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Photoanalysis (or photo analysis) refers to the study of pictures to compile various types of data, for example, to measure the size distribution of virtually anything that can be captured by photo. Photoanalysis technology has changed the way mines and mills quantify fragmented material.
Images are a good way to document conditions before, after, and even during blasting activities | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In a scientific study, post hoc analysis (from Latin post hoc, "after this") consists of statistical analyses that were specified after the data were seen. They are usually used to uncover specific differences between three or more group means when an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is significant. This typically creates a multiple testing problem because each potential analysis is effectively a statistical test | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In statistics, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is a data analysis based on set theory to examine the relationship of conditions to outcome. QCA describes the relationship in terms of necessary conditions and sufficient conditions. The technique was originally developed by Charles Ragin in 1987 to study data sets that are too small for linear regression analysis but large for cross-case analysis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
For data analysis, Random mapping (RM) is a fast dimensionality reduction method categorized as feature extraction method. The RM consists in generation of a random matrix that is multiplied by each original vector and result in a reduced vector. When the data vectors are high-dimensional it is computationally infeasible to use data analysis or pattern recognition algorithms which repeatedly compute similarities or distances in the original data space | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Real-time data (RTD) is information that is delivered immediately after collection. There is no delay in the timeliness of the information provided. Real-time data is often used for navigation or tracking | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Semblance analysis is a process used in the refinement and study of seismic data. The use of this technique along with other methods makes it possible to greatly increase the resolution of the data despite the presence of background noise. The new data received following the semblance analysis is usually easier to interpret when trying to deduce the underground structure of an area | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In social sciences, sequence analysis (SA) is concerned with the analysis of sets of categorical sequences that typically describe longitudinal data. Analyzed sequences are encoded representations of, for example, individual life trajectories such as family formation, school to work transitions, working careers, but they may also describe daily or weekly time use or represent the evolution of observed or self-reported health, of political behaviors, or the development stages of organizations. Such sequences are chronologically ordered unlike words or DNA sequences for example | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Single-particle trajectories (SPTs) consist of a collection of successive discrete points causal in time. These trajectories are acquired from images in experimental data. In the context of cell biology, the trajectories are obtained by the transient activation by a laser of small dyes attached to a moving molecule | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In topological data analysis, a subdivision bifiltration is a collection of filtered simplicial complexes, typically built upon a set of data points in a metric space, that captures shape and density information about the underlying data set. The subdivision bifiltration relies on a natural filtration of the barycentric subdivision of a simplicial complex by flags of minimum dimension, which encodes density information about the metric space upon which the complex is built. The subdivision bifiltration was first introduced by Donald Sheehy in 2011 as part of his doctoral thesis (later subsumed by a conference paper in 2012) as a discrete model of the multicover bifiltration, a continuous construction whose underlying framework dates back to the 1970s | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Symbolic data analysis (SDA) is an extension of standard data analysis where symbolic data tables are used as input and symbolic objects are made output as a result. The data units are called symbolic since they are more complex than standard ones, as they not only contain values or categories, but also include internal variation and structure. SDA is based on four spaces: the space of individuals, the space of concepts, the space of descriptions, and the space of symbolic objects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The IEEE Task Force on Process Mining (TFPM) is a non-commercial association for process mining. The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Task Force on Process Mining was established in October 2009 as part of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society at the Eindhoven University of Technology. The task force is supported by over 80 organizations and has around 750 members | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In applied mathematics, topological data analysis (TDA) is an approach to the analysis of datasets using techniques from topology. Extraction of information from datasets that are high-dimensional, incomplete and noisy is generally challenging. TDA provides a general framework to analyze such data in a manner that is insensitive to the particular metric chosen and provides dimensionality reduction and robustness to noise | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Twyman's law states that "Any figure that looks interesting or different is usually wrong", following the principle that "the more unusual or interesting the data, the more likely they are to have been the result of an error of one kind or another". It is named after the media and market researcher Tony Twyman and has been described as one of the most important laws of data analysis. The law is based on the fact that errors in data measurement and analysis can lead to observed quantities that are wildly different from typical values | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Unicity (
ε
p
{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{p}}
) is a risk metric for measuring the re-identifiability of high-dimensional anonymous data. First introduced in 2013, unicity is measured by the number of points p needed to uniquely identify an individual in a data set. The fewer points needed, the more unique the traces are and the easier they would be to re-identify using outside information | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In topological data analysis, the Vietoris-Rips filtration (sometimes shortened to "Rips filtration") is the collection of nested Vietoris-Rips complexes on a metric space created by taking the sequence of Vietoris-Rips complexes over an increasing scale parameter. Often, the Vietoris-Rips filtration is used to create a discrete, simplicial model on point cloud data embedded in an ambient metric space. The Vietoris-Rips filtration is a multiscale extension of the Vietoris-Rips complex that enables researchers to detect and track the persistence of topological features, over a range of parameters, by way of computing the persistent homology of the entire filtration | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Visual inspection is a common method of quality control, data acquisition, and data analysis.
Visual Inspection, used in maintenance of facilities, mean inspection of equipment and structures using either or all of raw human senses such as vision, hearing, touch and smell and/or any non-specialized inspection equipment.
Inspections requiring Ultrasonic, X-Ray equipment, Infra-red, etc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Corporate surveillance describes the practice of businesses monitoring and extracting information from their users, clients, or staff. This information may consist of online browsing history, email correspondence, phone calls, location data, and other private details. Acts of corporate surveillance frequently look to boost results, detect potential security problems, or adjust advertising strategies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Business Intelligence 2. 0 (BI 2. 0) is a development of the existing business intelligence model that began in the mid-2000s, where data can be obtained from many sources | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A Business Intelligence Competency Center (BICC) is a cross-functional organizational team that has defined tasks, roles, responsibilities and processes for supporting and promoting the effective use of Business Intelligence (BI) across an organization. Since 2001, the BICC concept has been further refined through practical implementations in organizations that have implemented BI and analytical software.
In practice, the term "BICC" is not well integrated into the nomenclature of business or public sector organizations and there are a large degree of variances in the organizational design for BICCs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In business intelligence, data classification has close ties to data clustering, but where data clustering is descriptive, data classification is predictive. In essence data classification consists of using variables with known values to predict the unknown or future values of other variables. It can be used in e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The future map is a method for building scenarios based on the collection of anticipated events.
The concept is based on the idea that a group of people who integrate the partial visions of its members into a common, shared, discussed, large enough, collection of anticipated events it can eventually reveal its own "shared future".
Because the FutureMap methodology is dynamic and implemented on a wiki-platform the Future projected by the group is constantly under revision | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Government performance management (GPM) consists of a set of processes that help government organizations optimize their business performance. It provides a framework for organizing, automating, and analyzing business methodologies, metrics, processes and systems that drive business performance. Some commentators see GPM as the next generation of business intelligence (BI) for governments | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An intelligence engine is a type of enterprise information management that combines business rule management, predictive, and prescriptive analytics to form a unified information access platform that provides real-time intelligence through search technologies, dashboards and/or existing business infrastructure. Intelligence Engines are process and/or business problem specific, resulting in industry and/or function-specific marketing trademarks associated with them. They can be differentiated from enterprise resource planning (ERP) software in that intelligence engines include organization-level business rules and proactive decision management functionality | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Master data management (MDM) is a technology-enabled discipline in which business and information technology work together to ensure the uniformity, accuracy, stewardship, semantic consistency and accountability of the enterprise's official shared master data assets.
Drivers for master data management
Organisations, or groups of organisations, may establish the need for master data management when they hold more than one copy of data about a business entity. Holding more than one copy of this master data inherently means that there is an inefficiency in maintaining a "single version of the truth" across all copies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Meteorological intelligence is information measured, gathered, compiled, exploited, analyzed and disseminated by meteorologists, climatologists and hydrologists to characterize the current state and/or predict the future state of the atmosphere at a given location and time. Meteorological intelligence is a subset of environmental intelligence and is synonymous with the term weather intelligence.
The earliest known use of the term "meteorological intelligence" in a written document dates to 1854 on pg | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The metrics reference model (MRM) is the reference model created by the Consortium for Advanced Management-International (CAM-I) to be a single reference library of performance metrics. This library is useful for accelerating to development of and improving the content of any organization's business intelligence solution.
Background
The MRM was created by the Business Intelligence Working Group of CAM-I | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mobile Business Intelligence (Mobile BI or Mobile Intelligence) is defined as “Mobile BI is a system comprising both technical and organizational elements that present historical and/or real-time information to its users for analysis on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets (not laptops), to enable effective decision-making and management support, for the overall purpose of increasing firm performance. ” (Peters et al. , 2016) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Online video analytics (also known as Web video analytics) is the measurement, analysis and reporting of videos viewed online. It is used for the purposes of understanding the consumption patterns (behavioral analysis) and optimizing viewing experience (quality of service analysis).
Online video analytics differs from traditional television analytics because it can be measured using census-based methods instead of panel-based metrics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Operational database management systems (also referred to as OLTP databases og online transaction processing databases), are used to update data in real-time. These types of databases allow users to do more than simply view archived data. Operational databases allow you to modify that data (add, change or delete data), doing it in real-time | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An operational system is a term used in data warehousing to refer to a system that is used to process the day-to-day transactions of an organization. These systems are designed in a manner that processing of day-to-day transactions is performed efficiently and the integrity of the transactional data is preserved.
Synonyms
Sometimes operational systems are referred to as operational databases, transaction processing systems, or online transaction processing systems (OLTP) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Palo is a memory resident multidimensional (online analytical processing (OLAP) or multidimensional online analytical processing (MOLAP)) database server and typically used as a business intelligence tool for controlling and budgeting purposes with spreadsheet software acting as the user interface. Beyond the multidimensional data concept, Palo enables multiple users to share one centralised data storage (single version of the truth).
This type of database is suitable to handle complex data models for business management and statistics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a type of performance measurement. KPIs evaluate the success of an organization or of a particular activity (such as projects, programs, products and other initiatives) in which it engages. KPIs provide a focus for strategic and operational improvement, create an analytical basis for decision making and help focus attention on what matters most | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Predictive analytics is a form of business analytics applying machine learning to generate a predictive model for certain business applications. As such, it encompasses a variety of statistical techniques from predictive modeling and machine learning that analyze current and historical facts to make predictions about future or otherwise unknown events. It represents a major subset of machine learning applications; in some contexts, it is synonymous with machine learning | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Predictive modelling uses statistics to predict outcomes. Most often the event one wants to predict is in the future, but predictive modelling can be applied to any type of unknown event, regardless of when it occurred. For example, predictive models are often used to detect crimes and identify suspects, after the crime has taken place | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Real-time business intelligence (RTBI) is a concept describing the process of delivering business intelligence (BI) or information about business operations as they occur. Real time means near to zero latency and access to information whenever it is required. The speed of today's processing systems has allowed typical data warehousing to work in real-time | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A semantic layer is a business representation of corporate data that helps end users access data autonomously using common business terms managed through Business semantics management. A semantic layer maps complex data into familiar business terms such as product, customer, or revenue to offer a unified, consolidated view of data across the organization.
By using common business terms, rather than data language, to access, manipulate, and organize information, a semantic layer simplifies the complexity of business data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social BI, or Social Business Intelligence, refers to the creation, publishing and sharing of custom business analytics reports and dashboards by end users of Cloud technologies.
Social or collaborative BI is the use of Enterprise 2. 0 tools and practices with business intelligence outputs for the purpose of making collective decisions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social marketing intelligence is the method of extrapolating valuable information from social network interactions and data flows that can enable companies to launch new products and services into the market at greater speed and lower cost. This is an area of research however, companies using social marketing intelligence have achieved significant improvement in marketing campaigns. Through social marketing intelligence, companies can identify people that are the most influential within their communities | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Social sorting is understood as the breakdown and categorization of group- or person-related raw data into various categories and segments by data manipulators and data brokers. Social sorting involves the key task of separating one group from the other. These groups can be based on income, education, race, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, derived power (social and political) and geographic residence | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The suggestion box is used for collecting slips of paper with input from customers and patrons of a particular organization. Suggestion boxes may also exist internally, within an organization, such as means for garnering employee opinion.
History
Daniel W | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Clinical data management (CDM) is a critical process in clinical research, which leads to generation of high-quality, reliable, and statistically sound data from clinical trials. Clinical data management ensures collection, integration and availability of data at appropriate quality and cost. It also supports the conduct, management and analysis of studies across the spectrum of clinical research as defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Biomedical text mining (including biomedical natural language processing or BioNLP) refers to the methods and study of how text mining may be applied to texts and literature of the biomedical domain. As a field of research, biomedical text mining incorporates ideas from natural language processing, bioinformatics, medical informatics and computational linguistics. The strategies in this field have been applied to the biomedical literature available through services such as PubMed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A case report form (or CRF) is a paper or electronic questionnaire specifically used in clinical trial research. The case report form is the tool used by the sponsor of the clinical trial to collect data from each participating patient. All data on each patient participating in a clinical trial are held and/or documented in the CRF, including adverse events | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Acquisition or collection of clinical trial data can be achieved through various methods that may include, but are not limited to, any of the following: paper or electronic medical records, paper forms completed at a site, interactive voice response systems, local electronic data capture systems, or central web based systems.
There is arguably no more important document than the instrument that is used to acquire the data from the clinical trial with the exception of the protocol, which specifies the conduct of that clinical trial. The quality of the data collected relies first and foremost on the quality of that instrument | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A clinical data management system or CDMS is a tool used in clinical research to manage the data of a clinical trial. The clinical trial data gathered at the investigator site in the case report form are stored in the CDMS. To reduce the possibility of errors due to human entry, the systems employ various means to verify the data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A Clinical Trial Management System (CTMS) is a software system used by biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to manage clinical trials in clinical research. The system maintains and manages planning, performing and reporting functions, along with participant contact information, tracking deadlines and milestones.
Terminology
eClinical is a term used within the biopharmaceutical industry to refer to trial automation technology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A core outcome set (COS) is a consensus-derived collection of outcomes and instruments that allows researchers to measure a consistent set of clinical endpoints in studies of a health condition. Core outcome sets are developed through an evidence-based and iterative process during which all possible outcomes for a health condition are methodologically gathered and then selected by an international group of experts and patients.
Terminology
The term core outcome refers to a short list of clinical endpoints deemed most important to patients, providers, and researchers related to a health condition | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The electronic common technical document (eCTD) is an interface and international specification for the pharmaceutical industry to agency transfer of regulatory information.
The specification is based on the Common Technical Document (CTD) format and was developed by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Multidisciplinary Group 2 Expert Working Group (ICH M2 EWG).
History
Version 2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An electronic data capture (EDC) system is a computerized system designed for the collection of clinical data in electronic format for use mainly in human clinical trials. EDC replaces the traditional paper-based data collection methodology to streamline data collection and expedite the time to market for drugs and medical devices. EDC solutions are widely adopted by pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations (CRO) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) is a patient-reported outcome that is collected by electronic methods. ePRO methods are most commonly used in clinical trials, but they are also used elsewhere in health care. As a function of the regulatory process, a majority of ePRO questionnaires undergo the linguistic validation process | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
EudraCT (European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials) is the European Clinical Trials Database of all clinical trials of investigational medicinal products with at least one site in the European Union commencing 1 May 2004 or later. The EudraCT database has been established in accordance with Directive 2001/20/EC. The EudraCT Number is unique and is needed on other documents relating to the trials (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) is a patient-reported outcome measure used to assess health-related quality of life in patients undergoing cancer therapy. The FACT-G is the original questionnaire that led to the development of the larger Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) collection of quality of life instruments. The survey assesses the impacts of cancer therapy in four domains: physical, social/family, emotional, and functional | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Good clinical data management practice (GCDMP) is the current industry standards for clinical data management that consist of best business practice and acceptable regulatory standards. In all phases of clinical trials, clinical and laboratory information must be collected and converted to digital form for analysis and reporting purposes. The U | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Information Services Division (ISD) is the part of NHS Scotland that provides health information, health intelligence, statistical information and analysis. ISD is part of the Public Health and Intelligence Strategic Business Unit of Public Health Scotland.
History
From January 2015, ISD has published health statistics weekly, spreading the publications out more evenly across the year | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A patient-reported outcome (PRO) is a health outcome directly reported by the patient who experienced it. It stands in contrast to an outcome reported by someone else, such as a physician-reported outcome, a nurse-reported outcome, and so on. PRO methods, such as questionnaires, are used in clinical trials or other clinical settings, to help better understand a treatment's efficacy or effectiveness | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Prioritization is the activity that arranges items or activities in order of importance relative to each other. In the context of medical evaluation it is the establishment of the importance or the urgency of actions that are necessary to preserve the welfare of client or patient. In the clinical context, establishing priorities aids in the rationale and justification for the use of limited resources | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults (QoL-AGHDA) is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure which measures the effect growth hormone deficiency has on adult patients. The score of the QoL-AGHDA is used to determine the extent to which growth hormone deficiency has affected the patient’s quality of life, and what treatment can then be administered. A high score on the QoL-AGHDA indicates that the patient suffers from many symptoms and therefore has a lower quality of life | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A remote data entry (RDE) system is a computerized system designed for the collection of data in electronic format. The term is most commonly applied to a class of software used in the life sciences industry for collecting patient data from participants in clinical research studies—research of new drugs and/or medical devices.
Typically, RDE systems provide:
a graphical user interface component for data entry
a validation component to check user data
a reporting tool for analysis of the collected dataRDE software was started in the mid- to late-1980s as software installed locally on portable computers with modems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Mississippi Health Project was a health initiative sponsored by the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority during the Great Depression. The purpose of the Mississippi Health Project was to bring health awareness to Mississippi Delta residents who did not have access to health care. The initiative lasted for six years, until World War II | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) is the Washington, DC-based organization representing 2,800 local public health departments in the U. S. These city, county, metropolitan, district, and tribal departments work to protect and promote health and well-being for all people in their communities by coordinating programs and services that make it easier for people to be healthy and safe from public health emergencies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The National Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety (NCCRAHS) is a part of the National Farm Medicine Center, one of the research centers of the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute. The center is located headquartered in Marshfield, Wisconsin, and is primarily funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), which is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The director is Barbara C | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The National Farm Medicine Center (NFMC), established in 1981, is a non-profit program in Marshfield, Wisconsin dedicated to agricultural health and safety research, and service. The center is a component of the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, which is part of Marshfield Clinic.
History
In the 1960s research was conducted by the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute on respiratory diseases common in dairy farmers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization founded in 1990, based in the District of Columbia. It is a network of state and territorial domestic violence coalitions, representing over 2,000 member organizations nationwide. The National Network to End Domestic Violence works to address the many aspects of domestic violence | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Partnership for Child Development (PCD) is a research and technical assistance group based at Imperial College London that seeks to improve health and nutrition in school-age children and youth in low-income countries, thereby improving their education outcomes. PCD was formed in 1992 at the University of Oxford to bridge gaps between academia, funding bodies and the education and health sectors in low-income countries.
History
Based on a growing evidence base for the beneficial nature of antihelminthic treatment (deworming) in the early 1990s, the Partnership for Child Development was formed by the United Nations Development Programme and the Rockefeller Foundation within the Scientific Coordinating Centre at the University of Oxford | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Established in 2005, The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH) is the world’s largest alliance for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health and well-being, with over 1,400 partner organizations working together through 10 constituency groups: partner governments, donors and foundations, NGOs, adolescent and youth groups, private sector organizations, health professional associations, academic and research institutions, global financing mechanisms, inter-governmental organizations, and UN agencies. PMNCH is hosted by the World Health Organization, based in Geneva.
Organization
Constituencies
PMNCH brings together over 1,250 partner organizations across 10 constituencies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Population Council is an international, nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The Council conducts research in biomedicine, social science, and public health and helps build research capacities in developing countries. One-third of its research relates to HIV and AIDS; while its other major program areas are in reproductive health and its relation to poverty, youth, and gender | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Population Health Forum is a group based at University of Washington in Seattle, Washington, and composed of academics, citizens, students, and activists from around North America.
Purpose and activities
Activities include development of academic curricula for middle and high schools, advocacy, and maintenance of a population health listserv. They focus on raising awareness of the population health issue and the social determinants of health | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (also known as ProMED-mail, abbreviated ProMED) is among the largest publicly available emerging diseases and outbreak reporting systems in the world. The purpose of ProMED is to promote communication amongst the international infectious disease community, including scientists, physicians, veterinarians, epidemiologists, public health professionals, and others interested in infectious diseases on a global scale. Founded in 1994, ProMED has pioneered the concept of electronic, Internet-based emerging disease and outbreak detection reporting | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Public Access to Sunscreens Coalition, or PASS Coalition, is a coalition of public health organizations, dermatologists and sunscreen product companies whose mission is to help prevent skin cancer and improve public health by ensuring Americans have access to safe and effective sunscreens and evidence-based education on sun-safe practices. It accomplishes these goals by lobbying for an efficient and transparent regulatory pathway to market for new sunscreens and advocating against proposals that limit access to FDA-approved sunscreens.
Background
Formation of the PASS Coalition was prompted by concern that the U | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Public health laboratories (PHLs) are governmental reference laboratories that protect the public against diseases and other health hazards. The 2005 International Health Regulations came into force in June 2007, with 196 binding countries that recognised that certain public health incidents, extending beyond disease, ought to be designated as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), as they pose a significant global threat. The PHLs serve as national hazard detection centres, and forward these concerns to the World Health Organization | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Science & Environmental Health Network (SEHN) is a non-profit organization founded in 1994. Its principal aim is to use law and best practices to combat cumulative impacts, especially in matters relating to public health and the environment. It is also a keen advocate of the Precautionary Principle, releasing a number of guidelines regarding how this principle should be actioned by governments and organizations | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Society for Epidemiologic Research (abbreviated SER) is a learned society dedicated to epidemiology. It was originally proposed in 1967 by Abraham Lilienfeld, Milton Terris, and Brian MacMahon, and was founded the following year. Their motivation in founding SER was to provide an annual meeting where junior faculty in epidemiology departments and graduate students could present their ongoing research to senior epidemiologists and receive criticism, comments, and encouragement | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) is an independent professional society of health educators, academics, and education researchers that was founded in 1950.
Mission
SOPHE's mission is to "Promote the health of all people through education. " | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) is an international nonprofit organization and professional association that studies and shares research on nicotine and tobacco use from a public health and scientific perspective. It is the largest organization focused on nicotine and tobacco, with members in 40 countries. SRNT has its own official scientific journal, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, founded in 1999 and published by Oxford University Press | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute or Swiss TPH (formerly known as the Swiss Tropical Institute) is an international public health institute working in various disciplines with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries. It was founded in 1943 through the initiative of Rudolf Geigy. Swiss TPH endeavors to the improve the health of populations internationally and nationally through research, services, education, and training, with a focus on developing countries | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Toronto Public Health (TPH) is the public health unit in Toronto, Ontario. It is responsible for delivering public health programs and services, enforcing public health regulations and advising Toronto City Council on health issues. The current unit was formed in 1998, when the former Metropolitan Toronto and its constituent municipalities of Toronto, York, North York, Scarborough, Etobicoke, and East York amalgamated into the current city of Toronto | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Originally established December 4, 1878 as the Select Committee on Epidemic Diseases. It became a standing committee on December 12, 1887 until March 19, 1896, when the name was changed to the Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine. Terminated April 18, 1921 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The University of Washington Department of Global Health is a department jointly run by the schools of Medicine and Public Health at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. Its aim is to provide a multidisciplinary venue to address issues of global health at the university.
The department was begun with funding supplied by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Unlimit Health (previously known as SCI Foundation and as the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative) is an international organisation working to end parasitic disease. The organisation partners with affected countries, sharing evidence and expertise to eliminate preventable infections, through technical and financial support to ministries of health, in line with their strategies and plans, to strengthen health systems within affected communities.
Unlimit Health’s area of focus is the elimination of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases (intestinal worms) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Upper Midwest Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Center (UMPERLC), established in May 2001 as the Iowa Center for Public Health Preparedness is a public health center at the University of Iowa College of Public Health. It is one of 14 centers across the country working to inform the public health workforce of the "skills to prepare for, promptly identify, and respond to any public health emergencies. " The UMPERLC covers the states of Iowa and Nebraska, but also offers the majority of its training programs online through the Prepare Iowa Learning Management System, making them accessible to anyone wanting to take the courses | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Women's Health Protective Association (sometimes, Woman's Health Protective Association; original parent body, Ladies' Health Protective Association) was a US women's organization focused on improving a city's public health and protecting the immediate neighborhood. It was founded in New York City in November 1884 as the Ladies' Health Protective Association.
The impetus for the association occurred when a few women were annoyed by a nuisance maintained in the immediate neighborhood of their homes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who may have been exposed to a communicable disease, yet do not have a confirmed medical diagnosis. It is distinct from medical isolation, in which those confirmed to be infected with a communicable disease are isolated from the healthy population | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) is the body responsible for the independent regulation of the pharmacy profession within England, Scotland and Wales, responsible for the regulation of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy premises. It was created, along with the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, in September 2010 when the previous body responsible for regulation, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, was split so that representative and regulatory functions of the pharmacy profession could be separated.
Statutory
The Health and Social Care Act 2008 and the subsequent Pharmacy Order 2010 allowed for regulatory functions of the RPSGB to be transferred to the new pharmacy regulator, the GPhC | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA; Irish: An tÚdarás Rialála Táirgí Sláinte) is an Irish regulatory agency. It advises the Irish government. It is responsible for both public and animal health | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) is the regulator for nursing and midwifery professions in the UK. The NMC maintains a register of all nurses, midwives and specialist community public health nurses and nursing associates eligible to practise within the UK. It sets and reviews standards for their education, training, conduct and performance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) existed from its founding as the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1841 until 2010. The word "Royal" was added to its name in 1988. It was the statutory regulatory and professional body for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in England, Scotland and Wales | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
1Day Sooner is a nonprofit that advocates for people who want to participate in medical research, in particular, human challenge trials. 1Day Sooner began in March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, organizing people willing to volunteer in human challenge trials as a means to speed development of vaccines against the disease. 1Day Sooner's advocacy for Covid-19 challenge trials was met with both support and opposition among the public, scientists, and bioethicists | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) are a group of five Internet-based research centers established in 2004 and funded by NIAID (the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. ) The BRCs were formed in response to the threats posed by emerging and re-emerging pathogens, particularly Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Category A, B, and C pathogens, and their potential use in bioterrorism. The intention of NIAID in funding these bioinformatics centers is to assist researchers involved in the experimental characterization of such pathogens and the formation of drugs, vaccines, or diagnostic tools to combat them | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Anticipatory scheduling is an algorithm for scheduling hard disk input/output (I/O scheduling). It seeks to increase the efficiency of disk utilization by "anticipating" future synchronous read operations.
I/O scheduling
"Deceptive idleness" is a situation where a process appears to be finished reading from the disk when it is actually processing data in preparation of the next read operation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A kernel is a component of a computer operating system. A comparison of system kernels can provide insight into the design and architectural choices made by the developers of particular operating systems.
Comparison criteria
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available operating system kernels | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
C# Open Source Managed Operating System (Cosmos) is a toolkit for building GUI and command-line based operating systems, written mostly in the programming language C# and small amounts of a high level assembly language named X#. Cosmos is a backronym, in that the acronym was chosen before the meaning. It is open-source software released under a BSD license | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
EKA1 (EPOC Kernel Architecture 1) is the first-generation kernel for the operating system Symbian OS. EKA1 originated in the earlier operating system EPOC. It offers preemptive computer multitasking and memory protection, but no real-time computing guarantees, and a single-threaded device driver model | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
EKA2 (EPOC Kernel Architecture 2) is the second-generation Symbian platform real-time operating system kernel, which originated in the earlier operating system EPOC.
EKA2 began with a proprietary software license. In October 2009, it was released as free and open-source software under an Eclipse Public License | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Exec is the kernel of AmigaOS. It is a 13 KB multitasking microkernel which enabled pre-emptive multitasking in as little as 256 KB of memory (as supplied with the first Amiga 1000s). Exec provided functions for multitasking, memory management, and handling of interrupts and dynamic shared libraries | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Exokernel is an operating system kernel developed by the MIT Parallel and Distributed Operating Systems group, and also a class of similar operating systems.
Operating systems generally present hardware resources to applications through high-level abstractions such as (virtual) file systems. The idea behind exokernels is to force as few abstractions as possible on application developers, enabling them to make as many decisions as possible about hardware abstractions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A hybrid kernel is an operating system kernel architecture that attempts to combine aspects and benefits of microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures used in operating systems.
Overview
The traditional kernel categories are monolithic kernels and microkernels (with nanokernels and exokernels seen as more extreme versions of microkernels). The "hybrid" category is controversial, due to the similarity of hybrid kernels and ordinary monolithic kernels; the term has been dismissed by Linus Torvalds as simple marketing | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
JX is a microkernel operating system with both the kernel and applications implemented using the Java programming language.
Overview
JX is implemented as an extended Java virtual machine (the JX Core), adding support to the Java system for necessary features such as protection domains and hardware access, along with a number of components written in Java that provide kernel facilities to applications running on the computer. Because Java is a type-safe language, JX is able to provide isolation between running applications without needing to use hardware memory protection | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A kernel debugger is a debugger present in some operating system kernels to ease debugging and kernel development by the kernel developers. A kernel debugger might be a stub implementing low-level operations, with a full-blown debugger such as GNU Debugger (gdb), running on another machine, sending commands to the stub over a serial line or a network connection, or it might provide a command line that can be used directly on the machine being debugged.
Operating systems and operating system kernels that contain a kernel debugger:
The Windows NT family includes a kernel debugger named KD, which can act as a local debugger with limited capabilities (reading and writing kernel memory, and setting breakpoints) and can attach to a remote machine over a serial line, IEEE 1394 connection, USB 2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer operating system design, kernel preemption is a property possessed by some kernels (the cores of operating systems), in which the CPU can be interrupted in the middle of executing kernel code and assigned other tasks (from which it later returns to finish its kernel tasks).
That is to say, the scheduler is permitted to forcibly perform a context switch (on behalf of a runnable and higher-priority process) on a driver or other part of the kernel during its execution, rather than co-operatively waiting for the driver or kernel function (such as a system call) to complete its execution and return control of the processor to the scheduler when done. It is used mainly in monolithic and hybrid kernels, where all or most device drivers are run in kernel space | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A language-based system is a type of operating system that uses language features to provide security, instead of or in addition to hardware mechanisms. In such systems, code referred to as the trusted base is responsible for approving programs for execution, assuring they cannot perform operations detrimental to the system's stability without first being detected and dealt with. A very common strategy of guaranteeing that such operations are impossible is to base the system around a high-level language, such as Java, whose design precludes dangerous constructs; many are entirely written in such a language, with only the minimum amount of low-level code being used | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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