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[ "land Islands ( Swedish : Ã land ( pronounced ) , Finnish : Ahvenanmaa ) form an archipelago in the Baltic Sea .", "land Islands form an archipelago in the Baltic Sea ." ]
[ "It is the smallest province of Finland , comprising 0.5 % of Finland 's population and 0.49 % of land area .", "The islands collectively constitute the smallest region of Finland , with only 0.49 % of its land area , and 0.50 % of its population ." ]
[ "He formally defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception and organized the First Vatican Council , which defined the dogma of papal infallibility .", "During his pontificate , he convened the First Vatican Council in 1869 , which decreed papal infallibility . The Pope defined the dogma of the Immaculate Concep...
[ "Pope Pius IX ( May 13 , 1792 â `` February 7 , 1878 ) , born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti , reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16 , 1846 , until his death more than 31 years later in 1878 , making him the longest-reigning Pope since the Apostle , St. Peter .", "Blessed Pope ...
[ "Villy-lez-Falaise is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .", "Villy-lez-Falaise is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ." ]
[ "Extant amphibians fall into one of three orders - the Anura ( frogs , including toads ) , the Caudata or Urodela ( salamanders , including newts ) , and the Gymnophiona or Apoda ( the limbless caecilians ) .", "Extant amphibians fall into one of three orders â '' the Anura ( frogs and toads ) , the Caudata or Ur...
[ "The subclass Lissamphibia includes all recent amphibians .", "The subclass Lissamphibia includes all recent amphibians and means smooth amphibia ." ]
[ "Her younger half-sister , Sarah Burney ( 1772 â `` 1844 ) , also became a novelist .", "Her younger half-sister , Sarah Burney ( 1772 â `` 1844 ) , also became a novelist , publishing seven works of fiction of her own ." ]
[ "They had a son in 1794 . His name was Alexander .", "Their only son , Alexander , was born in 1794 ." ]
[ "In 1793 , she married a French exile , General Alexandre D'Arblay .", "In 1793 , aged forty-two , she married a French exile , General Alexandre D'Arblay ." ]
[ "The younger Charles Burney was a scholar .", "The younger Charles Burney was a well-known classical scholar ." ]
[ "Esther Sleepe Burney also had two boys who died at birth .", "Esther Sleepe Burney also bore two other boys , both named Charles , who died in infancy in 1752 and 1754 ." ]
[ "Her older brothers and sisters were Ester ( Hetty ) ( 1749 â `` 1832 ) and James ( 1750 â `` 1821 ) . Her younger brothers and sisters were Susanna Elizabeth ( 1755-1800 ) , Charles ( 1757-1817 ) and Charlotte Ann ( 1761 â `` 1838 ) .", "Her elder siblings were Esther ( Hetty ) ( 1749 â `` 1832 ) and James ( 175...
[ "James Burney became an admiral . He sailed with Captain James Cook on his second and third trips .", "Of her brothers , James became an admiral and sailed with Captain James Cook on his second and third voyages ." ]
[ "She died in London in 6 January 1840 .", "After a lengthy writing career , and travels that took her to France for more than ten years , she settled in Bath , England , where she died on 6 January 1840 ." ]
[ "Frances Burney ( 13 June 1752 â `` 6 January 1840 ) was an English novelist , diarist and playwright . She was also known as Fanny Burney .", "Frances Burney ( 13 June 1752 â `` 6 January 1840 ) , also known as Fanny Burney and , after her marriage , as Madame dâ Arblay , was an English novelist , diarist and pl...
[ "She was born in King 's Lynn , England . She was born to musician Dr Charles Burney ( 1726 â `` 1814 ) and Mrs Esther Sleepe Burney ( 1725 â `` 62 ) .", "She was born in Lynn Regis , now Kingâ s Lynn , England , on 13 June 1752 , to musical historian Dr Charles Burney ( 1726 â `` 1814 ) and Mrs Esther Sleepe Bur...
[ "Crowley referred to this deck as The Book of Thoth , and wrote a book with the same title of use with the deck .", "Crowley referred to this deck as The Book of Thoth , and also wrote a book of that title intended for use with the deck ." ]
[ "The Thoth tarot deck is a tarot deck painted by Lady Frieda Harris at the request of Aleister Crowley .", "The Thoth Tarot is a divinatory tarot deck painted by Lady Frieda Harris according to instructions from Aleister Crowley ." ]
[ "It does better than previous treaties such as the Treaty of Rome and the Treaty of Maastricht . It gives the European Union such new things as :", "It consists of a number of amendments to the Treaty on European Union ( `` Maastricht Treaty '' ) and the Treaty establishing the European Community ( `` Treaty of R...
[ "The Treaty of Lisbon was signed in 2007 between 27 European states that are members of the European Union ( EU ) . It became effective on December 1 , 2009 .", "The Lisbon Treaty was signed by the EU member states on 13 December 2007 , and entered into force on 1 December 2009 ." ]
[ "Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama .", "Jefferson County , Alabama is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama , with its county seat being located in Birmingham ." ]
[ "The county has the largest population of all other counties in Alabama , and was 662,047 as of the 2000 U.S. census .", "As of the 2000 U.S. Census , the population of Jefferson County was 662,047 , but the July 2009 estimate is 665,027 ." ]
[ "Digital signal processing ( DSP ) is concerned with the processing of digital signals or analog signals after converting from analog to digital format .", "Digital signal processing ( DSP ) is concerned with the representation of signals by a sequence of numbers or symbols and the processing of these signals . D...
[ "DSP is usually used with real-world analog signals found in our lives , the first step is usually to convert the signal from an analog to a digital form , by using an analog to digital converter . Often , the required output signal is another real-world analog signal , which requires a digital to analog converter ...
[ "DSP includes subfields like : communication signals processing , radar signal processing , sensor array processing , digital image processing , etc.", "DSP includes subfields like : audio and speech signal processing , sonar and radar signal processing , sensor array processing , spectral estimation , statistica...
[ "Often , the required output signal is another real-world analog signal , which requires a digital to analog converter .", "However , often , the required output signal is another analog output signal , which requires a digital-to-analog converter ( DAC ) ." ]
[ "DSP is usually used with real-world analog signals found in our lives , the first step is usually to convert the signal from an analog to a digital form , by using an analog to digital converter .", "The goal of DSP is usually to measure , filter and\\/or compress continuous real-world analog signals . The first...
[ "This is a category for albums by The Beatles .", "This category contains articles about albums released by The Beatles ." ]
[ "The DVD was re-released on November 5 , 2007 on HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc .", "The DVD has been re-released in on November 5 , 2007 on HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc ." ]
[ "The video has a full length concert of Take That recorded at the City of Manchester Stadium on June 17 , 2006 during the `` Ultimate Tour 2006 '' . It was released in the UK on November 6 2006 and internationally on December 7 2006 .", "The video features a full length concert of Take That recorded at the City o...
[ "A limited edition version of the video was also released on October 23 , 2006 . It contained a bonus CD with 7 of their previous hit singles .", "A limited edition version of the video was also released on October 23 , 2006 containing a bonus CD with 7 of their previous hit singles ." ]
[ "Regular stand in presenter Johnnie Walker would become interim host of the breakfast show for the three week period between Wogan 's departure and Evans ' .", "Regular stand in presenter Johnnie Walker would become interim host of the breakfast show for the three week period between Wogan 's departure and Evans ...
[ "His best known role was that of Det . Dave Starsky in American TV series Starsky and Hutch .", "Paul Michael Glaser ( born March 25 , 1943 ) is an American actor and director , perhaps best known for his role as Detective David Starsky on the 1970s television series Starsky and Hutch ; he also appeared as Captai...
[ "Cheminas is a commune of the Ardà che dà partement in the southern part of France .", "Cheminas is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ." ]
[ "It was released on January 19 , 1988 .", "It was released by Capitol Records in 1988 ." ]
[ "is the third studio album by thrash metal band Megadeth .", "is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Megadeth ." ]
[ "Northern Maine Regional Airport ( Airport Code KPQI ) is a public airport located in the city of Presque Isle , Maine .", "Scheduled commercial air service is available through Northern Maine Regional Airport in Presque Isle . General aviation services are available through both Northern Maine Regional Airport a...
[ "It was used as an Air Force Base called Presque Isle Air Force Base which closed in 1961 .", "When the United States Air Force closed Presque Isle Air Force Base in 1961 , the former Air Force Base was redeveloped ." ]
[ "He worked at Lick Observatory beginning in 1888 but was appointed director of the University of Pittsburgh 's Allegheny Observatory in 1891 .", "Keeler worked at Lick Observatory beginning in 1888 , but left after being appointed director of the University of Pittsburgh 's Allegheny Observatory in 1891 ." ]
[ "James Edward Keeler ( September 10 1857 â `` August 12 1900 ) was an American astronomer .", "James Edward Keeler ( September 10 , 1857 â `` August 12 , 1900 ) was an American astronomer ." ]
[ "The Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ) is the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks . It can be found throughout most of North America , Europe , Asia , New Zealand and Australia .", "The Mallard , or wild duck ( Anas platyrhynchos ) is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Am...
[ "Poperinge is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders .", "Poperinge is a municipality located in the province of West Flanders , Flemish Region , Belgium ." ]
[ "Auburn University is in the city of Auburn , Alabama .", "Auburn University ( AU or Auburn ) is a public university located in Auburn , Alabama , United States ." ]
[ "The Malvern Hills , which run from the south of the county into Herefordshire , are made up mainly of volcanic rock , some of which date from before 1200 million years ago .", "The Malvern Hills , which run from the south of the county into Herefordshire , are made up mainly of volcanic igneous rock and metamorp...
[ "For more on the geology of the Malvern Hills , see the other websites section below .", "For more on the geology of the Malvern Hills , see the external links below ." ]
[ "James Keir Hardie ( 15 August 1856 - 26 September 1915 ) was a Scottish socialist and labor leader , and was the first independent labor Member of Parliament ( MPs ) in the UK Parliament , seven years before the start of the Labor Party .", "James Keir Hardie , Sr. ( 15 August 1856-26 September 1915 ) , best kno...
[ "Stephens would buy some land from Thomas Fairfax , 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron .", "Although Hite 's title to the land was challenged by Thomas Fairfax , 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron , the land baron of the area , the matter was settled amicably ." ]
[ "Stephens City , Virginia is a town in Frederick County , Virginia .", "Stephens City is an incorporated town in the southern part of Frederick County , Virginia , United States , with a population of 1,829 at the time of the 2010 Census ." ]
[ "Their leader was Peter Stephens .", "Peter Stephens and a small party of German Protestants from Heidelberg , in the Palatinate , arrived about 1732 to buy and settle that land , including the site of what became Stephens City , named for the Stephens family ." ]
[ "It is one of the rarer types of skin cancer but causes the majority of skin cancer related deaths .", "However , it is much more dangerous and causes the majority ( 75 % ) of deaths related to skin cancer ." ]
[ "Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes which are found predominantly in skin but also in the bowel and the eye ( see uveal melanoma ) .", "Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes ." ]
[ "StroieÅ ti is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania .", "StroieÅ ti is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ." ]
[ "Thorndike and Watson rejected introspective methods and wanted to restrict psychology to experimental methods . Skinner 's research focused on Operant conditioning .", "Its main influences were Ivan Pavlov , who investigated classical conditioning although he did not necessarily agree with Behaviorism or Behavio...
[ "Kenichi Ego ( born 7 June 1979 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Ehime .", "Kenichi Ego is a Japanese footballer who plays for Japanese club Ehime F.C. ." ]
[ "and a sequel to it called TNA Impact !", "After TNA 's contract with Fox Sports Net was not renewed the following year , TNA was forced to broadcast Impact !" ]
[ "They made a video game called TNA iMPACT !", "TNA has also expanded into other areas with the development of a video game with Midway Games , titled TNA Impact !" ]
[ "Because of this , Japan had a greater need for new high speed lines than countries where the existing standard gauge or broad gauge rail system could be upgraded easily .", "Consequently , Japan had a greater need for new high speed lines than countries where the existing standard gauge or broad gauge rail syste...
[ "This includes all natural and human accidents and errors and is calculated from about 160,000 trips Shinkansen made .", "This includes all natural and human accidents and errors and was calculated over roughly 160,000 Shinkansen trips completed ." ]
[ "In 2003 , JR Tokai reported that the Shinkansen 's average arrival time was within 6 seconds of the scheduled time .", "In 2003 , JR Central reported that the Shinkansen 's average arrival time was within six seconds of the scheduled time ." ]
[ "A driving car from one of the original trains is now in the British National Railway Museum in York .", "A driving car from one of the 0 series trains is now in the British National Railway Museum in York , England ." ]
[ "The few overnight trains that still run in Japan run on the old narrow gauge network which the Shinkansen runs parallel to .", "The few overnight trains that still run in Japan run on the older narrow gauge network that the Shinkansen parallels ." ]
[ "The line opened on October 1 , 1964 , just in time for the Tokyo Olympics .", "The TÅ kaidÅ Shinkansen began service on 1 October 1964 , in time for the Tokyo Olympics ." ]
[ "The previous record was from 1997 and was 18 seconds .", "The previous record , from 1997 , was 18 seconds ." ]
[ "Many more advanced models of train followed the first type , generally each with its own distinctive appearance .", "Several new train models followed the first , each generally with its own distinctive appearance ." ]
[ "The first derailment of a Shinkansen train in passenger service occurred during the Chuetsu Earthquake on October 23 , 2004 .", "The only derailment of a Shinkansen train in passenger service occurred during the ChÅ `` etsu Earthquake on 23 October 2004 ." ]
[ "6 of the total of 8 cars of the train on the Joetsu Shinkansen derailed near Nagaoka Station in Nagaoka , Niigata .", "Eight of ten cars of the Toki No. 325 train on the JÅ etsu Shinkansen derailed near Nagaoka Station in Nagaoka , Niigata ." ]
[ "Thus , the current research is aimed to reduce the amount of noise , mainly when trains exit a tunnel .", "Current research is primarily aimed at reducing operational noise , particularly the tunnel boom phenomenon caused when trains exit tunnels at high speed ." ]
[ "Japan was the first country to build railway lines for high speed travel .", "Japan was the first country to build dedicated railway lines for high speed travel ." ]
[ "The line was an immediate success , reaching the 100 million passenger mark in less than three years on July 13 , 1967 and one billion passengers in 1976 .", "The service was an immediate success , reaching the 100 million passenger mark in less than three years on 13 July 1967 , and one billion passengers in 19...
[ "In recent years , due to noise pollution , increasing speed is getting harder .", "Noise pollution concerns mean that increasing speed is becoming more difficult ." ]
[ "Originally meant to carry passenger and freight trains by day and night , the Shinkansen lines carry only passenger trains .", "Originally intended to carry passenger and freight trains by day and night , the Shinkansen lines carry only passenger trains ." ]
[ "Shinkansen trains now run regularly at speeds of up to 300 km\\/h ( 185 mph ) , putting them among the fastest trains running in the world , along with the French TGV and German ICE trains .", "Shinkansen trains now run regularly at speeds up to 300 k , placing them alongside the French TGV , Italian TAV , Spani...
[ "Speeches are given , opening the Games .", "Speeches are given , formally opening the Games ." ]
[ "The International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) has established six groups .", "The International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) has established six disability categories ." ]
[ "Another disabled athlete to appear in the Olympics prior to the Paralympic Games was Liz Hartel . She was a Danish equestrian athlete who had contracted polio in 1943 .", "Another disabled athlete to appear in the Olympics prior to the Paralympic Games was Liz Hartel , a Danish equestrian athlete who had contrac...
[ "The change was to support the idea that Paralympians have a spirit of competition and that the IPC as an organization realizes its potential and is moving forward to achieve it .", "The change was intended to convey the idea that Paralympians have a spirit of competition and that the IPC as an organization reali...
[ "The Paralympics recognizes three different grades of visual impairment , consequently all competitors in goalball must wear a visor or `` black out mask '' so that athletes with less visual impairment will not have an advantage . Other sports , like athletics , are open to athletes with a wide variety of impairmen...
[ "The Games are officially closed , and the Paralympic flame is put out .", "The Games are officially closed , and the Paralympic flame is extinguished ." ]
[ "The IPC has a good relationship with the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) .", "The IPC has a cooperative relationship with the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) ." ]
[ "It was in Seoul that the Paralympic Summer Games were held directly after the Olympic Summer Games , in the same host city , and using the same venues .", "It was in Seoul that the Paralympic Summer Games were held directly after the Olympic Summer Games , in the same host city , and using the same facilities ."...
[ "The IPC is the global ruling body of the Paralympic Movement .", "The IPC is the global governing body of the Paralympic Movement ." ]
[ "The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event where athletes with a physical disability compete . This includes athletes with mobility disabilities , amputations , blindness , and Cerebral Palsy .", "The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event where athletes with a physica...
[ "The host nation then presents displays of music , singing , dance , and theater representative of its culture .", "The host nation then presents artistic displays of music , singing , dance , and theater representative of its culture ." ]
[ "The motto and symbol of the IPC was changed in 2003 to the current versions .", "The motto and symbol of the IPC were changed in 2003 to their current versions ." ]
[ "Flag-bearers from each participating country enter , followed by the athletes who enter together , without any national difference .", "Flag-bearers from each participating country enter , followed by the athletes who enter together , without any national distinction ." ]
[ "This tradition was upheld until the 1992 Games in Albertville , France , After this , starting with the 1994 Games , the Winter Paralympics and the Winter Olympics have been held in those even numbered years separate from the Summer Games .", "This tradition was upheld until the 1992 Games in Albertville , Franc...
[ "This set a pattern that was followed in 1992 and 1996 .", "This set a precedent that was followed in 1992 and 1996 ." ]
[ "These early competitions have been called the precursors of the Paralympic Games .", "These early competitions , also known as the Stoke Mandeville Games , have been described as the precursors of the Paralympic Games ." ]
[ "The first athlete to compete was American gymnast George Eyser in 1904 . Eyser had an artificial leg .", "The first athlete to do so was American gymnast George Eyser in 1904 , he had one artificial leg ." ]
[ "400 athletes from 23 countries competed at the 1960 Games . The Games were open to athletes in wheelchairs .", "The movement has grown dramatically since its early days â `` for example the number of athletes participating in the Summer Paralympic Games has increased from 400 athletes in Rome in 1960 to over 3,9...
[ "The first official Paralympic Games , no longer open solely to war veterans , were held in Rome in 1960 .", "The first official Paralympic Games , no longer open solely to war veterans , was held in Rome in 1960 ." ]
[ "Members of the IPC are also part of the IOC take part with IOC groups and duties .", "Delegates of the IPC are also members of the IOC and participate on IOC committees and commissions ." ]
[ "The higher the number the higher the athlete 's level of mobility .", "The higher the value the higher the athlete 's level of function ." ]
[ "Athletes with disabilities did compete in the Olympic Games before the creation of the Paralympics .", "Athletes with disabilities did compete in the Olympic Games prior to the advent of the Paralympics ." ]
[ "There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games , which are held immediately following their respective Olympic Games . All Paralympic Games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) .", "Both the Paralympic Summer and Winter Games are recognized on the world stage ." ]
[ "After these elements , the next host nation briefly introduces itself with displays of dance and theater representative of its culture .", "After these compulsory elements , the next host nation briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theater representative of its culture ." ]
[ "The IPC has established six disability groups .", "The IPC has established six disability categories ." ]
[ "There are 20 sports in the Summer Paralympic Games and there are five sports in the Winter Paralympic Games .", "There are twenty paralympic sports on the Summer Paralympic program and there are five paralympic sports on the Winter Paralympics program ." ]
[ "Paralympians strive for equal treatment with able-bodied Olympic athletes . There is a large funding gap between Olympic and Paralympic athletes .", "Paralympians strive for equal treatment with non-disabled Olympic athletes , but there is a large funding gap between Olympic and Paralympic athletes ." ]