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[ "Howard R. Turner writes : `` Muslim artists and scientists , princes and laborers together created a unique culture that has directly and indirectly influenced societies on every continent . ''", "Howard R. Turner writes : `` Muslim artists and scientists , princes and laborers together made a unique culture tha...
[ "This period was called Golden Age , because engineers , scholars and traders in the Islamic world did much for the arts , agriculture , economics , industry , law , literature , navigation , philosophy , sciences , and technology in this time . They built upon earlier traditions and added inventions and innovation...
[ "Steve Corica ( born 24 March 1973 ) is a former Australian football player . He has played for Australia national team .", "Stephen Christopher Corica ( born 24 March 1973 in Innisfail , Australia ) is a former Australian football ( soccer ) player who last played for Australian A-League team Sydney FC ." ]
[ "Seol Ki-Hyeon ( born 8 January 1979 ) is a South Korean football player .", "Seol Ki-Hyeon or Seol Ki-Hyun ( ; born 8 January 1979 in Jeongseon , Gangwon ) is a South Korean professional footballer who plays for Ulsan Hyundai as a winger or striker ." ]
[ "The Confederation of the Rhine was a client state of First French Empire .", "The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire ." ]
[ "It existed from 1806 through 1813 .", "It lasted from 1806 to 1813 ." ]
[ "Bolton is a town in the North West of England .", "Bolton is a town in Greater Manchester , in the North West of England ." ]
[ "Bolton was part of Lancashire until the 1970s .", "Bolton is surrounded by several smaller towns and villages which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton , of which Bolton is the administrative center ." ]
[ "It is located approximately 650 km ( 400 mi ) west of Curitiba , Parana 's capital city , on the border with Argentina and Paraguay .", "It is located approximately 650 km ( 400 mi ) west of Curitiba , Parana 's capital city , being the westernmost city in that state ." ]
[ "Hurricane Dennis was the second hurricane and the first major hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season .", "Hurricane Dennis was an early-forming major hurricane in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico during the very active 2005 Atlantic hurricane season . Dennis was the fourth named storm , second hurricane...
[ "GuÃ tres is a commune .", "GuÃ tres is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France ." ]
[ "Brunegg is a municipality of the district Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .", "Brunegg is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland ." ]
[ "Clinton is a community in Dutchess County , New York , United States .", "Clinton is a town in Dutchess County , New York , United States ." ]
[ "Below is the list of Wikipedia articles about American football players who have played for the New York Giants of the National Football League .", "People that have played for the New York Football Giants ." ]
[ "ZlÃ n ( from 1949 to 1990 Gottwaldov ) is a town in the Czech Republic .", "In 1990 the whole city was renamed ZlÃ n." ]
[ "The Republic of Uganda is a landlocked country in east Africa .", "Uganda ( or ) , officially the Republic of Uganda , is a landlocked country in East Africa ." ]
[ "Menneville , Aisne is a commune .", "Menneville is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ." ]
[ "From 1940 until 1957 the city was named Molotov , after Vyacheslav Molotov .", "From 1940 until 1957 , the city was named Molotov , after Vyacheslav Molotov ." ]
[ "There is one international airport in Perm Bolshoye Savino ( Big Savino ) .", "Perm is served by the international airport Bolshoye Savino , 16 km south-west ." ]
[ "Perm 's public transit network includes streetcar ( tram ) , bus , and trolleybus routes .", "Perm 's public transit network includes tram , bus , and trolleybus routes ." ]
[ "There is one international airport in Perm Bolshoye Savino ( Big Savino ) . Perm is also served by the smaller Airport `` Bakharevka '' .", "Perm is served by Bolshoye Savino Airport and hosts Bakharevka air base ." ]
[ "Perm is one of the largest cities in Russia , with 976,116 ( 2006 est . ) inhabitants , down from 1,001,653 recorded in 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census .", "Perm 's 2007 estimated population was 990,200 ( 2007 est . ) , down from 1,001,653 recorded in the 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1...
[ "There was also a version played on television . There are also ones that are more graphic .", "As well as the version played on television , there was another , more graphic version created ." ]
[ "But it is available on some websites .", "This was never released officially but is available on certain websites ." ]
[ "It is the lowest charting single from The Sufferer & the Witness . Although , it was the band 's second highest charting single .", "It is the lowest charting single from The Sufferer & the Witness , but at the time , it was the band 's second highest charting single ." ]
[ "The video is 3 minutes and 52 seconds long . It cuts between shots of the band playing and shots of animals being saved or dying , if not already dead .", "The video is 3 minutes and 51 seconds long , and cuts between shots of the band playing and shots of animals being saved or dying , if not already dead , fro...
[ "`` Ready to Fall '' is the first single by melodic hardcore band Rise Against from their fourth studio album , The Sufferer & The Witness ( 2006 ) .", "`` Ready to Fall '' is the first single by the punk rock band Rise Against from their fourth studio album , The Sufferer & The Witness ( 2006 ) ." ]
[ "Rise Against is an active supporter of PETA , a animal rights organization , and the band members are all active vegetarians .", "Rise Against is an active supporter of PETA , an animal rights organization , and the band members are all active vegetarians ." ]
[ "The video was made in 2006 . It is about pollution and its effects on the environment .", "Made in 2006 , the video is about pollution and its effects on the environment ." ]
[ "It is also shown in Tap Tap Revenge 3 on the iPhone and iPod Touch as a downloadable double song pack with Audience of One .", "It is also featured in Tap Tap Revenge 3 on iPhone and iPod Touch as a downloadable double song pack with Audience of One ." ]
[ "The song got to number 13 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart .", "The song reached number 13 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart ." ]
[ "An acoustic version of this song was done live on the CJZN Radio station in Victoria , British Columbia , on January 18 , 2007 , before a Billy Talent concert featuring Rise Against , Anti-Flag , and Moneen .", "An acoustic version of this song was performed live on the CJZN Radio station in Victoria , British C...
[ "The song was also shown in 2009 action movie 12 Rounds .", "The song featured in 2009 action movie 12 Rounds ." ]
[ "Choa Saidanshah is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan , it is located at 32 Â 43 ' 0N 72 Â 58 ' 60E It is a named after a man who was a famous Sufi .", "Choa Saiden Shah is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan , it is l...
[ "Heinz Vollmar ( born 26 April , 1936 ) is a former German football player .", "Heinz Vollmar ( 26 April 1936 â `` 12 October 1987 ) was a Saarland & German football player ." ]
[ "They may call members to the Bar and allow them to practice as barristers .", "The Inns are responsible for training , regulating and selecting barristers within England and Wales , and are the only bodies allowed to call a barrister to the Bar and allow him to practice ." ]
[ "The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London .", "The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple , commonly known as Inner Temple , is one of the four Inns of Court ( professional associations for barristers and judges ) in London ." ]
[ "( The other Inns are Middle Temple , Gray 's Inn and Lincoln 's Inn . )", "The Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court , along with Gray 's Inn , Lincoln 's Inn and the Middle Temple ." ]
[ "Rhizobia are soil bacteria which become established inside root nodules of legumes ( the pea family : Fabaceae ) .", "Rhizobia are soil bacteria that fix nitrogen ( diazotrophy ) after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes ( Fabaceae ) ." ]
[ "See list of sportspeople for an overview and : Category : Sportspeople for specific categories .", "See : Category : Lists of sportspeople by sport for specific sports and disciplines ." ]
[ "It is called a `` book '' , as it is usually has pages , but it can also be shown on a single page or banner .", "It is called a `` book '' , as it is usually represented with pages , although it can be shown on a single page or banner ." ]
[ "During his career in WWF\\/E , Morley has held the Intercontinental Championship twice , European Championship once and World Tag Team Championship once with Lance Storm .", "During his career in WWF\\/E , Morley held the Intercontinental Championship two times , the European Championship once , and the World Ta...
[ "The 1988 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , were celebrated in Seoul , South Korea from September 17 , through October 2 .", "The 1988 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , were an all international multi-sport events celebrated from September ...
[ "Trucy is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .", "Trucy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ." ]
[ "The important rivers that flow through the province , are the Trang River and Palian River . The rivers flow between the Khao Luang the Banthat mountain ranges .", "The important Trang River flows through the province from its origin in the Khao Luang mountain range and the Palian River from the Banthat mountain...
[ "Most of the area is hills .", "There are only few plains , and most of the area is hills ." ]
[ "The province has an area about 5,000 square km .", "Trang province has an area of approximately 5,000 square km ." ]
[ "Trang was the first city where rubber trees were planted . Governor Phraya Ratsadanupradit Mahison Phakdi brought rubber from Malaysia and planted it here before anywhere else in southern Thailand in 1899 .", "The Trang area was the first area of Thailand where rubber trees were planted , brought there by govern...
[ "Governor Phraya Ratsadanupradit Mahison Phakdi brought rubber from Malaysia and planted it here before anywhere else in southern Thailand in 1899 .", "Phraya Ratsadanupradit Mahison Phakdi brought rubber from Malaysia and planted it here before anywhere else in southern Thailand in 1899 ." ]
[ "It is located on the Andaman Sea , and contains 46 islands together with the mainland area .", "The province is located on the coast of the Andaman Sea , and contains 46 islands together with the mainland area ." ]
[ "Rubber is now consider an important product of Thailand .", "Rubber is now considered an important commodity of Thailand ." ]
[ "Trang was the first city where rubber trees were planted .", "It was the first city where rubber was planted ." ]
[ "In cell biology , a granule can be any structure barely visible by light microscopy .", "In cell biology , a granule is a small particle . It can be any structure barely visible by light microscopy ." ]
[ "Kou Shibasaki , born Yukie Yamamura on August 5 , 1981 in Toshima , Tokyo , is a Japanese singer and actress .", "Kou Shibasaki , born Yukie Yamamura , on August 5 , 1981 in Toshima , Tokyo , Japan is a Japanese singer and actress ." ]
[ "Excluding John Tyler and Andrew Johnson â '' both of whom ascended to the Presidency â '' he was the shortest-serving person to occupy that office ( 45 days , see List of U.S. Vice Presidents by time in office ) .", "The only United States executive official to take the oath of office on foreign soil , King died...
[ "William Rufus deVane King ( April 7 , 1786 â `` April 18 , 1853 ) was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina , a Senator from Alabama , and the thirteenth Vice President of the United States .", "William Rufus DeVane King ( April 7 , 1786 -- April 18 , 1853 ) was the 13th Vice President of the United States f...
[ "It was formed by joining the old districts of Burgenlandkreis and WeiÃ enfels as part of the boundary changes of 2007 .", "The district was established by merging the former districts of Burgenlandkreis and WeiÃ enfels as part of the reform of 2007 ." ]
[ "On 16 July 2007 the district parliament decided to change the name back to Burgenlandkreis from 1 August 2007 .", "On 16 July 2007 , the district parliament decided to change the name again to Burgenlandkreis coming into effect on the 1 August 2007 ." ]
[ "Later , Asimov added the Zeroth Law : `` A robot may not harm humanity , or , by inaction , allow humanity to come to harm '' ; the rest of the laws are modified sequentially to acknowledge this .", "A robot may not harm humanity , or , by inaction , allow humanity to come to harm ." ]
[ "The first mention of the laws is in Asimov 's short story Runaround ( written in 1942 ) .", "The rules are introduced in his 1942 short story `` Runaround '' although they were foreshadowed in a few earlier stories ." ]
[ "The Three Laws form an organizing principle and unifying theme for Asimov 's fiction , appearing in his Robot series and the other stories linked to it , as well as his Lucky Starr series of science-oriented young-adult fiction .", "The Three Laws form an organizing principle and unifying theme for Asimov 's fic...
[ "The Three Laws of Robotics are three rules , written by Isaac Asimov .", "The Three Laws of Robotics , often shortened to The Three Laws or Three Laws , are a set of three rules written by science fiction author Isaac Asimov and later expanded upon ." ]
[ "Other authors working in Asimov 's fictional universe have adopted them , and references ( often parodic ) appear throughout science fiction and in other genres .", "Other authors working in Asimov 's fictional universe have adopted them and references , often parodic , appear throughout science fiction as well ...
[ "These baryons are further made up of sub-atomic fundamental particles known as quarks joined by the strong interaction .", "These baryons are further composed of subatomic fundamental particles known as quarks bound by the strong interaction ." ]
[ "In 1916 , for example , Gilbert N. Lewis wrote , in his famous article The Atom and the Molecule , that â the atom is composed of the kernel and an outer atom or shellâ .", "In 1916 , for example , Gilbert N. Lewis stated , in his famous article The Atom and the Molecule , that `` the atom is composed of the ker...
[ "The size ( diameter ) of the nucleus is between 1.6 fm ( 10-15 m ) ( for a proton in light hydrogen ) to about 15 fm ( for the heaviest atoms , such as uranium ) .", "The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of for hydrogen ( the diameter of a single proton ) to about for the heaviest atoms , such as uranium ...
[ "The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons ( two types of baryons ) joined by the nuclear force .", "The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons ( two types of baryons ) bound by the nuclear force ( also known as the residual strong force ) ." ]
[ "These sizes are much smaller than the size of the atom itself by a factor of about 23,000 ( uranium ) to about 145,000 ( hydrogen ) .", "These dimensions are much smaller than the diameter of the atom itself ( nucleus + electronic cloud ) , by a factor of about 23,000 ( uranium ) to about 145,000 ( hydrogen ) ."...
[ "In 1844 , Michael Faraday used nucleus to describe the â central point of an atomâ .", "In 1844 , Michael Faraday used the term to refer to the `` central point of an atom '' ." ]
[ "Around the same time that this was happening ( 1909 ) Ernest Rutherford performed a remarkable experiment in which Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden under his supervision fired alpha particles ( helium nuclei ) at a thin film of gold foil .", "It was discovered in 1911 , as a result of Ernest Rutherford 's interpre...
[ "Dirk Kuyt ( born 22 July 1980 ) is a Dutch football player .", "Dirk Kuijt or Dirk Kuyt ( ; born 22 July 1980 ) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays for English club Liverpool ." ]
[ "Leno left the show in 2009 , and Conan O'Brien ( of Late Night and Saturday Night Live fame ) became host from June 2009 to January 2010 before leaving due to controversy with The Tonight Show 's timeslot . Jay Leno became the host of the show again on March 1 , 2010 .", "After Leno 's run as host of The Tonight...
[ "The Tonight Show would be moved to 12:05 AM , but would still be a full hour long .", "This would move The Tonight Show to 12:05 am , a post-midnight timeslot for the first time in its history ." ]
[ "Carson and McMahon retired from The Tonight Show in 1992 , when Jay Leno became host .", "Johnny Carson retired on May 22 , 1992 , and was replaced by Jay Leno amid controversy . David Letterman not only wanted to move into that earlier time slot from his late night spot after The Tonight Show , but was consider...
[ "In 1962 , Johnny Carson took over and stayed until 1992 , with announcer Ed McMahon as co-host . Carson and McMahon retired from The Tonight Show in 1992 , when Jay Leno became host .", "The longest-serving host to date was Carson , who hosted The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson for 30 seasons , from the fal...
[ "Conan O'Brien 's last show aired on January 22 , 2010 .", "O'Brien 's final episode aired on Friday , January 22 , and Jay Leno resumed hosting The Tonight Show on March 1 , 2010 . O'Brien returned to late-night television on November 8 , 2010 , hosting Conan on cable channel TBS ." ]
[ "Carson and McMahon retired from The Tonight Show in 1992 , when Jay Leno became host . Leno left the show in 2009 , and Conan O'Brien ( of Late Night and Saturday Night Live fame ) became host from June 2009 to January 2010 before leaving due to controversy with The Tonight Show 's timeslot .", "The final episod...
[ "The deal was made that O'Brien would receive $ 33 million and that his staff of almost 200 people would receive $ 12 million .", "On January 21 , it was announced that NBC had struck a deal with O'Brien in which he would leave The Tonight Show and receive a $ 33 million payout . His staff of almost 200 would rec...
[ "Jay Leno became the host of the show again on March 1 , 2010 .", "The current host of the show is Jay Leno , who had previously hosted the show from 1992 â `` 2009 , and began his current tenure on March 1 , 2010 ." ]
[ "The Jay Leno Show would be 30 minutes long .", "Leno 's show would be shortened from an hour to 30 minutes ." ]
[ "Horse Cave is a city of Kentucky in the United States .", "Horse Cave is a city in Hart County , Kentucky , United States ." ]
[ "Galton was a polymath : an anthropologist , a eugenicist , a tropical explorer , geographer , inventor , meteorologist , proto-geneticist , psychometrician , and statistician .", "Sir Francis Galton FRS ( 16 February 1822 â `` 17 January 1911 ) , cousin of Douglas Strutt Galton , half-cousin of Charles Darwin , ...
[ "He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence .", "He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence , and introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human ...
[ "He created the statistical concepts of normal distribution , correlation and regression toward the mean .", "He also created the statistical concept of correlation and widely promoted regression toward the mean ." ]
[ "Galton produced over 340 papers and books in his lifetime .", "Galton had a prolific intellect , and produced over 340 papers and books throughout his lifetime ." ]
[ "He was a pioneer in eugenics , coining the very term itself and the phrase `` nature versus nurture '' .", "He was a pioneer in eugenics , coining the term itself and the phrase `` nature versus nurture '' ." ]
[ "The mating season starts in mid-March and reaches into July .", "The mating season begins in mid-March , peaks in mid-April to May , and extends into July ." ]
[ "The young leave the nest normally between 17 â `` 21 days after hatching .", "The young fledge usually between 17 â `` 21 days after hatching ." ]
[ "Blue Jays have strong black bills used for cracking open nuts , and acorns and for eating corn , grains and seeds , although they also eat insects such as beetles , grasshoppers , and caterpillars .", "Blue Jays have strong black bills used for cracking nuts and acorns , and for eating corn , grains and seeds , ...
[ "Blue Jays will sometimes catch food , though to what extent is different among individuals .", "Blue Jays will sometimes cache food , though to what extent differs widely among individuals ." ]
[ "Any nice tree or large shrub may be used for nesting , though an evergreen is preferred .", "Any suitable tree or large bush may be used for nesting , though an evergreen is preferred ." ]
[ "There is a crown of feathers on the top of the head , which may be raised or lowered according to the bird 's mood .", "There is a pronounced crest on the head , a crown of feathers , which may be raised or lowered according to the bird 's mood ." ]
[ "Jays are some of the more smart birds .", "However , Blue Jays have also been known to attack or kill other smaller birds ." ]
[ "The Blue Jay has a bad reputation as a raider of other birds ' nests , taking eggs , chicks , and nests .", "Additionally , the Blue Jay has a bad reputation for raiding other birds ' nests , stealing eggs , chicks , and nests ." ]
[ "Its food is found both on the ground and in trees and has almost all known types of plant and animal sources , like acorns and beech mast , weed seeds , grain , fruits and other berries , peanuts , bread , meat , small invertebrates of many types , scraps in town parks , bird-table food and rarely eggs and nestlin...
[ "The underside is off-white and the neck has a thin stripe with black which extends to the sides of the head .", "The underside is off-white and the neck is collared with black which extends to the sides of the head ." ]
[ "It has also been known to sound an `` alarm call '' when hawks or other dangers are near , and smaller birds often know this call and hide themselves away accordingly .", "It has also been known to sound an alarm call when hawks or other dangers are near , and smaller birds often recognize this call and hide the...
[ "The Blue Jay is a slow flier ( 32 â `` 40 km\\/h ( 20-25 mi\\/h ) when unprovoked ) and an easy prey for hawks and owls , when it flies in open lands .", "The Blue Jay is a moderately slow flier ( roughly 32 â `` 40 km\\/h ( 20-25 mi\\/h ) ) when unprovoked ) and therefore , easy prey for hawks and owls when fly...
[ "Blue Jays will use these calls to band together to mob predators such as hawks and drive them away from the jays ' nests .", "Blue Jays will use these calls to band together to mob potential predators such as hawks and drive them away from the jays ' nests ." ]
[ "Blue jays can learn to mimic human speech .", "Like other corvids , they may learn to mimic human speech ." ]

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