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[ "A formal language is often thought of as :", "By an abuse of the definition , a particular formal language is often thought of as being equipped with a formal grammar that describes it ." ]
[ "The mathematical theory that treats formal languages in general is known as formal language theory .", "In mathematical logic , a formal theory is a set of sentences expressed in a formal language ." ]
[ "Shinjuku Station is a railway station located in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo , Japan .", "Shinjuku Station is a train station located in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo , Japan ." ]
[ "Phenix , Virginia is a town of Virginia in the United States .", "Phenix is a town in Charlotte County , Virginia , United States ." ]
[ "He was the last Postmaster who led Post Office as an Executive Department and held cabinet-member rank .", "He was the last Postmaster General who led Post Office as an Executive Department and who held Cabinet-member rank ." ]
[ "He is also known as the founder and Chief Executive Officer of construction giant Blount International .", "He is also known as the founder and former Chief Executive Officer of the large construction company Blount International ." ]
[ "Brabova is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .", "Brabova is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 1,776 people ." ]
[ "In the Adagio of his Symphony No. 9 a solo bassoon theme appears first in D minor , but comes back two more times notated in C minor .", "In the Adagio of his Symphony No. 9 a solo bassoon interpolation following the main theme appears first in D minor , returning twice more notated in C minor ." ]
[ "Because it has so many flats , D minor is usually written as its enharmonic equivalent of C minor .", "For clarity and simplicity , D minor is usually notated as its enharmonic equivalent of C minor , as it is , for example , in the second and third measures of Amy Beach 's Canticle of the Sun ." ]
[ "The Adagio of Bruckner 's Symphony No. 8 , also has phrases that are tonally in D minor but written as C minor .", "Likewise , in the Adagio of Bruckner 's Symphony No. 8 , phrases that are tonally in D minor are notated as C minor ." ]
[ "For example , Mahler 's thematic motif `` der kleine Appell '' ( `` call to order '' ) from his Fourth and Fifth Symphonies is written in D minor in Symphony No. 4 , but in his Symphony No. 5 it is in C minor .", "Mahler 's thematic motif `` der kleine Appell '' ( `` call to order '' ) from his Fourth and Fifth ...
[ "When countries get or try to get nuclear weapons , it is called nuclear proliferation .", "In the late 1940s , lack of mutual trust was preventing the United States and the Soviet Union from making ground towards international arms control agreements , but by the 1960s steps were being taken to limit both the pr...
[ "Nuclear weapons are also known as `` atomic bombs '' , `` atom bombs '' , or `` A-bombs '' .", "Such fission weapons are commonly referred to as atomic bombs or atom bombs ( abbreviated as A-bombs ) , though their energy comes specifically from the nucleus of the atom ." ]
[ "Iran is believed to be making nuclear weapons , but they say they are just making nuclear energy . When countries get or try to get nuclear weapons , it is called nuclear proliferation .", "Nuclear weapons deliveryâ '' the technology and systems used to bring a nuclear weapon to its targetâ '' is an important as...
[ "Many countries in the world possess nuclear weapons today .", "In addition , Israel is also widely believed to possess nuclear weapons , though it does not acknowledge having them ." ]
[ "A nuclear weapon is a weapon that suddenly releases the energy in the nucleus of certain types of atoms .", "There are two basic types of nuclear weapon ." ]
[ "But many countries have managed to create nuclear weapons . Many countries in the world possess nuclear weapons today .", "Nuclear weapons have also been opposed by agreements between countries ." ]
[ "Koicha produces a sweeter tea , and is almost always only served as part of Japanese tea ceremonies .", "Koicha is normally made with more expensive matcha from older tea trees ( exceeding thirty years ) and thus actually produces a milder and sweeter tea than usucha ; it is served almost exclusively as part of ...
[ "The very top of the tree has developing leaves that are soft and supple .", "The very top would have developing leaves that are soft and supple ." ]
[ "Nearly all the flavor of matcha comes from the amino acids .", "The flavor of matcha is dominated by its amino acids ." ]
[ "Stone grinding is quite difficult to do well .", "Stone grinding is an art form in and of itself ." ]
[ "It is used in Japanese tea ceremony and for dying and flavoring foods such as mochi and soba noodles , green tea ice cream and different types of wagashi ( Japanese confectionery ) .", "In modern times , matcha has also come to be used to flavor and dye foods such as mochi and soba noodles , green tea ice cream ...
[ "It is used in castella , manju , and monaka ; as a topping for kakigori ; mixed with milk and sugar as a drink ; and mixed with salt and used to flavor tempura in a mixture known as matcha-jio .", "It is used in castella , manjÅ `` , and monaka ; as a topping for kakigori ; mixed with milk and sugar as a drink ;...
[ "Otherwise , it can be poured directly from the sieve into a tea bowl .", "Otherwise , it can be scooped directly from the sieve into a tea bowl ." ]
[ "The preparation of matcha starts several weeks before harvest . At that time , the tea bushes are covered so that they do not get direct sunlight .", "The preparation of matcha starts several weeks before harvest , when the tea bushes are covered to prevent direct sunlight ." ]
[ "A small amount of matcha is placed into the bowl , traditionally using a bamboo scoop called a chashaku , and a small amount of hot ( not boiling ) water is added .", "A small amount of matcha is placed into the bowl , traditionally using a bamboo scoop called a chashaku , then a modicum of hot ( not boiling , a...
[ "This makes it grow slower and turns the leaves a darker shade of green . It also causes amino acids to be made , and these make the tea taste sweeter .", "This slows down growth , turns the leaves a darker shade of green and causes the production of amino acids that make the resulting tea sweeter ." ]
[ "There must be no lumps left in the liquid . Ideally no ground tea should remain on the sides of the bowl .", "There must be no lumps left in the liquid , and no ground tea should remain on the sides of the bowl ." ]
[ "Tencha leaves are traditionally dried outside in the shade and are always kept away from direct sunlight .", "Tencha leaves are traditionally dried outside in the shade and are never exposed to direct sunlight ." ]
[ "Powdered tea , stored and traded as tea bricks , seems to have been invented in China during the Song Dynasty ( 960-1279 ) .", "In the Song Dynasty ( 960-1279 ) , the method of making powdered tea from steam-prepared dried tea leaves , and preparing the beverage by whipping the tea powder and hot water together ...
[ "Usucha makes a lighter and slightly more bitter tea .", "Usucha creates a lighter and slightly more bitter tea ." ]
[ "The best matcha has more sweetness and a deeper flavor than the normal grades of tea harvested later in the year .", "The highest grades of matcha have more intense sweetness and deeper flavor than the standard or coarser grades of tea harvested later in the year ." ]
[ "The mixture is then whisked until it is all the same consistency ( thickness ) . This is traditionally done with a special kind of whisk made of bamboo known as a chasen .", "The mixture is then whisked to a uniform consistency , using a bamboo whisk known as a chasen ." ]
[ "Making and drinking powdered tea was formed into a ritual ( special ceremony ) by the Chan Buddhists .", "Preparation and consumption of powdered tea was formed into a ritual by Zen ( Chan ) Buddhists ." ]
[ "Usucha , or thin tea , is prepared with half a teaspoon of matcha and about 75 ml ( 2.5 oz ) of hot water .", "Usucha , or thin tea , is prepared with approximately 1.75 grams ( amounting to 1.5 heaping chashaku scoop , or about half a teaspoon i.e. level teaspoon ) of matcha and approximately 75 ml ( 2.5 oz ) o...
[ "If the sieved matcha is to be served at a Japanese tea ceremony , then it will be put into a small tea caddy called a chaki .", "If the sieved matcha is to be served at a Japanese tea ceremony , then it will be placed into a small tea caddy known as a chaki ." ]
[ "However , if the leaves are laid out flat to dry , they will crumble and become known as tencha .", "However , if the leaves are laid out flat to dry , they will crumble somewhat and become known as tencha ." ]
[ "Only ground tencha can be called matcha : other powdered teas are known as konacha ( , lit . `` powdered tea '' ) .", "Note that only ground tencha qualifies as matcha , and other powdered green teas , such as powdered sencha , are known as konacha ( , lit ." ]
[ "Because the mixture is much thicker , blending it needs a slower , stirring movement which does not produce foam .", "Because the resulting mixture is significantly thicker ( about like liquid honey ) , blending it requires a slower , stirring motion which does not produce foam ." ]
[ "Tencha can then be de-veined , de-stemmed , and ground ( pressed ) with a stone until it becomes the fine , bright green , talc-like powder known as matcha .", "Tencha can then be de-veined , de-stemmed , and stone ground to the fine , bright green , talc-like powder known as matcha ." ]
[ "A special wooden spatula is used to force the tea through the sieve , or a small , smooth stone may be put on top of the sieve and shaken gently .", "A special wooden spatula is used to force the tea through the sieve , or a small , smooth stone may be placed on top of the sieve and the device shaken gently ." ]
[ "The use of matcha in modern drinks has also spread to North American cafÃ culture . Here , as in Japan , it is put into lattÃ s , iced drinks , milkshakes , and smoothies , as well as alcoholic drinks .", "The use of matcha in modern drinks has also spread to North American cafÃ s where , as in Japan , it has be...
[ "Quality matcha is very green because of this treatment .", "Quality matcha is vibrantly green also as a result of this treatment ." ]
[ "Chan Buddhism ( also known in Japanese as Zen ) , and powdered tea , were brought to Japan in 1191 by the monk Eisai .", "Zen Buddhism and , along with it , the Chinese methods of preparing powdered tea were brought to Japan in 1191 by the monk Eisai ." ]
[ "There are special sieves available for this purpose . These sieves are usually made of stainless steel and combine a fine wire mesh sieve and a temporary storage container .", "There are special sieves available for this purpose , which are usually stainless steel and combine a fine wire mesh sieve and a tempora...
[ "The better flavor is due to the tree sending all its nutrients to the growing leaves .", "The better flavor is a result of the plant sending all its nutrients to the growing leaves ." ]
[ "Without the right tools and technique , matcha can become `` burnt '' and is not such good quality .", "Without the right equipment and technique , matcha can become `` burnt '' and suffer degraded quality ." ]
[ "Before it is served , the matcha is often forced through a sieve in order to break up clumps .", "Prior to use , the matcha is often forced through a sieve in order to break up clumps ." ]
[ "It is also used as flavoring in many Western-style chocolates , candy , and desserts , such as cakes and pastries ( including Swiss rolls and cheesecake ) , cookies , pudding , mousse , and ice cream .", "It is also used as flavoring in many Western-style chocolates , candy , and desserts , such as cakes and pas...
[ "After harvesting , if the leaves are rolled out before drying as usual , the result will be gyokuro ( jewel dew ) tea .", "After harvesting , if the leaves are rolled out before drying as usual , the result will be gyokuro ( jade dew ) tea ." ]
[ "Even the Japanese snack Pocky has a matcha-flavoured version .", "The Japanese snack Pocky has a matcha-flavoured version ." ]
[ "Alun Michael born August 22 , 1943 , is a Welsh politician .", "Alun Edward Michael ( born 22 August 1943 ) is a British Labor Co-operative politician , who is the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Cardiff South and Penarth since 1987 , and served as the first First Secretary for Wales ." ]
[ "Amaterasu ( å ç", "Amaterasu , Amaterasu - Å mikami or Å hiru-menomuchi-no-kami is a sun goddess and one of the principal Shinto deities . The meaning of her name , Amaterasu - Å mikami , is `` the great August kami who shines in the heaven '' ." ]
[ "Bradford County is a county in Florida .", "Bradford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida ." ]
[ "Tamaddun Majlish ( commonly known as Tamaddun Majlish ) ( Bangla : à à 3\\/4 à à à à à à 3\\/4 à à à à à à à à à à à à à ) was an Islamic cultural organization in East Bengal .", "Pakistan Tamaddun Majlish ( commonly known as Tamaddun Majlish ) ( Bangla : à à 3\\/4 à à à à à à 3\\/4 à à à à à à à à à à à à à ) w...
[ "It has been awarded since 1983 .", "It has been awarded since 1983 , the year after Dick 's death ." ]
[ "The award was given the next year .", "The award was presented the following year ." ]
[ "The year in the table below tells the year the book was published .", "The year in the table below indicates the year the book was published ." ]
[ "The prize is given to the best original paperback published each year in the US .", "They are awarded to the best original paperback published each year in the US ." ]
[ "Thomas Disch started this award with help from David G. Hartwell , Paul S. Williams , and Charles N. Brown .", "The award was founded by Thomas Disch with assistance from David G. Hartwell , Paul S. Williams , and Charles N. Brown ." ]
[ "Authors of books that were given special notice or citations are listed in italics .", "Authors of special citation entries are listed in italics ." ]
[ "David G. Hartwell and Gordon Van Gelder manage the award now .", "It is currently administered by David G. Hartwell & Gordon Van Gelder ." ]
[ "Some other people who have been in charge of the award include Algis Budrys and David Alexander Smith .", "Past administrators include Algis J. Budrys and David Alexander Smith ." ]
[ "The Philip K. Dick Award is a science fiction award . It is named after science fiction and fantasy writer Philip K. Dick .", "The Philip K. Dick Award is a science fiction award given annually at Norwescon sponsored by the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society and ( since 2005 ) supported by the Philip K. Dick T...
[ "Crosby Ravensworth is a village and civil parish in Cumbria , England .", "Crosby Ravensworth is a village , civil parish and fell in the Eden District of Cumbria , England ." ]
[ "Masato Morishige ( born 21 May 1987 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Tokyo .", "Masato Morishige is a Japanese football player who plays for Japanese club F.C. Tokyo ." ]
[ "Jolson was America 's most famous and highest paid entertainer in the 1930s .", "In the 1930s , he was America 's most famous and highest paid entertainer ." ]
[ "Some of these singers were Bing Crosby Judy Garland , rock and country entertainer Jerry Lee Lewis , and Bob Dylan . Dylan said Jolson was `` somebody whose life I can feel '' .", "Numerous well-known singers were influenced by his music , including Bing Crosby Judy Garland , rock and country entertainer Jerry L...
[ "After the attack on Pearl Harbor , Jolson became the first star to entertain troops overseas during World War II . Again in 1950 became the first star to perform for GIs in Korea .", "After the attack on Pearl Harbor , Jolson became the first star to entertain troops overseas during World War II , and again in 1...
[ "Larry Parks played Jolson , but Jolson sang the songs himself . A sequel , Jolson Sings Again , was released in 1949 , and was nominated for three Oscars .", "The Jolson Story and its sequel Jolson Sings Again ( 1949 ) introduced a new generation to Jolson ." ]
[ "Al Jolson ( May 26 , 1886 â `` October 23 , 1950 ) was an American singer , comedian , and actor .", "Al Jolson ( May 26 , 1886 â `` October 23 , 1950 ) was an American singer , comedian and actor ." ]
[ "A movie about Jolson 's life , The Jolson Story , won Oscars in 1946 . Larry Parks played Jolson , but Jolson sang the songs himself .", "With Jolson providing almost all the vocals , and veteran Columbia contractee Larry Parks playing Jolson , The Jolson Story ( 1946 ) became one of the biggest hits of the year...
[ "Larry Parks played Jolson , but Jolson sang the songs himself .", "Larry Parks played Jolson with the songs dubbed in with Jolsonâ s real voice ." ]
[ "He did 42 shows in 16 days .", "( A ) nd a lean , smiling Jolson drove himself without letup through 42 shows in 16 days . ''" ]
[ "Jolson sang and acted in the first ( full length ) talking movie , The Jazz Singer in 1927 . He starred in many other musical movies in the 1930s .", "Although he 's best remembered today as the star in the first ( full length ) talking movie , The Jazz Singer in 1927 , he later starred in a series of successful...
[ "He sometimes performed in blackface makeup . This was a theatrical convention in the mid-19th century .", "He enjoyed performing in blackface makeup â `` a theatrical convention since the mid-19th century ." ]
[ "It is the capital of the Florina prefecture .", "It lies in the central part of Florina peripheral unit , of which it is the capital ." ]
[ "Around Florina there are many forests .", "Florina belongs to the periphery of West Macedonia ." ]
[ "Florina is a city in Greece in the region of Macedonia .", "Florina ( , known also by several alternative names ) is a town and municipality in mountainous northwestern Macedonia , Greece ." ]
[ "Joe Brady , Michael Fagan , Thomas Caffrey , Dan Curley and Tim Kelly were convicted of the murder . They were hanged in Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin between 14 May and 4 June 1883 .", "Joe Brady , Michael Fagan , Thomas Caffrey , Dan Curley and Tim Kelly were convicted of the murder and were hanged by William Marw...
[ "This increased his popularity in both Britain and Ireland .", "This increased his already huge popularity in both Britain and Ireland ." ]
[ "Mallon got several of them to reveal what they knew about the murders .", "By playing off one suspect against another Mallon got several of them to reveal what they knew ." ]
[ "In March 1887 , The Times printed letters that said they were written by Parnell .", "In March 1887 , The Times printed letters purportedly from Parnell claiming sympathy with the murderers and that his public denunciation of them was insincere ." ]
[ "The hunt for the murderers was led by Superintendent John Mallon , a Catholic who came from Armagh .", "The hunt for the perpetrators was led by Superintendent John Mallon , a Catholic who came from Armagh ." ]
[ "The Lord Lieutenant , Lord Spencer , described suddenly hearing screams , before seeing a man running to the Lodge grounds shouting `` Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke are killed . ''", "The then Lord Lieutenant , Lord Spencer , described suddenly hearing screams , before witnessing a man running to the Lo...
[ "Mallon had a pretty good idea of who was involved .", "Mallon had a pretty shrewd idea of who was involved ." ]
[ "They were forgeries written by journalist Richard Pigott . Parnell was personally shown to be innocent by the Parnell Commission in 1888-89 .", "It emerged that the letters were forgeries written by journalist Richard Pigott , and Parnell was personally vindicated by the Parnell Commission in 1888-89 ." ]
[ "Cavendish and Burke were attacked as they walked through Phoenix Park to the Viceregal Lodge . This was the `` out of season '' residence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ( the King 's representative and head of the Irish affairs ) .", "He and Burke were attacked as they walked to the Viceregal Lodge , the `` o...
[ "Responsibility for the political murders was claimed by a small , until then unknown Republican organization called the Irish National Invincibles .", "Responsibility for the assassinations was claimed by a small hitherto unheard-of Republican organization called the Irish National Invincibles ." ]
[ "The Phoenix Park Murders were the fatal stabbings on 6 May 1882 in the Phoenix Park in Dublin . Lord Frederick Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke were killed .", "The Phoenix Park Murders were the fatal stabbings on 6 May 1882 in the Phoenix Park in Dublin of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke ." ]
[ "Irish politician Charles Stewart Parnell made a speech condemning the murders in 1882 .", "Charles Stewart Parnell made a speech condemning the murders in 1882 ." ]
[ "Thomas Myles , surgeon at the nearby Dr Steevens ' Hospital , was called to help the victims .", "Thomas Myles , resident surgeon at the nearby Dr Steevens ' Hospital , was summoned to render medical assistance to the victims ." ]
[ "Zachary Taylor ( November 24 , 1784 - July 9 , 1850 ) was the 12th President of the United States .", "Zachary Taylor ( November 24 , 1784 â `` July 9 , 1850 ) was the 12th President of the United States ( 1849-1850 ) and an American military leader ." ]
[ "Tomoya Kanamori ( born 2 April 1982 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Ehime .", "Tomoya Kanamori is a Japanese footballer who plays for Ehime F.C. in the J. League Division 2 ." ]
[ "Zwischbergen is a municipality of the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland .", "Zwischbergen is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland ." ]
[ "Now Sami is taught as the first language in school for Sami children , and Norwegian is the first foreign language .", "Speakers have a right to get education in Sami language no matter where they are living and receive communication from the government in various Sami languages ." ]
[ "Norwegian is the national language . There are two official written versions of Norwegian called BokmÃ l and Nynorsk .", "The North Germanic Norwegian language has two official written forms , BokmÃ l and Nynorsk ." ]
[ "Many Sami now live outside the Sami homeland , mostly in Oslo and other big cities . Earlier , Sami people were forced to speak Norwegian in school .", "Several Finno-Ugric Sami languages are spoken and written throughout the country , especially in the north , by the Sami people ." ]
[ "Many Sami individuals are native speakers of one of the Sami languages .", "Several Finno-Ugric Sami languages are spoken and written throughout the country , especially in the north , by the Sami people . Speakers have a right to get education in Sami language no matter where they are living and receive communi...
[ "The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus is a American band .", "The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus is an American rock band that formed in Middleburg , Florida ." ]

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