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Meitei input methods are the methods that allow users of computers (desktops, laptops and keyboards) to input texts in the Meitei script (Manipuri script), systematically for Meitei language (officially known as Manipuri language).
Unicode
The Unicode charts of Meetei Mayek script are found in the following PDFs:
https://unicode. org/charts/PDF/UABC0 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Text Services Framework (TSF) is a COM framework and API in Windows XP and later Windows operating systems that supports advanced text input and text processing. The Language Bar is the core user interface for Text Services Framework.
Overview
The Text Services Framework is designed to offer advanced language and word processing features to applications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
uim (short for "universal input method") is a multilingual input method framework. Applications can use it through so-called bridges.
Supported applications
uim supports the X Window System legacy XIM (short for X Input Method) through the uim-xim bridge | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Unicode input is the insertion of a specific Unicode character on a computer by a user; it is a common way to input characters not directly supported by a physical keyboard. Unicode characters can be produced either by selecting them from a display or by typing a certain sequence of keys on a physical keyboard. In addition, a character produced by one of these methods in one web page or document can be copied into another | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The CITRUS (Comprehensive I18N Framework Towards Respectable Unix Systems) project aims to implement a complete multilingual programming environment for BSD-based operating systems. The goals include the creation of the following things for FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, BSD/OS and DragonFly BSD:
An ISO C/SUS V2-compatible multilingual programming environment (locale/iconv support).
Development of an implementation of gettext and POSIX NLS catalog under the BSD license | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A decimal separator is a symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in decimal form (e. g. " | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The use of flag icons, particularly national flags, for languages is a common practice. Such icons have long been used on tourist attraction signage, and elsewhere in the tourism space, but have found wider use in website localization where UX limitations have become apparent.
Mixed flags
Sometimes the flags of international language communities, such as the Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries or the flag of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie can be used, but they are not as widely recognised as national flags | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An IETF BCP 47 language tag is a standardized code or tag that is used to identify human languages in the Internet (a language code). The tag structure has been standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in Best Current Practice (BCP) 47; the subtags are maintained by the IANA Language Subtag Registry. To distinguish language variants for countries, regions, or writing systems (scripts), IETF language tags combine subtags from other standards such as ISO 639, ISO 15924, ISO 3166-1 and UN M | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
International Components for Unicode (ICU) is an open-source project of mature C/C++ and Java libraries for Unicode support, software internationalization, and software globalization. ICU is widely portable to many operating systems and environments. It gives applications the same results on all platforms and between C, C++, and Java software | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) is a set of attributes and elements designed to provide internationalization and localization support in XML documents. The ITS specification identifies concepts (called "ITS data categories") which are important for internationalization and localization. It also defines implementation of these concepts through a set of elements and attributes grouped in the ITS namespace | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ISO 639 is a multi-part standard by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) concerned with representation of names for languages and language groups.
It currently consists of five parts (1-5); a part 6 was published but withdrawn.
It was first approved in 1967 as a single-part ISO Recommendation, ISO/R 639, superseded in 2002 by part 1 of the new series, ISO 639-1
Use of ISO 639 codes
The language codes defined in the several sections of ISO 639 are used for bibliographic purposes and, in computing and internet environments, as a key element of locale data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ISO 3166 is an ISO standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e. g. , provinces or states) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A language code is a code that assigns letters or numbers as identifiers or classifiers for languages. These codes may be used to organize library collections or presentations of data, to choose the correct localizations and translations in computing, and as a shorthand designation for longer forms of language names.
Difficulties of classification
Language code schemes attempt to classify the complex world of human languages, dialects, and variants | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, a locale is a set of parameters that defines the user's language, region and any special variant preferences that the user wants to see in their user interface. Usually a locale identifier consists of at least a language code and a country/region code.
Locale is an important aspect of i18n | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social localisation (or localization)
(from Latin locus (place) and the English term locale, "a place where something happens or is set") is, like language localization the second phase of a larger process of product and service translation and cultural adaptation (for specific countries, regions or groups) to account for differences in distinct markets and societies, a process known as internationalization and localization.
Objectives
The main objective of social localisation is the promotion of a demand, rather than a supply-driven approach to localization. It is based on the recognition that it is no longer exclusively the corporations who control the global conversation, but the communities | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Segmentation Rules eXchange or SRX is an XML-based standard that was maintained by Localization Industry Standards Association, until it became insolvent in 2011, and then by the Globalization and Localization Association (GALA). SRX provides a common way to describe how to segment text for translation and other language-related processes. It was created when it was realized that TMX was less useful than expected in certain instances due to differences in how tools segment text | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
XLIFF (XML Localization Interchange File Format) is an XML-based bitext format created to standardize the way localizable data are passed between and among tools during a localization process and a common format for CAT tool exchange. The XLIFF Technical Committee (TC) first convened at OASIS in December 2001 (first meeting in January 2002), but the first fully ratified version of XLIFF appeared as XLIFF Version 1. 2 in February 2008 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, a blacklist, disallowlist, blocklist, or denylist is a basic access control mechanism that allows through all elements (email addresses, users, passwords, URLs, IP addresses, domain names, file hashes, etc. ), except those explicitly mentioned. Those items on the list are denied access | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In software design, the blinking twelve problem is when features in software or computer systems are rendered unusable to most users by the complexity of the interface to them.
The usage emanates from the 'clock' feature provided on many VCRs manufactured in the late 1980s or early 1990s. The clock could be set by using a combination of buttons provided on the VCR in a specific sequence that was found complicated by most users | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In amateur radio and computing, a boat anchor or boatanchor is something obsolete, useless, and cumbersome – so-called because metaphorically its only productive use is to be thrown into the water as a boat mooring. Terms such as brick, doorstop, and paperweight are similar.
Amateur radio
In amateur radio, a boat anchor or boatanchor is an old piece of radio equipment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bogon filtering is the practice of filtering bogons, which are bogus (fake) IP addresses of a computer network. Bogons include IP packets on the public Internet that contain addresses that are not in any range allocated or delegated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) or a delegated regional Internet registry (RIR) and allowed for public Internet use. The areas of unallocated address space are called the bogon space | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Boilerplate text, or simply boilerplate, is any written text (copy) that can be reused in new contexts or applications without significant changes to the original. The term is used about statements, contracts, and computer code, and is often used in the media pejoratively to refer to cliché or unoriginal writing.
Etymology
"Boiler plate" originally referred to the rolled steel used to make boilers to heat water | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A brick (or bricked device) is a mobile device, game console, router, computer or other consumer electronic device that is no longer functional due to corrupted firmware, a hardware problem, or other damage. The term analogizes the device to a brick's modern technological usefulness.
Cause and prevention
Bricking a device is most often a result of interrupting an attempt to update the device | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In the technology industry, buzzword compliant is a tongue-in-cheek expression used to suggest that a particular product supports features simply because they are currently fashionable. Buzzword compliance is a modern version of the old practice of being checkbox compliant, ensuring that a product has all the features listed in product reviews. Since many of the decision-makers regarding technology purchases may only be semi-literate technically, the use of buzzwords makes a product sound more valuable | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In information technology, a Christmas tree packet is a packet with every single option set for whatever protocol is in use.
Background
The term derives from a fanciful image of each little option bit in a header being represented by a different-colored light bulb, all turned on, as in "the packet was lit up like a Christmas tree". It can also be known as a kamikaze packet, nastygram, or lamp test segment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, a crash, or system crash, occurs when a computer program such as a software application or an operating system stops functioning properly and exits. On some operating systems or individual applications, a crash reporting service will report the crash and any details relating to it (or give the user the option to do so), usually to the developer(s) of the application. If the program is a critical part of the operating system, the entire system may crash or hang, often resulting in a kernel panic or fatal system error | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Data degradation is the gradual corruption of computer data due to an accumulation of non-critical failures in a data storage device. The phenomenon is also known as data decay, data rot or bit rot.
Example
Below are several digital images illustrating data degradation, all consisting of 326,272 bits | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fear, uncertainty and doubt (often shortened to FUD) is a manipulative propaganda tactic used in sales, marketing, public relations, politics, polling and cults. FUD is generally a strategy to influence perception by disseminating negative and dubious or false information, and is a manifestation of the appeal to fear.
Definition
The term "fear, uncertainty and doubt" appeared as far back as the 1920s, whereas the similar formulation "doubts, fears and uncertainties" reaches back to 1693 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A flag day, as used in system administration, is a change which requires a complete restart or conversion of a sizable body of software or data. The change is large and expensive, and—in the event of failure—similarly difficult and expensive to reverse. The situation may arise if there are limitations on backward compatibility and forward compatibility among system components, which then requires that updates be performed almost simultaneously (during a "flag day cutover") for the system to function after the upgrade | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer science, garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) is the concept that flawed, or nonsense (garbage) input data produces nonsense output. Rubbish in, rubbish out (RIRO) is an alternate wording. The principle applies to all logical argumentation: soundness implies validity, but validity does not imply soundness | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Flashing refers to thin pieces of impervious material installed to prevent the passage of water into a structure from a joint or as part of a weather resistant barrier system. In modern buildings, flashing is intended to decrease water penetration at objects such as chimneys, vent pipes, walls, windows and door openings to make buildings more durable and to reduce indoor mold problems. Metal flashing materials include lead, aluminium, copper, stainless steel, zinc alloy, and other materials | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A floating floor is a floor that does not need to be nailed or glued to the subfloor. The term floating floor refers to the installation method, but is often used synonymously with laminate flooring. It is applied now to other coverings such as floating tile systems and vinyl flooring in a domestic context | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle. Floors vary from simple dirt in a cave to many layered surfaces made with modern technology. Floors may be stone, wood, bamboo, metal or any other material that can support the expected load | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Foam glass is a porous glass foam material. Its advantages as a building material include its light weight, high strength, and thermal and acoustic insulating properties. It is made by heating a mixture of crushed or granulated glass and a blowing agent (chemical foaming agent) such as carbon or limestone | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A foaming agent is a material such as a surfactant or a blowing agent that facilitates the formation of foam. A surfactant, when present in small amounts, reduces surface tension of a liquid (reduces the work needed to create the foam) or increases its colloidal stability by inhibiting coalescence of bubbles. A blowing agent is a gas that forms the gaseous part of the foam | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Formwork is molds into which concrete or similar materials are either precast or cast-in-place. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering molds. In specialty applications formwork may be permanently incorporated into the final structure, adding insulation or helping reinforce the finished structure | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In construction, furring (furring strips) are strips of wood or other material applied to a structure to level or raise the surface, to prevent dampness, to make space for insulation, to level and resurface ceilings or walls, or to increase the beam of a wooden ship. Furring refers to the process of installing the strips and to the strips themselves. Firring is a U | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Geofoam is expanded polystyrene (EPS) or extruded polystyrene (XPS) manufactured into large lightweight blocks. The blocks vary in size but are often 2 m × 0. 75 m × 0 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A geomembrane is very low permeability synthetic membrane liner or barrier used with any geotechnical engineering related material so as to control fluid (liquid or gas) migration in a human-made project, structure, or system. Geomembranes are made from relatively thin continuous polymeric sheets, but they can also be made from the impregnation of geotextiles with asphalt, elastomer or polymer sprays, or as multilayered bitumen geocomposites. Continuous polymer sheet geomembranes are, by far, the most common | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Geopolymers are inorganic, typically ceramic, alumino-silicate forming long-range, covalently bonded, non-crystalline (amorphous) networks. Obsidian (volcanic glass) fragments are a component of some geopolymer blends. Commercially produced geopolymers may be used for fire- and heat-resistant coatings and adhesives, medicinal applications, high-temperature ceramics, new binders for fire-resistant fiber composites, toxic and radioactive waste encapsulation and new cements for concrete | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Geopolymer cement is a binding system that hardens at room temperature. It is a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional Portland cement. It relies on minimally processed natural materials or industrial byproducts to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of cement production, while also being highly resistant to many common concrete durability issues | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain. Typically made from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in two basic forms: woven (resembling mail bag sacking) and nonwoven (resembling felt).
Geotextile composites have been introduced and products such as geogrids and meshes have been developed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals is a transparent, open standard for assessing chemical hazard that supports alternatives assessment for toxics use reduction through identifying chemicals of concern and safer alternatives. It is used by researchers, product formulators and certifiers in a variety of industries, including building products, textiles, apparel, and consumer products.
The GreenScreen prioritizes the avoidance of substances with a high hazard as a carcinogen, mutagen, reproductive toxicant or developmental toxicant or endocrine disruptor or that are a persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substance (PBT) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ground reinforcement is a reinforcing element placed on a flat surface in order to increase accessibility for vehicles and ensure proper rainwater drainage in addition to protection. The reinforcing element, usually in the form of grids, is used beneath grass, asphalt, concrete in roads, parking lots, driveways and paths.
Materials
The materials used for ground reinforcement include iron, plywood and recycled plastic Recycled plastic possesses the desirable properties of water resistance and recycling opportunities, in addition to the sustainability | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Grout is a dense fluid that hardens to fill gaps or used as reinforcement in existing structures. Grout is generally a mixture of water, cement, and sand, and is employed in pressure grouting, embedding rebar in masonry walls, connecting sections of precast concrete, filling voids, and sealing joints such as those between tiles. Common uses for grout in the household include filling in tiles of shower floors and kitchen tiles | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gypsum block is a massive lightweight building material composed of solid gypsum, for building and erecting lightweight, fire-resistant, non-load bearing interior walls, partition walls, cavity walls, skin walls, and pillar casing indoors. Gypsum blocks are composed of gypsum, plaster, water and in some cases additives like vegetable or wood fiber for greater strength. Partition walls, made from gypsum blocks, require no sub-structure for erection and gypsum adhesive is used as bonding agent, not standard mortar | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The term hard landscape is used by practitioners of landscape architecture and garden design to describe the construction materials which are used to improve a landscape by design. The corresponding term soft landscape materials is used to describe vegetative materials such as plants, grasses, shrubs, trees, etc. to improve landscape or outdoor space | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Harling is a rough-cast wall finish consisting of lime and aggregate, known for its rough texture. Many castles and other buildings in Scotland and Ulster have walls finished with harling. It is also used on contemporary buildings, where it protects against the wet Scottish and Ulster climates and eliminates the need for paint | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hempcrete or hemplime is biocomposite material, a mixture of hemp hurds (shives) and lime, sand, or pozzolans, which is used as a material for construction and insulation. It is marketed under names like Hempcrete, Canobiote, Canosmose, Isochanvre and IsoHemp. Hempcrete is easier to work with than traditional lime mixes and acts as an insulator and moisture regulator | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A hollow core slab, also known as a voided slab, hollow core plank or simply a concrete plank is a precast slab of prestressed concrete typically used in the construction of floors in multi-story apartment buildings. The slab has been especially popular in countries where the emphasis of home construction has been on precast concrete, including Northern Europe and former socialist countries of Eastern Europe. Precast concrete popularity is linked with low-seismic zones and more economical constructions because of fast building assembly, lower self weight (less material), etc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Housewrap (or house wrap), also known by the genericized trademark homewrap (or home wrap), generally denotes a modern synthetic material used to protect buildings. Housewrap functions as a weather-resistant barrier, preventing rain or other forms of moisture from getting into the wall assembly while allowing water vapor to pass to the exterior. If moisture from either direction is allowed to build up within stud or cavity walls, mold and rot can set in and fiberglass or cellulose insulation will lose its R-value due to heat-conducting moisture | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hydraulic lime (HL) is a general term for calcium oxide, a variety of lime also called quicklime, that sets by hydration. This contrasts with calcium hydroxide, also called slaked lime or air lime that is used to make lime mortar, the other common type of lime mortar, which sets by carbonation (re-absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air). Hydraulic lime provides a faster initial set and higher compressive strength than air lime, and hydraulic lime will set in more extreme conditions, including under water | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An engineered wood joist, more commonly known as an I-joist, is a product designed to eliminate problems that occur with conventional wood joists. Invented in 1969, the I-joist is an engineered wood product that has great strength in relation to its size and weight. The biggest notable difference from dimensional lumber is that the I-joist carries heavy loads with less lumber than a dimensional solid wood joist | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Insulated siding is home siding that includes rigid foam insulation, fused behind the exterior surface of the wall, for the purpose of reducing energy consumption, increasing the insulation value of the wall system and improving the stability and appearance of the siding. Currently, insulated siding is commercially available as a type of vinyl siding.
Usage
Insulated siding is exterior cladding that features a rigid foam backing secured to vinyl siding, or placed behind the siding during installation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Insulating concrete form or insulated concrete form (ICF) is a system of formwork for reinforced concrete usually made with a rigid thermal insulation that stays in place as a permanent interior and exterior substrate for walls, floors, and roofs. The forms are interlocking modular units that are dry-stacked (without mortar) and filled with concrete. The units lock together somewhat like Lego bricks and create a form for the structural walls or floors of a building | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (from Latin ferrum 'iron') and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, just ahead of oxygen (32 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Joint compound (also known as drywall compound, drywall mud, joint cement or mastic) is a white powder of primarily gypsum dust mixed with water to form a paste the consistency of cake frosting, which is spread onto drywall and sanded after dry to create a seamless base for paint on walls and ceilings. When used for new walls, joint compound effectively eliminates blemishes from the surface of drywall, such as fasteners, damage, or drywall tape. Joint compound is used to finish gypsum panel joints filled with paper or fiber joint tape, corner bead, trim and fasteners, and to skim coat | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lamination paper is a paper used for laminates. Normally on particle or fiberboards giving a good-looking and resistant surface for use as furniture, decoration panels and flooring. Paper laminations are also used in packaging | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Larssen sheet piling is a kind of sheet piling retaining wall. Segments with indented profiles (troughs) interlock to form a wall with alternating indents and outdents. The troughs increase resistance to bending | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Laterite is both a soil and a rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content. They develop by intensive and prolonged weathering of the underlying parent rock, usually when there are conditions of high temperatures and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A lath or slat is a thin, narrow strip of straight-grained wood used under roof shingles or tiles, on lath and plaster walls and ceilings to hold plaster, and in lattice and trellis work. Lath has expanded to mean any type of backing material for plaster. This includes metal wire mesh or expanded metal that is applied to a wood or metal framework as matrix over which stucco or plaster is applied, as well as wallboard products called gypsum or rock lath | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lime is an inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides, usually calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide. It is also the name for calcium oxide which occurs as a product of coal-seam fires and in altered limestone xenoliths in volcanic ejecta. The International Mineralogical Association recognizes lime as a mineral with the chemical formula of CaO | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lime plaster is a type of plaster composed of sand, water, and lime, usually non-hydraulic hydrated lime (also known as slaked lime, high calcium lime or air lime). Ancient lime plaster often contained horse hair for reinforcement and pozzolan additives to reduce the working time.
Traditional non-hydraulic hydrated lime only sets through carbonatation when the plaster is kept moist and access of CO2 from the air is possible | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Magnesium oxide, more commonly called magnesia, is a versatile mineral that when used as part of a cement mixture and cast into thin cement panels under proper curing procedures and practices can be used in residential and commercial building construction. Some versions are suitable for a wide range of general building uses and for applications that require fire resistance, mold and mildew control, as well as sound control applications and many other benefits. Magnesia board has strength and resistance due to very strong bonds between magnesium and oxygen atoms that form magnesium oxide crystals (with the chemical formula MgO) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Marmorino Veneziano is a type of plaster or stucco. It is based on calcium oxide and used for interior and exterior wall decorations. Marmorino plaster can be finished via multiple techniques for a variety of matte, satin, and glossy final effects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Martensitic stainless steel is a type of stainless steel alloy that has a martensite crystal structure. It can be hardened and tempered through aging and heat treatment. The other main types of stainless steel are austenitic, ferritic, duplex, and precipitation hardened | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Masonry veneer walls consist of a single non-structural external layer of masonry, typically made of brick, stone or manufactured stone. Masonry veneer can have an air space behind it and is technically called "anchored veneer". A masonry veneer attached directly to the backing is called "adhered veneer" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Materiality in architecture is a concept or the applied use of various materials or substances in the medium of building. This concept was previously regarded as a secondary consideration in architecture but recently emerged as an important element due to advances in digital fabrication and digital science. The concept plays an important role in architectural practice, which is actualized through the body and senses of an architect interacting with his physical work environment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mathematical tiles are tiles which were used extensively as a building material in the southeastern counties of England—especially East Sussex and Kent—in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They were laid on the exterior of timber-framed buildings as an alternative to brickwork, which their appearance closely resembled. A distinctive black variety with a glazed surface was used on many buildings in Brighton (now part of the city of Brighton and Hove) from about 1760 onwards, and is considered a characteristic feature of the town's early architecture | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde (also shortened to melamine) is a resin with melamine rings terminated with multiple hydroxyl groups derived from formaldehyde. This thermosetting plastic material is made from melamine and formaldehyde. In its butylated form, it is dissolved in n-butanol and xylene | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A mesh is a barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible or ductile materials. A mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many attached or woven strands.
Types
A plastic mesh may be extruded, oriented, expanded, woven or tubular | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A metal roof is a roofing system featuring metal pieces or tiles exhibiting corrosion resistance, impermeability to water, and long life. It is a component of the building envelope. The metal pieces may be a covering on a structural, non-waterproof roof, or they could be self-supporting sheets | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Millwork is historically any wood mill produced decorative materials used in building construction. Stock profiled and patterned millwork building components fabricated by milling at a planing mill can usually be installed with minimal alteration. Today, millwork may encompass items that are made using alternatives to wood, including synthetics, plastics, and wood-adhesive composites | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Monel is a group of alloys of nickel (from 52 to 67%) and copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Monel is not a cupronickel alloy because it has less than 60% copper.
Stronger than pure nickel, Monel alloys are resistant to corrosion by many aggressive agents, including rapidly flowing seawater | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mundic was used from the 1690s to describe a copper ore that began to be smelted at Bristol and elsewhere in southwestern Britain. Smelting was carried out in cupolas, that is reverberatory furnaces using mineral coal. For more details, see copper extraction | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Non-shrink grout is a hydraulic cement grout that, when hardened under stipulated test conditions, does not shrink, so its final volume is greater than or equal to the original installed volume. It is often used as a transfer medium between load-bearing members.
Testing
Test standards used to designate a grout as non-shrink include, but are not limited to:
C1090-01(2005)e1 Standard Test Method for Measuring Changes in Height of Cylindrical Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement GroutASTM C 1107
Typical characteristics
Often sets rapidly
Usually a pre-mix product that needs only to be mixed with [water]
Includes ingredients to compensate against cement stone shrinkage
Use of shrinkage-compensating ingredients can result in volume increase over time | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Palandomus invented in 1919 by architect Mario Palanti, consists of a cement block of 18x18x36cm made with the vibration system, to serve as the cellular element of construction, being designed with a particular shape "hermaphrodite", which allows placement in any sense, without the constraints of location if not horizontal. In fact the thin ledge, ribs protrusion allow to leave the walls without plaster, but at the same time, ensure the maximum bonding of the elements. The Palandomus is sufficient to withstand up to safety limit of 70 meters in elevation, allowing, without special precautions, the installation of jack arch to openings doors and windows and of dry archivolt | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Paver base is a form of aggregate used in the construction of patios and walkways whose topmost layer consists of mortarless (or "dry-laid") pavers. The first layer in the construction of such a surface is called the subgrade—this is the layer of native material underneath the intended surface. It is usually compacted and stabilized | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Permeable paving surfaces are made of either a porous material that enables stormwater to flow through it or nonporous blocks spaced so that water can flow between the gaps. Permeable paving can also include a variety of surfacing techniques for roads, parking lots, and pedestrian walkways. Permeable pavement surfaces may be composed of; pervious concrete, porous asphalt, paving stones, or interlocking pavers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous pavement) is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge.
Pervious concrete is made using large aggregates with little to no fine aggregates. The concrete paste then coats the aggregates and allows water to pass through the concrete slab | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A plank is timber that is flat, elongated, and rectangular with parallel faces that are higher and longer than wide. Used primarily in carpentry, planks are critical in the construction of ships, houses, bridges, and many other structures. Planks also serve as supports to form shelves and tables | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English, "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. The term stucco refers to plasterwork that is worked in some way to produce relief decoration, rather than flat surfaces | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Porcelain tiles or ceramic tiles are porcelain or ceramic tiles commonly used to cover floors and walls, with a water absorption rate of less than 0. 5 percent. The clay used to build porcelain tiles is generally denser | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin, and is usually made from limestone. It is a fine powder, produced by heating limestone and clay minerals in a kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding 2 to 3 percent of gypsum | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction. It is substantially "prestressed" (compressed) during production, in a manner that strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. : 3–5 This compression is produced by the tensioning of high-strength "tendons" located within or adjacent to the concrete and is done to improve the performance of the concrete in service | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PVC decking is composed entirely of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and contains no wood. PVC decking is a more expensive option in the decking industry, but it provides significant fade and stain resistance and lower maintenance requirements compared to other products.
History
PVC decking was introduced to the market around 2005 and continues to be a contender as a top deck building material | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Quadruple glazing (quadruple-pane insulating glazing) is a type of insulated glazing comprising four glass panes, commonly equipped with low emissivity coating and insulating gases in the cavities between the glass panes. Quadruple glazing is a subset of multipane (multilayer) glazing systems. Multipane glazing with up to six panes is commercially available | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
QuietRock is a brand of constrained-layer damped gypsum panels manufactured in Newark, California, by PABCO Gypsum. QuietRock was developed in 2003 by Kevin Surace and Brandon D. Tinianov, the first sound-reducing gypsum wallboard panel for use in the building construction industry | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according to each specific job requirement, then delivered to the job site "ready to use". There are two types with the first being the barrel truck or in–transit mixers. This type of truck delivers concrete in a plastic state to the site | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Rebar (short for reinforcing bar), known when massed as reinforcing steel or reinforcement steel, is a steel bar used as a tension device in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and aid the concrete under tension. Concrete is strong under compression, but has low tensile strength. Rebar significantly increases the tensile strength of the structure | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A rebar spacer is a device that secures the reinforcing steel or "rebar" in reinforced concrete structures as the rebar is assembled in place before the final concrete pour. The spacers are left in place for the pour to keep the reinforcing in place. After the pour, the spacers become a part of the structure | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Orleans is a cross-platform software framework for building scalable and robust distributed interactive applications based on the . NET Framework or on the more recent . NET | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ProcDump is a command-line application used for monitoring an application for CPU spikes and creating crash dumps during a spike. The crash dumps can then be used by an administrator or software developer to determine the cause of the spike. ProcDump supports monitoring of hung windows and unhandled exceptions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
System Policy Editor is a graphical tool provided with Windows 95, Windows NT 4. 0, and Windows 98. System policies are made up from a set of registry entries that control the computer resources available to a user or group of users | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Adaptive partition schedulers are a relatively new type of partition scheduler, which in turn is a kind of scheduling algorithm, pioneered with the most recent version of the QNX operating system. Adaptive partitioning, or AP, allows the real-time system designer to request that a percentage of processing resources be reserved for a particular partition (group of threads and/or processes making up a subsystem). The operating system's priority-driven pre-emptive scheduler will behave in the same way that a non-AP system would until the system is overloaded (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ancient UNIX is any early release of the Unix code base prior to Unix System III, particularly the Research Unix releases prior to and including Version 7 (the base for UNIX/32V as well as later developments of AT&T Unix).
After the publication of the Lions' book, work was undertaken to release earlier versions of the codebase. SCO first released the code under a limited educational license | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Architecture Neutral Distribution Format (ANDF) in computing is a technology allowing common "shrink wrapped" binary application programs to be distributed for use on conformant Unix systems, translated to run on different underlying hardware platforms. ANDF was defined by the Open Software Foundation and was expected to be a "truly revolutionary technology that will significantly advance the cause of portability and open systems", but it was never widely adopted.
As with other OSF offerings, ANDF was specified through an open selection process | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
as is a generic command name for an assembler on Unix.
Implementations
More than one assembler for Unix and Unix-like operating systems has been implemented with an executable called as. Users may be able to determine which implementation (if any) is present on their system by consulting the system's manuals, or by running as --version | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AUDIX (AUDio Information EXchange) is a voicemail server intended to be used with a Lucent/Avaya private branch exchange (PBX). AUDIX features many integrations with Avaya PBXes, such as capturing the extension of the calling party and announcing that person's name (if they're also an AUDIX subscriber and have recorded their name on the system) when announcing the attributes of a message, automatic identification of subscribers when they are dialing in to retrieve their messages, and activating and deactivating message-waiting indicators. It can also serve as a recording device | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In Unix computing, Blackbox is a free and open-source stacking window manager for the X Window System. Blackbox has specific design goals, and some functionality is provided only through other applications. One example is the bbkeys hotkey application | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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