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A game based on the UK's popular game show hosted by Bob Monkhouse called "Bob's Full House". Up to 4 players can compete in a mental test of general knowledge and trivia. Based on Bingo, players had to complete lines to win prizes and completely clear their board to win the game.
Part of the Following Group
The Press Says
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The dancing mouse seen in the Commodore 64 version was a creation of it's programmer Paul Gill
(vicious fish), it's nickname was "Acid House Mouse".Information also contributed by | <urn:uuid:36dd8883-7062-4c52-93ae-9d9f4ae4380f> | 2013-05-23T18:58:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Don't get scammed. Here are two rules that you should ALWAYS take into account:
If it looks too good to be true, IT IS! Turn and walk away.
NEVER give someone your social security number, a credit card number or any other personal information unless you are absolutely sure of the situation. If someone asks you to pay them for an opportunity where you will (seemingly) eventually be paid back, it's a SCAM. | <urn:uuid:244cebec-2e3e-4024-b887-b07d0aebe82b> | 2013-05-23T18:51:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Definition of reluctation
n. - Repugnance; resistance; reluctance. 2
The word "reluctation" uses 11 letters: A C E I L N O R T T U.
No direct anagrams for reluctation found in this word list.
All words formed from reluctation by changing one letter
Browse words starting with reluctation by next letter | <urn:uuid:b81a3f71-06c4-4cd6-a590-38c3619633e1> | 2013-05-23T18:30:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A top-flight character actor and sometime leading man, Gregory Walcott has managed to bridge the tail-end of the studio system, the heyday of series television, and the boom years of the post-studio 1970s, and carve a notable career in the process. He was born Bernard Mattox in 1928 (some sources say 1932) in Wendell, NC, a small town about 10 miles east of the state capitol of Raleigh. After serving in the Army following the end of the Second World War, he decided to try for an acting career and hitchhiked his way to California. He managed to get work in amateur and semi-professional theatrical productions and was lucky enough to be spotted in a small role in one of these by an agent. That resulted in his big-screen debut, in an uncredited role in the 20th Century-Fox drama Red Skies of Montana (1952). With his 6'-plus height, impressive build, and deep voice, Walcott would seem to have a major career in front of him, but the movie business of the 1950s was in a state of constant retrenchment, battling the intrusion of television and the eroding of its audience. For the next three years, he had little but bit parts in films, some of them major productions. His performance as the drill instructor in the opening section of Raoul Walsh's Battle Cry (1955) was good enough to get him a contract with Warner Bros. He subsequently played supporting roles in Mister Roberts (1955) and in independent productions such as Badman's Country (1958), and also started showing up on television with some regularity. And with each new role, he seemed to gather momentum in his career.As luck would have it, however, Walcott's most prominent role of the 1950s ended up being the one he received the lowest fee for doing, and that he also thought the least of, and also one that, for decades, he was loathe to discuss, on or off the record: as Jeff Trent, the hero of Plan 9 From Outer Space. Walcott's work on the magnum opus of writer/producer/director Edward D. Wood, Jr. amounted to less than a week's work, and he was so busy in those days that one can easily imagine him forgetting about it as soon as his end of the shoot was over. And the movie was scarcely even seen on its initial release in the summer of 1959 and went to television in the early '60s in a package that usually had it relegated to "shock theater" showcases and the late-night graveyard (no pun intended). But the ultra-low-budget production, renowned for its eerily, interlocking values of ineptitude and entertainment, has become one of the most widely viewed (and deeply analyzed) low-budget movies of any era in the decades since. As this oddity in his career was starting to gather its fans (some would say fester), Walcott had long since moved on to co-starring in the series 87th Precinct and guest-starring roles in series television. Across the 1960s, he remained busy and had a chance to do especially good work on the series Bonanza, which gave him major guest-starring roles in seven episodes between 1960 and 1972. In one of these, "Song in the Dark" (1962), Walcott even had a chance to show off his singing voice, a talent of his that was otherwise scarcely recognized in a three-decade career. By the late '60s, he had also moved into production work, producing and starring in Bill Wallace of China (1967), the story of a Christian missionary. During the 1970s, Walcott finally started to get movie roles that were matched in prominence to his talent, most especially in the films of Clint Eastwood. He remained busy as a prominent character actor and supporting player -- part of that category of performers that includes the likes of Richard Herd and James Cromwell -- into the 1980s. He had retired by the start of the 1990s, but was called before the cameras once more for an appearance in Tim Burton's movie Ed Wood. | <urn:uuid:51f4442e-89ac-48a1-b387-c1881b635353> | 2013-05-23T18:31:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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All contents of this moyo website are subject to copyright protection and reproduction of the content, or any part thereof, is prohibited without prior consent from moyo, 2005. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:f30f7a64-c57b-4e3a-984c-fe8631e3df60> | 2013-05-23T18:38:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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can someone fix the links?
oh and when i go to directory it doens't seem to show music inside folders with a "-" in the folder name.
also how do you change the scroll up down button sizes?
Thanks a lot, I was looking through the setting IN frodoplayer and I didn't seem to come across anything that would let me do it. Should have thought to look in the config file.
The download doesn't work for me?
Are there any other websites other then the one posted? As this wont let me register due to me having a hotmail account. Thanks. | <urn:uuid:b6c4b89d-596f-4664-b94e-17e703b5e94d> | 2013-05-23T18:52:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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At the heart of materials science is an understanding of the microstructure of solids. "Microstructure" is used broadly in reference to solids viewed at the subatomic (electronic) and atomic levels, and the nature of the defects at these levels. The microstructures of solids at various levels, especially the defects, profoundly influence the mechanical, electronic, chemical, and biological properties of solids. The phenomenological and mechanistic relationships between the microstructure and the macroscopic properties of solids are, in essence, what the materials science is all about. This is best represented by the "materials science triangle": synthesis-microstructure-properties.
Materials engineering, on the other hand, is concerned with the design, fabrication, and testing of engineering materials. Such materials must fulfill simultaneously the dimensional properties, quality control, and economic requirements. Several manufacturing steps may be involved: (1) primary fabrication, such as solidification or vapor deposition of homogeneous or composite materials; (2) secondary fabrication, including shaping and microstructural control by operations such as mechanical working, machining, sintering, joining and heat treatment and (3) testing, which measures the degree of reliability of a processed part, destructively or non-destructively.
Because the science of materials branches into other fields of study, the department offers joint fields of study in collaboration with other departments. A degree specializing in electronic materials is offered which provides a broad-based background in materials science, with the opportunity to specialize in semiconducting materials used in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The program incorporates several courses in electrical engineering in addition to those in the materials science curriculum.
A joint major field, chemistry/materials science, is offered to students enrolled in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (College of Letters and Science). Several courses in the undergraduate curriculum also play an important role in the manufacturing engineering program.
The graduate program allows for specialization in one of the following fields: ceramics and ceramic processing, electronic and optical materials, and structural materials. | <urn:uuid:e208dae8-1b37-4cf8-9490-b8eb556972c8> | 2013-05-23T18:59:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- BS Chemistry 1975
Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, John Christianson grew up blocks from Lambeau Field during the Lombardi Glory Years which instilled in him a love of sports and competition. He graduated from Green Bay Southwest High School with high honors, while playing on the tennis team, participating in newspaper and forensics, and tutoring his classmates in chemistry, physics and calculus, foreshadowing his eventual career choice.
Upon graduation in 1971, John enrolled at Michigan Technological University to pursue a degree in chemical engineering, but switched majors to chemistry with secondary education certification in the then relatively new Michigan Tech Teacher Education Program. He played four years on the varsity tennis team and was named team and conference MVP as a senior while student teaching at Houghton High School. John graduated with high honors from Michigan Tech in 1975 with a BS in Chemistry and teacher certification in chemistry and mathematics.
After filling a temporary opening at Houghton High School, John went to Dollar Bay High School where he taught chemistry, physical science, geometry, calculus and computer programming. From 1981-1987, he served as varsity men's and women's tennis coach at Michigan Tech. In 1983, he returned to Houghton High School as the Science Department Head and taught chemistry and physics. He continues to teach chemistry and AP chemistry while coaching the girl's varsity volleyball team that he started in 1991. Since 1999, John has served on the College Board Advanced Placement Chemistry Program as an exam reader, Midwestern Regional Consultant and exam table leader.
John has been recognized with Michigan Tech's Excellence in Teaching Award in 1986, the White House Commission on Presidential Scholars Distinguished Teacher Award in 1988, the American Chemical Society Section Distinguished Teacher Award in 1993, Houghton-Portage Schools Outstanding Education Employee Award in 2006. He was named UP Class C Volleyball Coach of the Year in 1998 and 1999. John was inducted into the Michigan Tech's Sports Hall of Fame in 2004 and Academy of Educators in 2005. He has supervised numerous Michigan Tech student teachers since 1979 and has served on the Michigan Tech Teacher Education Advisory Council.
From 2011 Induction to the College of Sciences and Arts Academy | <urn:uuid:cc3aa151-045d-41a5-bea7-b40db53a6fc4> | 2013-05-23T18:32:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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It's ... It's your Romeo, yes sir.
Hey ... danger.
Who sees you not think that disguises a dangerous snake,
Your whims and vanity led me to ruin and poverty.
My mother said danger, my son, you'll regret,
Everyone said the same thing (danger), with you I was going to lose badly.
You're the devil dressed as a woman, your new nickname is Lucifer,
You should arrive to you is abortion, not known
Teach you and Roberto cavalli chanel, siéndome those clothes dirty infidel.
(Never thought that in life) a woman be so cruel.
To be rid men of your way.
Be aware this woman is dangerous
Poor guy will do away with you.
Ole, the devil wears prada.
I know, cause she used my credit card.
Make way, for the kings, adventure ...
Lenny low low, put it to mourn.
And to think I put my trust in you, my savings, my ambitions.
Nobody deserves to die, but will not go to your funeral or a dog.
My mom said danger, my son going to fail,
Everyone said the same thing (danger), with you I was going to go wrong.
And they say every cloud has a silver lining.
(Ha) That's what they say.
Diosito that you send a punishment,
You do the same and I apologize.
For if I laugh in your face, I welcome your punishment for this betrayal.
He suffers, weeps, Caetés in heavy seas of doom.
That delusions, martyrdom by bad roads take you, as I suffered. | <urn:uuid:52a3c803-a233-41e8-b600-81a2943cb9df> | 2013-05-23T19:00:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Download Christmas Sheet Music for Viola:
Learn to play Christmas songs on viola with our Christmas sheet music downloads arranged for viola. Everything from traditional Christmas sheet music to modern Christmas viola sheet music including songs such as "O Holy Night," "The First Noel," "Carol of the Bells," "Silent Night" and dozens more.
With each Christmas Sheet Music download you'll receive:
- A print-out of the sheet music
- A sheet music file for use on our PC App, Musicnotes Cloud app, iPad, Android, or Kindle Fire. | <urn:uuid:053d445d-e99b-4237-aaa9-ebe141a27eb9> | 2013-05-23T19:00:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Young students should start on a half size or three-quarter size acoustic guitar. Older students could start on an electric guitar, as long as they are able to hold it comfortably. Many student model guitars can be purchased for $150 to $200 new. An electric guitarist will need an amplifier and cables, at additional cost. Remember, higher quality instruments are easier to play and give the student the best chance of liking it.
Musika offers customized one-on-one music lessons at your home - a time saving solution for busy parents and students. The convenience of in-home guitar lessons allows you to save time without having to transport your child to class, allows your child to maximize their busy schedule, and provides a safe and familiar environment in which to learn.
Our teachers create a customized lesson plan for every student, so no two students' lesson plans will be identical. Topics covered during Musika's guitar lessons may include, but are not limited to: learning the notes on guitar, proper fretting, fingering, and strumming technique, how to read music, learning all open chords, how to play barre chords, how to tune a guitar, music theory, and most importantly, how to have fun playing the guitar!
We recommend that students looking to start guitar lessons have a clear goal in mind - such as learning to play a few of their favorite songs. When you start lessons, a teacher will help you unlock the skills required to reach your goals. Keep in mind that you might not be able to start off with the exact song you want to learn - it could take months of study and practice to learn all of the notes and chords required to turn your dream into a reality.
Students can start as young as age 6 with a half size classical guitar (nylon strings), by playing simple songs on the top strings. Most students are able to form chords by age 7 or 8, and begin learning how to play and sing along with their favorite songs. Older students will graduate to being able to handle a full size guitar around ages 10-12, which is when many students become interested in learning rock guitar and want to get an electric. | <urn:uuid:1e0ca8c2-19d0-4295-84f1-0d12a92e3e14> | 2013-05-23T18:51:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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American composer and conductor Lee Actor was born in 1952 in Denver, Colorado. He began his musical career as a violinist in the Albany Symphony Orchestra whilst studying for an advanced engineering degree. Later he obtained a master's degree in composition at San Jose State University, where he was also assistant conductor of the symphony orchestra between 1979 and 1980. His composition teachers included Andrew Imbrie, and he studied conducting with David Epstein. He worked as a software specialist in the videogame industry for about twenty years before starting to work full time as a composer and conductor in 2001.
In 2001 he became assistant conductor of the Palo Alto Philharmonic Orchestra, and in 2002 he became the orchestra's composer in residence. In 2008 he became assistant conductor of the Nova Vista Symphony.
Actor won first prize in the 2007 International Horn Society Composition Contest for his horn concerto, and is the recipient of many consecutive ASCAPlus awards.
Prelude to a Tragedy made the finals in the Columbia Orchestra's 2005 American Composer Competition, and was recorded by Robert Ian Winstin and the Kiev Philharmonic.
A first CD of Actor's orchestral music was released in June 2005 by MMC Recordings, and a second was brought out on the Albany Records label in April 2008, both recorded in Bratislava by the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra and conducted by Kirk Trevor.
A selection of M&V articles about Lee Actor
CD Spotlight. Especially Satisfying - Music by Lee Actor, strongly recommended by Ron Bierman. '... an outstanding release.'
Record Box. A Crowd Pleaser - Concertos and a symphony by Lee Actor, heard by Ron Bierman
CD Spotlight. Expert Orchestration - Music by Lee Actor, reviewed by Ron Bierman. 'Strongly recommended.' | <urn:uuid:c7ee0a8e-10e7-44e7-9726-9ba58d552ded> | 2013-05-23T18:51:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The ancient city of Cerveteri (Latin: Caere Greek: Agylia) is located about 50 km north-west of Rome and occupied an immense area protected by steep slopes and fortifications. The English word ceremony comes from the Latin caeremonium, meaning "pertaining to Caere," and reflects the Etruscan fascination with divination and prophecy.
Through its ports of Pyrgi, Alsium and Punicum, the city became an important early trading centre. Its name in Etruscan has been variously represented as Cisra, Chaisra or some other variant. In the Phoenician tablet from Pyrgi, it is referred to as Kisry.
The earliest major settlements at Cerveteri date from between the 9th and 8th centuries BCE and are characteristic of the Villanovan period. At least two villages were established during this time, as evidenced by the finds of biconical and hut shaped cinerary urns at the oldest Necropolis areas of Cava della Pozzolana and Sorbo. Trading with the Euboean Greeks commenced in the mid 8th century BCE with Etrusco -Geometric vessels becoming more common in the grave-goods. From the 7th century BCE onwards, Caere underwent rapid demographic development, becoming Etruria's chief trading centre. By the beginning of the seventh century, Euboean influence had been replaced by that of the Corinthian and other Greek colonies which had been established in Southern Italy and Sicily.
During the seventh century, local manufacture of pottery started to emulate the Greek imports, with new traditions of early Orientalising vase painting becoming established in Cerveteri. An example of these are the works of the "Painter of the Heptachord". The craft of manufacturing bucchero ware also originated in Caere during this period.
Trench type burials began to be replaced by the chamber tomb or hypogeum. The richness of grave-goods from the Orientalising period are legendary, with examples being the Regolini Galassi and Calabresi tombs, the contents of which are on display at the Vatican Etruscan museum. The Gold jewellery and vases from this period are of particularly fine workmanship.
In the 6th century BC, Caere, at the height of its power, clashed, emerging victorious, with the Phocaean Greeks of Italy who at the time were establishing their control on the Tyrrhenian Sea via the colony of Alaria on Corsica.
Following the so called "Battle of the Sardinian Sea", hundreds of Phocaean prisoners were stoned to death in Caere, which according to ancient sources resulted in a plague on the city, which was only lifted
after consultation with the oracle at Delphi. By way of expiation, the citizens of Caere were required to schedule athletic contests every year to honour the dead Phocaeans. The Greek prisoners were buried en masse probably at a site located midway between Caere and Pyrgi, which has been recently located.
After the crisis common to the whole of Etruria in the 5th century BC, there was a strong recovery in the next century, made possible in part thanks to the excellent relations enjoyed with Rome, of which Caere was a traditional ally.
In 253 BCE Caere, supporting Tarquinii (modern Tarquinia) against Rome, was defeated and lost part of its territory, including the coastal area.
Deprived of its ports, Caere was thus doomed to a crisis which came to an end with its total extinction in the 1st century CE.
As you can see from the map (below), the area of the ancient city covered approximately 150 hectares, in comparison with the modern town, which occupies only a third of this space. The remainder of the area is now used for agriculture. The plateau of tufa where the city was located runs on a north-east south-west line, roughly 5 kilometers from the sea, and surrounded to the north by the valley of the Manganello, and to the south that of the Mola.
The cliff sides in some places reach a height of 50 meters, and formed the major defensive element of the city. In the areas where the cliffs were lower, or disappeared completely walls were built to form a continuous line of defense. Today a continuous section of 400 meters of wall is still visible. Near the end of the Via degli Inferi (the road to hell, or funerary road) the cliffs on both sides of the Manganello stream were deepened to about 40 meters, to form a defensive trench and wall, integrated in some points with stone walls.
All of these walls date to the first half of the 5th century BCE. There were a series of at least 7 gates, providing outlets to the surrounding areas. The only one to have any visible structures is the so-called "PORTA COPERTO" (covered gate) (A), located on the narrow side of the plateau to the north-east. Through this gate ran a road leading to the Necropolis of Cava della Pozzolana, and beyond it towards the area of Bracciano. Of this gate there remains only descriptions, and a breach in the walls, which here have a width at the base of 5 meters. The second gate (B), opened out onto the north cliff, where a new modern cemetery is under construction. at a point where the cliffs open out into a natural amphitheatre. This gate was mostly intended to give access to the Banditaccia Necropolis. The third gate (C), was along the continuation of the Via degli Inferi, which entered the city area, and reached the Manganello temple. The fourth (D), was located below the temple, and gave access to the sea road, and some of the stone blocks are still visible on the site. The fifth (E), was on the present site of the castle (Castello Ruspoli), and also opened towards the sea. The sixth (F), and the seventh (G), were both on the south cliff, giving access to the Sorbo and Monte Abetone Necropoli, as well as the areas to the south of the city.
The Etruscans built a significant network of roads between their cities, and most of these roads were improved by the Romans, and are still in use today. Both the VIA CLODIA and the initial part of the VIA AURELIA were first laid out by the Etruscans. The Via Clodia runs from the Tiber crossings in Rome to Sovana, in the area of Lake Bolsena. The Aurelia is the coastal road which became a Consular road in the second century B.C. In the city area there have been no regular excavations carried out, but only sporadic probings, notably those done by Mengarelli in the 20's in the area of the sports field, where he found traces of a temple dedicated to HERA, and on a cliff above the Manganello, where a structure was found, probably another temple, of unknown dedication .
Other excavations were carried out in the last century near the remains of the theatre, uncovering a number of marble slabs of the Roman period, of enormous importance, with allegorical images of each of the major Etruscan cities. These slabs are now preserved in the Gregorian Etruscan Museum in the Vatican. The structures in which they were found are classified as being Roman.
The Necropolis Areas
The great development of ancient Caere is shown by the number and wealth of the tombs discovered in its necropolis.
The Necropoli of Cerveteri include the Banditaccia, Sorbo, Cava della Pozzolana, Groppie di San Antonio and Monte Abetone. The Bandittacia represents one of the most interesting archaeological areas in the whole of the Mediterranean.
In the 5th century BCE, a real city of the dead rose up with streets intersecting at right angles and areas devoted to worship. The tombs are more modest than in the previous period: the chambers are small and the style has become standardized.
Only in the last centuries was there a return to the underground tombs with a complex floor plan, the symbol of a return to power by the aristocracy.
The tomb treasures include many bronze and silver objects, refined gold jewellery, vases of local production, including the famous bucchero ware and others imported from Greece and painted terracotta objects including votive figures and heads.
Pyrgi was one of the ports of the city of Caere, lying about eight miles away and was very famous for its sacred area, which was visited by Phoenicians and Etruscans alike. Archaeological excavations have brought to light the remains of two sanctuaries dedicated to Uni and the Phoenician goddess Astarte (Western form of Ishtar). The more ancient can be dated around the 6th century BC, whilst the more recent dates back to the middle of the 5th century BC. The Pyrgi lamellae, a series of three inscriptions on rolls of gold foil (Two in Etruscan and one on Phoenician) were discovered during the excavation of the older sanctuary, and describe a tyrant named Thefarie Velianas, who ruled over Caere at this time. This was about the time of the great alliance between the Etruscans and the Phoenicians which led to the purging of the Greeks from Corsica, and the Phoenician conquest of greek settlements in Sardinia. The joint consecration of the temple by both sides of the alliance in the Pyrgi inscriptions agrees well with historical traditions in that respect.
The fragments of a mythological high relief which decorated the fronton of the more recent temple, and the three gold lamellae are on display in Rome at the Villa Giulia Museum.
Cerveteri is about 50 km North West of Rome. From Fiumicino Airport, you can drive North along the Highway (allow about 20 minutes - Toll section). If you are relying on Public transport, head for Lepanto metro station and take a blue 'Cotral' bus (destination Ladispoli/ Cerveteri). If returning to Rome, buy a 'BIRG' ticket, which will cost about 4 Euros. The trip to Cerveteri takes about 40 minutes. Get off at Cerveteri, which is the terminus. The terminus is next to the museum, located in the Castello Ruspoli, an imposing 11th Century castle.
There is accommodation available in Cerveteri, Ladispoli or Civitavecchia (further afield to the North), contact details below. Very few Italian hotels have refrigerator or air conditioning. It is important to check. Some will not accept credit cards, and will require a cash advance to confirm bookings.
From the piazza in Cerveteri, allow about 30 minutes (hilly) walk to the Banditaccia necropolis, or there is a tourist bus which leaves infrequently. Check with the tourist information centre.
Some Useful Contact Numbers | <urn:uuid:eef1ef93-39af-42c5-816e-9b079444ee5d> | 2013-05-23T18:39:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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To provide you with a better understanding of wisdom tooth extraction, we have provided the following multimedia presentation. Many common questions pertaining to wisdom tooth extraction are discussed.
Having trouble? Please make sure you have version 9 of the Flash browser plugin in order to correctly view this presentation. This software is available as a free download. | <urn:uuid:8c8638d2-4ed4-4827-8e1d-cbc15fa240ec> | 2013-05-23T19:06:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Questions Parents of Gifted Students Should Ask Schools
by James Gallagher
Many parents dread the times they must meet their child's teacher. The thought of meeting the principal or superintendent sends chills up their spines. To many parents, the school is a "castle on the hill," distant and foreboding, a feeling that can prevent parents from interacting with the school system on a constructive basis. However, there are questions that parents of gifted students should ask of their school system regarding the program or services for their children. Their right to ask such questions matches the right of any parent.
What services are available for gifted students in this school and school system, and what are the goals of such services?
The representative of the school should be able to speak at length on the nature and purpose of the program or services the school and school system provide. The school system should have a comprehensive K-12 set of services for gifted students and some special opportunities available to advanced students in all major content fields (math, social studies, etc.). He or she should be able to tell you why and how your child has been deemed eligible for these services and what they hope the outcome will be for your child. These statements should be more specific than "we hope to improve her thinking skills." Be sure to ask, "How do you propose to do this? With what resources?"
How much time each week will my child spend in the gifted education program or receive services?
This question is key since there is great variation among schools regarding the time provided for gifted students. Time allotted to these programs can extend from one hour a week to all day or something in between. Most specialists believe that anything less than five hours a week is unlikely to have a strong positive impact. If the school explains that the child's needs are being taken care of in the regular classroom, they should be able to detail what differentiated services are being applied in that setting, and by whom.
Have the teachers in the gifted education program received specialized training?
All too often, teachers are assigned to gifted programs without any specific preparation. If they have not received training in educating gifted students they should at least have advanced training in the content field they are teaching. The school should also have a viable, articulate plan for helping teachers receive additional preparation if they are not currently certified or otherwise prepared. The regular classroom teacher should also have some special preparation, particularly if the primary responsibility for educating a gifted student depends on him or her.
Has my child received an assessment?
Since individual assessments cost schools money, some administrators would rather rely on general or group tests or on teacher judgment to decide who should be in a gifted education program. The school should tell you what test instruments or procedures are used in assessing your child and what has been learned from them. How far is the child's achievement from the average for his or her grade? Are the results of the assessment being used to develop an education plan tailored for your child?
Are there specialized materials (e.g., software) used in the gifted education program or services?
The school representative should be able to name any special curricula or advanced materials that are being used. These materials should be easily accessible to the student, and the media room should have samples of materials available for parents to review.
How will the school know if the gifted education program or services are working?
Too few school systems are following a specific evaluation plan designed to tell the teacher what is working and what is not and for which children. The school representative should be able to state specifically what they will do to demonstrate the benefits of the program for your child. Findings (test results, analyses of portfolios, or student projects, etc.) should be available to parents and shared on a regular basis.
How can I help the program?
Parents can be valuable adjuncts to the special instruction schools provide, and schools should be able to make specific suggestions as to how parents can help. There may be times, however, when a school is reluctant to accept your input, and your best efforts to be cooperative are rebuffed. It is important for you to know that you are not alone. There are probably other parents who feel the way that you do, and they may already be in an organized group. (You can check with your state gifted education association for names of other interested parents in your area). Groups of parents are invaluable in convincing school administrators that gifted and talented students have special education needs. It sometimes requires repeated efforts.
Parents often do not realize the various pressures that school administrators and teachers are under. Schools must deal with unruly students, students who are failing or are unmotivated, and the school day is often filled with a variety of immediate crises that may keep them from a full appreciation of the needs of your child. Under such circumstances you must remain vigilant. In order to ensure that your child's educational needs are met, you should interact personally with the school. A vigorous parent involvement and inquiry has been one of the best ways to develop a comprehensive, appropriate educational programs for your child.
Dr. James Gallagher is Kenan Professor of Education at the University of North Carolina and has worked over 30 years in the field of education for exceptional children. He has served as the President of the World Council for Gifted and Talented, President of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) and of The Association for the Gifted (TAG), and President of the National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC). A prolific author in the field, Dr. Gallagher was editor of the Journal for the Education of the Gifted for eight years. His textbook, Teaching the Gifted Child, is now in its fourth edition. | <urn:uuid:e7390a7e-1140-4f9b-b1b1-452b6b1f5513> | 2013-05-23T19:05:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online
readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML.
Please use the page image
as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.
DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride
average of 61 mg [2 mmol]/day or 5 percent of the total intake) when intakes were calculated using USDA's nutrient database (Pennington and Wilson, 1990).
Because of the uncertainty about phosphorus values for processed foods in nutrient databases, trends in phosphorus intake may be difficult to ascertain. Daily intakes of women aged 19 to 50 years from USDA 's national surveys averaged 965 mg (31.1 mmol) in 1977, 1,039 mg (33.5 mmol) in 1985, and 1,022 mg (33.0 mmol) in 1994 (Cleveland et al., 1996; USDA, 1985). Thus, it appears that intakes from foods increased about 8 percent between 1977 and 1985, but then decreased slightly between 1985 and 1994. Food supply data show a larger increase in phosphorus consumption: 12 percent from 1980 through 1994 (from 1,480 to 1,680 mg [47.7 to 54.2 mmol]/day per capita) (USDA, 1997). However, disappearance data may be unreliable for detecting trends because phosphate additives (such as those in cola beverages) are not included. Disappearance data on phosphorus-containing additives show that the use of these additives has increased by 17 percent over the last decade (Calvo, 1993). These figures also do not reflect actual consumption, because not all phosphates included in disappearance data are actually consumed, (for example, blends of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate are used in brines for curing meat, but the brine is rinsed off and not consumed). Nevertheless, taken together, these data suggest a substantial increase in phosphorus consumption, in the range of 10 to 15 percent, over the past 20 years.
Food Sources of Phosphorus
Phosphates are found in foods as naturally occurring components of biological molecules and as food additives in the form of various phosphate salts. These salts are used in processed foods for nonnutrient functions, such as moisture retention, smoothness, and binding.
In infants, dietary intake of phosphorus spans a wide range, depending on whether the food is human milk, cow milk, adapted cow milk formula, or soy formula (see Table 5-2). Moreover, the phosphorus concentration of human milk declines with progressing lactation, especially between 4 and 25 weeks of lactation (Atkinson et al., 1995). By contrast, more of the variation in dietary intake of phosphorus in adults is due to differences in total food intake and less to differences in food composition. Phosphorus contents of adult diets average about 62 mg (2 mmol)/100 kcal in both sexes (Carroll et al., 1983), and phosphorus:energy ratios exhibit a coefficient of variation of only | <urn:uuid:c1127129-c0ac-4e85-96ae-011428fcd4ff> | 2013-05-23T18:32:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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STS-132 -- Mission to the International Space Station
The crew of space shuttle mission STS-132 has completed its mission!
Six astronauts were on space shuttle Atlantis for the STS-132 mission. The STS-132 crew took a new section to the space station. The new piece is from Russia. The new room is called Rassvet, which means dawn
in Russian. This gives the station more storage space and a new place for Russian spacecraft to dock.
Astronaut Ken Ham was the STS-132 commander. Before becoming an astronaut, Ham was a pilot in the U.S. Navy. STS-132 was his second trip to space.
Astronaut Tony Antonelli was the STS-132 pilot. Antonelli was a pilot in the U.S. Navy before he became an astronaut. He flew his first mission in space as the pilot of STS-119.
Michael Good was a mission specialist. In 2009, Good was part of the last space shuttle crew to visit the Hubble Space Telescope. During that mission, he spent almost 16 hours working outside the space shuttle. The STS-132 mission was his first trip to the International Space Station.
STS-132 was Garrett Reisman's second trip into space. In 2008, he spent over three months living aboard the International Space Station. He was a flight engineer for the Expedition 16 and 17 missions.
Astronaut Piers Sellers is from the United Kingdom. Before he was an astronaut, he studied Earth's climate. The STS-132 mission was Sellers' third trip to space. He flew on space shuttle missions in 2002 and 2006.
Steve Bowen is the first submarine officer chosen to be a NASA astronaut. STS-132 was his second mission to space. In 2008, Bowen went on three spacewalks during his first mission, STS-126.
The STS-132 Patch
Each crew designs a patch that highlights its mission. The STS-132 patch has the names of the crew on a black border. The patch features Atlantis flying off into the sunset. This shows there are only two more shuttle flights planned after STS-132.
to learn about other missions. | <urn:uuid:2d297cde-dede-4d91-aa45-c0ec25b63661> | 2013-05-23T19:06:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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We apologize. We are having technical issues with our comment sections and fan community and it is temporarily unavailable. We are actively working on these issues and hope to have it up and running soon. We are also working on enhancements to provide a better forum for our fans. We appreciate your patience and apologize for the inconvenience. | <urn:uuid:bf2e141f-7db9-4a83-ab61-46a65abd7e0d> | 2013-05-23T18:38:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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It seems as of now that
Tiffany & Company
) stake is at an unfavorable position as the challenging economic
condition is taking away the sheen from this jewelry retailer.
This is quite apparent from its lackluster performance for the
fourth consecutive quarter and the lowered fiscal 2012
Sluggish Sales Trend
Tiffany's global net sales in the third quarter of fiscal 2012
rose 4%, following an increase of 2% in the second quarter, and
8% for both first-quarter fiscal 2012 and fourth-quarter fiscal
2011. From this perspective, it appears that sales growth rate
has increased sequentially, but it has fallen to low-single
digits from the high-single digit range.
Moreover, if we look back at the sales growth in the first
three quarters of fiscal 2011, the story is much clearer. Total
sales in the third, second and first quarters of fiscal 2011
enjoyed double-digit growth, increasing 21%, 30% and 20%,
Bottom-Line Missing Zacks Estimate
Tiffany continues to disappoint with its bottom line results.
The company's third-quarter 2012 bottom-line performance mirrored
the results of the second and first quarters of fiscal 2012, and
fourth quarter of fiscal 2011.
Third-quarter earnings of 49 cents a share fell way behind the
Zacks Consensus Estimate of 63 cents, and dropped sharply from 70
cents earned in the prior-year quarter. The disappointing result
was due to shriveled gross margin and higher tax rate, apart from
difficult year-over-year comparisons.
The company's second-quarter earnings of 72 cents a share had
missed the Zacks Consensus Estimate by a couple of cents, and
dropped sharply from 86 cents earned in the prior-year quarter.
First-quarter 2012 earnings of 64 cents a share came below the
Zacks Consensus Estimate of 69 cents, and dropped from 67 cents
delivered in the prior-year quarter. With regard to the
fourth-quarter 2011 performance, earnings of $1.39 per share fell
short of the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1.42, and dropped from
$1.44 posted in the prior-year quarter.
The earnings lagged the Zacks Consensus Estimates by 22.2%,
2.7% and 7.3% in the third, second and first quarters of fiscal
2012, respectively, and by 2.1% in the fourth quarter of
Given the weaker-than-expected third quarter results and
sluggish economic recovery in most of the countries, management
trimmed its fiscal 2012 outlook for the third time in a row. The
company now projects earnings in the range of $3.20 to $3.40 per
share, down from $3.55 to $3.70 forecasted earlier.
Tiffany now expects total net sales growth of 5% to 6% for
fiscal 2012, down from the 6% to 7% increase predicted
previously. Operating margin for the year is also expected to
contract. Moreover, gross margin in the fourth quarter is
expected to be lower than the prior-year quarter.
Downslide in Estimates
Following Tiffany's third quarter results, the Zacks Consensus
Estimates have been portraying a downward trend.
The Zacks Consensus Estimate for the fourth quarter of fiscal
2012 dropped by 12 cents to $1.47 per share in the last 7 days.
For the first quarter of fiscal 2013, the estimate fell 4 cents
to 70 cents. For fiscal 2012 and 2013, the Zacks Consensus
Estimates slid 32 cents and 30 cents to $3.27 and $3.80,
respectively, over the same time frame.
We will have to wait and watch as to how the story unfolds in
the fourth quarter. Currently, we maintain our long-term
"Underperform" recommendation on the stock. Moreover, Tiffany,
which faces stiff competition from
Signet Jewelers Limited
), holds a Zacks #4 Rank that translates into a short-term "Sell"
SIGNET GRP PLC (SIG): Free Stock Analysis
TIFFANY & CO (TIF): Free Stock Analysis
ZALE CORP NEW (ZLC): Free Stock Analysis
To read this article on Zacks.com click here. | <urn:uuid:8d8d3c47-7045-4ba3-9f48-d2340ea2a179> | 2013-05-23T18:55:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Disadvantages of Mutual Funds
Like many investments, mutual funds offer advantages and disadvantages, which are important for you to consider and understand before you decide to buy. Here we explore some of the drawbacks of mutual funds.
Mutual funds are like many other investments without a guaranteed return. There is always the possibility that the value of your mutual fund will depreciate. Unlike fixed-income products, such as bonds and Treasury bills, mutual funds experience price fluctuations along with the stocks that make up the fund. When deciding on a particular fund to buy, you need to research the risks involved - just because a professional manager is looking after the fund, that doesn't mean the performance will be stellar.
Another important thing to know is that mutual funds are not guaranteed by the U.S. government, so in the case of dissolution, you won't get anything back. This is especially important for investors in money market funds. Unlike a bank deposit, a mutual fund will not be FDIC insured.
Although diversification is one of the keys to successful investing, many mutual fund investors tend to overdiversify. The idea of diversification is to reduce the risks associated with holding a single security; overdiversification (also known as diworsification) occurs when investors acquire many funds that are highly related and so don't get the risk reducing benefits of diversification. To read more on this subject, see this article.
At the other extreme, just because you own mutual funds doesn't mean you are automatically diversified. For example, a fund that invests only in a particular industry or region is still relatively risky.
Cash, Cash and More Cash
As you know already, mutual funds pool money from thousands of investors, so everyday investors are putting money into the fund as well as withdrawing investments. To maintain liquidity and the capacity to accommodate withdrawals, funds typically have to keep a large portion of their portfolio as cash. Having ample cash is great for liquidity, but money sitting around as cash is not working for you and thus is not very advantageous.
Mutual funds provide investors with professional management; however, it comes at a cost. Funds will typically have a range of different fees that reduce the overall payout. In mutual funds the fees are classified into two categories: shareholder fees and annual fund-operating fees.
The shareholder fees, in the forms of loads and redemption fees, are paid directly by shareholders purchasing or selling the funds. The annual fund operating fees are charged as an annual percentage - usually ranging from 1-3%. These fees are assessed to mutual fund investors regardless of the performance of the fund. As you can imagine, in years when the fund doesn't make money these fees only magnify losses.
The misleading advertisements of different funds can guide investors down the wrong path. Some funds may be incorrectly labeled as growth funds, while others are classified as small-cap or income. The SEC requires funds to have at least 80% of assets in the particular type of investment implied in their names. The remaining assets are under the discretion solely of the fund manager.
The different categories that qualify for the required 80% of the assets, however, may be vague and wide-ranging. A fund can therefore manipulate prospective investors by using names that are attractive and misleading. Instead of labeling itself a small cap, a fund may be sold under the heading growth fund. Or, the "Congo High-Tech Fund" could be sold with the title "International High-Tech Fund".
Another disadvantage of mutual funds is the difficulty they pose for investors interested in researching and evaluating the different funds. Unlike stocks, mutual funds do not offer investors the opportunity to compare the P/E ratio, sales growth, earnings per share, etc. A mutual fund's net asset value gives investors the total value of the fund's portfolio less liabilities, but how do you know if one fund is better than another?
Furthermore, advertisements, rankings and ratings issued by fund companies only describe past performance. Always note that mutual fund descriptions/advertisements always include the tagline "past results are not indicative of future returns". Be sure not to pick funds only because they have performed well in the past - yesterday's big winners may be today's big losers.
When you buy any investment, it's important to understand both the good and bad points. If the advantages that the investment offers outweigh its disadvantages, it's quite possible that mutual funds are something to consider. Whether you decide in favor or against mutual funds, the probability of a successful portfolio increases dramatically when you do your homework.
see also: Advantages of Mutual Funds
by Investopedia Staff | <urn:uuid:ac830845-6e42-4575-87c2-7f53ece4c52a> | 2013-05-23T18:54:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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WA Delegate: None.
Founder: The United Kingdom of 0N
Embassies: Guardian Network.
UDSHR is home to a single nation.
Today's World Census Report
The Most Eco-Friendly Governments in UDSHR
The following governments spend the greatest amount on environmental issues. This may not always be reflected in the quality of that nation's environment, however.
As a region, UDSHR is ranked 15,982nd in the world for Most Eco-Friendly Governments.
|1.||The United Kingdom of 0N||Capitalist Paradise||“If it sells, it is art.”|
- 138 days ago: Embassy established between Guardian Network and UDSHR.
- 141 days ago: The United Kingdom of 0N agreed to construct embassies with Guardian Network.
- 141 days ago: The Free Land of Guardian Network of the region Guardian Network proposed constructing embassies.
- 147 days ago: The United Kingdom of 0N established the region's flag.
- 147 days ago: The United Kingdom of 0N arrived from Outland.
- 147 days ago: The United Kingdom of 0N updated the World Factbook entry.
- 147 days ago: The region was founded by The United Kingdom of 0N.
UDSHR Regional Message Board
There are no lodged messages at present. | <urn:uuid:04bfb940-9d1e-4c36-b82b-f3b69a315824> | 2013-05-23T18:45:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ashley Ingram is entering his sixth year at the Naval Academy coaching the centers and guards and his first as the running game coordinator.
Navy has compiled a record of 40-25 (.615) in Ingram's tenure, beating Army all five times, earning four bowl bids, winning three Commander-In-Chief's Trophies and beating Notre Dame twice.
Ingram helped lead Navy to an 8-5 record in 2012 and a berth in the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl. Navy defeated Air Force, 28-21, in overtime and Army, 17-13, to win the Commander-In-Chief's Trophy.
The win over Army marked Navy's 11th consecutive victory over its biggest rivals. Other big wins for Navy in 2012 included a come-from-behind 31-30 victory over Indiana and wins over bowl bound East Carolina (56-28) and Central Michigan (31-13).
Guard Josh Cabral was named All-East as the Mids finished sixth in the country in rushing (278.5 yards per game).
Navy was 5-7 in 2011, which included a series record 10th-straight victory over Army. Navy played seven teams that finished with a winning record and six that went to bowl games. The Mids finished fourth in the nation in rushing offense, averaging 312.3 yards per game, and 15th in the nation in turnover margin (+0.8). Guard John Dowd was named a First-Team Academic All-American for the second-consecutive year making him the first Two-Time First-Team Academic All-American in school history.
The Mids posted an impressive 9-4 record in 2010, defeated Army for a series-record ninth-consecutive time, defeated Notre Dame in consecutive seasons for only the third time in school history and appeared in a school-record eighth-consecutive bowl game. The Mids finished sixth in the country in rushing offense (284.8) and ninth in the country in passing efficiency (156.7).
The 2009 season was one to remember, as the Mids tied a school record for wins with 10, won a school-record seventh-consecutive Commander-In-Chief's Trophy, appeared in a school-record seventh-consecutive bowl game and ran their winning streak against the other two Service Academies to an amazing 15-straight games. The Mids capped the season off with a 35-13 rout of Missouri in the Texas Bowl.
The Mids posted an 8-5 record in 2008 and participated in the EagleBank Bowl. The Mids won the Commander-In-Chief's Trophy thanks to a 33-27 victory over Air Force and a 34-0 win over Army. Other landmark wins during the 2008 season included a 24-17 victory over 16th-ranked Wake Forest, which was Navy's first win over a team ranked in the Associated Press Top 25 since 1985, as well as Navy's victory the previous week over Rutgers. It was the first time since 1981 that Navy beat teams currently in the BCS in back-to-back weeks.
Ingram came to Navy from Bucknell, where he served as the offensive coordinator and offensive line coach for two seasons.
In Ingram's first year as offensive coordinator at Bucknell in 2006, the Bison went from one win the previous year to six and ranked fifth in the nation in rushing offense, averaging 235.2 yards per game, and reduced their turnover total from 33 the previous season to 14.
Ingram came to Bucknell from Rhode Island, where he served as offensive line coach and recruiting coordinator, while also serving as team liaison in the areas of admissions, academic progress, class registration and scheduling.
During his tenure at Rhode Island, the Rams led the Atlantic 10 in rushing five of his six seasons and finished second in the nation in rushing yards in 2003, averaging 333.8 yards per contest. While at Rhode Island, Ingram mentored six All-Atlantic 10 performers and one All-American, and was part of an outstanding 8-3 season in 2001.
A native of Iron City, Ga., and a 1996 graduate of the University of North Alabama, Ingram was a four-year letterman on the offensive line and helped his team win Division II national titles in 1993, 1994 and 1995. He entered the coaching ranks as a graduate assistant, first at North Alabama in 1997, then in the spring of '97 he was at Temple University. After spending a year at North Cobb High School in Kennesaw, Ga. in 1998, he became the offensive line coach at the University of West Alabama in 1999, then at Rhode Island in 2000.
Ingram and his wife, Jenifer, are the parents of a daughter, Laura, and son, James. | <urn:uuid:206be099-5ad8-4a8d-8c84-81fb2c5a0dbc> | 2013-05-23T18:38:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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By Official Release
Posted Apr 9 2012 2:36PM
NEW YORK -- The Miami Heat's LeBron James and the Houston Rockets' Goran Dragic today were named the Eastern and Western Conference Players of the Week, respectively, for games played Monday, April 2, through Sunday, April 8.
James led the Heat to a 3-1 week with averages of 30.5 points, 5.8 rebounds, 5.5 assists and 2.3 steals. James led Miami in scoring and minutes in all four games, and steals and assists three times each. James tallied a season-high 41 points during a 99-93 win over Philadelphia on April 3.
Dragic helped the Rockets to a 3-0 week with averages of 20.7 points, 8.3 assists, 3.0 rebounds and 2.7 steals. Dragic, who has reached double figures in scoring in a career-high 18 consecutive games, posted 21 points and tied a career high with four steals during a 99-93 win over the Bulls on April 2.
Here is a recap of the week for James and Dragic:
April 3 vs. Philadelphia: Tallied 41 points, six rebounds, four assists and three steals in a 99-93 win over the 76ers.
April 4 vs. Oklahoma City: Posted 34 points, 10 assists, seven rebounds and four steals in a 98-93 win over the Thunder.
April 8 vs. Detroit: Collected 26 points, four rebounds and two assists in a 98-75 win over the Pistons.
April 2 @ Chicago: Scored 21 points and added five assists and four steals in a 99-93 win over the Bulls.
April 6 @ L.A. Lakers: Scored 26 points and added 11 assists, four rebounds and three steals in a 112-107 win over the Lakers.
April 8 @ Sacramento: Posted 15 points, nine assists and four rebounds in a 104-87 win over the Kings.
Other nominees for the Eastern and Western Conference Players of the Week were Atlanta's Josh Smith, Memphis' O.J. Mayo, Milwaukee's Brandon Jennings, New York's Carmelo Anthony, San Antonio's Tony Parker and Utah's Al Jefferson.
|Paul George vs. Heat|
Paul George showcased his skills in game 1 when the Pacers came up just short against the Heat.
|Through the Lens: PG vs LBJ|
Check out the duel between Paul George and LeBron James from Game 1 in super slow-motion!
|Pacers Backcourt Analysis|
Greg Anthony and Dennis Scott discuss what the Indiana guards may need to adjust in Game 2.
|Spurs Grizzlies Game 3 Talk|
Dennis Scott and Greg Anthony analyze what the Grizzlies need to do in Game 3 to get a win.
|Pacers vs. Heat: Game 1|
LeBron James records a triple-double and hits the game-winner as Miami beats Indiana in an overtime thriller. | <urn:uuid:8c16a717-5de5-48e0-acf3-8f18fbd10c9d> | 2013-05-23T18:49:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) leader Akbaruddin Owaisi has been sent to five-day police custody by a court in Nirmal town in Andhra Pradesh's Adilabad district. The police had sought Mr Owaisi's custody for seven days to interrogate him.
The 42-year-old legislator was arrested earlier this week by the Hyderabad Police on charges of delivering a hate speech in Adilabad last month. He faces a number of charges including sedition, waging or attempting to wage war against the state, promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, and for deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings.
The police will question Mr Owaisi for five days from Saturday, every day between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m.
While seeking his custody, the police said Mr Owaisi did not cooperate during the questioning after his arrest and they need to question him further. Mr Owaisi's lawyer opposed the police petition on the ground that he is not well. The magistrate directed police to provide necessary medical help and not to subject him to physical or mental torture.
The court adjourned the hearing on Mr Owaisi's petition till January 16, seeking special prisoner status for the legislator.
Meanwhile, a complaint was filed with the National Investigation Agency (NIA) today, seeking a ban on Akbaruddin Owaisi holding any public meetings and giving speeches, as it "bears a serious threat to the security of India." The complaint was filed by one Muthyam Prabhudas.
Yesterday, his older brother Asaduddin Owaisi, who is a Lok Sabha MP and heads the MIM, accused the Congress government in Andhra Pradesh of being "communal" in charging Akbaruddin with waging war against the state. He told NDTV, "By booking him under section 121, the government has shown its communal bent of mind... the feedback I am getting is that people are really angry. They are questioning how the government can impose section 121 of the IPC... how the government can say that Akbaruddin Owaisi is waging war against the government." Mr Owaisi senior alleged that by imposing section 121 and saying Akbaruddin has waged war against India, they are not just questioning him but questioning the loyalty of all Muslims of Andhra Pradesh.
Akbaruddin Owaisi was sent to jail for two weeks by a court early on Wednesday morning after undergoing medical tests at a government hospital in Nirmal. The MLA had pleaded that he be spared questioning on medical grounds. That plea was rejected after the tests as was his petition seeking transfer to a Hyderabad jail, again on medical grounds.
The legislator returned from London early on Monday and was arrested on Tuesday. He was then taken to a police station in Nirmal, about 200 km from Hyderabad, amid tight security. There was tension near the police station as some legislators staged a protest when they were not allowed to proceed towards it. Some of them had earlier tried to stop the convoy carrying Mr Owaisi but were dispersed by the police.
Akbaruddin Owaisi, who leads the MIM in the Andhra Pradesh Assembly, represents Chandrayangutta constituency in the Old City of Hyderabad for a third time.
(With inputs from IANS | <urn:uuid:1fd6ec56-8099-44a6-97fc-52bb680c8594> | 2013-05-23T19:00:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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BackgroundCreate the best restaurant in the world by cooking up yummy dishes, making your customers happy, greeting them when they stop by, and keeping your restaurant squeaky clean in this vibrant and fast-paced restaurant simulation game for Nintendo DS™ and Wii™.
Keeping a top-quality restaurant takes a lot of work, and your waitress will need help-keep the place clean, make deliveries, ring up customers, and more.
Also features three difficulty levels, over 10 additional cooking mini-games, and Free Mode to replay completed levels and try for the top score.
- Work against the clock to turn your restaurant into the best restaurant in the world.
- Beyond cooking minigames - Juggle making delicious food, keeping everything squeaky clean, greeting customers, and helping your waitress to improve your restaurant's popularity.
- Prepare yummy dishes including steaks, pasta, burgers, pizza and more!
- Take care of VIP customers who will push your service and cooking skills to the limit.
- Replay each level from Story Mode in Free Mode and challenge your high score.
- Unlock 11 fun cooking mini-games to further hone your skills.
- Three levels of difficulty for beginners and master chefs alike. | <urn:uuid:5d2a8455-d7fe-4455-8dff-73c8e7a1e71d> | 2013-05-23T19:08:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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So sorry the signback is so late; Deis is a very busy person. Without her, my life would mean nothing, for I am absolutely worthless. She's so generous that she's allowing me to use her name in public, which is something that I otherwise wouldn't dream of doing.
She's the most beautiful woman in the world, and being her slave is a privilege, rather than a burden.
From the slave, verdantabyss. | <urn:uuid:e8a800ab-a4a1-494d-ba91-1742d15c55c5> | 2013-05-23T18:33:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Thursday, May 23, 2013
Can Abnormal Test Results Disqualify an Organ Transplant Candidate?
If a candidate for tranplantation is assessed has having abnormal test results, does this disqualify him for a transplant?
For lung transplantation, all candidates are assessed to see if they have antibodies against proteins (these proteins are called antigens) that are commonly present in others within the general population. This assessment is done with a test called a Panel of Reactive Antigens (PRA), which is performed by measuring the antibodies that a candidate's immune system generates in response to being exposed to blood or tissue from another person.
If a candidate is found to have a "high" PRA value, that means that they have several antibodies against antigens seen in the general population. Should such a candidate receive an organ from a person to whom they already have antibodies, then there would be a high risk of sudden and severe rejection of the transplanted organ. Conversely, candidates who have "low" PRA values are assessed to be at a low risk for experiencing early severe rejection because it is statistically unlikely that they would receive an organ from someone to whom they had pre-formed antibodies.
For those candidates that may have a "high" PRA value, a special matching procedure can be performed where, following identification of a specific donor, the candidate's blood is tested directly against that of the donor (as opposed to the general population) to see if the candidate has pre-formed antibodies to the specific donor. This is called a prospective crossmatch. If the prospective crossmatch is "high," then the candidate again is shown to have excessive pre-formed antibodies to the donor tissue and the transplant will likely not take place.
However, to do this test requires more time. Also, because lungs are very perishable, the need to perform this test may impact on how far a surgeon can travel to retrieve a lung from a donor whose blood would have to be tested against the blood of the candidate.
David R Nunley, MD, FCCP
Former Associate Professor
College of Medicine
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Fantastic Four covers
First Issue #1 - November 1961
Last #416 - September 1996
Continued in Fantastic Four (1996 series)
Fantastic Four comic books were the first super-hero series published by Marvel comic books in the "Silver Age" of comics. One of the most important titles in comic history. This was Stan Lee's and Jack Kirby's first great collaboration. The early issues were reprinted in "Marvel Collector's Item Classics", which was re-titled "Marvel's Greatest Comics" | <urn:uuid:e944a2ad-89af-4453-9ed1-701026aa8ceb> | 2013-05-23T18:40:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Villanova, PA (Sports Network) - Villanova assistant men's basketball coach
Doug Martin has resigned his post.
A release issued on Saturday by the university stated that Martin decided to
step aside due to inaccuracies on his resume.
"I have always known Doug to be a good person and coach," stated Villanova
head coach Jay Wright. "He has taken responsibility for his mistake and will
move on successfully! We all wish Doug well."
Martin joined Villanova's staff earlier in the week, having taken over for the
departed Doug West.
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Winnie Johnson, mother of Moors Murders victim Keith Bennett, dies
WINNIE Johnson, the mother Moors Murder victim Keith Bennett has died, her solicitor has confirmed. For decades, Mrs Johnson, 78, had fought tirelessly for answers and pleaded with serial killer Ian Brady to reveal the location of her son's grave in order to …
Inside the mind of a serial killer: What makes Ian Brady tick and the self-serving …
Has Ian Brady finally revealed where he buried Keith Bennett?
Ian Brady 'may have revealed' Keith Bennett burial place | <urn:uuid:017f9db1-d4a4-4529-b706-6f6a3a4c2cac> | 2013-05-23T19:04:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Visit your parents. That's an order. So says China, whose national legislature today amended its law on the elderly to require that adult children visit their aged parents "often" —or risk being sued by them. The amendment does not specify how frequently...
Read full story » | <urn:uuid:63fbbf33-52a5-420e-b78e-5ab874c39368> | 2013-05-23T19:00:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Zen, Japan and the art of democracy
Foreign observers have long been baffled by Japan’s self-discipline in the face of multiple disaster
Western Europe has experienced only one "killer" earthquake of similar magnitude to the one that struck Japan on 11 March 2011. Even so, the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, also followed by a tsunami and fire, caused a profound though arguably short-lived crisis in western thought. The indiscriminate loss of life challenged both Christian beliefs in God's benevolence and omnipotence and the Enlightenment's new, humanist conception of a well-ordered universe (the German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz's "best of all possible worlds") with man as its rational and progressive centre.
Leading intellectuals such as Voltaire put God and nature on trial and found both guilty. Believers in the wrathful Old Testament God argued, however, that the disaster was divine punishment for the sins of Lisbon. At which Voltaire thundered: "Was Lisbon more sinful than London or Paris?" Rousseau wrote a letter to Voltaire in response, chiding him for his insults - not to God but to nature. If people had dispersed themselves throughout the natural world rather than being pent up in a crowded city, there would not have been so many deaths. The descendants of Rousseau can be found among those environmentalists who see the recent catastrophe in Japan as nature's revenge for the country's whaling.
The Lisbon earthquake was a one-off in European history. Memories of it faded. God was soon back in heaven and all was right with the world. One can only imagine the effect on European thought and culture if such events had become a regular occurrence over the past two and a half centuries, as they have been in Japan. Since 1755, Japan has experienced as many as two dozen major earthquakes, as well as countless smaller ones, reminding the people of the ever-present danger beneath their feet. But, as foreign observers always remark, the Japanese accept these catastrophes with an uncomplaining stoicism and self-discipline, and without the slightest hint of theological or humanistic crisis. To understand why, we must first look at the two major religious traditions of Japan, Shinto and Buddhism.
Modern Shinto descends from the animistic beliefs of the ancient Japanese, whose myths make clear that, like the pre-Christian Romans, they did not expect their gods to be unfailingly just or benevolent. The storm god in particular, Susano-o (whose name suggests the angry whistling and howling of the wind), could act like a divine hooligan when he was in a foul-weather mood. Like Zeus with his lightning bolts, Susano-o could devastate swaths of human settlement with a single blow. He could also be vengeful and sadistic. According to the oldest collection of Japanese myths, the Kojiki (712), once, when he was angry with his sister the sun goddess, he ran amok, destroyed her rice fields, defecated in her hall, flayed her pony alive and hurled it at her spinning loom and then murdered one of her attendants. His sister was so outraged that she hid in a cave, causing darkness to fall. Only when she was tempted to peek out by her fellow gods' laughter - reputedly provoked by another goddess's striptease - was light restored to the world.
The ancient Japanese were practical, worldly people - again, much like the ancient Romans - and they seem to have felt little inclination to philosophise about why their gods took pleasure in periodically inflicting on them major natural disasters. They accepted these catastrophes as a part of human life and built their homes of lightweight materials that would not fall too heavily on their heads. It wasn't until Buddhism arrived in the 6th century that the Japanese began to try to explain their frequent experience of death and mass upheaval from a wider, philosophical perspective.
With its central doctrines of accepting that life is transient and full of suffering and that it is therefore necessary to free oneself through enlightenment from the wheel of life and death, Buddhism had a satisfying, ready-made world-view for a cataclysm-prone country. The Buddhist attitude is well expressed by the 13th-century hermit Kamo no Chomei, who fled to the hills above Kyoto to escape a series of natural and man-made disasters. In his poetic diary, An Account of My Hut (1212), he admonishes us: "The flow of the river is ceaseless and its water is never the same. The bubbles that float in the pools, now vanishing, now forming, are not of long duration: so in the world are man and his dwellings." Echoes of Heraclitus.
This sense of life as transient and fragile was elaborated into a more formal philosophy by Dogen (1200-53), the Thomas Aquinas of Zen Buddhism. Dogen's philosophy is one of impermanence and emptiness, or non-essentialism: it is not only nature that has no fixed or permanent identity; neither does man. "The thought of enlightenment . . . is the mind which sees into impermanence." Or, more poetically:
To what shall I liken the world?
Shaken from a crane's bill.
Impermanence (mujo) became a central theme of Japanese art and literature and has permeated every other realm of the culture. It may seem paradoxical that, for all nature's savagery throughout their history, the Japanese have devoted so much of their literature and art to extolling its beauty. How can one love a cruel, pitiless, indifferent nature that produces earthquakes and tsunamis? The haiku poet Matsuo Basho's answer to this conundrum comes from Zen: if nature offends your ego, then transcend your ego by becoming one with nature.
Basho's life was full of loss and sorrow, but he turned to nature to transform, or "refine", that sorrow into what he called sabi (literally a sense of loneliness). This was an impersonal, ego-less state of oneness with nature and detachment from the self. For Basho, poetic practice was an exercise in self-abnegation, rather like what John Keats called "negative capability". As Keats wrote: "With a great poet, the sense of beauty overcomes every other consideration, or rather obliterates all consideration."
The haiku poet "empties" himself to experience nature as it is, unfiltered through the human ego. In the work of an English nature poet such as Wordsworth, poet and nature are equally present (in "Daffodils", he refers to himself eight times in 24 lines). In the best of Basho, the poet vanishes and only nature remains:
Pierce through rock.
The Japanese political response to disasters or unexpected national emergencies has been less inspiring. Since the Heisei era, the reign of the present emperor, began in 1989, Japan has faced a series of emergencies: the bursting of the financial bubble in 1990, the Kobe earthquake of 1995, the Aum Shinrikyo terrorist attack that same year and the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of April 2011. In each case, the response of the government and its elite bureaucracy has been lethargic and uninspired. If one is looking for a deeper cultural or historical reason for this apparent incapacity for quick thinking or flexible, responsive action, a good place to start with is Prince Shotoku (573-621).
Shotoku was the Alfred the Great of Japan. He "made" Japan just as Alfred made England by establishing the basis of a national identity and polity. In his constitution of 604, Shotoku advises his countrymen of the need for wa, or "harmony". The best way for a nation to attain harmony, he argues, is to have a wise ruler but, because wise rulers come along "only once in a thousand years", the next best way is to achieve consensus among the ruling class. The Japanese political establishment has taken this advice to heart ever since. The problem is that consensus does not work well in an emergency, which requires independent, decisive action on the part of a responsible leader.
Who is in charge in Japan? According to the country's first modern constitution of 1889, the emperor is sovereign - but the emperor has never really been in charge, at least not for the past millennium. Some right-wing thinkers have identified him with the Buddhist concept of mu, or "nothingness": the powerless centre of power, all the more powerful symbolically for being powerless politically. They view the emperor as a kind of negative polarity, holding the nation in harmonious, positive alignment (a mu that produces wa, so to speak). The problem is that not only the emperor, but the prime minister and all the senior government officials and bureaucrats seem to be manifestations of mu - incapable of taking a strong stand or any kind of independent action.
Fifteen prime ministers have served the emperor Akihito, who is now in the 23rd year of his reign. This is a less salutary form of mujo, or impermanence, and not one that inspires in the Japanese public much confidence in their leaders. In The Enigma of Japanese Power (1989), the Dutch journalist Karel van Wolferen describes Japan as a "stateless nation", controlled by a faceless, unaccountable, oligarchic elite from behind the scenes. Little has changed in the past 20 years.
In Ikiru (1952), Akira Kurosawa's film satirising bureaucracy, housewives in a poor neighbourhood of Tokyo petition City Hall to turn a mosquito-infested swamp into a playground. Holding their children, the women are sent from one government department to another, in a dizzying round of bureaucratic buck-passing. After finally being sent back to where they started, they explode in anger: "You're making a mockery of democracy!"
Japan's postwar democracy was still in its infancy and Kurosawa was trying to instruct his countrymen in a new way of thinking: that governments exist to serve their people. Looking at the political establishment's sluggish response to crisis 60 years later, one might doubt whether they ever took the lesson to heart.
Two weeks after the catastrophe of 11 March, doctors in Miyagi Prefecture in north-eastern Japan were complaining to the media that they and their patients were surviving on two balls of rice a day. The press was full of stories of citizens who had loaded their cars with noodles, rice or even restaurant food and had driven hundreds of kilometres to distribute these to victims throughout the coastal areas. They were able to do so because the roads were not clogged, as one might have expected, with military convoys distributing food and medicine and evacuating the wounded.
Trappings of modernity
Where was the government? The disaster had affected only a small part of the country; surely a more efficient distribution of food could have been possible, given the immense resources at Japan's command? Many had asked the same question after the Kobe earthquake - and that was not in an isolated region like Tohoku, but in a major city in central Japan. At that time, Kobe's infamous yakuza gained considerable public esteem by distributing food to the needy and homeless far more efficiently than the state was willing or able to do.
Despite its modern, democratic trappings, the Japanese government does not seem to understand that it is a public service. People exist to serve the state, not the other way around.
In the more psychologically powerful, symbolic terms preferred by the conservative establishment, the state is identified with the emperor. As the wartime slogan put it: "One hundred million lives for the emperor!"
As recently as 2000, Yoshiro Mori, the then prime minister, assured his audience at a meeting with pro-Shinto politicians, "Japan is a divine land centred on the emperor" - abrogating the postwar constitution at a single stroke. Similarly, after the Tohoku catastrophe, the governor of Tokyo, Shintaro Ishihara, caused outrage by declaring that the earthquake was "divine punishment" for Japan's present-day materialism. To which one might respond: isn't Tokyo a lot more materialistic than Tohoku, one of the poorest regions of Japan?
The present constitution, enacted on 3 May 1947, stipulates that the people are sovereign, not the emperor, as in the 1889 Meiji constitution. But many conservatives, it seems, still prefer the Meiji version. As Mori's remarks made clear, they feel nostalgia for the pre-war kokutai (national polity), which combined politics with Shinto. Again, such sentiments contravene the postwar separation of religion and state. To many right-wingers, the 1947 constitution is tainted because it was enforced by the Allied (mostly American) occupation authorities following Japan's defeat in the Second World War. It is perceived as "un-Japanese" and as an attempt to impose values that are alien to the country's culture and politics.
As the writer Yukio Mishima once remarked, the emperor is the political establishment's "joker", or trump card, to play when the chips are down. This trump card has long enabled the far right to cloak itself in the sanctified aura of "imperial tradition" and also enabled the establishment to escape the self-inflicted debacle of the Second World War almost miraculously intact, except for the token offering of a few sacrificial victims to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in 1946-48. This was in contrast to Japan's fascist allies in Europe, where the fall of Hitler and Mussolini forced a credible break with the older political systems in Germany and Italy.
Sure enough, now that the chips are down, the emperor has been despatched to visit earthquake victims, gracing his subjects with the divinity that "doth hedge a king". The people have welcomed his visits gratefully - but not so much those of the prime minister. When Naoto Kan visited the earthquake area three weeks after the event, one homeless 72-year-old woman seemed underwhelmed. "I don't expect anything from the government," she said.
Kan came into office in 2010 vowing to replace back-room rule by bureaucrats with a newly decisive politics. If the March earthquake was his first great test, however, one can hardly say that he has impressed. Kan survived a no-confidence vote on 2 June by promising to resign in the near future; by late June the opposition parties were demanding a firm date for his departure and, in protest at his tenure, delaying the implementation of a special budget for post-earthquake reconstruction. Victims have expressed outrage that crucial work has been delayed even further because of these familiar factional squabbles.
Revolutions in Japan have never originated with the people. They, too, have been imposed from above after power struggles among the ruling elite (the so-called Meiji Restoration of 1868 is a good example). The Japanese are a profoundly conservative people, and for understandable reasons. If the ground beneath one's feet has a habit of shaking, cracking and convulsing, one would hope for social and political stability, at least. Grumbling will follow the rumblings, but the shaky foundations of the state are likely to remain standing, however precariously.
Japan today desperately needs that leader who Prince Shotoku said appears only once a millennium - if not a Shotoku, at least a Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, prime minister of Portugal at the time of the great Lisbon earthquake, who, when asked by panicking officials what they should do, answered: "Feed the living and bury the dead."
Roy Starrs teaches Japanese studies at the University of Otago, New Zealand.
His latest book, "Modernism and Japanese Culture" (Palgrave Macmillan, £16.99), will be published on 20 October
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- Eleanor Margolis | <urn:uuid:5d8e92ce-5a64-412c-836d-550357c0aa10> | 2013-05-23T18:34:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Rosie the Rifleman
January 24, 2013By Tony Auth
The last time women in combat was an issue, many people were appalled. I did a drawing satirizing the unwillingness of people to send "the flower of our maidenhood off to be shot at, maimed, raped and killed. Hell no! Send the boys!"
No such problem this time around. That's equality for you. | <urn:uuid:bdddae75-dbc3-4722-a967-a896f1a8e09e> | 2013-05-23T18:31:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Thursday, January 31, 2008
The second reason why most of the TV programming that's watched on HDTV sets is still standard def is because HDTV programming isn't nearly as popular as HDTV sets. The evidence for this includes the fact that there are only about half as many households with subscriptions to HDTV programming packages as there are households with HDTV sets. There are several reasons for this. For one thing, HDTV has become something of a status symbol and the HDTV sets are much more evident of this status than having the HDTV programming to watch on them is. Another reason is that HDTV sets have the wide screen aspect ratio that many DVD's and an increasingly large number of standard definition TV shows are available in. The wider viewing area is a good way to heighten enjoyment of watching TV, and in many ways is more noticeable than the high resolution picture that you get with HDTV. Yet another reason is that modern video game systems like the Xbox 360 and Sony's Play Station 3 can display their graphics in high def resolutions and take advantage of the 16:9 aspect ratio of HDTV sets.
Despite all of this, many people find standard definition programming relatively unsatisfying on HDTV sets. There are several reasons for this. For one thing, the analog format that a lot of standard definition TV still comes in, isn't completely compatible with a lot of HDTV sets. This causes a worse picture in many ways than if the same programming was just displayed on a standard def screen. Another problem comes from the fact that HDTV screens are simply designed to display more pixels which result in a more detailed picture than you can get from a standard definition TV set or standard def programming. Therefore, the result of displaying standard def programming on such a high def screen is missing pixels which cause the picture to look grainy and generally low quality. This is especially obvious when standard def programming is displayed on a relatively large high def screen.
There is a way to combat this problem though- buy an HDTV set that's good at rendering standard def programming. There are a variety of sets that are better than average at doing this and they're made in a variety of technologies. DLP projection TV's and Plasma screen TV's can both be good at this, but there are more LCD screen HDTV sets on the market that are well rated for displaying standard def programming than any other type on the market. One thing that will help is getting an HDTV set with a built in up converter that will fill in the absent pixels to make the SD picture look sharper. Barring that, a smaller screen will look better because the gaps in the picture will be harder to see.
In all, this is a problem, but not one that can't be avoided with a little bit of foresight | <urn:uuid:2bc27ca1-8597-4e3a-bc70-9cc328305112> | 2013-05-23T18:30:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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March 2, 2013
David Coker stands with his global positioning system equipment next to a sign welcoming visitors to the town of Beaver Creek in the Yukon Territory of Canada, where he and his wife spent time geocaching.
Stories this photo appears in:
The first time Melissa Coker and her husband David searched for a cache, they almost didn't find it. The geocache novices used their global positioning system to look for the cache, a container that held a log book for them to record their names.. The GPS coordinates led them to | <urn:uuid:0226e25f-de0c-4466-af3e-3cf1c1bf5be3> | 2013-05-23T18:51:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Geneva Conventions (1949)
The Geneva Conventions consist of four treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns. They chiefly concern the treatment of non-combatants and prisoners of war. They do not affect the use of weapons in war, which are covered by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the Geneva Protocol on the use of gas and biological weapons of 1925. They were founded by two young men—Henry Dunant, founder of the Red Cross movement and Gustave Moynier, a co-founder—who cordially loathed each other. The role of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, a voluntary humanitarian organization as a non-state actor in monitoring the treatment of prisoners of war, and the conduct of war according to international law, is an example of how civil society, because it is sometimes more neutral than states, can play a pivotal part in helping to create a better, more humane world.
The Conventions were the results of efforts by Henry Dunant, who was motivated by the horrors of war he witnessed at the Battle of Solferino in 1859. The adoption of the First Convention followed the foundation of the International Committee of the Red Cross whose founder, Henry Dunant, initiated international negotiations that produced the Convention for the Amelioration of the Wounded in Time of War in 1864.
Because some belligerents in World War II had abused the principles contained in earlier conventions, an International Red Cross conference in Stockholm in 1948 extended and codified the existing provisions. The conference developed four conventions, which were approved in Geneva on August 12, 1949.
In the decades following World War II, the large number of anticolonial and insurrectionary wars threatened to render the Geneva Conventions obsolete. After four years of Red Cross-sponsored negotiations, two additional protocols to the 1949 conventions, covering both combatants and civilians, were approved in 1977.
As per article 49, 50, 129 and 146 of the Geneva Conventions I, II, III and IV, respectively, all signatory states are required to enact sufficient national laws that make grave violations of the Geneva Conventions a punishable criminal offense, this is what created the international criminal court. More than 180 states have become parties to the 1949 conventions. Approximately 150 states are party to Protocol I; more than 145 states are party to Protocol II, though the United States is not. In addition, more than 50 states have made declarations accepting the competence of international fact-finding commissions to investigate allegations of grave breaches or other serious violations of the conventions or of Protocol I.
The conventions and their agreements
- First Geneva Convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field" (first adopted in 1864, last revision in 1949)
- Second Geneva Convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea" (first adopted in 1949, successor of the 1907 Hague Convention X)
- Third Geneva Convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" (first adopted in 1929, last revision in 1949)
- Fourth Geneva Convention "relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War" (first adopted in 1949, based on parts of the 1907 Hague Convention IV)
In addition, there are three additional amendment protocols to the Geneva Convention:
- Protocol I (1977): Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts. As of January 12, 2007, it had been ratified by 167 countries.
- Protocol II (1977): Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts. As of January 12, 2007, it had been ratified by 163 countries.
- Protocol III (2005): Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem. As of June 2007 it had been ratified by 17 countries and signed but not yet ratified by an additional 68 countries.
All four conventions were last revised and ratified in 1949, based on previous revisions and partly on some of the 1907 Hague Conventions; the whole set is referred to as the "Geneva Conventions of 1949" or simply the "Geneva Conventions." Later conferences have added provisions prohibiting certain methods of warfare and addressing issues of civil wars. Nearly all 200 countries of the world are "signatory" nations, in that they have ratified these conventions.
Clara Barton was instrumental in campaigning for the ratification of the First Geneva Convention by the United States; the U.S. signed in 1882. By the Fourth Geneva Convention some 47 nations had ratified the agreements.
Other Geneva Conventions
Other conventions of the United Nations taking place in Geneva and agreements signed there have become part of international and national laws, but are not to be confused with the above-mentioned treaties though they may be referred to as "Geneva Conventions." These include the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951) and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (1967), and others.
Extent of Provisions
War on Terror
The war against terror following the attack on the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, has raised issues regarding the classification of prisoners. The United States classified many detainees in its facility at Guantanamo Bay as "illegal combatants" and argued that the terms of the Geneva Convention apply only to those individuals who abide by the rules of law. The ICRC, which has visited the camp and also Amnesty International, have argued that the detainees deserve the full protection of the Geneva Conventions, but the U.S.'s position was that that only some of the provisions of the Convention apply. Following a ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States in June 2006 rejecting the use of "special tribunals" to try detainees, and called for the application of the rule of law and conformity with the Geneva Conventions. Subsequently, the U.S. government announced that it would treat all prisoners captured during the war on terror according to the Geneva Conventions. On the one hand, some argue that the war on terror requires a revision of international humanitarian law to deal with changed circumstances, in which non-state actors do not follow the rules of war. On the other hand, the Supreme Court's ruling has been hailed as a vindication of the Geneva Convention's effectiveness.
West Bank and Gaza
One of the most debated issues surrounds the applicability of the Geneva Conventions to the West bank and Gaza strip following the Israeli occupation. Article two states that "The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance." The United Nations determined in 1979 that the Geneva Conventions do apply but this has been rejected by Israel, which hold that "the Fourth Geneva Convention is not applicable to the occupied territories." The International Court of Justice has ruled that the Convention does apply, which again can be interpreted as a vindication of the extent of the provisions of the Conventions.
- Human rights
- Red Cross
- Laws of war
- War crime
- ↑ The text is given at the ICRC website, Resolutions of the Geneva International Conference Retrieved February 7, 2008.
- ↑ Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, State Parties, Signatories Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, Parties / Signatories Retrieved February 7, 2008.
- ↑ Texts of all related documents available at the ICRC, 1949 Conventions and 1977 Protocols Retrieved February 7, 2008.
- ↑ Charles Lane, "High Court Rejects Detainee Tribunals." Washington Post, June 30, 2006, High Court Rejects Detainee Tribunals Retrieved February 7, 2008.
- ↑ "The Question of the Observance of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 in Gaza and the West Bank," United Nations, January 1, 1979, The Question of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 in Gaza and the West Bank Retrieved February 7, 2008.
- ↑ "Consider Geneva pact, Israel told," BBC News, August 24, 2004, Consider Geneva pact, Israel told Retrieved February 7, 2008.
- Bennett, Angela. 2005. The Geneva Convention the hidden origins of the Red Cross. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton. ISBN 9780750941471
- Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, and Howard S. Levie. Protection of War Victims Protocol 1 to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1979. ISBN 9780379007862
- Jinks, Derek. 2005. The rules of war: the Geneva Conventions in the age of terror. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195183627
- Levie, Howard S. The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict Protocol II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Scientific collection of the Henry Dunant Institute. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1987. ISBN 9789024734917
- Roth, Kenneth, Minky Worden, and Amy D. Bernstein. 2005. Torture - does it make us safer? is it ever OK?: a human rights perspective. New York: New Press. ISBN 9781595580573
All Links Retrieved February 7, 2008.
- Texts and commentaries of 1949 Conventions & Additional Protocols
- ICRC overview of the Geneva Conventions
- Reference Guide to the Geneva Conventions
- www.SupportGenevaConventions.info: Coalition for re-affirming and extending the Geneva Conventions
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. | <urn:uuid:4551846c-77a0-4f84-99fe-ce7f22367b68> | 2013-05-23T18:51:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Qian Xuesen was twenty-four years old in 1935, a fresh graduate of Shanghai Jiaotong University, when he used a scholarship to get to M.I.T. A year later, he moved to Caltech to earn his doctorate, and Theodore von Karman, a legendary Caltech professor, pronounced Qian an “undisputed genius.” When the U.S. went to war, he joined American scientists in the study of jet propulsion, and helped produce technology to counter German rockets. Then he joined the Manhattan Project.
In 1949, just as he was being named the first director of Caltech’s jet propulsion lab, the Chinese Communist Party rose to power in his homeland, and Qian was accused of being a Communist sympathizer; he acknowledged attending social gatherings with others who had been accused, but he firmly denied any political involvement. When he applied for U.S. citizenship, his application was denied. He lost his security clearance. When he applied to leave America, he was detained, because he was said to know too much about the American weapons system. Finally, in 1955, Qian was allowed to return to China.
“I do not plan to come back,” Qian told reporters at the time. “I have no reason to come back…. I plan to do my best to help the Chinese people build up the nation to where they can live with dignity and happiness.”
He never returned.
“It was the stupidest thing this country ever did,” former Navy Secretary Dan Kimball said later. “He was no more a Communist than I was, and we forced him to go.”
Qian was greeted in China as a hero. He became director of China’s rocket research and was named to the Central Committee of the Communist Party. In 1964, China tested its first nuclear weapon, an extraordinary measure of its development, and a moment that gave a symbolic jumpstart to a rapid modernization of science and technology.
Qian died last week, at the age of ninety-eight. The late Iris Chang, who wrote a book about Qian, concluded that the Immigration and Naturalization Service had no concrete evidence to back up its charge that Qian was a Communist. The L.A. Times writes, “Few can agree on the question of whether Qian was a spy. An examination of the papers Qian packed away failed to turn up any classified documents.” Caltech has long stood behind him; in 1979, the university gave him its distinguished alumni award in recognition of his pioneering work in rocket science, and this week it said, “No evidence was produced to substantiate the allegations, and [Qian] and his colleagues in academia, government, and industry protested that they were nonsense.”
These days, China is moving ahead on its plan to put a man on the moon in the next decade. Qian is being widely credited for his leadership of the space and missile program. There are few people who ever made such a lasting impression on these two countries—whether Qian ever intended to be one of them or not. | <urn:uuid:944dcf8b-02fa-4bde-8c26-6aff425aabda> | 2013-05-23T19:06:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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About this product:
This graphic shows an approximate representation of coastal areas under a hurricane warning (red), hurricane watch (pink), tropical storm warning (blue) and tropical storm watch (yellow). The orange circle indicates the current position of the center of the tropical cyclone. The black line and dots show the National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecast track of the center at the times indicated. The dot indicating the forecast center location will be black if the cyclone is forecast to be tropical and will be white with a black outline if the cyclone is forecast to be extratropical. If only an L is displayed, then the system is forecast to be a remnant low. The letter inside the dot indicates the NHC's forecast intensity for that time:
D: Tropical Depression – wind speed less than 39 MPH
S: Tropical Storm – wind speed between 39 MPH and 73 MPH
H: Hurricane – wind speed between 74 MPH and 110 MPH
M: Major Hurricane – wind speed greater than 110 MPH
NHC tropical cyclone forecast tracks can be in error. This forecast uncertainty is conveyed by the track forecast "cone", the solid white and stippled white areas in the graphic. The solid white area depicts the track forecast uncertainty for days 1-3 of the forecast, while the stippled area depicts the uncertainty on days 4-5. Historical data indicate that the entire 5-day path of the center of the tropical cyclone will remain within the cone about 60-70% of the time. To form the cone, a set of imaginary circles are placed along the forecast track at the 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h positions, where the size of each circle is set so that it encloses 67% of the previous five years official forecast errors. The cone is then formed by smoothly connecting the area swept out by the set of circles.
There is also uncertainty in the NHC intensity forecasts. The Maximum 1-minute Wind Speed Probability Table provides intensity forecast and uncertainty information.
It is also important to realize that a tropical cyclone is not a point. Their effects can span many hundreds of miles from the center. The area experiencing hurricane force (one-minute average wind speeds of at least 74 mph) and tropical storm force (one-minute average wind speeds of 39-73 mph) winds can extend well beyond the white areas shown enclosing the most likely track area of the center. The distribution of hurricane and tropical storm force winds in this tropical cyclone can be seen in the Wind History graphic linked above.
Considering the combined forecast uncertainties in track, intensity, and size, the chances that any particular location will experience winds of 34 kt (tropical storm force), 50 kt, or 64 kt (hurricane force) from this tropical cyclone are presented in tabular form for selected locations and forecast positions. This information is also presented in graphical form for the 34 kt, 50 kt, and 64 kt thresholds.
Note: A detailed definition of the NHC track forecast cone is also available. | <urn:uuid:4ce27885-3064-4fd9-bf45-8ddd0080f661> | 2013-05-23T18:30:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Skating with the greats -- Selanne set the all-time Olympic scoring record Friday by assisting on Kimmo Timonen’s second goal of the game as Finland jumped out to a 3-0 lead in what ended as a 5-0 victory over Germany. Selanne drew the secondary assist on Timonen’s goal with 3:57 remaining in the second period. It was his 37th point in Olympic competition (20 goals, 17 assists), spanning five separate Winter Games beginning in 1992.
Selanne had been tied with Valeri Kharlamov of Russia, Vlastimil Bubnik of the former Czechoslovakia and Harry Watson of Canada.
Finnish captain Saku Koivu retrieved the record-setting puck from the linesman and handed it over to the Finnish trainers for safe-keeping, according to Lucas Aykroyd at IIHF.com.
"I was always in the arena whenever the Red Army then the Soviet Union played with all those great players, the 'KLM' line," Selanne said. "When you look at those guys, that's when you realize what you've accomplished."
"Back then, those Russian guys [like Kharlamov] were on a different planet and you never thought that a Finnish guy could compete with them," Koivu said. "Now he passed them, too. That's amazing, and I am really happy for him."
"It's very difficult to think he's almost 40-years-old," Finnish coach Jukka Jalonen said. "He plays like he's 30-years-old. Great athlete. Great leader. Great person."
Good times roll for Jagr -- "He came, he saw, he conquered. Again." So begins the Canadian Press' account of Jagr's performance Friday, as he scored for the second time in as many games and looked dominant in the Czech Republic's 5-2 victory over Latvia.
But it was Jagr's post-game comments that have fueled speculation about a possible return to the NHL.
"NHL is a special League, no question about it. It has a lot of history and I think I was playing 18 years in the NHL and then I decided I am going to go back to Russia, and I cannot say anything about my decision because I said I am not going to look back," Jagr said. "I'm just going to finish my contract there and then I am going to make a decision what I'm going to do next. But they treat me so well in Russia that it would be tough to leave them. On the other side, I want to maybe try to come here.
"I love it in the NHL and I love it in Russia. Whatever happens happens, and I'll be satisfied with everything."
Jagr clearly is relishing his Olympic experience, both on the ice and with reporters. From the Vancouver Sun's Elliott Pap:
"I always had fun, you guys just didn't see it," he protested, smiling. "I didn't show it but, inside, I was having fun. The difference is because there was a lot more pressure on me before. Now I let the other guys do it."
"Jagr ... has even has let his once shoulder-length locks grow out again," the Toronto Star's Damien Cox notes.
"How can I be closest to the Jagr of 15 years ago?'" he told reporters. "I'm not going to score the goals I did. I'm not going to play the same I did. This is the only way I can do it."
Familiar Forsberg -- Forsberg was held scoreless for the second-consecutive game in Sweden's 4-2 victory over Belarus yesterday, yet statistics, as the Globe and Mail's Gary Mason points out, don't tell the whole story.
"There is something so familiar in every stride he takes. In the widening of his eyes as he closes in on the puck," Mason writes.
"There are still signs of that legendary strength, too. In his prime, Peter Forsberg was the hardest player in the NHL to knock off a puck. He would fend off attackers with one arm while carrying the puck with the other, looking for someone to pass it to.
"Even with his best years far behind him, Forsberg still leaves you transfixed.
"Engulfed by a swarm of reporters after the game, Forsberg admitted he was 'scared' coming to the tournament because the game was going to be played on a smaller, NHL-sized ice surface so everything would be faster. Could he match the speed? He didn't offer even the slightest hint that he was hoping to use these Olympics as an NHL audition for someone. If anything, he sounded like someone resigned to where he is in his hockey life now - near the end."
Rivalry Sunday -- From the moment the Olympic men's hockey schedule was released months ago, hockey fans circled the date Sunday, Feb. 21 as can't-miss appointment viewing.
Wayne Scanlan of Canwest News Service explains why.
"Schedule makers, like hockey referees, prefer not to be noticed. Whoever arranged the Olympic hockey schedule for Sunday, however, should be given the key to the city. In the span of about 11 hours, three of the greatest rivalries in international hockey will be centre stage at the Vancouver Olympics.
"Take your pick. First, the Czech Republic faces Russia. Next, Canada plays the U.S. And in the finale, Sweden and Finland write the next chapter of their Scandinavian rivalry.
"Rivalry Sunday. Super Sunday. Call it what you want. For hockey fans, it's a feast." | <urn:uuid:b5ec321b-4415-4ebd-af4a-0b8a3844bc08> | 2013-05-23T18:58:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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1. Loopback Test
A loopback test can be used to troubleshoot serial communications. It can show problems in the serial port, the cable, or the software generating the messages without having to connect to third party hardware. By connecting the proper wires, a loopback test can verify the operation of serial communication. Loopback tests can be used for RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 serial communication.
For more information on RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 see the Serial Communication Overview. Note that not all serial devices, especially those with many connections on one card, allow hardware flow control on every serial output of the device.
To perform a loopback test for RS-232, the TXD pin must be connected to the RXD pin. This allows the data to flow from the transmit to the receive pins. Since the communication is differential for RS-422 and RS-485, the TXD+ connects to the RXD+ and the TXD- connects to the RXD- pins.
A more advanced loopback test that allows hardware flow control will need more pins connected to allow the flow control signals to be properly passed. For RS-232, the CTS and RTS pins must be connected along with the DTR and DSR pins. For RS-422 and RS-485, CTS+ should be connected to RTS+ and CTS- should be connected to RTS-.
For more information about National Instrument’s serial interfaces, visit ni.com/serial.
DE-9 (DB9) Connector
The DE-9 connector is the most common serial connector. This connector is found on National Instrument’s one and two port serial interfaces.
Figure 1: Pinout diagram for DE-9 Connector
To perform a loopback test with no hardware flow control, you will need to connect pins 2 and 3 for RS-232 and pins 4 to 8 and 5 to 9 for RS-422/485. These connections can be seen in red below (figure 2 for RS-232 and figure 3 for RS-422/485).
When using hardware flow control, you will need to connect pins 4 to 6 and 7 to 8 for RS-232. Pins 7 and 8 are used for RTS/CTS hardware flow control where pins 4 and 6 are used for DTR/DSR hardware flow control. For RS-422/485, you will need to connect pins 2 to 3 and 6 to 7. Both of these connections are required for RTS/CTS hardware flow control since RS-422/485 have differential connections. These connections can be seen in blue below (figure 2 for RS-232 and figure 3 for RS-422/485).
Figure 2: RS-232 female DE-9 plug with connections required for loopback test
Figure 3: RS-422/485 female DE-9 plug with connections required for loopback test
This connector is not as common as the DE-9 connector. This connector can still be used to perform a loopback test with a method similar to the one used for the DE-9 connector.
Figure 4: Pinout diagram for DB-25 Connector
Most of the pins on DB-25 connectors are not connected since only nine pins are used for RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 communication.
To perform a loopback test with no hardware flow control with a DB-25 connector, connect pins 2 to 3 for RS-232. For RS-422/485 connect pins 5 to 20 and 7 to 22. The required connections can be seen in red on figures 5 and 6.
For hardware flow control using RS-232, pins 4 and 5 must be connected along with pins 6 and 20. When using RS-422/485, pin 5 must connect to pin 20 and pin 7 must connect to pin 22. This will allow the loopback test to use the proper flow control lines. These connections can be seen in blue on figures 5 and 6.
Figure 5: RS-232 female DB-25 plug with connections required for loopback test
Figure 6: RS-422/485 female DB-25 plug with connections required for loopback test
10P10C (RJ50) Connector
This connector is most commonly found on National Instrument’s 4 port serial interfaces. The National Instrument 4 port serial interfaces come with 4 10P10C to DE-9 male converter cables.
Figure 7: Pinout diagram for RJ50 Connector
It is not recommended to use the 10P10C connector by itself to perform a loopback test due to the small separation between pins. Using a 10P10C to DE-9 connector (Part Number 192190-01), a looback test can be performed using the methods described above.
3. Performing a Loopback Test in Hyperterminal
1. Create a new connection with any name and icon.
2. Select the communications port you would like to test
3. Select the type of flow control you would like to use. Note that Xon / Xoff is software flow control and will only require that the TXD and RXD pins to be connected.
4. Type a message using the computer's keyboard. Any data that shows in Hyperterminal is received from the device.
4. Performing a Loopback test in Measurement & Automation Explorer
1. Open Measurement & Automation Explorer and select the communications port you would like to use.
2. Ensure the proper settings are selected for flow control.
3. Save the settings by selecting the Save button then select the Open VISA Test Panel button
4. On the Write tab, type the message you would like to send (followed by a \n) then select Execute
5. On the Read tab, select Execute and verify the message
5. Performing a Loopback test in LabVIEW
Note: For a free evaluation copy of LabVIEW, visit ni.com/trylabview
1. Start LabVIEW
2. Select Help»Find Examples...
3. Browse to Hardware Input and Output»Serial»Basic Serial Write and Read.vi
4. Ensure the proper settings are selected, enter the string you would like to write in the "string to write" box, and then select the white run arrow on the toolbar. | <urn:uuid:5bf52f27-bc9b-4e61-944a-44e54805be13> | 2013-05-23T18:32:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Nigel Keay - the dancer leads the procession (1999)
- the dancer... performed by Jeffrey Grice (recorded by Concert FM, a network of Radio New Zealand ) (Total duration: 9'16")
the dancer leads the procession was written for Jeffrey Grice while I was living in Caen in 1999, shortly after I had moved to France.
I began working on the material for the dancer as long ago as 1989. This initial inspiration, founded on the sounds and structure of the Javanese Gamelan, was linked to a specific event.
In 1984, when in Java, I had attended a traditional-style wedding ceremony. At the start, the marriage couple were led into the venue by a dancer accompanied by the gamelan who were already installed there. The couple were young, but the dancer could have been in his fifties; he was obviously a master of his art. The trio moved very slowly passing at one stage directly in front of the Gamelan. The dancer’s style was extremely graceful & refined, with many slowly moving expressive gestures of the arms and hands. When directly in front of the Gamelan the dancer turned toward the musicians for a few seconds, and instantly his style of dance changed into something quite different. Frenetically indulging in all the off-beats, he was grooving along with it.
Everybody loved this brief and direct acknowledgment to the musicians, and didn’t hesitate to show their enthusiasm. The dancer then returned to the previous style and carried on with the procession moving away from the Gamelan.
I remained fascinated by this particular concept of a multi-levelled music and wanted to reflect the idea in the dancer without emulating specific gamelan techniques. There seemed to be two elements, one representing the long range cycles marked by the large gongs (the slow graceful dance style), and the other of the bustling upper instruments with the constant hocketing.
the dancer leads the procession was performed by Jeffrey Grice at Salle Gaveau in Paris on Wednesday 14th February 2007.the dancer leads the procession was performed by Jeffrey Grice at Salle Gaveau in Paris on Wednesday 14th February 2007.
Jeffrey Grice (piano). A New Zealander, long resident in France, Jeffrey Grice has performed regularly in Europe and France as a soloist and chamber musician. In 1999 he was made an "Officier de l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres" by the French government for services in the field of music. Born in Christchurch Jeffrey Grice studied languages and music at Auckland University. He then continued his piano studies in Paris, obtaining the Licence de Concert de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Musique. Other formative influences came from a year spent in Israel with Enrique Barenboim, and from the coaching of Charles Rosen and Florencia Raitzin.
A laureate of the Yehudi Menuhin Foundation, the Cziffra Foundation and the Sophia-Antipolis Foundation, performing regularly in Europe and Japan as a soloist and chamber musician, with many prominent conductors and performers.
He has recorded in Europe for Calliope, Erato and Integral Classic and in Japan for Sony Classical, Cosmo Village and JVC. | <urn:uuid:76cdd42b-06da-4623-9a0a-08db53b3846e> | 2013-05-23T18:58:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Answer Spot addresses post-Hurricane Katrina questions. To submit a question, send it to firstname.lastname@example.org.
I received my $7,500 check through the Road Home's mitigation program. The letter says the funds are intended, "but not limited to," window protection, hurricane straps or clips, bolting walls to foundation, strengthening doors, anchoring a propane tank or heating fuel tank, elevating electric panels and the washer, dryer, furnace or water heater. I called Road Home and asked what else the funds may be used for (as per the "but not limited to"), and they could not tell me. Do you have an answer?
The Road Home's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program awards homeowners up to $7,500 to pay for specific non-elevation mitigation measures. We don't have a complete list of the mitigation measures the grant money can be used for, but there are at least two that you didn't mention.
You can use the grant money to install bracing on garage doors and to install backflow valves. | <urn:uuid:02d9cc4b-ef5e-41c9-8ff9-e88c4f133783> | 2013-05-23T19:05:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hurricane Sandy has churned northward through the northern Caribbean, across Cuba, and through the Bahamas during the past three days, leaving in its wake plenty of mayhem. Sandy's story may not yet be finished.
While it is quite normal to see tropical cyclones rear their ugly heads across the Caribbean during October and even into November, these storms normally will track northward for a short time before turning harmlessly off to the northeast, into the Atlantic.
The Weather Channel has this special coverage.
Thanks to a large roadblock in the upper atmosphere across the North Atlantic and eastern Canada during the next several days, it appears Hurricane Sandy will not make an escape away from the U.S. East Coast. Blocking high pressure at upper levels from Atlantic Canada to southern Greenland and the North Atlantic as well as a strong upper-level low-pressure area through the east-central Atlantic will combine with a developing upper-level trough through the eastern U.S. to steer the storm into the northeast coast.
The strong upper-level trough diving into the eastern U.S. will likely close off into an upper-level low through the Mid-Atlantic region by Monday and capture Sandy as it moves northeastward then northward through the western Atlantic. Thereafter, as Sandy becomes a very intense post-tropical storm Tuesday, most computer models move the storm northwestward well south of Cape Cod at first and then to the west south of New England to near the New Jersey coast by Tuesday evening.
Thereafter the intense North Atlantic gale is expected to stall briefly before meandering off to the north or northeast across New England or New York state later next week. The aforementioned scenario is quite rare and could even become a historical event before all is said and done. The most recent event with any resemblance would be the now famous "Perfect Storm" of late October 1991.
There were a couple of hurricanes during the past 150 years that have tracked northward toward the Carolinas and then northwestward into the Mid-Atlantic states, most notably Hurricane Hazel in 1954. This storm has potential to outdo all of the above. Sandy is expected to take a track northeastward over the warm Gulf Stream until it reaches a position well east of the Mid-Atlantic Coast. Only then will it be captured and turned to the northwest and west toward the northeast coast. This track will allow the storm to maintain tropical characteristics longer than normal.
By the time Sandy transitions to a post-tropical gale well south of New England Monday night or Tuesday it will then be able to tap into the enormous amount of upper-level jet-stream energy supplied by the developing trough and upper-level low through the Mid-Atlantic states. This transformation could allow post-tropical Sandy to be more intense than the tropical version was when it was moving from Jamaica to Cuba.
The central pressure of the intense gale could produce some all-time low barometer readings for some locations. Computer models are forecasting the central pressure to fall as low as 27.80 inches by Tuesday within this storm.
A major difference from the tropical to the post-tropical Sandy will be the wind field. The strong winds surrounding Hurricane Sandy were mostly within 150 miles of the center. The post tropical version of Sandy should see the gale wind field expand outward to as much as 400 miles in all directions. This is why it is important not to focus on the center of post-tropical Sandy because damaging winds could occur from as far north as Maine to as far south as Cape Hatteras at the same time.
The track of this storm may also bring a significant storm surge and coastal flooding and the associated damage into a large portion of the northeast coast from Maine to New Jersey. Sustained easterly winds could reach as high as 40 to 60 mph along coastal areas with gusts exceeding 75 mph in exposed areas, and this will push ocean waters into the coast. While the exact track of the storm is yet to be set in stone, there appears to be a considerable threat to the New York City area for a large and possibly record storm surge. For this to happen, the post-tropical Sandy would have to track west or northwestward into the central New Jersey coast. A track a little different would probably spare New York City the worst.
The full moon occurs Monday and that only worsens the situation for coastal flooding by adding on a couple of feet of water to the storm surges.
Strong westerly to northwest winds to the south of the storm, possibly through the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay regions, could lead to very low waters at times of low tide. This has been a problem in the past with some notable strong storms.
Other potential problems with this storm will be strong winds across inland areas that could bring down trees and power lines leading to widespread power outages. Heavy rainfall of as much as 2 to 4 inches with local amounts exceeding 6 inches could lead to local flooding early and significant river flooding later on next week. If the current scenario pans out there could be major disruptions to travel throughout a large portion of the Northeast during the early- and mid-week period of next week.
With cold air rushing into the storm as it reaches the northeast coast Tuesday, we can't rule out some snow for portions of the Appalachians from southwest Pennsylvania to West Virginia.
The final track and intensity of post-tropical Sandy is yet to be pinned down, but it does appear with decent certainty that one of the most highly populated portions of the U.S. is going to be dealt a blow of significant proportions from Monday into Wednesday of next week.
Source: The Weather Channel
Posted by Northern Ag Network | <urn:uuid:08f1366c-edbb-4512-b5a3-29c1b54ccccf> | 2013-05-23T19:00:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Kellen just turned 3 in July. He is our baby as he is the youngest of our 3 kids. He is a very energetic little boy. He loves to play hockey and golf in the yard. He also loves his cars and playing with his older sister and brother.
This story is inappropriate and should be flagged for moderation. Please choose from one of the following options: | <urn:uuid:6fec690f-7e29-4e3f-a2b0-e22f06e36b6e> | 2013-05-23T18:52:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The New York Times has a piece about the recovery of speech by poet Marie Ponsot after a stroke. At first, she cannot recall what she does not know. But she starts with the English version. When she can't recall that she moves to the familiar French one but can only remember the first three words. Suddenly the Latin version of the entire prayer pops into her head. She tries to translate it back into English without success. Suddenly it arrives.
Was remembering the Pater Noster that night in the hospital a moment of awakening? Ms. Ponsot grinned, perhaps at another unduly fancy thought.
“It allowed me,” she said, “to go to sleep.”
Stave off mental decrepitude and memorize another version of the Lord's Prayer! | <urn:uuid:97bc9585-caa0-4633-9450-cd154f233971> | 2013-05-23T18:45:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Elvis designer dies at 76
Los Angeles (ANTARA News) - The designer who created some of Elvis
Presley's most famous costumes has died. Bill Belew, who designed many
of Presley's white sequined outfits died at 76 in Palm Springs,
California, after battling diabetes.
In his nearly 50-year career, Belew also designed costumes for other
TV, movie and stage stars ranging from Ella Fitzgerald to Gloria
But it's his work with legendary Elvis for which he'll be best remembered.
"Bill Belew changed the face of rock 'n' roll fashion," Presley costume historian Butch Polston told DPA. (*) END
Rolling Stones sign deal with Universal in blow to rival EMI
The Rolling Stones have signed an exclusive recording agreement to
release their next album through the Universal Music Group, the rival
of their previous record label, Britain's EMI, it was announced today.
`Atonement` gets 14 BAFTA nominations
"Atonement", the film adaptation of Ian McEwan's award-winning novel
about life and love in World War II, on Wednesday received 14
nominations at Britain's showpiece film awards, the BAFTAs.
Celine Dion lines up Beijing Games concert, theme bid
Canadian pop superstar Celine Dion will play her first concert in China
in April and has submitted an entry for the Beijing Olympics theme song
competition, Games organisers said on Wednesday. | <urn:uuid:20648724-0766-499c-bdce-b09de295afa0> | 2013-05-23T18:45:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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(LOS ANGELES) -- It's perhaps a surprise to no one, but sworn testimony in the Kris Humphries/Kim Kardashian divorce case from a Keeping Up with the Kardashians producer indicates several scenes of the reality show were faked.
While some producers of "unscripted" shows occasionally re-do scenes for various reasons, Life & Style magazine reports a deposition reveals major sequences -- including Humphries' proposal to Kardashian, and her "crying" about a rough spot in their 72-day marriage -- were as phony as Kardashian's eyelashes are.
As part of his fraud lawsuit against Kardashian, lawyers for Humphries took a deposition from Keeping Up producer Russell Jay last month, and he reportedly admitted Kardashian didn't expect the NBA star to pop the question to her, and as such, she didn't like her impromptu reaction.
She allegedly requested another take, saying, "Can we just like, have me come back in one more time and be, like, really surprised?"
Jay also stated in the deposition that a tear-filled heart-to-heart between Kardashian and her mom, Kris Jenner, about the difficulty of the new marriage was actually shot after she filed for divorce in 2011, and the tears may have been prompted by a chemical irritant tool called a "tear stick."
The magazine quotes a "pal" of the NBA star as saying, "Kris feels vindicated...This will prove how fake Kim and the show are."
Kardashian, now pregnant with Kanye West's baby, is expected to provide sworn testimony in a deposition in the case in two weeks.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio | <urn:uuid:08ed3857-df81-40f6-bbae-5df5c1eca7d0> | 2013-05-23T19:06:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Testimony of Assistant Secretary Irving on the Views of the Administration on the Transition to Digital Television
Testimony of Larry Irving
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for
Communications and Information
before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
September 17, 1997
Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee. Thank you for the opportunity to testify today. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) within the Department of Commerce is the principal adviser to the President on domestic and international telecommunications issues. As assistant secretary of NTIA, I am pleased to be here today to present the views of the Administration on the transition to digital television.
Digital television (DTV) marks a quantum leap forward in television technology and provides an astonishing array of possibilities for advancing national telecommunications goals. An important dividend of the transition from analog to digital television is that DTV technology results in more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum. With DTV technology, the broadcast television industry's current requirement for 402 megahertz of spectrum will be reduced significantly to 252 megahertz, saving up to 150 megahertz of prime spectrum for other uses. DTV will also allow broadcasters to provide an expanded range of services to consumers, including high definition pictures, multiple program streams, as well as CD-quality audio programming and advanced digital services such as data transfer. In these ways, DTV can bring important benefits to millions of American consumers -- dramatically better picture quality and more viewing choices, advancement of American technological and economic strength, and more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 makes clear that the public interest responsibilities of television broadcasters which have endured for more than 60 years still abide in the new DTV era. Public interest responsibilities are fulfilled in return for a broadcaster's exclusive use of the scarce public airwaves. Over these years, the contours of public interest obligations have been adjusted to reflect changes in economic, technological and social needs. The novel technological features of DTV gives cause to re-examine the public interest responsibilities of television broadcasters to determine whether the public interest lies in the retention, repeal or addition to these obligations.
The President has made his position very clear on the public interest benefits of free air time for political candidates and more educational programming for children. Furthermore, the President established the Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Broadcasters by Executive Order 13038 on March 11, 1997. The Committee will provide advice to the Administration on the public interest obligations that digital broadcaster should assume. The President will appoint up to 15 members who represent diverse views from the commercial and noncommercial broadcasting industry, computer industries, producers, academic institutions, public interest organizations, and the advertising communities. The President has already announced the co-chairs of the Advisory Committee: Leslie Moonves, president of CBS Entertainment and one of America's most prominent and creative broadcasters; and Dr. Norman Ornstein, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and one of America's best known political scientists. The President will announce the other members of the Committee in the near future. A report is expected from the group by mid-1998. NTIA will serve as the group's secretariat.
The Advisory Committee will be faced with a number of challenging issues ranging from free air time for political candidates to children's broadcasting and the application of public interest obligations in an HDTV or multiplexed digital world. These are difficult issues, but critical to defining the role of over-the-air broadcasting in the digital world. The Administration is hopeful that the Advisory Committee will work with broadcasters, industry and public interest groups to develop real and concrete public interest obligations that are fair and reasonable, but also recognize that broadcasters have been given unique access to a precious public asset.
Congress recognized the many benefits of DTV in the Telecommunications Act of 1996 which authorized the Federal Communications Commission to issue licenses for DTV services. While the Act gave the Commission discretion over whether to issue the licenses, it also imposed certain conditions on the assignment of licenses. The most significant features are that: (1) only incumbent television broadcasters are eligible to receive a 6 megahertz digital license; (2) licensees must return the "analog" spectrum currently used for broadcasting television signals; (3) digital broadcasters remain subject to public interest obligations on video programming as well as any new "ancillary and supplementary services" on the digital spectrum; and (4) the Commission must impose fees on subscription-based services to compensate the public for the value of the spectrum used for such commercial services. The Act otherwise provides digital broadcasters with substantial flexibility to develop their business plans for the delivery of DTV based on consumer demand.
In April of 1997, the Commission allocated the DTV spectrum and announced the timetables for commencement of DTV services and the return of the "analog" spectrum. The Administration strongly supported the Commission's timetables as critical to an orderly nationwide transition to digital television and the expedited return of "analog" spectrum which can be reallocated for maximum public benefit.
The Administration regrets that Congress did not adopt the Administration's proposed firm date of 2006 for the termination of analog broadcasting in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. Lack of a firm date could unnecessarily delay the digital transition which will bring about new services, consumer benefits and new jobs. The new law requires the Commission to grant a waiver of the date certain for the return of the "analog" spectrum made available by more efficient digital technology in any market that meets a multi-faceted test. This waiver provision creates opportunities for broadcasters to manage their deployment of DTV in a way that would enable them to retain use of their current "analog" spectrum indefinitely. This, in turn, would limit the Commission's ability to make the "analog" frequencies available expeditiously for new communications services. Moreover, without a uniform return date, it will be virtually impossible for the Commission to "repack" the "analog" spectrum into nationwide contiguous blocks, which will also constrain the possible uses of this newly available spectrum. The Administration is also deeply concerned that the waiver provision will have a negative affect on the Commission's ability to make 24 megahertz of spectrum in broadcasting band (Channels 60 to 69) available to the public safety community to relieve the severe congestion that hobbles its ability to perform vital services.
The new law also waives the Commission's duopoly and newspaper-television cross-ownership rules to permit broadcasters in certain markets to bid on the returned "analog" spectrum, in the event that the Commission decides to allocate the spectrum for digital television broadcasting. The Administration is concerned about any such waiver because it may increase media concentration in these markets, lessening the number of diverse sources of information for consumers.
The Administration is also concerned about media reports regarding the disunity among the broadcasting industry and the equipment manufacturers over the nature of the services to be provided via digital television, and the impact it could have on the rapid rollout of DTV services to the American public. This issue has been highlighted by the mixed responses from policymakers and the industry to the recent announcements by ABC and Sinclair Broadcasting indicating that their business plans potentially call for providing multiple channels of standard definition programming and subscription-based services, rather than offering high definition television (HDTV).
While HDTV may have initially driven the development of new advanced television technologies and consumer products, digital technologies have continued to evolve so that broadcasters can provide a wide variety of additional services beneficial to the public. In recognition of this development, Congress has given broadcasters the flexibility to base their DTV plans on the marketplace rather than mandating a utilization format. This flexibility should be complemented with greater coordination between broadcasters and equipment manufacturers to ensure that the public ultimately benefits from the transition to DTV.
To the extent that broadcasters are now considering ways to offer multiple channels of programming and subscription-based services rather than some HDTV services, a whole host of tough policy questions arise that Congress, the Administration , and the Commission must address. For example, what new equipment beyond a television set will consumers require to receive these multiple channels or subscription services? Who pays for this equipment? If more than one broadcaster multiplexes, will a consumer have to have a set-top box for each local broadcaster's services? Will this equipment be compatible with existing consumer electronics equipment, including VCRs, cable and broadcast satellite services equipment? What fee amount and structure should the Commission impose on digital broadcasters' subscription-based and commercial services in order to compensate adequately the public for the value of the spectrum used to provide these services? What subscription-based or commercial services, if any, should public broadcasters be permitted to offer on their digital spectrum? How best can the Federal government assist public broadcasters to make the transition to digital television? Do the program access provisions of the 1992 Cable Act permit broadcasters in a multiplexed environment to have access to cable programming and superstations? Should the must carry rule survive in a multiplexed environment, and if so, for which services or programming and in what format should a cable operator be required to carry it? Should a cable operator be required to carry a broadcast competitor's subscription-based services under the must carry rules? These questions, and more, remain to be answered.
Mr. Chairman, and members of the Committee, again, I appreciate this opportunity to share these views with you and I look forward to working with you and the Committee to develop policies that will speed the digital broadcasting transition. I look forward to answering any questions you may have. | <urn:uuid:1796a616-307f-46a6-8560-0bee355f71e9> | 2013-05-23T18:43:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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LAMP Probabilities and Thresholds for Flight Categories
Bar graphs indicate the probability of selected flight category element. The color
represents the difference (using 10% thresholds between categories) between the
probability and the threshold required to make a categorical forecast. Solid black
lines indicate the threshold value at each hour. | <urn:uuid:a7f799d8-2010-42d0-94cf-083d04c4a5c9> | 2013-05-23T18:44:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- Posted: 10:19 AM, April 7, 2010
As Woods continues to prepare for the Masters this week, his neighbor's daughter has come forward saying she bedded the superstar golfer -- having sex with him on a couch near where a crib for one of his kids had been placed.
Raychel Coudriet, now 22, met Woods for the first time when she was just 14 and later had a one-night stand with him, The National Enquirer reported today.
The supermarket tabloid claims the sexual encounter left Coudriet "shaken and humiliated" when it took place last year on a couch in his office just a mile from his Florida home.
Tiger hit on the girl in his car -- just yards from where his wife Elin Nordegren was taking care of his kids.
Coudriet's Twitter page, which was taken down recently, also features a cropped photo of her where you can't see her face.
The newspaper reported that Coudriet went into a rage when it was revealed over the past few months that Woods had bedded other women.
The revelations led Coudriet, a college student, to corner Tiger last month while she was home for spring break.
"I feel extremely violated by what you did to me!" Coudriet reportedly told Woods.
"Sorry about that," responded Tiger, who recently attended a sex rehab clinic in an effort to mend his marriage.
Woods had apparently had his eye on the girl for some time, according to the newspaper.
He invited her to play golf and even made a crude joke about her "cleaning his golf balls," a source told The Enquirer.
"She was infatuated with him. They exchanged phone numbers. ... Then he began texting her," said the source.
He began making out with Coudriet inside his SUV Escalade -- the same car he would crash in his driveway on Thanksgiving weekend when his life became unraveled -- just yards from his home in Isleworth, Fla. He then took the girl to his office so they could have some privacy.
"The two of them had sex on a couch for hours -- right next to a crib for Tiger's children," added the source. "The crib made Raychel feel guilty -- that she was having sex with a married man with children. But she was smitten."
The girl reportedly told friends that Woods did not use a condom and that the sex was "mechanical and unemotional."
The supermarket tabloid reported that Woods texted the girl many times looking for a repeat romp -- even asking her to fly with him to Michigan so they could have sex using Ambien sleeping pills.
Woods has admitted to taking Ambien to help him sleep after his father died.
"But Raychel felt ashamed. ... She refused to hook up with him," the source said.
That led Tiger to text her: "When are you coming home again? I want to see you. What are you doing right now? Are you touching yourself? I want to f--- you."
The source said Coudriet told her that when other women came forward recently saying they had slept with Woods, she felt "so stupid."
"I felt used and violated," the source claims Coudriet said. "like I meant nothing to him but a night of casual sex. I just wanted to dig a big hole, crawl in and die." | <urn:uuid:090d5c7c-c96a-440c-80d7-846d2914b2c5> | 2013-05-23T19:05:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Christopher F. Patten, who as chairman of the British Conservative Party ran Prime Minister John Major's campaign for re-election this month, has been named Governor of Hong Kong, which will be handed over to China in five years.
Mr. Patten lost his own seat in the House of Commons in the elections on April 9 and had been mulling over his future. The Hong Kong governorship, a prestigious civil-service position, removes him from British politics, at least for a while.
"There can be few jobs in public service anywhere as important," the 47-year-old former Cabinet minister said on Friday.
Mr. Major said, "There are enormous advantages in having a Governor of Chris Patten's political experience and seniority."
Nervousness in the crown colony, unsettled when Mr. Major's predecessor, Margaret Thatcher, agreed to turn it back to China at the expiration of Britain's lease over most of the territory on June 30, 1997, had been growing ever since the present Governor, Sir David Wilson, became a lame duck at the end of last year. He was given a peerage then and later became Lord Wilson of Tillyorn.
A spokesman for the Chinese Embassy in London welcomed Mr. Patten's appointment and expressed the hope that he would maintain "close cooperation with the Chinese side to insure the continued prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and the smooth transfer of power in 1997."
Mr. Patten served in the Northern Ireland office and then as Minister for Overseas Development before joining the Thatcher Cabinet in 1989 as Environment Secretary.
Mr. Major made him party chairman after he won in the party leadership contest that ousted Mrs. Thatcher in November 1990, though Mr. Patten had backed one of his rivals, Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd.
"Mr. Patten's direct access to the British Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary will insure that Hong Kong is kept high on the British agenda," said Baroness Dunn, an appointed legislator of the colony who as Lydia Dunn was given a peerage in 1990.
Li Yi, chief editor of Nineties magazine, said of the appointment, "It appears to be mainly based on considerations of his own political future rather than the future of the people of Hong Kong."
Mr. Patten, who will earn a tax-free salary of $:152,000, or $267,500, and wear a cocked hat with ostrich plumage at ceremonial occasions, said, "I come to the job with a determination first and foremost to uphold the interests of all the people of Hong Kong."
Mr. Patten will succeed Lord Wilson in July. Mr. Major did not immediately name a new Conservative Party chairman. -------------------- Appointment Welcomed
HONG KONG, April 25 (Special to The New York Times) -- Political and civic leaders here today generally welcomed the appointment of Christopher F. Patten as Governor of Hong Kong.
Privately a few leaders here said they were a bit chagrined that the governorship was, as they said it, offered as a consolation prize to a defeated politician. Still, most were optimistic, saying that the colony, which has been governed by a number of Foreign Office diplomats, might fare better under a senior politician with access to top British leaders.
A conservative political leader, Rita Fan, said that since Mr. Patten had a close relationship with Mr. Major, Hong Kong's problems might receive high-level attention earlier, adding, "We hope Mr. Patten will do his best for Hong Kong."
Martin Lee, the outspoken leader of the liberal United Democrats Party, which swept the first direct legislative elections here last year, said he hoped that as a former elected official, Mr. Patten would be more amenable to democratic reforms in the colony.
A pro-Beijing labor official, Tam Yiu-chung, also endorsed the appointment, saying, Mr. Patten's ties with No. 10 Downing Street should prove "beneficial." | <urn:uuid:b459392f-95d4-4d5e-b3ec-30b5b38e8d68> | 2013-05-23T18:34:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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OhmSantih Yoga has developed yoga for kids program, with the intention to provide the children with a fun way to develop their critical skills in a non-competitive environment. The critical skills can be broken down into different levels; physical, psychological and physiological.
On a physical level, some asanas work on enhancing the child’s strength and flexibility and in some instances, the growth of the child can be enhanced through spine elongating asanas. On a psychological level, some asanas can deliver benefits such as increasing his/her self-esteem and thus improving their leadership skills and team work and also helps to release stress and anxiety, thus increasing the ability to relax. The ability of the child to concentrate and focus will also be enhanced through the asanas and the pranayama exercises. On a physiological level, asanas can help improve digestion and also to strengthen the immune system of the children and at the same time, increase their bodily resistance against invading bacteria and viruses, thus fending off various illnesses.
On the other hand, we have also gathered evidence over the years that yoga for kids will benefit children with ailments such as asthma and sinusitis and also children with special needs, such as Down syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Cerebral Palsy. Take for an example, in the case of Autism Spectrum Disorder, the muscle tone can be improved and the flapping symptom can be minimzed. More importantly, the gentleness of yoga allows them to integrate their natural gift of enthusiasm with series of movements and breathe without having to face competition or stress.
Retrospectively, many of the parents out there may feel that to bring yoga into the child’s life may not seem viable; however through the many years of teaching, it is undeniable that yoga indeed can improve a child’s life immensely and Ohmsantih yoga is honoured to have witness many of such cases. | <urn:uuid:623e75a0-aa1f-4850-aee6-48b59973b94d> | 2013-05-23T18:52:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You will need :
- A piece of leather, approx. 22cm x 10cm (approx. 8.7" x 4")
- Leather glue or super glue
- A snap button
1. Cut an oval piece of leather, approx. 22cm x 10cm (approx. 8.7" x 4"). You can make it longer or smaller, depending on the size of your wrist.
2. Form a bow.
3. Secure the bow by wrapping thread around it and knot.
4. Cut a small rectangle of leather, approx. 4cm x 1cm / 1.6" x 0.4"
5. Glue the small band of leather over the thread.
6. Sew the snap button, one part of the button at one end of the leather, and the other at the other side.
Please let me know if something is unclear or if you have any question regarding this tutorial. If you try it, I would love to know how it went!
Have a lovely day! | <urn:uuid:fdaad0d6-ac9f-499d-a798-ea936b2f5724> | 2013-05-23T19:06:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Indian economy has experienced robust growth in the past decade and is expected to be one of the fastest growing economies in the coming years. The real estate sector in India assumed greater prominence with the liberalisation of the economy, as the consequent increase in business opportunities and labour migration led to rising demand for commercial and housing space. At present, the real estate and construction sectors are playing a crucial role in the overall development of India's core infrastructure. It is the second largest employer after agriculture. Over the next decade, the real estate sector is expected to grow by 30 per cent.
The construction industry ranks third among the 14 major sectors in terms of direct, indirect and induced effects in all sectors of the economy, according to a study done by ICRA. The industry's growth is linked to developments in the retail, hospitality and entertainment (hotels, resorts, cinema theatres) sectors, economic services (hospitals, schools) and information technology (IT)-enabled services (like call centres) etc and vice-versa.
The sector is divided into four sub-sectors:
The housing sub-sector contributes five-six per cent to the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Meanwhile, retail, hospitality and commercial real estate are also growing significantly, catering to India's growing needs of infrastructure.
The Indian real estate market size is expected to touch US$ 180 billion by 2020.
Demand for residential, commercial and retail real estate is rising throughout India, accompanied by increased demand for hotel accommodation and improved infrastructure. Demand is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19 per cent between 2010 and 2014 and Tier 1 metropolitan cities are expected to account for about 40 per cent of this.
Growth prospects and price stability of smaller cities are attracting large real-estate developers in such cities in the recent past, according to a report titled 'Real(i)ty Next: Beyond the Top 10 Cities of India', released by Crisil Research in June 2011. The report estimates that the sale of new residential apartments in 10 such smaller cities are at around US$ 4 billion in 2012.
India is going to produce an estimated 2 million new graduates from various Indian universities during this year, creating demand for 100 million square feet of office and industrial space.
Presence of a large number of Fortune 500 and other reputed companies and expertise in sectors such as auto-components, chemicals, apparels, pharmaceuticals and jewellery, where India can match the best in the world will definitely attract more foreign investors in the near future.
- Construction development sector (including townships, housing, built-up infrastructure & construction-development projects) has attracted a cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI) worth US$ 21,953.51 million from April 2000 to January 2013, according to the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP)
- FDI flows into the construction sector for the period April-January 2012-13 stood at US$ 1,206 million, according to the DIPP
India needs to invest US$ 1.2 trillion over next 20 years to modernise urban infrastructure and keep pace with the growing urbanisation, as per a report released by McKinsey Global Institute (MGI)-India's urban awakening.
Private Equity (PE) in real estate projects will fetch considerable returns by next year-end or early 2013, says Vikram Hosangady, partner, KPMG. "Limited partners (who write cheque for funds) expect 15-25% returns from real estate deals. Foreign investors are optimistic about India. All they want is prompt action and friendly policies," he says.
Indian realtors participated in an India Property show in Singapore. The show was organised to attract Indian diaspora living in Singapore to invest into India's booming real estate market. "The appreciation of the Singapore dollar, the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement and the RBI's liberalised policies are all progressive steps for expats, NRIs and Singaporeans to invest in India's booming real estate market," said Mr R Dhinakaran, nominated Member of Parliament and vice-president, Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Singapore.
The branded furniture, ceramic tiles and durables firms etc are chalking out expansion plans for tier II towns, which continue to grow at a steady pace. "The spending power in the customers' hands in tier II & tier III geographies has also increased over the last 5-6 years which offers a great potential to tap for a large size of their wallet," as per R Kurup, Chief Marketing Officer, H&R Johnson.
Investment Policy Updates
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has granted permission to foreign citizens of Indian origin to purchase property in India for residential or commercial purposes. The purchase consideration should be met either out of inward remittances in foreign exchange through normal banking channels or out of funds from non-resident external (NRE)/ foreign currency non-resident (FCNR) accounts maintained with a bank in India.
According to the latest reforms:
- The Government of India has decided to allow FDI up to 100 per cent under the automatic route in townships, housing, built-up infrastructure and construction development projects to increase investment, generate economic activity, create new employment opportunities and add to the available housing stock and built-up infrastructure (which would include, but not be restricted to, housing, commercial premises, hotels, resorts, hospitals, educational institutions, recreational facilities, city and regional level infrastructure) is allowed subject to the following guidelines (also for investment by NRIs)
- For homes and flats with a carpet area of 2,000 sq ft or more or of a value of Rs 1 crore or more, which are high-end constructions, where the component of services is greater, rate of abatement reduced from 75 to 70 percent in the Union Budget 2013-14
- In the Budget 2013-14 Rs 6,000 crore were given to Rural Housing Fund
- National Housing Bank plans to set up Urban Housing Fund. Rs 2,000 crore will be provided to the fund in 2013-14
Sources: Consolidated FDI Policy Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), CII Real Estate Whitepaper and Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation
...we are seeing a lot of investment in real estate. We do like real estate as a sector, we think there is value in selective companies and it is based on their land bank and where it is located
Kotak Investment Bank
Mahindra Lifespace Developers has bought the stake of private equity Arch Capital in its joint venture (JV) residential project at Chennai. The buyout of the stake was estimated to be around Rs 70 crore (US$ 12.89 million).
Wave Infratech plans to invest Rs 500 crore (US$ 91.77 million) to set up its first affordable housing venture in the Delhi national capital region (NCR) area.
Godrej Properties has launched a major commercial project at the Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai. The project, Godrej BKC, is expected to generate Rs 3,500 crore (US$ 640.32 million)-Rs 4,000 crore (US$ 732.03 million) for the company.
Eight memorandums of understanding (MoUs) worth Rs 1.34 trillion (US$ 24.49 billion) in the affordable housing and construction industry were signed by both domestic and global players.
PARTICIPANTS IN VALUE CHAIN | <urn:uuid:30086e12-f3d4-45e8-bf9b-5e05d67224fc> | 2013-05-23T18:44:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Crime and Guns
Where do you stand on these crime issues?
Click on the question for more information!
Medicare / Social Security
do you stand on these proposals for health care and social security?
Where do you stand on proposed reforms
to our educational system?
Other Domestic Issues
Where do you stand on these other key domestic
important is a candidate's stand on domestic issues compared to
other issues when deciding who to vote for?
opinion" will weigh domestic issues in equal proportion to other issues. | <urn:uuid:a459f667-efe9-42cd-9989-7fc1693ddfe8> | 2013-05-23T18:46:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Lady Gaga has criticized Pope Benedict
XVI's opposition to gay marriage, saying that his views don't matter.
On Friday, Benedict called on Roman
Catholics in France to “defend marriage,” telling a group of
French bishops that the institution would harm society.
Lady Gaga made her comments on Sunday
in an interview with Europe 1.
“I think that gay marriage is
something that is going to happen, it must. We are not truly equal
part of humanity if we are not allowed to freely love one another.”
“What the pope thinks of being gay
does not matter. It doesn't matter to the world. It matters to the
people who like the pope and follow the pope. It's not a reflection
of all Christians. It is not a reflection of all religious people.
It's a point of view of one person,” Lady
“And to all the gay people here. May
you live and love each other until the end of time. And I hope you
will have the human right to breed as an entirely equal, valuable and
special member of society.” (The video is embedded on this page.
our video library for more videos.)
The Socialist government of President
Francois Hollande is expected to unveil a gay marriage bill to the
French cabinet on October 31.
Benedict calls on Catholics in France to “defend marriage.”) | <urn:uuid:5c87cf02-4280-46da-9103-785592e1b1cb> | 2013-05-23T18:39:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Pope and one of his top cardinals were taking a long train ride one day. The Pope was doing a crossword puzzle, and the cardinal was reading the Bible. Suddenly the Pope asked the cardinal,
“What’s a four letter word for ‘woman” ending in u,n,t?”
The startled cardinal stammered for a bit, then said,
“Uh, er, aunt! Yes, aunt!”
“Oh, of course,” said the Pope, “Got an eraser?”
Patrick and Kevin were digging up the road outside the brothel when they noticed the vicar approaching in a hurry before ducking into the entrance.
“Did yer see that?” said Patrick. “The dirty Protestant minister sneaking in for his share of sin. What a hypocrite!”
After about twenty minutes they see a rabbi make a swift entry into the brothel.
“Didja see that?” said Kevin, “the Jews are no better.”
About an hour went by when they spotted Father McGuire hurry in to the brothel.
“Kevin,”said Patrick, “take off your hat. One of those poor girls must be dying in there.”
The Pope and Casanova arrived at Heaven on the same cloud. While the Pope hung around the gates meeting and greeting a few friends Casanova went straight in. When the Pope entered he bumped into Casanova at the reception and said:
“I want nothing more than to kneel at the feet of the Virgin Mary. Do you know where I can find her?”
Casanova said, “Yes, but you are too late Father!”
One priest says to the other.
“Do you think the Pope will ever allow priests to marry?”
“Not in our time”, replied his colleague, “maybe in our children’s time.”
Patrick had always wanted to marry a virgin so he chose a girl who had attended convent school all her life. In the lobby of the hotel in which they were to spend their wedding night they passed the bar and the bride was surprised to see so many single women there. “I’m afraid they are prostitutes,” said Patrick and was delighted to hear her next question: “What’s a prostitute?” she asked.
“A prostitute,” said Patrick with disdain, “is a woman who will go to bed with any man for money.” “Really,” said the bride with amazement, “the priests only gave us lollies.”
Colonel Sanders of Kentucky Fried Chicken fame was exploring new ways to advertise. He phoned Vatican City and asked to speak to the Pope, indicating that he would like to make a sizable donation.
“Hello, my son,” said the Pope.
“Hello, your Holiness,” said the Colonel. “I am calling because I would like to make a generous donation to the Church.
“How nice! Why don’t you send it in the mail?” said the Pope.
“You want me to send a hundred million dollars in the mail?”
“One hundred million dollars!!! Of course not. My representatives can visit you at your convenience. Bless you my son!”
“But there is one little string attached” said the Colonel.
“You know that part in the Lord’s prayer where you say ‘Give us this daily bread’? I’d like that changed to ‘Give us this day our daily chicken’.”
“Oh, I see…” The Pope covers the phone and asks the cardinal attending him, “How long do we still have on that Hi-Fibre bread contract?”
Before coming to Islam I used to be a typical Western whore, that’s right, a slut!! I worked in a place where there were men and would wear short dresses, make up and clothing which revealed my arms and neck. I would even shake hands with the men and I dated my husband before we were married! I would go out of the house without my husband and even attend parties where alcohol was served and where men and women would mingle.
Recently my family and I have finally seen the light and heeded Allah’s call. I burned all my miniskirts, make up and books other than the Koran and poured the vintage wine and French perfume down the toilet. It nearly took all day to burn my collection of Cleo, Dolly and Cosmo magazines which date from the seventies.
We then rushed down to the nearest mosque and declared the Shahada. On the way back we stopped at a fabric wholesale outlet and I purchased 50 meters of thick, black fabric so that I can fully cover my offending body, face and hair in accordance to Allah’s law. I would not want to drive all the men in the neighborhood mad with desire and cause them to want to commit adultery!
All my son’s computer games, Pokemon cards and PS2 have also been burned, now he only watches Jihad videos, the ones showing the beheadings of the infidels are his favourites. We plan to sent him off to Saudi Arabia so that he can learn how to beat his wife correctly and be taught to recite the Koran in Arabic – so that Allah can understand him! He is thirteen years old, just the right age, any older and we would risk losing him to the Western decadent culture. We took our eleven year-old daughter out of school (luckily we got her out before they started the sex education classes) to marry her off to a good Muslim man – a mature man in the car export business with three other wives. That way she will be kept busy with household chores, yearly pregnancies and would be less likely to be corrupted by Western immorality. She will be getting her first period in her husband’s house – the way Allah intended.
My husband is on the lookout for three more wives so that ALL his needs will be fully catered for, while I am having my monthly pollution or recovering from the Koran-sanctioned beatings – sex can be awkward when your legs are in plaster and your jaws are held together with wires. He already approached the neighbors and asked if he could have their nine-year old daughter – that way he can guarantee that he will be getting a virgin, free from AIDS and be less likely to be tempted by Satan to commit adultery. Unfortunately the neighbors do not understand about Islam and have called the police, my husband is now under investigation. It’s terrible how the decadent Western society has no respect for the law of Allah and how Muslims are discriminated against when they want to practice their religion and culture. Satan is found everywhere: human rights conferences, refuges for battered wives, schools that teach evolution and sex education, police stations, video shops, nightclubs - just to name a few.
Two houses away from us live a family of unbelieving Vietnamese who persist with burning incense for their idols which are housed in a miniature shrine in their front veranda. We tried in vain to convince them to destroy those evil statues, one night we sent my son to sneak over and smash them up – the statues – he ended up being chased away by the husband who shouted insults at us in Vietnamese.
We have had enough of the intolerance, racism and persecution and are thinking of moving to Saudi Arabia, where Allah’s law reigns supreme and where we can live in total freedom! | <urn:uuid:20918cc3-a402-48b7-960a-6c52711e3a42> | 2013-05-23T18:39:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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MARVIN OLASKY: There was a lot of fooling going on -- Abramoff, in a way, was manipulating Ralph Reed, Ralph Reed was manipulating others, but perhaps Ralph Reed was manipulating Abramoff and saying, "I'm accomplishing these things," whereas he wasn't. So, you know, there were millions of dollars changing hands, there were actually hundreds of millions of dollars at stake in this whole thing.
LOU DUBOSE: You know, there's something ironic and amusing in all that, is that while Abramoff was shaking down these Indians, it's quite possible that Ralph Reed was shaking down Jack Abramoff.
BILL MOYERS: They were now turning on each other. When Mike Scanlon quizzed his partner,
Email of JACK ABRAMOFF: "...did Ralph spend all the money he was given to fight this -- or does he have some left?"
BILL MOYERS: Abramoff replied:
Email of JACK ABRAMOFF: "That's a silly question! He would NEVER admit he has money left over. Would we?"
Email of MICHAEL SCANLON: "No -- but..."
Email of JACK ABRAMOFF: "He is a bad version of us! No more money for him."
SUZII PAYNTER: You know, I think when I read that phrase about Ralph Reed, that he's a "bad version of us," I've got to tell you my heart hurt. That you could really just disregard the values and the rules that you've played by. And for what? We all come to the edge of that shore at some point in our lives and have to ask ourselves, "Am I going to step over that? And for what? For money? For you know, raking off money for my own political gains or whatever. That's what it -- that's what it said to me, that Ralph Reed had stepped across some kind of moral line -- even Jack Abramoff would say he's a bad version of ourselves.
BILL MOYERS: By 2004, the jig was up. Senate hearings exposed the story of front groups, secret kickbacks and political payoffs at the heart of Abramoff's empire. Twenty-two people received criminal penalties -- lawmakers, lobbyists, Bush administration officials and congressional staffers. Abramoff and his partner Scanlon pleaded guilty to charges they had bilked their Native American clients out of nearly $40 million dollars. They both landed in prison -- Abramoff served almost four years before being released in 2010. Claiming redemption, he has written a memoir, he blogs as an advocate for cleaning up corruption in politics, and has a talk show on satellite radio.
Grover Norquist escaped scrutiny and is still riding high, threatening Republican politicians with defeat at the polls if they dare vote to increase taxes. Most Republicans in Congress have signed Norquist's pledge just as Joe Kaufmann, running for Congress from Florida, is doing here, at a conference sponsored -- surprise -- by Ralph Reed's Faith and Freedom Coalition.
GROVER NORQUIST This is a commitment to the people of Florida that Joe will not raise their taxes, tax reform is a good idea, tax changes that are a Trojan horse for tax increases are not a good idea. So this is a pledge tax reform yes, tax increases no.
BILL MOYERS: Ralph Reed was a central figure in the Jack Abramoff scandal, according to the bipartisan senate committee that investigated and detailed more than $5.3 million dollars Abramoff had paid Reed. But Reed was never charged. He had double-crossed his trusted followers and made them pawns in a power game. But it isn't necessarily a criminal offense to be a phony. A false prophet out to make a profit.
The scandal did derail Reed's hopes for public office in 2006. It broke while he was running in the Republican primary for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia. His Republican opponent made political hay with the Abramoff mess.
ADVERTISEMENT: Ralph Reed took millions from convicted felon, Jack Abramoff, to help casinos. And Reed worked with Abramoff to deny women and children legal protection from sweatshops in the Marianna Islands, a U.S. Territory. Even though our government warned that women on the islands were subjected to forced abortions and children were coerced into prostitution. Ralph Reed, his values are for sale.
BILL MOYERS: Reed remains unapologetic. He was confronted by a blogger last year who posted this footage on YouTube. | <urn:uuid:c23a21b3-3549-47f0-8ffd-41f75738a8a7> | 2013-05-23T18:41:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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04 Mar 2005
A Profile of Brenda Harris
Singing offbeat, nontraditional roles can be a path to oblivion for an opera singer. For Brenda Harris, that road has led to fame, fortune and as much work as she can handle. It also means that Harris often is learning new roles. | <urn:uuid:1f4fde6b-b5d6-48ff-8631-a9fd2ebcd31c> | 2013-05-23T18:46:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Dr. Robin recently received a voicemail from "John," a self-described proud gay man. John's message to Dr. Robin has been haunting her since she heard it—in it, John explains that every time he visits his parents, he is taunted by the next door neighbors, who call him derogatory names and spew hateful comments.
"What in the world is going on that we could find ourselves attacking another human being with poison and hate?" Dr. Robin asks. It's about ignorance, it's about the fear of being different and it's about not understanding, she says.
Dr. Robin wonders what happened to our humanity. The problem lies not only with those who spew the hatred, but also those who allow it to happen. "Do you know why you should care?" Dr. Robin asks. "You should care because it is your divine birthright as a human being to be concerned about how another person is being treated. You can't love yourself and set out to destroy another human life or soul."
"We can't have hate, we can't harbor hate, we can't spew hate toward another human being, toward another life, toward any living creature, and not think that it isn't going to ricochet and boomerang back into our lives," Dr. Robin says. "If you are digging a hole because you have rage or bitterness or hate, and you plan to bury someone else in it, you'd better dig two holes: one for you, and one for them. Because you can't take someone else down and not take yourself down with them." | <urn:uuid:de2aa1ba-89a4-4880-841b-8cce375c94a2> | 2013-05-23T19:05:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Oracle9i Database Search Results: 'DBA\_RESUMABLE'
(Release 9.0.1; includes Windows books)
Your search did not match any topics.
- Connecting multiple search terms with AND, OR, or NEAR. (By default, the search looks for the exact sequence of words.)
- Shortening the phrase.
- Checking the spelling.
- Searching all books, or all kinds of topics. | <urn:uuid:78d92e1e-09e2-44af-8fbb-2a7e1db30599> | 2013-05-23T18:53:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A memo released Friday by Miami-Dade County State Attorney Katherine Fernandez Rundle concludes there is no evidence that Brown intended to steal the phone in February or that he deleted any photos. One or the other is necessary for him to be charged with robbery or theft.
Prosecutors said that Brown tossed the phone from his limo and that it was picked up by Devon Blanche, head of security for rapper Tyga, who had performed with Brown at the Cameo club that night. According to the memo, Blanche tried to find out if someone had lost the phone, ultimately took it with him to Atlanta during the rapper's tour and said he intended to find its owner.
A felony charge against Brown, 24, might have triggered a violation of his probation for his 2009 assault on singer Rihanna, who was his girlfriend at the time. The two have recently collaborated on a new duet, "Nobody's Business," and have been spotted out together in recent weeks.
Rundle said the investigation's findings would be forwarded to probation officials in Los Angeles for review.
"We are grateful for the decision and the thorough investigation," Brown's attorney Mark Geragos said in an email.
According to the memo, after Brown and Tyga—real name Michael Stevenson—finished
Stevenson told prosecutors that he saw Brown throw a white cellphone out of the limo. The phone's owner, Christal Spann, said Brown used a derogatory term for women and said "this will not run the website" when he grabbed the phone. Spann began beating on the limo's windows, according to the memo, until someone in a front seat told her the phone had been tossed out. She could not find it, however.
"She used to be a fan of Brown's, but no longer," the memo notes of Spann.
Blanche, the security man, told investigators he thought Brown was upset because "if photographs of himself with two females got out, it might cause him problems with Rihanna."
Follow Curt Anderson on Twitter: http://twitter.com/Miamicurt | <urn:uuid:60cd5ce8-1c2e-49ee-afb8-d03d80366b9b> | 2013-05-23T18:43:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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In answer to a letter in your paper on Sept. 17 concerning the fire tax, as she called it, I would like to respond. If she is saying Kelly Ridge is not included in the state responsibility area, she is completely in error. I live in Kelly Ridge and have received a bill. I gladly mailed my check. If anyone has ever lost a home to fire, they realize the importance of fire protection. I will gladly pay the fee every year.
—Barbara Gates, Oroville | <urn:uuid:26091df5-24af-476f-a72a-dd0decd9ff42> | 2013-05-23T18:44:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Author: Hata Kenjiro | Artist: Hata Kenjiro
Chapters: 412 | Updated: May 21 2013 | Status:
Summary: Ayasaki Hayate is only 16 years old when he's abandoned, leaving him to fend for himself against the yakuza, who are after his organs to settle his parents' massive gambling debt. Looking for a way to somehow acquire 157 million yen before he is cut up by gangsters, he stumbles upon a rich girl whom he can kidnap and ransom. The only problem: he's a terrible criminal, and ends up saving her life from other would-be kidnappers and apparently confesses his love for her. In order to work off his debt, the girl, Nagi (who is convinced that Hayate is in love with her), and her maid Maria (who knows otherwise), allow him to work as a butler at their mansion. Hayate's tenure as a butler is not easy, however, and is filled with talking tigers, homicidal robots, jealous relatives, and overarchingly, hilarity. | <urn:uuid:efbe6b3a-9fae-4e78-99e9-1c4e7e1d0c66> | 2013-05-23T18:45:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This isn't as much a prank as it is a dare from me to you.
The next time you get pulled over by a cop and he asks to see some ID, just look them in the eye, waive your hand and say, "There aren't the droids you're looking for."
If you really want to test the patience of the officer, recite the whole text:
"You don't need to see my identification.
These aren't the droids you're looking for.
Heck, you were going to get the ticket anyway, you might as well have fun while the officer writes the ticket. Besides, a little humor might swing things your way when the officer decides whether or not to ticket you for doing 38 in a 25. | <urn:uuid:60d7f66c-1e23-42b7-b298-5ab3b63b4cb4> | 2013-05-23T18:46:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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William H. Rehnquist
William H. Rehnquist's service on the Supreme Court allowed him to witness - and direct - a dramatic transition in political ideology. From associate justice in 1972 through his role as chief justice in 1986, Rehnquist struggled against liberal colleagues Brennan, Marshall, and Blackmun. Later, as the leader of a conservative court, Rehnquist enjoyed the luxury of sitting in the majority. And as chief justice, Rehnquist often attracted the support of the liberal remnant of the Court. A highly practical man, Rehnquist found inspiration in Charles Evans Hughes' practice of compromising to secure the broadest majority. In many ways, Rehnquist's desires to maintain high credibility for the Court and the law, the result of a general perception of judicial unity, has contributed greatly to his success in mobilizing the Court's conservative shift. Thus, despite the current return of the Court to a more moderate balance, Rehnquist's conservative vision and influence will no doubt stay strong during his tenure.
William Hubbs Rehnquist was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on October 1, 1924. He enjoyed a relatively undistinguished childhood in his middle-class suburban home. The son of a paper salesman, Rehnquist grew up in a heavily conservative household in which popular Republican leaders such as Alf Landon, Wendell Wilkie, and Herbert Hoover were idolized. World War II erupted before Rehnquist had a chance to complete his education and the future chief justice enlisted in the air force branch of the army as a weather observer. He served in North Africa.
Like many Americans in his generation, Rehnquist attended college after World War II with the support of scholarship money from the GI Bill. At Stanford, he earned both a bachelor and a master of arts degree in political science. A distinguished student, Rehnquist was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1948. He continued his education at Harvard where he received another master of arts degree -- this time in government -- two years later. Rehnquist returned to Stanford Law School in 1950; he graduated at the top of his class. (Sandra Day O'Connor, who would eventually serve with him on the Supreme Court, graduated third from that same class.)
At law school, Rehnquist started down the path that would eventually take him to the Supreme Court. Having already established a reputation among his instructors and peers as a brilliant legal thinker and an able scholar, Rehnquist impressed one professor sufficiently to earn a private interview with Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, who was visiting the law school. Rehnquist's professor, a former clerk for Jackson, arranged the meeting in hopes that his favored student could convince Jackson of his qualifications for a clerkship. Rehnquist walked away from that meeting feeling he had failed to impress Jackson in the slightest. However, his fears proved false as Jackson eventually selected him for clerkship that year. Rehnquist's clerkship under the moderate Jackson did not alter his conservative beliefs in any noticeable manner. Instead, his exposure to the other clerks may have served only to confirm his conservativism.
Rehnquist married Natalie Cornell, whom he had met during his law school years, after his completing his clerkship. He also moved to Phoenix, Arizona to work for a law firm there. Rehnquist chose Phoenix for its pleasant weather and favorable political leanings. The next few years passed uneventfully for Rehnquist. He, together with his wife, raised a son and two daughters. Following advice given to him by Justice Felix Frankfurter, Rehnquist began his participation in the Republican Party. He became a Republican Party official and achieved prominence in the Phoenix area as a strong opponent of liberal initiatives such as school integration. Rehnquist campaigned for Republican presidential candidate Barry Goldwater during the 1964 elections. During that time, he befriended Richard Kleindienst, another attorney from Phoenix. When Richard Nixon rose to the presidency a few years later, he appointed Kleindienst deputy attorney general of his administration. Kleindienst sought Rehnquist for the position of deputy attorney general in the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel. When Justice John Marshall Harlan retired in 1971, the Nixon administration chose Rehnquist as Harlan's replacement. A Democratic Senate overwhelmingly confirmed his nomination. On January 7, 1972, Rehnquist -- and fellow nominee, Lewis Powell -- took their oaths of office.
In his early days on the Court, Rehnquist was outspoken as the Court's lone dissenter despite the presence of three other Republican appointees. He battled against the expansion of federal powers and advocated a strong vision of state's rights. Rehnquist also differed from the majority's view that the Fourteenth Amendment applied to non-racial issues such as the rights of women, children, and immigrants. Although his dissents at the time influenced very little of the Court's conclusions, Rehnquist provided the future Court many valuable ideas which inspired the later conservative shift. Rehnquist's views led him to oppose the majority in several important decisions. In his opinion, the liberal faction of the Court too often tried to shape public policy by expanding the scope of the law beyond its original meaning.
By 1986, Rehnquist held significant persuasive power. After Chief Justice Burger retired from the Court, President Reagan nominated Rehnquist to replace him. Liberals howled in protest. Many painted Rehnquist as a racist and conservative extremist. Opponents alleged racist behavior (an old charge) when Rehnquist was a Republican official in Phoenix. Others charged that he had mishandled a family trust. In the end, however, these accusations remained unproved and the Senate confirmed Rehnquist by a solid majority.
As chief justice, Rehnquist won the respect of his colleagues through his efficient management of court affairs. Rehnquist has also revealed a moderation in his views by voting with liberals to protect gay rights and free speech. A widower, Rehnquist engaged his free time with quiet hobbies. He maintained the tradition of a Christmas carol party, which he hosted every year.
In 2004, Rehnquist was diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Though his physical condition declined, he continued in his role as chief justice and died on September 3, 2005, a month shy of his 81st birthday.
|Clerk||Law School||Terms Clerked|
|Charles J. Cooper||Alabama (1977)||1978|
|Michael J. Meehan||Arizona (1971)|
|Brett L. Dunkelman||Arizona (1980)||1981|
|Kevin R. Boyle||Arizona (1997)||1999|
|William R. Lindsay||Berkeley (1985)||1986|
|Jeffrey L. Bleich||Berkeley (1989)||1990|
|William S. Eggeling||Boston (1974)||1975|
|John C. Englander||Boston (1983)||1984|
|Stephen M. Sargent||BYU (1993)||1994|
|Jay T. Jorgensen||BYU (1997)||1999|
|Monica J. Wahl (Shaffer)||Chicago||1990|
|Maureen E. Mahoney||Chicago (1978)||1979|
|David B. Jaffe||Chicago (1981)||1982|
|J. Anthony Downs||Chicago (1986)||1987|
|Lindley J. Brenza||Chicago (1987)||1988| | <urn:uuid:af777708-800b-49cf-99ab-33c0dca09d0d> | 2013-05-23T18:44:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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What is craniosynostosis?
Craniosynostosis (say "kray-nee-oh-sih-noh-STOH-sus") is a problem with the skull that causes a baby's head to be oddly shaped. In rare cases it causes pressure on the baby's brain, which can cause damage. It is also called craniostenosis.
A baby's skull is not just one bowl-shaped piece of bone. It is made up of five thin, bony plates that are held together by fibrous material called Reference sutures Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window. The sutures let the skull expand as the brain grows. Over time, the sutures harden and close the skull bones together.
When a baby has craniosynostosis, one or more of these sutures close too soon. How the problem affects your baby depends in part on how many of the sutures close too soon:
- If only one suture closes too soon, the baby's brain usually develops normally, but the head has an odd shape. This is what happens in most cases.
- If more than one suture closes too soon, the baby's brain may not be able to grow as fast as it should. If severe pressure builds up around the brain, it may cause brain damage, seizures, blindness, and Reference developmental delays Opens New Window. But this severe pressure is rare.
What causes craniosynostosis?
Experts aren't sure what causes this problem. In some cases, it runs in families. If you've had a baby with craniosynostosis and are planning another pregnancy, you may want to talk to your doctor about genetic counseling.
Craniosynostosis is more likely in:
- Babies who lie in a Reference breech position Opens New Window while in the uterus.
- Babies whose mothers smoke or live at a high altitude during pregnancy.
- Babies who are twins.
What are the symptoms?
The most common sign is an oddly shaped head at birth or by the time the child is a few months old. For example, the skull may become long and narrow. Or it may be very flat and broad in front or back or on the sides. The baby may have a misshapen nose or jaw.
An oddly shaped head may be the only sign of craniosynostosis.
In rare cases, the disease causes pressure to build up on the baby's brain. This can cause brain damage and can make the baby develop more slowly than other children. If you know that your baby has this condition, call your doctor right away if your baby:
- Starts vomiting.
- Becomes sluggish and sleeps more and plays less.
- Becomes crankier than usual.
- Has swollen eyes or has problems moving the eyes or following objects.
- Has problems hearing.
- Breathes noisily or doesn't breathe for short periods of time.
How is craniosynostosis diagnosed?
You or your doctor may notice that your baby has an odd-shaped head at birth, shortly after birth, or later at a well-child checkup.
Just because your baby has an oddly shaped head doesn't mean that he or she has craniosynostosis. Head shape may be affected by how your baby was positioned in your uterus, the birth process, or your baby's sleep position. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned about the shape of your baby's head.
Your doctor will:
- Look at each side of your baby's face and head.
- Measure your baby's head.
- Feel the sutures and soft spots (Reference fontanelles Opens New Window) on the skull.
- Feel the top and sides of the head, where sutures are located, for unusual ridges or bumps.
How is it treated?
Surgery is the usual treatment to correct craniosynostosis. It's usually done in the first year of life. The surgeon removes strips of bone in the skull to create artificial sutures. This surgery prevents or relieves pressure on the brain and allows the skull to expand normally. It also corrects the shape of your baby's head.
The earlier your child has surgery, the better the results. If there is pressure on the brain, your child needs surgery right away. If your baby doesn't seem to have pressure on the brain, your doctor may advise you to wait and see if the head shape returns to normal without surgery. Your child may wear a special helmet or other device to help reshape the skull. But your child may still need surgery later.
If your child needs surgery, talk with your doctor about what to expect. It may help to see some before-and-after pictures of other children who have had the same type of surgery so that you are prepared for how your child will look right after the surgery. There may be a lot of swelling and bruising at first.
Being involved in your baby's care while he or she is in the hospital may help you feel more comfortable when you take your baby home. You'll need to know how to care for your baby's incision and what problems to watch for. Problems after surgery aren't common.
It's normal to feel a wide range of emotions when your child has a problem like craniosynostosis. Counseling or a support group can help.
|By:||Reference Healthwise Staff||Last Revised: Reference May 11, 2012|
|Medical Review:||Reference John Pope, MD - Pediatrics
Reference Chuck Norlin, MD - Pediatrics | <urn:uuid:75404082-214d-4526-8796-9e6046aced27> | 2013-05-23T18:39:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Parallels is a worldwide leader in virtualization and automation software that optimizes computing for consumers, businesses, and Cloud services providers across all major hardware, operating systems, and virtualization platforms.
For the Cloud, Parallels automation and virtualization software enables cloud services providers to rapidly and profitably deliver the widest range of cloud services that small businesses want and need. Our software includes key building blocks of cloud service delivery - self service control panels, billing, cloud service provisioning and virtualization. We enable the delivery of all types of services that small businesses need - shared web hosting and web applications, messaging and collaboration services, virtualized infrastructure services and thousands of other applications.
Our Automation products allow businesses to optimize their systems to maximize profit. Our Virtualization products allow personal computers to run several operating systems on one computer (like OSX and Windows) and for individual servers to function like many servers at once for creating cloud computing environments.
This website was created using our Parallels Panel product. We offer a full line of Billing, Sitebuilder and cloud computing tools. Please visit www.parallels.com to find out more information. | <urn:uuid:342751bf-b065-4563-9631-7063d735ca15> | 2013-05-23T18:31:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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There's only a handful of auto manufactures coming from Asia that earned the trust of people all around the world. One of the elite Asian automakers happens to be Honda. Aside from being reliable and dependable, Honda cars exhibit top-caliber design, excellent drivability, fuel economy, safety, and affordability. With these qualities, it's not surprising that many American buyers are going for Honda's models and even topnotch Honda parts.
Honda is a relatively newcomer in the automotive world and in fact, it was born just after World War II in Japan. Soichiro Honda was the visionary behind the company and he envisioned creating affordable motorbikes for the Japanese public. Since most Japanese didn't have enough money to buy automobiles, the company took advantage by selling motorbikes, which were pretty inexpensive back in the day. The company toiled with motorcycles and motorbikes for a couple of decades before finally deciding to make its very first cars in the 60s. It was during that period that the carmaker entered the world of Formula One racing. The company launched the N600 in the United States and though compact and quite inexpensive, it didn't create a lot of buzz with most American customers. Eventually, the company introduced the Civic and that put the Honda's name among the elite car manufacturers in the world.
Today, the company isn't only known for the Civic, but also for other models such as the Accord, Fit, CR-V, and Odyssey. Aside from these topnotch car models, it also launched another marquee called the Acura in order to create luxury cars that are not very expensive. Aside from being a trusted brand, it has become the largest producer of internal combustion engines. As of 2008, it's the fourth largest automobile manufacturer in the United States, surpassing Chrysler. The secret to Honda's success is its world-class Honda accessories and parts. These small components make all of its models unique and perform at their best each time they hit the road.
If you're a proud owner of a Honda vehicle, then we're pretty sure that you want to get only the best performance out of it. To do that, it has to be equipped only with high-quality Honda accessories and parts. Now if you don't know where to find reliable auto parts and accessories, then you've come to the right place. That's because here at Parts Train, we offer the best auto parts and accessories that you can purchase by simply browsing the store's catalog. Parts Train gives you the chance to shop anytime you want because our store is open 24/7. Aside from that, we deliver right away and we make sure that all the Honda parts that you purchased are in superb shape when you receive them. So take this golden opportunity by shopping here at Parts Train today! | <urn:uuid:df38b8f3-4d47-43d4-ae1b-fb6192141ae9> | 2013-05-23T18:39:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This is an edited version of a post written to harp-l in August 2003.
This brings up a question about tunings.
I think that I know the answer, but maybe Pat Missin can give the definite answer.
I don't know about THE answer, but I'll try to give an answer...
Is it not true that just tuning produces slightly different pitches in every
key? If true, this means that a harp can have just tuning only in the
first-position key stamped on the cover? Doesn't this mean that when you
play it in any other position/key that you don't have just tuning any more?
Not really. There is a widespread belief that Just Intonation has to be based in a given key. This is not exactly the case, although there are many text books that talk about such things as "the Just Intonation Scale in the key of G", or something like that. This is misleading, as there is no single JI scale. JI can be used to generate an infinite variety of scales. Nor do they have to be in a specific key.
Just Intonation is more concerned with getting the optimal harmony for a set of pitches to be played simultaneously. The harmonica makes this a comparatively easy process, as there are only certain combinations of notes that can be played at any given time. For example, on a standard C diatonic, blowing produces the notes C, E and G. It is easy to tune these notes to produce a perfectly pure chord. Now, it doesn't matter whether you are using this C chord as the tonic chord in first position, the subdominant chord in 2nd, or the dominant chord in 12th, the subtonic in 3rd position, etc ; in each case it is a perfectly tuned C major chord.
If you draw on the lower end of the same harp, you get the notes G, B and D. Again, it is easy to tune these notes as a pure G major chord and again, it doesn't matter whether you are playing this as the tonic chord in 2nd position, the dominant chord in 1st position, the secondary dominant in 12th position, or whatever. In each case it is a perfectly tuned G major chord.
Now, one of the problems with Just Intonation is that in order to have every note perfectly in tune with every other note, you would have to have an infinite range of notes. Instruments such as the trombone, a choir of human voices, fretless stringed instruments, etc, have precisely this capability (although only for one note at a time), but many instruments have only a limited range of notes. One immediate problem is that you cannot make up a simple seven note diatonic scale in JI where each of the notes is in perfect tune with each of the others. For example, if you took our C chord above and tuned it purely, then built a G chord starting on the fifth of the C chord, then rearranged them to form a scale, you would have the notes C D E G B C. Now, the problems would start if you wanted to add an A to this scale. If you were to tune the A to be a perfect fifth above the D, it would be out of tune with the C. If you were to tune it to be a pure minor third below the C, it would now be out of tune with the D. Start adding more notes and you start adding more of these problems. This is how tempering becomes a vitally important factor in the history of fretted strings, harps (stringed variety) keyboard instruments, etc. and the music associated with them.
However, the harmonica doesn't have these problems, for the simple reason that there are only certain combinations of notes that can be played simultaneously. For example, on our C harp, you can play the A (6 draw) at the same time as the D (4 draw), but you cannot play it at the same time as a C (4 or 7 blow). Therefore you can tune the D and the A together, and not have to worry too much about whether it is perfectly in tune with the C, providing they are both tuned in such as way that they sound acceptable in a melodic context. As the difference in this case between the first A (the one that is a perfect 5th above the D) and the second A (the one that is a pure minor 3rd below the C, or a pure major 6th above the C - it's the same note either way) is only about 20 cents, either one will function quite well melodically.
In fact, for the most part, the most common JI intervals do not vary from their 12TET equivalent (12TET = 12 Tone Equal Temperament, the most common tuning system used in modern world) by any painfully huge amounts. Therefore it is mostly a simple case of getting the harp into tune with itself to produce the sweetest chords, then tweaking the whole tuning so that the average deviation from "standard concert pitch" is minimal. This is what good harmonica technicians do on a daily basis. Any small discrepancies that occur can be dealt with by the player's technique and most good players do this almost unconsciously. This is why I chuckle to myself when I read recommendations that single note players would sound better using an equal tempered harp. Actually, for the most part, if you are playing single notes, the precise intonation of your harp barely matters at all. Rather than 12TET sounding better for single note players, it is more a case of 12TET sounding worse for chordal players.
... there is one aspect of the standard diatonic tuning that does pose a significant problem. When I said that "the most common JI intervals do not vary from their 12TET equivalent by any painfully huge amounts" I am referring to what is technically called 5-limit Just Intonation. This is the theoretical basis of most Western art music (although in practice things rarely achieve this ideal) and it is possible to tune certain harmonica layouts perfectly using this system - natural minor and Melody Maker, for example. However, the standard major diatonic tuning (and also the harmonic minor tuning) pose certain problems, in that they are impossible to tune purely by using 5-limit intervals. The main problem is that pesky 5 draw (and its octave partner 9 draw).
In JI, with the exception of octaves (and to a lesser extent fourths and fifths) two consecutive intervals of exactly the same size simply do not sound good - they produce harsh dissonance. So, if you were to tune 3 and 4 draw (B and D on our C harp) and 4 and 5 draw (D and F) so that there were both pure minor thirds, they would sound fine if you were to play either B and D, or D and F. However, play any combination that includes both B and F and it will sound like an angry hornet's nest. The way to solve this is to tune the D-F "minor third" interval so that is slightly smaller than the B-D minor third. This gives you a beautifully smooth and rich G7 chord, but the F note at the top of that G7 chord is much flatter than the F that is the fourth note of the C major scale. Whereas the typical 5-limit JI intervals are usually less than 20 cents away from their 12TET equivalents, this "flat" 5 draw (technically it is a 7-limit minor third, also called a subminor third) is more than 30 cents from the tempered version, which is a lot more noticeable. This means that if you tune your harp like this (which is how all diatonics were traditionally tuned), it will sound great for playing cross harp blues, but when you play first position stuff (especially if you use single notes rather than a chordal approach) it might not sound so good. It probably will also sound a little odd when you play third position, as you are technically playing a subminor minor mode rather than the typical dorian minor and it will probably sound pretty horrible if you play in 12 position, as your root note will be substantially "flat". There are various ways to deal with this, however.
If anyone is interested, the harmonic minor tuning presents even more of a problem. Not only do you have the minor third between 3 and 4 draw, you also have minor thirds between 4 and 5 draw AND 5 and 6 draw. The solution to this involves using higher level JI intervals drawn from the 17-limit, but I'll save that for a later article ...
Just tuning is the reason barbershop and string quartets sound so good,
because the instruments used (voice and strings) can be tuned by the ears of
the players who automatically use just regardless of the key.
This is often described as "adaptive JI". Rather than having a fixed palette of pitches, singers and players of certain instruments can continuously tweak each note for the optimum intonation at any point in the tune. Again, to some extent, a good harmonica player will be able to do micro-bends to keep their instrument in good relative tune with the accompaniment.
Tempered/equal (twelfth-root-of-two) tuning is a compromise that doesn't
sound quite as good in any key as just but does sound the same in all keys?
Thus equal tuning is the obvious choice for any instrument that uses fixed
pitches and is played in all keys.
It is a choice, but it is not the only one, nor is it always the best one, although it is the commonest. There are various other possibilities, depending on the context.
It would seem possible to have an electronic keyboard that could adjust the
pitches to give just tuning in any key. You would only have to push a
button to tell it which key to tune to.
There are such things, although you then run into the problems that I mention above, so in anything but the most harmonically simple piece of music, you would have to keep pushing that button all the way though the tune.
Hope this isn't too technical and of course, if anyone has any further questions, I'd be happy to try to answer them.
However, as I am here anyway...
I did have a couple of offlist questions regarding the term "limit" in JI theory. For the most part, it's not something you need to worry about too much, but here is a quick cursory coverage.
All intervals in JI are determined by ratios, with a preference for simpler ones. Basically, the simpler the relationship between two notes, the easier it is for our brain to process them, so the sweeter they sound to us.
If you take two notes of identical pitch, they are said to be in the ratio of 1:1, ie a single helping of one note is the same size as a single helping of the other note. The highest prime number (in fact, the only number) in this ratio is 1, therefore this could be said to have a prime limit of 1. A 1-limit tuning system would not be very exciting, as you would only have one note!
You probably all know that if you take a note and double its frequency, you will raise its pitch by an octave. Therefore, two notes an octave apart are said to be in the ratio 1:2. The highest prime number here is 2. If you were to have a tuning system with a prime limit of 2, then you could have only one note, but you could have it in any octave you wanted. Obviously not a very practical tuning system for most music.
If you were to take two numbers in the ratio of 2:3, the second number would be a perfect fifth higher than the first. So, if you were to take a note and raise its pitch by 3/2 (ie multiply it by one and a half) you would raise it by a fifth. For example, if you were to start with 440Hz and multiply by 3/2, you would get 660Hz. In our standard system, 440Hz is an A, so 660Hz would be a perfect 5th above it. By taking any note as a starting point and multiplying it by 3/2, then multiplying the result by 3/2, over and over, you can generate a series of perfect fifths. Unlike in our typical tempered tuning system, there is no circle of perfect fifths, it is an infinite spiral. Starting with C you would have C, G, D, A, E, B, F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#, B#, F##, C##, etc., etc. The B# in this system would be a little sharper than C, the C## would be a little sharper than D, etc. In fact, this is how most Western music was tuned for several centuries until someone decided to make B# the same as C and limit the scale to 12 notes. Tuning this way by perfect fifths is often called Pythagorean tuning, although Pythagoras was by no means the first or the only person to discover it. As the scale is generated by the ratio 2:3 and the highest prime number in this ratio is 3, then this is termed a 3-limit system. It makes a fine scale for melodic purposes, but the "major thirds" produced by the 3-limit are a little harsh when used harmonically. For this reason, early Western art music treated the major third as a dissonant interval.
OK. So we've had 1:2 and 2:3, so the next obvious pair of numbers would be 3:4. If you take any frequency and raise it by 4/3 (or multiply by 1 and a third), you raise the pitch of the note by a perfect fourth. Actually, the highest prime in the ratio 3:4 is also 3, so this is still a 3-limit system, because a perfect fourth is simply a perfect fifth going off towards infinity in the opposite direction: C, F, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb, Fb, Bbb, etc.
So, after 1:2, 2:3, and 3:4, we would logically arrive at 4:5 and if you were to raise a frequency by 5/4 (ie multiply it by one and a quarter) you would get a note a major third higher. So if we take our 440Hz and multiply it by 5/4, we get 550Hz. This would be a justly intonated C#. If we were to throw in our E of 660Hz, we would have a chord of 440Hz, 550Hz and 660Hz. This would be a pure major chord in the ratios 4:5:6. The highest prime number in this ratio is 5, so this is part of a 5-limit system. As I said, this is the theoretical basis of much Western music. Both 3-limit and 5 limit JI give acceptable diatonic and chromatic scales, but 5-limit gives nice smooth harmonies in thirds and sixths.
The next ratio after 1:2, 2:3, 3:4, and 4:5 would be 5:6. Actually, we already encountered that in our chord of 440Hz 550Hz and 660Hz. The C and E in this A major chord are in the ratio of 5:6, so multiplying any frequency by 6/5 raises it by a minor third. This is still part of the 5-limit.
So our next basic ratio would be 6:7. This is where the "problems" come in. If we take our major chord in the ratio of 4:5:6 and add a note to make it 4:5:6:7, we get a pure seventh chord, the same as you would find in holes 2, 3, 4 and 5 draw on a traditionally just intonated harp. So, added to our A of 440Hz, our C# of 550Hz and our E of 660Hz, we would have a slightly flat G of 770Hz. The highest prime in the ratio 6:7 is 7, so we are now dealing with a 7-limit system.
Now pause for second and remember that to raise a note by a perfect fourth you multiply it by 4/3. So, let's take our A, raise it by a fourth to get a D, then raise it by another fourth to get a G.
440Hz x 4/3 = 586.666Hz
586.666Hz x 4/3 = 782.222Hz
Hm. So the 7-limit G (the upper note of our pure A7 chord) is actually more than 12Hz flatter than the 3-limit G (two perfect fourths above the A). In fact, although both the 3-limit and 5-limit systems give us stuff that sounds like our familiar diatonic scales, the 7-limit introduces notes that are often about 1/3 of a semitone away from our familiar scales. This can make for nice sweet barbershop harmony, or for piquant blues notes, but you really don't want to be playing a 7-limit interval when your ears (or your audience's ears) want to hear a 5-limit or 3-limit interval.
The next prime numbers after 7 are 11 and 13. The 11-limit and 13-limit intervals involve even greater deviation from familiar territory, often involving intervals of around a quartertone (half a tempered semitone), giving such exotic things as neutral thirds and sevenths (ie neither major nor minor, but somewhere in between). Not particularly useful for conventional harmonic purposes, but you do often encounter such melodic intervals in blues and some Middle Eastern music.
The next couple of primes are 17 and 19. These start to take us back to more familiar sounds, as 17-limit and 19-limit intervals often come quite close to approximating our common 12TET notes. Beyond the 19-limit, things tend not to have much of an identifiable quality of their own.
|Return to Tunings Page||Return to Main Index| | <urn:uuid:751cd557-c082-4934-aced-a8b5d31a0552> | 2013-05-23T18:45:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hi Patti. I just want to say thank you again for donating your time to come support the Heather Brooke Foundation on the day of our tournament. We truly appreciate it. I have added your link to our web site (http://www.heatherbrookefoundation.org/eventinfo.htm)
. Hopefully you will get some hits from it!!
Secretary of the Heather Brooke Foundation | <urn:uuid:4627328d-a65d-4e74-af9d-2405e2bb5b88> | 2013-05-23T18:38:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A Rim country man was found dead in his vehicle in a vacant field south of the Mazatzal Casino Wednesday.
The body of Parmer Oliver Claunch, 57, may have been in the van from one to three weeks, Payson Police Det. Steve Johnson said.
Johnson said that the man had been living in his vehicle at the location where his body was discovered "for a considerable length of time. He didn't have any residence. He had been employed at Whispering Pines Ranch, but lost his job," Johnson said. "With no source of income, he was living out of his van."
The body was found 4 p.m. Wednesday.
"He was starting to skeletonize; he was badly decomposed," Johnson said. "The initial autopsy reports indicate no foul play, but we may never know the actual cause of death."
Claunch's identification was not released until this morning, when police officials managed to locate and notify Claunch's brother, a resident of Florida. | <urn:uuid:78bf9a47-1643-4660-a3dc-c04369b9c4e1> | 2013-05-23T18:52:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Overview - FSS-WORKPLACE SOCIAL SKILLS-ALL 3 PROGRAMS
These easy-to-use programs cover on-the-job social skills. Students become more independent as they improve their functional skills. Software includes live-action video. Compatible with single switch, touch screen, and Intellikeys.
Programs: Personal includes taking responsibility, dependability, consequences, telling the truth, assertiveness, self-control, and more. Responding features starting conversations, asking for assistance, following directions, apologizing, compliments, complaints, and more. Initiating covers understanding other people's feelings, handling criticism, problem solving, responding to peer pressure, and dealing with angry people. | <urn:uuid:ab984ffb-75a8-41f7-8eda-c4583cd939dd> | 2013-05-23T19:00:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Could someone please dumb this down for me? I'm finding advanced settings, but not advanced properties for Firefox. If it is the same thing, I'm still not finding "standard browser at startup". Same with Thunderbird, I'm not seeing properties, but I am seeing preferences. Assuming they refer to the same thing, I'm not seeing "standard mailer at startup".
Sorry if this is a dumb question! I'm running PCLOS 2010 with Thunderbird 3.0.4 and Firefox 3.6.3. | <urn:uuid:14d8b154-80e5-406b-89cf-6c4b533bd76e> | 2013-05-23T18:33:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ray Tracing and Gaming - Quake 4: Ray Traced Project
Quake 4: Ray traced
An algorithm was invented for this work that uses rays for collision detection (CD). A polygon-exact CD is quite easy for direct weapons. Only one ray is needed to determine the target. Shooting this ray works through the exact same mechanisms and data structures as shooting a ray to get a color value in rendering.
(Polygon exact collision detection using ray tracing)
For the player model a bounding sphere was approximated through many rays like in a radar system.
(Bounding sphere approximated through rays)
An interesting special effect which I want to present here in more detail is water. As we expect it from nature water should reflect the surrounding environment and it should be possible to look through the water with some refractions going on. Water in motion should not look flat; there should be some visible height differences in the waves. I want to present you some examples of water in games that we have seen the last years. Of course these 'optimizations' had to be done to make the game render fast enough, so this should not be a critic of the game or company itself. It should just show how water looks today in some games, what it lacks and how it could look in ray tracing games.
('Far Cry' (2004): The reflection in the water shows only the mountains, not the trees.)
('Far Cry': Taking a close look at the reflections you see that the resolution is lower then the rest of the world.)
('Gothic 3' from 2006: Quite unspectacular water without any reflections)
The water in 'Quake 4: Ray traced' (http://www.q4rt.de/) uses an animation set of many normal maps to simulate the height differences from the waves. One ray is used for reflection on that normal maps, one ray is used to get the refraction through the water. The result is nice looking water.
('Quake 4: Ray traced': The water reflects the environment and the player)
Samples from Q4RT in action can be seen in this video: | <urn:uuid:66434d82-fa1d-46e1-bec2-495a6fcc3f25> | 2013-05-23T19:07:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Are you taking your PPI consistently, but still not having complete relief of your symptoms? Maybe it's what you’re putting in your mouth. Your diet and eating habits can actually make your digestive condition worse.
There are a couple of ways certain foods can cause problems. Some may relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) — a muscle that acts as a valve between your esophagus and stomach. If this muscle relaxes and doesn’t close properly, acid can reflux back up into the esophagus. Also, some foods may irritate the damaged lining of the esophagus or stomach.
Learn about foods and ways of eating that may be causing you to reach for those extra antacids.
You may want to think twice before sitting down for a big pasta dinner or an all-you-can-eat pizza buffet. Tomato-based products, such as sauces, are acidic foods that may increase reflux symptoms and cause stomach irritation. Other acidic culprits include citrus fruits like grapefruits, lemons, oranges, and their juices.
Eating large portions of food can lead to indigestion and increase the pressure in the stomach, pushing acid into the esophagus. To avoid this discomfort, eat smaller, more frequent meals.
Spearmint and peppermint extracts are used in many foods, but unfortunately, they may exacerbate the symptoms of GERD. Mint may relax the muscles in the gastrointestinal tract, including the LES. But don’t put away your mint-flavored gum just yet! Studies show that chewing gum for one hour after a meal reduces acid reflux. Gum is thought to work by increasing saliva production, which helps to neutralize acid.
Caffeine and Carbonation
That morning cup of coffee or afternoon soda may be causing you discomfort. Caffeine is thought to increase acid levels and relax the LES, which can aggravate an existing ulcer or worsen acid reflux. Some studies show that even decaf coffee may relax the LES. Carbonated beverages, such as sodas or carbonated waters, may lead to acid reflux by increasing the pressure in your stomach.
Fatty foods trigger reflux symptoms by decreasing the pressure of the LES. Eating too many fatty foods can increase digestive symptoms and may lead to weight gain. There is a link between being overweight and GERD. Studies show that obese people with GERD who lose weight have significant improvement in their symptoms. If you have recently gained weight and your clothes are too tight, this too may be making your symptoms worse. Tight-fitting clothes put pressure on the stomach, causing acid to flow into the esophagus.
Hot, Hot, Hot!
Spicy foods can make your heartburn and stomach pain sizzle. Foods with a little kick are often responsible for GERD symptoms. Although spicy fare may irritate the stomach of people with ulcers, it does not cause ulcers. Actually, people with ulcers do not need to follow a bland diet, as previously thought. However, if a specific spicy item does cause problems, it may be a good idea to avoid that food.
Are you a chocoholic? Be careful, because those little treats you are allowing yourself could wreak havoc on your esophagus. Chocolate aggravates GERD by relaxing the LES. That chocolate snack may be particularly problematic at night time.
Snacking late may increase the risk of nighttime heartburn. To avoid this nocturnal discomfort, don’t eat two to three hours before lying down to sleep. Raising the head of your bed may also help to keep the acid in your stomach where it belongs.
Having a few drinks this weekend? Before mixing that martini, think about the consequences. Alcohol may trigger GERD symptoms in three ways:
- Increasing acid secretion
- Relaxing the LES
- Slowing the movement of food through the gut
One study showed that men who drank alcohol and smoked were more likely to have GERD. Smoking contributes to digestive problems by increasing acid secretion, relaxing the LES, and decreasing saliva (saliva neutralizes acid). Smokers are more prone to ulcers, and smokers and drinkers may take longer to heal when they have an ulcer.
Know Yourself and Communicate With Your Doctor
We are all individuals. Not everyone will have the same reaction to each food. The best way to determine your food triggers is to keep a food and symptom journal--write down what you eat, how much you consume, and how you feel afterward. You may soon be able to identify the foods or habits causing you to take those extra antacids. Make sure to talk to your health care provider if you are not experiencing relief from your symptoms despite being on a PPI. | <urn:uuid:c4efc2f0-fa23-4d86-b763-0e9b3336093b> | 2013-05-23T18:51:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Jan 30, 2013 - Frank Schleck was banned for one year by Luxembourg's anti-doping body (ALAD) on Wednesday for failing a drugs test on last year's Tour de France, the body's president Robert Schuller announced.
The 32-year-old Schleck, who was third on the 2011 Tour, tested positive for the banned diuretic Xipamide.
Schleck can appeal the sanction, which was back-dated to July 14, 2012, but if the punishment stands he will miss the 2013 Tour when it gets underway on the Mediterranean island of Corsica on June 29.
Frank Schleck, the older brother of 2010 Tour de France winner Andy Schleck will lose all of his results from the 2012 event in which he was standing in 12th place overall when he was forced out.
"The disciplinary commission of ALAD sanctioned Frank Schleck under article 21.1 of the International Cycling Union (UCI) regulations," said Schuller.
"I am disappointed by the verdict. I think that the decision to suspend me for one year is too severe considering the fact that the council acknowledged that I unintentionally consumed a contaminated product," said Schleck. "Unfortunately the provisions of the UCI are such that an involuntary contamination is sufficient in order to pronounce a punishment".
The Luxembourg rider was sent home by his RadioShack team after failing the drug test following the 13th stage of last year's Tour, in which he had finished in 15th place. Schleck, who has always insisted on his innocence, said at the time that he had no idea how the diuretic got into his system. Despite the ban, Schleck said the decision proved that he cannot be labeled a doper.
"I am relieved that the judges acknowledged that the present is not a case of doping and that I had no intention to enhance my performance. This is very important for me, my family, for my team and all those who support me," he added. "We will now analyze the decision in detail and decide on potential further steps. However I bear a positive aspect of the decision in mind - the judges acknowledged that I am not a cheater."
Schleck, who has always insisted on his innocence, said at the time that he had no idea how the diuretic got into his system. "I know that I did nothing wrong," he said.
The Management of Leopard S.A. has taken note of the verdict of the CDD (Conseil de Discipline contre le Dopage) in the case of Fränk Schleck's positive test for xipamide during the 2012 Tour de France.
Leopard S.A. is content that the anti-doping authorities have now reached a verdict, but will not make any further declarations about the case until it has studied the argumentation of the CDD more closely. | <urn:uuid:abbcc4a2-2bfa-45a8-9d8a-f0ca4ac001b0> | 2013-05-23T18:45:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Posted by Kali on July 20, 1997 at 01:47:55:
In reply to Cheerful manner posted by Kathy F. on July 19, 1997 at 15:40:59
Mr. Knightley had a cheerful manner, which always did him good; and his many inquiries after "poor Isabella" and her children were answered most satisfactorily.
I've always assumed that this paragraph - this sentence especially - was meant to read a bit tongue-in-cheek. It would make sense that Mr. Knightley's kind and cheerful manner would bring out the best in other people - especially Mr. Woodhouse, whose charm and animation shines when the right buttons are pushed. So in a way, it can be read BOTH ways at once, though the syntax chalks up in favor of Mr. Knightley as the object... | <urn:uuid:ededca5a-be71-4bbc-b475-2883a84b5717> | 2013-05-23T19:05:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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small potatoes, peeled and diced into 1/2 inch cubes
small sweet potatoe, peeled and diced into 1/2 inch cubes
large bag (12 ounces) cleaned and chopped spinach
tablespoons freshly chopped cilantro
tablespoons plainyogurt or sour cream
In a stock pot, heat oil over medium heat. Add chicken cubes and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Saute for 2-3 minutes, stirring occasionally to brown all sides of meat cubes.
Add garlic, ginger, and onion. Saute for another 2-3 minutes. Add dried spices (cumin, mustard, coriander, cinnamon) and brown sugar and stir until combined. Add broth and tomatoes with juice; bring to a boil. Add vegetables. Return to boil, reduce heat and cook for 10 minutes. Add lentils, cover, and simmer for an additional 20 minutes.
Using a fork, check to be sure vegetables are soft. When soft, add spinach, stir to combine until spinach is wilted. Add cilantro.
Serve in soup bowls. Garnish each bowl with a dollop of plain yogurt or sour cream, if desired, and chopped cilantro. | <urn:uuid:2b5eb7c6-5284-4b4e-9d70-4cce6e21b3fb> | 2013-05-23T18:32:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I will present analytic solutions to a class of cosmological models described by a canonical scalar field minimally coupled to gravity and experiencing self interactions through a hyperbolic potential. Using models and methods of solution inspired by 2T-physics, I will show how analytic solutions can be obtained including radiation and spacial curvature. Among the analytic solutions, there are many interesting geodesically complete cyclic solutions, both singular and non-singular ones. Cyclic cosmological models provide an alternative to inflation for solving the horizon and flatness problems as well as generating scale-invariant perturbations. I will argue in favor of the geodesically complete solutions as being more attractive for constructing a more satisfactory model of cosmology. When geodesic completeness is imposed, it restricts models and their parameters to certain a parameter subspace, including some quantization conditions on parameters. I will explain the theoretical origin of our model from the point of view of 2T-gravity as well as from the point of view of the colliding branes scenario. If time permits, I will discuss how to associate solutions of the quantum Wheeler-deWitt equation with the classical analytic solutions, physical aspects of some of the cyclic solutions, and outline future directions. | <urn:uuid:eee006eb-7c38-4bbb-a07c-3cf354a4c32d> | 2013-05-23T18:39:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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in reply to
Re^2: The App:: namespace? Sharing a webapp on CPAN
in thread The App:: namespace? Sharing a webapp on CPAN
If scripts are too small for sourceforge, it's probably a quick hack to perform task X. Cool Uses For Perl looks like a good place, or Snippets.
Results (487 votes), | <urn:uuid:1af4cad7-f7a9-431c-bf73-2d4ef9bebb53> | 2013-05-23T18:39:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Did you know cats quite easily learn to walk on a leash? I call it "liberation training" because it allows the cat to safely accompany you beyond the confines of your house. There's nothing wrong--and I encourage--keeping cats inside in a safe environment. But if you have a "Christopher Columbus" type cat eager and curious to explore, a leash--or a stoller--might be an option. You can find the strollers at pet products stores, and they work extremely well for nearly any confident cat. For leash training, I prefer halters. The cat's neck is quite fragile and can't stand much tugging on a collar. Also, the kitty head is nearly the same size as the neck, so a collar can easily slip over the head and WHOOPS, you've got a lost cat. The H-style harnesses used for dogs may work well for the largest cats, as long as you fit them snug. Kitties are contortionists and will wiggle and pretzel themselves out of confinement if you aren't careful. So I prefer the figure-8 harnesses, because when the cat tugs against the leash, the halter tightens so he can't wiggle out. There now also are cat vests available that completely covers the cat's upper torso. Training goes much more quickly with kittens. They simply don't know any better and think it's a game. Older cats may fall over and pretend paralysis when first fitted with a halter. To start, make the halter part of the furniture. Toss it on the floor, play with it, pet the cat with the harness so it smells like him, and otherwise make it a normal (not scary) part of his world. When you first put on the harness, have a treat or feather toy handy to distract the cat. If the kitten chases the feather while wearing the harness, he realizes it doesn't restrict movement. Older cats will take some convincing. Leave it on only a couple minutes each day and build up the time until you can clip on a leash and follow the kitty around the room. Eventually you should be able to have safe excursions into the garden or to Grandma's house--or even to the pet products store to check out the cat furniture.
- Filed Under: News & Blogs | <urn:uuid:d4961611-1810-4c32-9d7e-2bf9e8cd71e2> | 2013-05-23T18:33:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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After wearing glasses since age 12, had LASIK surgery in late January 1998 to correct acute nearsightedness.
Started playing golf at age 6 by following his father around and won his first tournament at 11.
Three of his last four PGA TOUR victories came on holidays—1992 BellSouth Classic (Mother's Day), 1992 U.S. Open (Father's Day), 1993 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic (Valentines Day).
Biggest thrill in golf was being selected as the Ryder Cup captain in 1997.
Has worked with such teachers as Harvey Penick, Bob Toski, Peter Kostis, Chuck Cook, Jim McLean, Dave Pelz and Dave Phillips.
His daughter, Stephanie, was a former gymnast at the University of Alabama and was a member of its national championship squad in 2002. Son David played golf at South Carolina and served a stint as an assistant men's golf coach at the College of Charleston.
Lists Pebble Beach as his favorite golf course and Michael Jordan as his favorite athlete.
Inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in November 2002, along with Charlie Sifford, Marlene Streit and Isao Aoki.
Dream foursome would include Bobby Jones, Ben Hogan, Byron Nelson and Walter Hagen "because they were the best players of all time that I never had a chance to play with.".
The first car he owned was a 1957 Chevy.
Enjoys Mexican food.
He and his family have two dogs, Maja, a shepherd mix, and Mulligan, a foxhound.
Says the best shot of his career was when he holed his lob wedge for a birdie on the seventh hole at Pebble Beach during the last round of the 1992 U.S. Open that helped him to a two-stroke win.
Would like to continue his golf course design work in the future, with his son David joining him. | <urn:uuid:a4953d6b-5bb4-46e5-95a5-cc0c40b6bec6> | 2013-05-23T18:51:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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To download or order the full guidebook, click here.
There are three principal timeframes in which you can donate assets to charity:
- Make charitable contributions while you are alive;
- Arrange for the disbursement of your assets after your death but before a specific date or event; or
- Create or endow an entity that is intended to exist in perpetuity.
These three options are not mutually exclusive. You can make extensive charitable contributions within your lifetime and create a sunsetting entity and establish a perpetual entity. Nevertheless, these are the three basic timeframes in which charitable giving can be conducted. From the perspective of donor intent, there are advantages and disadvantages to each. Donors should think carefully about what they hope to achieve before adopting any one of these strategies.
Giving While Living
If you disburse all of the assets you intend to give to charity within your lifetime, you will have effectively taken care of the issue of donor intent. After all, if there are no assets to entrust to others to disburse, there is no issue of donor intent.
You will, of course, have to grapple with the similar issue of grant compliance—ensuring that the charities you fund use your assets for their intended purposes. As every donor knows, grantees may or may not use contributions for their intended purposes. Or as donors learn more about their grantees, they may decide they want to work with other organizations or in different funding areas. Grant compliance is related to donor intent, but it is not quite the same as establishing the parameters within which your successors are to distribute your assets. (For more on grant compliance, please see Chapter 1.)
Giving while living resolves the issue of donor intent, narrowly understood. Again, this is not to suggest that grantees will always perform to your expectations if you spend down during your lifetime; it is possible to feel enormously frustrated with your grant recipients in the process of spending down. It is rather to say that if you disburse all of your charitable assets within your lifetime, you will not have to create mechanisms to govern the distribution of your assets after your death.
There is another important reason why many donors decide to complete their philanthropic giving during their lifetimes. They often sense that their money will go much further if it is spent immediately, on pressing problems. These philanthropists want to be personally involved in the programs they support, investing their time and business acumen—in addition to their wealth—to address the problems of today. They tend to be confident that later generations will make and disburse new fortunes to address future challenges.
Furthermore, if you spend down your charitable resources during your lifetime, you do not have to confront the potential problems associated with creating a grantmaking entity that will survive you. For example, there is a tendency among grantmaking organizations to drift away from a founding donor’s vision and toward conformity with industry trends and staff preferences. That drift need not be inevitable—indeed, one purpose of this guidebook is to provide strategies for its prevention—but it is nevertheless unmistakable. To the extent that donors spend down their charitable resources within their lifetimes, the issue is taken off the table.
Giving while living likewise avoids another problem common among grantmakers whose founding donors are no longer in a position to control them: the emphasis on asset growth rather than grantmaking. Institutional grantmakers have institutional imperatives, foremost among which is the preservation of the institution. While this tendency can be mitigated by date-certain sunset provisions, it remains pronounced among entities that have perpetuity as a foundational goal. If your board has a fiduciary duty to perpetuate your philanthropy into the indeterminate future, it is unsurprising and perhaps inevitable that its focus will gravitate away from grantmaking and toward asset preservation.
(Indeed, a related institutional problem can afflict the grantmaking activities of many institutional donors: bureaucratic sclerosis. The pathologies to which largely unaccountable organizations are susceptible have been known to plague grantmaking organizations. Again, donors who spend down during their lifetimes are often less susceptible to the problem. “I think the worst thing that can happen is to wind up creating a foundation with 500 people in a skyscraper writing each other reports,” explains Patrick Byrne, chairman and CEO of Overstock.com. “I certainly didn’t work this hard to create something like that.”)
And, of course, even within an organization that stays committed to its founding donor’s vision, cultural and social changes can render the mission obsolete, no matter how forward-looking or principled its original purpose. Diseases can be cured, social ills can decline and even disappear. When Robert Richard Randall died in June 1801, for example, the New York sea captain and merchant left a considerable sum of money for the purpose of creating a “haven for aged, decrepit, and worn-out sailors.” Randall’s bequest, intended to be perpetual, gave rise to Sailor’s Snug Harbor on Staten Island, which by the late-19th century housed more than 1,000 retired sailors on an 83-acre campus with a working farm, dairy, bakery, chapel, hospital, conservatory, and cemetery. By the 1950s, with only about 200 residents remaining, the facility had fallen into such disrepair that it was taken over by the New York City Landmarks Commission. (The retired sailors were moved to North Carolina.) Snug Harbor has since reopened as a cultural center and botanical garden—worthy causes, to be sure, but completely unrelated to the vision of Captain Randall.
Charles Feeney and the Atlantic Philanthropies
Charles (“Chuck”) Feeney is perhaps the leading example of a donor who is committed to spending down his fortune within his own lifetime. Feeney co-founded the Duty Free Shoppers Group, and gave away some $5.5 billion between 1982 and 2011. As of 2011, he planned to spend the remaining $2 billion of the Atlantic Philanthropies’ assets by the end of 2016, and close its doors by 2020. When it shuts down, the Atlantic Philanthropies will be the largest foundation in history to spend itself out of existence. “Today’s needs are so great and varied,” says Feeney, “that intelligent philanthropic support and positive interventions can have greater value and impact today than if they are delayed when the needs are greater.” Or, as he sometimes puts it, “If I have $10 in my pocket, and I do something with it today, it’s already producing $10 worth of good.”
It is not always practical or desirable to disburse all of your charitable dollars within your lifetime. Your giving may be focused on problems that you think will become more critical in the near future. You may be committed to helping a start-up organization build its capacity for some number of years, extending perhaps beyond your lifetime. Or, more fundamentally, it simply may not be feasible to spend all your philanthropic assets while you are alive. In these cases, it may make sense to create a limited-lifespan grantmaking entity that will survive you for a predetermined length of time.
From the perspective of donor intent, a limited-life grantmaking entity can have certain advantages over perpetual entities. Perhaps chief among them is that the founding donor frequently gets to choose the board that will lead the foundation over the course of its existence. (Indeed, for that reason many donors who create limited-life entities deliberately choose board members a generation younger than themselves.) In many, perhaps most, cases, the board will be populated by people who personally knew the founder, who knew his likes and dislikes. Such a board is generally more likely to be committed to fulfilling its donor’s intentions.
Of course, unless board members are chosen carefully, they may steer a grantmaker in a different direction from what the founder would have wanted. There are a number of instances in which grantmakers have departed very dramatically from their founders’ principles within 10 years of their deaths. A personal connection between the founder and succeeding board members often limits professional staff and unsympathetic trustees from straying too far from a donor’s values—but it is not infallible.
Many donors are drawn to the idea of sunsetting because limited-life entities can spend more aggressively, over a shorter, more focused period of time. The more intense pace of grantmaking makes for an outsized spending profile, with annual giving that can be greater than that of larger, perpetual entities that limit their annual payout to the legal minimum in order to preserve endowment. Limited-life grantmaking entities thus tend to have greater philanthropic impact within their prescribed lifetimes.
Consider the John M. Olin Foundation, which exercised outsized influence in the realm of advancing conservative ideas in the latter quarter of the 20th century. Some experts attribute its effectiveness to its being a limited-lifespan foundation, sunsetting 52 years after it was founded. Even though the foundation’s assets totaled not much more than $150 million, during the years it existed Olin had a spending profile of a perpetual foundation with assets of $400–500 million. The Olin Foundation made a deliberate decision to have a profound impact on its time, rather than a lighter one that spanned years into the future.
Perhaps just as importantly, limiting the life of a philanthropic entity tends to produce a greater sense of focus and purpose. Of course, sunsetting in itself does not guarantee that giving will be effective. But the knowledge that a deadline was looming certainly forced the Olin Foundation to act in ways it may not have were it a perpetual entity. Deadlines enforce discipline.
Sunsetting nevertheless presents a unique set of challenges. For example, precisely when a limited-lifespan entity should close up is debatable. Limited-life foundations often intend to spend down within 30 years of the death of the founder, or, frequently, the latter of either the founder or spouse. Some donors create a window of five years. Others have instituted 50-year lifespans. Still others have chosen not to set a fixed time period, but instead mandated a minimum annual payout percentage that is intended to run down principal over time.
There is no set rule regarding when to sunset your foundation; it depends on what the foundation is trying to accomplish. In choosing a closing date, however, your aim should be to find a happy medium between achieving your philanthropic goals and curtailing the deleterious effects that the passage of time may have on your intentions.
Finally, donors considering sunsetting should bear in mind a special problem facing limited-life entities. How should they prepare their favorite grantees—those whose missions neatly align with the vision of the grantmaker’s founder—for the loss of funding that will occur when the foundation spends down? How should they plan to structure their investment portfolio in order to maintain a consistent level of support for grantees? How should they plan to retain key employees in an organization that is slated to shutter its doors? Once the close-out date is reached, what should be done with archival materials, legal documents, and any residual assets?
Again, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to these questions; much depends on the unique circumstances of the funding arrangement. Any donor considering a limited-life grantmaking entity should think about offering guidance to his successors on all of these issues.
Creating a Perpetual Entity
Finally, donors have the option of creating a grantmaking entity that will survive them into the indefinite future. Perpetuity is the most common choice among the founders of grantmaking entities. While an open-ended timeframe complicates plans for maintaining donor intent, it can also offer some advantages. For example, a perpetual grantmaking entity may be an attractive vehicle for a donor whose principal concern is providing long-term support for certain geographic regions, demographic groups, or programmatic causes.
Similarly, it can make sense if a donor wants to make a certain kind of grant (like capital grants) or fund a certain activity (like supporting the arts, substance abuse, or disaster relief) where needs are likely to last forever.
Perpetuity nevertheless poses special challenges for those concerned with securing donor intent. Despite the susceptibility of perpetual entities to deviations from donor intent, there are steps that you can take to help safeguard against the corrosion of your philanthropic purposes. Some donors have employed strategies such as:
- incorporating mission statements and other donor intent documents into their bylaws and articles of incorporation;
- requiring their trustees to sign donor intent statements or to read their mission statement at every meeting of their board of directors;
- including in their founding documents a requirement for regular outside donor intent audits;
- giving outside entities legal standing to take action against the board should it stray from their mission.
All of these practices will be explored in greater detail in later chapters.
Perpetuity is notably popular among donors creating family foundations. According to one recent study, 63 percent of family foundations are established in perpetuity, with another 25 percent considering the option of perpetuity. The same study found that the “vast majority of perpetual foundations (77 percent) have never considered options other than perpetuity.”
Perpetuity is often the default option for estate planners. For some founding benefactors, perpetuity is chosen somewhat unintentionally.
The same study found that one of the two most frequently given reasons for the decision to create an entity in perpetuity is the “desire for family engagement in philanthropy across generations.” It is understandable why many donors hope to use a perpetual foundation in order to unify and preserve their families. Unfortunately, the record on preserving donor intent in perpetual family foundations is mixed. Money, even money dedicated to charitable purposes, can be an enormously destructive force within families. Many founding donors fail to foresee how disbursing the family’s philanthropic assets can become a contentious problem, and one that is often complicated with the introduction of multiple marriages and half-siblings. Others perhaps overestimate the sense of familial fidelity and ancestral deference among individuals three, six, or ten generations in the future.
There are cases in which a perpetual family foundation may not be particularly problematic from the perspective of donor intent. For example, if a donor is confident that future generations will be better positioned to address future challenges, then perpetuity will probably not undermine his intent. Similarly, if his principal philanthropic objective is for his family to give generously to charity, his intent will be honored so long as the charitable assets continue to be disbursed by the family. Similarly, among families with very strong religious commitments and identities, donors often have great confidence that their families will remain committed to a set of common values, and are not particularly daunted by the prospect of establishing a family foundation in perpetuity.
When Honoring Donor Intent Becomes Impossible
What happens if a donor’s intent in fact becomes impossible, impracticable, or even illegal to carry out? What if, say, you create a perpetual foundation exclusively dedicated to curing cancer—and a cure is found? What then happens to the corpus of the foundation? In these rare circumstances, courts may step in and apply the legal doctrine known as cy pres (pronounced either “see pray” or “sigh pray”).
Courts have traditionally used two doctrines—deviation and cy pres—to allow the modification of restricted gifts. Deviation is applied to make changes in the manner that a gift is managed or administered, while cy pres is applied in situations where a trustee or a charity seeks to modify the donor’s purpose. Cy pres, as commonly understood, means “as near as possible” (a rough translation of the ancient Norman phrase, cy pres comme possible), and it provides for the courts to modify the express terms of a charitable trust by making modifications that come as close as possible to the donor’s original intent.
One of the most frequently cited examples of cy pres involves the bequest of the wealthy abolitionist Francis Jackson. When Jackson died in 1861, he left considerable monies in trust to fund “books, newspapers . . . speeches, lectures, and such other means as . . . will create a public sentiment that will put an end to negro slavery in this country.” Four years later, at the end of the Civil War, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution ended slavery, thereby achieving the mission of Jackson’s trust. The family sued to recover the funds, arguing that the purpose of the trust was now obsolete. The Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled against the family in Jackson v. Phillips (1867), invoking cy pres and directing the funds to the “use of necessitous persons of African descent in the city of Boston and its vicinity.”
Another example involves John McKee, who, at the time of his death in 1902 was believed to be the wealthiest African American in the United States. McKee directed that part of his estate be held in trust until the death of his last grandchild, at which point it would be used to build “Colonel John McKee’s College” for “poor colored male orphan children and poor white male orphan children.” McKee left extravagant instructions for the school, down to the height and thickness of the perimeter stone wall and the parade schedule of the music and drum corps. When his last grandchild died in 1954, the trust had assets of about $1 million. While significant, the funds were nowhere near enough to fulfill his instructions. The Pennsylvania courts invoked cy pres, leading to the establishment of “McKee Scholarships,” which continue to fund post-secondary education for fatherless young men from the greater Philadelphia area.
Today, there are three prerequisites for applying the judicial doctrine of cy pres: (1) the gift must be for charity; (2) the donor must have general charitable intent; and (3) the expressed purpose of a gift must be illegal, impractical, or impossible, and the charity must no longer be able to honor a donor’s wishes exactly.
An Unavoidable Decision
If you have decided to dedicate assets to charity, you have to choose a timeframe for your giving. The decision is unavoidable. If you put it off, it will be made for you—and, quite likely, it will be perpetuity. This is not to say that the three principal approaches—spending down, sunsetting, and creating a perpetual entity—are mutually exclusive. But deciding on which of them you plan to pursue, and to what extent you plan to pursue it, should largely be determined by your charitable purpose.
The greatest amount of control that you will have over your charitable giving is during your lifetime. Giving while living, however, gives you the smallest window of opportunity in which to conduct your philanthropy, and may not be the best means of addressing your long-term goals.
Creating a charitable entity that will sunset after your death gives you a bigger window of opportunity in which to give, but somewhat less control over your giving, as your directors will carry out your charitable purpose and retire your giving vehicle after your death.
Finally, a perpetual entity allows you the greatest time horizon for giving, but presents long-term challenges, and therefore requires special attentiveness, to the best way of maintaining your intent.
Carefully thinking through your charitable purpose should be the starting point for determining which of these three means of securing your charitable intent is right for you.
- Alliance Bernstein. Smarter Giving for Private Foundations: A New Approach to Align Spending Policy with Mission. September 2010.
- Atlantic Philanthropies. Turning Passion into Action: Giving While Living. June 2010.
- Beldon Fund. Giving While Living: The Beldon Fund Spend-out Story. March 2009.
- Foundation Center. Perpetuity or Limited Lifespan: How Do Family Foundations Decide? April 2009.
- Ostrower, Francie. Limited Life Foundations: Motivations, Experiences, and Strategies. Urban Institute. Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy. February 2009.
Thelin, John R. and Richard W. Trollinger. Time Is of the Essence: Foundations and the Policies of Limited Life and Endowment Spend-down. Aspen Institute. 2009.
More Donor Intent Resources from The Philanthropy Roundtable
Protecting Donor Intent by Jeffrey J. Cain
- Get an electronic or print version of this practical guidebook.
- The Philanthropy Roundtable website’s special Donor Intent section where you can find our most recent articles and resources related to protecting donor intent.
Donor Intent Resource Library
- This extensive resource library will direct you to the best articles, books, and discussions on the topic of donor intent. | <urn:uuid:2a0ce6cd-27a4-4378-87eb-06516f376553> | 2013-05-23T18:32:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Users can't edit or mark ads as sold
My users cannot edit or mark ads as sold since I upgraded to 2.6.1. I have been searching for any answers to this and can't find anything. Permissions are set correctly for the usergroup but no matter what, I can't get the links to editproduct to show up anywhere. can someone shed some light on this for me? | <urn:uuid:44e4064d-6856-438d-b58a-781061f2128e> | 2013-05-23T19:00:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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New on the IBM developerWorks, there's an article looking at using the Scilab software integrated into PHP to perform some more complicated mathematical processing.
Scripting languages like Ruby, Python, and PHP power modern-day server-side Web development. These languages are great because you can easily and rapidly build Web sites. However, their downfall is their inefficiency with complicated algorithms, such as those found in mathematics and the sciences. [...] In this article, we'll investigate one particular way to merge the power of a particular bit of scientific software - Scilab - with the ease of development and Web-friendliness of a server-side language: PHP.
Your script uses the Scilab tool from the command line, called via something like exec, and parsing the output to spit the results back out to the viewer. They show how to create two pages with form elements for allowing the user to interact with the script and one that helps you generate a graph based on some results. | <urn:uuid:134f1f86-6c7d-48c9-abb1-a1be577339f4> | 2013-05-23T18:52:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Gamma ray bursts
are believed to be the most energetic phenomena in the universe.
In one second they can emit more than 100 times the energy that
the sun does throughout its entire 10 billion year life. This energy
output is short lived, however, and within days the burst has faded
forever beyond the reach of our telescopes.
3000 bursts having been detected through their gamma ray emission,
only 30 have been seen with ground-based telescopes, and only one
of these has been observed within an hour.
In an ambitious
project to detect the gamma ray bursts in the crucial first minute
of their occurence, the School of Physics has entered a collaboration
with the University of Michigan, Los Alamos National Laboratories,
and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, to place a robotic telescope,
ROTSE-III, at Siding Spring Observatory.
triggered into action by a signal relayed through the Internet from
an earth-orbiting satellite. The specially designed mounting for
ROTSE-III allows it to point to any position in the sky and take
an image within 5-10 seconds. The images are then automatically
analysed for any new or rapidly varying sources, and this information
is made available to other observatories throughout the world within
minutes. The precise positions provided by ROTSE-III are essential
to allow the worlds largest telescopes to observe the gamma
for the new telescope occurred in March 2001. The enclosure and
weather station were installed in April 2001, with the telescope
itself to be delivered in mid-2002. | <urn:uuid:41af5c95-84cb-4b31-990a-6fbb28055062> | 2013-05-23T18:52:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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During this tutorial you will be asked to perform calculations involving trigonometric functiions. You will need a calulator to proceed.
| The purpose of this tutorial
is to review with you the elementary properties of the trigonometric functions.
Facility with this subject is essential to success in all branches of science,
and you are strongly urged to review and practice the concepts presented
here until they are mastered. Let us consider the right-angle triangle
shown in Panel 1. The angle at C is a right angle and the angle
A we will call θ. The lengths of the
sides of the triangle we will denote as p, q and r. From your elementary
geometry, you know several things about this triangle. For example, you
know the Pythagorean relation,
q² = p² + r². That is, the square of the length of the side opposite the right angle, which we call the hypotenuse, is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides.
We know other things. For example, we know that if the lengths of the three sides of any triangle p, q and r are specified, then the whole triangle is determined, angles included. If you think about this for a moment, you will see it is correct. If I give you three sticks of fixed length and told you to lay them down in a triangle, there's only one triangle which you could make. What we would like to have is a way of relating the angles in the triangle, say θ, to the lengths of the sides.
It turns out that there's no simple analytic way to do this. Even though the triangle is specified by the lengths of the three sides, there is not a simple formula that will allow you to calculate the angle θ. We must specify it in some new way.
|To do this, we define three ratios of the sides of the triangle.
One ratio we call the sine of theta, written sin(θ), and it is defined as the ratio of the side opposite θ to the hypotenuse, that is r/q.
The cosine of θ, written cos(θ), is the side adjacent to θ over the hypotenuse, that is, p/q.
This is really enough, but because it simplifies our mathematics later on, we define the tangent of θ, written tan(θ), as the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent sides, that is r/p. This is not an independent definition since you can readily see that the tangent of θ is equal to the sine of θ divided by the cosine of θ. Verify for yourself that this is correct.
All scientific calculators provide this information. The first thing to ensure is that your calculator is set to the anglular measure that you want. Angles are usually measured in either degrees or radians (see tutorial on DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS). The angle 2º is a much different angle than 2 radians since 180º = π radians = 3.1416... radians. Make sure that your calculator is set to degrees.
Now suppose that we want the sine of 24º. Simply press 24 followed by the [sin] key and the display should show the value 0.4067. Therefore, the sine of 24º is 0.4067. That is, in a triangle like panel 1 where θ = 24º, the ratio of the sides r to q is 0.4067. Next set your calculator to radians and find the sine of 0.42 radians. To do this enter 0.42 followed by the [sin] key. You should obtain a value of 0.4078. This is nearly the same value as you obtained for the sine of 24º. Using the relation above you should confirm that 24º is close to 0.42 radians
Obviously, using your calculator to find values of sines is very simple. Now find sine of 42º 24 minutes. The sine of 42º 24 minutes is 0.6743. Did you get this result? If not, remember that 24 minutes corresponds to 24/60 or 0.4º. The total angle is then 42.4º
| The determination of
cosines and tangents on your calculator is similar. It is now possible
for us to solve the simple problem concerning triangles. For example, in
Panel 2, the length of the hypotenuse is 3 cm and the angle θ
is 24º. What is the length of the opposite side r? The sine of 24º
as we saw is 0.4067 and it is also, by definition, r/3.
So, sine of 24º = .4067 = r/3, and therefore, r = 3 x 0.4067 = 1.22 cm.
|Conversely, suppose you knew that the opposite side was
2 cm long and the hypotenuse was 3 cm long, as in panel 3, what is the
angle θ? First determine the sine of θ
You should find that the sine of θ is 2/3, which equals 0.6667. Now we need determine what angle has 0.6667 as its sine.
If you want your answer to be in degrees, be sure that your calculator is set to degrees. Then enter 0.6667 followed by the [INV] key and then the [sin] key. You should obtain a value of 41.8º. If your calculator doesn't have a [INV] key, it probably has a [2ndF] key and the inverse sine can be found using it.
|One use of these trigonometric functions which is very important is the calculation of components of vectors. In panel 4 is shown a vector OA in an xy reference frame. We would like to find the y component of this vector. That is, the projection OB of the vector on the y axis. Obviously, OB = CA and CA/OA = sin(θ), so CA = OA sin(θ). Similarly, the x-component of OA is OC. And OC/OA = cos(θ) so OC = OA cos(θ).|
|There are many relations among the trigonometric functions
which are important, but one in particular you will find used quite often.
Panel 1 has been repeated as Panel 5 for you. Let us look at the sum cos²
+ sin². From the figure, this is (p/q)² + (r/q)², which
[(p² + r²) / (q²)]. The Pythagorean theorem tells us that p² + r² = q² so we have
[(p² + r²) / q²] = (q²/q²) = 1. Therefore, we have;
Our discussion so far has been limited to angles between 0 and 90º. One can, using the calculator, find the the sine of larger angles (eg 140º ) or negative angles (eg -32º ) directly. Sometimes, however, it is useful to find the corresponding angle betweeen 0 and 90º. Panel 6 will help us here.
|In this xy reference frame, the angle θ
is clearly between 90º and 180 º, and clearly, the angle a,
which is 180 - θ
( a is marked with a double arc) can be dealt with. In this case, we say that the magnitude of sine, cosine, and tangent of θ are those of the supplement a and we only have to examine whether or not they are positive or negative.
For example, what is the sine, cosine and tangent of 140º? The supplement is 180º - 140º = 40º. Find the sine, the cosine and the tangent of 40º. | <urn:uuid:00f865ac-a066-4877-8d69-479bd1350ad2> | 2013-05-23T19:00:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|May20-06, 05:24 PM||#1|
Stuck on couple related rates problems..
1. A ship with a long anchor chain is anchored in 11 fathoms of water. The anchor chain is being wound in at a rate of 10 fathoms/minute, causing the ship to move toward the spot directly above the anchor resting on the seabed. The hawsehole ( the point of contact between ship and chain) is located 1 fathom above the water line. At what speed is the ship moving when there are exatly 13 fathoms of chain still out?
For this problem I started with this drawing.. http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v4...n/untitled.jpg
And then from there, I had no idea where to go... there hawsehole being 1 fathom above the water really gets to me, perhaps making the above drawing void. Another thing I don't understand is that it says it's anchored in 11 fathoms of water.. how could the question be asking what speed the boat would be moving if it were at 13 fathoms?
2. A ladder 41 feet long was leaning against a vertical wall and begins to slip. Its top slides down the wall whilte its bottom moves along the level ground at a constant speed of 4ft/sec. How fast is the top of the ladder moving when it is 9 feet above the ground?
For this one.. I didn't even know what to do.. of course I drew a triangle, hypotenuse of 41 and the vertical side of 9 feet.. and then.......?
Mainly, I think problems such as these are really easy, but I have a really hard time picturing the problem or drawing it out. I don't know which numbers apply to dx/dt and dy/dt..
|May20-06, 05:48 PM||#2|
And tehy are asking what is the speed when there is 13 fathoms of *chain* still out, which is the length of the hypothenuse on your triangle. Of course this length will be larger or equal to 12 fathoms (it will be equal to 12 fathom when the boat will be right above the anchor)
If we call "L" the length of the hypothenuse, then what you want is to write dx/dt in terms of dL/dt (which is the number they give you). All you have to do is to write an expression relating x and L (and other known values), isolate x in terms of those constants and L, and differentiate both dised with respect to t. You will get dx/dt = expression in terms of constant, L and dL/dt.
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Edwin M. Stanton (1814-1869)
Edwin McMasters Stanton was appointed U.S. attorney general by President James Buchanan, then became secretary of war under Abraham Lincoln, continuing in that post under Andrew Johnson. Outspoken and abrasive, he alienated Johnson by taking sides against him on the issue of Reconstruction and was suspended by the President, but was reinstated by the Senate. When Johnson's impeachment failed, Stanton resigned. He was nominated to the Supreme Court by President Ulysses S. Grant, but died four days after his confirmation.
- 1864 circa 5 years
- Original Format:
- Photographic Print
- Mathew Brady
- download hi-res watermarked image
All Licensed images are available for download as jpeg files at 300 dpi of original size.
If your project requires an image at higher resolution, please contact us (be sure to include item number). Custom requests may require an additional charge. | <urn:uuid:46ab44df-4782-42bc-9b58-edb028397ea5> | 2013-05-23T18:58:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hops is native to a great part of the northern half of the world, customarily located in northern European, west central Asian, and North American regions. The earliest reported case of growing hops was in central Europe in 736, with the ensuing centuries seeing hops grown extensively in Bavarian, Bohemian and Slovenian regions, and later in England. Hops was first cultivated in North America in 1629; cultivation began in Japan, China and Korea in the 1860s. Hops is produced in many different regions these days, but roughly three quarters of all hops originates from Germany, North America, and China.
Traits and properties:
The most widely recognized use of hops is to flavor beer, leading to its significance globally as a commercial agriculture product. While hops is a comparatively minimal component of beer, quantity-wise, it is a significant one since it imparts the unique bitter taste of beer, a property possessed uniquely by hops. Initially, hops was utilized in making beer since it not only imparts taste, but acts to naturally preserve beer, keeping it from turning sour and increasing its shelf life dramatically. This permitted beer to be shipped a long way, instead of having to be used near the brewery, allowing brewers to greatly expand operations.
The earliest reported use of hops for medicinal purposes was by ancient Egyptians and Babylonians who were convinced it safeguarded against leprosy and plague. European medicinal use of hops goes as far back as its ninth century use to treat 'melancholy', acquiring the name vermifuge and effective for eradicating parasites. When the twelth century rolled in hops were recognized as an aperitif, a depurative, and a laxative and was applauded for its properties of sedating and relaxing. Later this was used as a treatment for people with liver problems and any general digestive complaints. On the North American continent, hops was widely utilized in native remedies, especially among Cherokee people who used it to treat rheumatism, swelling, pain, breast and female reproductive organ issues, kidney stones, and so on. In traditional Chinese medicine, hops is used for all sorts of different ailments like sleeplessness, restlessness, and for bad cramps; it is also used to treat lack of appetite. Chinese lab research has documented effective results with hops for treating conditions of TB, leprosy, bacillary dysentery, silicosis as well as asbestosis. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India suggests the use of hops for anxiousness related to nervous stress, headache, and poor digestion, reporting it works primarily for sedation, hypnosis, and fighting bacteria.
Nowadays, hops is used most often for its relaxing effect on nerves, and its properties of sedation to improve sleep habits. Positive effects on the female endocrine system have been noted, specifically in Europe, from hops. There is a high content of flavonoids, which is a form of phytoestrogens, and this has become a very common ingredient for natural breast enhancements. Clinical studies have shown that consumption of hops alone promotes breast development. In fact, beer which has a high hop content, has even been touted by some doctors as being a breast enhancer if consumed in large quantities. Yet other contemporary uses for hops are to treat IBS and premature ejaculation, along with its characteristics as a diuretic to help those retaining water or suffering excessive uric acid. Hops tea is apparently a wonderful remedy for delirium tremens, and you can add honey to it to ease the symptoms of bronchitis.
In order to reduce the pain due to the inflammation of abscesses, boils, swellings, and neuralgic and rheumatic complaints including easing skin infections, eczema, herpes, and ulcers, Hops tea is used as an external application in the form of a poultice. Dried hops has long been sewn into pillows to combat insomnia and nightmares. Hops is used in shampoos to treat dandruff and oiliness due to its anti-septic and sebhorrheic traits, and has lately been considered beneficial for growing and conditioning hair and scalp, leading to its use in a lot of hair growth items. Hops is actually good for the skin in general as it stimulates the cutaneous metabolism, so you'll often find it listed as an ingredient in toiletries and cosmetics.
Natural Breast Enhancement Without Surgery | <urn:uuid:02741903-2e99-4b5e-a674-21963d7137ec> | 2013-05-23T18:52:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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cream cheese filled snickerdoodles
1 1/2 cups sugar
1 cup room temp butter
1 tsp vanilla
2 3/4 cups all purpose flour
2 tsp cream of tartar
1 tsp baking soda
1/4 tsp salt
1/4 cup sugar
2 tsp cinnamon
8 oz cream cheese, softened
1/4 cup sugar
2 tsp vanilla
Make the cream cheese filling by mixing the cream cheese, 1/4 cup sugar and 2 tsp vanilla. I used my hand mixer for this.
Cover the cream cheese mixture and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes.
Preheat oven to 400°
Cream butter and 1 1/2 cup sugar until fluffy.
Add eggs and 1 tsp vanilla. Mix until combined.
On low speed mix in your flour, cream of tartar, baking soda and salt. Set dough to the side.
In a small bowl combine remaining 1/4 cup sugar and 2 tsp cinnamon, set that aside as well.
Remove the cream cheese mixture from the refrigerator.
For each cookie you will need 2 flattened balls of dough, 1 Tbsp each. (The flattened disk will be approx 2″ in diameter)
Place 1 tsp of the cream cheese mixture on top of one of the flattened dough disks. Then place the other flattened dough on top of the cream cheese. Pinch the edges together to seal.
Carefully form into a ball and roll in the cinnamon sugar mixture. Place on a plate as you finish making each and refrigerate. Before baking the cookies they should chill for 15 minutes.
When the dough is chilled bake on a parchment lined baking sheet 2″ apart for 8 minutes.
Transfer to wire rack to cool. | <urn:uuid:dc36a1c2-c855-4581-95b6-968fa3bbcd32> | 2013-05-23T18:59:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Email : email@example.com
Pinguicula can be found in north, central and south America, in Greenland, in most parts of Europe, at the very north-western tip of Africa and in some scattered areas in Asia. They are not present in many parts of Asia, the middle east, most parts of Africa and southern Asia including Oceania.
The two main centres of diversity are found in central America/Caribbean and in Europe. North and east Siberia as well as far north east Asia are home to a small group of species which are either endemic (P. algida, P. ramose and P. variegata) or widespread (P. villosa, P. alpina, P. macroceras and P. vulgaris). The Himalaya in southern Asia is also hosting P. alpina. Large stretches of land in Canada and the north eastern and western coats of the USA are colonised by 3 species that can also be found in Europe or Asia (P. vulgaris, P. villosa and P. macroceras). The south eastern tip of the USA is also host to a group of related and endemic species. A few additional and endemic species are scattered on the slopes of the Andes mountains of south America from Columbia to Terra del Fuego in Argentina.
Even though Pinguicula can be found on many continents, most species have very restricted distribution ranges and can actually exist as just a few isolated colonies. On the same way, plant density may be high on a limited surface of land but individual colonies may be separated by large distances. Few species make exception to this rule. P. vulgaris has the largest distribution range, covering most of northern America, Greenland, Iceland, many parts of Europe and north western Russia. A closely related species, P. macroceras, covers the coats of north eastern Asia and north western America. P. villosa can be found on most of the arctic circle (except in western Canada). Finally P. alpina can be found in several parts of Europe, the Himalaya, north western Russia and northern Siberia. Species with mid-size distribution ranges include P. lusitanica and P. grandiflora in western Europe.
Most Pinguicula species originate from cold to very cold habitats at high latitudes or altitudes. Only the south eastern USA and Caribbean species live under warm climatic conditions. P. lusitanica on the western coast of Europe, P. crystallina on the northern part of the Mediterranean ocean and some Mexican species will be intermediate in their temperature requirements since they will need non-freezing winters and will appreciate warmer conditions during the summer. The only climatic conditions that are common to all Pinguicula are a very humid air, air temperatures that do not change too fast and a very wet soil during their growing season (often with flowing rather than standing water).
Most Pinguicula will be found growing in calcareous and rocky soils. However, some species are found in acidic bogs (P. lusitanica, P. corsica), some in sphagnum moss (P. villosa) and some on tree branches (P. casabitoana, P. lignicola).
Previously published groupings of Pinguicula species distinguished species on their ability to form an hibernaculum in the winter (temperate versus tropical types). The species of each type were subsequently divided into two subgroups on their ability to produce different leaves early in the spring and in the summer (homophyllous versus heterophyllous). Recent genetic studies do not totally support such views. Nevertheless, such clustering of species translates well into individual growing requirements.
The rosette of temperate species (homophyllous and heterophyllous) reduces to a tight bud made of scale-like non-carnivorous leaves in the winter. Such buds bear no roots with the exception of P. alpina (Asian species still need to be examined for this criterion). They should all be kept near or below freezing temperatures as long as they are formed. They indeed need to stay cold for a certain time before being able to sprout in response to higher temperatures. They are also sensitive to rotting if in contact with a non-frozen damp organic substrate.
Tropical species can either form carnivorous leaves all year long (homophyllous group) or develop a more or less compact winter bud made of succulent, non-carnivorous leaves (heterophyllous group).
Most tropical homophyllous species experience cold, even near, or periodically below freezing, temperatures in the winter. However, such cold periods do not last long and are quickly replaced by warmer conditions. Rosette sizes rarely diminish during such times. Growth may simply cease to resume as soon as temperatures warm up. Plants keep their roots all through the winter season and need to be kept wet all year long. Prolonged near-freezing conditions never result in healthy individuals.
Tropical heterophyllous species only form carnivorous leaves in the warm seasons. In the winter, they form more or less tight hibernacula made of succulent leaves. Winter hibernacula contain few or no root. They are very sensitive to rotting and should be kept dry until they resume growth. They should also be kept cold (below 10°C) and can stand below freezing temperatures is their substrate is totally dry.
Carnivorous Pinguicula leaves exhibit many tiny glands on their surface to glue, digest and eat insects and plant debris that are small enough not to escape. After catching a prey, the leaf rolls slowly around its catch to form a bowl below it or increase contact.
Pinguicula leaves harbour 2 types of glands: pedunculate glands that bear a drop of mucilaginous secretion (these are the tiny ones we see on the surface of the leaves and that generate rainbows when the sun shines on them), and sessile glands that lay flush on the leaf surface. The peduncles are made of only one cell and are therefore very small. The sessile glands do not generate large enough bodies of liquids to be seen by the human eye. For most species, the glands are only present on the upper surface of the leaves. But, in a few examples, they can be found on both sides of the leaves (P. gigantea, P. longifolia subsp longifolia). In that later case, the leaves are permanently erect or hanging in the air to prevent contact of the carnivorous underside of the leaves with the substrate. The density of glands on a leaf surface is purely related to the species and not to the state of feeding of the plant.
The pedunculate glands are involved in mucilage production (to glue preys). They secrete few digestives enzymes that are mostly produced by the non-mucilaginous sessile glands. Upon prey capture, the movement of the prey will trigger a large secretion of fluid from the pedunculate gland. This water comes from a reservoir cell located below the peduncle. As the reservoir empties itself, the gland sinks in the epidermis, therefore creating the curling effect. Together, bowl-formation and the mucilage will prevent the digested matter from escaping before being taken up. The small enzymatic activity of the early secretion will initiate prey digestion. The first nitrogenous compounds leaking from the digested prey will trigger a large enzyme production by the sessile gland. This secretory system is a ‘one-off’ system that will fire itself completely in one go and will not function again a second time if a second prey were to fall on the same spot.
Secretion and absorption through the glands is made possible thanks to the presence of holes (called cuticular gaps) in the cuticle (protective wax cover of the leaf) on top of the glands. These holes are like wounds through which the plant ‘bleeds’ (hence the droplets we see) permanently, placing its interior in direct contact with the outside world. Such cuticular holes are very rare for plants since they lead to dehydration and represent entry gates for infectious organisms. Luckily for Pinguicula, the digestive secretions prevent infectious organisms from developing. However, dehydration is a problem for Pinguicula which dehydrate faster than normal plants and will only perform best in very humid environments when they express carnivorous leaves. This phenomenon is worsened by the weak root system of Pinguicula which cannot pump much water quickly. In their non-carnivorous state (winter bud of most species), drier conditions can be supported. The lack of roots of winter resting plants will still require a fairly humid air.
Laws of physics reveal that water vapour pressure at a given relative humidity value (RH) increases exponentially as the temperature is raised. Lower exponential curves are obtained for lower relative humidity values so that the curves are very close to each other at low temperatures and far from each other at high temperatures.
Fig 3 : Psychrometric charts
The above laws of physics also reveal that the sudden lowering of air temperature will lead to leaf dehydration even of the air is saturated in humidity. In this scenario, the plant is warmer than its environment. This will create a water vapour pressure deficit between the plant and its environment because water vapour pressures change with temperature. This dehydration effect will be more pronounced if the outside air is dry, if the original temperature is high or if the drop in temperature is severe. This may explain why Pinguicula in their native habitat and in cultivation do best in an environment where temperature does not fluctuate too fast or too much during the day. The curling of leaves or hiding behind grasses are things Pinguicula naturally do and that will lead to a buffering of external changes. | <urn:uuid:e180ebc2-3ee0-4c9b-8eaf-5496d3fb5005> | 2013-05-23T18:43:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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He's still trying to unwind the mistakes that he made after Hammond initially left. He's on his 3rd coach. Has Joe traded a single player since Hammond left? The only good thing that he has done was to draft the guys who fell to us in the 1st rounds. Even though they were no-brainers, he still made the right calls. | <urn:uuid:9adaf0e3-207b-4c22-91a7-b8b8b8891118> | 2013-05-23T18:38:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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heh, Al was doing the SAME thing. it was freaking my girlfriend out. he'd throw up during the night, and then in the morning a couple times.. he did this for several days straight.
I figured he probably was either eating too much and throwing up, or his stomach was too empty and he was throwing up stomach fluids. So, what i did was instead of feeding him two normal sized meals during the day, i switched to feeding him a half meal in the morning, a normal meal after i get home from work, and a half meal in the evening before bed (just enough to help push that last BM of the day).
That seems to have fixed it. | <urn:uuid:7020f183-4142-4f35-aa3a-603c6b1f976d> | 2013-05-23T18:31:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Malli wrote:thanks guys
Buttercup, I think, Jody?
iluvk9 wrote:WOW! It's so nice that you have a REAL CAMERA!!!!!
I love the tree and how you put it all together! The photo of Oscar and the fire hydrant is really cute, too.
pitbullmamaliz wrote:Beautiful pictures! I love how Oscar looks SO amused whenever you posed him.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users | <urn:uuid:4c667a1f-2701-4018-8b56-5198e44e35a2> | 2013-05-23T19:06:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Epiphany can be defined as the sudden realization of the essence or meaning of something, as well as the understanding of the truth of certain situations or one’s life as a whole. In Death in Venice, Gustav von Auschenbach’s recognition of his love for and obsession with Tadzio is a kind of epiphany that, while not exactly beneficial or positive marks a point in which the character experience complete clarity and begins to express honesty about his previously rejected desires.
Gustav von Auschenbach, having led a life of dedication to his craft, prides himself on disciplined perfectionism and dignity. His life up to the point at which the novel takes place has been largely uneventful. Many ominous occurrences help to illustrate Gustav’s state of mind at the story’s opening. His exchange with a strange gondola rower who turns out to be a criminal, as well as his sighting of a disturbing old man dressed to look youthful are both v
aguely perilous encounters which serve to establish Gustav’s uneasiness. Upon discovering Tadzio, Gustav slowly allows his principles and dignity to erode as his obsession expands. Tadzio seems to tap into the lifelong desires that Gustav has repressed in the interest of being fully committed to his work. The end result of this obsession, however, is the writer’s death.
While not necessarily in the dark before this epiphany, von Auschenbach was certainly very repressed. After feeling a vague need for a vacation, he travels to Venice completely unaware of what waits for him. The obsession is something that, given his principles, is extremely hard to verbalize. However, when he finally declares, “I love you,” it is clear that he has accepted the truth about his feelings and desires. Though neither overtly religious or spiritual, von Auschenbach’s epiphany marks a change in his profound change in his state of mind and worldview and could therefore be seen as spiritual. This epiphany was solely brought on by the travel experience, before which von Auschenbach had lived a stable and principled life. His deeply ingrained longings were awakened through his trip to Venice and his sighting of Tadzio. While von Auschenbach’s Venetian experience led him to a greater freedom and honesty, which is not to be ignored, his travels ultimately resulted in his mental torture and death.
Epiphany is not always positive, as indicated by Death in Venice. Discovery, especially self-discovery, can be quite painful and sometimes thoroughly detrimental. Gustav von Auschenbach, having lived a monotonous and increasingly stagnant life was unable to process the hard truths of his dangerous desires, considering them foreign, unpleasant, and sinful; his inability to ever speak or reach out to Tadzio being proof of this. While it was certainly a moment of complete honesty, von Auschenbach’s revelation and declaration of his love led him to further introversion. The downward spiral that began with the first time he laid eyes on the young boy grew from a preoccupation to a complete obsession leaving him unable to focus on anything else and changing his worldview and philosophy to suit his festering desires. This epiphany of his uncontrollable lust led to his bizarre death but allowed him to gain a deeper knowledge of himself.
In the biography of Naguib Mahfouz it is mentioned that the 1919 revolution in Egypt greatly affected the author. While Mahfouz wrote a novel more directly related to the revolution (Palace Walk) elements of revolution can be seen in The Journey of Ibn Fattouma. Ibn Fattouma sets out on his journey to find Gebel, a promise land of sorts. He makes his way through different societies along the way, and encounters many different lifestyles. He flees his home city because of the corruption that exists there, but as he travels through the different lands, he finds that problems exist in all societies.
The idea of revolution can easily be seen in the first place Fattouma settles, Mashriq. The whole society is based on a free love, free thought foundation, a stark contrast to more rigid societies. Even though this culture is open and free spirited, it is not without rules and regulations, and Fattouma rebels against these guidelines by trying to raise his family in the ways of Islam. The other lands reflect revolution through their insistence on upholding freedoms and security, and in the final land that he enters, the importance of self awareness. The majority of Ibn Fattouma’s resistance is passive, relating directly to the Egyptian revolution, which was a non-violent effort to stop the British occupation of the country.
The interesting aspect of the story lies in the final pages when Ibn Fattouma finally catches a glimpse of the land of Gebel and the book’s ending before we learn about the secrets the place may hold. Gebel is Ibn Fattouma’s chance to create a better existence for the people in his homeland. He travels for years in order to find this elusive land, and we never find out if he finds what he’s looking for. People travel to see new places and things and gain new experiences that will help them change their view of the palce they call home. Fattouma travels for exactly this reason, to find something in a distant land that will change the place he came from. As readers we don’t see the final leg of his journey because this secret that he seeks is unattainable. There is no one secret to perfection in life, and we do not see Gebel because Ibn Fattouma has already learned what he needs to know to make his homeland a better place. Through his travels he has learned to accept other cultures and is able to embrace their strengths and weaknesses. It is the skill, not the instant life perfection supposedly housed in Gebel, that will potentially help him make his home a better place.
I really like Ian McEwan’s novels. Before reading The Comfort of Strangers I had read Atonement, and found both to be interesting and engaging. McEwan’s stories are often dark and sinister, turning everyday moments into tragic events. There is something about the way he describes chaos and violence that is almost poetic, however disturbing the situation might be. As I began reading The Comfort of Strangers, I was instantly drawn in by McEwan’s style, but I was waiting to stumble across the story-altering twist, the piece of information that would drastically change the meaning of everything before it. With twelve pages left in the book, the twist came on page 115 when Caroline shows Mary the wall of pictures of Colin.
I’m not usually the type of person to yell at the characters in horror movies or books, I don’t usually tell them to leave the dark, scary basement, but McEwan made me care about Colin and Mary, and as Mary saw the pictures on the wall, I wanted her to run as fast as she could away from the crazy woman next to her. Even though I had expected things to go badly for Colin and Mary, when everything went downhill I wasn’t expecting how horribly wrong it would become. I was expecting some sort of confrontation between Robert, Caroline and Colin, but I was not expecting it to end in death, or at least not death in such a gruesome manner. Colin’s murder removes any of the romanticism that sometimes accompanies death in fiction; there are no dramatic final words, no tearful goodbyes. Because the story shifts to Mary’s perspective, we drift in and out of consciousness with her and miss Colin’s final breath, making his death even more sinister.
I think McEwan’s main accomplishment in The Comfort of Strangers is the message he presents regarding the dangers of travel. His characters go off to Italy to rediscover the strength in their relationship, and instead find themselves facing down death. It is this idea, that any traveler at any time in any place could easily fall victim to a dark and sinister death at the hands of someone more familiar with their surroundings that adds a truly chilling overtone to the entire story. Anyone could take a wrong turn and end up in a dark alley with an unsavory character, but that’s not exactly highlighted in any of the travel brochures that promise fun times and beautiful scenery. Colin and Mary wanted an authentic experience so much that they were unable to see the danger their new authentic acquaintances represented.
I took a trip to England once. I had always wanted to travel there, and I had finally gotten my chance with a trip through school. I was very excited, ready to see all the sights and hear all the British accents. Without actually visiting, I had decided that England was my favorite country, though I couldn’t tell you why. Perhaps it was something about the way the rolling hills looked in pictures of the English countryside, although it could just as easily been the funny hats the Queen’s guards wear, I was always intrigued by the little things. In any case I had never been so excited for a trip in my life.
After a plane ride that seemed to take forever we landed at Heathrow airport in London. We stumbled out of the terminal and onto our little bus, perfect for our group of ten people. I’m not sure how long it took, be we ended up in the tiny town of Frome. Our hotel was small, but the sliding door in my room opened onto the lawn overlooking a perfect set of rolling English hills.
We spent the next ten days taking day trips on our bikes to all sorts of beautiful and exciting places like Stonehenge and the historic bathhouses in Bath. We saw caves and monuments and lots of rolling hills. I actually spent some time getting very lost on one of those hills, surrounded by tall grass and sheep. All these experiences were enjoyable and interesting, but they weren’t as life altering as I had wanted them to be.
About halfway through the trip we spent a day off schedule. This was the first day that we didn’t have every moment planned out, and it turned out to be the most interesting. Our bike trip for the day took us to a beach. It was July, but the air was cool and the water was cooler and the beach was deserted. Instead of sand the entire beach was made up of smooth, beautiful rocks and pebbles. We spent about two hours just having fun, running around over the shining rocks, trying to skip stones and some of us even dared to brave the chilling water.
It was on that rocky beach that I began to feel like this trip was going to be something unbelievably important in my life. There was something about sitting on the smooth rocks, staring out to the horizon that spoke to me better than a guided tour of Stonehenge ever could. I can’t say exactly why that moment was so important to me, but It was the moment my trip really began. I sat on that beach and stared out at the ocean, thinking that if only I could see far enough, I could see America, I could see the east coast that I called home. To be fair if I had seen any big mass of land it most likely would have been Ireland, but the idea of seeing my home from a completely different angle was fascinating to me. We left the beach, but I took a part of it with me, using the feeling of looking at things in different ways to enhance the rest of my trip. I’ll never forget the feel of those wet rocks beneath my bare feet, and I’ll never forget how my trip to England forever changed the way I travel.
While many of the novels we read had elements of epiphany, there were a few that stood out the most. I think that the epiphany in Sputnik Sweetheart is perhaps the most unique epiphany that we read about. When Sumire realizes that in order to be happy with Miu, she has to seek out a part of Miu that no longer exists in their current reality. In many ways this relates directly to why most people travel in the first place. In many cases, travel is a tool for discovering another part of or way of life that is not evident in one’s everyday life. People travel to escape the banality of the day-to-day, and they go searching for something more. In Comfort of Strangers for example, Colin and Mary go to Italy to search for a new strength that will help them improve their relationship. They too, embark into an alternate type of reality, a reality parallel to their own that is only accessible to them because they are traveling.
The realization that Sumire comes to is life altering, not only for Sumire, but for Miu and the narrator as well. By seeking out something completely different and leaving behind everything she knows, Sumire leaves the people she cares about in the dark. They are greatly affected by her departure and go to great lengths trying to find her. The question is, was Sumire’s epiphany a good thing or a bad thing? Because we don’t follow Sumire on her journey, we aren’t really aware if she found what she was looking for, but we do see the damage her disappearance does in the lives of Miu and especially the narrator.
In The Comfort of Strangers, Colin and Mary experienced a moment that seems to help them realize a goal of their trip. Much of this class has been based around the idea of finding the authentic experience through travel. While in the bar with Robert, Colin and Mary “began to experience the pleasure, unique to tourists, of finding themselves in a place without tourists, of making a discovery, finding somewhere real…they in turn asked the serious, intent questions of tourists gratified to be talking at last to an authentic citizen.” (McEwan, 29) They manage to find a small sliver of authenticity amid the normal tourist culture, and while this is important in the story, what comes of this discovery is perhaps more pertinent. Later in the story, the couple realizes that their authentic encounter with Robert has actually caused a great detriment to their ability to completely enjoy their trip. They spent so much time searching for something authentic that once they found it failed to notice how dangerous it could be. The epiphany here lies in the idea that while authentic experiences are welcome, it is important to realize that the safety and familiarity of tourist experiences are indispensably valuable.
I don’t believe in God. Not the God of my Catholic school classmates, the one who didn’t exist when they were out partying on Saturday nights, drinking and sleeping around, but who loved them on Sunday mornings and forgave them for their sins, even if they were still hung over. This God hasn’t appealed to me since I was twelve, when I decided I didn’t want to be confirmed in my parents’ church. I guess I believed in God before that, but I can’t remember. I know I liked going to church on Sundays and baking the bread for Communion in my Sunday School class. I have never been to Europe and been inside the Duomo in Florence, or the Siena Cathedral or walked around the Cathedral Complex at Pisa, but I do study art history, so I know what they look like. They are impressive, especially when you think about how they were built. They didn’t have modern technology. These immense buildings, all the more impressive as they move towards High Gothic, towards the sky, were built by hand. Many workers, stonemasons and artists and sculptors, put their entire life into a building that wasn’t completed in their lifetime. The first time I walked into the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in Morningside Heights, near Columbia, I got goosebumps. It is HUGE (it is, after all, the largest cathedral in the world, and the third largest church). Like, jaw-dropping huge. Bobst is overwhelming in its own way, but Bobst is not a House of God. This building was constructed (with a lot of problems along the way, not unlike many of the thirteenth and fourteenth century churches) as a monument to this Lord. It was designed by an architectural firm, and its design has changed many times, and it is still unfinished. But despite all of this, it is still a House of God. I remember standing in the nave the first time I went there and being overwhelmed. I have already said I don’t believe in God. And I still stand by that statement, but for that moment, I felt like there had to be something to this: people have devoted their entire lives to this building, and hundreds and thousands of people have devoted their entire lives to churches and cathedrals across Europe. Are they doing their lives’ work for something or someone that doesn’t exist? It made me hope that there was something to it: that there really is a God, even a Christian one. It seems like too many people have devoted too much time to something for it not to exist.
On the Road is one of, if not the most important book of the Beat Generation. It defines an era, an attitude, a way of life. And it is utterly annoying and frustrating. I read On the Road and Dharma Bums in high school, and I enjoyed them both, but rereading this novel was torturous. I haven’t had any experiences like some of the people in our class, although I have felt out of place in my life, but I found nothing to identify myself with Sal and his friends. They were selfish, whiney alcoholics and drug addicts, looking for something to waste time on. I think many of them may have been genuine, but this fact didn’t redeem their aimless lives. I don’t think Jack Kerouac’s value as an American novelist can be debated, because he surely embodied the aimless feeling of this generation, but I think in many ways he is seen as a role model, and many teenagers and young adults have the desire to embody his lifestyle and to go on the road as he did. I think what is missing here is what he discovers at the end. How do his journeys change him, or inspire him to change; what does he learn? I read the book before, and I remembered nothing about it. I think that says something. The novels we love the most we may forget, but when we start to read them again it comes back to us. On the Road stayed a mystery all the way through. I didn’t learn anything from Sal or his friends, except maybe what not to do.
A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary by Xiaolu Guo suggests a kind of epiphany very different from what an epiphany is traditionally thought to be. The Oxford English Dictionary defines epiphany as “a manifestation or appearance of some divine or superhuman being,” and this is typical: a religious experience. But Xiaolu Guo makes the idea of an epiphany a very ordinary, everyday experience, without removing the sacred from it. In the novel Zhuang is living in a foreign country, learning about both the culture she is trying to become a part of and about love. The book is set up as both a dictionary and a journal. Each entry is a new word: it contains the definition, provided by a dictionary, and her experiences of the word. Each new word, and each new entry, is a kind of epiphany. She is not just learning words but she is learning what they mean, and how their meaning affects her life. In learning these new words and their meanings she is learning the difference between her culture at home in China and the Western culture.
One entry is entitled “Future Tense,” and in it she discusses Love, as a Chinese concept and as a Western concept:
‘Love,” this English word: like other English words it has tense. ‘Loved’ or ‘will love’ or ‘have loved.’ All these specific tenses mean Love is a time-limited thing. Not infinite. It only exist in particular period of time. In Chinese, Love is (ai). It has no tense. No past and future. Love in Chinese means a being, a situation, a circumstance. Love is existence, holding past and future.
If our loved existed in Chinese tense, then it will last for ever. It will be infinite.
She explains that Chinese does not have past, present, or future tenses. Everything is in one tense: this makes learning English very difficult because the Chinese speaker must learn that things exist “in a particulr period of time:” she must learn this about love as well, but not in the abstract way in which she learns is school. She is not learning about love from a teacher in a classroom, but from a lover in the world. She must learn as she experiences.
Every new experience she has and every new word she learns is an epiphany. Even though these epiphanies become commonplace, I think they are sacred experiences, if not in a religious sense. Love is a sacred thing, and so is everything else that she learns about. Everything she learns is taken for granted by those who already know it, but for her each word is something completely new, and her joy in learning words is expressed to other people.
Frank took my hand.
“Thank you God…”
I tried to keep my eyes closed, but the urge to examine the table, the people, Brian – who I had looked at many times before, but was somehow different – was overwhelming. The prayer droned on and I closed my eyes again and waited for something terrible to overtake me. The plane ride had been filled with admonitions about what I shouldn’t say and shouldn’t do and shouldn’t be. Without saying anything at all, he had transmitted these fears through the stale, chilled air of the coach cabin.
My hair felt too short against my neck. I couldn’t free my hands to adjust my sweater to hide my androgyny. I was stuck exposed with what I was sure was atheist, feminist whore written on my forehead. An itch began to creep up my arm. I breathed deeply and practiced acceptance. Jesus looked down from above the mantle, chiding me for my feeble attempt at Buddhist practice.
“…and thank you Jesus for bringing Brian and Marisa safely from New York to be with us on this special day. Amen.”
Brian squeezed my hand.
It was the first time he had acknowledged my presence since we’d arrived.
The drive from Milwaukee was the first indication that I would be spending the holiday alone with his family. His mother nervously asked him to drive. The humming silence of the engine and the tires on the road was broken only occasionally by church gossip and exits fast approaching on the left and right. I sat quietly passing judgment about the infrequency of his calls home and the wayward brother he never talked about and the religion he had so wholeheartedly forsaken in exchange for anger and regret.
His childhood home was unassuming. The siding matched the sparse lawn and said nothing of the trauma contained within its boxy four walls. I couldn’t remember why we’d come here. I thought maybe after five years some of the pain would have washed away. Selfishly, I wanted to see where he’d come from. I wanted to tell him that it actually wasn’t so bad. I wanted to erase his memories. F
rank finished eating and got up without a word. The television flickered back on and, beer in hand, he faded away.
I asked Margie about her job and about the renovations in the basement, but the words seemed hollow.
I washed the dishes while they looked up cell phone plans and Black Friday sales on the internet. The kitchen felt cold.
Rather than argue in the house, we went out and cranked up the heat in the car. I wanted to tell him to come back. I wanted him to know how much it hurt to be in the same room with him and feel alone. I wanted to shake him and see the light come back on behind his eyes. But we didn’t speak. We didn’t say a word. The radio clicked on and we sat staring straight ahead listening to the Christmas music they erroneously play before Thanksgiving. I glanced over at him and he was looking back. The tears ran down his face. I took his hand and we waited for the words that could, however inadequately, express the moment.
Several days and at least 3 or 4 drafts later, I'm still struggling to communicate my ideas.
I was quite interested in the "inexpressibility topos". Hence the struggle. I actually picked up a book about Montale by Clodagh Brook that specifically tackles the inexpressibility topos in Montale's work. While much of it was irrelevant, it developed a useful history of the idea (Dante through the Modernists), which I found quite illuminating.
There is certainly more than one connection to be made with Sputnik Sweetheart, but a few stood out:
(1) Brook highlights the significance of WWI for the Modernists - “One of the primary theories to emerge is that a world which had undergone such radical transformations in those years needed a concomitant upheaval in its means of expression” (Brook 6). I wonder if the same might be said of the impact of the Tokyo gas attacks on Murakami. On reading Underground, I found a number of places in which he questions his own capacity to represent the realities of the individuals he interviewed. He was especially struck by an interview with Ms. "Shizuko Akashi", who, as a result of the sarin attack, lost both her memory and ability to speak. When faced with the necessity to speak for her, he questioned "just how vividly could [his] choice of words convey to the reader the various emotions (fear, despair, loneliness, anger, numbness, alienation, confusion, hope…) these people had experienced” (236). This problem takes on even greater meaning in the second section of his book when Murakami suggests that terrorism and perhaps violence in general is the manifestation of a need for self-expression that exceeds the capacity of words and language.
Given the timing of Sputnik Sweetheart's publication, it seems likely that many of the themes and issues that the Tokyo gas attack provoked for Murakami were still reverberating as he penned his novel.
(2) Having already strayed off the path of a formalist reading of the novel, it doesn't seem like much of a stretch to imagine Sumire as a kindred spirit to Murakami. She seems to share his uncertainty about the capacity of her prose. By her own account, her writing is lacking something essential. “Problem is, once I sit at my desk and put all these down on paper, I realize something vital is missing. It doesn’t crystallize – no crystals, just pebbles.” In response, K recounts the story of the Chinese gates built with the bones of soldiers who had died in war. “When the gate was finished they’d bring several dogs over to it, slit their throats, and sprinkle their blood on the gate.” The ritual was thought to revive the soldiers’ souls and complete the gate. Although Murakami returns several more times to the baptismal blood bath, its meaning is never revealed. Through his use of metaphor, Murakami extends the practice of elevating the ineffable. The very thing that would make Sumire's writing complete and perhaps, because of her sense of the inextricable link between her idea of self and her capacity to express, would Sumire herself whole is "some form of truth harboured beyond the word" (Brook 1).
(3) All of these themes come to a head with Sumire’s last words, so to speak. Sumire’s epiphany at the end of the document that K reads on her computer is simultaneously revelatory and dissatisfying for the reader. It on the one hand offers an acknowledgment of the coexistence of two worlds and hints at an explanation for Sumire’s disappearance (which would be an epiphany for the reader) and on the other hand denies the reader closure by ending with an unanswered and perhaps unanswerable question.
“I’m in love with Miu. With the Miu on this side, needless to say. But I also love the Miu on the other side just as much. The moment this thought struck me it was like I could hear – with an audible creak – myself splitting in two. As if Miu’s own split became a rupture that had taken hold of me.
One question remains, however. If this side, where Miu is, is not the real world – if this side is actually the other side – what about me, the person who shares the same temporal and spatial plane with her?
Who in the world am I?”
There is an incapacity of language to answer the question of her own reality. The novel is ultimately just an ellipsis, a sort of meta-aposiopesis, “pointing towards it without voicing it” (Brook 11).
In Underground, Murakami writes, “Reality is created out of confusion and contradiction, and if you exclude those elements, you’re no longer talking about reality” (363). This is undoubtedly what we encounter in the novel. Each effort to pin down some truth about the characters (K’s evasion of self-description, Miu’s trauma, and indeed Sumire’s disappearance), leads further away from reality. Words become increasingly inadequate to express the multiplicity of selves each character ostensibly represents. As Murakami concludes in Underground, “The mountains are not mountains anymore; the sun is not the sun.” | <urn:uuid:d7e673fb-153e-404a-aca3-541516115d61> | 2013-05-23T18:30:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Singapore, the tropical city-state situated off the southern tip of the Malaysian Peninsula, is a carefully managed combination of Western progress and Eastern and Colonial history. Clusters of skyscrapers and malls dominate the island's downtown but restored colonial buildings lay beneath Singapore's modern veneer. Singapore's downtown core is the Colonial District, where public buildings, hotels and cricket grounds were the domain of British residents.
Singapore's appealing ethnic quarters of Little India, Chinatown and Arab Street retain their own distinct flavor. Equatorial Singapore's high humidity, abundant rainfall and uniform temperature of 27ºC - 31ºC, (81ºF - 88ºF) encourages the abundance of tropical greenery found throughout the island and in it's first-rate nature and wildlife reserves.
Shaped like a flattened diamond, Singapore is 42km/26mi across and 23km/14mi north to south. Most of the four million inhabitants are descended from those arriving from China, India, Malaysia and Europe. Singapore thrives financially and has minimal unemployment; a result of Singapore's compliant population agreeing with their government to put the interest of society ahead of the interest of the individual, in return for once unimaginable levels of prosperity. Some of the ensuing regulations seem extreme: jaywalking, chewing gum and eating on public transit all carry significant fines. The outcome is that Singapore is a clean, safe place to visit, and its public places are smoke-free and hygienic.
Since the 13th C the island has been named Singapore (Singapura) or Lion City when a Sumatran sultan sheltering on the island sensed that the lion he sighted was a good omen and decided to build a new city.
Singapore remained a Sultanate until 1819, when the astute Stamford Raffles of the British East India Company arrived and quickly struck a treaty with local rulers to set up a British trading post. An influx of Malays, Chinese, Indians, Arabs and Europeans arrived at the British port and Singapore's population grew. Singapore's progress declined during World War II when the island fell into the hands of the Japanese. After the war citizens started lobbying for independence from Britain, achieving it in 1965.
Singapore receives over a million visitors annually. International cruise-ships call at the Singapore Cruise Centre on the south end of the island. Changi International Airport is situated in the east. Singapore is connected by causeway to Malaysia. Well-paved roads, on which drivers stay left, connect all parts of the island. Singapore has an excellent public transportation system but can also be toured on foot, to discover small shops, temples, or the daily scene. The entire state is compact enough to be explored in a few days.
5 Shenton Way Unit 37, Singapore, Singapore 068808, Singapore | <urn:uuid:9476c3ae-d70e-4b2a-9326-642695a73684> | 2013-05-23T18:31:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Illustrator Masakazu Fukuda
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Flip a coin. If heads, discard an Energy card attached to the Defending Pokémon. | <urn:uuid:e5b45ef8-8e8a-47f5-b747-b8000a630188> | 2013-05-23T18:44:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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An upcoming update for Guild Wars 2 will bring changes to dungeon spawning mechanics that are designed to foster teamwork, according to a recent post on the game's website by Robert Hrouda, a content designer for ArenaNet's massively multiplayer online role-playing game.
The update will roll out in two phases, though the developer hasn't revealed the release dates. The first update will revamp the game's "res-rushing" feature, which currently lets players use a waypoint to respawn instantly and charge back to battle. In an attempt to foster cooperation, that behavior will end after the update.
"Dungeons were designed to be highly focused on teamwork," Hrouda wrote. "The current res-rushing mechanic discourages the type of behavior we intended when a fellow player goes down. We hope that by eliminating res-rushing, we'll bring dungeons more in-line with our original design goals, which are based around team play and strategy."
ArenaNet has also studied its data and is re-balancing those areas in which most res-rushing took place. The developer will provide "a full list of changes" in the patch notes.
The second phase of the update will include changes to bosses and enemies, and the developers will be taking "a good, hard look" at every boss and dungeon.
Hrouda invited players with thoughts or feedback to bring them to the Guild Wars 2 forums.
Earlier this month, alongside an announcement that the MMO had sold 3 million copies since launch, AreaNet announced plans for additional content as well as changes to Guild Wars 2's achievements and reward systems. | <urn:uuid:3ee757a5-2be7-4b5c-ac49-0cb9b3fc2847> | 2013-05-23T19:07:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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