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A post in ground construction, also called earthfast or hole-set posts, is a type of construction in which vertical, roof-bearing timbers, called posts, are in direct contact with the ground. They may be placed into excavated postholes, driven into the ground, or on sills which are set on the ground without a foundation. Earthfast construction is common from the Neolithic period to the present and is used worldwide
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The Ufer ground is an electrical earth grounding method developed during World War II. It uses a concrete-encased electrode to improve grounding in dry areas. The technique is used in construction of concrete foundations
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In construction or renovation, underpinning is the process of strengthening the foundation of an existing building or other structure. Underpinning may be necessary for a variety of reasons:
The original foundation isn't strong or stable enough.
The usage of the structure has changed
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Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture.
Theoretically, the stress ahead of a sharp crack tip becomes infinite and cannot be used to describe the state around a crack
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The alkali–silica reaction (ASR), more commonly known as concrete cancer, is a deleterious swelling reaction that occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and the reactive amorphous (i. e. , non-crystalline) silica found in many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture
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Barsoum elements is a finite element analysis technique used in fracture analysis to determine the stress intensity factor of a crack. It was introduced by R. Barsoum in 1976
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Bulging factor is an engineering term describing the geometry of out-of plane deformations of the surface of a crack on a pressurized fuselage structure. It is used in evaluating the damage tolerance of airframe fuselages. The single curved geometry and pressure differential causes a longitudinal crack to bulge out or protrude from the original shape
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A cascade chart is tool that can be used in damage tolerance analysis to determine the proper inspection interval, based on reliability analysis, considering all the context uncertainties. The chart is called a "cascade chart" because the scatter of data points and downward curvature resembles a waterfall or cascade. This name was first introduced by Dr
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In materials science, the Charpy impact test, also known as the Charpy V-notch test, is a standardized high strain rate test which determines the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture. Absorbed energy is a measure of the material's notch toughness. It is widely used in industry, since it is easy to prepare and conduct and results can be obtained quickly and cheaply
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The cohesive zone model (CZM) is a model in fracture mechanics where fracture formation is regarded as a gradual phenomenon and separation of the crack surfaces takes place across an extended crack tip, or cohesive zone, and is resisted by cohesive tractions.
The origin of this model can be traced back to the early sixties by Dugdale (1960) and Barenblatt (1962) to represent nonlinear processes located at the front of a pre-existent crack.
Description
The major advantages of the CZM over the conventional methods in fracture mechanics like those including LEFM (Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics), CTOD (Crack Tip open Displacement) are:
It is able to adequately predict the behaviour of uncracked structures, including those with blunt notches
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A compact tension specimen (CT) is a type of standard notched specimen in accordance with ASTM and ISO standards. Compact tension specimens are used extensively in the area of fracture mechanics and corrosion testing, in order to establish fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth data for a material.
The purpose of using a notched sample is to create a fatigue crack by applying cyclic loading through pins inserted into the holes on the sample using a laboratory fatigue test machine
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Concrete fracture analysis is part of fracture mechanics that studies crack propagation and related failure modes in concrete. As it is widely used in construction, fracture analysis and modes of reinforcement are an important part of the study of concrete, and different concretes are characterized in part by their fracture properties. Common fractures include the cone-shaped fractures that form around anchors under tensile strength
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Corrosion fatigue is fatigue in a corrosive environment. It is the mechanical degradation of a material under the joint action of corrosion and cyclic loading. Nearly all engineering structures experience some form of alternating stress, and are exposed to harmful environments during their service life
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A crack arrestor (otherwise known as a rip-stop doubler) is a structural engineering device. Being typically shaped into ring or strip, and composed of a strong material, it serves to contain stress corrosion cracking or fatigue cracking, helping to prevent the catastrophic failure of a device.
The crack arrestor can be as simple as a thickened region of metal, or may be constructed of a laminated or woven material that can be designed to withstand deformation without failure
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Crack closure is a phenomenon in fatigue loading, where the opposing faces of a crack remain in contact even with an external load acting on the material. As the load is increased, a critical value will be reached at which time the crack becomes open. Crack closure occurs from the presence of material propping open the crack faces and can arise from many sources including plastic deformation or phase transformation during crack propagation, corrosion of crack surfaces, presence of fluids in the crack, or roughness at cracked surfaces
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A crack growth equation is used for calculating the size of a fatigue crack growing from cyclic loads. The growth of fatigue cracks can result in catastrophic failure, particularly in the case of aircraft. A crack growth equation can be used to ensure safety, both in the design phase and during operation, by predicting the size of cracks
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Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) or
δ
t
{\displaystyle \delta _{\text{t}}}
is the distance between the opposite faces of a crack tip at the 90° intercept position. The position behind the crack tip at which the distance is measured is arbitrary but commonly used is the point where two 45° lines, starting at the crack tip, intersect the crack faces. The parameter is used in fracture mechanics to characterize the loading on a crack and can be related to other crack tip loading parameters such as the stress intensity factor
K
{\displaystyle K}
and the elastic-plastic J-integral
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Critical plane analysis refers to the analysis of stresses or strains as they are experienced by a particular plane in a material, as well as the identification of which plane is likely to experience the most extreme damage. Critical plane analysis is widely used in engineering to account for the effects of cyclic, multiaxial load histories on the fatigue life of materials and structures. When a structure is under cyclic multiaxial loading, it is necessary to use multiaxial fatigue criteria that account for the multiaxial loading
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Crocodile cracking, also called alligator cracking and perhaps misleadingly fatigue cracking, is a common type of distress in asphalt pavement. The following is more closely related to fatigue cracking which is characterized by interconnecting or interlaced cracking in the asphalt layer resembling the hide of a crocodile. Cell sizes can vary in size up to 300 millimetres (12 in) across, but are typically less than 150 millimetres (5
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In engineering, damage tolerance is a property of a structure relating to its ability to sustain defects safely until repair can be effected. The approach to engineering design to account for damage tolerance is based on the assumption that flaws can exist in any structure and such flaws propagate with usage. This approach is commonly used in aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering to manage the extension of cracks in structure through the application of the principles of fracture mechanics
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Enamel tufts are hypomineralized ribbon-like structures that run longitudinally to the tooth axis and extend from the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) one fifth to a third into the enamel. They are called ‘‘tufts’’ due to their wavy look within the enamel microstructure. Biomechanically, enamel tufts are ‘‘closed cracks’’ or defects which, in their manner of propagating, act to prevent enamel fractures
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In fracture mechanics, the energy release rate,
G
{\displaystyle G}
, is the rate at which energy is transformed as a material undergoes fracture. Mathematically, the energy release rate is expressed as the decrease in total potential energy per increase in fracture surface area, and is thus expressed in terms of energy per unit area. Various energy balances can be constructed relating the energy released during fracture to the energy of the resulting new surface, as well as other dissipative processes such as plasticity and heat generation
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In materials science, environmental stress fracture or environment assisted fracture is the generic name given to premature failure under the influence of tensile stresses and harmful environments of materials such as metals and alloys, composites, plastics and ceramics.
Metals and alloys exhibit phenomena such as stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, liquid metal embrittlement and corrosion fatigue all coming under this category. Environments such as moist air, sea water and corrosive liquids and gases cause environmental stress fracture
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The Faber-Evans model for crack deflection, is a fracture mechanics-based approach to predict the increase in toughness in two-phase ceramic materials due to crack deflection. The effect is named after Katherine Faber and her mentor, Anthony G. Evans, who introduced the model in 1983
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Fastran is a computer program for calculating the rate of fatigue crack growth by combining crack growth equations and a simulation of the plasticity at the crack tip.
Fastran models accelerations and retardation and other variable amplitude loading effects in crack growth using a crack closure model. The program uses a strip yield model of the crack tip that was first proposed by D
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In materials science, fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading. Once a fatigue crack has initiated, it grows a small amount with each loading cycle, typically producing striations on some parts of the fracture surface. The crack will continue to grow until it reaches a critical size, which occurs when the stress intensity factor of the crack exceeds the fracture toughness of the material, producing rapid propagation and typically complete fracture of the structure
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The fatigue limit or endurance limit is the stress level below which an infinite number of loading cycles can be applied to a material without causing fatigue failure. Some metals such as ferrous alloys and titanium alloys have a distinct limit, whereas others such as aluminium and copper do not and will eventually fail even from small stress amplitudes. Where materials do not have a distinct limit the term fatigue strength or endurance strength is used and is defined as the maximum value of completely reversed bending stress that a material can withstand for a specified number of cycles without a fatigue failure
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Fatigue of welded joints can occur when poorly made or highly stressed welded joints are subjected to cyclic loading. Welding is a manufacturing method used to join various materials in order to form an assembly. During welding, joints are formed between two or more separate pieces of material which can introduce defects or residual stresses
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A MEX file is a type of computer file that provides an interface between MATLAB or Octave and functions written in C, C++ or Fortran. It stands for "MATLAB executable".
When compiled, MEX files are dynamically loaded and allow external functions to be invoked from within MATLAB or Octave as if they were built-in functions
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MoarVM (Metamodel On A Runtime Virtual Machine) is a virtual machine built for the 6model object system. It is being built to serve as yet another VM backend for Raku. MoarVM was created to allow for greater efficiency than Parrot by having a closer internal representation to the model system used by Raku
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The MOD Ontology is the name given to the upper ontology intended to support the UK Ministry of Defence's Enterprise Architecture Programme, specifically MODAF. The ontology project is at an early stage and is being led by DG-Info (ICAD).
The current plan as of March 2008 is to investigate potential applications for ontology in the MOD
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The modulated complex lapped transform (MCLT) is a lapped transform, similar to the modified discrete cosine transform, that explicitly represents the phase (complex values) of the signal.
References
H. Malvar, "A Modulated Complex Lapped Transform And Its Applications to Audio Processing"
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The MC68451 is a Motorola (now Freescale) Memory Management Unit (MMU), which was primarily used in conjunction with the Motorola MC68010 microprocessor.
The MC68451 supported a 16 MB address space and provided a MC68000 or a MC68010 with support for memory management and protection of memory against unauthorized access. The block size was variable, so it was usually used for segment-based memory management
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Motorola Single Board Computers is Motorola's production line of computer boards for embedded systems. There are three different lines : mvme68k, mvmeppc and mvme88k. The first version of the board appeared in 1988
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MPEG Common Encryption (abbreviated MPEG-CENC) refers to a set of two MPEG standards governing different container formats:
for ISOBMFF, Common encryption in ISO base media file format files (ISO/IEC 23001-7:2016)
for MPEG-TS, Common encryption of MPEG-2 transport streams (ISO/IEC 23001-9:2016)The specifications are compatible, so that conversion between the encrypted formats can happen without re-encryption.
They define metadata, specific to each format, about which parts of the stream are encrypted and by which encryption scheme. Each encryption scheme may have different methods to retrieve the decryption key
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Multi-adjoint logic programming defines syntax and semantics of a logic programming program in such a way that the underlying maths justifying the results are a residuated lattice and/or MV-algebra.
The definition of a multi-adjoint logic program is given, as usual in fuzzy logic programming, as a set of weighted rules and facts of a given formal language F. Notice that we are allowed to use different implications in our rules
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A multifunction display (MFD) is a small-screen (CRT or LCD) surrounded by multiple soft keys (configurable buttons) that can be used to display information to the user in numerous configurable ways. MFDs originated in aviation, first in military aircraft, and later were adopted by commercial aircraft, general aviation, automotive use, and shipboard use.
MFDs in aviation
Often, an MFD will be used in concert with a primary flight display (PFD), and forms a component of a glass cockpit
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The MultiProcessor Specification (MPS) for the x86 architecture is an open standard describing enhancements to both operating systems and firmware, which will allow them to work with x86-compatible processors in a multi-processor configuration. MPS covers Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) architectures.
Version 1
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In computer systems, name resolution refers to the retrieval of the underlying numeric values corresponding to computer hostnames, account user names, group names, and other named entities.
Computer operating systems commonly employ multiple key/value lists that associate easily remembered names with the integer numbers used to identify users, groups, other computers, hardware devices, and other entities. In that context, name resolution refers to the retrieval of numeric values given the associated names, while Reverse name resolution refers to the opposite process of finding the name(s) associated with specified numeric values:
In computer networking, it refers to processes used to obtain the assigned IP addresses needed to communicate with devices whose host or domain names are known
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National Computer Camps are computer camps for children and teens founded in 1977 by Dr. Michael Zabinski. There are locations at Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut, where Dr
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NLnet Labs is a network research laboratory founded in Amsterdam in 1999 by the board members of NLnet. They develop DNS-related software, such as NSD, Unbound, OpenDNSSEC and getDNS.
History
The roots of NLnet Labs have their origins in the NLnet Foundation
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NMS-8250, (NMS is short for "New Media Systems") was a professional MSX2 home computer for the high end market, with two built in floppy disk drives in a "pizza box" configuration, released in 1986. The machine was in fact manufactured by Sanyo and it is basically the MPC-25FS with a different color.
It featured professional video output possibilities, such as SCART for a better picture quality, and a detachable keyboard
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ObjectARX (AutoCAD Runtime eXtension) is an API for customizing and extending AutoCAD. The ObjectARX SDK is published by Autodesk and freely available under license from Autodesk. The ObjectARX SDK consists primarily of C++ headers and libraries that can be used to build Windows DLLs that can be loaded into the AutoCAD process and interact directly with the AutoCAD application
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OLAC, the Open Language Archives Community, is an initiative to create a unified means of searching online databases of language resources for linguistic research. The information about resources is stored in XML format for easy searching. OLAC was founded in 2000, and is hosted at the Linguistic Data Consortium webserver at the University of Pennsylvania
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The Open Computing Facility is an ASUC
chartered program at the University of California, Berkeley, first founded in
1989. The OCF is an all-volunteer, student-run, student-initiated service group
dedicated to free computing for the greater academic community of the
University of California, Berkeley. Its stated mission is to
provide an environment where no member of Berkeley's campus community
is denied the computer resources he or she seeks, and to appeal to all
members of the Berkeley campus community with unsatisfied computing
needs and to provide a place for those interested in computing to
fully explore that interest
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The Open Database License (ODbL) is a copyleft license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use a database while maintaining this same freedom for others. ODbL is published by Open Data Commons, which is part of Open Knowledge Foundation. The ODbL was created with the goal of allowing users to share their data freely without worrying about problems relating to copyright or ownership
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The Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) was published by the Global Grid Forum (GGF) as a proposed recommendation in June 2003. It was intended to provide an infrastructure layer for the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). OGSI takes the statelessness issues (along with others) into account by essentially extending Web services to accommodate grid computing resources that are both transient and stateful
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In computing, open implementation platforms are systems where the implementation is accessible. Open implementation allows developers of a program to alter pieces of the underlying software to fit their specific needs. With this technique it is far easier to write general tools, though it makes the programs themselves more complex to design and use
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Open Media Format (OMF), Open Media Framework, or Open Media Framework Interchange (OMFI), or is a platform-independent file format intended for transfer of digital media between different software applications. OMFI is a file format that aids in exchange of digital media across applications and platforms. This framework enables users to import media elements, edit information and effects summary
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In computing, an open platform describes a software system which is based on open standards, such as published and fully documented external application programming interfaces (API) that allow using the software to function in other ways than the original programmer intended, without requiring modification of the source code. Using these interfaces, a third party could integrate with the platform to add functionality. The opposite is a closed platform
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Open-Architecture-System (OAS) is the main User interface and synthesizer software of the Wersi keyboard line. OAS improves on prior organ interfaces by allowing the user to add sounds, rhythms, third party programs and future software enhancements without changing hardware. Compared to previous organs which relied on buttons, OAS uses a touch screen to make programming easier
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OpenJMS is one of the major providers of Java Message Service API, which implements Sun Microsystems' Java Message Service API 1. 1 Specification. The current release is OpenJMS 0
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OpenLR is a royalty-free open standard for "procedures and formats for the encoding, transmission, and decoding of local data irrespective of the map" developed by TomTom.
The format allows locations localised on one map to be found on another map to which the data have been transferred. OpenLR requires that the coordinates are specified in the WGS 84 format and that route links are given in metres
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OS/4 is a discontinued operating system, introduced in 1972, from UNIVAC for their 9400, 9480, and 9700 computer systems. It is an enhanced version of UNIVAC's 9400 Disc Operating System. OS/4 is a disc-resident system requiring 64 KB of main memory, two disc drives, a punched-card reader and a printer
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OS/7 is a discontinued operating system from Sperry Univac for its 90/60 and 90/70 computer systems. The system was first announced in November 1971 for Univac's 9700 system and was originally scheduled for delivery in March 1973. However, the delivery slipped by nearly a year, which impacted the 9700 marketing effort
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Out-of-band activity is activity outside a defined telecommunications frequency band, or, metaphorically, outside of any primary communication channel. Protection from falsing is among its purposes.
Examples
General usage
Out-of-band agreement, an agreement or understanding between the communicating parties that is not included in any message sent over the channel but which is relevant for the interpretation of such messages
More broadly, communication by any channel other than the primary channel can be considered "out-of-band"
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OVN (Open Virtual Network) is a system to support virtual network abstraction. OVN complements the existing capabilities of Open vSwitch to add native support for virtual network abstractions, such as virtual L2 and L3 overlays and security groups.
Overview
OVN is a network virtualization platform that separates the physical network topology from the logical one
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The "-P Convention" or "P Question" refers to the act of making a statement into a question by appending "P. " When spoken aloud, the "P" is literally pronounced as a separate syllable "Pee. "
This practice originated among users of the Lisp programming language, in which there is
the convention of appending the letter "P" on elements to denote a predicate (a yes or no question)
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Pack200, specified in JSR 200 (J2SE 1. 5), deprecated in JEP 336 (Java SE 11) and removed in JEP 367 (Java SE 14), is a compacting archive format developed by Sun, capable of reducing JAR file sizes by up to a factor of 9, with a factor of 3 to 4 seen in practice. Pack200 is optimized for compressing JAR archive files, specifically the Java bytecode portion of the JAR files
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The page attribute table (PAT) is a processor supplementary capability extension to the page table format of certain x86 and x86-64 microprocessors. Like memory type range registers (MTRRs), they allow for fine-grained control over how areas of memory are cached, and are a companion feature to the MTRRs. Unlike MTRRs, which provide the ability to manipulate the behavior of caching for a limited number of fixed physical address ranges, Page Attribute Tables allow for such behavior to be specified on a per-page basis, greatly increasing the ability of the operating system to select the most efficient behavior for any given task
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Parallel I/O, in the context of a computer, means the performance of multiple input/output operations at the same time, for instance simultaneously outputs to storage devices and display devices. It is a fundamental feature of operating systems. One particular instance is parallel writing of data to disk; when file data is spread across multiple disks, for example in a RAID array, one can store multiple parts of the data at the same time, thereby achieving higher write speeds than with a single device
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Parametron is a logic circuit element invented by Eiichi Goto in 1954. The parametron is essentially a resonant circuit with a nonlinear reactive element which oscillates at half the driving frequency. The oscillation can be made to represent a binary digit by the choice between two stationary phases π radians (180 degrees) apart
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PAST is a large-scale, distributed, persistent storage system based on the Pastry peer-to-peer overlay network.
See also
Pastry (DHT) (PAST section)
External links
A. Rowstron and P
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The NEC PC-6600 Series were a lineup of personal computers produced by the NEC Corporation in 1985. They were essentially a PC-6001 MK2 with a built-in 3. 5" floppy disk drive
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Perceptual Audio Coder (PAC) is a lossy audio compression algorithm. It is used by Sirius Satellite Radio for their digital audio radio service.
Development
The original version of PAC developed by James Johnston and Anibal Ferreira at AT&T's Bell Labs has a flexible format and bitrate
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In computing, a peripheral bus is a computer bus designed to support computer peripherals like printers and hard drives. The term is generally used to refer to systems that offer support for a wide variety of devices, like Universal Serial Bus, as opposed to those that are dedicated to specific types of hardware. Serial AT Attachment, or SATA is designed and optimized for communication with mass storage devices
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A Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA) is a peripheral integrated circuit providing parallel I/O interfacing for microprocessor systems.
Description
Common PIAs include the Motorola MC6820 and MC6821, and the MOS Technology MCS6520, all of which are functionally identical but have slightly different electrical characteristics. The PIA is most commonly packaged in a 40 pin DIP package
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Submerging a mobile phone or smartphone or other mobile device which has suffered from water damage into rice has not been shown to be effective in repairing them. Although submerging these devices into a desiccant may or may not be more effective than leaving them to dry in open air, uncooked rice is inferior to other common desiccants such as silica gel or cat litter. Despite what has been said, it is not recommended as the starch and particles from the rice can get lodged inside the phones inner parts
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In computing. Physical-to-Virtual ("P2V" or "p-to-v") involves the process of decoupling and migrating a physical server's operating system (OS), applications, and data from that physical server to a virtual-machine guest hosted on a virtualized platform.
Methods of P2V migration
Manual P2V
User manually creates a virtual machine in a virtual host environment and copies all the files from OS, applications and data from the source machine
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The term PLOKTA (sometimes rendered in lowercase, plokta) /plok't*/ is an acronym for Press Lots Of Keys To Abort, and essentially means pressing random keys in an attempt to get some response from a (computer) system.
One might plokta when the abort procedure for a program is not known, or when trying to figure out if the system is just sluggish or really hung. Plokta can also be used while trying to figure out any unknown key sequence for a particular operation
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PODi, the Digital Printing Initiative is an organization that helps set strategic direction in the digital print industry.
Membership – PODi members are industry leaders representing all facets of the digital printing ecosystem, including print and marketing service providers, enterprise marketers and manufacturers of software and hardware systems. PODi helps members integrate powerful digital technologies into their marketing, IT and management strategies
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Point-in-time recovery (PITR) in the context of computers involves systems, often databases, whereby an administrator can restore or recover a set of data or a particular setting from a time in the past. Note for example Windows XP's capability to restore operating-system settings from a past date (for instance, before data corruption occurred). Time Machine for Mac OS X provides another example of point-in-time recovery
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Polygons are used in computer graphics to compose images that are three-dimensional in appearance. Usually (but not always) triangular, polygons arise when an object's surface is modeled, vertices are selected, and the object is rendered in a wire frame model. This is quicker to display than a shaded model; thus the polygons are a stage in computer animation
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In computers and technology, a postmaster is the administrator of a mail server. Nearly every domain should have the e-mail address postmaster@example. com where errors in e-mail processing are directed
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PowerPlant is an object-oriented GUI toolkit, application framework and set of class libraries for the Classic Mac OS, created by Metrowerks. The framework was fairly popular during the late (OS versions 8 and 9) Classic Mac OS era, and was primarily used with CodeWarrior. It was designed to work with a GUI editor called Constructor, which was primarily a resource editor specializing in UI elements
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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In computing, a print job is a file or set of files that has been submitted to be printed with a printer.
Jobs are typically identified by a unique number, and are assigned to a particular destination, usually a printer. Jobs can also have options associated with them such as media size, number of copies and priority
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Printer cable refers to the cable that carries data between a computer and a printer.
There are many different types of cables, for example:
Serial: RS-232, EIA-422
Parallel
FireWire
USBParallel port printers have been slowly phased out, and are now difficult to find for the most part, being considered as an obsolete legacy port on most new computers. Those who have printers and scanners with only parallel port may still be able to connect the devices via the use of USB adapters a
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Problem management is the process responsible for managing the lifecycle of all problems that happen or could happen in an IT service. The primary objectives of problem management are to prevent problems and resulting incidents from happening, to eliminate recurring incidents, and to minimize the impact of incidents that cannot be prevented. ITIL defines a problem as the cause of one or more incidents
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Product of experts (PoE) is a machine learning technique. It models a probability distribution by combining the output from several simpler distributions.
It was proposed by Geoffrey Hinton, along with an algorithm for training the parameters of such a system
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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A program is a set of instructions used to control the behavior of a machine. Examples of such programs include:
The sequence of cards used by a Jacquard loom to produce a given pattern within weaved cloth. Invented in 1801, it used holes in punched cards to represent sewing loom arm movements in order to generate decorative patterns automatically
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Programmer art refers to temporary assets added by the programmer to test functionality.
When creating the graphics, speed is a priority and aesthetics are secondary (if they are given any consideration at all). In fact, programmer art might be intentionally bad, to draw attention to the fact that the graphics are merely placeholders and should not be shipped with the final product
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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proteins@home was a volunteer computing project that used the BOINC architecture. The project was run by the Department of Biology at École Polytechnique. The project began on December 28, 2006 and ended in June 2008
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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The Psion Wavefinder was a computer peripheral for receiving digital audio broadcasting radio signals, made by Psion. It attached via USB to a personal computer, and had no loudspeakers or controls of its own, with only a flashing light on the device. Psion hoped it would become a design classic
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Purple Ocean was a bulletin board system founded in June 1984. The Purple Ocean BBS was best known for its numerous gaming features including numerous different versions and scenarios of Trade Wars 1000, 2000, and 2002. At the high point of its visibility, over 100 different Trade Wars universes were operated simultaneously with thousands of players logging on each day
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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The QAMA Calculator is a calculator that requires users to provide a reasonable estimate of the answer before the precise answer is delivered. QAMA stands for Quick Approximate Mental Arithmetic.
Invented by Ilan Samson, it aims to get users to think first by estimating before they get the correct answer
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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A Redundant Array of Inexpensive Servers (RAIS) or Redundant Array of Independent Nodes (RAIN) is the use of multiple servers to maintain service if one server fails. This is similar in concept to how RAID turns a cluster of ordinary disks into a single block device. RAIS was designed to provide the benefits of a symmetric multiprocessor system (SMP) at the entry cost of computer clusters
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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In computing, the term raw disk, often referred to as raw, is used to refer to hard disk access at a raw, binary level, beneath the file system level, and using partition data at the MBR.
A notable example is in the context of platform virtualization, and a feature of certain virtualization software is the ability to access a hard disk at the raw level. Virtualization software may typically function via the usage of a virtual drive format like OVF, but some users may want the virtualization software to be able to run an operating system that has been installed on another disk or disk partition
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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A reference card or reference sheet (or quick reference card) or crib sheet is a concise bundling of condensed notes about a specific topic, such as mathematical formulas to calculate area/volume, or common syntactic rules and idioms of a particular computer platform, application program, or formal language. It serves as an ad hoc memory aid for an experienced user. In spite of what the name reference card may suggest, such as a 3x5 index card (8 cm × 13 cm), the term also applies to sheets of paper or online pages, as in the context of programming languages or markup languages
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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In computer algebra, a regular semi-algebraic system is a particular kind of triangular system of multivariate polynomials over a real closed field.
Introduction
Regular chains and triangular decompositions are fundamental and well-developed tools for describing the complex solutions of polynomial systems. The notion of a regular semi-algebraic system is an adaptation of the concept of a regular chain focusing on solutions of the real analogue: semi-algebraic systems
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Jean-Daniel Nicoud (born 31 August 1938), is a Swiss computer scientist, noted for inventing of a computer mouse with an optical encoder and the CALM (Common Assembly Language for microprocessors). He obtained a degree in physics at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in 1963. Around 1965, he became interested in logical systems
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Old Red Cracker (abbreviated +ORC) is an anonymous reverser. He was one of the pioneers of publishing cracking lessons on the Internet. While his identity is unknown, reverse engineer Fravia had email correspondence with him and spread his tutorials
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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John Clifford Shaw (February 23, 1922 – February 9, 1991) was a systems programmer at the RAND Corporation. He is a coauthor of the first artificial intelligence program, the Logic Theorist, and was one of the developers of General Problem Solver (universal problem solver machine) and Information Processing Language (a programming language of the 1950s). It is considered the true "father" of the JOSS language
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Pramod Viswanath is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Princeton University. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for contributions to the theory and practice of wireless communications.
Viswanath received his bachelor's degree from National Institute of Technology Karnataka and Ph
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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AddToAny is a universal sharing platform that can be integrated into a website by use of a web widget or plugin. Once installed, visitors to the website can share or save an item using a variety of services. AddToAny makes money by selling anonymous aggregate sharing data to advertisers
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Belnet (the Belgian National research and education network) is a Belgian internet provider for educational institutions, research centres, scientific institutes and government services. Since 1993, BELNET provides web services to higher education, federal departments and ministries, and international organisations. Since 2001, Belnet provides IPv6 connectivity and multicast access to its customers
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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BloggerCon was a user-focused conference for the blogger community that ran between 2003 and 2006. BloggerCon I (October 2003) and II (April 2004), were organized by Dave Winer and friends at Harvard Law School's Berkman Center for the Internet and Society in Cambridge, Massachusetts BloggerCon III took place in San Francisco in June 2006. According to the Online Journalism Review, "BloggerCon has lots of cooks, but the chief chef is technologist Dave Winer, co-founder of RSS and the patient zero of blogging
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Breakroom Live with Maron & Seder was an hourlong webcast that aired weekdays at 3 p. m. Eastern
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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The Browser Object Model (BOM) is a browser-specific convention referring to all the objects exposed by the web browser. Unlike the Document Object Model, there is no standard for implementation and no strict definition, so browser vendors are free to implement the BOM in any way they wish. That which we see as a window displaying a document, the browser program sees as a hierarchical collection of objects
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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The Cache Array Routing Protocol (CARP) is used in load-balancing HTTP requests across multiple proxy cache servers. It works by generating a hash for each URL requested. A different hash is generated for each URL and by splitting the hash namespace into equal parts (or unequal parts if uneven load is intended) the overall number of requests can be distributed to multiple servers
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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jOrgan is a Java-based MIDI processor. It is free software for complex transmitting and dynamical modifying of MIDI messages on their way between MIDI encoders and MIDI decoders, through an own MIDI Programming Language MPL. It can be used as Virtual Pipe Organ (virtual organ console)
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