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In digital electronics, analogue electronics and entertainment, the user interface may include media controls or player controls, to enact and change or adjust the process of video playback, audio playback, and alike. These controls are commonly depicted as widely known symbols found in a multitude of products, exemplifying what is known as dominant design.
Symbols
Media control symbols are commonly found on both software and physical media players, remote controls, and multimedia keyboards | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The MineCam is a remote exploration camera built by I. A. Recordings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A network video recorder (NVR) is a specialized computer system that includes a software program that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD memory card or other mass storage device. An NVR contains no dedicated video capture hardware. However, the software is typically run on a dedicated device, usually with an embedded operating system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A portable DVD player is a mobile, battery powered DVD player in the format of a mobile device. Many recent players play files from USB flash drives and SD cards.
History
Portable DVD players were created in order to enhance the ability to watch DVDs away from home | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A progressive scan DVD player is a DVD player that can produce video in a progressive scan format such as 480p (NTSC) or 576p (PAL). Players which can output resolutions higher than 480p or 576p are often called upconverting DVD players.
Before HDTVs became common, players were sold which could produce 480p or 576p | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An RF modulator (or radio frequency modulator) is an electronic device used to convert signals from devices such as media players, VCRs and game consoles to a format that can be handled by a device designed to receive a modulated RF input, such as a radio or television receiver. Its input is a baseband signal, which is used to modulate a radio frequency source. RF modulators operate on different channels depending on the region and are commonly integrated into various home electronics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Spirit DataCine is a telecine and a motion picture film scanner. This device is able to transfer 16mm and 35mm motion picture film to NTSC or PAL television standards or one of many High-definition television standards. With the data transfer option a Spirit DataCine can output DPX data files | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Television standards conversion is the process of changing a television transmission or recording from one video system to another.
Converting video between different numbers of lines, frame rates, and color models in video pictures is a complex technical problem. However, the international exchange of television programming makes standards conversion necessary so that video may be viewed in another nation with a differing standard | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring used for communications in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility. Compared to a single conductor or an untwisted balanced pair, a twisted pair reduces electromagnetic radiation from the pair and crosstalk between neighbouring pairs and improves rejection of external electromagnetic interference. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A VCR/Blu-ray combo is a multiplex or converged device, convenient for consumers who wish to use both VHS tapes and the newer high-definition Blu-ray Disc technology. When Blu-ray Disc players went on the market in mid-2006, the final major Hollywood motion picture on VHS (David Cronenberg's A History of Violence) had already been released. Nonetheless, some homes still had a large supply of VHS tapes due to its nearly-30 year history as a consumer device | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A video projector is an image projector that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system. Video projectors use a very bright ultra-high-performance lamp (a special mercury arc lamp), Xenon arc lamp, LED or solid state blue, RB, RGB or remote fiber optic RGB lasers to provide the illumination required to project the image, and most modern ones can correct any curves, blurriness, and other inconsistencies through manual settings. If a blue laser is used, a phosphor wheel is used to turn blue light into white light, which is also the case with white LEDs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A video sculpture is a type of video installation that integrates video into an object, environment, site or performance. The nature of video sculpture is that it utilizes the material of video in an innovative way in space and time, different from the standard traditional narrative screening where the video has a beginning and end. In one definition video sculpture involves one or more monitors or projections that spectators move among or stand in front of | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A video standards converter is a video device that converts NTSC to PAL and/or PAL to NTSC.
The PAL TV signals may be transcoded to or from SECAM.
Video standards converters are primarily used so television shows can be viewed in nations with different video standards | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A video wall is a special multi-monitor setup that consists of multiple computer monitors, video projectors, or television sets tiled together contiguously or overlapped in order to form one large screen. Typical display technologies include LCD panels, Direct View LED arrays, blended projection screens, Laser Phosphor Displays, and rear projection cubes. Jumbotron technology was also previously used | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A videocassette recorder (VCR) or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other AV sources and can play back the recording after rewinding. The use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly referred to as timeshifting. VCRs can also play back prerecorded tapes, which were widely available for purchase and rental starting in the 80s and 90s | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A virtual telecine is a piece of video equipment that can play back data files in real time. The colorist-video operator controls the virtual telecine like a normal telecine, although without controls like focus and framing. The data files can be from a Spirit DataCine, motion picture film scanner (like a Cineon), CGI animation computer, or an Acquisition professional video camera | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Visteon Dockable Entertainment System (officially referred to as Dockable Entertainment featuring Game Boy Advance) is a portable DVD player created by Visteon in 2006 for the US market at an MSRP of $1299 USD. The player is notable for containing officially licensed Game Boy Advance hardware, as Visteon partnered with Nintendo to announce the product at CES 2006. Initially due out in April, the product was then delayed to May before finally launching in July of that year | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Ada Conformity Assessment Test Suite (ACATS) is the test suite used for Ada processor conformity testing. A prior test suite was known as the Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC).
ACVC era
The Ada Compiler Validation Capability test suite, commonly referred to as the ACVC tests, was the original test suite developed for the Ada language | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Monster Bash (called Graveyard during development) is a side-scrolling platform game developed and published by Apogee Software on 9 April 1993 for DOS. The game features 16-color EGA graphics and IMF AdLib compatible music. It was developed by Frank Maddin and Gerald Lindsly | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mortal Kombat Trilogy is a fighting game released by Midway in 1996 as the second and final update to Mortal Kombat 3 (the first being Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3) for the PlayStation, Nintendo 64, Sega Saturn and PCs. Further versions were also released for the Game. com and R-Zone | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Multiplayer BattleTech is a PC MMORPG BattleTech game developed by Kesmai and featured on the now defunct GEnie online gaming network.
Gameplay
It featured a text-based chat component for roleplaying, team development and battle planning and a 3D battle simulator component. The game engine was based on a heavily modified version of the original MechWarrior | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mutation of J. B. (in Slovak: Mutácia Johnyho Burgera) is a 1996 point-and-click adventure game by Slovak developer Invention | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NHL '94 is an ice hockey game by EA Sports for the Genesis, Super NES, and Sega CD, as well as the first release for the PC (DOS), simply titled "NHL Hockey", without the "94" in the title. The game is officially licensed from the National Hockey League and the NHL Players' Association, and was the first game in the series to have both combined licenses. Being the third game in the NHL series media franchise, it was released in October 1993 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Noctropolis is a 1994 MS-DOS third-person adventure game by Flashpoint Productions and published by Electronic Arts. In the game, the player assumes the role of the character Peter Grey, a lonely bookstore owner who winds up in the world of his favorite comic book. Grey soon discovers that he is destined to assume the role of his former comic book hero | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Obliterator is a side-scrolling arcade adventure computer game published by Psygnosis in 1988. It was released for Amiga, Atari ST, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, and MS-DOS. The game was programmed by David H | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
WordStar is a word processor application for microcomputers. It was published by MicroPro International and originally written for the CP/M-80 operating system, with later editions added for MS-DOS and other 16-bit PC OSes. Rob Barnaby was the sole author of the early versions of the program | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
XDarwin is an obsolete X Window System (X11) display server for the Darwin operating system and early versions of Mac OS X. XDarwin allows one to use programs written for X11 on those operating systems.
XDarwin was ported by the XonX project, an offshoot project created by XFree86 developers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
xMule (short for "X11 Mule") is a discontinued free client for the eDonkey peer-to-peer file sharing network intended to bring it to virtually all the major Unix platforms, with a particular emphasis on Linux.
xMule was coded in C++ using wxWidgets and released under GNU General Public License v2. xMule is a fork of lMule, itself a port of eMule | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Yudit is a Unicode text editor for the X Window System. It also support Linux and Macx86 64-bit as well as ARM 64-bit-v8. It was first released on 1997-11-08 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Command CICS or Command-CICS is a software product that allows organizations to migrate from "Macro level" CICS to "Command level" CICS without any re-programming so that companies could migrate to later versions of CICS that did not support macro level application programs. The later versions of CICS offered many advantages over previous versions yet tens of thousands of application programs were effectively locked out of the new version unless they were prepared to operate two completely different versions of CICS on the same Operating Systems, creating both operational and maintenance problems. Two different, simultaneous, CICS Licenses were also required | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, an emulator is hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the host) to behave like another computer system (called the guest). An emulator typically enables the host system to run software or use peripheral devices designed for the guest system.
Emulation refers to the ability of a computer program in an electronic device to emulate (or imitate) another program or device | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Amiga Disk File (ADF) is a file format used by Amiga computers and emulators to store images of floppy disks. It has been around almost as long as the Amiga itself, although it was not initially called by any particular name. Before it was known as ADF, it was used in commercial game production, backup and disk virtualization | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Binary Modular Dataflow Machine (BMDFM) is a software package that enables running an application in parallel on shared memory symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) computers using the multiple processors to speed up the execution of single applications. BMDFM automatically identifies and exploits parallelism due to the static and mainly dynamic scheduling of the dataflow instruction sequences derived from the formerly sequential program.
The BMDFM dynamic scheduling subsystem performs a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) emulation of a tagged-token dataflow machine to provide the transparent dataflow semantics for the applications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
EmuDX was the first publicly released emulator for playing genuine arcade games with remade graphics, music, and sound effects. Since the emulator used the actual ROM images, the game-play stayed true to the arcade original. The emulator was originally entitled PacDX, and emulated the Midway arcade version of Pac-Man | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A mobile simulator is a software application for a personal computer which creates a virtual machine version of a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, iPhone, other smartphone, or calculator, on the computer. This may sometimes also be termed an emulator.
The mobile simulator allows the user to use features and run applications on the virtual mobile on their computer as though it was the actual mobile device | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Android devices have the ability to run virtual machines or emulate other operating systems. It does this either via desktop virtualization, platform virtualization, or emulation via compatibility layer.
Desktop virtualization
Desktop virtualization apps are the least resource and space intensive compared to other virtualization types, since the Operating System that is being displayed on the Android device is actually located on another computer on the local network or elsewhere like on the internet | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SIMH is a free and open source, multi-platform multi-system emulator. It is maintained by Bob Supnik, a former DEC engineer and DEC vice president, and has been in development in one form or another since the 1960s.
Disambiguation
SIMH is also a Portuguese application for ICD-10-CM/PCS coding and DRG grouping
History
SIMH was based on a much older systems emulator called MIMIC, which was written in the late 1960s at Applied Data Research | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SPIM is a MIPS processor simulator, designed to run assembly language code for this architecture. The program simulates R2000 and R3000 processors, and was written by James R. Larus while a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In the 1950s and 1960s, computer operating software and compilers were delivered as a part of hardware purchases without separate fees. At the time, source code, the human-readable form of software, was generally distributed with the software providing the ability to fix bugs or add new functions. Universities were early adopters of computing technology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The project that became Firefox today began as an experimental branch of the Mozilla Suite called m/b (or mozilla/browser). Firefox retains the cross-platform nature of the original Mozilla browser, using the XUL user interface markup language. The use of XUL makes it possible to extend the browser's capabilities through the use of extensions and themes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Firefox was created by Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross as an experimental branch of the Mozilla browser, first released as Firefox 1. 0 on November 9, 2004. Starting with version 5 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
== FreeBSD 1 ==
Released in November 1993. 1. 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gobuntu was a short-lived official derivative of the Ubuntu operating system that was conceived to provide a distribution consisting entirely of free software. It was first released in October 2007.
Because Ubuntu now incorporates a "free software only" installer option, the Gobuntu project was rendered redundant in early 2008 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The history of Haiku, a free, open-source operating system, began in 2001. As of January 2016, as refactoring FLOSS effort of BeOS named initially "OpenBeOS". It used open sourced code of a Tracker file browser and NewOS kernel | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The History of the Berkeley Software Distribution begins in the 1970s.
1BSD (PDP-11)
The earliest distributions of Unix from Bell Labs in the 1970s included the source code to the operating system, allowing researchers at universities to modify and extend Unix. The operating system arrived at Berkeley in 1974, at the request of computer science professor Bob Fabry who had been on the program committee for the Symposium on Operating Systems Principles where Unix was first presented | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The history of the Mozilla Application Suite began with the release of the source code of the Netscape suite as an open source project. Going through years of hard work (with the help of the community contributors), Mozilla 1. 0 was eventually released on June 5, 2002 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mozilla Thunderbird was originally launched as Minotaur, shortly after Phoenix (the original name for Mozilla Firefox); the project failed to gain momentum. With the success of the Mozilla Firefox, however, demand increased for a mail client to go with it, and the work on Minotaur was revived under the new name of Thunderbird, and migrated to the new toolkit developed by the Firefox team.
Early beginnings: A simple email and news client
Significant work on Thunderbird restarted with the announcement that from version 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SRI International's Augmentation Research Center (ARC) was founded in the 1960s by electrical engineer Douglas Engelbart to develop and experiment with new tools and techniques for collaboration and information processing.
The main product to come out of ARC was the revolutionary oN-Line System, better known by its abbreviation, NLS. ARC is also known for the invention of the "computer mouse" pointing device, and its role in the early formation of the Internet | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Brain implants, often referred to as neural implants, are technological devices that connect directly to a biological subject's brain – usually placed on the surface of the brain, or attached to the brain's cortex. A common purpose of modern brain implants and the focus of much current research is establishing a biomedical prosthesis circumventing areas in the brain that have become dysfunctional after a stroke or other head injuries. This includes sensory substitution, e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A command-line interface (CLI) is a means of interacting with a device or computer program with commands from a user or client, and responses from the device or program, in the form of lines of text. Such access was first provided by computer terminals starting in the mid-1960s. This provided an interactive environment not available with punched cards or other input methods | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
There are various consumer brain–computer interfaces available for sale. [1] These are devices that generally use an electroencephalography (EEG) headset to pick up EEG signals, a processor that cleans up and amplifies the signals, and converts them into desired signals, and some kind of output device. As of 2012, EEG headsets ranged from simple dry single-contact devices to more elaborate 16-contact, wetted contacts, and output devices included toys like a tube containing a fan that blows harder or softer depending on how hard the user concentrates which in turn moved a ping-pong ball, video games, or a video display of the EEG signal | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A computer mouse (plural mice, also mouses) is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of the pointer (called a cursor) on a display, which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface of a computer.
The first public demonstration of a mouse controlling a computer system was in 1968 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that can be used for entering data into, and transcribing data from, a computer or a computing system. The teletype was an example of an early-day hard-copy terminal and predated the use of a computer screen by decades.
Early terminals were inexpensive devices but very slow compared to punched cards or paper tape for input, yet as the technology improved and video displays were introduced, terminals pushed these older forms of interaction from the industry | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Deep learning speech synthesis uses Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to produce
artificial speech from text (text-to-speech) or spectrum (vocoder).
The deep neural networks are trained using a large amount of recorded speech and, in the case of
a text-to-speech system, the associated labels and/or input text.
Some DNN-based speech synthesizers are approaching the naturalness of the human voice | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Docuverse is a global distributed electronic library of interconnected documents, in other words, a global metadocument. The term was coined by Ted Nelson in 1974, as a concept related to the Project Xanadu, and the World Wide Web later nominally fulfilled a subset of the aspects of Nelson's vision.
References
Further reading
Kaj Grønbæk; Randall H | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Electronic Document System (EDS) was an early hypertext system – also known as the Interactive Graphical Documents (IGD) hypermedia system – focused on creation of interactive documents such as equipment repair manuals or computer-aided instruction texts with embedded links and graphics. EDS was a 1978–1981 research project at Brown University by Steven Feiner, Sandor Nagy and Andries van Dam.
EDS used a dedicated Ramtech raster display and VAX-11/780 computer to create and navigate a network of graphic pages containing interactive graphic buttons | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The File Retrieval and Editing SyStem, or FRESS, was a hypertext system developed at Brown University starting in 1968 by Andries van Dam and his students, including Bob Wallace. It was the first hypertext system to run on readily available commercial hardware and OS. It is also possibly the first computer-based system to have had an "undo" feature for quickly correcting small editing or navigational mistakes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gesture recognition is a topic in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. It is a subdiscipline of computer vision. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state, but commonly originate from the face or hand | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The history of the graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, covers a five-decade span of incremental refinements, built on some constant core principles. Several vendors have created their own windowing systems based on independent code, but with basic elements in common that define the WIMP "window, icon, menu and pointing device" paradigm.
There have been important technological achievements, and enhancements to the general interaction in small steps over previous systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A virtual learning environment (VLE) is a system that creates an environment designed to facilitate teachers' management of educational courses for their students, especially a system using computer hardware and software, which involves distance learning. In North America, a virtual learning environment is often referred to as a "learning management system" (LMS).
Terminology
The terminology for systems which integrate and manage computer-based learning has changed over the years | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In the history of virtual learning environments, the 1990s was a time of growth, primarily due to the advent of the affordable computer and of the Internet.
1980s
1985
The Free Educational Mail (FrEdMail) network was created by San Diego educators, Al Rogers and Yvonne Marie Andres, in 1985. More than 150 schools and school districts were using the network for free international email access and curriculum services | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Hypertext Editing System, or HES, was an early hypertext research project conducted at Brown University in 1967 by Andries van Dam, Ted Nelson, and several Brown students. It was the first hypertext system available on commercial equipment that novices could use. HES organized data into two main types: links and branching text | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The history of releases of the Inform programming language for interactive fiction dates back to 1993. The Inform 6 compiler and Library have always been separately maintained and released.
The "N" series libraries are modified versions of the regular Inform 6 libraries with special support for Inform 7 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Intelligence amplification (IA) (also referred to as cognitive augmentation, machine augmented intelligence and enhanced intelligence) refers to the effective use of information technology in augmenting human intelligence. The idea was first proposed in the 1950s and 1960s by cybernetics and early computer pioneers.
IA is sometimes contrasted with AI (artificial intelligence), that is, the project of building a human-like intelligence in the form of an autonomous technological system such as a computer or robot | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
LDS-1 (Line Drawing System-1) was a calligraphic (vector, rather than raster) display processor and display device created by Evans & Sutherland. This model was known as the first graphics device with a graphics processing unit.
Features
It was controlled by a variety of host computers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
"Man-Computer Symbiosis" is the title of a work by J. C. R | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer science, an algorithm for matching wildcards (also known as globbing) is useful in comparing text strings that may contain wildcard syntax. Common uses of these algorithms include command-line interfaces, e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Memex is a hypothetical electromechanical device for interacting with microform documents and described in Vannevar Bush's 1945 article "As We May Think". Bush envisioned the memex as a device in which individuals would compress and store all of their books, records, and communications, "mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility". The individual was supposed to use the memex as an automatic personal filing system, making the memex "an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Multichannel Speaking Automaton (MUSA) was an early prototype of Speech Synthesis machine started in 1975.
Description
It consisted of a stand-alone computer hardware and a specialized software that implemented a diphone-synthesis technology. It was one of the first real-time TTS systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Mundaneum was an institution which aimed to gather together all the world's knowledge and classify it according to a system called the Universal Decimal Classification. It was developed at the turn of the 20th century by Belgian lawyers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. The Mundaneum has been identified as a milestone in the history of data collection and management, and (somewhat more tenuously) as a precursor to the Internet | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, a natural user interface (NUI) or natural interface is a user interface that is effectively invisible, and remains invisible as the user continuously learns increasingly complex interactions. The word "natural" is used because most computer interfaces use artificial control devices whose operation has to be learned. Examples include voice assistants, such as Alexa and Siri, touch and multitouch interactions on today's mobile phones and tablets, but also touch interfaces invisibly integrated into the textiles furnitures | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Neural Impulse Actuator (NIA) is a brain–computer interface (BCI) device developed by OCZ Technology. BCI devices attempt to move away from the classic input devices like keyboard and mouse and instead read electrical activity from the head, preferably the EEG. The name Neural Impulse Actuator implies that the signals originate from some neuronal activity; however, what is actually captured is a mixture of muscle, skin and nerve activity including sympathetic and parasympathetic components that have to be summarized as biopotentials rather than pure neural signals | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NLS, or the "oN-Line System", was a revolutionary computer collaboration system developed in the 1960s. Designed by Douglas Engelbart and implemented by researchers at the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), the NLS system was the first to employ the practical use of hypertext links, the mouse, raster-scan video monitors, information organized by relevance, screen windowing, presentation programs, and other modern computing concepts. It was funded by ARPA (the predecessor to Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), NASA, and the US Air Force | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The office of the future is a collection of ideas for redesigning the office. As technology and society have evolved, the definition of the office of the future has changed. Current concepts, dating from the 1940s, are now known as the "paperless office" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An optical mouse is a computer mouse which uses a light source, typically a light-emitting diode (LED), and a light detector, such as an array of photodiodes, to detect movement relative to a surface. Variations of the optical mouse have largely replaced the older mechanical mouse design, which uses moving parts to sense motion.
The earliest optical mice detected movement on pre-printed mousepad surfaces | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A paperless office (or paper-free office) is a work environment in which the use of paper is eliminated or greatly reduced. This is done by converting documents and other papers into digital form, a process known as digitization. Proponents claim that "going paperless" can save money, boost productivity, save space, make documentation and information sharing easier, keep personal information more secure, and help the environment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pilot is a single-user, multitasking operating system designed by Xerox PARC in early 1977. Pilot was written in the Mesa programming language, totalling about 24,000 lines of code.
Overview
Pilot was designed as a single user system in a highly networked environment of other Pilot systems, with interfaces designed for inter-process communication (IPC) across the network via the Pilot stream interface | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Abernathy Field Station is a 57-acre (230,000 m2) outdoor ecology classroom serving Washington & Jefferson College (W&J College). The facility, located 5 miles (8. 0 km) southeast from the campus in Washington, Pennsylvania, is home to several different ecosystems, including mixed deciduous forest, conifers, several springseeps, two perennial streams, wetlands, and a mowed field | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Allometric engineering is the process of experimentally shifting the scaling relationships, for body size or shape, in a population of organisms. More specifically, the process of experimentally breaking the tight covariance evident among component traits of a complex phenotype by altering the variance of one trait relative to another. Typically, body size is one of the two traits | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Allometry is the study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy, physiology and finally behaviour, first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form and by Julian Huxley in 1932.
Overview
Allometry is a well-known study, particularly in statistical shape analysis for its theoretical developments, as well as in biology for practical applications to the differential growth rates of the parts of a living organism's body. One application is in the study of various insect species (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Arctic ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in the arctic, the region north of the Arctic Circle (66 33’). This region is characterized by stressful conditions as a result of extreme cold, low precipitation, a limited growing season (50–90 days) and virtually no sunlight throughout the winter. The Arctic consists of taiga (or boreal forest) and tundra biomes, which also dominate very high elevations, even in the tropics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A BioBlitz, also written without capitals as bioblitz, is an intense period of biological surveying in an attempt to record all the living species within a designated area. Groups of scientists, naturalists, and volunteers conduct an intensive field study over a continuous time period (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
BioHome was a small facility created by NASA in the late 1980s that could support one person in a fully functional habitat. One of the influences on the project was the results from data obtained on the 1973 Skylab 3 (SL-3), where a total of 107 VOCs were offgassed by synthetic materials that composed the SL-3. However, the study of indoor air quality was not the only focus of the project, as it was a part of research into closed ecological life support systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Breeding back is a form of artificial selection by the deliberate selective breeding of domestic (but not exclusively) animals, in an attempt to achieve an animal breed with a phenotype that resembles a wild type ancestor, usually one that has gone extinct. Breeding back is not to be confused with dedomestication.
It must be kept in mind that a breeding-back breed may be very similar to the extinct wild type in phenotype, ecological niche, and to some extent genetics, but the gene pool of that wild type was different prior to its extinction | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chameleon ranching is the action of releasing chameleons into an area with the intent of establishing them and later collecting them to sell for a profit. This type of ranching has existed since the 1970s, but has become more widespread around the early 2000s. It is an example of people intentionally releasing a foreign species | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A chronosequence describes a set of ecological sites that share similar attributes but represent different ages. A common assumption in establishing chronosequences is that no other variable besides age (such as various abiotic components and biotic components) has changed between sites of interest. Because this assumption cannot always be tested for environmental study sites, the use of chronosequences in field successional studies has recently been debated | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Comoé National Park Research Station, located in the Comoé National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, was founded by Professor Karl Eduard Linsenmair in 1989/90.
The research station was forced to close after the outbreak of the First Ivorian Civil War in 2002. After the end of the Second Ivorian Civil War in 2011 repairs at the station began and in 2014 the station had achieved again its full working capacity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Daisyworld, a computer simulation, is a hypothetical world orbiting a star whose radiant energy is slowly increasing or decreasing. It is meant to mimic important elements of the Earth-Sun system. James Lovelock and Andrew Watson introduced it in a paper published in 1983 to illustrate the plausibility of the Gaia hypothesis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Earthpark is a proposed best-in-class educational facility with indoor rain forest and aquarium elements, and a mission of "inspiring generations to learn from the natural world. " It was previously called the Environmental Project.
Earthpark was to be located around Lake Red Rock, near the town of Pella, Iowa | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ecological anthropology is a sub-field of anthropology and is defined as the "study of cultural adaptations to environments". The sub-field is also defined as, "the study of relationships between a population of humans and their biophysical environment". The focus of its research concerns "how cultural beliefs and practices helped human populations adapt to their environments, and how people used elements of their culture to maintain their ecosystems" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms, especially at the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecotoxicology is a multidisciplinary field, which integrates toxicology and ecology.
The ultimate goal of ecotoxicology is to reveal and predict the effects of pollution within the context of all other environmental factors | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) is a method used by ecologists and plant biologists that raises the concentration of CO2 in a specified area and allows the response of plant growth to be measured. Experiments using FACE are required because most studies looking at the effect of elevated CO2 concentrations have been conducted in labs and where there are many missing factors including plant competition. Measuring the effect of elevated CO2 using FACE is a more natural way of estimating how plant growth will change in the future as the CO2 concentration rises in the atmosphere | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) is the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) core project responsible for understanding how global change will affect the abundance, diversity and productivity of marine populations. The programme was initiated by SCOR and the IOC of UNESCO in 1991, to understand how global change will affect the abundance, diversity and productivity of marine populations comprising a major component of oceanic ecosystems.
The aim of GLOBEC is to advance our understanding of the structure and functioning of the global ocean ecosystem, its major subsystems, and its response to physical forcing so that a capability can be developed to forecast the responses of the marine ecosystem to global change | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Boomerang Fu is a fighting game developed and published by Cranky Watermelon. The game was released for Windows, Nintendo Switch, and Xbox One on August 13, 2020. The game released for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 on January 13, 2022 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Borderlands: The Handsome Collection (later released as Borderlands Legendary Collection in 2020 for the Nintendo Switch) is a compilation of first-person shooter video games developed by Gearbox Software and published by 2K. The Handsome Collection consists of both Borderlands 2 and Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, along with all of their accompanying downloadable content, enhanced local multiplayer, and the ability to transfer save data from their respective PlayStation 3 (Both Borderlands 2 & Pre-Sequel)/Vita/PSVR and Xbox 360 versions. A port to the Nintendo Switch entitled Borderlands Legendary Collection was released in North America on May 29, 2020 along with the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions, which additionally includes the first Borderlands | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Brawlhalla is a free-to-play fighting game developed by Blue Mammoth Games. It was originally released for macOS, PlayStation 4 and Windows in 2017, with ports for Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, Android and iOS released later. Full cross-play is supported across all platforms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Breathedge is a survival game developed by Redruins Softworks and published by HypeTrain Digital. Players control a character stuck on an adrift spaceship.
Gameplay
The player controls an unnamed protagonist on an adrift spaceship carrying corpses | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Brigandine: The Legend of Runersia is a turn-based strategy game with tactical role-playing elements, developed by Matrix Software and published by Happinet. It is a sequel to the 1998 PlayStation game Brigandine: The Legend of Forsena, and features the same core gameplay with a new setting. The player chooses one of six nations of the continent of Runersia and must guide it to conquer the others and unify the land using powerful Rune Knights and their summoned monsters | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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