text stringlengths 130 541k | id stringlengths 47 47 | date stringdate 2013-05-18 04:54:19 2013-06-20 13:35:46 | dump stringclasses 1
value | embeddings listlengths 1 351 | file_path stringclasses 916
values | language stringclasses 1
value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 30 166k | url stringlengths 14 835 | quality_score float64 0.16 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|NIH Guidance on Informed Consent
For Gene Transfer Research
NIH GUIDELINES: "How will the major points covered in Appendix M-II, Description of Proposal, be disclosed to potential participants and/or their parents or guardians in a language that is understandable to them?"
Improving Comprehensibility of the Consent Form: Comprehensibility of the consent form is promoted by:
The text of the consent form can then provide detailed information about the particular study, and may repeat some of the summarized issues in the context of the particular study.
Sometimes, "research" and "treatment" terms are used interchangeably in consent forms. Consistent use of terms is preferred, however, to help minimize the potential for confusion. For example, one term should be used to describe the experimental gene transfer intervention, instead of calling it, at various places, study injection, delivery of a modified virus vector, or gene shot. One term should be used to refer to the investigator (instead of using, for example, both "researcher" and "study doctor"), and one term should refer to participants (instead of using, for example, both "patients" and "subjects" to refer to those enrolled in the study).
Furthermore, consent forms should be written in the second person rather than the first person. Telling potential subjects, "This is what will happen to you if you are in this study" conveys information more clearly than "I have been told that if I join this study, this will happen to me" - a construction that can be awkward and confusing.
In addition, the use of emphatic and directive language should be avoided. A common example is "You understand that....". This construction should never be used in consent forms because it conveys a presumption about what the participants comprehend and detracts from the consent form's proper educational focus on providing information and explanations to potential participants.
Various tools exist to gauge the comprehensibility of the consent form before it is used with potential participants. Such tools include:
Improving Comprehensibility of the Consent Process: In some studies that are especially complicated or risky, or that propose to enroll especially vulnerable participants, it may be desirable to develop a communication evaluation plan to ensure that study personnel have clearly and thoroughly explained key information and that potential participants understand key issues. Such evaluation can take many forms, including:
Communicating with Non-English Speakers: Federal regulations require that consent be provided in a language understood by the potential participant. For potential participants who do not understand English, it may be advisable for the consent form and any supplementary materials to be professionally translated and for the translation to be checked for scientific accuracy so that important nuances are properly conveyed. In addition, investigators, institutional review boards, institutional biosafety committees, and institutions should have appropriate plans in place for use of interpreters experienced with the translation of medical information in all verbal communication during the consent process and throughout the study. | <urn:uuid:94aded80-e615-408c-8878-c90a23c9520e> | 2013-05-26T02:42:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.032470703125,
0.0164794921875,
0.0113525390625,
-0.00689697265625,
0.1083984375,
-0.038818359375,
-0.005584716796875,
0.10791015625,
-0.019775390625,
-0.01348876953125,
0.1259765625,
0.0257568359375,
-0.11376953125,
0.01116943359375,
0.047607421875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928046 | 605 | http://oba.od.nih.gov/oba/rac/ic/appendix_m_iii_a_2.html | 0.734641 |
Seco de los Olivos: Overview
Located in front of the coast of Almeria (southeast Spain), the Chella Bank (Seco de los Olivos in Spanish) is a seamount whose top is found at a depth of 80 metres. It is a set of elevations that houses a very rich biodiversity, including deep-sea coral reefs, cetaceans, sharks and lots of fish. Oceana is responsible for documenting this area as a partner of the LIFE+ INDEMARES project of the European Union, with the objective of turning it into a protected marine area within the Natura 2000 Network.
In the frame of this project, Oceana has obtained never before seen images of the bank with an underwater robot (ROV). As well as these videos, which reach 600 metres depth, the on board diaries which are identified with the logo LIFE+ INDEMARES illustrate the main findings of the 2010, 2011 and 2012 expeditions and also explain the threats presented by aggressive fishing and rubbish.
Oceana first documented Chella Bank in 2006 and the following year found in these waters the first carnivorous sponge observed in Spain. All the details put together up to now demonstrate that this site in the Alboran sea is an ecologically important area within the Mediterranean and it is necessary to protect it. | <urn:uuid:8e9cf037-5a02-4864-b82b-c143b8428c5f> | 2013-05-26T02:55:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.00007124240073608235,
0.0067459470592439175,
-0.01653156988322735,
0.014078497886657715,
0.11262798309326172,
-0.08447098731994629,
-0.002906356705352664,
0.06058020517230034,
0.014825085178017616,
0.008212457410991192,
0.07807166874408722,
0.018984641879796982,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943409 | 275 | http://oceana.org/en/eu/our-work/habitats-protection/mediterranean/seco-de-los-olivos/overview | 0.217574 |
Distributing Charity Funds
Question: Together with some other people in my community I have established a charity fund to assist needy families in our midst. There is a list of one hundred such families, so we have a choice of distributing one thousand dollars to each of these one hundred families, or two thousand dollars to the fifty most needy. What is the right thing to do?
Answer: In his commentary on the statement in Pirkei Avot (3:14) that everything depends on the quantity of deeds, Rambam writes that the more times a person gives charity the more he develops his characteristic of generosity, and that it is therefore preferable to give a thousand gold coins to a thousand needy people than to give the entire sum to one alone.
Whether this rule of thumb applies as well to a situation in which one family is in greater need than another is a question which was put before the leading halachic authority Rabbi Yosef Sholom Eliyashiv by Rabbi Yitzchak Zilberstein of the Ramat Elchanan community of Bnei Brak. The response was that since all hundred are needy and are entitled to receive charity funds, there is no justification for distinguishing between more and less needy because there is an obligation on the part of the donors to the communal fund to provide for all hundred. | <urn:uuid:8ceeb95f-2a97-4fbb-a973-73f1de20aa5b> | 2013-05-26T02:55:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.029781879857182503,
0.004954907577484846,
-0.014890939928591251,
-0.01080117467790842,
0.0968959704041481,
-0.033557046204805374,
-0.01342281885445118,
0.03397651016712189,
-0.014890939928591251,
-0.03166946396231651,
0.05159395933151245,
-0.005662751849740744,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966023 | 272 | http://ohr.edu/2001/print | 0.597534 |
Beersheba - A Spring and an Oath
Be’er means a spring and Sheva means an oath, and the two combine to form the name of the city that is known as the capital of the Negev of modern Israel.
Ancient Beersheba is where the Patriarch Avraham discovered a spring and where he made a covenant with the Philistines which he sealed with an oath. The well built on this spring was eventually stuffed up by the Philistines until the Patriarch Yitzchak restored it to use. Like his father he also made a covenant with the Philistines and reinstituted the name given to it, which became the name of the city that grew around it. | <urn:uuid:bfeded86-c5c3-4813-8116-f1355a622231> | 2013-05-26T02:35:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.02113381400704384,
-0.002904647495597601,
-0.026442307978868484,
-0.023036858066916466,
0.08733974397182465,
-0.05288461595773697,
-0.02784455195069313,
0.09054487198591232,
-0.013621794991195202,
-0.021935096010565758,
-0.0028796072583645582,
0.03285256400704384... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982484 | 147 | http://ohr.edu/this_week/israel_forever/5087 | 0.826018 |
NEW YORK — Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes are calling it quits after five years of marriage.
"This is a personal and private matter for Katie and her family," Holmes's attorney Jonathan Wolfe said Friday. "Katie's primary concern remains, as it always has been, her daughter's best interest."
Cruise's lawyer Bert Fields said Holmes filed for divorce on Thursday.
Cruise, 49, wed the 33-year-old Holmes in 2006 in an Italian castle after publicly declaring his love on "The Oprah Winfrey Show," emphatically jumping on her couch. | <urn:uuid:302279a3-a768-47ae-a08f-02c3f38a9f83> | 2013-05-26T02:59:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.00390625,
0.04483695700764656,
0.011322463862597942,
0.015625,
0.07608695328235626,
-0.048686593770980835,
-0.007416213862597942,
0.10099637508392334,
-0.04121376946568489,
-0.061141304671764374,
0.06884057819843292,
0.02921195700764656,
-0.006567028816789389... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975019 | 116 | http://onlineathens.com/authors/jake-coyle | 0.718227 |
you are allowed to terminate toxic relationships
you are allowed to walk away from people who hurt you
you are allowed to be angry and selfish and unforgiving
you don’t owe anyone an explanation for taking care of yourself
"Be soft. Do not let the world make you hard. Do not let pain make you hate. Do not let the bitterness steal your sweetness. Take pride that even though the rest of the world may disagree, you still believe it to be a beautiful place."
— Kurt Vonnegut (via mahalkitax3)
"A girl becomes a woman when she learns to love herself more than she loves a man."
— (via myragale) | <urn:uuid:f0dea39a-aead-40c6-863e-b514b050430b> | 2013-05-26T03:03:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.006350977811962366,
0.013392857275903225,
0.007174744736403227,
-0.006218112073838711,
0.06887754797935486,
-0.06887754797935486,
0.022640306502580643,
0.06760203838348389,
-0.024447279050946236,
0.0016342474846169353,
0.08503401279449463,
0.019876699894666672,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.857284 | 142 | http://orenjasmine.tumblr.com/ | 0.860697 |
Org includes a publishing management system that allows you to configure automatic HTML conversion of projects composed of interlinked org files. You can also configure Org to automatically upload your exported HTML pages and related attachments, such as images and source code files, to a web server. For detailed instructions about setup, see the manual.
Here is an example:
(setq org-publish-project-alist '(("org" :base-directory "~/org/" :publishing-directory "~/public_html" :section-numbers nil :table-of-contents nil :style "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"../other/mystyle.css\" type=\"text/css\"/>")))
Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this and force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument to any of the commands above.
Chapter 13 of the manual
Sebastian Rose's publishing tutorial
Ian Barton's Jekyll/blogging setup | <urn:uuid:b3d17920-1fbc-4b3b-88f5-a29f8cc5976b> | 2013-05-26T02:41:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.009904035367071629,
0.011626476421952248,
0.020792322233319283,
0.021284447982907295,
0.04601377993822098,
-0.04872047156095505,
0.025959646329283714,
0.06126968562602997,
-0.003921628929674625,
0.05979330837726593,
0.05191929265856743,
0.05437992140650749,
0... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.792516 | 219 | http://orgmode.org/guide/Publishing.html | 0.893251 |
This article is about monastic cells (living quarters).
The term cell applies to such a living space in a building, usually within a cenobitic monastery, which consists of rooms for each monk or nun, as well as a hermit's primitive solitary living space (possibly a cave, hut in the desert, deep forest, etc.) isolated from monasteries. In a cenobitic setting the building of "cells” also contains communal rooms for eating.
In 2005, the oldest physical example of living quarters for Christian monks was found by renovators who were repairing paintings in a fifteenth-century church at the site of the ancient Monastery of St. Anthony in Egypt, near the Red Sea. The monastery was founded in the mid-fourth century and is located about 100 miles southwest of Cairo, Egypt. These cells date from the fourth and fifth centuries. This archeological find is the first physical evidence that monks lived on the monastery site before the sixth century. | <urn:uuid:2cd941bd-4b53-42ba-b906-8cf34e0b93db> | 2013-05-26T02:34:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.013760288245975971,
-0.03395061567425728,
-0.01774691417813301,
-0.00255594146437943,
0.0833333358168602,
-0.052211932837963104,
-0.010673868469893932,
0.0833333358168602,
-0.02674897201359272,
-0.07458847761154175,
0.09310699254274368,
0.024562757462263107,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977264 | 200 | http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Cell&oldid=100812 | 0.773233 |
What is the CA 19-9 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) test? What does the CA 19-9 test measure?
The CA 19-9 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a simple blood test that measures the level of tumor-associated antigens found in the blood serum of a person who has pancreatic cancer. Antigens are substances that cause the immune system to make a specific immune response. CA 19-9 antigens are foreign substances released by pancreatic tumor cells.
The normal range of CA 19-9 in the blood of a healthy individual is 0-37 U/ml (Units per milliliter). CA 19-9 associated antigen levels are elevated in the blood of many patients with pancreatic cancer. It is important to note that not every patient with pancreatic cancer will have an elevated CA 19-9 level and some non-cancerous conditions can cause high CA 19-9 levels. For these reasons, the CA 19-9 test cannot be used as a diagnostic or screening test for pancreatic cancer.
When is the CA 19-9 test performed?
After the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is confirmed and if the individual’s CA 19-9 level was elevated before treatment, the CA 19-9 test is used periodically to judge the effectiveness of various treatments.
What do the values or numbers of a CA 19-9 test mean?
In general, if CA 19-9 values increase, then progression or growth of the tumor is indicated. If the values remain the same, then the disease is stable. Finally, if CA 19-9 values decrease, then a response to treatment is indicated. A decline in CA 19-9 levels after treatment for pancreatic cancer followed by a rise later may suggest tumor recurrence.
Why is the CA 19-9 test performed?
Changes in CA 19-9 levels help determine if the tumor is progressing, remaining stable or responding to treatment. This test helps doctors decide if treatment should be changed or if additional tests or scans are necessary.
How is the CA 19-9 test performed?
A blood sample is taken from the patient and then sent to a laboratory for testing to determine the level of CA 19-9 present in the blood. This blood sample is measured using a radioimmunoassay, or RIA, test. Radioimmunoassay is a laboratory technique that can identify specific substances in the blood.
How often is the CA 19-9 test performed?
The doctor will determine how frequently the CA 19-9 tests should be performed. If the tumor seems to be growing despite treatment efforts, the CA 19-9 test may be repeated weekly or after each round of treatment is completed. In a patient who is not currently receiving treatment, the CA 19-9 test may be used periodically over time to determine if that patient should resume treatment or undergo additional testing. People who had their tumors surgically removed might have periodic CA 19-9 tests as part of their follow-up care.
Can conditions other than pancreatic cancer cause an elevated CA 19-9?
Yes. While a high CA 19-9 is most commonly associated with pancreatic cancer, other cancers, such as colorectal, lung, and gall bladder cancers, can also cause elevated levels. High CA 19-9 levels can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions such as gall stones, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and liver disease.
During radiation therapy, CA 19-9 levels might be elevated due to the dying cancer cells releasing CA 19-9. Since the results of a CA 19-9 test are not accurate, the test is not performed while the patient receives radiation treatment.
The information and services provided by the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc. are for informational purposes only. The information and services are not intended to be substitutes for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you are ill, or suspect that you are ill, see a doctor immediately! The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network does not recommend nor endorse any specific physicians, products or treatments even though they may be mentioned on this site. In addition, please note that any personal information you provide to the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network's associates during telephone and/or email consultations may be stored in a secure database to assist the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc. in providing you with the best service possible. Portions of the constituent data stored in this database may be used to inform future programs and services of the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc., and may be provided in aggregate form to third parties to guide future pancreatic cancer research and treatment efforts. The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc. will not provide personal identifying information (such as your name or contact information) to third parties without your advanced written consent. 080923 | <urn:uuid:605cbf28-27d9-46a0-9867-eaf3083b1332> | 2013-05-26T03:08:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.026611328125,
0.007293701171875,
0.0152587890625,
0.0108642578125,
0.10986328125,
-0.11376953125,
-0.0177001953125,
0.12353515625,
-0.034423828125,
0.006866455078125,
0.1201171875,
0.0011138916015625,
-0.01385498046875,
0.06298828125,
0.03466796875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916883 | 998 | http://pancan.org/section_facing_pancreatic_cancer/learn_about_pan_cancer/diagnosis/CA19_9.php | 0.404081 |
Penthouse.com, as part of its automated affiliate program rules,
prohibits the sending of commercial emails and other promotional methods
that may violate applicable law and/or otherwise be inappropriate.
You can help us. If you have received any form of promotion about which
you would like to advise us, please contact us immediately using the form
below so that we can investigate it and take further action, if necessary.
Description of Abuse:
Please provide a full copy of the offending email or advertisement. If you received an advertisement while browsing another website, please provide us with:
If possible, also include any headers or any text copied from the "View Source" option in your browser.
Your Email Address:
(if you would like a response or want your address blocked) | <urn:uuid:a826b6cc-6284-41c6-b2d7-7a1594cec50a> | 2013-05-26T02:43:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0385044626891613,
0.015438987873494625,
0.02297247014939785,
0.01130022294819355,
0.075148805975914,
-0.0438988097012043,
-0.017578125,
0.09375,
-0.01888020895421505,
-0.0691964253783226,
0.0598958320915699,
0.0394345223903656,
-0.090773805975914,
-0.0688... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934869 | 163 | http://penthouse.com/go/page/abuse.html?who=r,GYHgPZ3uw14sm1ICF5iC5zKF03O_W5RmztxEECZpzgQcHWKxAHsQlbeIpgDIRGUPh3C4B4cmLyeHUVUsmI2WNLyvWXCZ56RyvkglFvlyPUok8cs3wfE9KMhTR9iPr_JW&abuse_fromip=&abuse_date_registered=&abuse_pid=&abuse_handle=&abuse_status=&abuse_level= | 0.272031 |
Peoria Public Radio Staff
Mon March 25, 2013
Anthony Lewis, Journalist Who Transformed Supreme Court Coverage, Dies
Anthony Lewis, whose "thorough knowledge" of the Supreme Court's work "allowed him to write authoritatively and accessibly about difficult points," has died, The New York Times writes.
Lewis, twice a Pulitzer Prize winner, was 85.
The Times, where Lewis worked as a reporter, columnist and bureau chief at various times, and The Boston Globe report that the journalist's wife, retired Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice Margaret Marshall, said the cause of death was complications of renal and heart failure. He died at his home in Cambridge, Mass., according to the Times.
The Globe reminds readers that:
"Mr. Lewis, an expert on constitutional law, won the Pulitzer for national reporting for the Washington Daily News in 1955. He won again for national reporting for The New York Times in 1963. He was the author of the column 'Abroad at Home' for the Times from 1969 to 2001."
On the Times' website, University of Washington scholar Ronald K.L. Collins says Lewis "brought context to the law. He had an incredible talent in making the law not only intelligible but also in making it compelling."
Lewis received the 1963 Pulitzer for national reporting, in recognition of "his distinguished reporting of the proceedings of the United States Supreme Court during the year, with particular emphasis on the coverage of the decision in the reapportionment case and its consequences in many of the States of the Union."
The Times notes that the case was "Baker v. Carr, in which the Supreme Court opened legislative districting to oversight by the federal courts. Mr. Lewis did more than cover the decision; an article on legislative apportionment that he had written for The Harvard Law Review was cited in the decision at Footnote 27."
His 1955 Pulitzer, also for national reporting, recognized Lewis for:
"Publishing a series of articles which were adjudged directly responsible for clearing Abraham Chasanow, an employee of the U.S. Navy Department, and bringing about his restoration to duty with an acknowledgment by the Navy Department that it had committed a grave injustice in dismissing him as a security risk. Mr. Lewis received the full support of his newspaper in championing an American citizen, without adequate funds or resources for his defense, against an unjust act by a government department. This is in the best tradition of American journalism."
Chasanow had been accused of being a risk to national security. When Chasanow died in 1989, Lewis wrote an appreciation.
"Abraham Chasanow died the other day, and attention should be paid," Lewis said. "He was not a famous person; he disliked the limelight. But when he was victimized at a time of fear and injustice in this country, he fought back. He made a difference." | <urn:uuid:6555b5f1-6a2e-4af0-a5be-cc36e528e48d> | 2013-05-26T03:02:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0167236328125,
0.0625,
0.000919342041015625,
-0.00872802734375,
0.06884765625,
-0.01373291015625,
-0.0157470703125,
0.08837890625,
-0.01007080078125,
-0.011474609375,
0.057373046875,
0.0361328125,
-0.060791015625,
-0.008544921875,
0.031982421875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979315 | 596 | http://peoriapublicradio.org/node/2963/backlinks | 0.31155 |
Sandra Bullock is now a part of the growing lists of celebs donating to Haiti!
The Blind Side actress has donated a charitable $1 million to the Doctors Without Borders' emergency medical operations in Port-Au-Prince - the same charity Brangelina donated to through the Jolie-Pitt Foundation.
"I wanted to ensure that my donation would be used immediately to meet the needs of the Haitian people affected by this catastrophic event," Bullock wrote in a statement released on Friday.
CLICK HERE to donate to Doctors Without Borders yourself to help with the Haiti Earthquake Response.
[Image via WENN.] | <urn:uuid:e591190d-cd85-452a-808f-6dfbefa344fc> | 2013-05-26T03:03:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.023223459720611572,
0.017230307683348656,
-0.01043450366705656,
-0.013805651105940342,
0.07277397066354752,
-0.008989726193249226,
-0.0020066353026777506,
0.06335616111755371,
-0.007223886903375387,
-0.03317636996507645,
0.04837328940629959,
-0.001953125,
-0.... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949702 | 127 | http://perezhilton.com/2010-01-17-sandra-bullock-donates-1-million-to-aid-haiti/ | 0.20204 |
You have an empty container, and an infinite number of marbles, each numbered with an integer from 1 to infinity.
At the start of the minute, you put marbles 1 - 10 into the container, then remove one of the marbles and throw it away. You do this again after 30 seconds, then again in 15 seconds, and again in 7.5 seconds. You continuosly repeat this process, each time after half as long an interval as the time before, until the minute is over.
Since this means that you repeated the process an infinite number of times, you have "processed" all your marbles.
How many marbles are in the container at the end of the minute if for every repetition (numbered N)
A. You remove the marble
numbered (10 * N)
B. You remove the marble numbered (N)
(In reply to My ideas?
Well... to be specific, I think you said that you can't multiply or divide infinity (not dividing BY infinity).
I'm not sure what dividing by infinity means, unless you're implying dividing by a variable as the variable grows towards infinity. In which case, you are talking about the "normal" limit described by calculus.
You said in your first post "so it's infinity times 9 divided by 10... Wait, we can't divide or multiply infinity".
I don't see why not. But an infinity multiplied by, divided by, added to, or lessened by a constant is the same infinity.
Again, I would refer you to studies about what infinities mean and that they are normally dealt with as sets of elements and operations (often mappings) ON those sets. | <urn:uuid:d185d41e-eca2-40cb-80e0-525a863d830c> | 2013-05-26T03:03:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.040469974279403687,
0.0021928034257143736,
-0.002111210720613599,
-0.012238902971148491,
0.040469974279403687,
-0.044386424124240875,
0.0034472912084311247,
0.06135770305991173,
-0.03671671077609062,
-0.017787206918001175,
0.09203655272722244,
0.00775130558758974... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948454 | 350 | http://perplexus.info/show.php?pid=1341&cid=7795 | 0.952661 |
Hello, I'm new here. My cat Tiger was just diagnosed with a vaccine-induced fibrosarcoma that's inoperable and un-treatable (other than radiation that will cost $4-6,000 which I can't afford). He will be 10 next month and he has diabetes and kidney disease. These latter conditions are well maintained and his blood sugar and renal levels are steady. I found the hard lump on his shoulder about a month ago. I made an appointment with the vet for the following week and by the time his appt. time came, the lump had doubled. The vet said he thought it was a sarcoma but did a needle aspiration test. It took several days and the results came back inconclusive. That cost $200 to find out nothing. He couldn't get me in for another week. He said he would remove the lump and send out the mass for a biopsy at the same time. By the time I brought him back in the lump had double again. The vet said he was up all night thinking about Tiger and that he couldn't do the surgery ... he said it would be too invasive and would probably kill him. He said he would have to amputate his leg and remove part of his chest cavity and could possibly paralyze him due to the tumor's proximity to the spine. He said he wanted to biopsy first to see if it was by chance it was something else that was more treatable. The biopsy cost as much as the surgery would have cost. Several days passed (while the lump grew) and yep, it's a sarcoma and it's non treatable. So I'm out all of this money that I couldn't afford any way and I don't know if I have any options left.
Right now he's alert and other than favoring his non-tumor side when he sits and lays down, appears healthy and happy. The vet said he couldn't give me a time frame as to when it would start to really impact his quality of life. He said it's localized and probably won't spread but it will continue to grow. What I'm wondering is if anyone has dealt with an extremely advanced and aggressive sarcoma and had a positive outcome? I'm also wondering for those who have had a cat with this prognosis to help me understand what to expect. What were the stages and did your pet pass away on his own or did you have to put him to sleep? I just want to know what to expect. | <urn:uuid:b595be31-1698-44f1-b612-5302ccc8c9e6> | 2013-05-26T03:02:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.015869140625,
0.0172119140625,
0.0159912109375,
0.0081787109375,
0.0947265625,
-0.0400390625,
-0.00970458984375,
0.0927734375,
-0.01055908203125,
-0.06689453125,
0.0625,
0.0242919921875,
-0.020263671875,
0.00860595703125,
0.043701171875,
-0.011596... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.99591 | 514 | http://petoftheday.com/talk/showthread.php?160575-Kitty-with-fibrosarcoma&p=2259190 | 0.190659 |
A pheochromocytoma is a tumor typically of the adrenal gland, originating within the chromaffin cells, which produces excessive adrenaline. Aside from the adrenal glands, it may also be located in other chromaffin tissue. Although such tumors may grow to a considerable size, most are less than 10 cm.
Signs and Symptoms
Pheochromocytoma symptoms vary depending upon the case and individual, but some possibilities may include the following:
Anxiety, nervousness, or panic attacks
Excessive sweating (diaphoresis)
Hyperglycemia (Elevated blood sugar levels)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Localized amyloid deposits (upon microscopic examination)
Lower chest pain
Pallor (pale color)
Tachycardia (elevated heart rate)
Upper abdomen pain
Continue reading additional information on pheochromocytoma symptoms.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Pheochromocytoma diagnosis is made by a doctor or medical professional. Common methods of receiving a diagnosis involve measuring the catecholamines in the blood plasma, or metanephrines and catecholamines in the urine. If a pheochromocytoma is diagnosed, CT scan imaging may be useful in localizing the tumor.
Certain other conditions can be ruled out in the diagnosis process: anxiety disorders, essential hypertension, hyperthyroidism, insulinoma, paragangliomas, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and renovascular hypertension.
Pheochromocytoma treatment methods involve surgery: either surgical resection (laparotomy or laparoscopy), or adrenalectomy (total removal of any adrenal glands affected by the tumor).
Pheochromocytoma prognosis depends upon a number of factors, such as whether the tumor is malignant, and if so, how far it has spread. Prognosis of such malignant cases in children is not as well known as in adults.
Continue to read more regarding diagnosis and treatment.
It is sometimes known as the "ten percent tumor" due to the fact that a variety of its statistics are approximately 10%. As an example, roughly 10% of cases involve malignant pheochromocytoma tumors. | <urn:uuid:b8c2b3a4-ac82-44b8-bdb8-b3e00e9375a4> | 2013-05-26T02:54:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0172119140625,
0.0032958984375,
0.0196533203125,
-0.002197265625,
0.111328125,
-0.0184326171875,
-0.013916015625,
0.109375,
-0.01300048828125,
-0.033203125,
0.07861328125,
0.0108642578125,
-0.03662109375,
0.043212890625,
0.04345703125,
0.0043029785... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.866209 | 483 | http://pheochromocytoma.net/ | 0.324071 |
Results tagged ‘ Pennsylvania Railroad ’
Although best known as the betrayed manager of the infamous 1919 Black Sox, Kid Gleason began and ended his baseball career in Philadelphia, first as a pitcher for the Phillies and later as a coach for Connie Mack’s A’s.
William J. Gleason, Jr. was born on October 26, 1866 in Camden, N.J., although at least one biographer claims that he was born in south Philadelphia and that his family would move across the Delaware River to Camden while a toddler. Gleason’s father, William, Sr. worked as a foreman for the Pennsylvania Railroad, working out of the Market Street Ferry Terminal. Growing up, Gleason would play baseball, being nicknamed the ‘Kid’ because of both his short stature and his energetic, youthful play, while also working as a brakeman for the railroad, continuing to perform that duty during the off-season for a short time after becoming a professional ballplayer. After playing for local Camden ballclubs, including the Camden Merrit club in 1885, he would play for a team in Williamsport, PA., in 1887 and then play for a team in Scranton, PA., later that same year. The following year, he would play his first professional ballgame as a member of Harry Wright’s Philadelphia Phillies, making his major league debut on April 20, debuting as the team’s opening day pitcher. Pitching against the Boston Beaneaters (now the Atlanta Braves), the team would lose 4-3.
Playing in twenty-five games during that first season with the Phillies, all but one of which would be as a pitcher, Gleason would start in twenty-three games and finished the other one. His record for the year would be 7-16 with a 2.84 ERA, as he would pitch in 199.7 innings, giving up 199 hits, 11 of which would be home runs, leading the team in that category that year, allow 112 runs to score, 63 of which would be earned, as he would also walk 53 batters, strike out 89, hit 12 batters, leading the team in that category, and throw 11 wild pitches. The following year, 1889, Gleason would play in thirty games, pitching in twenty-nine of them. He would start in twenty-one games, completing fifteen, and finishing seven other games, being the team’s leader in that category. His record for the season would be 9-15 with an ERA of 5.58, as he would pitch in 205 innings, giving up 242 hits, including 8 home runs, while allowing 177 runners to score, with 127 of them being earned. He would also walk 97 batters while striking out 64, hit 9 batters, once again leading the team’s pitching staff and throw 14 wild pitches. Gleason would also save one game, putting him in a tie for the team’s lead with Ben Sanders.
1890 would be the Kid’s breakout year as a pitcher as he would become the team’s ace thanks to that year’s Players’ League revolt. He would start the year off as the team’s opening day pitcher, facing future Hall of Famer Amos Rusie of the New York (now San Francisco) Giants on April 19, leading the Phils to a 4-0 victory over the previous season’s National League champ. Appearing in sixty-three games that season, he would play sixty games as a pitcher and two as a second baseman. Gleason would start in fifty-five games, completing all but one, while finishing the other five, placing him third in the NL in all three categories. His record for the season would be 38-17 for a .691 winning percentage, leading the team in wins (while setting the team’s record for wins in a season, which still stands) and winning percentage and placing him second behind Bill Hutchinson of the Chicago Colts in wins and second behind Tom Lovett of the Brooklyn Bridegrooms in winning percenatge, with an ERA of 2.63, leading the team and placing him fifth in the league. He would perform six shut outs, placing him second behind Kid Nichols of the Beaneaters. Gleason would also have two saves, tying him for first place in the NL with Dave Foutz of the Bridegrooms and Hutchinson of the Colts. He would pitch in 506 innings (3), giving up 479 hits (3), of which 8 would be for home runs. Gleason would also give up 253 runs, of which 148 were earned (4), walk 167 batters (5), strike out 222 (3T), perform one balk and throw 11 wild pitches. The following season, 1891, he would once again be the Phils’ opening day pitcher, pitching against the Bridegrooms on April 22, as the Phils would lose the game, 1-0. The Kid would have another winning season, but just barely, as his record drops to 24-22 with an ERA of 3.51, although leading the team in wins and ERA, and, sadly, also losses. In sixty-five games, fifty-three of which would be as a pitcher, Gleason would start in forty-four, completing forty games and finishing nine others, leading the team in all four categories, as well as leading the NL in games finished. He would have one shutout, tying him for the team’s lead with Duke Esper and John Thornton and one save. Gleason would pitch in 418 innings, giving up 431 hits, 10 of which would be for home runs, while also giving up 237 runs, 148 of which would be earned, leading the team in innings pitched, hits allowed, home runs allowed and earned runs allowed. He would also walk 165 batters while striking out only 100, and throw 17 wild pitches, leading the team in both walks and wild pitches. This would be his last season as a Phillie as at some point between the 1891 and the 1892 seasons the Phils would either let him go or trade him to the St. Louis Browns (now the Cardinals) one of the four teams picked up by the National League following the folding of the then second Major League, the American Association.
Among Phillies’ leader, Gleason is presently still 16th in wins (78), 21st in losses (70), 22nd in ERA (3.29), 58th in games pitched (166), tied for 27th in games started (143), 11th in complete games (132), tied for 37th in shut outs (7), tied for 89th in saves (4), 17th in innings pitched (1328.2), 18th in hits allowed (1351), 12th in runs allowed (779), 23rd in earned runs allowed (501), tied for 89th in home runs allowed (37), 9th in walks (482), 34th in strike outs (475), tied for 12th in hit batters (49), 9th in wild pitches (53) and 176th in winning percentage (.527). But, this would not be the last time that Phillies fans would see Gleason as a Phil, but we are presently getting ahead of ourselves.
Gleason would spend two plus seasons with the St. Louis Browns. He would begin the 1892 season as their opening day pitcher, going against the Chicago Colts on April 12, that would end up as a 14-10 lost for the Browns. Gleason would play in sixty-six games, forty-seven of them as a pitcher, of which forty-five would be starts, completing all but two. The rest he would play as either a shortstop or in the outfield. Gleason’s record that season would be 20-24, including two shut outs, with an ERA of 3.33. He would pitch 300 innings that year, giving up 389 hits, 11 of which would be for home runs (7), allow 244 runs to score, of which 148 would be earned (9). Gleason would also walk 151 batters, while striking out 133 and throw 9 wild pitches. He would lead the Browns in all pitching categories mentioned, except for ERA and runs allowed. The following year, 1893, would see him play in fifty-nine games, of which he would pitch in forty-eight games (6T), starting forty-five games (4), completing thirty-seven of them (8), while finishing three, pitching one shut out and saving one game (6T). In 380 and a third innings (7), he would give up 436 hits (5), of which 18 would be for home runs (2), while allowing 276 runs to score, of which 195 were earned, the lead leader in that category. He would also walk 187 batters (3), while striking out 86 and throwing 16 wild pitches (5). He would lead the Browns in wins, games started, home runs allowed, walks, hits allowed, earned runs allowed and wild pitches, while being tied for the lead in games pitched, saves and shut outs.
The 1894 season would see him play for two teams. He would begin the year playing for the Browns, with a record of 2-6 and an ERA of 6.05 in eight games pitched, all starts, with six complete games. Overall, he would play just 9 games with the Browns, playing his other game as a first baseman. He would pitch in only 58 innings, giving up just 75 hits, only two of which would be for home runs, as he would give up 50 runs, only 39 of which would be earned, while walking just 21 batters, striking out 9 and throwing just one wild pitch. On June 23, 1894, the Browns would sell him to the Baltimore Orioles for $2400. Kid would become sort of rejuvenated upon joining the Orioles, as he would end the season with a 15-5 record with a 4.45 ERA, as he would pitch in twenty-one games, playing twenty-six games overall, as he would start twenty games, completing all but one, and finishing one other game. Pitching in 172 innings, he would give up 224 hits, only three of which would be for home runs, allow 111 runs to cross the plate, of which only 85 would be earned. He would also walk 44 batters, while striking out 35 and throwing only three wild pitches, as he would help lead the Orioles to the first of two straight pennants (1894-1895) as a member of their ball club. This would turn out to be his last major year as a pitcher, as the National League, now the only major league in existance, would move the pitcher’s mound to its modern distance of 60′ 6″ from home plate, ending his effectiveness as a pitcher. He would appear in just nine more games as a pitcher in 1895, starting in five, completing three games, and finishing the other four, recording one save, as he would record a 2-4 record with an ERA of 6.97. Gleason would pitch in 50 and a third innings, giving up 77 hits, four of which would be home runs, as he would allow 51 runs to score, of which 39 would be earned. He would also walk 21 batters while striking out 6 and throw one wild pitch.
In nine season as a pitcher, Gleason would compile a record of 138-131 for the Phillies, the Browns and the Orioles for a winning percentage of .513, with a 3.79 ERA. He would pitch in 299 games, starting 266 games and finishing 30 others. Gleason would complete 240 games, while throwing 10 shut outs and saving six. The Kid would pitch in 2389.3 innings, giving up 2552 hits, of which 75 would be home runs, while allowing 1511 runs to score, of which 1007 would be earned. He would also walk 906 batters, strike out 744, hit 21 batters, throw 83 wild pitches and commit one balk.
During the 1895 season, Orioles’ manager, future Hall of Famer Ned Hanlon, would turn Gleason into an everyday player, mainly playing at second base. During that first season as a regular, Gleason would blossom as a player, hitting .309, with a slugging percentage of .399 and an on-base percentage of .366, as he would go 130 for 421 in 112 games. He would knock in 74 runs while scoring 90, as he would collect 14 doubles and 12 triples, while walking 33 times as he would strike out only 18 times. He would also steal 19 bases, as he would help lead the Orioles to their second straight NL pennant. On November 15, the Orioles would send Gleason and $3500 to the Giants, in exchange for catcher Jack Doyle.
I will continue the story on Kid Gleason next week, starting with his years playing for the New York Giants.
Sources: Wikipedia, Baseball-reference.com, Retrosheet.org, Delaware Valley Rhythm and Blues Society, Inc.com-Camden Sports Hall of Fame, The Baseball Page.com, Phillies.com | <urn:uuid:99b32718-ab02-4634-ac1c-95e8892e56d3> | 2013-05-26T02:48:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.00872802734375,
0.00482177734375,
-0.01007080078125,
-0.02685546875,
0.0693359375,
-0.0169677734375,
0.01318359375,
0.06787109375,
-0.00201416015625,
-0.05322265625,
0.123046875,
0.057861328125,
-0.0089111328125,
0.000759124755859375,
0.044921875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987567 | 2,710 | http://philliesredpinstripes.mlblogs.com/tag/pennsylvania-railroad/ | 0.448971 |
I agree with stoicfury. But I think there is an additional argument that the crux of idealism can't be undermined in the way you propose (whatever may be the weaknesses of Berkeley's version of idealism), even beyond the idea that everything is "theoretically observable".
In the case of "matter (with) properties beyond our perception" there is still a very concrete, untheoretical chain of perception between the so-called object and our experience of it. That might be a long, complex series including observations of readings on instruments, data on computer screens, and so on. There may (must?) also be inferential links in the chain.
But nothing in such a chain is fundamentally different than so-called ordinary perception. Yes, we use artificial instruments and complex apparatus to generate the ultimate perceptions of the "objects" of physics such as subatomic particles and waves, but how's that different in kind than, say, the apparatus of the eye and the visual pathways in the nervous system; or the use of natural or artificial light to make things visible; or the mediation of air to carry sound so we can perceive it; etc.
The trickiest part of that might be the use of inference to "see" the properties of objects such as mass, charm etc. But even in ordinary perception there have to be mental processes involved, a kind of instant inference, to "see" a fully formed object when all we really get from the "outside world" is raw sense data, with no actual object. Yet we "see" a whole tree all but instantaneously.
And often we need higher-level mental processes, a kind of inference, to "see" objects that are ordinarily familiar. I doubt if a primitive tribesman could look at, say, a cell phone and "see" anything near what we instantly perceive when one comes into view. And in fact, on first glimpse, from an unusual angle, partly obscured or under reduced light, even we might not "see" a cell phone where one is present. But as we look harder and think about what we are looking at, and compare it to what we know about various objects, it might suddenly become apparent -- hey, that's a cell phone. Even further, everybody has certainly experienced looking at so-call objects and not being able to tell even where one object ends and another begins. (
As for the need for artificial instruments or the lack thereof, I keep a jeweler's magnifying eyepiece on my desk for looking at ultra-fine print and other tiny objects that occasionally cross my path. And even then I sometimes need to think hard to fill in obscured words or properties. I've occasionally even resorted to magnifying fine print and small images with a copier/scanner so I can "see" them better. So much for the unaided senses.
Actually, if anything, modern physics has, IMHO, strengthened the case for some sort of idealism. These properties of particles that we "see" -- "color", "charm" and "spin" -- have little or no actual basis in sense data or ordinary perception. They are -- sometimes whimsical -- metaphors for "properties" that are arguably largely mental in character. "Charm" is of course, a particularly good example. Arthur Eddington, the astrophysicist who first confirmed general relativity, was a major proponent of this view. | <urn:uuid:994ac4f1-500b-465b-95ff-63903c015767> | 2013-05-26T02:41:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.048828125,
-0.01171875,
0.007568359375,
0.008544921875,
0.06103515625,
-0.0458984375,
-0.00469970703125,
0.1103515625,
-0.00750732421875,
-0.00408935546875,
0.0693359375,
0.01324462890625,
-0.064453125,
0.07568359375,
0.039306640625,
-0.0065002441... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9454 | 701 | http://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/2531/has-modern-physics-undermined-berkeleys-idealism/2536 | 0.237676 |
Very little has been written in recent decades about the temporal nature of art. The two principal explanations provided by our Western cultural tradition are that art is timeless (`eternal') or that it belongs within the world of historical change. Neither account offers a plausible explanation of the world of art as we know it today, which contains large numbers of works which are self-evidently not timeless because they have been resurrected after long periods of oblivion with significances quite different (...) from those which they originally held, and which also seem to have escaped history because, though long-forgotten, they have `come alive' again for us today. In his two key works on the theory of art, "Les Voix du silence" and "La Métamorphose des dieux", André Malraux offers an entirely new account of the temporal nature of art based on the concept of metamorphosis. Unlike the traditional explanations, Malraux's account makes sense of the world of art as we now know it. He revolutionizes our understanding of the relationship between art and time. (shrink)
After an initial period of popularity in the 1960s and 1970s, André Malraux’s works on the theory of art, "The Voices of Silence" and "The Metamorphosis of the Gods", lapsed into relative obscurity. A major factor in this fall from grace was the frosty reception given to these works by a number of leading art historians, including E.H. Gombrich, who accused Malraux of an irresponsible approach to art history and of "reckless inaccuracies". This essay examines a representative sample of the (...) art historians' arguments and contends that they reveal serious misreadings of Malraux’s texts and a recurring tendency to confuse matters of interpretation with matters of fact. The article suggests that the charge of irresponsibility might well be levelled at the critics themselves, and that the myth of Malraux as guilty of ‘reckless inaccuracies’ needs to be debunked. (shrink)
This paper examines the effects of environmental factors on the ethical behavior of managers using computers at work in Mainland China. In this study, environmental factors refer to senior management, peer groups, company policies, professional practices, and legal considerations. Ethical behaviors include attitudes to disclosure, protection of privacy, conflict of interest, personal conduct, social responsibility, and integrity. A questionnaire survey was used for data collection, and 125 mainland Chinese managers participated in the study. The results show that peer groups, professional (...) practices, and legal considerations do influence the ethical behavior of mainland Chinese managers in the areas of social responsibility, integrity, and accountability. A discussion of the implications of the results is also provided in this paper. (shrink)
Machine generated contents note: Introduction; 1. Teleology, Platonic and Aristotelian David Sedley; 2. Biology and metaphysics in Aristotle Robert Bolton; 3. The unity and purpose of On the Parts of Animals I James G. Lennox; 4. An Aristotelian puzzle about definition: Metaphysics Z.12 Alan Code; 5. Unity of definition in Metaphysics H.6 and Z.12 Mary Louise Gill; 6. Definition in Aristotle's Posterior Analytics Pierre Pellegrin; 7. Male and female in Aristotle's Generation of Animals Aryeh Kosman; 8. Metaphysics Θ. 7 and (...) 8: some issues concerning actuality and potentiality David Charles; 9. Where is the activity? Sarah Broadie; 10. Political community and the highest good John M. Cooper; Publications of Allan Gotthelf. (shrink)
Edgar Allan Poe’s standing as a literary figure, who drew on (and sometimes dabbled in) the scientific debates of his time, makes him an intriguing character for any exploration of the historical interrelationship between science, literature and philosophy. His sprawling ‘prose-poem’ Eureka (1848), in particular, has sometimes been scrutinized for anticipations of later scientific developments. By contrast, the present paper argues that it should be understood as a contribution to the raging debates about scientific methodology at the time. This (...) methodological interest, which is echoed in Poe’s ‘tales of ratiocination’, gives rise to a proposed new mode of—broadly abductive—inference, which Poe attributes to the hybrid figure of the ‘poet-mathematician’. Without creative imagination and intuition, Science would necessarily remain incomplete, evenby its own standards. This concern with imaginative (abductive) inference ties in nicely with his coherentism, which grants pride of place to the twin virtues of Simplicity and Consistency, which must constrain imagination lest it degenerate into mere fancy. (shrink)
There is thinking, conducted by a single person, about how to live. And there is thinking together– a kind of “language infused”(5) shared activity – about how to live together. In the first of these fascinating and deeply probing Tanner Lectures Allan Gibbard is concerned with both of these phenomena and with how they interact.
We have been teaching gender issues and feminist theory for many years, and we know that there is certainly a diversity of views among women, and men, about what counts as feminist or as good for women. Some may see a competent woman running for V.P as inevitably a step forward for women's equality. But consider this.
It is widely believed that such old-fashioned questions have been rendered absurd by the materialism of modern empirical science, but some seemingly 'magical' properties of quantum mechanics have brought them back into serious discussion in some circles. I will examine the possibility of making miracles using well-established principles of quantum mechanics--in particular, the possibility that quantum theory allows for the most desirable 'miracle' of all: immortality.
This review looks at Sarah Hoagland's Lesbian Ethics from the position of a lesbian who is also a cultural participant in a colonized heterosexualist culture (la cultura Nuevomejicana) within the powerful context of its colonizing heterosexualist culture (Angloamerican culture). From this position separation from heterosexualism acquires great complexity since the position described is that of a plural self. In Lesbian Ethics lesbian community is the community of separation where demoralization is avoided by auto-koenonous selves. Because heterosexualism is not a (...) cross-cultural or international system but a series of systems some of which dominate over others and threaten their extinction, lesbian pluralism cannot be achieved through the inclusion of lesbians of different cultures, classes and situations in a separating group. Neither the need for nor the value of separation from heterosexualism are undermined by the increased complexity that this position adds to the analysis. (shrink)
This new edition brings together the English translation of the renowned Plato scholar and translator, Seth Benardete, with two illuminating commentaries on it: Benardete's "On Plato's Symposium" and Allan Bloom's provocative essay, "The ...
Framing effects have a significant influence on the finitely repeated matching pennies game. The combination of being labelled "a guesser", and having the objective of matching the opponent’s action, appears to be advantageous. We find that being a player who aims to match the opponent’s action is advantageous irrespective of whether the player moves first or second. We examine alternative explanations for our results and relate them to Edgar Allan Poe’s "The Purloined Letter". We propose a behavioral model which (...) generates the observed asymmetry in the players’ performance. (shrink)
: This article examines Sarah Kofman's interpretation of Nietzsche in light of the claim that interpretation was for her both an articulation of her identity and a mode of deconstructing the very notion of identity. Faulkner argues that Kofman's work on Nietzsche can be understood as autobiographical, in that it served to mediate a relation to her self. Faulkner examines this relation with reference to Klein's model of the child's connection to its mother. By examining Kofman's later writings on (...) Nietzsche alongside her autobiography, this article contends that Kofman's defense of anti-Semitism in Nietzsche serves to fend off her own ambivalence about being Jewish. (shrink)
This paper was presented at a session on "Three views of experiment: Atomic parity violations," in which Allan Franklin's study of an episode in the recent history of particle physics was discussed and criticized. Franklin argues in favor of what he calls "the evidence model," a general claim to the effect that physicists' theory choices are based on valid experimental evidence. He contrasts his position to that of the social constructivists, who, according to him, insist that social and cognitive (...) interests, and not the evidence, explains physicists' practical and theoretical judgments. My paper argues that Franklin miscasts the debate between experimental realism and social constructivism, because constructivists do not insist that evidence has no role whatsoever in experimental practice. My position draws lessons from Wittgenstein's later philosophy and ethnomethodological studies of scientific practices. The paper does not aim to support social constructivism against Franklin's arguments, so much as to suggest that the terms of the realist-constructivist debate provide a poor context for the examination of the temporal production of experiments and observations. (shrink)
It is almost universally presumed that knowledge is factive: in order to know that p it must be the case that p is true. This idea is often justified by appealing to knowledge ascriptions and related linguistic phenomena; i.e., an utterance of the form ‘S knows that p, but not-p’ sounds contradictory. In a recent article, Allan Hazlett argues that our ordinary concept of knowledge is not factive. From this it seems to follow that epistemologists cannot appeal to ordinary (...) language to justify the truth condition of knowledge. More significantly, Hazlett claims that epistemologists theorizing about knowledge should not concern themselves with the ordinary concept of knowledge as revealed by knowledge ascriptions and related linguistic phenomena. My paper has two goals: first, to defend the orthodox view that the ordinary concept of knowledge is factive; second, to undermine Hazlett’s claim that epistemologists should not theorize about knowledge on the basis of how ‘knows’ is used in everyday speech. (shrink)
Hanson claims that moral responsibility should be distributed among both the humans and artifacts comprising complex wholes that produce morally relevant outcomes in the world. I argue that this claim is not sufficiently supported. In particular, adopting a consequentialist understanding of morality does not by itself support the view that the existence of a causally necessary object in such a complex whole is sufficient for assigning moral responsibility to that object. Moreover, there are good reasons, both evolutionary and contemporary, for (...) not adopting this stance. (shrink) | <urn:uuid:e53d0767-63d8-4f90-9785-6478c5057940> | 2013-05-26T02:45:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.03515625,
-0.006317138671875,
0.013916015625,
-0.005218505859375,
0.0849609375,
-0.03466796875,
0.01397705078125,
0.1376953125,
-0.03662109375,
-0.019287109375,
0.068359375,
-0.0045166015625,
-0.09521484375,
0.048583984375,
0.03515625,
-0.01940917... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940454 | 2,265 | http://philpapers.org/s/Sarah%20Allan | 0.319736 |
First, there is no way to get the focal length from the aperture.
Your camera's max aperture is f/3.1 at 6.3mm and f/5.9 at 18.9mm - but there isn't anything that say the camera must use the max aperture, it's completely possible to use f/5.9 at 6.3mm - so there no relationship what so ever between the aperture used and the focal length.
Even if you force the camera to use the max aperture the relationship between the max aperture and the focal length is depended on the internal design of that camera's lens and there is not general formula that can help you.
And, just to make things even more impossible camera manufacturers don't publish the max aperture - focal length relationship because usually it just makes them look bad (the max aperture gets smaller faster than you would think).
Second, "in the real world" it's usually very easy to get the focal length, every digital camera I've ever owned from entry level point ans shoots all the way to may current DSLR always records the focal length in the EXIF data. | <urn:uuid:221668bc-5030-40b8-a729-6e67e673a30f> | 2013-05-26T02:42:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.08469387888908386,
0.016326529905200005,
0.0033801021054387093,
-0.02053571492433548,
0.017219386994838715,
-0.08673469722270966,
0.023979591205716133,
0.04770408198237419,
-0.013711734674870968,
-0.03750000149011612,
0.09744898229837418,
0.023979591205716133,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947581 | 230 | http://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/32439/is-it-possible-to-calculate-focal-length-if-you-know-the-aperture?answertab=active | 0.167584 |
The steps by which molecules in the primordial soup came together to form the genetic backbone of life are largely unknown. One approach to finding out is to artificially create basic life functions in the laboratory and consider if such conditions might have been possible in the Earth’s past. Writing in Physical Review Letters, Hubert Krammer and colleagues at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in Germany show they are able to drive the replication of segments of tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), the molecule responsible for translating genetic code into the production of specific proteins, using a purely thermal process.
Krammer et al. begin by rapidly cooling a solution of four halves of tRNA from high temperatures to so that the molecules form hairpins—a state where the strand forms a closed loop on itself, except for a snippet of a sequence of bases, called a “toe hold.” It is this toe hold, which, in principle, carries enough information to encode a protein, that the authors try to protect and replicate by using a thermal process to coax the hairpins to open and pair to a complementary strand. When Krammer et al. thermally cycle the solution between and , the energy stored in the hairpin (which prefers it to bind to a complementary pair instead of itself) compensates for the loss of entropy associated with the molecules pairing up with their partners.
This thermally driven process occurs on a relatively fast time scale of about seconds, an important factor since molecules need to replicate faster than they degrade. According to the authors, convection currents in prebiotic liquids could have provided the necessary quenching and thermal cycling. – Jessica Thomas | <urn:uuid:4667167f-2026-4584-834a-5892652dce7e> | 2013-05-26T03:09:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.03252550959587097,
-0.001933195162564516,
0.016262754797935486,
0.008490114472806454,
0.10331632941961288,
-0.06377550959587097,
0.007015306036919355,
0.09693877398967743,
-0.012755102477967739,
-0.03810586780309677,
0.047512754797935486,
0.002909757662564516,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929244 | 339 | http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/print/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.238104 | 0.244611 |
A Reisterstown woman was charged with making a false statement to police after an officer found a TV she said was stolen inside her apartment.
One local woman thought she could avoid paying for a rented television by telling police it was stolen. The problem? Police paid her a visit, and found the TV safe and sound at her apartment. Regina Ann Miller, 51, of the 200 block of Cork Lane in Reisterstown, was arrested and charged with making a false statement after reporting a burglary to officers at the Baltimore County Police Franklin Precinct No. 3. “It became clear that she was concocting the story to avoid payment on a TV that she had rented,” according to a press release. “An officer met her at her home and found the TV inside her apartment, plugged in and with dust on it.”
Police plan to file charges against the woman who made the report.
Baltimore County police said that they plan to file charges against a woman who made a false report of a home invasion and armed robbery. Police investigated a report of a home invasion and armed robbery Friday in Pikesville but later found that report to be false, police Sgt. Jay Landsman said. A resident of the 8900 block of Stone Creek Place reported that, between noon and 3 p.m., Friday, a man entered her home through an unlocked, front bedroom window and demanded cash, according to a police account. The woman identified the man, Landsman said Monday. She also told police he pointed a handgun at her and took some jewelry and other items and left through the front door, police said. "After further investigation, it was found to be a … | <urn:uuid:d8afc2e6-4f22-4d27-b98a-dacdd59bbf35> | 2013-05-26T02:48:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.02041330561041832,
0.018313171342015266,
-0.0008820564253255725,
0.005838373675942421,
0.1041666641831398,
-0.01713709719479084,
-0.002373151946812868,
0.07157257944345474,
-0.045026883482933044,
-0.007140457164496183,
0.06418010592460632,
0.04704301059246063,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983692 | 341 | http://pikesville.patch.com/topics/false+report | 0.244896 |
dave at thesmithfam.org
Mon Jan 14 00:59:20 MST 2008
Michael L Torrie wrote:
> I'm heavily biased, but I think Python is a good candidate for embedded
> applications. This isn't exactly embedded in my opinion, but the OLPC
> is almost exclusively written in python and it works well in a
> limited-resource environment. I think Python's memory use is a bit more
> deterministic than perl's (based on the other comments in this thread).
I used to think that too, but you had better have a good cache, because
otherwise, it'll take 2+ seconds just to start the interpreter. At least
it does on of my embedded devices, and that's with a 150MHz CPU.
More information about the PLUG | <urn:uuid:42452ed6-7b5d-4563-902e-800ac1fd3e45> | 2013-05-26T02:56:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.05202513933181763,
0.010693086311221123,
0.044518157839775085,
-0.0039498950354754925,
0.05551676079630852,
-0.04993016645312309,
0.005171962082386017,
0.08729050308465958,
-0.03910614550113678,
-0.030202513560652733,
0.013617318123579025,
0.03439245745539665,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943598 | 170 | http://plug.org/pipermail/plug/2008-January/015998.html | 0.337694 |
When Ash and his friends arrived at the Grapefruit Islands, they discovered that a Snorlax was eating every grapefruit in the orchards. Eventually, the group, with help from Jigglypuff, managed to stop Snorlax and Ash as well managed to catch it.
Snorlax remained on Ash's team right up until the Orange League final, where it had to be switched with one of Ash's Tauros because it would not wake up. After Ash won the Orange League, he left Snorlax at Prof. Oak's lab on a permanent basis, as he could no longer fuel its large appetite.
In Ring Masters, Ash used Snorlax in the Sumo Conference and it ended up winning. Later on, in Better Eight Than Never, Ash used Snorlax against Clair's Kingdra and it won the battle. During the Johto League, Ash used Snorlax in his battle against his long-term rival Gary Oak. Snorlax defeated Gary's Nidoqueen and Arcanine before being defeated by Gary's Scizor. Snorlax was also used in Ash's next battle against Harrison and defeated his Steelix and Hypno, but was knocked out by Harrison's Houndoom.
Upon Ash's return from Hoenn, along with May and Max, Snorlax made fast friends with May's Munchlax, possibly because of their evolutionary relation. In Wheel of Frontier, Ash used Snorlax in his battle against Greta. Snorlax managed to defeat her Hariyama with an Ice Punch attack and her Medicham with Body Slam.
Snorlax reappeared in An Old Family Blend, where it had gone missing from its Poké Ball, like Ash's other Pokémon. Snorlax was found in the kitchen eating food. Ash tried to use it to battle Team Rocket, but it refused to wake up and accidentally tipped over Team Rocket's mechanic. Snorlax was shown defeating an unknown Trainer's Grumpig with Body Slam during the Sinnoh League.
Snorlax will reappear at the lab with all of Ash's other Pokemon in an upcoming episode of Best Wishes Season 2.
|Body Slam +||Snack Attack|
|Mega Kick||Snack Attack|
|Mega Punch||Bound For Trouble|
|Hyper Beam||Pokémon Food Fight!|
|Ice Punch||Better Eight Than Never|
|Tackle||The Right Place and the Right Mime|
|Harden||Wheel of Frontier|
|Rest||Wheel of Frontier|
|+ indicates this Pokémon used this move recently.*|
- indicates this Pokémon normally can't use this move. | <urn:uuid:bacf7836-a944-4a37-aa50-e34d7044a0fd> | 2013-05-26T02:42:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0023651123046875,
0.0021820068359375,
-0.005035400390625,
0.0140380859375,
0.064453125,
-0.01397705078125,
-0.01214599609375,
0.10009765625,
0.0128173828125,
-0.07763671875,
0.046630859375,
0.03173828125,
-0.0279541015625,
-0.0189208984375,
0.04296875,... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965544 | 563 | http://pokemon.wikia.com/wiki/Ash's_Snorlax | 0.65237 |
Interesting question. imo Dragon Tail is a better option however.
Serperior can probably take a neutral hit relatively easily due to it's decent defences, meaning the recoil from Giga Impact isn't as hindering. However, Normal moves provide no coverage whatsoever other than hitting the opponent neutrally, meaning a powerful but non-STAB Normal move isn't as effective as possible. Dragon Tail is great for getting rid of the opponent's Pokemon for a while, though it's -6 priority means Serperior's good Speed is put to waste. However it is a better move than Giga Impact due to coverage reasons and effect, and ingame Dragon Tail beats Giga Impact. | <urn:uuid:117daef3-507a-4f8b-8bd9-76588323bea8> | 2013-05-26T02:49:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.012052210047841072,
0.01867378130555153,
0.0287728663533926,
-0.0007979230140335858,
0.016006097197532654,
-0.06859756261110306,
-0.0006966939545236528,
0.09489329159259796,
-0.0034536966122686863,
-0.07736280560493469,
0.05106707289814949,
0.037538111209869385,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973089 | 141 | http://pokemondb.net/pokebase/110330/dragon-tail-or-giga-impact-for-my-serperior?show=110332 | 0.407123 |
The infamous barber of Seville has finally found himself a bride!
There’s just one little problem. Seems the Count has his eyes on her as well. And so Figaro vows that if the Count wants to “dance,” it will be he—Figaro—who plays the tune.
And what a tune it is!
Mozart takes us on a whirlwind ride—a madcap frenzy of disguises, mistaken identities and general mayhem—catapulting us to one of the most touching conclusions ever, a joyous finale that celebrates our amazing capacity for tenderness, trust and forgiveness.
Sung in Italian with English translations projected above the stage.
Figaro, former barber of Seville, measures the room he will occupy after his marriage to Susanna. Both are in the service of Count Almaviva, and when Susanna warns her fiancé that the Count has given them this room near his own because he has designs on her, Figaro vows to outwit his master ("Se vuol ballare"). After they leave, Dr. Bartolo, the Countess’ onetime guardian and suitor, arrives with his housekeeper, Marcellina. Bartolo is eager for revenge on Figaro, whose machinations caused him to lose his ward to Almaviva. Knowing that Figaro once gave Marcellina his promise of marriage as collateral on a loan, Bartolo persuades her to foreclose ("La vendetta") and leaves. When Susanna returns, she trades insults with her would-be rival ("Via resti servita"), who storms out. The skirt-chasing page Cherubino steals in, begging Susanna's protection from the Count, who has caught him flirting with Barbarina, the gardener's daughter. After pouring out his amorous enthusiasm ("Non so più"), he hides as the Count enters to woo Susanna. Interrupted by the arrival of the music master, Don Basilio, the Count in turn hides, but he steps forward when Basilio hints that Cherubino has a crush on the Countess. Just as the Count discovers the hapless Cherubino, Figaro brings in a group of peasants to salute their lord for abolishing the droit du seigneur, an old custom giving the local landowner the first night with any bride among his retainers. Feigning good will, the Count drafts Cherubino into his regiment. Figaro teases the boy about his new military life ("Non più andrai").
In her boudoir, the Countess laments the waning of her husband's love ("Porgi, amor"). When Figaro and Susanna arrive with news of the Count's machinations, the three plot to chasten him. Cherubino, disguised as Susanna, will keep an assignation with the Count. When Figaro leaves, the page comes to serenade the Countess with a song of his own composition ("Voi che sapete"). While dressing the boy in girl's clothes, Susanna goes out for a ribbon, and the Count knocks, furious to find the door barred. The Countess locks Cherubino in a closet before admitting her husband. The jealous Count hears a noise; the Countess insists it's Susanna, but he doesn't believe her. Taking his wife with him, he goes to fetch tools to force the lock. Susanna, who has slipped in unnoticed during their confrontation, helps Cherubino out a window and takes his place in the closet, baffling both Count and Countess when they return. As the Count tries to make amends, the gardener, Antonio, appears, complaining that someone has stepped in his flower bed. Figaro, arriving to say the wedding ceremony is ready to begin, claims it was he who jumped from the window and fakes a twisted ankle. When the Count asks him about a paper found among the geraniums, Figaro, prompted by the women, correctly identifies it as Cherubino's commission. Bartolo and Basilio burst in with Marcellina to press her claims against Figaro. The Count gladly postpones the wedding, pledging to judge the case himself.
At the Countess’ prompting, Susanna promises the Count a rendezvous ("Crudel! perchè finora"), but his suspicions are aroused when he overhears her assuring Figaro that the case is won. Enraged, he vows revenge ("Vedrò, mentr'io sospiro"). Alone, the Countess hopes to revive her husband's love ("Dove sono"). Marcellina now demands that Figaro pay his debt or marry her, but a birthmark proves he is her long-lost son by Bartolo, and the parents call off their suit, confounding the Count ("Riconosci in questo amplesso"). The conspiracy continues: the Countess dictates a note from Susanna, inviting the Count to the garden ("Che soave zeffiretto"). Peasants, among them Cherubino, disguised as a girl, bring flowers to their lady. Figaro arrives, and, as the wedding ceremony at last takes place, Susanna slips the note, sealed with a pin, to the Count.
The pin is meant to accompany the Count's reply, but Barbarina, his messenger, has lost it in the dusky garden ("L'ho perduta, me meschina"). She explains her predicament to Figaro, who, unaware of the ladies' latest plot, thinks Susanna has betrayed him. He gives Barbarina another pin, planning to ambush his bride with the Count, then turns to his mother, Marcellina, for comfort. The crafty Basilio says it pays to play the fool. Figaro, left alone, curses women for their duplicity ("Aprite un po'"), then hides when Susanna appears, rhapsodizing on her love for Figaro without naming him ("Deh vieni"). Figaro is beside himself, assuming her serenade is meant for the Count. Susanna and the Countess secretly exchange dresses, and in the darkness both Cherubino and the Count woo the Countess, thinking her to be Susanna ("Pian, pianin le andrò più presso"). Figaro at last perceives the joke and gets even by wooing Susanna in her Countess disguise, provoking and then pacifying her. When the Count returns, he sees Figaro flirting with what appears to be the Countess. He calls the whole company to witness his judgment but is silenced when the real Countess appears and reveals the ruse. She grants the Count's plea for forgiveness ("Contessa, perdono"), and everyone celebrates.
THE ORIGINS OF MOZART’S THE MARRIAGE OF FIGARO
“My subject enlarges itself, becomes methodized and defined, and the whole, though it be long, stands almost complete and finished in my mind, so that I can survey it, like a fine picture or a beautiful statue, at a glance.”
—Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Of all Mozart’s operas, The Marriage of Figaro stands as one of the most beloved for modern audiences, but its road to production was fraught with peril and court intrigue.
After Mozart left the employ of the Archbishop of Salzburg, a foot planted squarely in his rump by the disgruntled Father’s valet, he traveled to Vienna and the court of the urbane and music-loving Emperor Josef II. Here, Mozart felt sure, his talent would be recognized and he would have little trouble supporting his young family. Unfortunately, he had not counted on the animosity of the firmly entrenched Italian musical establishment in the Emperor’s court. Chief among Mozart’s ready-made enemies was Court Conductor Antonio Salieri, who, despite his characterization in the movie Amadeus, was hardly Mozart’s murderer. Salieri was, however, a savvy, ambitious politician, eager to protect his position and influence from the upstart Mozart. By every means at his disposal, Salieri attempted to thwart Mozart’s operatic ambitions.
Although Mozart succeeded in having his opera The Abduction from the Seraglio produced to wild acclaim, the German language theater for which it was written had folded, and the Emperor’s tastes, no doubt influenced by Salieri and his Italian contingent, shifted back to Italian-style operas. Mozart was effectively shut out of the opera scene.
Meanwhile, Court Poet Lorenzo da Ponte had suffered a massive setback with the failure of his libretto for an opera by none other than Court Conductor Salieri. Da Ponte was blamed for the unfortunate reception of the opera and found himself at loose ends – until he remembered that Herr Mozart was a composer desperately in need of a librettist. Da Ponte offered his services to Mozart, who gratefully accepted them. Immediately, Mozart suggested a libretto drawn from Beaumarchais’ seditious 1784 play, Le Mariage de Figaro.
Of Beaumarchais and his play, Napoleon said, “If I had been a king, a man such as he would have been locked up … The Marriage of Figaro is already the Revolution in action.” Beaumarchais went toe to toe with Louis XVI to have his play produced, amid such controversy that Josef II banned a German translation from performance in Austria. Josef II was generally considered a progressive monarch, so his prohibition of Figaro is indicative of its contentious nature.
A twenty-first century audience may shrug their shoulders in bemusement over such a visceral reaction to a play that merely contains ideas about equality that we take for granted, but in pre-revolutionary France, Figaro was seditious at best and revolutionary at worst. Within this play, Beaumarchais challenges the privilege of the patriciate as a right of birth, calls out female inequality as an economic and societal ill, and lampoons politicians as lack-wits and thieves. Some of his concepts were so disturbing at the time that his actors refused to speak his lines. His language was peppered with the liberalities of the Enlightenment later adopted by the Third Estate, the rabble who caused the French Revolution – all carefully couched in “harmless” comedy. Whereas Enlightenment philosophers Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot were safely encapsulated in conveniently inaccessible texts, Beaumarchais’ play was available to the theater-going public and, therefore, threatened Louis XVI. Paradoxically, when Louis banned the play, he found himself at loggerheads with the very aristocracy he was protecting. Beaumarchais was a darling of the French Court, a spy for the French king, and a gunrunner for the American Revolution. His play Barbiere de Seville had been brilliantly received and the King was attempting to deny a showing of his latest marvel. After two years of machinations that would have made Figaro blush, Beaumarchais succeeded in mounting his play. Little did the nobility know that their thunderous applause for Beaumarchais’ merry comedy heralded the beginning of their demise. Figaro opened on April 27, 1784. Angry Parisians took the Bastille on July 14, 1789.
And this was the play Mozart wanted to set to music in 1785. To think such a choice an accident would be naive. Although Da Ponte masterfully excluded Beaumarchais’ most inflammatory rhetoric and relocated the action into a purely human realm, both he and Mozart were children of the Enlightenment, and it is undeniable that Figaro triumphs (with liberal female assistance) in trumping Count Almaviva. The first hurdle to production was the Emperor. Evidently, Mozart’s sublime music convinced His Highness to set aside his reservations as to content, because he ordered the piece into rehearsals. However, Mozart was not about to convince the Italians with his music, and Salieri and his followers immediately began a concerted effort to keep Figaro out of the opera house.
The first shot fired in this battle came in the form of two newly completed operas by Salieri and Righini. Since these operas were also finished, and since Salieri was the Court Conductor, did it not make sense that his opera be produced before Figaro? The Italians began to subtly manipulate situations until the company’s prima donnas were actively supporting Salieri’s opera. According to Michael O’Kelly, a staunch friend of Mozart’s and the tenor who created the roles of Basilio and Don Curzio, Mozart allies quickly polarized the theater until Josef II had to step in and issue a mandate for Figaro to be instantly put into rehearsal.
Undaunted by this setback, Rosenberg, the theater’s impresario and Salieri’s ally, next objected to the insertion of a ballet in the opera, a French convention forbidden by Josef II in his theater. Unfortunately, the “ballet” is integral to Figaro’s plot, setting up the last act. Da Ponte refused to remove it even when Rosenberg burned that section of the score. Not content that Rosenberg should have the last word, Da Ponte invited Josef to rehearsals. Presented with a mute Susanna and Count madly gesticulating on a silent stage, the Emperor inquired in all innocence what was meant. The poet was immediately summoned, and Da Ponte dutifully presented his manuscript containing the omitted music. His Majesty asked why the dances had not been included. Rosenberg was forced to point out that His Majesty had banned the ballet in his theater.
Da Ponte won his point and the ballet was reinstated, but Salieri had one last trick up his sleeve. On opening night the singers, allied with the Italians, purposely missed cues, sang either off-key or the wrong notes and “forgot” lines, effectively destroying the first act. Once again, Josef II came to the rescue, sending word backstage that the theater’s future depended on the success of Figaro.
Mozart and Da Ponte were victorious. Although Figaro had only nine performances in its first run, Mozart and Da Ponte went on to write Don Giovanni and Così fan tutte together. No longer were Mozart’s operatic ambitions hindered and the fruits of his labors continue to grace the stage to this day.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
"Neither a lofty degree of intelligence, nor imagination, nor both together go to the making of genius. Love, love, love, that is the soul of genius.”
—Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is arguably the greatest musician the world has ever known. With his most influential contemporaries of the classical period, Haydn and Beethoven, he brought the classical style to its height, and only he wrote successfully and prodigiously in all of the musical genres known at his time.
Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, on January 27, 1756. He began studying the harpsichord early, taught by his father, Leopold, an eminent musician in his own right. He taught himself some of the pieces in his sister’s music books at four years old. The boy possessed a phenomenal capacity to assimilate everything taught to him.
At age six, Mozart’s father began to tour him to the various music centers of Europe as a child prodigy performer. Often “tested” by prominent musicians in each of the cities he toured, the child Mozart was never known to be wrong. He could, blindfolded, name any note played on the piano. He remembered that family friend, J. A. Schachtner’s violin was tuned an eighth tone lower than his own, and once he picked up a second violin part and played it perfectly at sight. At that time, Mozart had never taken a violin lesson.
Expanding on his prowess as the performing child prodigy, Mozart began to compose. He wrote minuets when he was five, a sonata at seven, and a symphony at eight. In Vienna, in 1768, the Austrian Emperor commissioned him to write an opera, but the work Mozart composed, La finta semplice (The Pretend Simpleton), was not presented because the artists at the opera house refused to participate in an opera composed by a child! He was only 12 years old.
Mozart continued to compose a great variety of musical compositions as he matured, all of his work demonstrating exceptional genius. But as he became an adult, the public became less fascinated with him as a performer, and his genius as a composer was not yet recognized. During his life, his critics always felt his music to be “audacious, too highly flavored … too complex for the average listener to follow.” As a result, he always had to struggle to support himself and his family.
The operatic works which achieved the greatest success at their premieres, The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni, were written with librettist Lorenzo da Ponte. The third product of this collaboration, Così fan tutte, was considered a failure in its own time but enjoys considerable popularity in opera houses around the world today.
In addition to myriad pieces for the concert platform, Mozart completed 25 works for the stage, including serenatas, intermezzi, operettas, comedies and plays with music. He was the first to create important operas employing texts set in the German language: The Abduction from the Seraglio and The Magic Flute. His Italian operas (written in collaboration with da Ponte) have influenced the composition of music written for the stage ever since.
Mozart continued his awesome creative output in spite of poverty and failing health. He died in Vienna on December 5, 1791, at the age of 35. Much rumor and intrigue surround the circumstances of his death.
Today, Mozart’s influence and genius are undisputed. Waves of Mozart scholarship flood us with available information and interpretation. Luckily, we need only listen to the wonderful sweetness and humanity of his music to know his brilliance first hand in its purity.
Previously at Portland Opera: Leporello, Don Giovanni, 2006; Lord Sidney, The Journey To Reims, 2004
American bass-baritone Daniel Mobbs has won praise on both sides of the Atlantic for his "solid, resonant voice and boundless energy ... his stage presence virtually ensured that he was the focal point of nearly every scene in which he appeared," as written in The New York Times.
To read the rest of Daniel Mobb's biography, visit his website.
Previously at Portland Opera: Title Role, Rodelinda, 2008
American soprano Jennifer Aylmer has developed a sterling reputation for her beautiful voice, compelling stage portrayals, and impeccable musicianship. The New York Times has hailed her for her, “awesome accuracy,” while The Chicago Sun-Times has recommended that listeners, “bask in the aural delight of Aylmer’s dazzling shifts from regal command to cool insouciance and fatally attractive seduction.” The 2010-2011 season sees Ms. Aylmer returning to the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, with Baritone Randall Scarlata, and Pianist Laura Ward in their Tin Pan Alley concert, and pairing with Mr. Scarlata again for a program of Menotti and Barber in Westchester, PA. She also returns to direct at Stony Brook University for “Scenes of Youth, and Innocence Lost”, and makes her Kansas City Symphony debut as soloist in Messiah. This season also marks her debut with the Spoleto Festival (USA), singing Monica in The Medium. Additional upcoming engagements include a return to Portland Opera as Susanna in Le nozze di Figaro, performances of Despina in Cosí fan tutte for Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, and several solo concerts.
To read the rest of Pamela Armstrong's biography, visit her website.
Previously at Portland Opera: Title Role, Don Giovanni, 2006
American bass-baritone David Pittsinger is renowned as a stage performer of the greatest distinction for his portrayals in the world’s major opera houses. He made his Metropolitan Opera debut as Truelove in a new production of The Rake's Progress conducted by James Levine. His performances in Britten’s Death in Venice and Handel’s Orlando soon won him further acclaim. Of his performance as Zoroastro, Marion Lignana Rosenberg of Opera News wrote, “A towering presence both physically and vocally … bass-baritone David Pittsinger … came across as a grand lord of the starry realms.”
To read the rest of David Pittsinger's biography, visit his website.
Previously at Portland Opera: Olympia/Antonia/Giulietta/Stella's voice, The Tales of Hoffmann, 2003
American soprano Pamela Armstrong has been praised for performances with many of the world's leading operatic theaters including the Metropolitan Opera, Opéra National de Paris, Hamburg State Opera, Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, Théâtre du Capitole, Teatro Regio Torino, Houston Grand Opera, New York City Opera and at the Glyndebourne Festival. Ms. Amstrong has been widely acclaimed for an impressively broad repertoire spanning from the title role of Handel's Alcina to Donna Anna in Mozart's Don Giovanni and Contessa Almaviva in Le nozze di Figaro to Violetta in La traviata and Mimi in La bohème, as well as Magda in La rondine, the title role in Richard Strauss’s Arabella, the Countess in Capriccio and Tatyana in Tchaikovsky’s Eugene Onegin.
To read the rest of Pamela Armstrong's biography, visit her website.
Rapidly gaining increasing attention for her “vibrant mezzo-soprano and generous presence” (New York Magazine), American mezzo-soprano Jennifer Holloway made her European debut in the 2006/7 season at the Teatro Regio di Parma and the Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris as the Baroness Aspasia in Rossini’s La Pietra del Paragone. The 2007/8 season included her debuts with the Teatro Real, Madrid as Irene in Tamerlano, with Bordeaux Opera as Idamante in Idomeneo, both new productions, and, in the summer of 2008, with Glyndebourne Festival Opera as Hansel in Laurent Pelly’s new production of Hansel & Gretel. Other European engagements include Diane in Hippolyte et Aricie in Toulouse under Emmanuelle Haïm, Meg in the new production of Falstaff with Glyndebourne Festival Opera, Dorabella in Cosi fan Tutte in Brest, France under Jean-Christophe Spinosi and Page in Salome at the Teatro Real, Madrid.
To read the rest of Jennifer Holloway's biography, visit her website.
Previously at Portland Opera: Osmin in The Abduction from the Seraglio (2005); Daland in The Flying Dutchman (1994).
A winner of the Metropolitan Opera, Liederkranz, Opera Index and Sullivan competitions and featured by Opera News as a 'Singer to “Keep Your Eye On'”, Kurt Link has earned a reputation as one of America’s finest basses, both in opera and oratorio.
Mr. Link has won critical acclaim for a repertoire that has embraced major operatic roles from Purcell to Henze, and from Mozart to Wagner. He has sung Baron Ochs, Daland, Figaro, Leporello, Osmin, Sarastro, Ramfis, Raimondo, Colline, Mephistopheles and other major bass roles with companies such as the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, Lyric Opera of Chicago, La Monnaie (Brussels), Santa Fe Opera, Houston Grand Opera, Washington Opera, Dublin Grand Opera, Florida Grand Opera, Canadian Opera Company, Atlanta Opera, New Israeli Opera, the opera companies of Portland, Minnesota, Michigan, St. Louis, Utah, Arizona, Edmonton and the opera festivals of Chautauqua, Wexford (Ireland), Hong Kong, Wolf Trap, Glimmerglass and Spoleto.
To read the rest of Kurt Link's biography, visit his website:
Previously at Portland Opera: Bianca in The Rape of Lucretia (2005); Teobaldo in Don Carlo (1994).
Highlights: Title role in Carmen, Maddalena in Rigoletto, Javotte in Manon, Innskeeper’s Daughter in Koenigskinder, La Ciesca in Gianni Schicchi, Mistress of Novices in Suor Angelica, Second Lady in The Magic Flute, Pernile in Maskarade (Syracuse Opera); Gianetta in The Elixir of Love (Opera Festival of New Jersey); Mercedes in Carmen (Aspen Music Festival); Second Lady in The Magic Flute (Opera Boston).
Previously at Portland Opera: Mr. Upfold in Albert Herring (2008); Giove/Eumete in The Return of Ulysses (2006); Zefirino in The Journey to Reims (2004); Basilio in The Marriage of Figaro and Pang in Turandot (2003); Oreste in La Belle Hélène (2001); Pong in Turandot (1996).
Highlights: Don Basilio in The Marriage of Figaro (Houston Grand Opera, Utah Opera); Howard Boucher in Dead Man Walking, Haushofmeister in Ariadne auf Naxos, Schoolmaster/Mosquito in The Cunning Little Vixen, The Simpleton in Boris Godunov, Il Maestro di Ballo in Manon, Lescaut, Monostatos in The Magic Flute (Houston Grand Opera); Red Whiskers in Billy Budd (Washington Opera); Pong in Turandot (Opera Omaha); Don Curzio in The Marriage of Figaro (Los Angeles Opera); Andreas/Spalanzani/Franz/Pitichinaccio in The Tales of Hoffman, Snake/Vain Man in The Little Prince and The Witch in Hansel And Gretel (Tulsa Opera); Tybalt in Roméo Et Juliette, Pong in Turandot (Opera Carolina); Don Curzio in The Marriage of Figaro (Dallas Opera); The Four Servants in The Tales of Hoffman (Fort Worth Opera); Goro in Madama Butterfly (San Francisco Opera, Opera de Montreal, Utah Opera); Seven Deadly Sins (Oregon Symphony).
Upcoming: A Sheperd in Tristan und Isolde (Houston Grand Opera).
Previously at Portland Opera: Torquemada in L’Heure Espagnole, Reporter in Orphée (2009); Emperor Altoum in Turandot (2011)
Acclaimed by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer as "a singer of unquestioned dramatic gifts and vocal polish," Carl Halvorson is in demand internationally as a concert, opera and recital artist.
Since his auspicious debut under the sponsorship of Young Concerts Artist, Mr. Halvorson has given over eighty solo recitals in America and in Europe. He has appeared at Carnegie Hall, Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall, Wigmore Hall (Songmaker's Almanac), the Concertgebouw, New York's Tisch Center for the Arts at the 92nd Street Y, the National Gallery in Washington D.C. and the Gold Medal Artist Series at Ambassador Hall in Los Angeles. He has also performed at the festivals of Spoleto, Aspen, Tanglewood, Aldeburgh, Bergen International, the Newport Music Festival, the Carmel and Oregon Bach Festivals and the Grant Park Festival, and he has sung with notable choral groups including Oratorio Society of New York, Cathedral Choral Arts Society in Washington DC and the Baltimore Choral Arts Society. Mr. Halvorson has also had the distinction of participating in the 75th Birthday Tribute Recital in New York for the American composer Ned Rorem.
With a repertoire that extends from Haydn and Mozart to Britten and Honegger, Carl Halvorson is in high demand on the concert stage. The tenor has performed with many major orchestras including the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, the Dallas Symphony, the Indianapolis Symphony, the Israel Philharmonic, the New York Philharmonic, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Oregon Symphony, the Phoenix Symphony, the Florida Philharmonic, and the Saito Kinen Orchestra. He has performed under the batons of distinguished conductors such as James DePreist, Charles Dutoit, Claus Peter Flor, Raymond Leppard, Kurt Masur, Nicholas McGegen, John Nelson, Seiji Ozawa, Helmuth Rilling, Gabor Hollerung, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, George Hanson, Tonu Kalam, Grant Llewellyn and Hugh Wolff. Orchestral highlights performed by the tenor comprise Mendelssohn's Elijah and Die Erste Walpurgisnacht, Honegger's King David and Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher, Beethoven's Missa Solemnis and the Symphony No 9, Mozart's Mass in C Major and Requiem, Dvorak's Dimitri, and Rachmaninoff's The Bells. Other works include Handel's Saul, the Messiah which Mr. Halvorson has sung with numerous orchestras coast-to-coast, and Handel's Judas Maccabaeus sung with the Bach Society of St. Louis and the Berkshire Choral Festival. Mr. Halvorson has also performed Stravinsky's Les Noces along with the composer's In Memoriam Dylan Thomas, and he recently added Orff's Carmina Burana to his repertoire in engagements with the Bangor Symphony (ME), the Acadiana Symphony Orchestra (LA) and with the Oratorio Society of New York at Carnegie Hall. Mr. Halvorson gave the American premiere of the Shostakovich Suite on Finnish Folk Tunes with the Boston Symphony Orchestra and recently performed the Dvorák Requiem with the Florida Orchestra.
Heralded for his performances of the works of Benjamin Britten, Mr. Halvorson was invited to give the U.S. premiere of Britten's The World of the Spirit at Carnegie Hall. Also in concert, he performed Britten's St. Nicholas, the War Requiem, and the composer's Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings, which he toured throughout the United States with the Orpheus Chamber Ensemble and reprised with the Bilbao Symphony Orchestra in Spain. Britten operatic engagements include The Rape of Lucretia and The Turn of the Screw at Berkshire Opera, and The Turn of the Screw with the Fort Worth Opera and The Minnesota Opera. Writing of his performance as Peter Quint, Alan Kozinn of The New York Times said, "Carl Halvorson was a magnificent Quint. Physically and vocally agile, he moved easily through the serpentine coils of Britten's music, toying with coloration and vocal weight to make Quint what he must be: alluring and grotesque in equal measure." The tenor has also appeared with the Boston Lyric Opera, the Opera Theatre of St. Louis, and the Washington National Opera. Mr. Halvorson recently toured to London's Barbican Centre where he performed the title role in Philip Glass's opera Galileo Galilei. This past spring he traveled to Japan at the invitation of Seiji Ozawa to cover the role of Aegesth in the Tokyo Opera Nomori production of Elektra and returns to Tokyo to cover Elijah.
An active recording artist, Mr. Halvorson's performance of Haydn's Creation was recorded on the Newport Classics label, as was his performance of Cherubini's Médée at Alice Tully Hall. For BMG Classics, he has recorded Paul Bowles's The Wind Remains with EOS Music. His lieder recording Despite and Still, with pianist Susan Almasi, is available on the Musical Heritage Society label.
Previously at Portland Opera: Junius in The Rape of Lucretia (2005).
Highlights: Pooh-Bah in The Mikado, Fredrick in A Little Night Music (Mocks Crest Productions); Coffee Man in Too Much Coffee Man the Opera (Astoria Music Festival); title role in Don Giovanni, Dr. Falke in Die Fledermaus, The Count in The Marriage of Figaro (The Muses Creative Artistry Project); Count Danilo in The Merry Widow (Vancouver Symphony); Bartolo in The Barber of Seville (Obsidian Opera); Marques in La Traviata, Figaro in The Barber of Seville, Dr. Dulcamara in The Elixir of Love (Portland Summerfest); Dr. Dulcamara in The Elixir of Love, Don Magnifico in Cinderella, Papageno in The Magic Flute (Portland Opera To Go); Gaston in Beauty and the Beast (Pixie Dust Productions).
Upcoming: Gaston in Beauty and the Beast (Pixie Dust Productions); Peter in Hansel and Gretel (Portland Opera To Go).
Previously at Portland Opera: Soprano solist in Big Night Concert
Described as “sparkling” by Opera News, American soprano Lindsay Ohse is making several house debuts this season, including the lead role of Marie in La Fille du Regiment at Wichita Grand Opera, and as Barbarina in Le Nozze di Figaro and Maria Celeste in Galileo Galilei by Philip Glass with Portland Opera. She will also be returning to Des Moines Metro Opera this summer as a principal artist to sing Constance in Dialogues of the Carmelites. This season also included appearances at Sarasota Opera as Viclinda in Verdi's rarely performed I Lombardi and Ann Putnam in The Crucible.
The 2010 season began with her mainstage debut in Die Zauberflöte at the Sarasota Opera, where she “delivered the Queen of the Night's arias with panache" according to the Wall Street Journal. She then participated in the prestigious Santa Fe Opera young artist program, again having the opportunity to sing Queen of the Night, and she was rewarded for her work in Santa Fe with the 2010 Agnes M. Canning Award.
To learn more about Lindsay Ohse, visit her website
Previously at Portland Opera: Hansel and Gretel, 2010 The Magic Flute, 2007
With performances that have been called poetic, earthy, vigorous and highly individual, conductor Ari Pelto is increasingly in demand both as an operatic and symphonic conductor. Since his debut conducting Verdi's La traviata, he has been engaged as a regular guest conductor at New York City Opera, leading the company in performances of Madama Butterfly, Carmen, and La bohème. Other recent engagements have included La bohème and Rusalka with Boston Lyric Opera; Roméo et Juliette with Minnesota Opera; Carmen and The Cunning Little Vixen with Chautauqua Opera; and Die Zauberflöte and Hansel and Gretel with Portland Opera.
To read the rest of Ari Pelto's biography, visit his website.
Stephen Lawless was Director of Production for the Glyndebourne Touring Opera from 1986 to 1991, where his work culminated in an immensely successful production of Death in Venice, which was subsequently recorded by the BBC for television and video release. The production was revived at the 1992 Glyndebourne Festival.
To read the rest of Stephen Lawless' biography, visit his website. | <urn:uuid:2d369a58-a2dc-4b3d-9bfd-51a17ab0837a> | 2013-05-26T02:49:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0020904541015625,
0.015869140625,
-0.006927490234375,
0.015625,
0.11181640625,
-0.011474609375,
-0.0035247802734375,
0.12451171875,
-0.0279541015625,
-0.06298828125,
0.05517578125,
-0.005584716796875,
-0.01116943359375,
-0.01104736328125,
0.05639648437... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949563 | 7,603 | http://portlandopera.org/operas/2011-2012/marriage-figaro | 0.198274 |
When the Manchu ruled China during the Qing Dynasty, certain social strata emerged. Among them were the Banners, mostly Manchu, who as a group were called Banner People.
Manchu women typically wore a one-piece dress that came to be known as the cheongsam. The qipao fitted loosely and hung straight down the body. You can pull on cheongsam of PLUS SIZE DRESSES Under the dynastic laws after 1644, all Han Chinese were forced to wear a queue and dress in Manchurian qipao instead of traditional Han Chinese clothing, under penalty of death. In the following 300 years, the qipao became the adopted clothing of the Chinese (though it cannot be considered as the traditional dress of Chinese, as it was forced upon them), and was eventually tailored to suit the preferences of the population. Such was its popularity that the garment form survived the political turmoil of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing Dynasty. Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance for which silk is prized comes from the fibers' triangular prism-like structure which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles. "Wild silks" are produced by caterpillars other than the mulberry silkworm and can be artificially cultivated. A variety of wild silks have been known and used in China, South Asia, and Europe since early times, but the scale of production was always far smaller than that of cultivated silks. They differ from the domesticated varieties in color and texture, and cocoons gathered in the wild usually have been damaged by the emerging moth before the cocoons are gathered, so the silk thread that makes up the cocoon has been torn into shorter lengths. Commercially reared silkworm pupae are killed by dipping them in boiling water before the adult moths emerge, or by piercing them with a needle, allowing the whole cocoon to be unraveled as one continuous thread. This permits a much stronger cloth to be woven from the silk. Wild silks also tend to be more difficult to dye than silk from the cultivated silkworm. We can PLUS SIZE DRESSES for you | <urn:uuid:6f89fcf0-c3ef-4ca1-b24f-2f378b39b848> | 2013-05-26T02:33:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0263671875,
0.021728515625,
-0.00677490234375,
0.01458740234375,
0.08984375,
-0.06201171875,
-0.009521484375,
0.10791015625,
-0.00555419921875,
-0.0250244140625,
0.0654296875,
0.01953125,
-0.00274658203125,
0.007049560546875,
0.012939453125,
-0.01... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976877 | 487 | http://prettyladygirl.com/100-pure-silk-long-scarf-3639 | 0.407315 |
What is API?
API is an interface that allows software programs to interact with each other. It defines a set of rules that should be followed by the programs to communicate with each other. APIs generally specify how the routines, data structures, etc. should be defined in order for two applications to communicate. APIs differ in the functionality provided by them. There are general APIs that provide library functionalities of a programming language such as the Java API. There are also APIs that provides specific functionalities such as the Google Maps API. There are also language dependent APIs, which could only be used by a specific programming language. Furthermore, there are language independent APIs that could be used with several programming languages. APIs needs to be implemented very carefully by exposing only the required functionality or data to the outside, while keeping the other parts of the application inaccessible. Usage of APIs has become very popular in the internet. It has become very common to allow some of the functionality and data through an API to the outside on the Web. This functionality can be combined to offer an improved functionality to the users.
What is SDK?
SDK is a set of tools that can be used to develop software applications targeting a specific platform. SDKs include tools, libraries, documentation and sample code that would help a programmer to develop an application. Most of the SDKs could be downloaded from the internet and many of the SDKs are provided free to encourage the programmers to use the SDK‘s programming language. Some widely used SDKs are Java SDK (JDK) that includes all the libraries, debugging utilities, etc., which would make writing programs much easier in Java. SDKs make the life of a software developer easy, since there is no need to look for components/ tools that are compatible with each other and all of them are integrated in to a single package that is easy to install.
What is the difference between API and SDK?
API is an interface that allows software programs to interact with each other, whereas a SDK is a set of tools that can be used to develop software applications targeting a specific platform. The simplest version of a SDK could be an API that contains some files required to interact with a specific programming language. So an API can be seen as a simple SDK without all the debugging support, etc. | <urn:uuid:7cf35450-4a45-4a04-92c2-84c70317cbd0> | 2013-05-26T03:02:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.05126953125,
0.00531005859375,
0.038818359375,
-0.01446533203125,
0.0693359375,
-0.0478515625,
0.005889892578125,
0.10693359375,
-0.0400390625,
-0.01806640625,
0.10205078125,
0.034912109375,
-0.037841796875,
0.0196533203125,
0.0234375,
-0.04833984... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953702 | 462 | http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/101873/whats-the-difference-between-an-api-and-an-sdk | 0.936201 |
Depression is of high public health concern because it is the most common mental disorder and a primary cause of disease burden, disability (1), long-term sickness, absence from work, and premature retirement (2). Furthermore, it has been described as the most costly brain disorder in Europe (3). In southern European countries, prevalence rates of depression and suicide are lower than elsewhere in Europe (4,5), and a recent study of depression in Spain, one of the largest southern European countries, found additional characteristics specific to this country, such as an earlier age at onset and higher rates of comorbidity and of chronicity (5).
Health services are a crucial resource in reducing the suffering of persons with depression; however, studies have found large differences between countries in rates of depression treatment, with low overall rates (6—8). Although health care systems vary widely across the world, certain system characteristics, such as access to services, number of health professionals, and quality of care, contribute to the outcomes of depression treatment. Studies of service use for the treatment of depression are scarce and mostly limited to Western and Northern European countries. Although information from many countries, such as Spain, is available, it remains fragmented and incomplete.
The Spanish National Health System provides free and universal access to most types of health care. It is financed by general taxation and by out-of-pocket expenditures, including copayments for pharmacological treatments. The primary care sector acts as the gatekeeper to the system and therefore to specialized mental health care. Because administration of health care is decentralized and is the responsibility of the 17 Autonomous Communities, the number and quality of mental health services is not homogeneous across Spain. Frequently described deficiencies include lack of specific budgets for mental health, heterogeneous information systems, and insufficient coordination with primary care services (9).
The objective of this study was to analyze service use in the past 12 months for a major depressive episode among respondents to the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD), in Spain. We estimated the level of use of services, determined the proportion of individuals using services who could be considered to have received minimally adequate treatment, and identified the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with service use. We also compared these results with international data.
The ESEMeD-Spain study was a cross-sectional, general population, household survey conducted with a representative sample of the Spanish noninstitutionalized adult population. A detailed description of methods is available elsewhere (10—12).
A stratified, multistage, clustered-area, probability sample without replacement design was used to guarantee the representativeness of all the regions in the country. The target population was noninstitutionalized adults (aged 18 years and older), who were identified from census tract data. The final sample included 5,473 respondents (including a random selection of 323 spouses of the married main respondents, who were also interviewed); the final response rate was 78.6%. Data collection was conducted from September 2001 to September 2002. Individuals provided informed consent to participate in the interview. Data for the individuals were weighted to account for the different probabilities of selection within households and among hard-to-reach individuals, as well as to reflect age, gender, and Autonomous Community distribution of the Spanish general population.
Interview and questionnaire
The survey instrument was the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) (13), which is a fully structured diagnostic interview to assess disorders and treatment, as well as several additional variables, such as disease severity and disability. By means of computerized algorithms, the CIDI provides lifetime and 12-month diagnoses of mental disorders based on DSM-IV criteria (14). In establishing the diagnosis, CIDI rules about excluding organic mental disorders (direct physiological effects of a general medical condition, a drug, or a medication) were imposed. The CIDI was administered by trained lay interviewers using a computer-assisted personal interview.
Assessment of depression severity
Respondents were assessed for major depressive episode in the past 12 months. On the basis on researchers' consensus, individuals with the disorder were classified into three severity groups. The group with the most severe symptoms included those who had attempted suicide in the past 12 months, those who had a diagnosis of alcohol dependence with physiological dependence syndrome, and those who experienced severe role impairment (scores from 8 to 10) in at least two areas of the WMH-adapted version of the Sheehan Disability Scales (SDS). Individuals not classified as having severe symptoms were assigned to the moderate group if they had moderate role impairment in at least one domain of the SDS (a score of more than 4) or if they had alcohol dependence disorder without physiological dependence. All other individuals were classified as having mild symptoms.
Health and social services use
All respondents were asked about use of services for their "emotions or mental health problems" in the 12 months before the interview. Those reporting use of services were asked to select from a list all providers whom they visited, including psychiatrist; psychologist; general practitioner, other physician, or other health care professional; human services (outpatient treatment with a religious or spiritual advisor or with a social worker or counselor in any setting other than a specialty mental health setting); and a complementary-alternative medical sector (outpatient treatment with any other type of healer, participation in an Internet support group, or participation in a self-help group). Psychiatrists and psychologists constituted the specialized mental health category; general practitioners, other physicians, and other health professionals constituted the general medical care category; and both specialized mental health and general medical care constituted the health care sector.
The type of treatment received by individuals who reported use of a service in the health care sector was assessed. Pharmacological treatment was defined as that prescribed by a psychiatrist, general practitioner, or any other physician or health professional in the previous 12 months. Psychotherapy was defined as having more than one session in the past 12 months of psychological counseling or therapy with a mental health professional (psychiatrist or psychologist) that lasted 15 minutes or longer. Individuals who received neither drug nor psychological treatment were classified as being in the group with no active treatment.
The definition of minimally adequate treatment followed previous research that was based on recommendations from clinical guidelines (15—17). It was defined as receipt of antidepressant pharmacotherapy for at least two months plus at least four visits with a psychiatrist, a general practitioner, or any other physician or health professional or at least eight sessions with a psychologist or a psychiatrist lasting an average of 15 minutes or longer. Human services and complementary-alternative medicine treatments were not considered to constitute adequate care because of the lack of experimental data documenting the effectiveness of such treatments for major depression (18—22).
Chronic conditions and mental disorder variables
The variable for chronic conditions included eight groups: musculoskeletal (arthritis), chronic pain (neck or back pain or other somatoform pain), digestive (stomach or intestinal ulcer), respiratory (asthma, allergies, or any other chronic lung disease), neurological problems, cancer, cardiovascular (stroke, heart attack, heart disease, or high blood pressure), and diabetes. The variable for mental disorders included mood disorders (major depressive episode or dysthymia), anxiety disorders (panic disorder, specific phobia or social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and agoraphobia without panic), and alcohol abuse or dependence.
All analyses were performed with SASTM software, version 9.1, of the SAS System for Windows as well as SUDAAN, version 9.0, a statistical package used to estimate standard errors of data obtained from surveys with complex designs. Data analyses were carried out at the IMIM-Hospital del Mar in Barcelona, Spain, and at Harvard University in Boston.
Lifetime prevalence of a major depressive episode in the overall sample was 10.6%, and 12-month prevalence was 4.0%. Table 1 presents data on sociodemographic characteristics of the total sample and of those with a lifetime and 12-month major depressive episode.
Among respondents with a depressive disorder in the past 12 months, 59.1% had used some type of service in the past 12 months for their emotional problems. As shown in Table 2, the highest proportion of service users (58.7%) reported use of services in the health care sector (either general medical care or specialized mental health). Among those who used services in the health care sector, the highest proportion reported use only in general medical care (35.3%).
Among respondents who had used past-year services for emotional problems in the heath care sector, at least 76% received some type of active treatment: 70.1% reported receiving psychopharmacological treatment, either alone (37.9%) or combined with psychotherapy (32.2%). Receipt of no active treatment was highest among respondents with moderate major depressive episode (10.9%) and lowest among those with a mild disorder (5.0%).
As shown in Table 3, among respondents who had received active treatment in the past 12 months from providers in the health care sector, 31.2% received treatment that met criteria for minimal adequacy. In the overall sample, meaningful differences were found by type of health service used: respondents who received both specialized mental health care and general medical care accounted for the highest proportion of those receiving minimally adequate care (38.6%), and the lowest proportion was among those who received services in general medical care only (12.8%). These differences were also found among respondents with severe major depressive episode.
Results of logistic regression analyses of potential predictors of past-year service use among respondents with a 12-month major depressive episode are shown in Table 4. Respondents in the group aged 35—49 years were more likely than those in the other age groups to have used any services for their emotional problems within the past year (OR=5.7). Service use was also more likely among those in the "other" employment group (unemployed or too disabled to work) (OR=4.9), compared with those who were employed. Respondents who had a moderate disorder were more likely (OR=3.2) than those in the other severity groups to have used any services. Respondents who had more than one 12-month mental disorder (that is, a mental disorder comorbid with their depression) were significantly more likely than those with depression only to use any services (two mental disorders, OR=2.9; three or more mental disorders, OR=4.1). On the other hand, respondents with a low-average income were less likely than those with a high income to have used any services for their emotional problems in the past 12 months (OR=.3).
The regression analyses also examined use of specialized mental health services in the past 12 months (Table 4). Respondents in the group aged 35—49 were more likely than those aged 18—34 to use these services (OR=3.0). Those with a severe or moderate disorder were significantly more likely to use these services than those with a mild disorder (OR=5.1 and OR=4.7, respectively). On the other hand, those with a high-average education level were less likely than those with a high level to use specialized services (OR=.3).
The study found that 40.9% of respondents to ESEMeD-Spain with a 12-month major depressive episode reported not having used any type of service for their emotional problems in the past year. Moreover, 68.8% of those who received active treatment in the health care sector (specialized mental health or general medical care) did not receive minimally adequate treatment. Thus only 15.0% of all those with a 12-month major depressive episode had received appropriate care. Of particular concern is the 30.8% of those with a severe disorder who did not use any type of service for their emotional problems.
By far, psychotropic medication was the treatment most used, either alone or (less frequently) in combination with psychological treatment. Higher odds of any service use were found among respondents with a moderate disorder, those with a comorbid mental disorder, those who were unemployed or too disabled to work, and middle-aged respondents.
Study limitations and strengths
Our results should be interpreted within the context of some limitations. First, information about treatment was self-reported, which could have led to recall bias. Previous studies have found that self-reports of service use for some mental disorders may be higher than use documented in administrative records (23,24). The WMH Survey tried to reduce recall bias by excluding respondents who failed to say that they would think carefully and answer honestly. Furthermore, use of a 12-month time frame can further reduce the risk of recall bias. Second, some analyses consisted of small numbers of respondents, and this might have affected the reliability of results. Third, ESEMeD excluded several population groups, such as those who were institutionalized or homeless. Although service use patterns of these groups may be different, their relative size is small, and it could be argued that overall population estimates would not diverge considerably if they were included. Fourth, there is no consensus on criteria for defining minimally adequate treatment; however, to our knowledge, the relationship between various criteria and significant clinical outcomes has not been studied. Fifth, the Spanish National Health System comprises 17 regional systems whose management relies on each regional government. As a consequence, the level of development of the mental health network, the allocation of economic resources, and the population density of professionals vary across regions; these differences may influence the use of services. Because of limitations in sample size, it was not possible to perform a more detailed analysis that would offer a clearer picture of probable regional differences.
With these limitations in mind, we note that this is the first study that provides information about the use of services for a major depressive episode in Spain that is based on a nationally representative sample and that used a standardized methodology that allows for international comparisons. Previous research was restricted to specific regions and population subgroups (25,26) or clinical samples (27) or used mixed methodologies, which provided an incomplete picture of service use for depression.
Our findings show that almost half of respondents with a major depressive episode did not use services in the health care sector for their emotional problems in the year before the interview. Although concrete and easily comparable data are lacking, some studies have found lower use of health services for mental disorders in certain southern European countries, such as Spain and Italy, compared with other European countries, but the rates are still higher than those found in many low-income American samples or in Asian countries (6,28). Comparable data on service use by individuals with major depression are even scarcer, but studies have shown that use is higher in Spain than in countries such as Italy and Germany (29) and lower than in some northern European countries, such as Finland, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (30).
Although underrecognition and undertreatment of common mental disorders are frequent in most countries, substantive cross-national differences in treatment rates have been described. Treatment rates ranging from 50% to 79% in high-income countries have been reported, with rates typically lower in low-income regions (6). Reasons for these differences are not well known, but several factors have been proposed. They include factors that predispose patients to seek treatment, factors related to the type and amount of services available from the health care system, and factors related to health care professionals' ability to provide an adequate response to the need for treatment (6,31—35). The effect of social networks and support, which might be stronger in Spain than in other European countries (36), has also been discussed in the literature as either reducing service use by helping an individual to cope with stress or increasing service use by supporting treatment seeking (37). Although an extensive review of these factors is beyond the scope of this article, the relevant findings are summarized below.
A personal level of comfort and confidence about consulting with professionals has been considered the most important factor in help seeking for depression, together with personal understanding and self-evaluation of the problem and the anticipated or experienced reactions of family and friends (31,32). Attitudes toward seeking mental health care seem to be more positive in Spain than in other European countries, and Spaniards seem to place greater trust in treatments provided by health care professionals (38). In regard to stigma, a well-known cultural barrier to help seeking for mental disorders (32), two recent studies showed that stigma may be less prevalent in Spain than in other European countries (39,40).
Health system-related factors.
The ability to access professional care is a key feature of health systems and also influences service use for mental disorders. Access to services is free and universal in the Spanish National Health System, as is the case in many other European countries, where treatment rates are, however, higher. A link between a country's overall spending on health care and the rate of treatment for mental disorders has also been described (6), and available data show that the amount spent in Spain is lower than the European average; this is also true of spending on mental health, which remains around 5% of Spain's total health care budget—one of the lowest spending rates in the European Union (41—43). The availability of services and of professionals is another relevant determinant that has also been linked to the use of services for depression. Studies have shown that regions with the lowest resources often have lower rates of consultation with health care professionals (44). Spain has fewer psychiatrists and psychologists and fewer available mental health services than many other countries with the same level of development, and differences are even greater for psychiatric nurses and social workers (9,42,43).
Factors related to health care professionals.
The Spanish National Health System is based on primary care, and referral from a general practitioner is usually required to gain access to specialized mental health services. Thus general practitioners act as gatekeepers of the system and have a key role in the correct detection and early management of most cases of depression. This is especially relevant in light of the high prevalence of major depression in primary care (45) and the evidence linking poor recognition of depression in primary care with worse short-term outcomes (46). In fact, underrecognition of depression in primary care has been extensively reported (47—49), and a recent meta-analysis that included more than 50,000 international patients showed that correct identification of depression by general practitioners occurred in only 47.3% of cases (50). This worrying situation has also been described in Spain (51,52), but international comparisons are scarce.
Roles of general practitioners and mental health specialists
Our results show that the proportion of respondents who sought service in the general medical care sector was only slightly higher than the proportion who visited mental health specialists. This finding is in contrast to other European countries and regions of the world, where general practitioners are clearly the professionals most frequently involved in the treatment of depression (6,44). This difference might be partly explained by the higher rates of referral to mental health specialists by general practitioners that have been described in Spain (44). These higher referral rates could be considered an attempt to improve the efficiency of a short-resourced health system. Additional factors, such as the relative delay in mental health care reform in Spain, may help explain why individuals with mild disorders were more likely to receive specialized mental health care.
Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of use
The likelihood of use of services for depression has been linked to a variety of sociodemographic factors, such as middle age, female gender, higher education and income level, and not being married (6,16,53,54). However, our results support only a few of them. Of special concern is our finding that women were no more likely than men to seek treatment. This finding should receive attention because the higher prevalence of depression among women compared with men in Spain was found to be much higher than in many other countries (5,55,56).
Symptom severity is another major determinant of service use (30,57,58), and monotonic relationships between severity and the probability of service use have been previously described (6). Our results show that among individuals using any health sector services, those with a moderate disorder had higher odds of receiving treatment than individuals with mild disorders. Further research should be undertaken to confirm these findings—in particular, the role of severity and of gender in help seeking. Also, the finding that 31.7% of those with a severe disorder received care only from a general practitioner raises some concern about possible misallocations of scarce specialized resources, especially when the misallocations affect patients with higher risks of serious complications.
Minimally adequate treatment
In our study 31.2% of the patients with a major depressive episode who received active treatment from general medical or mental health specialty care received minimally adequate treatment, a rate considerably lower than in other European countries (17). Consistent with previous studies, our study found low overall rates of treatment adequacy (6,59) and more adequate treatment in specialized settings (16,60). Reasons for the low rate of treatment adequacy are unclear, but they presumably involve provider factors, such as inadequate training and failure to adhere to guidelines (16). Inadequate treatment has significant health and economic consequences, because treatments that meet clinical guidelines are more cost-effective and have been shown to decrease the number of years lived with a disability (61).
Taken together the results offer a complex picture of patterns of service use for a major depressive episode in Spain. They include a less clear influence of disorder severity, a less relevant role for general practitioners than for mental health specialists, varying effects of sociodemographic factors, and a lower overall rate of minimally adequate treatment. Low rates of service use for major depression in a country such as Spain, with free and universal access to mental health care and a population with more positive attitudes toward help seeking for mental health problems, are worrisome and should call for a more proactive attitude of the health system. In particular, rates of comorbidity and of chronicity are higher in Spain than in other European countries (5), and both are a possible consequence of inadequate treatment and a possible cause of increased costs of major depression. Potential country-specific barriers to treatment, such as lower availability of services and of professionals and lower health care spending for mental health, may contribute to the low rates of service use. Although there are many budgetary constraints and competing priorities, reducing these barriers to treatment should be seriously considered to improve access to mental health care in Spain.
Efforts should be made to enable general practitioners to better detect and manage depression, which may involve changes in their training and more effective development and dissemination of clinical guidelines. In addition, the fact that no gender differences were found in the likelihood of receiving treatment should stimulate specific actions aimed at increasing treatment rates among women as a high-risk population group. This is also true for the youngest cohorts, especially considering that the age at onset of depression is lower in Spain (early 30s) than the European average (late 30s) (5) and that early intervention can improve the prognosis of this often chronic and highly disabling disorder.
The ESEMeD project (www.epremed.org) was funded by contracts QLG5-1999-01042 and SANCO-2004123 from the European Commission; the Piedmont Region of Italy; grant FIS 00/0028-02 from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; grant SAF 2000-158-CE from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologáa, Spain; Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; and by other local agencies and by an unrestricted educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline. ESEMeD is carried out in conjunction with the WHO WMH Survey Initiative. The authors thank the WMH staff for assistance with instrumentation, fieldwork, and data analysis. These activities were supported by grant R01MH070884 from the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; the Pfizer Foundation; grants R13-MH066849, R01-MH069864, and R01 DA016558 from the U.S. Public Health Service; grant FIRCA R03-TW006481 from the Fogarty International Center; the Pan American Health Organization; the Eli Lilly and Company Foundation; Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Bristol-Myers Squibb; and Shire. The funding institutions had no further role in study design; in collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in report writing; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
The authors report no competing interests. | <urn:uuid:bff7ae6b-f064-42e1-bfec-01588c871ffc> | 2013-05-26T02:55:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0035552978515625,
0.0213623046875,
0.006561279296875,
0.00982666015625,
0.12451171875,
-0.10400390625,
-0.018310546875,
0.1416015625,
-0.019775390625,
-0.03369140625,
0.0810546875,
-0.0029144287109375,
-0.0673828125,
0.03076171875,
0.039794921875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962374 | 5,136 | http://ps.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=102178 | 0.181875 |
Topic: Space Exploration category
I'll have to agree with the retirement of the space exploration category. As interested as I am in the topic, the stuff available in the public domain isn't drawing my eye. I am enjoying Private Snafu. If my JROTC son would finish his homework on time, he'd enjoy it as well. | <urn:uuid:8116daa7-2d7e-4b34-aa87-e6f1f60bb2c6> | 2013-05-26T02:33:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.06289556622505188,
0.017009492963552475,
0.014537183567881584,
0.005414359271526337,
0.022547468543052673,
-0.019086234271526337,
0.003362341783940792,
0.03916139155626297,
-0.01572389155626297,
-0.027294304221868515,
-0.005982990376651287,
0.027689874172210693,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980736 | 70 | http://pubdhub.info/punbb/viewtopic.php?id=36 | 0.6177 |
I'm extremely excited about having the opportunity to observe a pair of Red Foxes and their five kits. It's awesome to watch them interact and play. The male is keeping the female and kits well fed with regularly meal deliveries such as voles, squirrel and woodchuck. The kits quickly take the catch into the den and then come out and play with Dad for a bit. Unfortunately, within a week of photographing the foxes, they moved on. The kits were old enough for the adult female to leave the den to hunt and she relocated the family. As the weather warmed up there were many dog walkers quite close to the den hidden among lakeshore rocks and boulders. | <urn:uuid:f539d31e-544e-4922-8af4-071bd242d876> | 2013-05-26T02:50:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.017018312588334084,
0.02478105016052723,
-0.009603900834918022,
0.05334394797682762,
0.10270700603723526,
0.001940684742294252,
0.011594346724450588,
0.06289809197187424,
0.004752189386636019,
-0.05772292986512184,
0.05812101811170578,
0.059315286576747894,
0... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985891 | 140 | http://public.fotki.com/PhotobyCindy/birds-and-animals-1/red-foxes/img2184nse.html | 0.166995 |
- About SMP
- Floodplain Mapping
- Localized Flooding
- Water Quality
Vision: Safe, healthy, and sustainable Johnson County waterways that can be enjoyed by everyone.
Mission: Provide financial, technical, and other stormwater assistance services to encourage regional solutions for protecting human lives and property, conserving natural resources, and promoting appropriate public use of Johnson County stream corridors.
Stormwater management is the effort to analyze, understand and address stormwater runoff from a water quantity and water quality perspective. It is the mechanism for addressing stormwater runoff for the purposes of reducing downstream erosion, water quality degradation, and flooding and mitigating the adverse effects of changes in land use and runoff characteristics on the aquatic environment. | <urn:uuid:29bf619a-0068-4d40-9af4-6c806326673a> | 2013-05-26T02:50:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.02957589365541935,
-0.0032552082557231188,
0.0020228794310241938,
0.01915922574698925,
0.1257440447807312,
-0.084449402987957,
0.0177641361951828,
0.1138392835855484,
0.0030459449626505375,
-0.0386904776096344,
0.0621279776096344,
0.0535714291036129,
-0.03906... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897674 | 146 | http://publicworks.jocogov.org/stormwater | 0.540062 |
- Preprint (1) (remove)
- Comment on 'Strangeness enhancement in p+A and S+A interactions at energies near 200 A GeV" (1996)
- We argue that the recent analysis of strangeness production in nuclear collisions at 200 A GeV/c performed by Topor Pop et al. is flawed. The conclusions are based on an erroneous interpretation of the data and the numerical model results. The term "strangeness enhancement" is used in a misleading way. | <urn:uuid:7e5a69f3-c4a7-4abe-a1ae-f18cfac10d07> | 2013-05-26T02:43:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.03220108523964882,
-0.010461956262588501,
0.006385869346559048,
0.01202445663511753,
0.09728261083364487,
-0.08586956560611725,
-0.0054687499068677425,
0.11032608896493912,
-0.01664402149617672,
-0.03614130616188049,
0.02187499962747097,
0.016779892146587372,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888219 | 103 | http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/solrsearch/index/search/searchtype/authorsearch/author/%22Ulrich+Heinz%22/start/0/rows/10/doctypefq/preprint | 0.855978 |
There were some notable differences between groups targeted for the 2009-10 pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines, and substantial differences in target groups between countries. The greatest inconsistency in target groups was seen in comparisons between S0910 and P0910. Some groups targeted for the pandemic vaccine more commonly than for the 2009-10 seasonal vaccine, including pregnant women and obese persons, and health care workers were subsequently more commonly targeted for the 2010-11 post-pandemic seasonal vaccine. Subsidies to increase vaccine uptake were available to target groups in many countries by either providing the vaccine for free, at a subsidized cost or through national health insurance (Figures and ).
Before further discussing the patterns in target groups, two important issues should be noted: (A) the social and political backgrounds of policy decisions to prioritize certain groups for P0910 are likely to differ from those for seasonal vaccines and (B) the 'best' or 'optimal' strategy to achieve certain public health objectives has yet to be fully clarified in the context of including or excluding certain groups for prioritization. As for (A), compared to seasonal vaccines, public health decision of prioritized groups for P0910 may be more associated with maintaining social security during emergency vaccination and avoiding any confusion that could arise from 'first come, first served' basis among the public [8
]. On the other hand, policymaking of seasonal vaccines is unlikely to face needs to give rapid decisions for implementing emergency vaccination programmes and to maintain social security, and rather, target groups of seasonal vaccines may sometimes reflect the results of surveys of public demands among the potential target groups and may also take into account aspects of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness. With respect to (B), various studies including modeling exercises considered optimal vaccination strategies [16
] but those exercises have not allowed full clarification of all target groups. It should be emphasized that the limitations of modeling studies and inconsistency in target groups (as seen in the present study) may be attributable to non-uniform public health objectives of vaccination, such as reducing peak hospital burden versus reducing overall mortality, as well as uncertainties with respect to the transmission dynamics, severity and age-specific immunity against influenza viruses before and after vaccination. The objective of this study has been not to criticize certain choices of target groups, but to explore to what extent target groups are similar between countries, or even within countries from year to year and between the seasonal and pandemic vaccines.
Some inconsistent patterns were seen between pandemic and seasonal vaccines in targeting certain age groups, those with underlying medical conditions and those with occupations associated with higher risk. First, mathematical modeling studies have shown that achieving high vaccination coverage among school-age children could substantially elevate herd immunity and protect other risk groups (including elderly and those with underlying diseases) by means of a 'transmission-limiting' strategy [17
]. Nevertheless, many countries experienced substantial attack rates in children before vaccines became available [21
], and in such an instance (e.g. after observing epidemic peak), effectiveness of transmission-limiting strategy tends to be minimal [19
]. While school-age children were targeted for the P0910 vaccine in some countries, most countries included in our review adopted a morbidity-limiting strategy and targeted groups at high risk of severe disease (Figures and ). Vaccine effectiveness in the elderly remains uncertain [6
] but the elderly are commonly targeted to receive interpandemic influenza vaccine because of their high risk of severe disease [4
]. However, early seroepidemiological studies in 2009 suggested that the elderly may be protected against infection [23
], and few countries included elderly in the target groups for the P0910 vaccine (Figure and Table ).
Second, with regard to underlying medical conditions, pregnant and postpartum women appeared to be at higher risk of severe disease if infected from the early stages of the pandemic [24
] and many countries prioritized this group to receive the vaccine when it became available. Whereas pregnant women were less commonly targeted for seasonal influenza vaccination before the pandemic, evidence of an increased risk of severe influenza had already been observed in pregnant women before 2009 [28
]. Influenced by the 2009 pandemic, 22/34 countries targeted this group for S1011 vaccine (Figures and , Table ). Other than pregnant women, a number of studies during the pandemic found obesity to be a risk factor for hospitalization and death [26
], and some countries incorporated obese individuals into the target groups for the P0910 vaccine and again retained them in the target groups for the post-pandemic S1011 vaccine (Figures and , Table ).
Third, regarding roles and occupations, health care workers were targeted for both pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines by many countries and they have been increasingly targeted during and after the course of the pandemic (Figures , and , Table ), although they may not necessarily face higher risk of infection due to occupational exposures [34
] and the issue of mandatory vaccination in this group remains controversial [36
]. Workers in long term residential care homes were less commonly targeted for the pandemic vaccine compared to the seasonal vaccines, perhaps because of the apparent low risk of pH1N1 in the elderly [7
]. Animal contacts might have been less commonly targeted merely because of displacement by other risk groups as P0910 vaccine was initially expected to be scarce. Later they were more commonly targeted for the S1011 influenza vaccine which included the pandemic strain.
A few limitations should be discussed. We were not able to find information on priority groups in many countries, and thus, the data included in our review may not sufficiently represent the worldwide patterns in target groups. In addition, information available online could differ from what was actually implemented, even though most of the information included in our study was from official government websites. Potentially lower quality sources were excluded by limiting our search to official webpage of the government, news or academic journal articles. Future studies of influenza vaccine policies could consider a survey-based approach interviewing a representative health official from each country. Actual vaccine uptake or influenza-associated morbidity should also be investigated in relation to the policy decisions of target groups when relevant data are available as part of policy evaluations. There were also within country variations; e.g. recommendations on target groups in Canada and the United States differed between states. In these situations, the federal recommendations were used to reflect the central policy, but more detailed investigation of the heterogeneity in target groups between states or regions could be a topic for further research especially for a within-country policy evaluation. | <urn:uuid:d349ac37-f183-4cfe-842e-5f3142a29f49> | 2013-05-26T02:57:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.00946044921875,
0.03662109375,
0.01123046875,
-0.00994873046875,
0.134765625,
-0.091796875,
-0.0196533203125,
0.12255859375,
-0.01019287109375,
-0.0078125,
0.0927734375,
0.019287109375,
-0.06982421875,
0.059326171875,
0.041015625,
-0.00027465820312... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964347 | 1,332 | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3175216/ | 0.248921 |
The biochemical study of ALG-1 and ALG-2 confirms that these Argonautes have retained the molecular characteristics found in catalytically competent Argonautes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
, plants and other animals. The enzymatic activity of ALG-1/2 requires both magnesium (a divalent cation) (16
) and the DDH motif within the PIWI domain of the proteins (37
). We also observed that recombinant ALG-1/2 can bind small RNA duplexes and is capable of separating strands from miRNA-like molecules that contain mismatches. Similar data have been reported for human Argonautes (30
). Recent studies performed with Drosophila
embryo lysates demonstrated that the miRNA-specific Argonaute Ago1 protein also displays a preference for imperfectly paired duplexes and can only form functional miRISC complexes once loaded with these types of RNA molecules (39
). In all these conditions, it is possible that the presence of a complementary target RNA to the guide strand contributes to the release of the passenger strand by Argonautes. Therefore, our results support the idea that miRNA-specific animal Argonautes have the capacity to release the miRNA passenger strand from a Dicer-processed miRNA duplex to form the functional miRISC.
The first study of C. elegans alg-1
Argonautes by Grishok et al.
demonstrated that the loss of both Argonautes led to a decrease of mature let-7 and lin-4 miRNAs and an accumulation of pre-lin-4 molecules (20
). Although this initial observation suggested a role for ALG-1 and ALG-2 in the stability and production of miRNAs in C. elegans
, it was still unclear how these proteins could contribute to miRNA biogenesis. The data presented herein reveal the role of ALG-1 and ALG-2 in miRNA production and demonstrate, for the first time, the importance of ALG-1/2 slicing activity in processing multiple miRNAs. Furthermore, our studies unveil the functional differences of these miRNA-specific Argonautes in processing different miRNA species. Although the replacement of either ALG-1 or ALG-2 with their respective catalytically inactive forms had no observable effect in animals, the loss of slicing activity for both miRNA-specific Argonautes led to severe developmental defects that are associated with the loss of miRNAs in C. elegans
). At the molecular level, we observed that the loss of this enzymatic activity in miRNA-specific Argonautes led to the accumulation of mature miRNAs along with the appearance of a shorter form of miRNA precursor molecules. These observations suggest that in the absence of slicing-competent miRNA-specific Argonautes, mature miRNAs remain associated with the complementary strand found in precursor miRNA molecules, leading to a significant decrease of miRISC that is essential for animal viability. In addition, our data also support the idea that Dicer can cleave independently RNA strands from pre-miRNA substrates.
Several lines of evidence in our data support the idea that Dicer can cleave only one strand of the precursor miRNA: (i) the size of the aberrant precursor miRNA form is about 21 nt shorter than the pre-miRNA and (ii) the mature form for all miRNA tested was detectable by northern blot. Although many in vitro
and in vivo
studies demonstrate that the Dicer enzyme can cleave perfectly paired dsRNA on both strands (40–44
), some experimental evidence also supports that this enzyme can separately cleave both strands of a miRNA precursor. In vitro
analysis of Drosophila
Dcr-1, which is required for the miRNA pathway, demonstrated that a single mutation in the active site of one of RNase III domains produced a 21-nt miRNA and a truncated miRNA precursor (45
). Recently, it has been shown that cells carrying specific point mutations within each RNAse III domain of human Dicer display defects in the production of either 5p or 3p miRNAs (46
). Biochemical studies on recombinant human Dicer also demonstrate its enzymatic capacity to produce a truncated miRNA precursor and a mature miRNA in vitro
). In agreement with those observations, our data indicate that at least one Argonaute competent slicer is essential to enable complete Dicer cleavage of pre-miRNAs. Therefore, in absence of the slicing Argonautes, Dicer may cleave only once and thus affects the formation of miRISC. Alternatively, we can also consider that after Dicer produces a single 21-nt molecule from the pre-miRNA, slicing Argonautes may be important to cleave within the complementary sequence to trigger the degradation of the truncated precursor.
Previous observations indicated that Argonaute proteins and Dicer are found in the same complex and form the RISC loading complex (50–54
). It has recently been observed that human Ago2 can bind some pre-miRNA molecules even in absence of Dicer (55
). Therefore, the presence of co-factors such as slicing competent Argonautes might be essential to coordinate Dicer cleavage in animals. Future analysis with purified RISC loading complex will help in gaining insight about the contribution of slicing Argonaute proteins to this process. | <urn:uuid:729bae8d-a960-42c5-b3c0-97ba7750b408> | 2013-05-26T02:51:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.00701904296875,
-0.0033111572265625,
0.00726318359375,
0.00897216796875,
0.10546875,
-0.1103515625,
-0.0172119140625,
0.08203125,
-0.0185546875,
0.020263671875,
0.0966796875,
0.0113525390625,
-0.054443359375,
0.095703125,
0.0196533203125,
-0.02355... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912246 | 1,137 | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3488219/?lang=en-ca | 0.175264 |
Nearly half of Operation Enduring Freedom / Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans experience continued pain post-deployment. Several investigations report analgesic effects of allopregnanolone and other neurosteroids in animal models, but few data are currently available focusing on neurosteroids in clinical populations. Allopregnanolone positively modulates GABAA receptors and demonstrates pronounced analgesic and anxiolytic effects in rodents, yet studies examining the relationship between pain and allopregnanolone in humans are limited. We thus hypothesized that endogenous allopregnanolone and other neurosteroid levels may be negatively correlated with self-reported pain symptoms in humans.
We determined serum neurosteroid levels by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (allopregnanolone, pregnenolone) or radioimmunoassay (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], progesterone, DHEA sulfate [DHEAS]) in 90 male veterans who served in the U.S. military after September 11, 2001. Self-reported pain symptoms were assessed in four areas (low back pain, chest pain, muscle soreness, headache). Stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between pain assessments and neurosteroids, with the inclusion of smoking, alcohol use, age, and history of traumatic brain injury as covariates.
Durham VA Medical Center.
Allopregnanolone levels were inversely associated with low back pain (p=0.044) and chest pain (p=0.013), and DHEA levels were inversely associated with muscle soreness (p=0.024). DHEAS levels were positively associated with chest pain (p=0.001). Additionally, there was a positive association between traumatic brain injury and muscle soreness (p=0.002).
Neurosteroids may be relevant to the pathophysiology of self-reported pain symptoms in this veteran cohort, and could represent future pharmacological targets for pain disorders. | <urn:uuid:70c44424-7818-4163-ac10-76284e135b01> | 2013-05-26T03:02:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.013431425206363201,
0.006918196566402912,
0.013026458211243153,
-0.009044276550412178,
0.10691145062446594,
-0.10637149214744568,
0.004015928599983454,
0.12473002076148987,
-0.026862850412726402,
0.009786716662347317,
0.05831533297896385,
0.03671706095337868,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920652 | 423 | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/solr/reg?pageSize=25&term=&sortby=score+desc&filterAuthor=author%3A(%22Kilts%2C+Jason+D%22) | 0.546235 |
Interferon alpha (IFN-α) is a critical mediator of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review will summarize evidence supporting the role for IFN-α in the initiation of human SLE. IFN-α functions in viral immunity at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity, a position well suited to setting thresholds for autoimmunity. Some individuals treated with IFN-α for chronic viral infections develop de novo SLE, which frequently resolves when IFN-α is withdrawn, supporting the idea that IFN-α was causal. Abnormally high IFN-α levels are clustered within SLE families, suggesting that high serum IFN-α is a heritable risk factor for SLE. Additionally, SLE-risk genetic variants in the IFN-α pathway are gain of function in nature, resulting in either higher circulating IFN-α levels or greater sensitivity to IFN-α signaling in SLE patients. A recent genome-wide association study has identified additional novel genetic loci associated with high serum IFN-α in SLE patients. These data support the idea that genetically determined endogenous elevations in IFN-α predispose to human SLE. It is possible that some of these gain-of-function polymorphisms in the IFN-α pathway are useful in viral defense, and that risk of SLE is a burden we have taken on in the fight to defend ourselves against viral infection.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple genetic risk factors, high levels of interferon alpha (IFN-α), and the production of autoantibodies against components of the cell nucleus. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a transcription factor which induces the transcription of IFN-α and other cytokines, and genetic variants of IRF5 have been strongly linked to SLE pathogenesis. IRF5 functions downstream of Toll-like receptors and other microbial pattern-recognition receptors, and immune complexes made up of SLE-associated autoantibodies seem to function as a chronic endogenous stimulus to this pathway. In this paper, we discuss the physiologic role of IRF5 in immune defense and the ways in which IRF5 variants may contribute to the pathogenesis of human SLE. Recent data regarding the role of IRF5 in both serologic autoimmunity and the overproduction of IFN-α in human SLE are summarized. These data support a model in which SLE-risk variants of IRF5 participate in a “feed-forward” mechanism, predisposing to SLE-associated autoantibody formation, and subsequently facilitating IFN-α production downstream of Toll-like receptors stimulated by immune complexes composed of these autoantibodies.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe multi-system autoimmune disease which results from both genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Many lines of investigation support interferon alpha (IFN-α) as a causal agent in human lupus, and high levels of serum IFN-α are a heritable risk factor for SLE. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors involved in host defense, which can induce transcription of IFN-α and other immune response genes following activation. In SLE, circulating immune complexes which contain nucleic acid are prevalent. These complexes are recognized by endosomal Toll-like receptors, resulting in activation of downstream IRF proteins. Genetic variants in the IRF5 and IRF7 genes have been associated with SLE susceptibility, and these same variants are associated with increased serum IFN-α in SLE patients. The increase in serum IFN-α related to IRF5 and 7 genotypes is observed only in patients with particular antibody specificities. This suggests that chronic stimulation of the endosomal Toll-like receptors by autoantibody immune complexes is required for IRF SLE-risk variants to cause elevation of circulating IFN-α and subsequent risk of SLE. Recently, genetic variation in the IRF8 gene has been associated with SLE and multiple sclerosis, and studies support an impact of IRF8 genotype on the IFN-α pathway. In summary, the SLE-associated polymorphisms in the IRF family of proteins appear to be gain-of-function variants, and understanding the impact of these variants upon the IFN-α pathway in vivo may guide therapeutic strategies directed at the Toll-like receptor/IRF/IFN-α pathway in SLE.
Interferon Alpha; Genetics; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Interferon Regulatory Factor; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity
High serum interferon α (IFNα) activity is a heritable risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Auto-antibodies found in SLE form immune complexes which can stimulate IFNα production by activating endosomal Toll-like receptors and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), including IRF5. Genetic variation in IRF5 is associated with SLE susceptibility; however, it is unclear how IRF5 functional genetic elements contribute to human disease.
1034 patients with SLE and 989 controls of European ancestry, 555 patients with SLE and 679 controls of African–American ancestry, and 73 patients with SLE of South African ancestry were genotyped at IRF5 polymorphisms, which define major haplotypes. Serum IFNα activity was measured using a functional assay.
In European ancestry subjects, anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and anti-Ro antibodies were each associated with different haplotypes characterised by a different combination of functional genetic elements (OR > 2.56, p >003C; 1.9×10−14 for both). These IRF5 haplotype-auto-antibody associations strongly predicted higher serum IFNα in patients with SLE and explained > 70% of the genetic risk of SLE due to IRF5. In African–American patients with SLE a similar relationship between serology and IFNα was observed, although the previously described European ancestry-risk haplotype was present at admixture proportions in African–American subjects and absent in African patients with SLE.
The authors define a novel risk haplotype of IRF5 that is associated with anti-dsDNA antibodies and show that risk of SLE due to IRF5 genotype is largely dependent upon particular auto-antibodies. This suggests that auto-antibodies are directly pathogenic in human SLE, resulting in increased IFNα in cooperation with particular combinations of IRF5 functional genetic elements.
SLE is a systemic autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organ systems including the skin, musculoskeletal, renal and haematopoietic systems. Humoral autoimmunity is a hallmark of SLE, and patients frequently have circulating auto-antibodies directed against dsDNA, as well as RNA binding proteins (RBP). Anti-RBP autoantibodies include antibodies which recognize Ro, La, Smith (anti-Sm), and ribonucleoprotein (anti-nRNP), collectively referred to as anti-retinol-binding protein). Anti-retinol-binding protein and anti-dsDNA auto-antibodies are rare in the healthy population.1 These auto-antibodies can be present in sera for years preceding the onset of clinical SLE illness2 and are likely pathogenic in SLE.34
Examine the relationship between circulating B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) levels and humoral responses to influenza vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, as well as the effect of vaccination on BLyS levels. Clinical and serologic features of SLE that are associated with elevated BLyS levels will also be investigated.
Clinical history, disease activity measurements and blood specimens were collected from sixty SLE patients at baseline and after influenza vaccination. Sera were tested for BLyS levels, lupus-associated autoantibodies, serum IFN-α activity, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and humoral responses to influenza vaccination.
Thirty percent of SLE patients had elevated BLyS levels, with African American patients having higher BLyS levels than European American patients (p=0.006). Baseline BLyS levels in patients were not correlated with humoral responses to influenza vaccination (p=0.863), and BLyS levels increased post-vaccination only in the subset of patients in the lowest quartile of BLyS levels (p=0.0003). Elevated BLyS levels were associated with increased disease activity as measured by SLEDAI, PGA, and SLAM in European Americans (p=0.035, p=0.016, p=0.018, respectively), but not in African Americans. Elevated BLyS levels were also associated with anti-nRNP (p=0.0003) and decreased 25(OH)D (p=0.018). Serum IFN-α activity was a significant predictor of elevated BLyS in a multivariate analysis (p=0.002).
African American SLE patients have higher BLyS levels regardless of disease activity. Humoral response to influenza vaccination is not correlated with baseline BLyS levels in SLE patients and only those patients with low baseline BLyS levels demonstrate an increased BLyS response after vaccination.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); Cytokines
Genetic association studies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been extremely successful in recent years, identifying a number of loci associated with disease susceptibility. Much work remains to integrate these loci into the functional pathogenic pathways which characterize the disease. Our working hypothesis is that many of the genetic variations linked to SLE and autoimmunity mediate risk of disease by altering cytokine profiles or responses to cytokine signaling. Genetic polymorphisms affecting cytokine signaling could alter thresholds for immune responses, resulting in pro-inflammatory presentation of self antigens and the subsequent misdirection of adaptive immunity against self which is observed in autoimmune disease. SLE is clinically heterogeneous and genetically complex, and we expect that individual genes and cytokine patterns will be more or less important to different disease manifestations and subgroups of patients. Defining these genotype-cytokine-phenotype relationships will increase our understanding of both initial disease pathogenesis as well as subsequent response/non-response to various therapies. In this review we summarize some recent work in the area of SLE cytokine genetics, and describe the implications for SLE, autoimmunity, and immune system homeostasis which are revealed by these investigations.
Interferon-α (IFNα) is a heritable risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Genetic variation near IRF7 is implicated in SLE susceptibility. SLE-associated autoantibodies can stimulate IFNα production through the Toll-like receptor/IRF7 pathway. This study was undertaken to determine whether variants of IRF7 act as risk factors for SLE by increasing IFNα production and whether autoantibodies are important to this phenomenon.
We studied 492 patients with SLE (236 African American, 162 European American, and 94 Hispanic American subjects). Serum levels of IFNα were measured using a reporter cell assay, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IRF7/PHRF1 locus were genotyped.
In a joint analysis of European American and Hispanic American subjects, the rs702966 C allele was associated with the presence of anti–double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies (odds ratio [OR] 1.83, P = 0.0069). The rs702966 CC genotype was only associated with higher serum levels of IFNα in European American and Hispanic American patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies (joint analysis P = 4.1 × 10−5 in anti-dsDNA–positive patients and P = 0.99 in anti-dsDNA–negative patients). In African American subjects, anti-Sm antibodies were associated with the rs4963128 SNP near IRF7 (OR 1.95, P = 0.0017). The rs4963128 CT and TT genotypes were associated with higher serum levels of IFNα only in African American patients with anti-Sm antibodies (P = 0.0012). In African American patients lacking anti-Sm antibodies, an effect of anti-dsDNA–rs702966 C allele interaction on serum levels of IFNα was observed, similar to the other patient groups (overall joint analysis P = 1.0 × 10−6). In European American and Hispanic American patients, the IRF5 SLE risk haplotype showed an additive effect with the rs702966 C allele on IFNα level in anti-dsDNA–positive patients.
Our findings indicate that IRF7/PHRF1 variants in combination with SLE-associated autoantibodies result in higher serum levels of IFNα, providing a biologic relevance for this locus at the protein level in human SLE in vivo.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a clinically heterogeneous autoimmune disease. A number of genetic loci that increase lupus susceptibility have been established. This study examines if these genetic loci also contribute to the clinical heterogeneity in lupus.
Materials and methods
4001 European-derived, 1547 Hispanic, 1590 African-American and 1191 Asian lupus patients were genotyped for 16 confirmed lupus susceptibility loci. Ancestry informative markers were genotyped to calculate and adjust for admixture. The association between the risk allele in each locus was determined and compared in patients with and without the various clinical manifestations included in the ACR criteria.
Renal disorder was significantly correlated with the lupus risk allele in ITGAM (p=5.0×10−6, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35) and in TNFSF4 (p=0.0013, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.25). Other significant findings include the association between risk alleles in FCGR2A and malar rash (p=0.0031, OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), ITGAM and discoid rash (p=0.0020, OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.33), STAT4 and protection from oral ulcers (p=0.0027, OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96) and IL21 and haematological disorder (p=0.0027, OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.22). All these associations are significant with a false discovery rate of <0.05 and pass the significance threshold using Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.
Significant associations were found between lupus clinical manifestations and the FCGR2A, ITGAM, STAT4, TNSF4 and IL21 genes. The findings suggest that genetic profiling might be a useful tool to predict disease manifestations in lupus patients in the future.
The pleiotropic cytokine interferon alpha is involved in multiple aspects of lupus etiology and pathogenesis. Interferon alpha is important under normal circumstances for antiviral responses and immune activation. However, heightened levels of serum interferon alpha and expression of interferon response genes are common in lupus patients. Lupus-associated autoantibodies can drive the production of interferon alpha and heightened levels of interferon interfere with immune regulation. Several genes in the pathways leading to interferon production or signaling are associated with risk for lupus. Clinical and cellular manifestations of excess interferon alpha in lupus combined with the genetic risk factors associated with interferon make this cytokine a rare bridge between genetic risk and phenotypic effects. Interferon alpha influences the clinical picture of lupus and may represent a therapeutic target. This paper provides an overview of the cellular, genetic, and clinical aspects of interferon alpha in lupus.
Vitamin D deficiency is widespread and has been associated with many chronic diseases, including autoimmune disorders. A study was undertaken to explore the impact of low vitamin D levels on autoantibody production in healthy individuals, as well as B cell hyperactivity and interferon α (IFNα) activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Serum samples from 32 European American female patients with SLE and 32 matched controls were tested for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, lupus-associated autoantibodies and serum IFNα activity. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested for intracellular phospho-ERK 1/2 as a measure of B cell activation status.
Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/ml) was significantly more frequent among patients with SLE (n=32, 69%) and antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive controls (n=14, 71%) compared with ANA-negative controls (n=18, 22%) (OR 7.7, 95% CI 2.0 to 29.4, p=0.003 and OR 8.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 43.6, p=0.011, respectively). Patients with high B cell activation had lower mean (SD) 25(OH)D levels than patients with low B cell activation (17.2 (5.1) vs 24.2 (3.9) ng/ml; p=0.009). Patients with vitamin D deficiency also had higher mean (SD) serum IFNα activity than patients without vitamin D deficiency (3.5 (6.6) vs 0.3 (0.3); p=0.02).
The observation that ANA-positive healthy controls are significantly more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than ANA-negative healthy controls, together with the finding that vitamin D deficiency is associated with certain immune abnormalities in SLE, suggests that vitamin D plays an important role in autoantibody production and SLE pathogenesis.
Interferon alpha (IFN-α) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). We examined serum IFN-α activity in a cohort of children with JDM to determine relationships between IFN-α and indicators of disease activity and severity.
39 children with definite/probable JDM were included in the study. Samples were studied from 18 newly diagnosed untreated children, and 11 of these children had a second sample taken at 24 months while they were receiving treatment. 7 of these children also had a third sample available at 36 months, and 21 additional children were studied 36 months after their initial diagnosis. Serum IFN-α was measured using a functional reporter cell assay.
JDM patients had higher serum IFN-α activity than both pediatric and adult healthy controls. In untreated patients, serum IFN-α activity was positively correlated with serum muscle enzymes (p<0.05 for CPK, AST, and aldolase) and inversely correlated with duration of untreated disease (p=0.017). The TNF-α-308A allele was associated with higher serum IFN-α only in untreated patients (p=0.038). At 36 months, serum IFN-α was inversely correlated with muscle enzymes in those patients still requiring therapy, and inversely correlated with skin DAS in those who had completed therapy (p=0.002).
Serum IFN-α activity was associated with higher serum levels of muscle derived enzymes and shorter duration of untreated disease in newly diagnosed patients, and inversely correlated with measures of chronic disease activity at 36 months post-diagnosis. These data suggest that IFN-α could play a role in disease initiation in JDM.
Vaccination against common pathogens, such as influenza, is recommended for SLE patients to decrease infections and improve health. However, most vaccination response reports are limited to evaluation of SLE patients with quiescent disease. This study focuses on understanding the clinical, serological, therapeutic, and demographic factors which influence the response to influenza vaccination in patients with a range of disease activities.
Blood specimens and disease activity information were collected from seventy-two SLE patients at baseline and 2, 6 and 12 weeks after influenza vaccination. Influenza-specific antibody responses were assessed for antibody concentration (Bmax), relative affinity (Ka), and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). Using a cumulative score, the subjects were evenly divided into high and low responders. Autoantibody levels were evaluated at each time-point by immunofluorescence and standard ELISAs.
Low responders to the vaccine were more likely to have hematologic criteria (p=0.009), exhibit more ACR criteria (p=0.05), and be on concurrent prednisone treatment (p=0.04). Interestingly, European American patients were more likely to be low responders than African Americans (p = 0.03). Following vaccination, low responders were more likely to experience disease flares (p=0.01) and to have increased ANA titers (p = 0.04). Baseline serum interferon alpha activity was significantly higher in patients that experienced a flare after vaccination compared to a matched group of patients that did not flare (p= 0.04).
Ancestral background, prednisone treatment, hematological criteria and evidence of increased disease flares were associated with low antibody responses to influenza vaccination in SLE patients.
Increased IFN-α signaling is a heritable risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IFN induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) is a cytoplasmic dsRNA sensor that activates IFN-α pathway signaling. We studied the impact of the autoimmune-disease–associated IFIH1 rs1990760 (A946T) single nucleotide polymorphism upon IFN-α signaling in SLE patients in vivo. We studied 563 SLE patients (278 African-American, 179 European-American, and 106 Hispanic-American). Logistic regression models were used to detect genetic associations with autoantibody traits, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze IFN-α–induced gene expression in PBMCs in the context of serum IFN-α in the same blood sample. We found that the rs1990760 T allele was associated with anti-dsDNA Abs across all of the studied ancestral backgrounds (meta-analysis odds ratio = 1.34, p = 0.026). This allele also was associated with lower serum IFN-α levels in subjects who had anti-dsDNA Abs (p = 0.0026). When we studied simultaneous serum and PBMC samples from SLE patients, we found that the IFIH1 rs1990760 T allele was associated with increased IFN-induced gene expression in PBMCs in response to a given amount of serum IFN-α in anti-dsDNA–positive patients. This effect was independent of the STAT4 genotype, which modulates sensitivity to IFN-α in a similar way. Thus, the IFIH1 rs1990760 Tallele was associated with dsDNA Abs, and in patients with anti-dsDNA Abs this risk allele increased sensitivity to IFN-α signaling. These studies suggest a role for the IFIH1 risk allele in SLE in vivo.
Increased IFN-α signaling is a primary pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). STAT4 is a transcription factor that is activated by IFN-α signaling, and genetic variation of STAT4 has been associated with risk of SLE and rheumatoid arthritis. We measured serum IFN-α activity and simultaneous IFN-α-induced gene expression in PBMC in a large SLE cohort. The risk variant of STAT4 (T allele; rs7574865) was simultaneously associated with both lower serum IFN-α activity and greater IFN-α-induced gene expression in PBMC in SLE patients in vivo. Regression analyses confirmed that the risk allele of STAT4 was associated with increased sensitivity to IFN-α signaling. The IFN regulatory factor 5 SLE risk genotype was associated with higher serum IFN-α activity; however, STAT4 showed dominant influence on the sensitivity of PBMC to serum IFN-α. These data provide biologic relevance for the risk variant of STAT4 in the IFN-α pathway in vivo.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by differences in autoantibody profiles, serum cytokines, and clinical manifestations. We have previously conducted a case-case genome-wide association study (GWAS) of SLE patients to detect associations with autoantibody profile and serum interferon alpha (IFN-α). In this study, we used public gene expression data sets to rationally select additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for validation. The top 200 GWAS SNPs were searched in a database which compares genome-wide expression data to genome-wide SNP genotype data in HapMap cell lines. SNPs were chosen for validation if they were associated with differential expression of 15 or more genes at a significance of P < 9 × 10−5. This resulted in 11 SNPs which were genotyped in 453 SLE patients and 418 matched controls. Three SNPs were associated with SLE-associated autoantibodies, and one of these SNPs was also associated with serum IFN-α (P < 4.5 × 10−3 for all). One additional SNP was associated exclusively with serum IFN-α. Case-control analysis was insensitive to these molecular subphenotype associations. This study illustrates the use of gene expression data to rationally select candidate loci in autoimmune disease, and the utility of stratification by molecular phenotypes in the discovery of additional genetic associations in SLE.
The type I interferon (IFN) pathway is activated in many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and high serum levels of IFN are associated with anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies. To investigate the clinical features associated with type I IFN production in vivo, we compared serum IFN activity in individuals with anti-SSA/Ro antibodies who were asymptomatic with that in individuals with clinical manifestations of SLE or Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
Antibody-positive sera from 84 mothers of children with manifestations of neonatal lupus were studied for type I IFN activity, using a functional reporter cell assay. Maternal health status was characterized as asymptomatic, SS, SLE, pauci-SLE, or pauci-SS, based on a screening questionnaire, telephone interview, and review of medical records. The prefix “pauci-” indicates symptoms insufficient for a formal classification of the disease.
Only 4% of asymptomatic mothers had high serum type I IFN activity, compared with 73% with pauci-SLE (P = 5.7 × 10−5), 35% with SLE (P = 0.011), and 32% of patients with SS (P = 0.032). One of the 4 patients with pauci-SS had high levels of IFN. The majority of patients for whom longitudinal data were available had stable type I IFN activity over time, and changes in IFN activity were not clearly accompanied by changes in the clinical diagnosis.
Patients with SLE, patients with pauci-SLE, and patients with SS are more likely to have high serum IFN activity than asymptomatic individuals with SSA/Ro autoantibodies, suggesting that these autoantibodies are insufficient for activation of the type I IFN pathway, and that disease-specific factors are important for type I IFN generation in vivo.
The C1858T polymorphism in PTPN22 has been associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as multiple other autoimmune diseases. We have previously shown that high serum interferon alpha (IFN-α) activity is a heritable risk factor for SLE, and we hypothesized that the PTPN22 risk variant may shift serum cytokine profiles to higher IFN-α activity resulting in risk of disease.
IFN-α was measured in 143 SLE patients using a functional reporter cell assay, and TNF-α was measured with ELISA. The rs2476601 SNP in PTPN22 (C1858T) was genotyped in the same patients. Patients were grouped using a clustering algorithm into four cytokine groups (IFN-α predominant, IFN-α and TNF-α correlated, TNF-α predominant, and IFN-α and TNF-α both low).
SLE patients carrying the risk allele of PTPN22 had higher serum IFN-α activity than patients lacking the risk allele (p=0.027). TNF-α levels were lower in risk allele carriers (p=0.030), and the risk allele was more common in patients with an IFN-α predominant or IFN-α and TNF-α correlated cytokine profile as compared to patients with TNF-α predominance or both cytokines low (p=0.002). 25% of male patients carried the risk allele, compared to 10% of female patients (p=0.02), however cytokine skewing was similar in both sexes.
The autoimmune disease risk allele of PTPN22 is associated with skewing of serum cytokine profiles toward higher IFN-α activity and lower TNF-α in SLE patients in vivo. This serum cytokine pattern may be relevant in other autoimmune diseases associated with the PTPN22 risk allele.
Interferon-α (IFNα) levels are elevated in many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may play a primary role in its pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum IFNα activity in SLE patients and their healthy first-degree relatives is highest in early adulthood, when the incidence of SLE is greatest.
Serum samples from 315 SLE patients, 359 healthy first-degree relatives, and 141 healthy unrelated donors were measured for IFNα activity using a functional reporter cell assay. IFNα activity was analyzed in relation to age, and subgroups with high levels of IFNα activity were identified within the large data sets using a Mann-Whitney sliding window segmentation algorithm. The significance of each subgrouping was ranked by Kruskal-Wallis testing.
Age was inversely correlated with IFNα activity in female SLE patients (r = −0.20, P = 0.001) as well as their healthy female first-degree relatives (r = −0.16, P = 0.02). In male patients and their healthy male first-degree relatives, there was no significant overall correlation between age and serum IFNα activity. The segmentation algorithm revealed significantly increased IFNα activity between the ages of 12 and 22 years in female SLE patients and between the ages of 16 and 29 years in male SLE patients. Both male and female healthy first-degree relatives had significantly decreased IFNα activity after the age of 50 years.
Serum IFNα activity is higher in younger individuals in the SLE family cohorts, and this tendency is accentuated in affected individuals. This age-related pattern of IFNα activity may contribute to the increased incidence of SLE in early adulthood, and interestingly, males and females had similar age-related patterns of IFNα activity.
Familial aggregation of autoimmune diseases likely reflects shared pathogenic factors between different diseases. Familial aggregation of autoimmunity has not been examined in juvenile dermatomyositis. Interferon-α is thought to be a pathogenic factor in both systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile dermatomyositis, and we have previously demonstrated familial aggregation of serum interferon-α.
Family histories were obtained from 304 families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis via 3-generation structured interviews performed by the same person. Rates of autoimmune disease in families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis were compared with published population rates. Serum interferon-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and neopterin were measured using standard techniques.
A total of 51% of families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis reported at least 1 additional member affected by an autoimmune disease. In particular, both type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus were significantly more common than would be expected (odds ratio >5, P ≤ 1 × 10−7 for both). Pedigree analysis showed particularly strong familial clustering of systemic lupus erythematosus with little decrease in incidence across generations, suggesting the possibility of rare causal genes with large effect. Untreated subjects with juvenile dermatomyositis with a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus had higher serum interferon-α than those who did not (P = .047).
We find strong familial aggregation of specific autoimmune diseases in families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis, suggesting that these conditions share pathogenic factors. Higher serum interferon-α in juvenile dermatomyositis patients with a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus suggesting that interferon-α is one such shared factor.
juvenile dermatomyositis; systemic lupus erythematosus; diabetes mellitus type I; psoriasis; celiac disease; interferons
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a primary pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and high IFN-α levels may be associated with particular clinical manifestations. The prevalence of individual clinical and serologic features differs significantly by ancestry. We used multivariate and network analyses to detect associations between clinical and serologic disease manifestations and serum IFN-α activity in a large diverse SLE cohort.
1089 SLE patients were studied (387 African-American, 186 Hispanic-American, and 516 European-American). Presence or absence of ACR clinical criteria for SLE, autoantibodies, and serum IFN-α activity data were analyzed in univariate and multivariate models. Iterative multivariate logistic regression was performed in each background separately to establish the network of associations between variables that were independently significant following Bonferroni correction.
In all ancestral backgrounds, high IFN-α activity was associated with anti-Ro and anti-dsDNA antibodies (p-values 4.6×10−18 and 2.9 × 10−16 respectively). Younger age, non-European ancestry, and anti-RNP were also independently associated with increased serum IFN-α activity (p≤6.7×10−4). We found 14 unique associations between variables in network analysis, and only 7 of these associations were shared by more than one ancestral background. Associations between clinical criteria were different in different ancestral backgrounds, while autoantibody-IFN-α relationships were similar across backgrounds. IFN-α activity and autoantibodies were not associated with ACR clinical features in multivariate models.
Serum IFN-α activity was strongly and consistently associated with autoantibodies, and not independently associated with clinical features in SLE. IFN-α may be more relevant to humoral tolerance and initial pathogenesis than later clinical disease manifestations.
systemic lupus erythematosus; interferon alpha; autoantibodies; ancestry
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by the development of granulomas. Any organ system can be involved, and patients may present with any number of rheumatologic symptoms. There are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies for the treatment of sarcoidosis. Diagnosing sarcoidosis becomes challenging, particularly when its complications cause patients’ symptoms to mimic other conditions, including polymyositis, Sjögren syndrome, or vasculitis. This review presents an overview of the etiology of and biomarkers associated with sarcoidosis. We then provide a detailed description of the rheumatologic manifestations of sarcoidosis and present a treatment algorithm based on current clinical evidence for patients with sarcoid arthritis. The discussion will focus on characteristic findings in patients with sarcoid arthritis, osseous involvement in sarcoidosis, and sarcoid myopathy. Arthritic conditions that sometimes coexist with sarcoidosis are described as well. We present two cases of sarcoidosis with rheumatologic manifestations. Our intent is to encourage a multidisciplinary, translational approach to meet the challenges and difficulties in understanding and treating sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis; rheumatic diseases; arthritis; myopathy | <urn:uuid:3f5be349-8d14-4e77-99bf-46314df4425a> | 2013-05-26T02:50:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0203857421875,
-0.0047607421875,
0.0361328125,
-0.005950927734375,
0.1162109375,
-0.1240234375,
-0.006683349609375,
0.14453125,
-0.0439453125,
0.006988525390625,
0.1103515625,
0.00201416015625,
-0.1005859375,
0.10791015625,
0.0284423828125,
-0.0231... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918954 | 7,877 | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/solr/reg?pageSize=25&term=author%3A(%22James%2C+Judith+A%22)&sortby=score+desc&filterAuthor=author%3A(%22Niewold%2C+Timothy+B.%22) | 0.175987 |
Mastitis is a common problem for breastfeeding women. Researchers have called for an investigation into the possible role of maternal nasal carriage of S. aureus in the causation of mastitis in breastfeeding women.
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of maternal S. aureus nasal carriage in mastitis. Other factors such as infant nasal S. aureus carriage, nipple damage, maternal fatigue and oversupply of milk were also investigated. A case-control design was used. Women with mastitis (cases, n = 100) were recruited from two maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia (emergency departments, breastfeeding clinics and postnatal wards). Breastfeeding women without mastitis (controls, n = 99) were recruited from maternal and child health (community) centres and the rooms of a private obstetrician. Women completed a questionnaire and nasal specimens were collected from mother and baby and placed in charcoal transport medium. Women also collected a small sample of milk in a sterile jar.
There was no difference between nasal carriage of S. aureus in breastfeeding women with mastitis (42/98, 43%) and control women (45/98, 46%). However, significantly more infants of mothers with mastitis were nasal carriers of S. aureus (72/88, 82%) than controls (52/93, 56%). The association was strong (adjusted OR 3.23, 95%CI 1.30, 8.27) after adjustment for the following confounding factors: income, private health insurance, difficulty with breastfeeding, nipple damage and tight bra. There was also a strong association between nipple damage and mastitis (adjusted OR 9.34, 95%CI 2.99, 29.20).
We found no association between maternal nasal carriage of S. aureus and mastitis, but nasal carriage in the infant was associated with breast infections. As in other studies of mastitis, we found a strong association between nipple damage and mastitis. Prevention of nipple damage is likely to reduce the incidence of infectious mastitis. Mothers need good advice about optimal attachment of the baby to the breast and access to skilled help in the early postpartum days and weeks. | <urn:uuid:3591951a-3ee2-4906-9f82-da94df1fab1a> | 2013-05-26T03:12:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.02880859375,
0.0137939453125,
0.005859375,
0.00823974609375,
0.1259765625,
-0.042236328125,
-0.00982666015625,
0.11865234375,
-0.026123046875,
-0.062255859375,
0.12353515625,
-0.0036468505859375,
-0.08203125,
0.052490234375,
0.0281982421875,
-0.018... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954785 | 444 | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/solr/reg?pageSize=25&term=jtitle_s%3A(%22BMC+Pregnancy+Childbirth%22)&sortby=score+desc&filterAuthor=author%3A(%22Amir%2C+Lisa+H%22) | 0.190401 |
What is Quartz?
Enterprise Job Scheduler
Quartz is a full-featured, open source job scheduling service that can be integrated with, or used
along side virtually any Java application - from the smallest stand-alone
application to the largest e-commerce system. Quartz can be used to create simple or complex
schedules for executing tens, hundreds, or even tens-of-thousands of jobs; jobs whose tasks are
defined as standard Java components that may execute virtually anything you may program them to
do. The Quartz Scheduler includes many enterprise-class features, such as support for JTA transactions and
Quartz is freely usable, licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.
Please read our overview for more quick information.
7 March 2013: Quartz 2.1.7 Released
Quartz 2.1.7 containing several bug fixes (including a DST bug in CalendarIntervalTrigger) has been released.
13 August 2012: Quartz 2.1.6 Released
Quartz 2.1.6 containing maintenance updates is available..
27 April 2012: Quartz 2.1.5 Released
Quartz 2.1.5 containing a couple critical bugs with JDBC JobStore (introduced with 2.1.4) has been released.
13 April 2012: Quartz 2.1.4 Released
Quartz 2.1.4 containing several bug fixes and improvements has been released.
Thanks again to the community contributors who helped with this release
30 January 2012: Quartz 2.1.3 Released
Quartz 2.1.3 containing a few minor bug fixes has been released.
Thanks you to the community contributors who helped with this release
12 January 2012: Quartz 1.8.6 Released
Quartz 1.8.6 containing several fixes to the 1.x code line has been released. | <urn:uuid:cd7ca391-c9c5-497f-a1e2-b3082a6716fc> | 2013-05-26T02:36:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.010556300170719624,
0.02747989259660244,
0.030328419059515,
0.019688338041305542,
0.02747989259660244,
-0.00034559317282401025,
0.000051708069804590195,
0.10187667608261108,
-0.007121313828974962,
0.002230646787211299,
0.04457104578614235,
0.03786863386631012,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928488 | 383 | http://quartz-scheduler.org/?token=uvtrk1D.TyfoY | 0.409685 |
5 Written Questions
5 Multiple Choice Questions
- v. to judge or estimate the worth,importance,or valuate of something again.
- n. homogeneous liquid mixture.
- v. brake-up or bring to an end.
- adj. incapable of occurring.
- adj. not patient.
5 True/False Questions
impolite → not polite
consult → v. reveal in private
companion → adj. not patient.
preparation → v. the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat
previous → n. care taken beforehand. | <urn:uuid:99f89ee5-b051-4aa4-8273-96face70f4c9> | 2013-05-26T02:50:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.026647286489605904,
0.035368215292692184,
0.008115310221910477,
0.0022105134557932615,
0.11870154738426208,
-0.051356587558984756,
-0.027010658755898476,
0.11385659128427505,
-0.006904069799929857,
-0.04990310221910477,
0.08963178098201752,
0.033914729952812195,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.820486 | 128 | http://quizlet.com/2194751/test/ | 0.273707 |
The singer was found dead earlier today, same day as Ray J's sister Brandy's birthday.
By Sowmya Krishnamurthy
Singers Whitney Houston and Ray J were an unexpected romantic pairing to say the least. Whitney's tumultuous relationship with New Edition singer Bobby Brown was well documented throughout a 14-year union plagued by drugs, abuse and bizarre behavior. Ray was notorious on his own for his fling with Kim Kardashian and his reality TV romantic trysts on "For The Love of Ray J" (as well as being Brandy's little brother). Somehow these two lovebirds found each other.
Rumors swirled about the two as early as 2007. Despite the 17-year age difference, they were seen at industry gatherings like Jay-Z and LeBron James' All-Star game party as well as romantic dinners in Los Angeles at hot spots like Crustacean. They would be on-again/off-again for several years and the relationship would be riddled with gossip involving their respective exes.
Most recently, Whitney and Ray were seen canoodling in Los Angeles. They were spotted dining together at Le Petit Four on Sunset Boulevard on February 3rd. In a show of chivalry, Ray J opened the door for Whitney and made sure she was safely inside the car before shutting the door for her. Tongues wagged over whether the strange couple had reconciled.
Following news of Whitney's death today, sources initially reported that Ray was the one who had found the singer dead. Ray J's rep later refuted those allegations. | <urn:uuid:e2619eb6-922e-408b-a147-975f5562a0a4> | 2013-05-26T03:02:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0008626302005723119,
0.03871527686715126,
0.007899305783212185,
0.01675347238779068,
0.08194444328546524,
0.008854166604578495,
-0.0017144096782431006,
0.0902777761220932,
-0.04149305447936058,
-0.046875,
0.0659722238779068,
0.013888888992369175,
0.06041666492... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988762 | 319 | http://rapfix.mtv.com/2012/02/12/whitney-houston-ray-j-relationship/ | 0.215509 |
New study from Pilots for 9/11 Truth: No Boeing 757 hit the Pentagon - Yahoo! News 'The Pentagon has become a kind of litmus test for rationality in the study of 9/11,' Fetzer said. 'Those who persist in maintaining that a Boeing 757 hit the building are either unfamiliar with the evidence or cognitively impaired. Unless,' he added, 'they want to mislead the American people. The evidence is beyond clear and compelling. It places this issue 'beyond a reasonable doubt'. No Boeing 757 hit the Pentagon.'So there. | <urn:uuid:177b76dc-1082-47ac-ac4b-f1d110126077> | 2013-05-26T02:41:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.046296294778585434,
0.02326388843357563,
0.01770833320915699,
0.005324074067175388,
0.11388888955116272,
-0.06111111119389534,
-0.0173611119389534,
0.11666666716337204,
-0.0005823206156492233,
-0.017939815297722816,
0.03310185298323631,
0.04583333432674408,
-... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89156 | 116 | http://rauterkus.blogspot.com/2007/06/new-study-from-pilots-for-911-truth-no.html | 0.357853 |
Chalupa played his entire 14-game NHL career in a Red Wings uniform in 1984-85, scoring five assists. He also appeared in one game with the Red Wings' farm team in Adirondack.
From 1985 through 1991, Chalupa played with EHC Freiburg in the German Elite League before going into a two-year retirement. However, Chalupa missed playing hockey at the elite level and decided to return for one final season with Dukla Jihlava. In 12 games, he picked up four assists before retiring from pro hockey at the age of 40.
Courtesy of the Hockey Hall of Fame
Ticket Info: 313.471.7575
General Info: 313.471.6606 | <urn:uuid:29ea27b6-dcf9-4fa2-8524-9c609b6292eb> | 2013-05-26T02:50:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.005656452849507332,
0.0036779625806957483,
-0.008167613297700882,
-0.013088474050164223,
0.05235389620065689,
-0.011972402222454548,
0.004591112025082111,
0.07873376458883286,
0.019277596846222878,
-0.05052759870886803,
0.025974025949835777,
0.07305194437503815,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949809 | 153 | http://redwings.nhl.com/club/player.htm?id=8446037&view=bio | 0.645355 |
The goal of the project is to develop tools to open up mobile app black-boxes: for crawling data deep inside apps and for understanding user intents while using apps. We also aim to use the information for better search and advertisement scenarios.
An overview of the project, with scenarios and technical challenges, can be found here.
- SmartAds: contextual ads on mobile aps. See video here.
- AppSearch: search engine over data deep inside apps
- Monkey: a tool to automatically execute an app, by simulating user interactions.
Contact: Suman Nath | <urn:uuid:133b032b-dcc9-47bd-b5a1-f4f303a57d3f> | 2013-05-26T02:56:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.011872539296746254,
0.03248031437397003,
0.032972440123558044,
0.03051181137561798,
0.08661417663097382,
-0.04133858159184456,
-0.009288878180086613,
0.12204724550247192,
-0.00818159431219101,
0.018085630610585213,
0.03469488024711609,
0.022022638469934464,
-... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.825718 | 119 | http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/appcrawler/ | 0.461856 |
Thank you for visiting this Guestbook.
[ Back to Home Page ]
Name: Judith Byar Schwab <a...@> Date: 2001-06-25 Comments:
I enjoy using your sight and have found much of the information quite helpful. Question: would it be possible to have a map site for the census reports? It would be most helpful to know the relationship between the districts and the homes within the district...if such maps are available and able to be posted. Thanks | <urn:uuid:580a95b5-8a05-43ab-88de-d34a12e5f414> | 2013-05-26T02:48:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.027227722108364105,
0.03171410784125328,
-0.0031520731281489134,
0.04269801825284958,
0.09529703110456467,
-0.04362623766064644,
-0.014155321754515171,
0.06806930899620056,
-0.009707611054182053,
-0.03697400912642479,
0.003403465263545513,
0.01817759871482849,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950372 | 100 | http://resources.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~guestbook/cgi-bin/guestbook.cgi?title=KYBRACKE&action=view | 0.567412 |
Dark Sector thrusts players into the role of Hayden Tenno, an operative sent on a dangerous assassination mission into Lasria, an Eastern European city on the brink of ruin that hides a deadly Cold War secret. Attacked by an unknown enemy, he awakens to find part of his body altered by an infection that has granted him inhuman abilities. Now, Hayden must learn to evolve along with his powers, to survive and to become a hero. Created by acclaimed developer Digital Extremes, Dark Sector is a new and original action-thriller designed exclusively for next-generation consoles. A dark, gritty experience packed with fast action, incredible superpowers and an engaging story; Dark Sector represents the next evolution of action gaming. | <urn:uuid:dd8ef37d-3c9a-46ed-94b7-b9a0a49d150f> | 2013-05-26T03:01:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.008966619148850441,
0.0025190874002873898,
0.009721235372126102,
0.018643466755747795,
0.09872159361839294,
-0.038352273404598236,
-0.017844460904598236,
0.14204545319080353,
-0.0078125,
-0.05717329680919647,
0.025035511702299118,
0.029651988297700882,
0.0144... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951205 | 145 | http://reviewanygame.com/dark-sector-xbox-360.html?image=13 | 0.281866 |
By the end of the coming weekend you will probably be sick of hearing about the 100th anniversary of the sinking of RMS Titanic. The tired tales of technological arrogance, of noble men stepping aside for women and children and the cowards who didn't, of third class steerage passengers who didn't stand a chance, etc., etc., etc.
I was preparing to produce one of my parody Photoshops - I had the notion that "OWS" could have easily stood for "Occupy White Star" (White Star Lines being Titanic's owner) when I came across this iconic image that I had seen a million times before:
This is Ned Parfett, a 16-year-old newsboy hawking his papers outside of the White Star offices just off Trafalgar Square the morning after the tragedy. Crowds gathered around the line's three main offices in London, Liverpool and New York for word about potential survivors.
Instead of altering the photo I became interested in young Ned. Like so many boys born in the mid-1890s, Ned was destined to become part of England's "lost generation" that would reach the prime years of their young adulthood just as the First World War would begin to consume the continent. One of four brothers from Cornwall Road, Waterloo to join the British Army for King and Country, Ned served with distinction, winning the Military Medal for gallant conduct.
On October 29th, 1918, less than two weeks before the Armistice, Ned was granted leave. He went to the Quartermaster's office to collect some clothing when the stores were destroyed by a German artillery shell. He was only 22 and the only one of the four brothers that never came home. Ned remains in France at the British War Cemetery at Verchain - Maugre.
The building where newsboy Ned was photographed still stands but the flag that flies on it is not the corporate red banner with the white star. Instead, it is the Lone Star flag of the State of Texas. It is now a Tex-Mex restaurant called the The Texas Embassy.
If there is one thing that we should latch on to in these tragic tales it is the impermanence of it all. Great companies rise and fall, great nations can squander their wealth and power into irrelevance, and brave men can be reduced to weathered grave stones. As the November elections loom, we're headed into our own ice field of debt and political spinelessness and America will either change course or charge full speed ahead. | <urn:uuid:79f73446-acb1-4df8-bb80-053db0d79236> | 2013-05-26T02:49:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0086669921875,
0.029052734375,
-0.0174560546875,
-0.0047607421875,
0.09130859375,
-0.03955078125,
-0.0247802734375,
0.09130859375,
-0.006591796875,
-0.047119140625,
0.04248046875,
0.047607421875,
0.005889892578125,
-0.0177001953125,
0.03466796875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973388 | 513 | http://ricochet.com/main-feed/The-Sidebars-of-History/(comment)/343250 | 0.222249 |
As the years pass, the countries that our world once knew slowly began to fade. As a race, humanity never really grew closer together, but the petty ties that they held on to with their land faded in most countries. A few of them turned to a state of extreme fascism in complete contrast to other countries, especially Japan, China and Russia. The world's technology grew in the technical sense, but the resources that we relied on to run them were being depleting at an alarming rate and alternatives have not been found. On the year 2241, Robert Hughes discovered a resource that had been in the planet all along, but was never previously discovered because of it didn't "exist" in the previously known laws of physics. In certain areas of the Earth's crust, you would sift through the dirt and cycling it through a specialized compression chamber that would extract the resource before returning the rest into the ground. This resource, or energy, is then compacted and sucked into a special container. When this container is spun, it becomes a brilliant green orb that is cold to the touch: Humanity now harnesses pure, clean and most importantly, limitless energy. Hughes called it Flux, believing that the resource is a byproduct of Earth rotating on it's axis, while it takes eons to produce naturally, the ability it has to produce energy indefinitely balances it out. It was found that the faster Flux is rotating, the more energy it produces each second, but it becomes unstable and there is no way to stop a spinning Flux core. This instability can lead to it running wild and breaking free of it's containment unit, shredding everything that the energy touches until it becomes too thin, at which point it evaporates into nothing.
Decades had passed since the discovery of Flux and technology was no longer hindered by a source of power, leading to the creation of cities in the sky, upheld by float generators. People on the ground began to call them Cradles, referring to how lavish the life must be up there. The word Cradle can be used both professionally and as a derogatory word, depending on the context. Now having escaped the pollute world that they had created over a millennium, humanity began to focus on the appearance of their cities and even designing them differently for unique feels, developing a strong desire of travel around the world. However, this life of luxury and excitement in the skies brought a great divide between the white and blue collar jobs in the communities. Those who worked in businesses went to the skies, while the miners and the back-breakers stayed ground side on Mining Platforms. These platforms, or better known as Plates, have several drills that serve as pillars that serve as support beams and mining tools. The cities became so covered with the filth and smoke that was left behind as the coal plants burnt down and the riots had erupted during what became known as the Great Divide, where people took to the newly built Cradles and the remaining some 80% of the world stayed to work on the Plates. The life aboard one of these immense industrial cities is cruel, the shaking that occurs when the drills reach a dense mass of Earth and are the equivalence of the most severe quakes created by the grinding tectonic plates around the world.
However, the need for something to maneuver the growing hazards of mining Flux around drills and the random debris that was generated from the odd work. What were created were Mechanical Frames, several stories of electronics and metal that allowed for a very versatile vehicle to quickly manage the area around the drills. This invention grew much attention however, as the workers on the Plates from all around the world began using them in arranged fights for money. The authorities aboard the mining platforms could not handle the fights as weapons began to be introduced, so the creation of Mechanical Frames in the Cradles began and were released to the Plates to preserve order. At first, the streets were a riot, there were times when up to ten Frames would be fighting one of these Sky-Made Mechanical Frames, that became well known as Judges and end the skirmishes with a death sentence to any who opposed them. If any Judge was ever killed it would seem like two more would come to take it's stead as the High Class began to grow scared of the Low Class and began supporting the Judges. The same was true for the Lower Class feeling oppressed by the Higher Class, feeding towards this rapid rise in rebellion. It was a losing battle, but it sparked into the petty wars that never seem to end even in the worst of circumstances. The wars of the now, year 2513, exist all over the planet between Plate Cities in the barren wastelands that the world has become as a result of harvesting Flux. Even arranged Arena Matches that are fully legalized, have grown very popular on the Plates and even those in the Cradles have taken an interest. Tournaments have even been held where Mechanical Frames are pitted against each other in elimination matches up until the final rounds, where they are reverted to one on ones. Death Wavers prior to entry are mandatory, but ejection systems were quickly developed as the needs for them rose exponentially. Once it started becoming a televised sport, something awful happened...
A race of extraterrestrials invaded the Earth. It was discovered twenty years after they had invaded the planet and killed off a fourth of all life on Earth, that their entire ecosystem revolves around harvesting carbon-based life, breaking it down to a refined state and using this product for reproduction of their species/technology. The extraterrestrial life forms were appropriately named Locust, given their arthropod-like looks and minds. Further research showed that even with the several different species of Locust, they all posses virtually the same organ-system as a mammal except for a reproduction system. Instead, their digestion system doesn't extract minerals from what it consumes, it instead breaks it all down into a gray substance that it secretes into their Hives. The Hives are dual purpose organic structures, used for intergalactic travel and a nest for their species to reproduce. To date, only three Hives have been destroyed since the arrival of the Locust, each of these year-long campaigns have been named after the area that the Hive occupied. To date, nine hives have landed from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, twelve have been created by the Locust here on Earth, totaling twenty-one hives to have existed. When the world began using Nuclear devices on the Hives, the remaining fourteen quickly adapted and changed their structure in days, making themselves immune to Nuclear weapons. This has been proving to be the decisive factor in their ability to survive the invasion: Their ability to rapidly adapt to new weapons and tactics, combined with their rate of reproduction, is horrifying.
There are five known species of Locust: Drones, Tanks, Overseers, Hives, and Bombards. Even though their design is insect-like, they are heavily based off flesh, blood and bones, similar to many animals on earth. The Hive itself is an actual species and this was discovered during the first Hive Campaign when it was sieged, as it possessed veins, bones and reacted to damage incurred on it. The average size of a Hive is thirty thousand meters in width and towering at seventy three thousand meters in height. Overseers are rarely leave a Hive except when the Locusts traverse long distances, as they act as information relays between all Locusts, making them a high priority in defensive situations. They closely resemble a centipede, possessing eyes all over it's body, it is forty meters in length and twelve meters in height. Drones are the most abundant species of Locust, towering over humans at three meters tall. If you were to take a human, give it arms for legs with two elbow joints in each arm and it's torso is also the head. Tanks are not as abundant as Drones with a common rule of thumb being for every Tank, there exists twenty four Drones. They are twenty meters in height and thirty five meters in width, possessing a large berth. The Bombards are not much bigger than Drones, standing at six meters and possessing a similar weight to Tanks. However, they create extremely durable meter-long spikes inside their body that is shot out of a pore on their body with extreme precision and speed. The existence of Bombards has made Locust extremely effective in dealing with aerial units and are the biggest fear for those living in the Cradles. Locusts will never harm another living Locust, so using them as shields and hostages, has been extremely effective though it can be just as dangerous.
Even with all of this going on... Awful rumors have been spreading about the true nature of Flux, though nobody dare repeats the words unless they themselves believe it. There is just no way it could be true. The underground terrorist group that has spread the rumors and are said to have caused the disabling of three Mining Platforms, called Deep, have been the leading cause of inter-human conflict. The Hughes company, who still hold a monopoly on the world even in it's current state, are wasting much money/time on silencing this organization instead of putting it towards fighting off the Locust. After decades of fighting and tremendous losses, the restriction that only males can fill combat-focused jobs was lifted and women are now commonplace in infantry/frame units. The Mechanical Frames that were gaining such popularity are now re-purposed for combat against the Locust, proving to be useful and boost morale significantly. There have been many complaints that they are used to attract young volunteers into service, but a mother's words can only be heard so far in a desperate struggle for survival. As such, roles have been defined in each squad of Mechanical Frames, or Frames for short. They are Vanguard, Vanguard Support and Rear Guard, four of each exist in every squad. Vanguards are the units which perform primarily close-quarters combat and draw enemies towards themselves is their primary purpose. Vanguard Supports are exactly what their name suggests, they assist the Vanguards from a short distance and suppress as many enemy units as they can. While Vanguards are coveted as the most dangerous role, Vanguard Supports are the ones that hold the highest amount of confirmed kills. Last is the Rear Guard which is the most difficult position to perform properly, as it requires a balance between aiding the Vanguards and Vanguard Supports, watching every field of view with the most alert state of mind possible, most sniping oriented units are in the Rear Guard. | <urn:uuid:f4cd08cb-a1ff-4b82-aa39-e2e0176318e4> | 2013-05-26T02:55:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.039794921875,
0.003570556640625,
-0.00238037109375,
0.012939453125,
0.06396484375,
-0.06640625,
0.0013427734375,
0.12060546875,
-0.01177978515625,
-0.04052734375,
0.06640625,
0.0186767578125,
-0.0286865234375,
0.044921875,
0.02001953125,
-0.008178... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979536 | 2,156 | http://roleplayerguild.com/printthread.php?t=188907&pp=10&page=1 | 0.412709 |
Narrated Warrad:(the clerk of Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba) Once Al-Mughira dictated to me in a letter addressed to Mu'awiya that the Prophet used to say after every compulsory prayer, "La ilaha ilallah wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul-mulku wa-lahul-hamdu, wahuwa ala kulli shai in qadir. Allahumma la mani 'a lima a'taita, wa la mu'tiya lima mana'ta, wa la yanfa'u dhal-jaddi minka-l-jadd. (None has the right to be worshipped but Allah and He has no partner in Lordship or in worship or in the Names and the Qualities, and for Him is the Kingdom and all the praises are for Him and He is omnipotent. O Allah! Nobody can hold back what you give and nobody can give what You hold back. Hard (efforts by anyone for anything cannot benefit one against Your Will)." And Al-Hasan said, "Al-jadd' means prosperity." | <urn:uuid:38d2538e-c1ba-41e3-949d-000b33ac2d95> | 2013-05-26T02:36:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0006188914412632585,
0.03227880597114563,
0.009966563433408737,
-0.05092592537403107,
0.04243827238678932,
-0.06841563433408737,
-0.04989711940288544,
0.01877572014927864,
-0.007265946362167597,
0.006880144122987986,
0.04758230596780777,
0.03960905224084854,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864452 | 239 | http://sacred-texts.com/isl/bukhari/bh1/bh1_807.htm | 0.869179 |
The Meaning of the Glorious Qur'ân, by M.M. Pickthall, at sacred-texts.com
77. al-Mursalat: The Emissaries
1 By the emissary winds, (sent) one after another
2 By the raging hurricanes,
3 By those which cause earth's vegetation to revive;
4 By those who winnow with a winnowing,
5 By those who bring down the Reminder,
6 To excuse or to warn,
7 Surely that which ye are promised will befall.
8 So when the stars are put out,
9 And when the sky is riven asunder,
10 And when the mountains are blown away,
11 And when the messengers are brought unto their time appointed -
12 For what day is the time appointed ?
13 For the Day of Decision.
14 And what will convey unto thee what the Day of Decision is! -
15 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
16 Destroyed We not the former folk,
17 Then caused the latter folk to follow after ?
18 Thus deal We ever with the guilty.
19 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
20 Did We not create you from a base fluid
21 Which We laid up in a safe abode
22 For a known term ?
23 Thus We arranged. How excellent is Our arranging!
24 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
25 Have We not made the earth a receptacle
26 Both for the living and the dead,
27 And placed therein high mountains and given you to drink sweet water therein ?
28 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
29 (It will be said unto them:) Depart unto that (doom) which ye used to deny;
30 Depart unto the shadow falling threefold,
31 (Which yet is) no relief nor shelter from the flame.
32 Lo! it throweth up sparks like the castles,
33 (Or) as it might be camels of bright yellow hue.
34 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
35 This is a day wherein they speak not,
36 Nor are they suffered to put forth excuses.
37 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
38 This is the Day of Decision, We have brought you and the men of old together.
39 If now ye have any wit, outwit Me.
40 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
41 Lo! those who kept their duty are amid shade and fountains,
42 And fruits such as they desire.
43 (Unto them it is said:) Eat, drink and welcome, O ye blessed, in return for what ye did.
44 Thus do We reward the good.
45 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
46 Eat and take your ease (on earth) a little. Lo! ye are guilty.
47 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
48 When it is said unto them: Bow down, they bow not down!
49 Woe unto the repudiators on that day!
50 In what statement, after this, will they believe ? | <urn:uuid:49a67765-8961-473b-b465-91c31942fdee> | 2013-05-26T03:04:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.01806640625,
-0.0152587890625,
-0.038330078125,
-0.0238037109375,
0.17578125,
-0.08251953125,
-0.0341796875,
0.072265625,
-0.006317138671875,
-0.0201416015625,
0.058349609375,
-0.00567626953125,
-0.046875,
0.015380859375,
0.03955078125,
0.03198242... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907207 | 686 | http://sacred-texts.com/isl/pick/077.htm | 0.359884 |
Organizers from the neighborhood group Take Back Santa Cruz billed Monday evening's walk as a way to take back the memory of Shannon Collins, 38, from the murderer who stabbed her in broad daylight on the 300 block of Broadway last week.
Some 300 people including Mayor Don Lane, Councilmember Lynn Robinson, Vice-Mayor Hillary Bryant and Police Chiefs Kevin Vogel and Steve Clark walked solemnly over the Laurel Street bridge and onto Pacific Avenue.
They ended up outside , where a family friend read a moving speech from Shannon's husband, Ken Vinson, asking people not to blame Santa Cruz for the murder, but to realize it was a random, isolated act that could have happened anywhere.
"I am asking in the honor and the memory and legacy of Shannon that we strive for peace at this time," Vinson wrote. "I am also aware of the horror, outrage and fear that this unthinkable crime has caused. I realize that everyone is in shock and in disbelief that something like this could happen here."
He noted the large transient population and its problems and added, "I want to be very clear about one thing. None of these caused this crime. A single individual did. There are evil people in this world. This crime could have occurred in any city in any state across our union. It is an utter, utter, utter tragedy that this occurred here and to such a beautiful young woman.
"But I implore you, do not blame the system. Do not blame an entirer population. And most of all, do not blame Santa Cruz.
"Honor my late wife by remembering my late wife. Who she was, who she touched and what she meant. That's what she would have wanted."
He added that a public memorial will be announced later.
"Nothing I've seen in 25 years as an officer in Santa Cruz has left an indelible mark like this," said Police Chief Vogel, who called the walk "an emotional event."
This act happened so quickly and randomly, Vogel said.
"My message to the community is if you see somethings that seem out of the ordinary, they probably are. Call 9-1-1."
Collins was walking along Broadway at 11:50 a.m. last Monday, when she was suddenly attacked by a man jumped out from between two cars. A suspect was arrested minutes after the attack. Charles Anthony Edwards III, of San Francisco, is being held on $1 million bond and will be arraigned May 22.
He has a history of violent offenses in San Francisco.
Vogel also said he'd never seen the community respond in such numbers and so powerfully to a crime in the city.
One of the organizers, Analicia Cube, said that the walk was a way to remember Shannon not for her murder, but for her life. | <urn:uuid:d4ecf1be-93b6-4fbf-9092-8190b6911e4d> | 2013-05-26T02:49:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.01519775390625,
0.0179443359375,
-0.00787353515625,
-0.00011920928955078125,
0.1083984375,
-0.06005859375,
0.0030517578125,
0.1005859375,
-0.0166015625,
-0.060791015625,
0.057373046875,
0.0147705078125,
0.00555419921875,
-0.0390625,
0.057373046875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976068 | 581 | http://santacruz.patch.com/groups/police-and-fire/p/more-than-300-show-up-to-take-back-santa-cruz-after-l9bd03c0bef | 0.207435 |
... so I figure I'll embarrass myself BIG TIME if I'm wrong. RE the Friday strip:
ETA: Well, I *did* embarrass myself, but not quite so bad; it was at least a somewhat more subtle error than it might have been.
The one character says "Feels like point eight Gee", implying that he feels lighter than standard gravity.
The other guy throws a ball and, it's implied, puts it into orbit (today's [Saturday] comic makes it explicit), returning to his hand eleven seconds later, saying "feels like fifteen meters per second".
This is wrong any way I look at it. Normal gravity is about 10m/s^2 (9.8 and change, actually), so point 8 g would be a bit less than 8m/s^2. 15m/s^2 would be approaching two gravities.
However, to achieve orbital velocity on Earth is more like 11 KILOMETERS per second. An orbital velocity of 15 m/sec would be a MINISCULE gravity, something you'd find on a not-terribly huge asteroid, and people would not be walking as you see, nor would the one guy think they were in a 0.8g gravity field.
Also, throwing something at 15 m/sec isn't very fast at all -- that's around 33mph -- but unless that really is orbital velocity, he'd have needed to throw it UP so it would arc, or it would have hit the ground LONG before 11 seconds elapsed. And he'd need to throw it FAR up, because that's 11 seconds of hang time, which means the equivalent of a 5.5 second fall time, or over 150 meters (more than 450 feet!) VERTICAL equivalent in Earth's gravity... which would require throwing it with a vertical component of 55 meters/sec.
I know it's SF, but it's set in a world putatively derived from ours and things like gravity and orbital/projectile mechanics have always seemed to work like ours.
Ok, Petey, let's be honest now: the Toughs have generally followed reasonably moral choices -- given that they are, in fact, mercenaries, they still try to follow more than just the Maxims (though Tagon will often pretend otherwise) and do their jobs in the best way they can. A couple members of the group can probably be described as "sociopaths", but not most of them. It's not their fault that somehow the situations they're involved in end by spiraling up the Doc Smith Hazard Scale. Anyone else in their situations would either have failed, or ended up doing something like the same thing.
Unless you're defining mercenaries to be per se sociopaths, in which case you'll want an entire PLANET to retire ALL mercenaries to.
There is some debate on how much time it takes human knowledge to double nowadays (or how to measure the rate, or what units to use, or... or...), but if we pretend it's measured in sheer data volume and doubles every 15 years (a fairly conservative estimate, it seems), then humanity would use up its 852-yottabyte allotment by 2330. | <urn:uuid:e224fc1b-aeed-49ed-b091-a91c86c88db3> | 2013-05-26T03:03:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0223388671875,
-0.0048828125,
0.0033721923828125,
0.00060272216796875,
0.02685546875,
-0.06689453125,
0.0007476806640625,
0.119140625,
-0.009765625,
-0.05126953125,
0.07861328125,
0.01904296875,
-0.0147705078125,
0.0380859375,
0.037841796875,
0.00... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970876 | 656 | http://schlocktroops.livejournal.com/ | 0.200002 |
Although many faculty survive the tenure review process with unanimous positive votes from their department on up, it is also not unusual for there to be a few negative votes at the stages involving the department or higher level committees, particularly in large departments. That is, although the candidate receives a positive recommendation for tenure, and all votes are a strong majority endorsement of tenure, there might be a few outlier 'no' votes.
Aside from being psychologically painful and perhaps semi- to very devastating to the tenure candidate, despite their ultimate tenure success:
What do these negative votes mean?
There are many possible explanations for the outlier negative votes, but, if this happens to you, one thing these negative votes do not automatically mean is that there are people in your department or on your campus who think you should be denied tenure.
It is possible that the votes mean that, but, from what I've seen, it is more common for there to be a few no votes, even for an overall strong candidate for tenure, for other reasons, including:
The reflexive 'no' vote. Some professors just do this, knowing they will be outvoted, wanting to be outvoted, and proud to be the flag-bearer for impossibly high standards. They don't really want you to lose your job; they just don't want you to think you're so great that you deserve a unanimous positive vote. My advice: Forget the 'no' vote(s), focus on the many 'yes' votes, and don't be a reflexive 'no' voter once you have tenure.
The mini-protest 'no' vote. These voters also don't want you to be thrown out. They think you deserve tenure, but there is something about your record that they don't like, and they are sending you a message about this. This 'something' does not rise to the level of being a cause for tenure denial, so they vote 'no', counting on being in the minority. Ideally, these 'no' voters will indicate what their criticism is (albeit not attributed to anyone in particular) in the letter summarizing the department or committee vote. That way, you will know that one or more faculty had a (small) problem with the number/quality/venues of your publications, think you should put more effort into teaching, or are distressed that you didn't have the right number or type of grants (for example). My advice: Forget the 'no' vote(s), focus on the many 'yes' votes, and try to fix whatever issue has been identified (if you agree that it is a reasonable criticism).
These explanations might not take the sting out of having one or more people vote 'no' in your tenure evaluation, but I think it might be psychologically important for some tenure candidates to know that these outlier 'no' votes do not automatically mean that someone thinks you should be denied tenure. So, if this happens (or has happened) to you, I hope you won't feel (too) paranoid as you wander the corridors or campus byways, that you don't spend hours (years) wondering who voted no, and especially that you won't think about it during faculty meetings, unless it helps pass the time in a more interesting way for you and your suspects, in which case, do whatever it takes to survive.
3 days ago | <urn:uuid:8f9a91d8-768b-4fc5-9deb-2d27ff65d488> | 2013-05-26T02:54:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0186767578125,
0.007110595703125,
0.00872802734375,
-0.0250244140625,
0.09814453125,
-0.06103515625,
-0.00014400482177734375,
0.0859375,
-0.0103759765625,
-0.035400390625,
0.07177734375,
0.032470703125,
-0.083984375,
0.012451171875,
0.0439453125,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97336 | 689 | http://science-professor.blogspot.com/2010/11/actually-we-dont-hate-you.html?showComment=1290628589233 | 0.376699 |
An anonymous reader writes "Elon Musk, founder of PayPal and CEO of SpaceX, is not all that excited about space tourism: he wants to colonize Mars. 'I don't think it's a tragedy that people can't have fun in space. People should be able to go if they want to, but it's no great tragedy if they can't. But I do think it is a great tragedy if humanity can't establish itself on another planet. It's the single most important thing we can do to continue the human race.' SpaceX will launch Falcon I in mid to late January 2005." | <urn:uuid:b8b96a6d-be26-48a0-87a8-e27037d3652b> | 2013-05-26T02:42:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.04196428507566452,
0.0368303582072258,
0.013671875,
0.009486607275903225,
0.09196428209543228,
-0.05937499925494194,
0.006305803544819355,
0.07008928805589676,
-0.02901785634458065,
-0.07991071790456772,
0.05200892686843872,
0.0167410708963871,
-0.07946428656... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970611 | 120 | http://science.slashdot.org/story/04/11/11/1429205/elon-musk-wants-space-colonists-not-just-tourists/insightful-comments | 0.965576 |
Augusta Christine Fells was born on February 29, 1892, in Green Cove Springs, Florida. She began making sculptures as a child, using the natural clay abundant in her area. She liked to sculpt animals and other small figures, but her father didn't approve of it, and did whatever he could to stop her. He was a Methodist minister and believed it was a sin to make "graven images." Savage once said that her father "almost whipped all the art out of me."
"From the time I can first recall the rain falling on the red clay in Florida. I wanted to make things. When my brothers and sisters were making mud pies, I would be making ducks and chickens with the mud."But when he found a statue she sculpted of the Virgin Mary, he changed his mind. She entered some of her pieces into county fairs and won a number of honors. When she could not create a successful career as a sculptor in Florida, she moved to New York City, where she was able to study at the Cooper Union, which offered free tuition, and eventually even gave her a scholarship for her living expenses.
While she was at Cooper Union, she applied for a program to study sculpture abroad in France, but was denied solely because of her race. Instead of taking it lightly, she raised a fuss, wrote letters to the media, bringing attention to the racists practices of the program. The program still refused to accept her, but her life was changed, and she became quite active in the civil rights fight. And she became better acquainted with the movers and shakes in the movement. She was even commissioned to sculpt busts of famous civil rights leaders like W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey.
And she did eventually travel to Paris on the Julius Rosenwald Fellowship, while enabled her study for one year. When she returned to Harlem, she was very active in the art scene, taught classes in the community, and in 1932 established the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts. A few years later, she became the first director of the Harlem Community Arts Center -- which is considered to be the forerunner of similar community arts centers around the country.
Her work is lovely and quite evocative. Of all the pieces I've seen, though, this one is my favorite. | <urn:uuid:9d17c95b-74b7-4417-b17a-f939832e1e62> | 2013-05-26T03:03:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.043212890625,
0.0057373046875,
-0.00140380859375,
-0.010498046875,
0.06103515625,
-0.033447265625,
0.018798828125,
0.09912109375,
-0.0301513671875,
-0.024169921875,
0.0849609375,
0.00012683868408203125,
0.036865234375,
-0.0162353515625,
0.029174804687... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98847 | 473 | http://selfrescuingprincesssociety.blogspot.com/2012_02_01_archive.html | 0.694377 |
I am about to setup a web application that consists of 2 app servers (running php/apache) and 2 db servers (ubuntu slices on slicehost).
The application will be sending approximately 5000 emails a day initially which will grow to 20k-100k within about 3 months as new features get rolled out.
I have never really administered a mail server before so I am not sure what kind of load will start impacting performance.
The mail server (postfix) will have spikes where it will go from 5 emails a minute, to 20k a minute. (although this might be staggered, lets assume its not staggered for now)
Given the basic outline above, do you think it would be beneficial to run another server (slice) which is purely a mail server (outbound, running postfix) thereby shifting all email load over to that server instead of the app servers. Or, is postfix efficient enough that there is no need and a separate server is possibly overkill?
If people could refrain from "Test it and see" that would be good, I am asking for people with experience to comment.
Edit: Postfix will only be sending email, receiving email will be handled by google apps. | <urn:uuid:e600c023-af29-4624-a0ca-37912bb13816> | 2013-05-26T02:42:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.025889597833156586,
0.03239051252603531,
0.02531934343278408,
-0.00256614969111979,
0.023836679756641388,
-0.06888686120510101,
-0.0026516879443079233,
0.0739051103591919,
0.009295164607465267,
-0.01391423400491476,
0.06295620650053024,
0.03946167975664139,
-... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940099 | 247 | http://serverfault.com/questions/57728/postfix-mail-server-outbound-strategy?answertab=votes | 0.177429 |
strkjv@Jeremiah:15:1 @ Then said the LORD Y@hovah# unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind could not be toward this people: cast them out of my sight, and let them go forth.
strkjv@Jeremiah:15:2 @ And it shall come to pass, if they say unto thee, Whither shall we go forth? then thou shalt tell them, Thus saith the LORD Y@hovah#; Such as are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; and such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for the captivity, to the captivity.
bible Jeremiah:15:1-2 -
Jeremiah:15:1-2 Discussion Board:
Discuss this passage:
2012 - pBiblx2 Field Wise Bible System Version 2.0.9d - GPL3 | <urn:uuid:115443fa-8825-448b-95c5-67a46c18cea5> | 2013-05-26T02:44:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.013134057633578777,
-0.015323068015277386,
-0.03698671609163284,
0.0007170893950387836,
0.13405796885490417,
-0.08091787248849869,
-0.02838164195418358,
0.033061593770980835,
0.003642059164121747,
0.009171195328235626,
0.016757246106863022,
-0.015021135099232197,... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917787 | 196 | http://shepherdpuplinux.us/cgi-bin/pbiblx-basic.cgi?Mode=basic&X=x&Css=1h&Version=strkjv&Book=VSEARCH&Chapter=Jeremiah:15:1-2 | 0.606129 |
quality posts: 5
Re: I've heard of the 70's
As a grammar meanie, I have to say that this shirt is correct - the apostrophe belongs anywhere an abbreviation is used - i.e. "CD's", "F-16's", and, of course, "70's".
Those who disagree are probably the same people that would say "your" is used to replace "you are".
On that note, I'd Want One.
Between 2007 and 2010: lots of woots.
quality posts: 0
I really love this graphic! It's something I would be proud to put in a frame and on my wall. I love the colors and everything, I just don't like the placement on the shirt :/ Call me weird, but yea.. good luck though, I may buy one to frame if you win :D
Abraham Lincoln once said, "If you are a racist, I will attack you with the North." | <urn:uuid:6e1e8ed2-6374-4e46-953b-404d37adf158> | 2013-05-26T02:48:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.037790697067976,
0.014026163145899773,
0.0003429324133321643,
-0.002134811133146286,
0.045639533549547195,
-0.02383720874786377,
-0.007013081572949886,
0.044476743787527084,
-0.015915697440505028,
-0.02500000037252903,
0.03125,
0.0404069758951664,
0.009375000... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948413 | 201 | http://shirt.woot.com/Forums/viewpost.aspx?postid=1850786&pageindex=12&replycount=722 | 0.735593 |
Fiddler on the Roof is regarded as one of the most famous stage and film musicals. It opened on Broadway on September 22, 1964 with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and libretto by Joseph Stein. Zero Mostel played the protagonist, Tevye the Milkman, Maria Karnilova his wife Golde, Beatrice Arthur as Yente the Matchmaker, and Bert Convy as Perchik the student revolutionary.
Tevye was played by Chaim Topol in later productions; he also starred in the successful 1971 film adaptation by Norman Jewison. Other actors that have played Tevye on stage have included Alfie Bass, Herschel Bernardi, and Theodore Bikel.
The musical was revived on Broadway for the fourth time in 2004, with Alfred Molina (and later Harvey Fierstein) as Tevye and later Rosie O'Donnell as Golde. The revival closed on January 8, 2006.
The story is based on Tevye and his Daughters, or Tevye the Milkman by the Russian Jewish author Sholom Aleichem, originally published in 1949.
A version of Fiddler on the Roof was created by Joseph Stein called Fiddler on the Roof, Jr. for middle to elementary schools. This version cuts out a few of the scenes, including the dream sequence, to make it shorter.
The play is set in the tiny Jewish shtetl (town) of Anatevka in Tsarist Russia in 1905.
The story centers on Tevye's attempts to maintain his family and religious traditions while adapting to new pressures. These manifest themselves chiefly in the strong-willed actions of Tevye's eldest three daughters, who each select her own husband, contrary to tradition. In both the film and stage production, Tevye has five daughters.
The play's name stems from a painting by Marc Chagall, one of many surreal paintings he created of Eastern European Jewish life. The Fiddler is a metaphor of survival through tradition and joyfulness. In the 1971 film adaptation, the violin music was played by Isaac Stern.
The action opens with a lone fiddler standing on a roof playing a tune, as Tevye tells the audience about the customs of his people and about how they have lived all their lives in Anatevka. He equates life in Anatevka with being a "fiddler on a roof": trying to scratch out a simple, pleasant tune without breaking his neck. "How do we keep our balance?" he asks. "That I can tell you in one word: Tradition!" (Tradition)
At Tevye's home, everyone is busy preparing for the Sabbath meal. Golde, the matriarch, is ordering the five daughters about, and Tzeitel, the eldest daughter, spots Yente, the matchmaker, on her way to their house. Yente tells Golde that Lazar Wolf, the town's butcher and a wealthy man, older than Tevye, wants to marry Tzeitel, but Tevye must first meet Lazar and arrange the deal. Yente leaves, asking Golde to tell her how it goes.
The two middle daughters Hodel and Chava, talk about their excitedness over an arranged marriage, but Tzeitel warns them not be so hasty because they are so poor, that they will probably have to take whatever husband Yente brings. (Matchmaker, Matchmaker)
Tevye is late arriving home because his horse has broken his foot (a running joke of the play, as the horse never actually appears, although the play takes place over the course of something like a year). He prays to God and asks him why he could not have been a rich man. He finds no shame in being poor, but complains that there's no great honour in it either. He imagines his life as a rich man. (If I Were a Rich Man (song))
The men of the village confront Tevye, as he is late delivering their milk and cheese. Avram, the bookseller, has news from the outside world and tells them of pogroms and expulsions. A student from Kiev, Perchik, overhears them and scolds them for doing nothing more than talk. Significantly, Perchik, alone among the men, is clean-shaven; he wears more modern clothing and no tallit katan, the traditional four-cornered garment with tzitzit. Most of the townspeople dismiss Perchik as a woolly-headed radical, but Tevye takes a liking to him and invites him home, offering him room and board in exchange for tutoring the five daughters. The two arrive home to meet the family. Motel Kamzoil, a tailor, who has been friends with Tzeitel since childhood, arrives. Golde tells Tevye to meet Lazar after the Sabbath, she does not tell him what it is about because she knows Tevye does not like Lazar. Tzeitel tells Motel that he must talk to Tevye that night and ask for her hand in marriage immediately. This is against tradition, as a matchmaker normally arranges marriages - and Motel is just a poor tailor. Motel fails to gather the courage to ask, and he runs out of time as everyone settles in for the beginning of the Sabbath meal. (Sabbath Prayer)
After Sabbath, Tevye goes to Lazar's house. Tevye, after clearing up the initial misunderstanding about the milk cow, eventually agrees to let Lazar marry Tzeitel. Teyve and Lazar then go off together to Mordcha's inn, where everyone is drinking, to celebrate. All of the patrons of the inn, including a group of well-meaning Russians, join in the festivities and everyone drinks merrily. (To Life)
Outside of the inn, a drunken Tevye meets the Russian Constable, who has been assigned to watch over the Jews in the town. He explains to Tevye that there is going to be a "demonstration" in the coming weeks (although supposedly not an actual pogrom). Tevye is saddened by this, but the Constable says he is powerless to stop it, and that he expects that no one will actually be hurt. After the Constable left, Tevye meets the fiddler and dances with him home.
The next morning, a hungover Tevye delivers the news to Tzeitel and the family that she will be marrying Lazar Wolf. Golde is overjoyed, but Tzeitel is horrified and pleads with Tevye not to make her marry Lazar because she would be unhappy. Tevye relents and allows Motel, who eventually stands up to Tevye, to marry Tzeitel.(Tevye's Monologue) Motel celebrates with Tzeitel. (Miracle of Miracles)
At first unsure how to break the news to his wife Golde, Tevye concocts a dream in which Golde's departed Grandmother Tzeitel returns from the grave to bless the marriage of Tzeitel and Motel, not Lazar. In the same dream, Lazar's late wife, Fruma Sarah, warns of severe retribution should Tzeitel marry her husband-in-life Lazar. Golde is so frightened that she agrees that Tzeitel will marry Motel. (Tevye's Dream)
The wedding is set and everyone arrives to celebrate. Tevye and Golde marvel at how the two children have grown. Hodel and Perchik ponder if they will ever be wed. (Sunrise, Sunset)
At the reception, there is much dancing and celebration. (The Bottle Dance) Lazar causes a scene, angry that it should have been his wedding. Perchik finally ends the fighting by breaking yet another tradition: he crosses the barrier between the women and the men and dances with a girl, Hodel. To save face, Tevye grabs Golde to dance with him and Motel grabs Tzeitel. Soon, everyone, including the Rabbi, is dancing. The dance is abruptly stopped by the Constable who says that tonight is the night for the demonstration. He apologizes but sends in soldiers who destroy almost everything at the wedding and wound Perchik, who attempts to fight back. After they leave, Tevye wearily tells everyone to clean up.
As Act II opens, Tevye prays to God about the last act. He calls it "quite the dowry." He asks if God has the time, to give Motel his new sewing machine to help business go faster.
Perchik tells Hodel he must return to Kiev to help the revolution. He explains that the pogrom at the wedding was not an isolated incident and that it will happen again. Perchik, and others like him, are gathering to stand against the Tzar of Russia. Hodel does not like it that Perchik is simply leaving and she fails to understand his reasons. He asks if they can be engaged as he loves her and wants her to know that even though they are apart, he will always be hers. She agrees. (Now I Have Everything)
Tevye is not so agreeable to this news. At first, he will not allow Perchik to be engaged to Hodel, because the first thing he's doing is abandoning her. When he forbids them, they inform he they are not asking for his permission, only his blessing. This shocks him, but he finally relents. (Tevye's Rebuttal)
Tevye explains these events to Golde who is not happy with the news either. He says they are powerless to stop it though, this breaking of tradition. This love, he says, it's a new style. Tevye then wonders if Golde loves him. Golde is at first hesitant to answer as she thinks it is irrelevant at this time with all of her daughters getting married off without her consent and because it's kind of pointless after 25 years of marriage anyway. Tevye explains that even though theirs was an arranged marriage, his parents said they would soon learn to love each other anyway.(Do You Love Me?) At the end of the song, they realize their love for each other.
News spreads quickly in Anatevka. (The Rumour) Hodel receives word that Perchik has been arrested and decides she must go to be with him. Tevye is saddened by this but Hodel explains that her home is no longer with him but she will always love her family. But she now has love for Perchik as well. (Far from the Home I Love)
Chava has fallen for a young Russian man named Fyedka. She finally gathers the courage to ask Tevye to allow the marriage, but this is the line Tevye will not cross. He will not allow Chava to marry outside of the faith. Chava disobeys and elopes with Fyedka, before running off. Tevye wonders where he went wrong. (Chavaleh)
Even with all the good news in town, like the arrival of Tzeitel and Motel's new sewing machine and child, the Constable tells everyone they have three days to sell everything and leave the town. After they recover from the shock, they sing about how miserable their town was, but about how it is still their home.(Anatevka)
And so the Jews of Anatevka leave. Lazar Wolf is going to Chicago to live with his brother-in-law. Tzeitel and Motel are going to Warsaw until they can come to America to live with Tevye and his family, who are all going to live with Uncle Avram in New York. Hodel is still in Siberia with Perchik. Yente is going to the Promised Land (Israel, then part of the Ottoman Empire) to matchmake there. Chava returns with Fyedka to try and get Tevye to relent. Though he does not speak directly to her, he tells Tzeitel, as Chava is leaving, that he hopes God will be with them. Everyone says their good-byes and the Fiddler is invited along with Tevye (the original theatrical ending and the movie's ending) or is left behind in Anatevka (the new revival's ending).
Relation to Sholom Aleichem's Tevye
In The Jewish Century, Yuri Slezkine argues that Fiddler Americanizes Tevye, and that Sholem Aleichem's Tevye actually despises the United States.
However in a later book, Adventures of Motel the Cantor's Son, Aleichem expressed great admiration for the United States, and enthusiasm for the idea of immigrating there. He had chosen that path himself, and so one might argue it is likely his character Tevye would have, too.
The HP Lovecraft Historical Society publish a parody of "Fiddler on the Roof", called "A Shoggoth on the Roof", which incorporates the works of HP Lovecraft. Attempts to stage it, however, were met with legal challenges from the producers of "Fiddler on the Roof". A more successful attempt to stage the parody was made by the Swedish amateur theatrical company Teater Tentakel. "A Shoggoth on the Roof" (sw. "En shoggoth på taket") was played three nights in a row during a Lovecraft convention called MiskatoniCon in 2005. It was a huge hit.
In the late 1960s, Mad Magazine published a parody of Fiddler on the Roof called Antenna on the Roof, which speculated about the lives of Tevye's decendents living in 1960s suburban America.
In Disney's direct-to-video sequel,The Lion King 1 1/2,Timon and Pumbaa sing this:
The best-known songs from the tuneful but unconventional score are "If I Were A Rich Man", "Sunrise, Sunset" and "Matchmaker, Matchmaker". In 1993, British reggae duo, Louchie Lou And Michie One released a reggae adaptation of "If I Were A Rich Man" entitled "Rich Girl", which became a dancehall hit in America and was popular across Europe. In November 1999, Knitting Factory Records released the Knitting On The Roof compilation CD, featuring covers of Fiddler songs by alternative bands such as The Residents, Negativland, and The Magnetic Fields. In late 2004, Gwen Stefani released a hit song called "Rich Girl" which was based on Louchie Lou And Michie One's earlier single. Indie rock band Bright Eyes recorded an adaptation of Sunrise, Sunset on their 2000 album Fevers and Mirrors. In 2005, Melbourne punk band Yidcore released a reworking of the entire show called Fiddling On Ya Roof
The Broadway production won nine Tony Awards:
The film won three Academy Awards, including one for arranger-conductor John Williams.
Trivia and references | <urn:uuid:b309e9ac-8797-44d4-a04c-44edf18bd392> | 2013-05-26T02:48:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.02294921875,
0.00885009765625,
-0.0216064453125,
-0.006866455078125,
0.0791015625,
-0.042236328125,
-0.01190185546875,
0.10498046875,
-0.0400390625,
-0.07421875,
0.021240234375,
0.021484375,
0.0400390625,
0.00244140625,
0.0341796875,
0.014709472656... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974117 | 3,163 | http://showsdata.stageagent.com/index.php?info_type=3&id=730 | 0.650572 |
Twenty-five modified Kfir C.1s were leased to the US Navy and the US Marine Corps from 1985 to 1989, to act as adversary aircraft in dissimilar air combat training (DACT). These aircraft, designated F-21A Kfir, had narrow-span canard foreplanes and a single small rectangular strake on either side of the nose which considerably improved the aircraft's maneuverability and handling at low speeds.
The 12 F-21 aircraft leased to the US Navy, painted in a three-tone blue-gray "ghost" scheme, were operated by VF-43, based at NAS Oceana. In 1988 they were returned and replaced by the F-16N. The 13 aircraft leased to the United States Marine Corps were operated by VMFT-401 at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma. In addition to the blue-gray painted aircraft, the USMC also had some F-21s painted in Israeli colors and desert "flogger" schemes. These aircraft were replaced by F-5Es when the F-21s were returned in 1989.
Kfirs are also used by ATAC, a civilian company that provides fleet tactical aircraft and services to the US military. ATAC provides airborne tactical training, threat simulation, and research & development. They are based in Newport News, VA and also operate the Saab 35 Draken.
Good people sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.
Someday your life will flash in front of your eyes. Make sure it is worth watching. | <urn:uuid:edd8b74f-1871-466f-8b38-495d2d552a30> | 2013-05-26T03:10:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.015456989407539368,
0.021421371027827263,
-0.021841397508978844,
-0.0035702285822480917,
0.0463709682226181,
-0.09543010592460632,
-0.013104838319122791,
0.09005376696586609,
-0.04183467850089073,
-0.021337365731596947,
0.11155913770198822,
0.05880376324057579,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982815 | 327 | http://simhq.com/forum/ubbthreads.php/topics/3394413/Re_The_Aircraft_Identificaion_.html | 0.912044 |
Throughout the series, the Tracey Ullman shorts have been referenced.
- The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular
- Children of a Lesser Clod
- When Homer is putting the kids in the back of a police car, Ralph asks "Where are we going?", to which Homer replies by saying to get some frosty chocolate milkshakes.
- Gump Roast
- During the song "They'll Never Stop The Simpsons", Ullman shorts is one of the lines.
- Treehouse of Horror XIII
- One of Homer's clones is the Ullman Homer.
- You Kent Always Say What You Want
- The short Family Portrait replaces a couch gag.
- How I Wet Your Mother
- In one of the dream sequences, an Ullman-style Simpson family go for family therapy.
|This article is a stub. You can help the Simpsons Wiki by embiggening it.| | <urn:uuid:046cf5ea-4be7-42aa-85cb-ac3155bca95b> | 2013-05-26T02:41:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0071428571827709675,
-0.0062127974815666676,
-0.0045944941230118275,
0.014583333395421505,
0.07857143133878708,
0.01770833320915699,
-0.0026413691230118275,
0.04255952313542366,
-0.009821428917348385,
-0.02648809552192688,
0.02589285746216774,
0.02336309477686882,... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890883 | 194 | http://simpsons.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_references_to_the_Tracey_Ullman_Shorts_in_episodes | 0.211008 |
Along with SPP, RP, WP and SDA, SDP has just announced that it is interested in contesting in Ponggol East SMC when the by election is held.
In a multi-corner fight with the opposition putting up credible candidates, the votes will be split and the PAP will win in Ponggol East. In fact the more credible and the stronger the opposition candidates and the harder they campaign in a multi-cornered fight, the more likely the PAP candidate will win because the votes on the opposition side will become more evenly divided.
Some argue that giving voters more choices is good for democracy. This is not true. There is an artifact in our winner take all system that we should all be aware of before we make such statements. Suppose there are 3 candidates in an election, 2 centrist and one right wing candidate. 40% of the voters want a right wing candidate and 60% want someone centrist. Under our system the right wing candidate would win if the votes are evenly split between the centrist candidates, although 60% does not want him. Our system will not give the right result. The way some countries fix this is to drop the candidate with the fewest votes in the first round, then do a run-off election. In Israel they designed a proportional representation system to overcome this. In Australia (I think), voters rank the candidates (1st Choice, 2nd Choice, 3rd Choice etc), the votes of the weakest candidates goes the 2nd choice of the voters who selected that candidate - this has the same effect as a runoff election.
Due to this artifact in our system, there is a possibility that the emerging strength of opposition can be played to the advantage the PAP. As more capable and qualified people join opposition parties, the chances of multi corner contests increases because each party has more candidates to field and more resources for election...disunity and rivalry can result in self-inflicted wounds for the opposition.
You can see the potential problems coming in 2016 because in the 2011 election the opposition parties collectively already have sufficient resources to contest in every constituency. In 2016, you can expect each party to recruit even more people given the way things are going in Singapore and avoiding multi corner fight becomes more critical.
Coincidently, Punggol East SMC was the only place in the electoral map in GE2011 with a 3-corner fight. The opposition won 45.5% of the votes in total so it is possible for the opposition to win there. It is hard for the PAP to find someone to replace Palmer who served the residents for quite a few years. He received only 54% of the votes because of profile of the voters - the voters in Punggol East are young and this is the group that has felt the negative effects of PAP policies. In a by-election setting, chances of an opposition win increases further because voters are less worried about an abrupt disruptive change of govt.
The most logical and sensible thing to do now to further the opposition's cause is to put the support behind the opposition candidate that ran in the recent 2011 General Election and did relatively well there. A change of candidate and parties will give the voters the feeling of "come and go"opposition and waste the effort of earlier campaign that won 40+% of the votes. A multi-corner fight will be a complete disappointment for opposition supporters and produce a lose-lose situation for the opposition parties.
"In the interest of furthering the opposition cause, NSP has decided not to create a multi-cornered fight by contesting" - NSP Statement.
If this is the most logical thing to do, why only one opposition party, the NSP , is enlightened enough to publicly announce it is making a logical decision not to take part? The other parties throwing their hats into ring really evokes fears among opposition supporters of disunity, rivalry and inability to grasp the bigger picture. I'm actually not so pessimistic. Remember in the GE2011 election, once it was announced, the opposition parties show that they could get a deal done to avoid 3-corner fights everywhere except in Ponggol East SMC.
The opposition parties should start discussing not just about the coming by election but the 2016 General Election. They should settle the issue of where they are contesting early so that all parties can start investing their resources in specific areas. This is what I hope this whole business of expressing an interest to run in Ponggol East is about .. strategic bargaining.... to get some concession on where to contest in 2016 and put in place a strategy. They can all walk away winners...or end up inflicting injury on each other and lose a chance to take another seat from the PAP. They can show that they are all matured and grown up ready to further the opposition cause or show they are just bickering schoolboys unable to stand together to get something done. Singapore really needs them to get their act together because the PAP can't seem to solve the people's problems these days. | <urn:uuid:bc10c7ca-d13b-4e18-884a-6b136513da63> | 2013-05-26T02:40:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.006317138671875,
0.0277099609375,
-0.0025634765625,
0.0029144287109375,
0.10498046875,
-0.06884765625,
-0.032470703125,
0.078125,
0.014892578125,
-0.042724609375,
0.078125,
0.001739501953125,
-0.0284423828125,
0.05712890625,
0.0303955078125,
0.0042... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966404 | 1,033 | http://singaporemind.blogspot.com/2012/12/ponggol-east-5-corner-fight-hope-it-is.html?showComment=1356743918895 | 0.212573 |
Dixie, dressed up as Snow White, was getting the house ready for the costume party. Tad told her the haunted house was ready. The phone rang and Jesse told Tad to have Dixie get it. When Dixie was gone, Jesse told Tad to call the hospital and find out if David Hayward was there so they could search his cabin. Just then Tad's cell phone rang. It was Pam, Leslie's sister. She told Tad she had to re-institutionalize Leslie because his contact with her had caused her to have a relapse. She told Tad to stay out of their lives. Tad rejoiced that Leslie was locked up again and out of his way. Tad got through to the hospital and found out David was at the hospital. As he related this to Jesse, Dixie came back into the room. She was upset that Liza had called and cancelled. She told Tad several others had also called with their regrets. The phone rang again and Dixie went to answer it. Jesse tried to rush Tad into going to David's cabin while he was at the hospital. David and Jesse continued to argue. Jesse blamed Tad for all his troubles. He wanted to nail Hayward fast and get out of there. Tad joked about that, which only frustrated Jesse more. Dixie returned with Opal. Tad told her he had to run to the office, but would be back very quickly. Opal sensed something as Tad walked by her, but couldn't figure it out.
Meanwhile, Leslie turned from the phone after speaking to Tad. She was wearing a wig similar to Pam's hair. She had on a white gown. As she moved from the phone she said, "Get ready, Tad. Here comes the bride!" Leslie put on her veil, picked up her keys and purse and began to hum the Wedding March as she left.
Dixie's costume party was becoming quite the failure. Opal handed out the cider to Jamie's friends, as Brooke and Dixie watched. As they chatted, Jake walked in with Greenlee. He explained that he stopped by to let them know he wouldn't be able to help out at the party because they were going out of town for the rest of the week. Brooke snidely asked Jake what she owed him. Greenlee wanted to know what Brooke meant. Brooke said Jake was clearly getting her out of town so she wouldn't disrupt the wedding. Brooke thought she should pay him for that. Jake told Brooke to leave Greenlee alone. With that, Brooke turned and said she had to go. After Brooke left, Jake said the other reason he was there was for Greenlee to get to know the family better. He left to look around. Opal and Dixie tried to make small talk with Greenlee, but it was very uncomfortable for all of them. Greenlee finally excused herself and went out on the front porch for a breath of fresh air. Suddenly a man in a werewolf mask walked up to her and touched her shoulder. When Greenlee gasped, Jake whipped off the mask. Greenlee was upset that Jake had brought her there. She said she'd tell him about the whole family thing in the car. As they walked away, there was a rustling sound in the bushes. Someone wearing a white gown was slowly approaching the house. Inside, Opal decided to get Petey and leave by the back door. Dixie sunk down onto the sofa when she heard a knock at the door. A woman dressed in white with a veil over her face was standing there. Dixie looked in horror as she realized it was Leslie. Dixie slammed the door and ran to the phone. She called Tad and frantically told him "she" was there and to come home. Someone was rattling the door, trying to get in. Dixie picked up her phone again and called the police.
David arrived at the hospital when a resident approached him and told him he had paged him over an hour ago. David rudely informed him he had taken care of the patient and he didn't need lip from a first year resident.
Greenlee had given Jake a ride to work. As they entered the hospital, Greenlee said she had an idea. She told him to get his paperwork handled and they could leave early on their trip. She would go home and pack for him. She tried to get him to tell her where he was taking her so she would know what to pack. He smiled and kissed her. As they were kissing, Leo and Laura walked in. Seeing Jake and Greenlee, they start to walk the other way. Greenlee said hello to them and Jake asked if Laura had a physical problem. Laura said she was there to see David. She just wanted to make sure she was 100% before her wedding. Greenlee gushed about her trip with Jake. She added that while they were celebrating their wedding, she would be with Jake on a sunny beach somewhere, drinking tequila, relaxing and basking in the romance. When Laura's phone rang, Greenlee chided her for having it on in the hospital. Laura took her phone and walked out of the building to answer it. Jake got called to help a patient. As he walked away, he warned Greenlee not to bait. Leo walked up to Greenlee and told her he hoped she had a good time at the resort with Jake. He said he wanted her to be happy. Greenlee asked if this was where she was supposed to wish him happiness. He told her to back off. He just wanted peace. Jake returned and said he got coverage and could take off. He was all hers. As they left, they walked past Laura. Once they were past, Laura told the person on the phone to just do what she was paid to do and hung up. Leo came outside and asked who she was talking to. Laura told him it was the seamstress. Leo said that unless it was an emergency, David wouldn't be able to see her right now. She said it was just a checkup. Laura told Leo he should see a doctor. She felt he didn't look well. Leo said he was fine. Laura kept pushing by insinuating that maybe it was seeing Greenlee again that made him look that way. Now definitely irritated, Leo told her he was fine and walked away.
At the hospital, Edmund stopped a nurse and told her he was looking for a friend of his who had been missing since the night before. She told him she would check and asked for the name. Edmund told her the missing person was Anna Devane. After the nurse had checked the patient list, she returned and told Edmund there was no Anna Devane listed. David overheard them and walked up to Edmund. He wanted to know why he was looking for Anna in the hospital. Edmund explained that her daughter had called and Edmund was worried. David insisted that he was the doctor in charge and would take care of her, when Jake walked up and said, "not anymore. I just got paged." David angrily left the room. Edmund went into the hallway and met Brooke there. Edmund told her Anna hadn't been in an accident. He told Brooke Anna had said one thing - "Proteus." He also stated Anna hadn't wanted David anywhere near her. David had been paged. They felt it wasn't from the hospital, because he left the building.
Anna's damaged car was sitting along side the road against a tree. Anna was lying unconscious along side the car. Just then a car approached. It was Tad. He rushed over to her and tried to wake her. Jesse was not able to pick up anything on her, either. Tad frantically called for an ambulance, telling the dispatcher she looked bad.
Tad followed the gurney in. David was the admitting doctor. As he checked her over, Edmund rushed up and wanted to know what happened. Tad explained she had been in a car accident. Tad told him where he had found her and Edmund couldn't understand why she had been way out there. Just then they heard David shout she was coming to. As Anna opened her eyes, David kept calling her name. Anna looked at him and said, "Get away from me, you bastard!" As David tried to soothe her, Anna kept telling him to get away from her. She wanted another doctor. As David tried to talk to her, Edmund grabbed him and told him to get away from her. David wanted to examine her, but Edmund pushed him away. He turned back to Anna and she told him it wasn't an accident. Then she whispered, "Proteus!"
Jake had Anna under his care. She looked around the room nervously and wanted to know if David was still there. Jake questioned why she was so afraid of David. Jake explained to Edmund and Brooke that he had to run some tests to find out what happened. Brooke felt she might have fallen to sleep at the wheel. Edmund thought it might be something else. If it was Hayward, Edmund was going to nail him.
At SOS Laura was not happy with the little party Leo had set up for their wedding. She didn't like the black spiders. He told her his costume was going to be a striped suit with a ball and chain. Just then a redheaded woman walked in. Laura excitedly called out to her, calling her Susie. She came over to Laura and they hugged, gushing like old school chums. As she hugged Laura, Susie whispered that Laura owed her $200 right now. Leo left them to go unload some party supplies. Once he was gone, Susie asked for her money again. Apparently Laura had hired the actress to be the maid of honor. She warned "LaLa" if she didn't get her money she would leave. Laura told her to play up the friendship part to everyone there. Leo returned and Susie gushed at how happy Laura was. Leo went to get them drinks and Susie said she like the way Leo looked. Laura grabbed her arm and told her if she went near Leo, she'd be dead. Leo returned to the table with their drinks and pulled up a chair. He offered a toast to their maid of honor. Susie played the part well. She told a sad story about her rough life and "LaLa" stepped in and saved her. Laura said she had to pay the caterers and told Leo to stay and get acquainted with Susie. As Laura walked out the door, she turned and smiled, saying, "You take care of my friend, Leo - I'll take care of yours!" Leo and Susie continue to chat. Susie wanted to know what Leo loved about Laura. He said that sometimes when he wakes up in the morning he looks at her and says, "Greenlee, how did I get so....." Stopping, he realized his slip. Susie's curiosity was up. She wanted him to tell her who Greenlee was or she'd have to ask Laura.
Meanwhile, Laura went to the hospital and slipped the napkin she had "doctored" under the door of Jake's office. Greenlee was inside and saw the napkin - which said, "Greenlee, I have to see you. Come to SOS. Leo."
Dixie was frantic as Tad and Jesse rushed in. She said she had seen Leslie and was very frightened. Tad opened the door and checked outside. He found a smashed pumpkin outside. He tried to smooth things over with her, but she remained skeptical that it was Leslie. Tad convinced her to go change clothes for the rehearsal and to cancel the 911. Tad and Jesse argued. Jesse was upset because he had lost some of his powers and couldn't sense if Leslie had been there or not. Tad said he had to go upstairs and get ready for a party. He was losing his powers and couldn't make himself leave. Lying down on the sofa, he didn't notice Leslie come in through the back door.
Jesse was lying on the sofa at Tad's, apparently sleeping while Leslie was snooping around the house. He woke up, sensing that "the crazy broad is here!" and looked around until he spotted Leslie. Jesse tried to make some sort of contact with Leslie, to freak her out but the best he could do was to knock a flower vase to the floor. This startled Leslie but she continued lurking about the house. She went upstairs and returned carrying Tad's tux. Jesse had fallen to the floor and he reached up, grabbing the bottom of the tux. He pulled as Leslie tugged back. She looked around and saw no one in the house and said to herself "Maybe I should go back on those meds!." She left the living room with the tuxedo and Jesse struggled to get off the floor and follow her.
At the bar in SOS Ryan joined Leo and grabbed his drink, downing it in one gulp. He handed his motorcycle keys to Leo and Leo said that was a good idea, at least until Ryan sobered up. Ryan said no, he wanted Leo to take his bike and get out of town, leave the wife he doesn't love. Leo looked long and hard at the keys. Meanwhile at the Valley Inn Laura was beginning to panic because Leo was late for the rehearsal dinner. Brooke tried to calm her while Edmund went into the lobby and tried to call Leo. While Leo was staring at the motorcycle keys his phone rang and he answered it. It was Edmund who told Leo he was late for the dinner and that Laura was getting upset. Leo told him to tell Laura he wasn't coming, that he needed to help a friend. He asked Edmund to have everyone put on their costumes and come on over to the party. Edmund agreed and they hung up. Ryan tried to talk Leo into leaving town but Leo refused. Ryan poured himself another drink but Leo took it away . Ryan said he thinks the problems he and Leo have are because of their fathers. "They brought us into this world but never gave a damn about us!" Chris Stamp listened in while Leo said maybe their fathers didn't keep any promises but that he wasn't going to break his promise to Laura. Ryan smiled at him and told him he was a good man. Mia showed up and Leo asked her to watch out for Ryan as he left to get dressed for the costume party.
Edmund joined Brooke and Laura and told them what Leo had said. Laura got very upset but Edmund was able to calm her down by saying Leo was helping a friend and that's what makes Leo Leo. Susie showed up and demanded to be paid even if the wedding didn't take place. Laura told her she'd get her money after the wedding. Laura turned to her mother and Edmund and apologized for getting so nasty. "Leo and I don't need a rehearsal, we have a real marriage and no one can take that away." They all left to go to the party at SOS.
Brooke and Edmund arrived at SOS dressed as old west characters. She told him he was great with Laura earlier and he kissed her. They watched as other costumed guests entered SOS and then followed them inside. There they found Leo dressed in prison garb, complete with a ball and chain.
Tad and Dixie arrived in gangster attire. Dixie was more relaxed and said she was sorry she'd gotten so worked up over the strange bride that appeared at their house. Jesse showed up and searched the club for Tad. Finally Tad saw him and was shocked at how bad Jesse looked "For a dead guy you don't look so hot!." Jesse could only say one word "Leslie!." After a moment he was able to tell Tad to follow him but that Dixie couldn't come with them. Tad told Dixie he had to step out for a moment but would be back soon. She was disappointed but said ok. Tad and Jesse left and Jesse took him back to his own house. They walked around the living room and Jesse could barely speak. He was able to say Leslie's name again but it was too late. Leslie came out of the shadows and hit Tad on the head with a shovel and knocked him out cold.
Opal and Erica met at the Valley in for dinner and Erica told her friend that she also invited Bianca and Frankie. Opal started to leave, saying Erica was up to something and she didn't want anything to do with it. Erica denied this, saying she changed her mind and is backing off. Opal said Erica's "180 is giving me whiplash!" and didn't really believe Erica had a change of heart. Bianca and Frankie arrived and sat down at the table. Erica began by apologizing to the two of them, saying she had no right to dictate their personal lives. Bianca didn't buy this at all but Erica went on to tell Frankie she was welcome to stay in Pine Valley. Erica said she was wrong about her and wants to start over. Bianca said this was bogus but Frankie told her to give her mother a chance. Bianca insisted that this was all fake and Frankie said she could fake it too and they could just all pretend to get along. Vanessa was at a table close by and listened in on the conversation. Frankie told Bianca she was siding with her mother because they both care about Bianca. Bianca thought this was very strange but Frankie accepted Erica's apology. Erica excused herself to go to the powder room and ran into Mateo. He asked her if she knew the girl sitting next to Bianca very well. Erica said she was Bianca's friend Frankie and Mat proceeded to tell her about Frankie trying to score drugs at SOS. Erica told him not to tell anyone, that she'd take care of it. Mat agreed and left. Erica called SOS and spoke to Chris Stamp and demanded that he meet her at the Valley Inn immediately. Erica returned to the table to find Opal had left. She asked the girls what they wanted to do and offered to take them shopping at the boutique in the lobby. The girls turned her down so Erica asked Frankie to tell her about herself, what her hobbies are, where she's traveled, ect. But before Frankie could answer Erica spotted Chris and ran to him. She told Chris about Frankie going to SOS for drugs and ordered him to have her arrested. Chris said he couldn't waste the Fed's time on a casual user, they were going for the big dealers. Erica argued and Chris told her Bianca will be furious if she finds out what Erica is trying to do. Erica said she'll do whatever it takes to get rid of Frankie and threatened Chris, saying she'll blow his cover if he doesn't do as she says. She told him she was going out of town for a little while and expected the problem to be solved by the time she returns. Chris was very angry with her, but said "Fine!" and left.
While her mother was speaking to Chris Bianca asked Frankie if she'd like to go to the costume party at SOS. She said they could go as "Freaks and Geeks" and Frankie agreed. They left to go to the party at SOS. Before they entered the party Frankie stopped and said she changed her mind. Bianca thought it was because if they entered together everyone would think they were a couple. Frankie said no, she didn't care what anyone else thought. Palmer and Vanessa showed up, dressed up as Egyptians. Palmer asked Vanessa to introduce him to her niece, which she did. They all started to go inside but Bianca's phone rang. She answered it and it was Erica, telling her that she's going out of town for business. Bianca thanked her for being cool about Frankie and Erica told her she loved her. When they hung up Bianca was ecstatic, and told Frankie her mom was going out of town and leaving them alone for a while. Frankie said "Let's ditch this party!" and the girls left.
In Jake's office Greenlee has most of her gorilla costume on. She fingered the forged note from Leo asking her to meet him at SOS and thought back to the conversation she had with Jake. She said to herself "I can handle this Jake!" and put the gorilla head on and headed over to the party.
Laura and Susie walked into SOS and Laura was horrified to see what Leo was dressed as. Susie told her to chill or people would know she was nuts. Leo joined her and told her she was cute in her "Little Bo-peep" outfit but Laura corrected him, saying she was "Little Miss Muffett" and showed him her spider. Leo went to greet some more guests and Laura told Susie to keep looking for Greenlee. The gorilla walked in and looked around and muttered to herself "this better be good Leo!." Greenlee walked around looking for Leo and spotted him. As she tried to connect with him a monster grabbed her for a dance. She broke free but when she got near Leo Brooke stood up and proposed a toast to the bride and groom. It was a long mushy thing and when Brooke finished Greenlee laughed. Laura heard her but couldn't figure out which costumed guest was Greenlee. She turned to Susie and said she knew Greenlee was there. The two of them split up to look for Greenlee. Susie bumped into the gorilla, who yelped in surprise. Susie joined Laura who said she recognized that voice as Greenlee. Across the room Leo was saying goodbye to Vanessa and Palmer and walked outside with them. He returned just after Laura dropped her fake spider down the back of Greenlee's costume, which sent Greenlee into fits. Laura stood there laughing happily until Leo joined her. Then she turned into a quivering mass of fear and told Leo she knew that was Greenlee and that she was there to ruin everything. Leo walked over to the gorilla and pulled off the costume head to find Laura inside. They just looked at each other.
Mateo sat at a table in the Valley Inn with an unidentified man. Mat was discussing business operations with him and told him if he partners with him he won't be sorry. Mateo left and returned to SOS. He grabbed a bottle of alcohol and told Simone he was going to the back room and not to bother him. Simone was very curious as to where he'd been and what he'd been doing but Mateo wouldn't say a word.
Mia and Ryan went back to his room at the Pine Cone. She asked if he wanted to talk about anything and he told her no. So she started putting moves on him but he turned away from her. Mia was hurt by this and said that was her cue to leave. Before she could someone knocked on the door. Ryan was very angry and yanked the door open to find Chris Stamp standing there. Chris walked into the room and told Ryan he was just making sure he'd gotten home ok. Ryan didn't believe this and wanted to know who Chris really was. Chris told him he's got answers to the questions Ryan has about his father.
Ryan refused to believe that his father was dead. Chris reluctantly confessed that he is a federal agent working undercover in Pine Valley. Ryan seemed skeptical, but Mia fully believed that Chris was saying. Chris explained to Ryan that his father had been a well-known, but hardly successful, drug dealer. The news didn't come as a surprise to Ryan because he'd already heard that tale from Adam. Chris continued on, saying that Ryan's dad had been killed during a scuffle when he resisted arrest. Later, Ryan paged through the information that Adam's investigators had collected and found some information that didn't gibe.
Greenlee insisted that she'd been set up by Laura and claimed that she was not stalking Leo. AS Greenlee tried to explain herself, the police arrived. Brooke had called the judge who'd heard Greenlee's case and had an arrest warrant issued. As Greenlee was being hauled away, she told Leo of a letter she'd written that would prove that Laura was losing it. Leo headed to the boathouse, where he was unable to talk his mind off of Greenlee. Susan, meanwhile, urged Laura that she'd better find Greenlee's letter before Leo - or the wedding would be off.
Greenlee was repulsed by the idea that she'd have to wear standard issue prison clothing. When she finally accepted the fact that she'd have to wear the bright orange jumpsuit, she realized that the zipper on her gorilla suit was stuck. Greenlee plopped down on her cot and reflected on some of the romantic and happy times she and Leo had shared. When she looked up, she found Leo standing outside her jail cell.
Due to his weakened state, Jesse was unable to prevent Leslie from clobbering Tad. He was likewise of little help when Leslie used duct tape to tie up Tad. When a pair of girls from the Pine Valley High School band dropped by to peddle "Rheshey" candy bars for new band uniforms, Tad tried to call out for help. Leslie snatched a wad of cash from Tad's wallet, bought a candy bar and beamed proudly that she used to play the triangle in the band. The girls seemed skeptical and Leslie chased them away. Jesse managed to sneak out of the house while Leslie had the door open.
Jesse showed up as Sounds of Salsa and tried to get through to Dixie. Dixie was only mildly receptive to his presence, so Jesse resorted to knocking over a wine glass onto Dixie's outfit. Dixie returned home and found her living room in shambles. Dixie thought that JR and his friends had destroyed the place, but Jesse tried to send her vibes that would tip her off to Leslie's presence. Dixie found a message on the answering machine from Tad claiming that he had to go out of town on business.
At the boathouse, Leslie placed the still-bound Tad into a canoe and prepared to "rock and roll."
Edmund comes to visit Anna at the hospital. He pulls back the blankets on her bed to find not Anna, but an unconscious guard. Upon learning of Anna's disappearance, Jake rushes in wondering if the person that ran her off the road has abducted her. Edmund has other thoughts. He believes Anna left on her own.
Brooke finds Edmund at the hospital. She tells him she feels closer to him, than to anyone she's ever known. Edmund thinks they could have more. He admits she has been on his mind, and that he has been thinking about making love to her again.
At the cabin, David is lying on the couch, waiting, when a figure appears outside the door holding a gun. It is Anna. Despite the fact that Anna is pointing a loaded gun at his chest, David appears calm. He tells Anna he's been waiting for her. Anna accuses David of trying to kill her, but he counters that if he truly wanted to kill her, she would be dead by now. He goes on to say that even if he were Proteus, he would never harm her. Though he won't go as far as to say he loves her, David tells Anna how much their relationship means to him. Anna is not buying it. David walks towards her as Anna threatens to pull the trigger. Finally, she collapses.
Anna wakes up to find the gun still loaded and within her reach. David is trying to show her he trusts her and hopes one day she will trust him too. He takes her in his arms while promising her she is safe, and that he will always take care of her. When she falls asleep, David makes a phone call to Roger. He says Roger must follow his instructions. Anna wakes up to overhear his conversation.
Ryan asks Liza to meet him at the boathouse. When he arrives, he tells her he's learned his father was killed by the Feds. This information doesn't jive with the report Adam had collected. He's hoping Liza can find the source of Adam's information. Liza explains she can't. She has left Adam because of his scheming. Despite all this, Liza admits she still loves Adam. She tells Ryan she hopes he will reconsider leaving town. They discuss this when suddenly Ryan leaps from the deck of the boathouse to tackle an eavesdropper. The guy will only say he is a private investigator, but refuse to divulge who has hired him. Ryan and Liza put two and two together and decide the PI must be working for Adam. Liza now fears Adam may be setting her up to gain custody of Colby. While pondering this idea, Liza becomes nauseous and leaves. When she comes back, she blames her sickness on Halloween candy overload. Ryan asks if maybe she is pregnant. Liza emphatically denies this.
Leo appears outside of Greenlee's jail cell. He explains to Greenlee that he grew up after she dumped him. He believes his mistake was not in marrying Laura, but in ever being involved with her. Greenlee asks Leo why he bothered coming to see her. He says he needed to picture how low Greenlee had sunk. He does not believe anything she says. Leo leaves and Greenlee, still clad in her gorilla suit, cries pathetically. She calls the guard and asks to make a phone call. She calls Jake to tell him he was right all along. When she asks Jake to get her out of jail, he tells her she is on her own; she should call someone else. Dismayed, Greenlee goes back to her cell. Roger then appears to bail her out. Greenlee is sure everything will be fine once Leo reads her letter.
Brooke advises Laura not to give Leo the note from Greenlee. Laura insists it will be ok if Leo does read it because she has the truth on her side. Brooke leaves. Susan and Laura discuss the probable contents of the letter. Susan asks if perhaps Greenlee's accusations are true. Laura isn't worried; she knows who Leo will believe. When Leo comes home, Laura hands him Greenlee's letter and tells him to read it. Instead, Leo rips it up. Laura is surprised, but thrilled. She claims they are "really, truly married now."
Simone questioned Mateo about the roll of money he was flashing around and the flashy way he was dressed. Mateo told her that Brooke had paid for the engagement party in cash and that the way he was dressed showed success. Simone did not believe Mateo and questioned him further. Mateo then told her that she was sexy when she was worried...and kissed her. Cackling, Mateo walked out of the bar. Zeke questioned Simone about what was going on between her and Mateo and why Mateo had so much cash. Simone told Zeke that he couldn't be there and needed to leave.
Mateo showed up at the boathouse, where he was greeted by Roger. Roger admonished Mateo for being late, saying that Proteus doesn't like it when people are not on time. On top of the warning, Roger also brandished a gun. Mateo tried to hand over the money to Roger, but Roger feared that Mateo might pull a gun or try something else to get the upper hand. Roger reached into Mateo's pocket and was stunned to find more cash that he'd expected. Mateo beamed and explained that he'd made more money for Proteus. Roger nervously explained that Mateo wasn't supposed to go above and beyond what he was ordered to do. Roger tried to give the money back to Mateo, but Mateo refused. Mateo stated that he wanted Roger to deliver all of the money to Proteus and deliver a message that he wants a face-to-face meeting with him. Roger replied that a meeting was not possible - he hadn't even seen Proteus. Nevertheless, Mateo insisted and Roger headed on his way.
Ryan confronted Adam about the private investigator that he'd encountered at the boat house. Adam told Ryan that he was just protecting his daughter from him. Ryan then told Adam that his actions were making Liza physically ill. Adam appeared legitimately concerned about Liza and backed down from his confrontational stance. He scribbled a name and number on a piece of paper for Ryan. The number, he said, would connect Ryan to the private investigator he had hired to dig into his background. Ryan was initially dubious of Adam's willingness to help, but he ultimately realized that Adam was being sincere.
Hayley was just coming out of her apartment when a fuming Liza approached her. Liza was upset and told Hayley that she had left Adam for good. Hayley was confused and asked what was going on. Liza explained that Adam was going after custody of Colby and had a private investigator following her. Just then Stuart came up to Hayley. Liza started to yell and hit him thinking that he was really Adam pretending to be Stuart. When Liza finally realized that she was really hitting Stuart, she broke down in tears. Liza asked for Hayley and Stuart's support in fighting Adam. Neither Hayley nor Stuart were willing to cut Adam out of their lives. Hayley reminded Liza that Adam would always be here father. Stuart told Liza that he couldn't cut off Adam either, but stated that before she did anything she regretted he would talk to Adam.
Marian dropped by the Pine Cone to see Ryan, but instead found Mia wearing one of Ryan's t-shirts. Marian tried to convince Mia that she and Ryan should leave town together and start a new life somewhere. Mia, however, said that she wasn't about to leave town just to make life easier for Liza. When a knock sounded, Mia opened the door, In the blink of an eye, Liza hauled off and smacked Mia across the cheek. Mia was furious, but didn't have time to fight back. Marian stepped between the two women and prevented any further violence. Liza was convinced that Mia had told Adam that she and Ryan were at the boat house the night before. Mia told Liza that she no longer worked for Adam, but Liza didn't believe her. Liza referred to Mia as her enemy, saying that she'd chosen to the wrong side. Before Liza stormed away, she vowed that she would do anything necessary to stop anyone who posed a threat to her daughter.
Stuart showed up at Chandler Mansion and gave his twin brother a forceful tweak on the arm. Stuart vented his frustration with his brother and the way that he'd broken his promise that he wouldn't resort to his old tricks. Stuart thought that Liza and Ryan were "just friends," but Adam briefed him on the fact that Liza and Ryan had had an affair. Adam also claimed that Ryan had a "violent past" would could pose a threat to Colby. When Stuart left, Adam remembered what Ryan had said about Liza being ill. He recalled how Liza had fainted when he caught her and Ryan in bed and immediately wondered if Liza could be pregnant. He placed a call to Seaview to speak to the obstetrician that Liza had met with. Adam tried to pry information out of the doctor, but the doctor refused to say anything, citing the doctor-patient confidentiality. A short time later, Liza returned to the mansion. Upon seeing her, Adam grinned slightly. | <urn:uuid:de36841c-e697-4275-ae18-62fbb28b42e6> | 2013-05-26T03:10:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.007110595703125,
0.0191650390625,
0.009521484375,
-0.00433349609375,
0.1083984375,
0.00159454345703125,
0.01190185546875,
0.0732421875,
-0.00128936767578125,
-0.0341796875,
0.08544921875,
-0.01031494140625,
0.023681640625,
-0.047607421875,
0.045654296... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.994718 | 7,260 | http://soapcentral.com/amc/recaps/2001/011105.php | 0.211705 |
Friday, February 05, 2010 9:47 AMHello,
I create a Duration Custom Task Field named "FV" and set a formula "= Finish Variance" to generate its data.
At the beginning, I choose "do not calculate summary row" by selecting "None". Obviously,I can see MSP displays the data with the value of "0".
After I choose to rollup data by using formula, MSP re-generates the data using the formula like nonsummary tasks.
But, once I change the setting back to "None" , the summary rows data remain the same as that using formula instead of changing it back to "0".
ps. this is also an issue in MSP 2007.
Monday, February 08, 2010 7:32 PMModeratorHello Winson,
Yes, I see this as well. I don't believe I'd call it a bug however as it is consistent with all custom fields. If you remove the formula [Finish Variance] form the custom duration field, you'll still see the values remain in the field that were calculated by the formula.
I hope this helps.
Tuesday, February 09, 2010 1:12 AMHi Julie
Thanks.I just don't think it is intuitive for users. | <urn:uuid:0289d936-453b-408e-849f-5a4fda0cca36> | 2013-05-26T02:55:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.03539426624774933,
0.015344982035458088,
0.016129031777381897,
-0.005236335098743439,
0.015232974663376808,
-0.06810035556554794,
0.0003325212746858597,
0.03494623675942421,
-0.029793906956911087,
-0.038978494703769684,
0.059139784425497055,
0.04368279501795769,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942485 | 265 | http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/projectprofessional2010general/thread/117a85f1-7a9f-4c42-a213-d0dd7de6031e | 0.628785 |
We don’t even know the faces of these notorious, mysterious figures, let alone their real names.
Jack the Ripper
Let’s start with the most famous serial killer of all time, Jack the Ripper. This murderer operated in the Whitechapel area of London, England, in 1888 and is credited with at least five victims, though more (or even fewer) is possible. His main targets appeared to be prostitutes. It has never been fully confirmed, but several letters sent to London police were said to have been from Jack the Ripper, though the veracity of these letters has often been questioned. Similar murders, showing a penchant for mutilation and butchery, against prostitutes had happened in London before 1888 and continued on later, though none of those have been directly linked to this killer. Numerous suspects have been named as Jack the Ripper over the years, though the truth remains unknown more than a hundred years later.
The Zodiac Killer
Like the others listed here, the identity of this serial killer has never been known for sure, though there has been at least one strong suspect who died in 1992. The Zodiac Killer was active in California in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s. He killed at least five people, though in letters to police and the media, he claimed to have killed many more. Two of his victims survived, though none could ever tell police who the killer was, though there were some basic descriptions offered. During one attack, this killer was known to have worn a bag over his head, making identification difficult. He also played a cat-and-mouse game with law enforcement, mailing cryptic notes and coded letters to police, newspapers and television stations. Police at the time also thought it possible the Zodiac Killer took credit for disappearances and murders of which he was not truly connected. The final murder count will likely never be known.
Cleveland Torso Murderer
Between 1935 and 1938, 12 to 15 murder victims are suspected of having been killed by the Cleveland Torso Murderer, who received his name because he usually dismembered his victims. There has been some evidence and speculation that similar killings were going on as early as the 1920s and into the 1950s in the northern Ohio region (and some in Pennsylvania), but none of these others have definitively been tied to this one killer. Of those thought to have been slain by the Cleveland Torso Murderer, 12 are considered definite victims of this killer, while others are still somewhat questionable. Only two of the victims have ever to be identified. There have been two suspects tied to these murders. The first one was arrested by law enforcement officers and died in jail, police brutality being suspected. The second, and arguably stronger, suspect was a doctor who was institutionalized in 1938 and died in a hospital in 1965; this doctor was known to have been a member of a medical unit that performed amputations during World War I. | <urn:uuid:804948d9-1488-4229-a19c-1d85a034aaee> | 2013-05-26T02:55:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.00848388671875,
-0.00823974609375,
-0.00191497802734375,
-0.01226806640625,
0.1171875,
-0.068359375,
-0.017333984375,
0.1328125,
-0.018310546875,
-0.031982421875,
0.044189453125,
0.0164794921875,
0.01708984375,
0.005615234375,
0.02490234375,
-0.031... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989322 | 600 | http://socyberty.com/crime/six-serial-killers-who-were-never-caught/ | 0.283975 |
Matter in the corona and solar wind is derived from the outer convective zone (OCZ) of the Sun. Isotopic abundances of the less volatile elements in the solar atmosphere are probably very similar to terrestrial, lunar and meteoritic abundances. From such elements it is possible to infer the amount of isotopic fractionation under varying conditions in the solar wind source region. For many species, the solar wind provides the only source of information, which is important for many cosmochemical and astrophysical applications. Knowledge of the isotopic composition of the OCZ will yield information on the early solar nebula and the history of the solar system. The CELIAS solar wind mass spectrometer (MTOF, Mass Time-of-Flight sensor) has unprecedented mass resolution for solar wind composition studies, and has already measured rare elements and isotopes that were previously not resolvable from more abundant neighboring species, or were not previously observable at all. The MTOF sensor is routinely measuring isotopic abundance variations for several elements (neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, argon, calcium, iron, and nickel), some of which have never been previously observed in either the solar wind, solar energetic particles, or spectroscopically. Among the new solar wind isotopes are those of silicon, sulfur, calcium, chromium, iron, and nickel. Other isotopes are being measured with a much finer temporal resolution than previously available (on the order of minutes/hours instead of months/years). Previously, neon and argon solar wind isotopic measurements were available only from foil measurements collected during the Apollo lunar landings - clearly a limited data set! The first magnesium isotope measurements have been reported by MTOF's sister sensor WIND/SMS/MASS. This image shows isotopes of Chromium, Iron, and Nickel. | <urn:uuid:9e86d6d1-7844-4d1f-a3f1-0319fa1e4405> | 2013-05-26T02:41:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.02451261505484581,
-0.01304472517222166,
-0.005984805058687925,
0.019782109186053276,
0.029529817402362823,
-0.10665137320756912,
0.019065367057919502,
0.13302752375602722,
0.0006271502352319658,
-0.0288130734115839,
0.05217890068888664,
-0.010679472237825394,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920087 | 377 | http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/bestofsoho/Particle/cel003.html | 0.392587 |
- for solo alto and acoustic guitar
- 03' 00"
- Two songs:1. Taku hoa aroha; 2. Na te aroha
Na te Aroha and Taku Hoa Aroha were two love songs commissioned for a play called Nga Puke (The Hills) by Dunedin playwright, John Broughton. This play was performed at the Depot Theatre, Wellington, during the International Festival of the Arts, March 1990.
Nga Puke is a love story between a Maori soldier of the 28th Maori Battalion, Waru Thompson, and a Pakeha nurse, Angie. The setting is both the rural landscape of Porangahau, Hawkes Bay, and then a military hospital in Crete during World War 2. The first song, Nga te Aroha is about Waru and Angie’s exchange of gifts (greenstone and a painting of Nga Puke). The second song, Taku Hoa Aroha, is Angie’s love song for Waru, as he lies wounded in a Crete hospital. | <urn:uuid:1d5a1b3a-ff59-4e1a-9365-c8be21586b04> | 2013-05-26T02:43:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0016318317502737045,
0.020156925544142723,
-0.02949134260416031,
0.01684253290295601,
0.07846320420503616,
-0.05925324559211731,
-0.01129599567502737,
0.010146103799343109,
-0.04491341859102249,
-0.011093073524534702,
0.028814934194087982,
0.004667207598686218,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942242 | 235 | http://sounz.org.nz/works/show/11468 | 0.342939 |
Due to the declining number of pupils on the books, the school was inevitably closed in July 1960. The head teacher Mrs Boast said “the closing of [the] village school was not a tragedy, as the children would have better facilities in a larger school. It was not possible to teach such a small number adequately”.
So it is that the building was sold to a private couple. An application was made in February 1961 to change the use from ‘old school’ to ‘dwelling’, which was granted in April of the same year. The redundant school became one of the first in Norfolk to be converted into a family house.
The property fulfilled this role over the next 29 years, until plans were drawn to extend the existing building on a large scale, thus creating the ‘Oakbrook Residential Care Home’. Despite all the good intentions this venture did not appear to last for many years, with an early closure. Initial proposals were made in 2003 to adapt Oakbrook into a hostel for the homeless, but amid much local opposition these efforts were aborted.
Gt. Moulton Football Team 1949-50 | <urn:uuid:3d8c88d1-5458-4dde-ae7d-e529739c6a1c> | 2013-05-26T03:10:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.007905138656497002,
-0.003767292480915785,
0.004601037595421076,
0.002238759770989418,
0.11511857807636261,
-0.06299407035112381,
-0.016921937465667725,
0.039772726595401764,
0.009819664061069489,
-0.057065218687057495,
0.03903162106871605,
0.031002964824438095,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991504 | 237 | http://southnorfolkguesthouse.co.uk/history/?industrytype=1&startdate=2013-02-05&nights=4&windowsearch=0&location&page=4&productid=6b1a5760-f0aa-4686-912d-dec7dce23a70&adults1=2 | 0.257434 |
Well, that was fast. Only days after it was revealed that the "Wrath of the Titans" production notes confirm Liam Neeson is in "The Dark Knight Rises," the actor has come out and offered his added confirmation as well. Unfortunately, he didn't give us anything that we didn't know already.
"I think so," he told CNN of the inclusion of his role during the "Wrath" junket. "I have no idea what the story is about. Nothing. Nothing. Seriously, I'm not sure if I'm still in it. It's a cameo -- let's put it that way -- if it still survives.”
That seems to back up what Neeson previously said about the project. Back in January, he said that he had been on set "for maybe an hour-and-a-half" and that director Christopher Nolan hadn't clued him in to what the scene he shot was about.
Okay, we'll admit, we're a little bit bummed. Was any one else hoping for a full-fledged return of Ra's al Ghul? It sounds like this is maybe some sort of flashback or something, since we doubt a living Ra's would only show up for a split second. It could be tied in to Marion Cotillard's rumored-but-nearly-confirmed role as Talia al Ghul, Ra's' daughter. Still, we're guessing Neeson's cameo will leave a stronger impression than Cillian Murphy's did at the beginning of "The Dark Knight."
Do you believe Neeson about the nature of his appearance in "The Dark Knight Rises"? Tell us in the comments section below or on Twitter! | <urn:uuid:47d19ed5-0036-4747-9300-8e22281335a5> | 2013-05-26T02:35:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.009260769933462143,
-0.017379242926836014,
0.013544386252760887,
0.0011677953880280256,
0.07147519290447235,
0.0017644419567659497,
-0.008404047228395939,
0.07996083796024323,
-0.03345300257205963,
-0.07604438811540604,
0.023825066164135933,
0.022845953702926636,... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988174 | 351 | http://splashpage.mtv.com/2012/03/30/liam-neeson-dark-knight-rises-2/ | 0.546547 |
As Bradley Wiggins and Mark Cavendish seek cycling immortality on the roads of France next month, Geraint Thomas will be riding around in circles in Manchester.
But the 26-year-old from Cardiff would have it no other way.
Thomas has proven himself to be a versatile and leading talent on the bike, including this season as team-mate Wiggins has won three stage races, with the Welshman providing support at Paris-Nice and the Tour de Romandie as the Londoner proved his credentials as a potential Tour de France champion.
Rather than support Wiggins in the mountains and Cavendish in the sprints when the Tour begins in Liege on June 30, Thomas will instead focus on fine-tuning preparations for success in the four-kilometre team pursuit at a second successive Olympics.
Beijing gold medal winner Thomas said: "There's no doubt at all, but I'd love to have been going to France to help them both out.
"It's just unfortunate where the Olympics and Tour falls in the year.
"I was always going to come back and ride the team pursuit. A home Olympics is massive and it's my best chance of winning a gold medal. It's always been like that.
"The team pursuit really excites me and it's something I love doing. I just can't wait to get on those boards in London now and rip it up."
Thomas completed the Giro d'Italia alongside Team Sky colleague Pete Kennaugh and the duo were both named in the Great Britain Olympic team earlier this month, with Ed Clancy, Steven Burke and Andy Tennant completing the team pursuit squad.
All five have been riding on the road in the last few weeks but recently returned to the track for the first time since winning the World Championships in Melbourne in April.
The British team set a world record of three minutes 53.295 seconds there, going faster than the Beijing-winning mark.
Thomas believes the miles on the road will help the British team hold off the challenge of Australia to retain Olympic gold.
He added: "Physically from all the work we've all been doing in the last six, eight weeks, that's where we'll make a slight step forward."
Thomas anticipates the world record will fall again, and could also go twice in quick succession with the schedule dictating the first round and final take place within an hour of each other.
Thomas, who will forgo the opportunity to reclaim the national champion's jersey at the British Championships road race on Sunday to train on the track, added: "We're confident we can do that. I'm confident the Aussies can do it as well, to be honest.
"The competition now is so tight, that's going to push both teams to the limit.
"The second round will be a massive fight because you've got to win that ride to go through to the final. It (the world record) will probably go there and it will probably go again in the final.
"A big advantage for us is having five guys that could ride. If we can use five again that will be a big advantage, bringing a fresh guy in for the final." | <urn:uuid:84ac5ac7-1ae5-46e0-953b-07becfa9377a> | 2013-05-26T03:01:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0150146484375,
0.0019989013671875,
-0.00017452239990234375,
0.0167236328125,
0.09423828125,
-0.01495361328125,
-0.0302734375,
0.08984375,
0.004425048828125,
-0.078125,
0.002349853515625,
0.0206298828125,
-0.0189208984375,
-0.053466796875,
0.04296875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966491 | 651 | http://sportinglife.aol.co.uk/olympics/news/article/22891/7829547/thomas-focus-on-olympic-gold | 0.162458 |
Displeased commissioner assails Knicks as season opens
This story has been corrected. Read below
NEW YORK -- Even with the NBA season under way, commissioner David Stern hasn't forgotten the New York Knicks' embarrassing offseason.
In an ESPN interview broadcast Tuesday, Stern questioned the conduct of Knicks management, which lost a sexual-harassment case in early October.
Asked about the state of the Knicks, Stern said: "It demonstrates that they're not a model of intelligent management. There were many checkpoints along the way where more decisive action would have eliminated this issue."
It wasn't clear if the "checkpoints" Stern was referring to were the franchise's decision not to settle the lawsuit brought by former Knicks executive Anucha Browne Sanders, or its internal handling of Browne Sanders' allegations when they first surfaced, a question the New York Times first asked earlier this week.
... They're not a model of intelligent management.
-- David Stern, on Knicks management
Madison Square Garden chairman James L. Dolan, who hasn't spoken publicly since a jury ordered his team to pay $11.6 million to Browne Sanders, said in a statement Tuesday that "we have high regard for the commissioner.
"Right now, what we can all agree on is that the best thing for the Knicks is to get on the court and win some basketball games."
Right now, what we can all agree on is that the best thing for the Knicks is to get on the court and win some basketball games.
-- James L. Dolan, chairman of MSG
The Knicks open their season Friday at Cleveland.
Knicks coach Isiah Thomas was the primary defendant in the Browne Sanders lawsuit. He said he didn't hear Stern's comments but said Dolan spoke for the Knicks.
"Jim made a statement for the organization, and the statement speaks for itself," said Thomas, who has maintained his innocence since the lawsuit was filed last year.
In the past, Stern has not punished teams over civil judgments but he has not ruled out sanctions against the Knicks and Thomas. The Knicks have appealed the decision.
Stern said the case was "very much under review.
"I'm not considering any range of disciplinary action,'' Stern said, "but my powers are very broad if I choose to exercise them."
Stern's shot at Knicks management was as stinging as the fallout from the sexual-harassment case.
A portion of Thomas' deposition was shown in court during the trial and the tape showed Thomas saying he made a distinction between a black man calling a black woman "bitch" and a white man doing the same thing. The coach was criticized for that by Al Sharpton, who threatened to lead protests at Knicks games unless Thomas explained his remarks.
Thomas' remarks also drew the ire of C. Vivian Stringer. The Rutgers women's basketball coach was previously forced into the issue of men using derogatory language toward women when radio host Don Imus made a racist and sexist remark about her team after it lost to Tennessee in last season's national championship game.
In a recent interview with ESPN, Stringer said Thomas' comments were "disgusting."
"What does he think? This was a woman first," Stringer said. "He has no right to put her down, and then think it's OK for me to put her down but it's not all right for a white man to put her down. What are you talking about? She is a human being and as a female, and in particular as a black female, I took tremendous offense to that."
Thomas has said that his remarks were mischaracterized and he urged Stringer to "get the facts" about what he said during the sexual-harassment trial.
Later, Stringer apologized in a statement.
"The whole situation is most regrettable," she said. "It was not my position to insult Mr. Thomas in any way. I responded to a question of which I had partial information and was not aware of the full text of Mr. Thomas' statement. I am not in a place to make judgment on Isiah Thomas, [former team employee] Anucha Browne [Sanders] or the New York Knicks organization. I spoke to Isiah this morning and have apologized. I am hoping we can now get back to basketball."
Information from The Associated Press was used in this report.
In this Oct. 31 ESPN.com news services story about David Stern and the New York Knicks, wording questioning what Stern was referencing in a quote about the team was similar to a question raised in a New York Times story on the same subject. Attribution has been added to the paragraph to make it clear the Times was first with the inquiry.
MORE NBA HEADLINES
- NBA reviewing Wade's elbow, other plays
- Grizzlies' Hollins all for anti-flopping rules
- Spurs' Duncan divorcing wife of 12 years
- Cuban has two-year plan for Mavs to contend | <urn:uuid:f45690fc-85cb-4588-a3ad-13e29904bdfb> | 2013-05-26T03:11:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0283203125,
0.03466796875,
0.01031494140625,
-0.0096435546875,
0.076171875,
-0.0380859375,
0.02783203125,
0.1083984375,
-0.005645751953125,
-0.072265625,
0.111328125,
0.053955078125,
-0.083984375,
0.00011920928955078125,
0.056884765625,
-0.0247802... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980255 | 1,016 | http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=3088050 | 0.218779 |
In Python, for a binary file, I can write this:
buf_size=1024*64 # this is an important size... with open(file, "rb") as f: while True: data=f.read(buf_size) if not data: break # deal with the data....
With a text file that I want to read line-by-line, I can write this:
with open(file, "r") as file: for line in file: # deal with each line....
Which is shorthand for:
with open(file, "r") as file: for line in iter(file.readline, ""): # deal with each line....
This idiom is documented in PEP 234 but I have failed to locate a similar idiom for binary files.
I have tried this:
>>> with open('dups.txt','rb') as f: ... for chunk in iter(f.read,''): ... i+=1 >>> i 1 # 30 MB file, i==1 means read in one go...
I tried putting
iter(f.read(buf_size),'') but that is a syntax error because of the parens after the callable in iter().
I know I could write a function, but is there way with the default idiom of
for chunk in file: where I can use a buffer size versus a line oriented?
Thanks for putting up with the Python newbie trying to write his first non-trivial and idiomatic Python script. | <urn:uuid:49c7c0b6-a2ce-4617-b05c-a6e4bae21e61> | 2013-05-26T02:34:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.04925373196601868,
0.013712686486542225,
0.006436567287892103,
-0.003031716449186206,
0.013246268965303898,
-0.12537313997745514,
0.0350746251642704,
0.019402984529733658,
-0.025932835415005684,
-0.01735074631869793,
0.06679104268550873,
0.03787313401699066,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894278 | 319 | http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4566498/python-file-iterator-over-a-binary-file-with-newer-idiom/4566523 | 0.920693 |
Java's generics would erase the type information after the source code was compiled. And i guess the "erase" is necessary because java only keep one copy of class no matter what the generic type is. So
List<Number> are simply just one List. Then I wonder if it possible that at the premise of keeping only one copy of certain class, the instance of the class stores the generic type information at the time it is created.
For instance: when we write:
List<String> list = new List<String>.
the compiler create an object of List along with a String's Class Object(meaning the Object String.class) accociated with the List, so that the generic object list can check the type information at runtime using the Class Object. Is it posssible or practicable? | <urn:uuid:6b3351cb-2aa3-4ba4-a1b6-74db443b14af> | 2013-05-26T03:09:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.07692307978868484,
-0.0004775497945956886,
0.017942994832992554,
-0.01184752769768238,
0.028502747416496277,
-0.08756867796182632,
0.020690247416496277,
0.061469778418540955,
-0.013907967135310173,
0.025755494832992554,
0.06765110045671463,
0.03365384787321091,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.84716 | 165 | http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6966292/why-java-generics-have-to-erase-the-type-information | 0.674027 |
I am trying to have a server respond to a request which needs a XML structure. The easiest way I thought would be to create a POST with a string containing the XML, using the Play Framework.
However, I cannot seem to get it to work. I am calling the test with the following code:
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>(); map.put("data", xmlString); Http.Response response = POST("/server/", map);
When on the server checking the parameters it is not in it as it returns false: | <urn:uuid:f782b4fd-4160-4ebb-a1b8-7a496c0cbc7f> | 2013-05-26T02:34:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.048483457416296005,
-0.016659006476402283,
0.022403493523597717,
0.018267463892698288,
0.02585018426179886,
-0.08272058516740799,
0.021484375,
0.09420955926179886,
0.024356618523597717,
0.012120864354074001,
0.00031953700818121433,
0.052849262952804565,
-0.04... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.845034 | 121 | http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8021558/how-to-simulate-a-post-in-junit | 0.853379 |
|BX-series droid commando|
BX-series droid commando
|Chronological and political information|
- "Those clankers have tough armor!"
- ―Commander Cody, on the durability of the BX-series
The BX-series droid commando, more commonly known as the commando droid, was an elite battle droid model made for stealth assignments.
- "Welcome to Rishi…Commander. As…you can see, the outpost is operating at…peak efficiency. Thank you for visiting…and have a…safe trip…back."
- ―A droid commando trying to imitate a clone trooper
These battle droids appeared similar to the B1 battle droid series; notable changes include two white photoreceptors, in addition to the long head being shortened to half its original size. Their voices were notably different compared to the B1 series, sounding more akin to the deep voices of B2 super battle droids. Unit leaders, which were known as the Commando droid captain, were fitted with white marks on their brows and chestplates. The captain would also have a vibrosword.
They had the same operating abilities as regular battle droids, with the addition of infiltration software. This, along with their humanoid shape, allowed them to fit into a clone trooper's armor. In addition to this, the droids were capable of modulating their voices to match that of others, though they could not accurately copy their mannerisms or vocabulary, nor respond properly to unexpected situations outside of combat.
The droid commandos were built to be substantially faster and stronger than a regular battle droid, and also possessed heavier armor that was capable of withstanding multiple shots from most blasters. However, sustained barrages or a single headshot could overwhelm them, but like Super battle droids and IG-100 MagnaGuards, at least one unit confronting Eeth Koth was sliced in half, but remained operational long enough for Koth to render it inoperable with a stab to the head. The only real drawback of these droids was that they were far more expensive to produce than the regular infantry. This made the droids a fairly rare sight on the battlefield and thus made them to be used exclusively on special and or critical missions only. Apparently, the head was weaker than the rest of it's body, as Senator Amidala was able to easily kill one by shooting it in the head with an ELG-3A royal blaster pistol, which was hardly bigger than a hold-out blaster.
The equipment of the droid commandos included E-5 blaster rifles, a stun baton to knock out enemies, and a fusioncutter, used to cut down doors and other obstacles in their path. In addition to this, the leader of a droid commando unit often carried a vibrosword for close-combat purposes. They were also known to use grenades against enemy emplacements. Also, two commandos on Saleucami formed a sniper team, one acting as the shooter with a Sniper rifle and the other using Electrobinoculars, performing as the spotter.
These sophisticated droids were created to counteract the threat of Jedi[source?] or clones. That being said, they were no match for a Jedi in combat. In addition, Captain Rex and Commander Cody both defeated droid commandos in combat on the Rishi moon, and the clone deserter, Cut Lawquane, managed to defeat a force of 20 Commando droids with only minimal assistance from Captain Rex on Saleucami, although the droids they fought were heavily damaged. They were capable of hand-to-hand combat, had greater accuracy with their E-5 carbines, and even sniper capability. However, due to their prohibitive cost, they could not be mass-produced in such a manner as to replace the Confederacy's other battle droids so they were used for SpecOps, boarding parties, and raids.
Battle of the Rishi Moon
- "The outpost is secure, General. We shut down the alarm and turned on the all-clear signal."
- ―A droid commando reporting the capture of the listening post to General Grievous
Around 22 BBY, Confederate General Grievous, the Supreme Commander of the Droid Armies planned to invade the Wild Space planet of Kamino, where the Republic clone troopers were grown. In order to invade the planet unnoticed, Grievous sent several Droch-class boarding ships containing BX-series droid commandos to the moon of Rishi, where a Republic listening post, the Rishi Station was located. The clones stationed on the listening post identified the boarding ships as a meteor shower, and did not alert a nearby Republic fleet. The droids caught the deck officer, CT-327, by surprise, stunning and killing him. They then infiltrated the listening post, but were met by two clones, Droidbait and Nub, who had been sent by Sergeant CT-19-7409 to find out why CT-327 did not reply. Upon hearing fire, the remaining clones rushed to help, but were outnumbered by the commando droids. CT-19-7409 was also killed by the commando droids. However, four clone troopers were able to escape the station through a ventilation shaft. The droids secured the post and jammed the all-clear signal.
The droid commandos, however, were not aware that a routine inspection of the station conducted by Commander CC-2224 and Captain CT-7567 was on its way. Upon arriving in the Nu-class attack shuttle Obex, the two clone officers were greeted by a commando droid dressed in a clone armor. The droid tried to convince the clone troopers to leave the listening posts, however, CT-7567 saw a droid attack flare from the survivors, which made him shoot the droid in the head upon noticing the trick. The commando droids then launched an ambush, and after throwing grenades toward the clones and the shuttle, destroying the shuttle and the droids believed that the two had died in the explosion. In fact, CC-2224 and CT-7567 had survived with the help of their harpoon cables. Meeting the survivors of the first droid assault below the station, the officers introduced themselves and a plot to retake the station was developed. CT-7567 used a droid commando head to cheat the droids within the station to open the door. The clones then stormed the station, eventually regaining control of the control center after killing the commando droids, including the Commando droid captain. Despite of reinforcements sent by General Grievous, the clone troopers blew up the station, cutting of the all-clear signal, thus alerting the Republic fleet of the planned Confederate invasion.
Battle of Ryloth
During the Battle of Ryloth, at least two droid commandos were present in the capital city of Lessu. The two attacked the ARF troopers Razor and Stak, shortly after the two troopers activated the plasma bridge and allowed Republic forces to enter the city. Even using fellow battle droids as projectiles, they eschewed the use of blasters and engaged the two troopers in hand-to-hand combat, but were soon defeated.
Senate Hostage Crisis
Later on, two of these units were used by bounty hunter Cad Bane during his capture of the Senate Building. After killing a contingent of Senate Commandos that guarded the landing area, the two BX-series droids stripped two bodies of their armor and disguised themselves as the commandos. They later escaped with Bane, Ziro and the other Bounty hunters.
Battle of Saleucami
A squad of such commando droids accompanied General Grievous when he boarded Jedi Master Eeth Koth's Venator-class Star Destroyer. The droids defeat the Jedi's clone trooper guards but were defeated by Koth. Later, during a rescue attempt conducted by the Jedi to rescue Koth, Jedi General Obi-Wan Kenobi's light cruiser was boarded and its crew was assaulted by BX-series droids. Anakin Skywalker and Adi Gallia found a squad of commando droids, commanded by TV-94, guarding Koth when they boarded Grievous's flagship. Skywalker and Gallia destroyed all of the droids and rescued Koth.
Later during the Battle of Saleucami, Grievous's forces were forced to crash land onto the planet Saleucami where a pair of commando droids were operational. One of the commandos was a sniper and his spotter observed the arrival of Clone Captain Rex whereupon the sniper took a shot that wounded the target. However, the pair of commando droids were tracked down and killed by Rex's comrades. While Rex recuperated at Cut Lawquane's farm another squad of heavily damaged BX-series droids in an escape pod were accidentally reactivated by Cut's adopted children, Shaeeah and Jek. The droids attacked the farm and despite their heavy damage were able to pin down and nearly overwhelm its defenders. After a hard fought battle and close call they were destroyed by Lawquane and Rex.
In the Confederacy prison the Citadel, Warden Osi Sobeck had a team of these commandos painted with a special yellow color scheme. One of these droids was seen torturing Jedi Master Even Piell for information on the Nexus Route with an electrostaff, while an interrogation droid questioned Piell. Many of them carried hand-held energy shields. One of them was responsible for the death of ARC Trooper Echo. A droid commando was also forced to destroy one of his own droids after the Citadel warden Osi Sobeck ordered him to do so for displeasing him.
Reinforcements on Felucia
A reinforcement battalion was sent to strengthen the position on a Separatist outpost to prevent Republic victory on Felucia. Commando droids were present in this group, and shortly after the deployment of the reinforcments, the outpost commanded by TZ-33 came under fire by Republic AT-TEs. TZ-33 then ordered all units to form up for a counterattack, thereby lowering the outpost gate; this order proved to be the outpost's downfall as the Republic clones of Wolfpack—led by Anakin Skywalker, Plo Koon, Ahsoka Tano, Rex, and Wolffe—then attacked the droid outpost, destroying all the droids, including the commando droids. Although the Separatists did not win, Tano was captured by a Trandoshan sport hunter by the name of Lo-Taren.
Skirmish on Naboo
Just before the Skirmish on Naboo, commando droids were deployed by Minister Rish Loo on Naboo after Anakin Skywalker, Padmé Amidala and Boss Lyonie confronted him after discovering that Rish Loo was a traitor. In the fight that followed, all of the commando droids were destroyed by the Jedi and Amidala, while Loo stabed Lyonie and fled the underwater city where the fight took place.
Battle of Dathomir
Around 21 BBY, Count Dooku ordered General Grievous to eliminate Asajj Ventress, together with the Nightsisters of Dathomir. Grievous started an invasion of Dathomir, where he took several BX-series battle droids, together with B1 and B2 super battle droids, AATs, one Defoliator tank and other forces. One of the BX-series droids used a rocket launcher to destroy the wall of the cave, in which Talzin and Old Daka tried to kill Dooku via Nightsister magic. Grievous managed to eliminate Old Daka and a Nightsister, while Talzin disappeared. The BX-series droid emptied the cauldron, and Dooku survived.
- The Clone Wars Campaign Guide (First identified as BX-series droid commando)
- Jedi Academy Training Manual
- Star Wars: The Clone Wars: Visual Guide Ultimate Battles
- Galaxy at War
- Scavenger's Guide to Droids
- The Essential Guide to Warfare
Notes and references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The Clone Wars Campaign Guide
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Star Wars: The Clone Wars – "Rookies"
- ↑ Star Wars: The Clone Wars – "Counterattack"
- ↑ Star Wars Annual 2011
- ↑ Star Wars: The Clone Wars: Visual Guide Ultimate Battles
- ↑ Star Wars: The Clone Wars – "Liberty on Ryloth"
- ↑ Star Wars: The Clone Wars – "Hostage Crisis"
- ↑ Galaxy at War
- ↑ Star Wars: The Clone Wars – "Grievous Intrigue"
- ↑ Star Wars: The Clone Wars – "The Deserter" | <urn:uuid:55cc385d-b936-489d-8f09-46f71125ece6> | 2013-05-26T02:55:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0205078125,
0.0235595703125,
-0.000736236572265625,
0.01446533203125,
0.06396484375,
-0.06396484375,
-0.01495361328125,
0.09765625,
-0.02783203125,
-0.0126953125,
0.03173828125,
0.046142578125,
-0.013916015625,
0.032958984375,
0.024169921875,
0.02... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961654 | 2,697 | http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/BX-series_droid_commando?oldid=4171276 | 0.450941 |
The issues with loading the embed have been resolved and everything is running normally.affects Embed
Updates (newest first)
The issues with loading the embed have been resolved and everything is running normally.
Some users may see an intermittent unavailability with the comment embed. We're implementing the solution right now and will have it fixed as soon as possible. We apologize for the trouble if you or your community has been experiencing this.
Want to get notified when things change? Subscribe to status updates. | <urn:uuid:9e499a4d-cc98-4542-b84c-f82de93c4883> | 2013-05-26T02:34:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.032786883413791656,
0.011014344170689583,
0.03125,
0.00973360612988472,
0.06173155829310417,
-0.042520493268966675,
-0.002225281670689583,
0.1321721374988556,
-0.004834784660488367,
-0.016905738040804863,
0.06864754110574722,
0.045594263821840286,
-0.14549180... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930446 | 104 | http://status.disqus.com/event/103/ | 0.177289 |
—(1) Subject to the other provisions of these Rules, the amount of costs which any party shall be entitled to recover is the amount allowed after taxation on the standard basis where —
an order is made that the costs of one party to proceedings be paid by another party to those proceedings;
an order is made for the payment of costs out of any fund; or
no order for costs is required,
unless it appears to the Court to be appropriate to order costs to be taxed on the indemnity basis.
(2) On a taxation of costs on the standard basis, there shall be allowed a reasonable amount in respect of all costs reasonably incurred and any doubts which the Registrar may have as to whether the costs were reasonably incurred or were reasonable in amount shall be resolved in favour of the paying party; and in these Rules, the term “the standard basis”, in relation to the taxation of costs, shall be construed accordingly.
(3) On a taxation on the indemnity basis, all costs shall be allowed except in so far as they are of an unreasonable amount or have been unreasonably incurred and any doubts which the Registrar may have as to whether the costs were reasonably incurred or were reasonable in amount shall be resolved in favour of the receiving party; and in these Rules, the term “the indemnity basis”, in relation to the taxation of costs, shall be construed accordingly.
(4) Where the Court makes an order for costs without indicating the basis of taxation or an order that costs be taxed on any basis other than the standard basis or the indemnity basis, the costs shall be taxed on the standard basis.
(5) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) to (4), if any action is brought in the High Court, which would have been within the jurisdiction of a Subordinate Court, the plaintiff shall not be entitled to any more costs than he would have been entitled to if the proceedings had been brought in a Subordinate Court, unless in any such action a Judge certifies that there was sufficient reason for bringing the action in the High Court. | <urn:uuid:728e777c-c18e-4905-87d5-73ca1fa3aba0> | 2013-05-26T02:37:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.04358552768826485,
0.040296051651239395,
-0.00008191560482373461,
-0.035361841320991516,
0.0899122804403305,
-0.05290570110082626,
-0.04385964944958687,
0.0871710553765297,
-0.040296051651239395,
-0.035361841320991516,
0.08826754242181778,
0.011033442802727222,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972607 | 425 | http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;orderBy=date-rev,loadTime;page=0;query=Id%3A%227dcdbbcf-6fa0-4cab-9907-4b80a94263c0%22%20Status%3Apublished;rec=0 | 0.897621 |
I found myself rummaging through some paperwork that I had put away in an old box; circa 1970 something or other, and there they were my poems from childhood. These weren't famous or even infamous poems, they were poems I had written during a time of great change in my young life. Re-reading these little snippets I was surprised. I was expecting to find lines filled with depression and uncertainty, fear and sadness (I was an angst ridden 15 year old) but instead there was optimism and hope in a better future. To quote Monty Python - I was looking on the bright side of life.
I remembered the relief I used to feel when I'd take pen in hand and just write. Gradually I moved on to using a typewriter, which made me feel very grown-up. The touch of the key and the clicking of each letter gave me a feeling of authenticity. The automatic swoosh of the return carriage whispered keep telling your story... you're not finished yet.
Children and poetry go well together. It's good to start small children with rhyming poetry. The silliness tickles their funny bone and the words entertain their imagination. Children as young as 2 or 3 years-of-age can appreciate nursery rhymes. Short poems are better to hold a very young child's attention. As they grow older you can increase the length of the poems.
You can also use every day events to make-up poems or rhyming sentences such as, Can you hear the pretty bird sing, the one with the blue-blue wing? The pretty bird is such an itty-bitty thing.
Have your child make up poems too - it's all about making poetry fun.
As children get older, reading poems out loud is a great way to share time together. Take turns and let your child pick several of their favorites. Shell Silverstein's poems are fun for kids and adults.
Once your child is a little older, say around 3rd grade, start asking them what they think their favorite poems mean. What do they like about a certain poem, how does it make them feel?
The next step is writing poetry. One theory is that writing poetry doesn't just stimulate a child's creativity but also pushes both sides of the brain to work together. The logical, analytical side with the random, intuitive side.
Word play is an excellent way to begin. Have your child write a word, any word, then all the words that rhyme with it such as cat, bat, hat, sat, that, dat, fat, mat etc.
Ask your child to write 4 sentences that end with the rhyme of that word. It doesn't have to make sense, it just needs to be fun and rhythmical.
Then suggest that your child to pick an object to write about and every detail they can think of about that thing. The next step is to have them take the thing and the rhyming words and create a poem.
When your child moves into the pre-teen and teenage stage, poetry can become more personal and thought provoking. It can provide a deeper sense of the world and what is going on in their life and head. These poems may be a saving grace when times are confusing. They may also be too private to share with anyone at least for a time.
Poetry can give a voice to the unexpected changes that life throws our way. Poems also can morph into songs. Many a musician began their journey with a simple poetic verse.
I smiled as I read the poems that had been filed away years ago. I was searching for something better, something lighter, something sweeter than the moment I was in so I wrote it down in a poem. Give your child the gift of poetry and whether they write, type, text or tweet they will have the words they need to tell their story. | <urn:uuid:45bb11a6-b4bd-4a86-bf90-0f5e8417d9bc> | 2013-05-26T03:03:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0286865234375,
0.0205078125,
0.002197265625,
0.00015354156494140625,
0.06640625,
-0.0260009765625,
0.01239013671875,
0.1025390625,
-0.03466796875,
-0.0150146484375,
0.06640625,
0.030517578125,
0.029052734375,
-0.01373291015625,
0.042236328125,
-0.... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978731 | 788 | http://stjoechannel.com/kidsdr-fulltext/?nxd_id=31482&d=1 | 0.216079 |
Steeped in historical significance. And pretty to look at, too.. History As most would guess by the name alone, the Old Courthouse has moved on from its once pivotal role as the federal court in the city of St. Louis to being a charming historical landmark. Just two blocks from the Gateway Arch, the Courthouse has long provided a picturesque focus to the city's landscape, though its 150-year-plus history makes it much more than just eye candy. Inside the building, you can tour two restored courtrooms and several galleries dedicated to the rich history of St. Louis.
Judgments Built in 1828, the Old Courthouse played host to some of the most important cases of the 19th century. The first two trials in the Dred Scott case took place here in 1847 and 1850, pivotal events that set the stage for the Civil War. A plaque on the west side of the courthouse commemorates the Dred Scott decisions and their importance. Also, in the 1870s, Virginia Minor sued for her right to vote in this courthouse. | <urn:uuid:9721ac62-cae7-49b2-8ab4-ab988fed5b53> | 2013-05-26T02:43:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0023936170618981123,
0.01595744676887989,
-0.014627659693360329,
-0.010305850766599178,
0.05106382817029953,
-0.025930851697921753,
-0.006449467968195677,
0.057446807622909546,
-0.04973404109477997,
0.0006815159576945007,
0.04228723421692848,
0.024734042584896088... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973265 | 216 | http://stlouis.citysearch.com/profile/627072550/st_louis_mo/gateway_arch_old_courthouse.html | 0.206672 |
Welcome to our eBay store. We offer a wide variety of primarily industrial surplus items obtained from a variety of sources. Look around. If you see something you like but don't like the price, make an offer. Whether you are buying new or used, your complete happiness is always guaranteed. | <urn:uuid:59a21463-714b-43f4-a457-dab52c67ddb7> | 2013-05-26T03:04:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.04062499850988388,
-0.013581730425357819,
0.01496394257992506,
-0.0025090144481509924,
0.03533653914928436,
-0.003876201808452606,
0.016466345638036728,
0.025600962340831757,
-0.029326923191547394,
-0.054326921701431274,
0.0625,
0.030048076063394547,
-0.13076... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93847 | 58 | http://stores.ebay.com/Heartland-Asset-Recovery/_i.html?_fsub=17816549 | 0.642724 |
Howard Beach is a neighborhood in the southwestern portion of the New York City borough of Queens. Howard Beach was named after William J. Howard, a Brooklyn glove manufacturer. Howard Beach was established in the 1890s and grew as William Howard purchased more and more land. He laid out the streets, water mains and gas mains, and built 35 houses. In 1905, the Long Island Rail Road created the Ramblersville station and a nearby Post Office. In 1915, a casino, beach and fishing pier were added to the area . As of 2000, there were 28,121 people living in Howard Beach with some notable residents including Jack Kerouac, Woody Guthrie and Vito Antuofermo. | <urn:uuid:017ab38b-bf59-469c-873c-eda00fe63570> | 2013-05-26T02:34:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0037569666747003794,
0.03125,
0.0036325636319816113,
-0.016421178355813026,
0.0792197436094284,
-0.007961783558130264,
-0.008111067116260529,
0.07722929865121841,
-0.00786226149648428,
-0.05075636878609657,
0.11703822016716003,
0.06050955504179001,
0.096337579... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947009 | 142 | http://streeteasy.com/nyc/area/howard-beach-queens | 0.917148 |
Waiting for an opportunity, the trio danced and ate, drank and partied, reveling in the decadent opulence. Riv was swept away on the dance floor, and for a while he was the plaything of a trio of women whose rounded shapes and ample bosoms at times made him feel like a little child again. Curie grazed the walls, her fingers feeling their fabric, her senses probing, entering security systems, dancing around the AI firewalls, staying hidden while charting her surroundings. Wesknife on the other hand drank little, only a glass of water now and then, his eyes wandering seemingly at random. In reality it was far from random, using skills honed at the orbital station training facility agent Wesknife searched for his intended victim.
And the hours passed by; day became evening, and evening became night.
Kiph had wandered off some time ago, following a woman dressed as a gazelle, with antlers and snout mask, into the lower section of the ship. The way they were entwined gave Riv little doubt about their intentions.
Then the music was dampened, the light dimmed and a spotlight turned on. On the speakers a baritone male voice sounded.
"Ladies and gentlemen, I hope you are having fun", the deep, sensual male voice paused dramatically.
"On this maiden voyage of the Truth of Steel, we relive the bold adventures of the citizens of Atlantis and Venice!", to this the crowd cheered.
A man entered the stage, wearing metal body armor, mechanized, complete with massive arms and legs, the hissing of hydralics faintly heard as he moved them. Over his head he wore an impressive snake mask, complete with scales and tongue, the technology used so impressive it seemed as if a snake-man had entered the stage.
The crowd cheered wildly. "Steel, Steel, Steel, STEEL, STEEL!"
The man held an arm up in the air, calming the crowd.
"Tonight we've feasted! Tonight we've danced! Tonight we've @!#$ed in the manner of the ancients! Tonight...", the snake-man looked around, the tongue flickering, sniffing the air. The crowd was totally quiet, holding its breath in anticipation.
"TONIGHT WE RIDE LIKE THE VALKYRIES OF VENICE! TONIGHT WE WILL RAPE AND PILLAGE, WE WILL DESCEND UPON THE WASTELANDS LIKE A DIVINE SCOURGE. WE WILL TEAR SAVAGE WARRIORS TO PIECES, WE WILL RAPE AND ENSLAVE THEIR WOMEN!"
"TONIGHT WE ARE ATLANTEAN WARRIORS COME TO CLAIM OUR DIVINE BIRTHRIGHT!"
His voice calmed down, and with a steady voice he spoke one final time before the crowd erupted into wild cheering and ecstatic jumping.
"Tonight is a blood night. A red night. Tonight we claim our tribute and bathe in the blood of lesser men! Come, my valkyrie riders, come follow me to the divine spear dropships so we may sample the red juices of life. Let us inhale the dread terror of our prey!" | <urn:uuid:86ed60ed-6e90-465d-aa7d-0ab4d1759428> | 2013-05-26T02:43:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0135498046875,
0.01953125,
0.003021240234375,
0.00750732421875,
0.0869140625,
-0.051513671875,
-0.00872802734375,
0.119140625,
-0.0152587890625,
-0.020751953125,
0.048095703125,
0.017822265625,
0.05322265625,
-0.01263427734375,
0.031982421875,
0.0... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94303 | 669 | http://strolen.com/guild/index.php/topic,5074.msg66846.html | 0.542158 |
"Welcome young traveler," spoke a warm voice from the corner. Looking over There is noone there save a pint of ale that suddnely raises in the air and becomes consumed by an unseen visitor.
"I am currently unable to physically appear, but I can still consume vast quantities of booze."
"By the way, I am strom. And, I must say, I am very pleased to meet one from such a far away place.
"How's the temperature down there. It's a mere eighty-something degrees up, or down, here; depending on how you look at it. | <urn:uuid:fd13bd13-8cf0-4ffd-a06d-f67e2ea7bf7b> | 2013-05-26T02:43:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0036057692486792803,
0.016717657446861267,
-0.011309003457427025,
0.03190559521317482,
0.08435314893722534,
-0.04720279574394226,
-0.0032643137965351343,
0.07167831808328629,
-0.012073863297700882,
-0.06512238085269928,
0.032124124467372894,
0.03846153989434242,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959029 | 125 | http://strolen.com/guild/index.php/topic,594.msg9089.html | 0.991649 |
The 1st Octet already specify the network class (1-127: A, 128-191: B,
192-223: C etc.). A, B, or C implies the number of octets for network
(respectively, 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, 255.255.255.0), which
automatically tells you how many hosts is allowed for each class of
While this was historically true. This hasn't been true for years. Years ago 188.8.131.52/8 was given out in pieces to various ISPs. (I believe this was mostly to cable providers.)
Even when it was true for network assignments, netmasks were necessary for internal networks to simplify routing. Efficient routing of a network like 10.0.0.0/8 requires subdivision into smaller networks. This may be a simple scheme using /16 and /8 subdivisions, but is more likely to be classless subdivision. Larger subnets make more efficient use of address space (over 99% of a /24 is available for devices, while only 50% of a /30 is available.
The local network is routed directly from the device, while other addresses are passed through a router. Hosts with multiple interfaces may be connected to networks of different sizes.
For sub-nets without multi-homed hosts a /24 contains more addresses than is required. Most routers I have worked with have 24, 48, or 96 ports and can be supported with /27, /26, or /25 sub-nets. This allows some extra addresses for DCHP and/or multi-homing. Organizations may standardize on allocating sub-nets of /24 or /23 for routing.
Since a IPv4 address already gives the information of the network and and host, why do we >still need a subnet mask?
Many devices use a default netmask of /24 which in many cases matches the size of the local subnet (localnet) assigned to the router. This is equally applicable to classes A, B, and C. Unless the subnet size matches the default subnet a netmask is required.
If addresses are specified using CIDR format, the netmask and network can be calculated from the address. If not the network can be calculated from the address and netmask. It is not possible to reliably calculate the netmask from the address and network.
Providing a gateway (router) address for a subnet allows the default route to be configured allowing routing to addresses outside the subnet. | <urn:uuid:2ea88e48-84db-4362-8101-082a94c733da> | 2013-05-26T03:01:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.017578125,
0.02392578125,
0.0035858154296875,
-0.021484375,
0.0286865234375,
-0.07177734375,
-0.01263427734375,
0.115234375,
-0.0096435546875,
0.006011962890625,
0.09375,
0.0216064453125,
-0.04638671875,
0.03466796875,
0.0223388671875,
-0.01080322... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916623 | 534 | http://superuser.com/questions/394385/why-do-we-need-subnet-mask?answertab=active | 0.250332 |
Select the product you need help with
- Internet Explorer
- Windows Phone
- More products
Detailed Explanation of FAT Boot Sector
Article ID: 140418 - View products that this article applies to.
This article was previously published under Q140418
Understanding the content and function of a file system "boot sector" can be helpful when troubleshooting boot failures or disk corruption.
From time to time, usually due to hardware failure or virus infection, a boot sector may become corrupted. If the partition is the active primary partition, or a partition containing operating system files, this can prevent the system from starting. Otherwise, it may simply prevent access to data on the drive.
Usually, if you suspect disk corruption, it is best to use commercial anti- virus or disk recovery software. In some cases, however, detailed knowledge of the boot sector can come in handy.
This article explains the various fields of a FAT boot sector. Using the following information, it may be possible to manually repair a damaged FAT boot sector. In order to attempt such a repair, disk editing tools capable of editing raw disk sectors are required. This article does not discuss specific tools which can be used to perform such a repair operations.
While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the following information, different operating systems, including future versions of Microsoft operating systems, may use different data structures. Therefore you should make use of the following information at your own risk.
Background and TerminologyIn this document, a "file system boot sector" is the first physical sector on a logical volume. A logical volume might be a primary partition, a logical drive in an extended partition, or a composite of two or more partitions, as is the case with mirrors, stripe sets, and volume sets.
On floppy disks, the boot sector is the first sector on the disk. In the case of hard drives, the first sector is referred to as the "Master Boot Record" or "MBR." This MBR is different from a file system boot sector and contains a partition table, which describes the layout of logical partitions on that hard drive. The file system boot sector would be the first sector in one of those partitions.
The Boot ProcessThe boot process of 80x86-based personal computers (as opposed to RISC- based systems) makes direct use of a file system boot sector for executing instructions. The initial boot process can be summarized as follows:
In the case of FAT volumes which have Windows NT installed, the FAT boot sector is responsible for identifying the location of the file "NTLDR" on the volume, loading it into memory, and transferring control to it.
Inside the FAT Boot SectorBecause the MBR transfers CPU execution to the boot sector, the first few bytes of the FAT boot sector must be valid executable instructions for an 80x86 CPU. In practice these first instructions constitute a "jump" instruction and occupy the first 3 bytes of the boot sector. This jump serves to skip over the next several bytes which are not "executable."
Following the jump instruction is an 8 byte "OEM ID". This is typically a string of characters that identifies the operating system that formatted the volume.
Following the OEM ID is a structure known as the BIOS Parameter Block, or "BPB." Taken as a whole, the BPB provides enough information for the executable portion of the boot sector to be able to locate the NTLDR file. Because the BPB always starts at the same offset, standard parameters are always in a known location. Because the first instruction in the boot sector is a jump, the BPB can be extended in the future, provided new information is appended to the end. In such a case, the jump instruction would only need a minor adjustment. Also, the actual executable code can be fairly generic. All the variability associated with running on disks of different sizes and geometries is encapsulated in the BPB.
The BPB is stored in a packed (that is, unaligned) format. The following table lists the byte offset of each field in the BPB. A description of each field follows the table.
Bytes Per Sector: This is the size of a hardware sector and for most disks in use in the United States, the value of this field will be 512.
Field Offset Length ----- ------ ------ Bytes Per Sector 11 2 Sectors Per Cluster 13 1 Reserved Sectors 14 2 FATs 16 1 Root Entries 17 2 Small Sectors 19 2 Media Descriptor 21 1 Sectors Per FAT 22 2 Sectors Per Track 24 2 Heads 26 2 Hidden Sectors 28 4 Large Sectors 32 4
Sectors Per Cluster: Because FAT is limited in the number of clusters (or "allocation units") that it can track, large volumes are supported by increasing the number of sectors per cluster. The cluster factor for a FAT volume is entirely dependent on the size of the volume. Valid values for this field are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128. Query in the Microsoft Knowledge Base for the term "Default Cluster Size" for more information on this subject.
Reserved Sectors: This represents the number of sectors preceding the start of the first FAT, including the boot sector itself. It should always have a value of at least 1.
FATs: This is the number of copies of the FAT table stored on the disk. Typically, the value of this field is 2.
Root Entries: This is the total number of file name entries that can be stored in the root directory of the volume. On a typical hard drive, the value of this field is 512. Note, however, that one entry is always used as a Volume Label, and that files with long file names will use up multiple entries per file. This means the largest number of files in the root directory is typically 511, but that you will run out of entries before that if long file names are used.
Small Sectors: This field is used to store the number of sectors on the disk if the size of the volume is small enough. For larger volumes, this field has a value of 0, and we refer instead to the "Large Sectors" value which comes later.
Media Descriptor: This byte provides information about the media being used. The following table lists some of the recognized media descriptor values and their associated media. Note that the media descriptor byte may be associated with more than one disk capacity.
Sectors Per FAT: This is the number of sectors occupied by each of the FATs on the volume. Given this information, together with the number of FATs and reserved sectors listed above, we can compute where the root directory begins. Given the number of entries in the root directory, we can also compute where the user data area of the disk begins.
Byte Capacity Media Size and Type F0 2.88 MB 3.5-inch, 2-sided, 36-sector F0 1.44 MB 3.5-inch, 2-sided, 18-sector F9 720 KB 3.5-inch, 2-sided, 9-sector F9 1.2 MB 5.25-inch, 2-sided, 15-sector FD 360 KB 5.25-inch, 2-sided, 9-sector FF 320 KB 5.25-inch, 2-sided, 8-sector FC 180 KB 5.25-inch, 1-sided, 9-sector FE 160 KB 5.25-inch, 1-sided, 8-sector F8 ----- Fixed disk
Sectors Per Track and Heads: These values are a part of the apparent disk geometry in use when the disk was formatted.
Hidden Sectors: This is the number of sectors on the physical disk preceding the start of the volume. (that is, before the boot sector itself) It is used during the boot sequence in order to calculate the absolute offset to the root directory and data areas.
Large Sectors: If the Small Sectors field is zero, this field contains the total number of sectors used by the FAT volume.
Some additional fields follow the standard BIOS Parameter Block and constitute an "extended BIOS Parameter Block." The next fields are:
Physical Drive Number: This is related to the BIOS physical drive number. Floppy drives are numbered starting with 0x00 for the A: drive, while physical hard disks are numbered starting with 0x80. Typically, you would set this value prior to issuing an INT 13 BIOS call in order to specify the device to access. The on-disk value stored in this field is typically 0x00 for floppies and 0x80 for hard disks, regardless of how many physical disk drives exist, because the value is only relevant if the device is a boot device.
Field Offset Length ----- ------ ------ Physical Drive Number 36 1 Current Head 37 1 Signature 38 1 ID 39 4 Volume Label 43 11 System ID 54 8
Current Head: This is another field typically used when doing INT13 BIOS calls. The value would originally have been used to store the track on which the boot record was located, but the value stored on disk is not currently used as such. Therefore, Windows NT uses this field to store two flags:
ID: The ID is a random serial number assigned at format time in order to aid in distinguishing one disk from another.
Volume Label: This field was used to store the volume label, but the volume label is now stored as a special file in the root directory.
System ID: This field is either "FAT12" or "FAT16," depending on the format of the disk.
On a bootable volume, the area following the Extended BIOS Parameter Block is typically executable boot code. This code is responsible for performing whatever actions are necessary to continue the boot-strap process. On Windows NT systems, this boot code will identify the location of the NTLDR file, load it into memory, and transfer execution to that file. Even on a non-bootable floppy disk, there is executable code in this area. The code necessary to print the familiar message, "Non-system disk or disk error" is found on most standard, MS-DOS formatted floppy disks that were not formatted with the "system" option.
Finally, the last two bytes in any boot sector always have the hexidecimal values: 0x55 0xAA.
TroubleshootingIf you suspect that a FAT boot sector is corrupt, you can check several of the fields listed above to see whether the values listed there make sense. For example, BytesPerSector will be 512 in the vast majority of cases. You would also expect to see text strings in the executable code section of the boot sector that are appropriate for the operating system that formatted the disk.
Typical text strings on FAT volumes formatted by MS-DOS include: "Invalid system disk."; "Disk I/O error."; "Replace the disk, and then press any key"; "Non-System disk or disk error"; "Replace and press any key when ready."; and "Disk Boot failure." Text strings on FAT volumes formatted by Windows NT include: "BOOT: Couldn't find NTLDR."; "I/O error reading disk."; and "Please insert another disk." You should not regard this list as being all-inclusive. If you find other messages in the boot sector, this does not necessarily indicate that there is a problem with the boot sector. Different versions of MS-DOS and Windows NT will sometimes have slightly different message strings in their boot sectors. On the other hand, if you find no text whatsoever, or if the text is clearly not related to MS-DOS or Windows NT, you should consider the possibility that your boot sector may have been infected by a virus or that some other form of data corruption may have taken place.
To recover from a boot sector that has been infected by a virus, it is usually best to use a commercial anti-virus program. Many viruses will do much more than just write data to the boot sector, so manual repair of the boot sector is not recommended, as it may not completely eliminate the virus and in some cases, may do more harm than good.
If you suspect that the boot sector was damaged for some other reason, it is usually best to use commercial disk recovery tools. While it may be possible to recover from boot sector damage without resorting to reformatting the drive by manually modifying the fields described above, manual editing of boot sectors should only be attempted as a last resort and cannot be guaranteed to work in situations where other disk structures may also have been damaged.
Article ID: 140418 - Last Review: December 6, 2003 - Revision: 3.0 | <urn:uuid:21e086ac-ac6f-4f88-aaba-5a79b246db88> | 2013-05-26T03:03:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0289306640625,
0.003387451171875,
0.0042724609375,
-0.03369140625,
0.08056640625,
-0.0693359375,
0.01263427734375,
0.1064453125,
-0.0322265625,
-0.0272216796875,
0.06396484375,
0.027099609375,
-0.023681640625,
0.00714111328125,
0.0223388671875,
-0... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89808 | 2,618 | http://support.microsoft.com/kb/140418 | 0.299272 |
The evening begins to wear as our five companions make their way back in groups to the Pig tavern. First, the assassin, fighter and cleric; then not long after, the bard and thief. They find that the tavern is full of guests, as it is nearly every Sunday night, but that their beds have been faithfully kept by Helmunt. By the time they grow comfortable on their first ale at their usual table, the market stalls and goods are completely gone from the square; all that was being sold in the Merchant’s Hall is packed up and carried away until the following Sunday.
But the town is not quiet. A scaffold and stage have been set upon on the front steps of the cathedral facing the square. A small crowd has gathered to watch some of the preparations - a crowd that grows steadily larger, and includes both the poor and wealthy citizenry. While the party discusses the matters of the day (and they shall find the time to do that for themselves, while all that is described below will occur after, during or before their tale telling), a performance is staged.
It is a “mystery play.” Promoted, in this particular case, by the brewer’s guild of Dachau. The thrust of the drama is quite simple, and follows the tale of the good Samaritan. Only in this tale, a man is beaten for his goods by Turkish bandits on the road leading from Dachau to Augsburg. He begs for help from a Frenchman, who ignores him. Then he begs for the aid of an Italian, who likewise ignores him.
Finally, the man is found by a German, who immediately puts the poor fellow on his horse and takes him to his house, where he cares for him. And the robbed victim is discovered to be tremendously wealthy--he gives everything he owns to the German before parting from this world and finding salvation.
When the play ends (assuming it has not been interrupted by a thief thinking he will filch a purse or two), it is quite dark and the square is lit by torches alone. These are extinguished as the audience departs, until the only active place at all near the square is Helmunt’s humble abode. Soon, within an hour or so, Helmunt will close the tavern in accordance with the law, and all its residents will find their way to their beds in the common room upstairs. | <urn:uuid:bc608ab2-82f8-4a18-bc20-1403bd8a0326> | 2013-05-26T02:54:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.0021209716796875,
0.000385284423828125,
-0.0189208984375,
0.0205078125,
0.1337890625,
-0.0177001953125,
-0.00982666015625,
0.09423828125,
-0.0034942626953125,
-0.060791015625,
0.058349609375,
-0.0016021728515625,
-0.001556396484375,
-0.0211181640625,
0... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982108 | 491 | http://tao-dnd.blogspot.com/2009/03/sunday-night-at-pig.html?showComment=1236003660000 | 0.231958 |
Imagine my excitement when I found this website.
I was working in the Library with my guys when I found it. I admit it; I actually "Woo-Hoo"ed. My students looked over at me. I explained that I'd just found a website that explains some of these old medical terms.
"Quick - give me one," I said.
"This says that my guy is 'ruptured'," one boy shot back. "What does THAT mean?"
I plugged it into the search feature on the webpage.
"YES! Your guy has a HERNIA!!!" I said, WAY too excitedly.
This elicited a tremendous positive response from my students. It may be my imagination, but I think two of them may even have high-fived each other.
Then, after a moment of silence...
"Um... What's a hernia?" | <urn:uuid:7c738566-d630-4b9d-a46e-4aa89a7dce2c> | 2013-05-26T03:09:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.02946891263127327,
-0.008986398577690125,
0.013520077802240849,
0.0038860102649778128,
0.06735751032829285,
-0.04760362580418587,
-0.006760038901120424,
0.08678756654262543,
-0.012386658228933811,
-0.05213730409741402,
0.021696891635656357,
0.039831604808568954,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98006 | 184 | http://teachertoys.weebly.com/1/category/online%20dictionary/1.html | 0.218745 |
”Guernica 2012” – composer Daniel Starr-Tambor, who gave us the solar system set to music, commemorates the 75th anniversary of the Bombing of Guernica with a powerful piece, in which each note represents a life lost during “Operation Enduring Freedom” in and around Afghanistan, using only the fundamental notes and harmonics of the symphony orchestra
I found the dates-as-metronome really effective and the “credits” at the end were sobering and fascinating.
As much as I love a Guernica reference, I’m not sure how well it holds up in this case. Aerial bombardment, yes. Civilian casualties, yes. Prelude to a larger conflict, yes. Testing of new combat technology, yes. Ok, maybe it does hold up fairly well.
Students, what do you think? After reading the “credits” do you want to go back and listen again? Are you surprised by the number of countries listed? How well do you think the Guernica / War in Afghanistan analogy holds up?Source: explore-blog | <urn:uuid:389c8b9f-fda4-4296-9a42-a46c9b205610> | 2013-05-26T03:03:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.025544606149196625,
0.006839989684522152,
-0.015171161852777004,
-0.00800700206309557,
0.05523858964443207,
-0.03306535258889198,
-0.013615145348012447,
0.05290456488728523,
-0.02748962678015232,
-0.055497925728559494,
0.014782157726585865,
0.010632780380547047,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943106 | 233 | http://teachingkristin.tumblr.com/tagged/art | 0.274681 |
KParts is the name of the component framework for the KDE desktop environment. An individual component is called a KPart. KParts are analogous to Bonobo components in GNOME, both of which are based on the same concepts as Microsoft's Object Linking and Embedding.
Konsole is available as a KPart and is used in applications like Konqueror and Kate. Good examples about how KParts can be used are Konqueror, which (among other things) uses the KWord part to display documents, KMPlayer part to play multimedia, and Kontact, which embeds kdepim applications under one roof. | <urn:uuid:1beee4b3-533c-49b2-9e96-1de536f96ff3> | 2013-05-26T02:37:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.027652878314256668,
0.007981115020811558,
0.04743704944849014,
0.0007376911235041916,
0.02383093535900116,
-0.012196492403745651,
0.018772482872009277,
0.09622301906347275,
-0.02371852472424507,
-0.052383095026016235,
0.04991007223725319,
0.050359711050987244,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916833 | 129 | http://techbase.kde.org/index.php?title=Development/Architecture/KDE4/KParts&oldid=6217 | 0.527753 |
The @@ERROR system function returns 0 if the last Transact-SQL statement executed successfully; if the statement generated an error, @@ERROR returns the error number. The value of @@ERROR changes on the completion of each Transact-SQL statement.
Because @@ERROR gets a new value when every Transact-SQL statement completes, process @@ERROR in one of two ways:
Test or use @@ERROR immediately after the Transact-SQL statement.
Save @@ERROR in an integer variable immediately after the Transact-SQL statement completes. The value of the variable can be used later.
If the statement generating the error is not in the TRY block of a TRY…CATCH construct, @@ERROR must be tested or used in the statement immediately after the statement that generated the error. If the statement generating the error is in a TRY block, @@ERROR can be tested or used in the first statement in the associated CATCH block. Within the scope of a CATCH block, the ERROR_NUMBER function can be used to retrieve the same error number reported by @@ERROR. ERROR_NUMBER has the advantage that it is available to all statements in the scope of the CATCH block, whereas @@ERROR is reset by the first statement in the CATCH block.
Conditional statements, such as the IF statement, reset @@ERROR. If you reference @@ERROR in an IF statement, references to @@ERROR in the IF or ELSE blocks will not retrieve the @@ERROR information. In the following example, @@ERROR is reset by IF and does not return the error number when referenced in the PRINT statement.
DECLARE @ErrorVar INT RAISERROR(N'Message', 16, 1); IF @@ERROR <> 0 -- This PRINT statement prints 'Error = 0' because -- @@ERROR is reset in the IF statement above. PRINT N'Error = ' + CAST(@@ERROR AS NVARCHAR(8)); GO
The following example returns the expected results.
DECLARE @ErrorVar INT RAISERROR(N'Message', 16, 1); -- Save the error number before @@ERROR is reset by -- the IF statement. SET @ErrorVar = @@ERROR IF @ErrorVar <> 0 -- This PRINT statement correctly prints 'Error = 50000'. PRINT N'Error = ' + CAST(@ErrorVar AS NVARCHAR(8)); GO
If you want to reference both @@ERROR and @@ROWCOUNT after a statement is run, they must be referenced in the same statement. Both @@ERROR and @@ROWCOUNT are reset with each Transact-SQL statement; therefore, both must be referenced in the same statement immediately after the one being tested. In the following example, @@ROWCOUNT will always be 0 because it is not referenced until after it has been reset by the first PRINT statement.
USE AdventureWorks2008R2; GO DELETE FROM HumanResources.JobCandidate WHERE JobCandidateID = 13; -- This PRINT would successfully capture any error number. PRINT N'Error = ' + CAST(@@ERROR AS NVARCHAR(8)); -- This PRINT will always print 'Rows Deleted = 0 because -- the previous PRINT statement set @@ROWCOUNT to 0. PRINT N'Rows Deleted = ' + CAST(@@ROWCOUNT AS NVARCHAR(8)); GO
The following example returns the expected results.
USE AdventureWorks2008R2; GO DECLARE @ErrorVar INT; DECLARE @RowCountVar INT; DELETE FROM HumanResources.JobCandidate WHERE JobCandidateID = 13; -- Save @@ERROR and @@ROWCOUNT while they are both -- still valid. SELECT @ErrorVar = @@ERROR, @RowCountVar = @@ROWCOUNT; IF (@ErrorVar <> 0) PRINT N'Error = ' + CAST(@ErrorVar AS NVARCHAR(8)); PRINT N'Rows Deleted = ' + CAST(@RowCountVar AS NVARCHAR(8)); GO
@@ERROR is raised only for errors, not for warnings; batches, stored procedures, and triggers cannot use @@ERROR to detect any warnings that have occurred.
A common use of @@ERROR in SQL Server 2000 and earlier is to indicate the success or failure of a stored procedure. An integer variable is initialized to 0. After each Transact-SQL statement completes, @@ERROR is tested for being 0, and if it is not 0, it is stored in the variable. The procedure then returns the variable on the RETURN statement. If none of the Transact-SQL statements in the procedure had an error, the variable remains at 0. If one or more statements generated an error, the variable holds the last error number. The following example shows a simple stored procedure with this logic.
USE AdventureWorks2008R2; GO IF EXISTS(SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = N'SampleProcedure') DROP PROCEDURE SampleProcedure; GO -- Create a procedure that takes one input parameter -- and returns one output parameter and a return code. CREATE PROCEDURE SampleProcedure @EmployeeIDParm INT, @MaxVacation INT OUTPUT AS -- Declare and initialize a variable to hold @@ERROR. DECLARE @ErrorSave1 INT, @ErrorSave2 INT; SET @ErrorSave1 = 0; -- Do a SELECT using the input parameter. SELECT LoginID, NationalIDNumber, JobTitle FROM HumanResources.Employee WHERE BusinessEntityID = @EmployeeIDParm; -- Save @@ERROR value in first local variable. SET @ErrorSave1 = @@ERROR; -- Set a value in the output parameter. SELECT @MaxVacation = MAX(VacationHours) FROM HumanResources.Employee; -- Save @@ERROR value in second local variable. SET @ErrorSave2 = @@ERROR; -- If second test variable contains non-zero value, -- overwrite value in first local variable. IF (@ErrorSave2 <> 0) SET @ErrorSave1 = @ErrorSave2; -- Returns 0 if neither SELECT statement had -- an error; otherwise, returns the last error. RETURN @ErrorSave1; GO DECLARE @OutputParm INT; DECLARE @ReturnCode INT; EXEC @ReturnCode = SampleProcedure 13, @OutputParm OUTPUT; PRINT N'OutputParm = ' + CAST(@OutputParm AS NVARCHAR(20)); PRINT N'ReturnCode = ' + CAST(@ReturnCode AS NVARCHAR(20)); GO
Using @@ERROR as the primary means of detecting errors leads to a very different style of error-handling code than that which is used with TRY…CATCH constructs.
@@ERROR must be either tested or saved after every Transact-SQL statement because a developer cannot predict in advance which statement might generate an error. This doubles the number of Transact-SQL statements that must be coded to implement a given piece of logic.
TRY…CATCH constructs are much simpler. A block of Transact-SQL statements is bounded by BEGIN TRY and END TRY statements, and then one CATCH block is written to handle errors that might be generated by that block of statements.
Outside of a CATCH block, @@ERROR is the only part of a Database Engine error available within the batch, stored procedure, or trigger that generated the error. All other parts of the error, such as its severity, state, and message text containing replacement strings (object names, for example) are returned only to the application in which they can be processed using the API error-handling mechanisms. If the error invokes a CATCH block, the system functions ERROR_LINE, ERROR_MESSAGE, ERROR_PROCEDURE, ERROR_NUMBER, ERROR_SEVERITY, and ERROR_STATE can be used. | <urn:uuid:2848c277-e420-4638-b9d9-e63b568f4fa4> | 2013-05-26T02:57:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0302734375,
-0.0260009765625,
0.01202392578125,
-0.02197265625,
0.05126953125,
-0.1923828125,
0.0230712890625,
0.1142578125,
-0.04736328125,
0.0247802734375,
0.1533203125,
0.03076171875,
-0.08447265625,
0.0546875,
0.032958984375,
-0.043701171875,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.723881 | 1,657 | http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190193(d=printer).aspx | 0.847513 |
Register for Free Account to be able to view this player's historic rankings and the histories for all players in the Nation's Top 50.
Senior Year (Sep 2005 - Aug 2006)
Recruiting List Percentile
What is a percentile?
Your percentile is a value between 1 and 100 that indicates the percentage of players ranked below you. For instance, if you are ranked higher than 70% of all players, then you would be in the 70th percentile.
Why do you chart the percentile instead of the rank?
The number of ranked players in the TennisRecruiting.net lists changes from week to week, and the differences can be dramatic over long periods of time. For example, there may be only 500 players ranked before the busy summer season - and 1000 players ranked at the end. With these changes, your ranking may change significantly over long periods of time - and these changes are not necessarily correlated with your performance.
We have found that percentile does not fluctuate as widely as the raw rankings and better correlates with performance. Using percentiles makes the historical ranking charts more meaningful.
Why does the chart start at the 50th percentile?
The pool of players considered is much bigger than the players that we rank. Just meeting the eligibility requirements of our lists in terms of wins is an accomplishment. Since more than 50% of the players are ineligible across all classes, we decided to show from 50 to 100. | <urn:uuid:65fc5b48-e93b-4f7a-908b-3aebba88db0a> | 2013-05-26T03:04:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.01664719544351101,
0.014992211945354939,
0.004283489193767309,
-0.013045171275734901,
0.04789719730615616,
-0.07554516941308975,
-0.009929906576871872,
0.05295950174331665,
-0.014992211945354939,
-0.015868380665779114,
0.11915887892246246,
0.02463006228208542,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959953 | 290 | http://tennisrecruiting.net/player/chart.asp?id=76035 | 0.243336 |
Broussard will drop some of its legal challenges of Lafayette’s annexations along Ambassador Caffery Parkway South, Broussard Mayor Charles Langlinais announced Thursday in what he said was a “good faith” effort to resolve ongoing disputes between the two cities.
Leaders in Lafayette and Broussard have been publicly feuding since 2010, when Lafayette annexed unincorporated areas along the new stretch of Ambassador Caffery between Lafayette and Broussard.
The dispute escalated with a disagreement over Broussard’s contract to buy wholesale water from Lafayette.
The larger city has since ended animal control services in Broussard and has announced plans to end fire dispatch services for Broussard next month.
Lafayette City-Parish President Joey Durel has said he would reconsider offering those services if Broussard dropped its annexation lawsuit against Lafayette.
Langlinais said in a statement Thursday that he hoped Broussard’s decision to pull back its lawsuit against Lafayette would prompt “Durel to make a similar showing of good faith” and meet with “a neutral mediator to resolve the remaining annexation dispute, the water issues, and all other remaining disputes.”
Durel on Thursday declined to discuss his next steps until after Broussard formally dismisses the legal claims.
Even if Broussard dismisses the annexation challenges referenced in Langlinais’ announcement, the smaller city would still have pending litigation over some 200 acres of Lafayette’s annexations along Ambassador Caffery.
That area includes land owned by people who had originally petitioned to join Broussard.
Broussard officials have characterized Lafayette’s annexations along the four-lane stretch of Ambassador Caffery South as a land grab for frontage along a busy corridor that could be a lucrative source of tax revenue in the future.
Lafayette has countered that about half of the new six-mile section of Ambassador Caffery already runs through Broussard.
Langlinais said Broussard plans to alter the pending annexation lawsuit against Lafayette to drop objections to the larger city’s annexation of 2½ miles of the Ambassador Caffery roadbed and the Vieux Chenes Golf Course.
Vieux Chenes is owned by Lafayette but had been in an unincorporated area of the parish before the annexation.
Broussard has argued that the issue was not the annexation of the golf course itself but rather the annexation of the long stretch of Ambassador Caffery leading to the golf course.
Lafayette’s annexation of the road makes it more difficult for Broussard to push farther north along Ambassador Caffery.
Durel cited the annexation lawsuit last year when he declined to renew a contract under which Broussard had been paying Lafayette for animal control services.
Durel has also said the Lafayette Fire Department next month will stop providing dispatch services for the Broussard Fire Department, forcing the smaller city to either launch a dispatch service or contract with another agency. | <urn:uuid:6c595d56-b260-458c-9841-ee528c10f09a> | 2013-05-26T03:02:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.00994873046875,
0.036865234375,
-0.01092529296875,
0.0081787109375,
0.07958984375,
-0.01611328125,
-0.01513671875,
0.12890625,
-0.0172119140625,
-0.051513671875,
0.1083984375,
0.03076171875,
-0.169921875,
-0.0283203125,
0.055908203125,
-0.03759765... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959479 | 656 | http://theadvocate.com/news/5503554-123/broussard-to-drop-some-legal | 0.179809 |
By abridging my right to carry a firearm for self-defense without providing adequate security against violent attacks, such businesses put me and my family at unnecessary and, in my view, unreasonable risk when patronizing said establishment. This would be akin to a business barring its customers from bringing fire extinguishers onto its premises while at the same time refusing to have a sprinkler system or fire extinguishers of its own.
This argument fails a simple logical (and smell) test. Go. Somewhere. Else.
The businesses don't put you and your family at unnecessary risk, you do so yourself by patronizing them. Go elsewhere. Why would you patronize an establishment with no fire control system that barred you from bringing your own, if fire was your primary concern?
"We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone." And I reserve the right to go somewhere I'm comfortable. | <urn:uuid:2342e4b0-0517-4d0d-b206-4abfc8b2ecdf> | 2013-05-26T02:36:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.03928571566939354,
0.00866815447807312,
0.010044642724096775,
-0.012723213993012905,
0.07529761642217636,
-0.05922618880867958,
-0.0018787202425301075,
0.09166666865348816,
-0.03020833246409893,
-0.03928571566939354,
0.07976190745830536,
0.04136904701590538,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952928 | 179 | http://thefiringline.com/forums/showpost.php?p=5375875&postcount=30 | 0.884723 |
A DFU loop only happens when you've put your device into DFU Mode (by hardware). Sometimes during the restore with your messed-up IPSW, iTunes will return error 31. This indicates that your device is in DFU Mode and cannot be exited, even after attempting to reboot. This is what's referred to as a DFU loop. The only solution is to restore a working firmware. | <urn:uuid:df0ff619-fe8e-4d79-a932-e9cc28ece75d> | 2013-05-26T02:33:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.03447690233588219,
-0.017068613320589066,
0.022078804671764374,
-0.01664402149617672,
0.06725543737411499,
-0.07948369532823563,
-0.006793478038161993,
0.0648777186870575,
-0.040421195328235626,
-0.09782608598470688,
0.02819293551146984,
0.05264945700764656,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96345 | 81 | http://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/DFU_Loop | 0.484915 |
As if things weren’t chaotic enough in the Gulf of Aden: a suspected pirate ship that was sunk last week by the Indian Navy now appears to have actually been a Thai fishing trawler, according to CNN, which cites the ship’s owner.
Last week, the Indian Navy reported that one of its warships, the INS Tabar, which had been deployed to the region to repulse the growing pirate threat, encountered a flotilla of three pirate vessels some 320 miles south west of the Omani coast. The Tabar fought a battle at sea, sinking one suspect vessel — what it called the “mother ship” — and forcing the pirates to abandon a second as they fled.
The sinking seemed to be an important blow against the pirates, most of whom are based in Somalia and who now roam across vast areas of the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden, attacking seemingly at will.
(A few days earlier, pirates had brazenly seized an enormous Saudi-owned supertanker, the Sirius Star, which remains at anchor off the coast of Somalia, close to a Ukrainian freighter loaded with tanks, artillery, grenade launchers and ammunition, which has been held hostage since late September.)
But it turns out now that the “mother ship” may not have been in pirate hands very long. According to the CNN report, the ship was the trawler Ekawat Nava 5, which had been headed from Oman to Yemen to deliver fishing equipment when it was attacked by pirates off the Horn of Africa, according to Wicharn Sirichaiekawat, owner of the Ekawat Nava 5. The pirates were still taking control of the ship when the Tabar moved in, he said.
Mr. Sirichaiekawat learned of his ship’s fate when a Cambodian crewman was found alive by a passing ship after he had been adrift in the gulf for six days. He had survived the gunfire from the Indian Navy and the sinking of the ship, and was taken to a hospital in Yemen, where he is recovering. Fourteen other sailors from the trawler were still missing and one was confirmed dead, the owner said.
With the situation in the waters off Somalia clearly out of control, warships from the United States, other NATO and European Union nations and Russia are also steaming into the area as part of a reinvigorated worldwide effort to crush the pirates.
The German press published unconfirmed reports on Tuesday that the German government is considering sending up to 1,400 troops to combat the Somali pirates.
Others in the German press compared the ardency with which the country is willing to tackle the pirates with its contribution to the war on terror in Afghanistan, where Berlin currently contributes about 3,500 troops to the war, according to Der Spiegel. | <urn:uuid:019408db-7f51-40b2-b31e-50b78447f6c0> | 2013-05-26T03:02:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.006927490234375,
0.058349609375,
-0.01953125,
0.0159912109375,
0.111328125,
-0.0859375,
-0.032470703125,
0.0908203125,
-0.004241943359375,
-0.046142578125,
0.048828125,
0.045654296875,
-0.0216064453125,
0.002227783203125,
0.0230712890625,
-0.000013... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978297 | 582 | http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/25/pirate-mother-ship-or-thai-trawler/ | 0.300275 |
12-year-old child arrested 10 times by Israel in three years
October 20, 2012
In an unwavering voice, Muslim Odeh recounted how Israeli riot police took him from his bed earlier this week, blindfolded him, subjected him to hours of intense interrogation and held him overnight in a Jerusalem prison compound.
Odeh vomited after Israeli police punched him four times in the stomach on his way to his prison cell. Odeh’s calm demeanor, only days after his ordeal, was evidence of how this was his tenth arrest in three years.
More shocking, however, is the fact that this resident of Silwan in East Jerusalem is only 12-years-old. “I miss my house,” Odeh told The Electronic Intifada, as he stared longingly from the balcony of his uncle’s home — where he is under house arrest until next Wednesday, 24 October — onto his family’s house below.
“I don’t feel comfortable. I miss my friends, my grandmother, my mother,” he said. “I don’t know if they will arrest me again.”
Muslim Odeh was first arrested at the age of nine. During each arrest, Israeli police have accused him of throwing stones and Molotov cocktails. Today, he is being held under house arrest at his uncle’s home in the East Jerusalem neighborhood of Jabel Mukaber. If he violates the conditions of his release, he will be re-arrested and forced to pay a fine of 5,000 shekels ($1,300).
A group of Israeli riot police entered his home with two dogs, the 12-year-old explained, during the most recent arrest. “I heard dogs near me. I was scared,” he said, adding that, moments later, the police brought him blindfolded to an Israeli police station in East Jerusalem.
There, Israeli interrogators accused him of throwing Molotov cocktails and stones, and asked him about the activities of other children in Silwan. While he wasn’t physically harmed during the interrogation, the main Israeli investigator yelled and forcibly slammed his hand on the table to scare him, Odeh said.
“I said I didn’t do anything,” said Odeh, who was interrogated from 5am until 3pm before being transferred to the notorious Russian Compound (Moskobiye, in Arabic) prison compound in West Jerusalem. There, he was held with six other prisoners who, he said, were Palestinian teenagers from the Shuafat refugee camp.
“I was the youngest in the room, [and] in the whole Moskobiye,” Odeh added.
Child arrests widespread
According to a report released by Save the Children and the East Jerusalem YMCA Rehabilitation Program in March, the Israeli authorities have arrested and detained over 8,000 Palestinian children in the West Bank and East Jerusalem since 2000 (“The impact of child detention: Occupied Palestinian Territory,” March 2012).
The report found that most of the children were handcuffed and blindfolded during their arrest — which was most often carried out on suspicion that the children threw stones — and that they were almost always interrogated and held without access to a lawyer or their parents.
Nearly all children (98 percent) were subjected to physical or psychological violence during their arrest and detention, the report found, and 90 percent of children suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder.
“Children were subjected to isolation and ill-treatment; many developed a fear of dogs used for searching. They suffered from nightmares, sleeping and eating disorders, bedwetting, and feared re- arrest or acquired unhealthy habits such as smoking,” the report stated.
Addameer, the Ramallah-based Palestinian prisoners’ support and human rights association, has reported that as of 1 September this year, some 194 Palestinian children were held in Israeli detention centers, including 30 below the age of 16 (“Key Issues: Children,” Addameer website).
“Forms of ill-treatment used by the Israeli soldiers during a child’s arrest and interrogation usually include slapping, beating, kicking and violent pushing. Palestinian children are also routinely verbally abused. Despite recommendations by the UN Committee Against Torture in May 2009 that the interrogations should be video recorded, no provisions to this effect have yet been enacted,” Addameer found.
In July 2009, Israel created a juvenile military court system for Palestinian minors from the West Bank and East Jerusalem. After decades of trying Palestinians over 16-years-old as adults — in violation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which defines children as anyone 18 and under — Israel also recently began treating all Palestinians under 18 as children.
But according to Khaled Quzmar, legal advisor at Defence for Children International-Palestine Section (DCI), these changes are nothing more than “cosmetic” and haven’t really changed the overall system of oppression.
“Israel marketed [these changes to] the world as applying international human rights law and [that] they are going to stop prosecuting children in the Israeli military courts. In fact, on the ground, the same court and the same judges [are in place],” Quzmar told The Electronic Intifada. “In fact, nothing changed. The same campaigns of arrests continued.”
DCI has found that despite putting juvenile courts in place, Israel still treats Palestinian children as adults when it comes to sentencing, bail applications and how long detainees can be denied access to a lawyer, which is set at 90 days for both adults and children (“Children prosecuted in Israeli military courts,” 2 October).
Quzmar added that the arrests of Palestinian children aim to deter resistance to Israeli occupation policies, and in some cases, force families to leave their homes and villages altogether.
“They put pressure on the families by arresting their children or targeting their children, so maybe this policy will force the families to leave the area. This policy is very clear in Jerusalem. The courts used to sentence the children deport the children from their houses so it is a kind of transfer,” he said.
For 12-year-old Muslim Odeh, the psychological impact of his many arrests has been difficult. “I have nightmares,” Odeh said. “Sometimes I dream that the police are coming to take me, but then I wake up to see that I’m not in prison but in my house.” | <urn:uuid:5a9ba339-03a2-419c-80bb-01402c6c99cd> | 2013-05-26T02:42:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
0.01458740234375,
-0.004669189453125,
-0.0201416015625,
0.003204345703125,
0.1298828125,
-0.0172119140625,
-0.01031494140625,
0.09326171875,
-0.00897216796875,
-0.07275390625,
0.07763671875,
0.035400390625,
0.0145263671875,
-0.00933837890625,
0.042236328... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979356 | 1,375 | http://thepeoplesrecord.com/tagged/Israeli-apartheid | 0.162567 |
A New Theory of the Endowment Effect – Abstract
Posted by The Situationist Staff on April 26, 2008
Owen Jones and Sarah Brosnan have posted their article, “Law, Biology, and Property: A New Theory of the Endowment Effect” 48 William & Mary Law Review (2008) on SSRN. We’ve included the abstract below.
* * *
Recent work at the intersection of law and behavioral biology has suggested numerous contexts in which legal thinking could benefit by integrating knowledge from behavioral biology. In one of those contexts, behavioral biology may help to provide theoretical foundation for, and potentially increased predictive power concerning, various psychological traits relevant to law. This Article describes an experiment that explores that context.
The paradoxical psychological bias known as the endowment effect puzzles economists, skews market behavior, impedes efficient exchange of goods and rights, and thereby poses important problems for law. Although the effect is known to vary widely, there are at present no satisfying explanations for why it manifests when and how it does. Drawing on evolutionary biology, this Article provides a new theory of the endowment effect. Briefly, we hypothesize that the endowment effect is an evolved propensity of humans and, further, that the degree to which an item is evolutionarily relevant will affect the strength of the endowment effect. The theory generates a novel combination of three predictions. These are: (1) the effect is likely to be observable in many other species, including close primate relatives; (2) the prevalence of the effect in other species is likely to vary across items; and (3) the prevalence of the endowment effect will increase or decrease, respectively, with the increasing or decreasing evolutionary salience of the item in question.
The authors tested these predictions in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) experiment, recently published in Current Biology. The data, further explored here, are consistent with each of the three predictions. Consequently, this theory may explain why the endowment effect exists in humans and other species. It may also help both to predict and to explain some of the variability in the effect when it does manifest. And, more broadly, the results of the experiment suggest that combining life science and social science perspectives could lead to a more coherent framework for understanding the wider variety of other cognitive heuristics and biases relevant to law. | <urn:uuid:9666a4f5-1849-4399-a2e0-4fe176005613> | 2013-05-26T02:34:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0225830078125,
0.025146484375,
0.0238037109375,
0.0137939453125,
0.08984375,
-0.056396484375,
-0.00101470947265625,
0.1298828125,
-0.028564453125,
0.00775146484375,
0.0771484375,
0.000736236572265625,
-0.10791015625,
0.044189453125,
0.0284423828125,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925485 | 479 | http://thesituationist.wordpress.com/2008/04/26/a-new-theory-of-the-endowment-effect-abstract/ | 0.195367 |
NEW VIDEO: Usher's "Dive"
Usher has released the "Dive" video from his latest album Looking 4 Myself. Watch the vid inside.......
As he celebrates winning his child custody battle, pop star Usher has dropped the clip for his "Dive" track. The beautiful video for the Rico Love and Jim Jonsin-produced single shows the singer diving into love. It ends with a gorgeous shot of him and his lady friend kissing under the water.
Watch the video here: | <urn:uuid:5e535731-00fe-41da-a96b-770d5f8f07e7> | 2013-05-26T02:34:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0364583320915699,
0.02124451845884323,
-0.01781798154115677,
0.030153509229421616,
0.09484649449586868,
0.0011650219094008207,
0.005859375,
0.07401315867900848,
-0.024808114394545555,
-0.05646929889917374,
0.005550986621528864,
0.024396929889917374,
0.0217927... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968284 | 107 | http://theybf.com/2012/08/25/new-video-ushers-dive | 0.23608 |
Boracay Island: Then and Now.
The Chronicles of Boracay Island: Island History
Buracay is Boracay
Boracay Island: an island so beautiful, sometimes sinful, always controversial. This makes it intriguing and causes people to return again and again, if they cannot linger for a lifetime. Its rich History dates back in the early 17th-8th Century.
Boracay is more than just another Island and Resort by the Sea. She was a shy island, with a secretive and secluded past hidden behind the history of time, the soil molded by the hands of a woman and her loyal peers that made the island into a paradise. The island is indeed a creation of the Almighty with a past.
As history books tell stories of times past, few is ever written or told about the island's history prior to its popularity in the seventies. Many would write about it but with always the same tone - its past being shaded or unknown.
Others would tell tales about how the island was discovered - film crews, German writers, backpackers.
Some people considered themselves lucky for having had the time spent with the settlers and old people in Boracay. Accounts of fisherfolks and Ati indeed were mentioned. There is one account that they revealed - about who they often referred to as the "First Family" of Boracay - they were considered as among the first settlers of the island who lived among the Ati.
No wonder there are Villas and Cottages named in her honor. No wonder there are structures which stood and are named in his honor.
History: The couple: ?Lamberto Hontiveros Tirol and Sofia Ner Gonzales
They settled in the island in the 1900s when Lamberto became a Judge in Buruanga, an old name for Malay. Sofia had a small lot in the area where they constructed a small shelter. Later on, a number of islanders sold their lots to the couple, until a relatively large area was occupied by the family.
Lamberto, or Lamber as he was fondly called by the islanders, was a good provider, he worked hard to earned his own keep and to give his family a good life. Sofia, or Sofing, as she was fondly called by her fellow Boracaynons, was a green thumb, a good administratrix and a good employer. While Lamberto work, she and her workers would go around and about the island planting trees and vegetables. She was able to plant thousands of coconut trees. Her main product was that of tobacco and copra. It was written that she was able to produce first class tobacco which were traded from all over Luzon.
It was an early demise for Lamberto. He left behind a young widow to tend their orphaned children. Despite her broken heart, she maintained that composure of a strong willed woman, continued to take care of the island, made it into something the world would call "Island Paradise."
With the help of a nephew Josefino Sta Maria Tirol?, Sofia was able to place her portion in the island under the Torrens System. In 1929, Sofia was granted a title in her favor and for the Heirs of Lamberto Hontiveros Tirol. At that time, Aklan was still part of Capiz, so was Malay, so that the Ordinary Registration Proceedings for Titling over Panay was lodge in the Courts of First Instance in Capiz Area. In 1931, Honorable Enrique Altavaz of the General Land Registration Office issued giving formally a torrens title over a large portion of the island.
Sofia's ground work gained her the appreciation she much deserved. In 1987, in a magazine (The Sunday Times Magazine, November, 1987), an article was written about the woman behind the greening of Boracay. The article was about Sofia Ner Gonzales. Today, the island remained to be as Sofia intended it to be: an Island Paradise. She would have wanted it the way it was: with all the coconut trees standing almost everywhere, including bended cocos that gave the island the unique scenery peculiarly exclusive to Boracay. Sadly, those trees are no longer there. Environment and legal issues beset the island. Government intervention seem to aggravate the matter. Nonetheless, Boracay remained one of the best beaches in the world.
Modern Day Boracay: 1970 marks the beginning of the Modern Age of Boracay Island. Even though electricity arrived in the late 1980, visitors came pouring in, bringing along their own amenities, especially water to drink. In the early fifties, or right after the War (WWII), business, great and small, began to blossom in the island. On some parts, dirt or rocky or smooth roads gave way to paved ones.
Sofia would have wanted the island to stay as it was, with millions of trees resting peacefully and happily on white sugar-coated sands of the island, with few joyous people relaxing by watching the calm and serene blue ocean touching the blue heavens... But times changed and the rest had to change with time.
Rapid growth of the Island began in 1970, and the population has grown. Today, this beautiful sea island continues to offer Visitor and Resident alike a beautiful oasis featuring miles of blue beaches, World Class golf, recreation and a renewal of spirit as one finds himself surrounded, and enriched by, the peaceful beauty of nature.
Our Thanks and Appreciation to the Heirs of Lamberto Hontiveros Tirol and Sofia Ner Gonzales for sharing their ancient journals, letters, case files and old accounts from islanders of the island. Special Thanks to the heirs of Boracaynons who corroborated the stories written above and used as a source for this brief history. Most of all, thanks to Teresita Tirol Rojo Corpus and the one who helped compile this History of the Island. You know who you are. I thank you.
Published on 10/12/11 | <urn:uuid:d79e4d7d-b873-4d0e-a8ef-192ce9846cc7> | 2013-05-26T02:44:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.005126953125,
0.006591796875,
-0.0159912109375,
-0.0162353515625,
0.0849609375,
-0.0419921875,
-0.0223388671875,
0.07861328125,
-0.01904296875,
-0.014404296875,
0.0654296875,
0.01904296875,
0.050048828125,
-0.0137939453125,
0.0260009765625,
-0.025... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97527 | 1,264 | http://thingsasian.com/stories-photos/50385/55274775/0/brt0_art | 0.214724 |
Explanation: Please wait while one of the largest mobile machines in the world crosses the road. The machine pictured above is a bucket-wheel excavator used in modern surface mining. Machines like this have given humanity the ability to mine minerals and change the face of planet Earth in new and dramatic ways. Some open pit mines, for example, are visible from orbit. The largest excavators are over 200 meters long and 100 meters high, now dwarfing the huge NASA Crawler that transports space shuttles to the launch pads. Bucket-wheel excavators can dig a hole the length of a football field to over 25 meters deep in a single day. They may take a while to cross a road, though, with a top speed under one kilometer per hour. | <urn:uuid:7e88181f-71be-4790-9182-7f6015ab60d7> | 2013-05-26T03:09:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.048728812485933304,
0.01809675060212612,
-0.0057821329683065414,
0.010858050547540188,
0.06179378554224968,
-0.07026836276054382,
0.005737994331866503,
0.12641243636608124,
-0.027542373165488243,
0.0014234640402719378,
0.06744350492954254,
0.027189265936613083,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91123 | 155 | http://thoughtsfortheopenminded.blogspot.com/2006/11/human-invention-never-ceases-to-amaze.html | 0.316388 |
Rodney James Alcala (born August 23, 1943) is a convicted rapist and serial killer who was sentenced to death in California in 2010 for five murders committed between 1977 and 1979, and is thought to be responsible for others. He is sometimes labeled the "Dating Game Killer" due to his 1978 appearance on the American television show The Dating Game in the very midst of his murder spree.Alcala is also notable for exceptional demonstrations of cruelty: Prosecutors say he "toyed" with his victims, strangling them until they lost consciousness, then waiting until they revived, sometimes repeating this process several times before finally killing them.
Investigators have found a collection of hundreds of photos of women and teenaged boys photographed by Alcala, and speculate that he could be responsible for many more murders in California. He is also a suspect in at least two unsolved murders in New York.Authorities have compared him to Ted Bundy, and fear that, as evidence continues to mount, he may prove to be one of the most prolific serial killers in American history
Early criminal history
Alcala committed his first known crime in 1968: A motorist in Los Angeles witnessed him luring an eight-year-old girl named Tali Shapiro into his Hollywood apartment and called police. The girl was found in the apartment raped and beaten with a steel bar, but Alcala escaped. He fled to the east coast and obtained a counseling job at a New Hampshire arts camp for children, using the name John Burger.
In 1971, after two campers noticed Alcala's FBI wanted poster at the post office and notified camp directors, he was arrested and extradited back to California. By then, however, Tali Shapiro's parents had relocated her to Mexico, and refused to allow her to testify at Alcala's trial. Alcala was permitted to plead guilty to a lesser charge. He was paroled after 34 months, in 1974, under the "indeterminate sentencing" program popular at the time, which allowed parole boards to release offenders as soon as they demonstrated evidence of "rehabilitation."
Less than two months later, Alcala was arrested for violating parole and providing marijuana to a 13-year old girl who claimed she had been kidnapped. Once again, he was paroled after serving two years of an "indeterminate sentence."
In 1977, despite his criminal record and official registration as a sex offender, he was hired as a typesetter by the Los Angeles Times in the midst of their coverage of the Hillside Strangler murders.
During this period Alcala also convinced dozens of young women that he was a professional fashion photographer, and photographed them for his "portfolio." Most of those photos remain unidentified, and police fear that some of the women may be additional victims | <urn:uuid:e77c824b-6556-49d4-b728-65a4dff2ebcd> | 2013-05-26T02:34:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.0166015625,
0.0172119140625,
-0.00677490234375,
0.00616455078125,
0.10791015625,
-0.052734375,
-0.009033203125,
0.09765625,
-0.0264892578125,
-0.037353515625,
0.0927734375,
0.033447265625,
-0.009521484375,
-0.01373291015625,
0.041748046875,
-0.038... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982 | 561 | http://tips4bsense.blogspot.com/2010/09/rodney-alcala-convicted-rapist-and.html | 0.744403 |