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I have been knitting predominantly with wool and alpaca yarns lately. It occurred to me that I do not have to throw away all those little scraps of yarn because they will felt. So, I started collecting a pile of loose yarn scraps to make into little felt balls. They can become beads, cat toys, buttons, or whatever you like.
Save up wool yarn scraps from past projects.
Wad-up the scraps of yarn, reserving a few longer strands. Wet the wad down in very warm water, squeezing out some of the water. Use the reserved longer strands of yarn to help firm up and gently bind the ball together.
Pour a little liquid dish soap on your palms and gently begin to rub and roll the ball around in your palms. Keep rinsing the ball under hot and cold water and adding soap as needed.
As the ball begins to shrink and get firmer, use a little more pressure as you roll it around in your palms.
When the ball seems solid, rinse it in cold water to remove any excess soap. Rinse again in a vinegar and water solution. Squeeze out any excess moisture and set aside to dry.
Make something with your felt balls such as jewelry, buttons, cat toys, or whatever you like. | <urn:uuid:e8550ebc-fa85-442f-b50b-7e7aecfb5616> | 2013-05-26T02:56:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Expanding the Evangelical Tent: Revisiting the Evangelical Manifesto
Now that the dust has settled from the May release of a 20-page so-called "Evangelical Manifesto," it appears the document has caused barely a ripple across the church or culture. Several theologians, writers, academicians and a marketing guru joined together in a three-year effort to redefine what it means to be an Evangelical. These men started from the questionable view that the term "evangelical" has become a negative, pejorative word and that deep "confusions and corruptions" keep the label from serving what they consider to be a useful purpose in today's world.
Believing that the meaning of "evangelical" has been "obscured and its importance lost," these scholars set out to refurbish the term and in the process delineate its meaning for a new generation of believers. Their enlightened understanding of "evangelical" is necessary, according to the drafters, to save them from being "embarrassed" and "ashamed" of the label. The authors emphasize that evangelicals living in a global era face the challenge of "living with our deepest differences" that are "ultimate and irreducible." They offer no explanation as to why they think today's differences pose more of a challenge than previous eras.
Ostensibly, the Evangelical Manifesto has two goals: (1) to provide clarity in doctrine and (2) to promote civility in the public square.
Clarity in Doctrine: Ironically, perhaps the major weakness of the Manifesto is that it lacks theological clarity - this in spite of the fact that its authors are considered to be in the highest ranks of Evangelical thinkers and who state at the outset that "Evangelicals form one of the great traditions" of the faith and who assert that the term should be defined "theologically, and not politically, socially, or culturally." Indeed, while the authors are scholars and theologians, I agree with Albert Mohler's careful assessment that the document is theologically weak. The Manifesto is especially concerned about anti-intellectualism which seems fair enough, coming from such heavy thinkers. That said, however, it is puzzling that these writers apparently thought it unnecessary to flesh out areas where such attitudes have diluted Evangelical theology.
Now the declaration (rightly) criticizes the "entertainment" and "entrepreneurial" aspects of some Evangelical congregations, and the authors (rightly) criticize the "vapid spirituality" and the "feel-good gospels" that promote "passing fashions" through "religious happy talk." Indeed, while these criticisms are valid (I have often written and spoken about the soft sentimentality that too often substitutes for real faith among believers), the Manifesto implies more than a little disdain for the activists in the public policy arena who apparently embarrass the supposedly more sophisticated thinkers who dwell in the ivory towers.
The Manifesto is elastic enough to let anyone ascribe his or her own meaning to its tenets. Evangelicals are "Christians who define themselves, their faith, and their lives according to the Good News of Jesus of Nazareth." While true, and while the authors affirm that Evangelical distinctions are drawn from "Biblical truths," this statement could be endorsed by many who do not identify as Evangelical. The document declares that Evangelicals "are those who have come to believe that Jesus of Nazareth is 'the way, the truth, and the life,'" but it stops short of declaring that "no man comes to the Father" any other way than this "narrow way" (which is THE defining tenet of Evangelical theology.) In fact, the authors declare unequivocally that the "Evangelical principle" is not "unique to us." Further, their seven "foundational" beliefs are counted only as basic truths "for us" and that no leader, creed or tradition is ultimately decisive "for us." For them, being Evangelical, according to the Manifesto, is "a way" of being "devoted to Jesus Christ."
The declaration rightly holds that those "who follow Him" have a "radically new view of human life and a decisively different way of thinking and acting." True enough, but how does an Evangelical work that out in real life? These academics do not address that issue, though those who work in public policy - who are roundly criticized in the Evangelical Manifesto - confront that challenge every day.
In the midst of the vague generalities, there are some strong, clear statements that challenge Evangelicals to deeper, truer faith. The Manifesto declares that our faith is an "enduring dedication to His lordship above all other earthly powers, allegiances and loyalties" and that "Evangelicals sometimes have to make strong judgments about what is false, unjust and evil." Most laudably, the document calls Evangelicals to "recognize the primacy of the authority of Scripture" and to "innovation, renewal, reformation, and entrepreneurial dynamism" in our "commitment to Jesus."
Larry Ross, the public relations/marketing guru, author, and moderator of the panel which introduced the document at the National Press Club, called the Manifesto a "Rorschach test." Perhaps calling it "a mirror" would be a more accurate description since the text is sufficiently general as to allow the reader to personally "see" in it a reflection of their own ideas as to significance and meaning, to idiosyncratically superimpose his or her own ideology. No wonder such a wide variety of signatories endorsed the declaration. Instead of clarity, the Evangelical Manifesto may produce even greater confusion about what it means to be Evangelical. Further, with its expansive inclusion of certain peripheral issues about which there is no clear consensus across the ranks of Evangelicalism (indeed, there are, for example, sharp divisions over what should be the proper interpretation of the Biblical command to "subdue the earth"), this document is no "Mere Christianity for Evangelicals."
Civility in the Public Square: The second half of the Evangelical Manifesto is devoted to Evangelical behavior, which the authors believe conflicts with our distinctive beliefs - especially in the public square. There is no question that we have earned some of the criticism; Barna polls confirm that Evangelicals in very important ways, in contrast to their beliefs, live and behave no differently than non-believers. The Manifesto declares: "All too often we have set out high, clear statements of the authority of the Bible, but flouted them with lives and lifestyles that are shaped more by our own sinful preferences and by modern fashions and convenience." Too often we "carry on our Christian lives in a manner that has little operational need for God." It is true that we have often "been seduced by the shaping power of the modern world, exchanging a costly grace for convenience, switching from genuine community to an embrace of individualism, softening theological authority down to personal preference, and giving up a clear grasp of truth and an exclusive allegiance to Jesus for a mess of mix-and-match attitudes that are syncretism by another name."
While these observations and the calls for renewal are needed, and while we agree that Evangelicals should not be "equated with any party, partisan ideology, economic system, class, tribe, or national identity," there are logical inconsistencies in the Manifesto when it calls for engaging in politics and standing for what is right at the same time that it decries political involvement. The authors set up a "straw man" argument by contrasting the "sacred" and "naked" public squares with the preferred "civil" public square where all can "enter and engage" within a "framework of what is agreed to be just and free for other faiths, too."
The Manifesto blames the "culture wars" for "creating a powerful backlash against all religion in public life." In fact, this statement is the only indication in the text that foreshadows the angry tone and hostile spirit of the authors that was on display at the National Press Club when the Evangelical Manifesto was released to the public. The moderate tone of the Manifesto text contrasts starkly with the drafters' harsh comments at the National Press Club.
At the panel introducing the Evangelical Manifesto, it became very clear that the document was released to counter the influence of the "religious right." The authors claimed that "political zealots" with their "strident voices" and "emotional responses" were harming Evangelicalism. All the panelists agreed that they were tired of having "to apologize for our faith." They accused the religious right of expressing "truth without love." Os Guinness professed to be "embarrassed" and "ashamed" - even "revolted" - "by some Evangelicals and by the image of Evangelicals today." John Huffman, distinguished Presbyterian minister and Chair of the Christianity Today board, told about his kids being repulsed by "right wing Christians" and asking him, "Are you one of those?" Richard Mouw, President of Fuller Seminary, called his fellow Evangelicals, "mean-spirited, homophobic, and narrow-minded." Ironically, in the midst of such accusatory rhetoric, the panelists called for "tolerance" and stated that they were willing to "work with atheists" and others in the public square. Something is woefully amiss here.
The authors, too, seemed to want a single personality style. Mouw called for a "gentle" and "reverent" Evangelicalism. He also repeatedly asked for a commitment to the "common good" - an end attainable only through persuasive efforts in the public square.
There was also an undercurrent of competition at the press conference. The authors seemed to be staking their claim to leadership of the Evangelical movement. Indeed, Bishop Harry Jackson, Jr. noted the Manifesto needed to call for Biblical unity, not just demand a "shot at the microphone." His concerns were borne out by comments at the press conference. David Neff, editor of Christianity Today, declared that the "politically visible, public folks aren't necessarily the leaders" of the Evangelical movement. Mouw agreed and added that he "refused to give over the Evangelical label to those ideological people." A reporter asked during the Q-and-A if the problem was "bad branding" of the term "Evangelical?" Os Guinness heatedly replied, "It is not bad branding; it is bad reality. Evangelicalism is badly off base at its heart."
Many of those who want to redefine Evangelicalism are leftist Democrats who want to convince Evangelicals - who have gravitated toward the Republican Party because of its avowed conservative platform (pro-life, pro-marriage and pro-family positions) - that it is okay to vote Democrat, hence the Manifesto's attempt to focus attention on other concerns beyond (or, rather than) conservative issues like abortion-on-demand and same-sex "marriage," in favor of issues like global warming and social justice. Indeed, the point is to convey the impression that the "religious right" doesn't care about the environment, poverty or justice. The end result is muddied waters, where Biblical beliefs and behavior are not nearly as important in determining your religious identification as embracing the appropriate hot-button causes.
Finally, in evaluating the Manifesto, it must be frankly stated that it is, first and foremost, a political document - as described so effectively by Frank Pastore, who defined politics as "theology applied." With fully 25 percent of the voting public self-identifying as Evangelical, a significant voting bloc is up for grabs in the upcoming 2008 elections; any document attempting to "expand the tent" for that voting bloc is, by its very nature, a political document.
1015 Fifteenth St. N.W., Suite 1100
Washington, D.C. 20005
Phone: (202) 488-7000
Fax: (202) 488-0806 | <urn:uuid:beb4b3d6-b5c2-4c8d-9173-946adf541077> | 2013-05-26T02:48:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A University of Colorado student who was arrested in Hawaii on suspicion of sexual assault in December had his bond set at $50,000 today after turning himself in at the Boulder County Jail.
Nicholas Philip Foti, 21, was booked on suspicion of sexual assault, first-degree burglary and sexual contact. He is due for a formal filing of charges Thursday.
According to police, a 19-year-old woman claims that, in September, Foti and another man came to her home during the early morning hours looking for one of her roommates. The victim told police that Foti and the other man entered the residence without her permission and when Foti realized she was alone, he sexually assaulted her.
The victim told police Foti and the other man called her obscenities during the attack, vandalized her kitchen and smashed a bicycle before leaving.
The victim reported the incident in December, and Foti was arrested shortly after while visiting family in Hawaii. Foti was not extradited and was allowed to return to Boulder on his own before turning himself in at the jail.
Foti and two friends were arrested on animal cruelty charges in Boulder in November 2011 after witnesses said they killed a raccoon using a machete and baseball bat. Foti, who told police he was the first one to strike the animal, pleaded guilty to misdemeanor animal cruelty in August and was sentenced to 12 months of probation. | <urn:uuid:fc8aadf2-56f9-4307-8155-50713feb47ba> | 2013-05-26T03:02:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Arsenal season still a success says director Fiszman
By Sportsmail Reporter Last updated at 10:39 PM on 26th May 2008
Fiszman: trophyless season was still a success
Arsenal director Danny Fiszman says the club's trophy-less season and third-placed league finish can be viewed as a success.
Fiszman, the club's second largest shareholder, said: "It has to be seen as a successful season even though we didn't win any trophies. If you had asked fans at the start if they would be happy to finish in the top four and within 15 points of Manchester United, they would have taken it.
"We can't win every year and hopefully it will be our turn next year."
Arsene Wenger says the signing of Marseille's highly-rated playmaker Samir Nasri is likely to be completed soon. He said: "It is likely to happen. And if so it will be before the European Championship." | <urn:uuid:0c54a3da-92d1-4ad2-b625-1685f39736e5> | 2013-05-26T02:42:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Higgins loves to suck the toothpaste off of his toothbrush. He does not love it when I actually brush his teeth. In an attempt to make it more fun, I made a dinosaur toothbrush holder. They're supposed to be simple toothbrush holder: you know, to hold the toothbrush after you brush your teeth. However, Higgins had different ideas.
- Plastic hollow dinosaur(s). I got mine at the dollar store for $1 each. Amazon also sells them (12 dinosaurs/$9).
- Craft knife
1. Trace out the size of the toothbrush. Make sure you add a little extra space for
easy in and outs.
out the bottom.
3. Make sure the holes are big enough to fit the toothbrush and make any needed
4. Plop the toothbrushes in and enjoy!
I used two dinosaurs so they could fit in the medicine cabinet. However, you could use a large dinosaur and make holes for multiple toothbrushes. If your kids aren't into dinosaurs, you could also use any other hollow plastic animals (cows, lions, horses, etc.). | <urn:uuid:398d1d8b-479f-4a25-9b4f-e7de17440239> | 2013-05-26T02:47:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Oliver's mom says: Two days after my husband and I were married, we got Oliver. He was from a rescue south of Buffalo, and the first puppy we saw. We fell in love with his big brown eyes immediately. He is very quite (we call him the "silent beagle") and very gentle. Oliver is a registered therapy dog--he volunteers every other week at a nursing home, where his favorite activity is to fall asleep on the residents' beds. As you can see, Oliver has the biggest lips of any beagle we have ever met. When ever he falls asleep on the couch we stuff a few kibbles in his lips as a "wake up" snack. Our life would be very quiet without our cute puppy! | <urn:uuid:01109e4a-a67d-438d-b495-bab332c26a3f> | 2013-05-26T02:37:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Tuesday, February 16th, 2010
Photo by Mark Pummell
Coldwater's Luke Grieshop, with ball, goes up for a shot with Van Wert's Jacob Bagley, left, defending on the play. Coldwater blew an 11-point lead while losing to Van Wert, 50-42.
Additional pictures for this date | <urn:uuid:99e02c16-6b27-4764-9d1f-944225e5b7ea> | 2013-05-26T02:34:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Famed internet-made billionaire and blogger Mark Cuban raised
quite a stir this week when he announced dramatically, "The
Internet’s dead. It’s over." The comments
made by Cuban at the CTAM summit will likely strike many as
familiar of Michael Bay's HD
DVD trashing rants.
Cuban became a billionaire when he
sold Broadcast.com, originally Audionet, to Yahoo for $5.7B.
Cuban built Broadcast.com into an online powerhouse after co-founding
it with earnings from the sale of his company MicroSolutions in the
80s, an early reseller of Lotus Notes. Broadcast.com at its
peak featured 420 radio stations and networks; 56 TV stations and
cable networks; and live game coverage of over 450 college and
He used his wealth to buy the
Dallas Mavericks and while a blogger himself, has recently taken a
rather scornful attitude to the internet, which made him wealthy.
He recently created a stir when he became the first team owner to ban
bloggers from an NBA locker room.
At the CTAM conference,
Cuban's new anti-internet sentiment became vitriolic. He
addressed the panel which consisted of cable systems providers stating, "The
Internet’s for old people."
Cuban claims the internet
has stagnated and that the only new
invention on the internet was YouTube. Cuban, however, went
to argue that YouTube is nothing more than a sham based on copyright
infringement and represents little real creativity. Cuban feels
that cable and satellite networks have overtaken the internet in
providing complex interactive services. Cuban says he once
thought the internet would be superior for providing such services,
but remarks, "I was wrong."
He points to the
openness of collections of cable networks versus networks built by
telephone companies like Verizon, which are stymied by problems
talking to each other. Cuban envisions cable services offering
users suites of office applications or other complex utilities,
something he says would allow them to leverage their superiority to
While Cuban believes strongly that
cable intranets are superior to internet, most experts think his
claims are very off base. They state that his proposed cable
systems applications sound remarkably similar to the cable television
network flop @Home, which attempted to market a higher-speed
"private" internet, that was separate from the normal
While Cuban is known for a flare for histrionics and
outbursts, his collected, deliberate speech about his animosity for
the internet is sure to stir up a great deal of controversy. | <urn:uuid:48d55ab3-819d-4489-826e-ea4b9cc2dddf> | 2013-05-26T02:55:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This luxurios single family house is part of a golf club community in the desert like northern region of Mexico and was designed by the Mexico City based architectural practice Productora. Partly built into the mountain slope the architects found a way to manage the big differneces between night and daytime.
“The House In Chihuahua is part of a golf club community in the desert like northern region of Mexico. The dwelling was designed to accommodate the special climatic circumstances of the area: in winter temperatures can fall to minus ten degrees Celsius, while in summertime temperatures can rise to above forty degrees Celsius. The differences between daytime and night time temperatures can vary by as much as twenty degrees. To balance the extreme temperature differences, we partially buried the house into the mountain slope to take advantage of the soil’s thermal mass. The colder soil around the house absorbs heat accumulated during the day, and at night the ground gives off heat to the building. The house is organized around a series of patios and roof openings that provide light, ventilation, and views to different areas of the house. The sloped roof acts as a new topography, which blurs the boundaries between the constructed area and the surrounding landscape.” | <urn:uuid:7e076e74-2258-4ac4-aeaa-50c8431df038> | 2013-05-26T02:50:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Calendar Reform and Eclipses: The Place of Edzná
HIGH NOON AMONG THE MAYA
Although both the 260-day sacred almanac and the 365-day secular calendar predated the Maya by well over a millennium, and the "principle" of using key calendar dates to define urban locations and the Long Count itself had likewise been developed by the Olmecs several centuries before the Maya emerged as a civilized society, it was the latter who seized upon these intellectual tools and honed them to the highest level of sophistication of any of the native peoples of Mesoamerica. Ironically, they did so in one of the most difficult environments in the entire region; yet, this same environment may ultimately have been responsible for their failure to survive as an advanced and vigorous culture until the arrival of the Europeans.
Having largely been displaced from their initial homeland in the Gulf coastal plain of Mexico by the migration of the Zoques in the thirteenth century B.C., most of the Mayan-speaking peoples ended up moving toward the east. (It will be remembered that only one group of Maya moved northward as a result of the Zoque advance, becoming in the process the Huastecs.) The area into which the Maya moved can be subdivided into three rather distinct geographic regions. The first of these was the Petén region of northern Guatemala and southern Yucatán: an area of relatively heavy precipitation mantled in dense tropical rain forest, developed on a deeply weathered base of flat-lying limestone, pocked with solution valleys -- many of which contain lakes of some size -- and laced by numerous rivers. The second region was the Yucatán Peninsula itself: an area of drier climate developed on a low and almost featureless limestone plateau with no surface drainage and supporting a vegetation cover of short, deciduous, tropical scrub forest. And the third region comprised the highlands of Guatemala: an area of subtropical to temperate mixed forest developed on a base of folded limestone ridges in the north that give way to lofty volcanic peaks in the south.
The climatic station of Flores is located in the heart of the region of Petén, now a part of northern Guatemala. It is representative of Tikal and the core area of the so-called "Old Empire" of the Maya. Although its water need (i.e., temperature) curve is somewhat more variable than those of Soconusco or the Olmec region, its precipitation curve demonstrates both a monsoonal peak during the warmest months of the year and a very marked hurricane peak in early autumn. Its warmth and moisture indices insure its classification as a tropical humid climate, which supports a native vegetation of heavy rain forest.
Mérida, the capital and largest city of Yucatán, is located in the northwestern quadrant of the peninsula, away from the trade winds which blow in constantly from the Caribbean Sea. Its water budget diagram is typical of the region which constituted the so-called "New Empire" of the Maya, represented by such sites as Uxmal, Mayapán, and Chichén Itzá. Its relatively uniform water need (i.e., temperature) curve is unfortunately not matched by its precipitation curve, so much of the year the area experiences a moisture deficit. Monsoonal rains in the high-sun period seasonally provide enough moisture for a corn harvest, and a small surplus is usually recorded with the passage of an autumn hurricane. While the station's warmth index indicates that it is clearly tropical, the fact that Mérida only receives about 60 percent of the moisture it actually needs means that the native vegetation of the northern Yucatán is scrub forest. (Data from Secretaría de Recursos Hidráulicos.)
As was pointed out earlier, the Maya seem to have founded their earliest major ceremonial center in what has to have been the most favored geographic setting in all of the Yucatán -- on the edge on the largest aguada or alluvial depression, in the entire peninsula. Located in what today is the interior of Campeche state, this vast soil-filled depression provided the agricultural support system for the incipient "city" we now know as Edzná. Dating to about 150 B.C., Edzná was a bustling urban node for more than 20,000 persons at the peak of its existence in the early centuries of the Christian era.
Figure 34. The climatic station of Quezaltenango is located in the western highlands of Guatemala, just over the Sierra Madre from Soconusco. Its low latitude and high elevation combine to produce a very even water need curve which in no month exceeds 75 mm (3 in.). Although the station enjoys a 12-month growing season (delimited by the straight line near the bottom of the graph),, an occasional frost can pose a risk to crops. Its extreme precipitation curve, with a low-sun deficit and a high-sun surplus, exemplifies a typical monsoonal climate. However, with a warmth index of less than 4.0, it qualifies as a warm-temperate humid climate which supports a native vegetation of mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest.
Although the layout of Edzná mimicked that of Teotihuacán, its contemporary on the Mexican plateau, by being oriented to the setting sun on the "day the world began," the Maya priests were no doubt quick to realize that August 13 was a date that had no real meaning to the peasant farmers of the Yucatán. The priests were certainly aware of the practice of using the zenithal passage of the sun to herald the beginning of a new year, but at Edzná the sun passed overhead at noon no less than 18 days earlier than the date that the Olmecs had established as "the beginning of time." Obviously, while the Maya couldn't change the facts of history, they could amend the calendar to accord more closely with the realities of their own physical setting.
Not only did the priests of Edzná appreciate the need for such a calendar reform, but their reckoning also told them that an auspicious time for such a change was drawing nigh. The Long Count was nearing the completion of baktun 7, and baktun 8 was soon about to begin. What more appropriate a time could they have contemplated for "turning over a new leaf"?
Yet, as baktun 8 neared and the zenithal sun passed overhead, it was as if the Maya's own auguries obliged them to postpone the calendar reform. Forty-five days before the dawn of baktun 8, they recorded the passage of the zenithal sun, which fell in that year (A.D. 41) on the Maya date 3 Men 3 Uayeb. It was the latter aspect of this date which must have given them pause, because the "month" of Uayeb was the five-day unlucky period at the end of the Maya year. During these five inauspicious days, the people were wont to keep as low a profile as possible, engaging in only a minimum of activities, as if hoping thereby to escape the wrath of the gods. Certainly, not until the zenithal sun had cleared Uayeb could the calendar reform be instituted safely and prudently. But because their calendar did not take into account the extra quarter day in the length of the solar year, this meant that a full 20 years were required to advance the calendar by five days. Since the coincidence of the zenithal sun with the "month" of Uayeb had begun in the equivalent of the year A.D. 28 -- i.e., 13 years earlier -- there were still 7 years to go before its passage would occur on 0 Pop, the first day of the secular year. Thus, the very first time that the zenithal sun passed overhead in the Maya area on 0 Pop occurred in the year A.D. 48 -- an event which would have been recorded in the Long Count as 188.8.131.52.12 12 Eb 0 Pop.
In order to calibrate the zenithal sun passage, the Maya priests had erected at the base of the Cinco Pisos pyramid in Edzná an absolutely ingenious gnomon. (Remember that a gnomon can be any upright pillar or post; its function is to not cast a shadow on the days the sun is directly overhead.) The Edzná gnomon was a tapered shaft of stone about half a meter (20 in.) in height surmounted by a disk of stone which had the same diameter as the base of the shaft (see Figure 29). Thus, on the days that the sun stood directly overhead, the disk at the top of the shaft would envelop the entire shaft in its own shadow, whereas on any other day a stripe of sunlight would fall across the shaft. Hence, there was no question as to what day would begin the new year.
There were also a couple of other things which the Maya priests may have realized at the invocation of their reformed calendar of which they may have been unaware earlier. They were well aware, of course, that every time one of their "Vague Years" of 365 days was completed, the date in the 260-day sacred almanac had advanced by another 105 days. But, because the least common divisor between the two counts was 5 and there were 20 day-names in the sacred almanac, there would only be 4 day-names that would repeatedly coincide with the beginning of the 365-day year. Thus, because their calendar reform was initiated on a day called 12 Eb in the sacred almanac, in the following year the Maya new year fell on 13 Caban (105 days later in the sacred almanac). However, in the year after that -- because the sacred almanac used only 13 numerals -- the new year fell on 1 Ik (another advance of 105 days). And in the fourth year, the Maya new year's day was celebrated on 2 Manik (105 days farther along in the almanac). By the beginning of the fifth year, the cycle of 20 day-names started over, so that the following four years began on 3 Eb, 4 Caban, 5 Ik, and 6 Manik, respectively -- each year being identified with the next higher numeral but always with one of the same 4 day-names.
From this realization, the Maya developed the notion that these four days of the sacred almanac -- Eb, Caban, Ik, and Manik -- were "the bearers of the years"; that is, they "carried" the year along until it was passed on to the next "bearer," much as athletes run a relay race. This idea of "year bearers" gives us an insight into how the Maya envisioned time; each day was a "burden" to be carried by the deity who presided over it until his leg of the relay was complete, at which time he transferred it to the next deity, and so it went.
Reassuring as the notion of regular "year bearers" must have been to the Maya, they were still troubled by the fact that the beginning of their new year soon failed to coincide with the zenithal passage of the vertical sun. Naturally, this was because their "Vague Year" was 365 days long, rather than 365 days plus a fraction, so that in four years their secular calendar slipped a full day. Thus, when the zenithal sun passed over Edzná for the fifth time, it did so on 1 Pop rather than 0 Pop; by the ninth time, new year's day fell on 2 Pop; by the thirteenth time, its passage took place on 3 Pop, and so forth. Ironically, by measuring the passage of the zenithal sun over Edzná so precisely, the Maya priests came to realize as never before how imprecise their time-count really was. (In this same connection, it is interesting to note that Bishop Landa records that the Maya had, by the sixteenth century, shifted over to using the days Kan, Muluc, Ix, and Cauac as their year bearers.)
On the other hand, the decision by the priests of Edzná to make the beginning of their year accord with the zenithal passage of the sun over their city -- an event which occurs on July 26 in our own calendar -- left a lasting mark on Maya timekeeping. As it turned out, the parallel of 19º.5 N latitude on which Edzná is located neatly bisects the Yucatán Peninsula, which means that throughout the Maya heartland the zenithal passage of the sun was an event that had meaning and relevance to everyone. It appears, therefore, that Edzná, through the combined "accidents" of geography and history came to serve as the "Greenwich of the Maya," for nowhere else within the region they occupied could the July 26 zenithal passage be calibrated except there. In other words, no other ceremonial center within the Maya area is situated at precisely this latitude, so only at Edzná could the new year's date be pinpointed. In fact, writing about Edzná, Thompson observes that its priests seem to have exercised something akin to a "veto power" in calendrical matters, for he mentions a possible one-day correction to the calendar having been made there in the year 671, after which all the other Maya ceremonial centers appear to have fallen into line (Thompson, 1950).
One of the early Spanish prelates of the Yucatán, Bishop Landa, reported that the Maya marked the beginning of their new year with the zenithal passage of the sun on the equivalent of July 26 in our calendar. Such an event takes place along the parallel of 19º.5 N, a line which neatly bisects the peninsula but intersects only one major site in doing so -- Edzná. Because the first day of the Maya new year, 0 Pop, initially coincided with July 26 around the year A.D. 48, this would appear to mark the beginning of their "reformed" calendar.
Some researchers have assumed that each Maya ceremonial center had its own calendar, but the observation by Thompson cited above suggests otherwise. So, too, does the historical record, because Bishop Diego de Landa, the third Spanish prelate of the Yucatán, specifically records that the Maya began their new year with the passage of the zenithal sun, and that the day this occurred was the equivalent of July 26 in the Gregorian calendar. It is of further interest to note that in the interval between the time the Maya priests undertook the calendar reform in the year A.D. 48 and the time that Landa wrote, one entire Sothic cycle of 1460 years had passed, and astronomical events which were in phase in the year 48 were again in phase in the year 1508. (The word Sothic comes from the Egyptian name for the star Sirius. Because the ancient Egyptian calendar also had 365 days, rather than 365.25 days, the rising of Sirius, which marked the Egyptian new year, was likewise found to get out of phase with the movements of the sun. However, by careful measurement the Egyptians found that after 1460 full solar years had passed -- the equivalent of 1461 of their "imperfect" years -- the sun and the stars would once more be back in harmony with each other.) Thus, the zenithal sun passage once again coincided with the day 0 Pop in the Maya secular calendar in that year and during the three following years.
All attempts to understand Maya civilization have been made immensely more difficult because Bishop Landa, in his religious zeal, managed to consign all but a handful of the Maya's books and records to his bonfires. The rather straightforward description of the astronomical importance of Edzná which I have sketched out above was by no means as direct and uncomplicated as it might sound. But it did begin with the two clues which Landa bequeathed to us -- namely, that the Maya new year coincided with the passage of the zenithal sun and that this event occurred on the equivalent of July 26 in our present calendar.
Working from these clues, I reasoned that, if Landa's information was correct, I should be able to zero in on the geographic location where the Maya had devised their version of the calendar. A solar ephemeris revealed that on July 26 the noonday sun passes overhead at 19º.5 N latitude, so armed with this knowledge, I next turned to a detailed map of archaeological sites in the Yucatán (National Geographic's "Archaeological Map of Middle America," published in 1968). The latter showed only one ceremonial center of any significance at this latitude, its name being rendered as "Etzná"; to one side, there was a vignette describing it as a "Late Classic site [having a] temple atop a pyramid faced with four stories of rooms." A subsequent search of the literature turned up only a couple of references to Edzná, including the one attributed to Thompson which I cited above. Therefore, all I really knew about the place was that its construction had been dated to the period A.D. 600-900 and that it seemed to have had some "clout" when it came to resolving calendrical issues.
In the winter of 1976 as I was devising my computer program to run the "Maya" calendars back to the dates on which they had been initiated, I put in a "flag" to have the program alert me as to when the Maya day 0 Pop coincided with our day July 26. Employing Goodman's correlation as my starting point -- namely, that the Long Count date of 184.108.40.206.0 13 Ahau 8 Xul = November 4, 1539, 1 set the program in motion and only seconds later I was informed that the coincidence I was looking for had occurred most recently during the years 1508-1511. Thereafter, the computer churned away until an entire Sothic cycle had passed and we were back in the period A.D. 48-51.
In view of the antiquity of this date as opposed to the relative "lateness" of Edzná's supposed founding, in my 1978 article reporting the findings of my computer study I decided to make no mention of the "Maya calendar reform" which I had hypothesized had taken place there. (The deductions which had led me to Izapa had embroiled me in enough conflict with the archaeologists, I felt.) Ironically, as my article was going to press in the winter of 1978, 1 chanced to meet Prof. Matheny, who had recently excavated Edzná, in the field. When I cautiously mentioned to him how my deductions had suggested a calendar reform having taken place there "about 600 years before the place was founded," he laughed and replied, "Well, Cinco Pisos may have been a Late Classic construction but our radiocarbon data show us that Edzná itself was a thriving concern already about 150 B.C." Encouraged by both my computer findings and Prof Matheny, I then went on to Edzná to make the further discoveries reported in these pages.
MAKING SENSE OF THE MOON
Pinning down the movement of the sun, irregular as it was with respect to the Long Count, was like child's play for the Maya compared to their struggle to understand the movements of the moon. Once again their failure to recognize the concept of fractions obliged them to undertake lengthy counts of cycles in the hope of eventually finding two periods which coincided in nice, whole integers. A case in point is the length of a lunation, the period of time between two successive new moons. The Maya obviously realized that it was not 29 days, but it also was not 30 days. Attempting to describe a time period which was actually 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 2.8 seconds in length was for them a philosophical impossibility. Yet, after they had counted 149 "moons" in a row they realized that exactly 12 tuns and 4 uinals had elapsed, or a total of 4400 days; they were then confident that the cycle would begin over again, with the moon occupying the same position it had had relative to the sun when the cycle began. That they could do so with reasonable assurance is demonstrated by the fact that 4400 days divided by 149 lunations yields an average of 29.5302 days per lunation -- a value less than 0.0004 at variance with that used by modern astronomers!
More difficult yet, however, was trying to find some regular pattern in the moon's seemingly erratic bouncing around the sky. Unlike the sun, which moves progressively farther north or south each day until it finally reaches its "stopping place" and then turns around, the moon rises and sets at such different times of the day or night in such widely differing places along the horizon that it might seem "illogical," "crazy," or "drunken" in its behavior. Indeed, if it were not for the fact that on occasion the moon suddenly became dark, or, even worse, that the sun itself was sometimes "devoured" by darkness without warning, perhaps there would have been no real reason to try to make sense out of the moon's motions. Initially, the priests may have shared the layman's terror of the disappearing sun or moon, but not too many eclipses would have occurred before they may have suspected some functional relationship between the orderly path of the sun and the seemingly disorderly path of the moon. Yet, not until the "crazy" ricocheting of the latter could be understood would they be able to predict the occurrence of eclipses, and only after they had mastered that skill would they be in a position to exercise the full power of that knowledge over their untutored subjects.
Stela C from Tres Zapotes now reposes in the National Museum of Anthropology and History in Mexico City. The missing baktun value of its Long Count inscription was found in 1969, confirming the carving's 32 B.C. date. The lower edge of the stela is ruptured through the middle of the glyphs that give the number and name of the day in the sacred calendar.
The preoccupation of the early Mesoamericans with this matter of eclipses can probably be detected in one of the oldest Long Count inscriptions yet discovered, namely, Stela C from Tres Zapotes found by Matthew Stirling in 1939. Although the controversy over whether its missing baktun value was a "7" or an "8" was conclusively settled with the discovery of the detached fragment in 1969, no real attempt has been made to ascertain what its date actually recorded. Its inscription reads "220.127.116.11.18" in the Long Count, which may be transcribed into the Julian date of September 5, -31, or 32 B.C., if we use the Goodman-Martínez-Thompson correlation value of 584,285. (Of course, if we were to employ Thompson's "revised" value of 584,283 from 1935, the date would equate to September 3 instead.)
In an earlier paper (Malmström, 1992a), I advanced the notion that, although Stela C was only discovered in 1939, the meaning of its inscription may well be found in a monumental work of European science first published in 1877. Known as Canon der Finsternisse, or "Table of Eclipses," the volume is the work of Theodor von Oppolzer, an Austrian count, and a team of his assistants, and constitutes a catalog of over 8000 solar and 5200 lunar eclipses ranging in date from 1208 B.C. to A.D. 2161. Although his 376 pages of calculations and 160 maps charting the central paths of the solar eclipses were all carried out by hand, their accuracy has only recently been reconfirmed by modern researchers using computers (Meeus and Mucke, 1979).
Listed as event no. 2803 in Oppolzer's list of solar eclipses is one whose path of centrality passed right over the Olmec ceremonial center of Tres Zapotes at dawn on the morning of August 31, 32 B.C. A more frightening celestial event can scarcely be imagined, for the sun rose out of the Gulf of Mexico totally black except for a ring of light around its outer edges. Oppolzer described it as an annular, or ringlike, eclipse, and subsequent calculations at the U.S. Naval Observatory have revealed that the disk of the sun was 93 percent obscured (personal communication). Surely, a "day without a sunrise" is not likely to have gone unrecorded by the Olmecs!
But, if this eclipse really is the same event as that described by Oppolzer, why does its date not coincide with that which he records? A number of possible explanations suggest themselves: (1) perhaps the Olmecs waited either three or five days to record it, depending on which correlation value of Thompson's one uses; (2) perhaps the stone carver who engraved the stela made an error of either three or five days in inscribing the date; or (3) perhaps the Goodman-Martínez-Thompson correlation value is incorrect by three to five days. Of course, there is also a fourth possibility -- namely, that it had nothing whatsoever to do with the eclipse recorded by Oppolzer, and that it was merely a strikingly close coincidence of both geography and history.
The first hypothesis has no merit whatsoever, for if the Olmecs consciously chose to put off recording the date, they would certainly have no means for measuring eclipse cycles with any precision. Any basis they might have had for maintaining accurate records would thus largely have been vitiated.
The second hypothesis is credible; after all, "to err is human." If this is the case, the inscription on Stela C is more likely the result of an illiterate stone carver's mistake, however, than of a priest's miscalculation. But, if so, which is the "easier" mistake to make: to carve an extra three dots in the final, or kin, position -- equivalent to a three-day error -- or to carve an extra bar in the kin position -- equivalent to a five-day error? Clearly, the mistaken addition of one symbol -- the bar -- would have been more likely than the mistaken addition of three symbols, so the discrepancy between Oppolzer and the Olmecs would appear to have been a matter of five days rather than three.
The third hypothesis -- that the GMT itself may be off by three to five days -- is hardly likely, but the merits of the second hypothesis are now reflected in the accuracy of the original Thompson correlation value of 584,285. If that value is used, then the five-day discrepancy between Oppolzer and the Olmecs is substantiated; if, on the other hand, we use Thompson's "revised" value of 584,283, then the lack of a correspondence between the two dates can no longer be explained as an error, and we would probably have to abandon any thought that the Olmecs were recording the eclipse after all. That, in turn, would mean discarding both the close historical "coincidence" between the two dates and the geographic "coincidence" of the passing of the eclipse's central path directly over Tres Zapotes. In effect, therefore, the inscription of Stela C, erroneous though it seems to be, appears to confirm the accuracy of the original Thompson correlation value between the Olmec calendar and our own.
In all fairness, however, it should be noted that there is one further complication in this interpretation of Stela C's date. The bottom edge of the inscription is broken just at the point where the number and name of the day in the sacred almanac is recorded. If the Long Count inscription itself is accurate, the day-number and -name should be 6 Eznab, and this is the way the fragmentary glyph at the bottom of the inscription is translated by most scholars. If the numeral is indeed rendered by a dot and a bar, then there is no question of its being a "6," but in keeping with my hypothesis that a second bar had been mistakenly added to the inscription. Obviously, my argument is not destroyed by such a reading but it is substantially weakened, for to be consistent with my hypothesis, the day -number should have been a " 1 " instead.
Of course, if the inscription is accurate as it stands, it would then reopen the whole issue of what it was that the Olmecs were actually recording on that intriguing occasion. If the blackened sun at dawn was not noteworthy enough to take cognizance of, what other event could have been so much more spectacular or important to them that they took notice of it instead? Was it the occultation of Mars by the sun that coincided very closely with the eclipse? Or might it have been the occultation of the bright star Regulus (magnitude 1.35) by the planet Venus that occurred during the following couple of nights? Neither of these seem very likely, for surely both of these astronomical events literally pale into insignificance when compared to a total solar eclipse. Thus, we are left with the very real possibility that nothing of note astronomically had prompted the carving of the inscription of Stela C but that something even more earthshaking had taken place in and around Tres Zapotes shortly after the ominous eclipse had occurred. Thanks to its location in the foothills of a volcanic region like the Tuxtlas, the most obvious possibilities become either a monstrous earthquake or a devastating eruption.
The point of this digression has been simply to illustrate that, about the time that Edzná was coming into being, the Mesoamericans appear to have begun recording eclipse data on their stelae, possibly in the hope that through accurate timekeeping they would eventually solve the puzzle of when these fearsome events would recur. In the intellectual community of the Maya, therefore, this problem must have been near the top of the agenda as Edzná was being founded.
In the flat and featureless landscape of Yucatán, it had been a rather simple matter to lay out a new city oriented to the sunset on "the day the world began" because the "summer solstice + 52 days" formula had already been developed. Nonetheless, in a region where the local topography presented no opportunities for calibration against a natural landmark, the "gun-sight" alignment from the courtyard of Cinco Pisos through the notch in the artificial horizon to the top of the small pyramid constituted an ingenious solution to the problem of the city's orientation. In the same way, the erection of the tapered shaft surmounted by the stone disk had been an ingenious solution to calibrating the passage of the zenithal sun. The problem now at hand required some means of marking the moon's rising and setting position along the circumference of the monotonously uniform horizon that stretched out from Edzná in all directions.
View of the western horizon as seen from the top of Cinco Pisos at Edzná. The elongated mound across the plaza served as an artificial horizon for a priest standing in the doorway of the courtyard, allowing him to sight through the notch in the middle of the mound to the summit of the pyramid immediately behind it to calibrate the sunset on August 13 -- an azimuth of 285º.5. The pyramid which intersects the true horizon farther to the right, or northwest, is "La Vieja," whose azimuth marks the northernmost stillstand of the moon (i.e., 300º).
No doubt the first task was to provide the priests with a vantage point which allowed them a complete and unencumbered view of the entire 360º circuit of the horizon -- hence the need to erect what was perhaps the highest pyramid yet constructed in Mesoamerica. When completed, the aptly named Cinco Pisos ("Five Stories") towered more than 40 m (130 ft) above the rocky platform on which it was sited, becoming in the process a true landmark visible from 40-50 km (20-30 mi) away. Although Cinco Pisos is a Late Classic structure (i.e., built between A.D. 600 and 900), its situation at a focal point for the ceremonial center's canal system (which dates to the Late Preclassic period -- 300 B.C. to A.D. 300) makes it seem likely that an earlier structure previously occupied this critical position. In fact, Matheny suggests that "perhaps the remains of the Late Preclassic structure still exist within Cinco Pisos" (1983, 81). In any case, from the top of this key structure one could look out in any direction in a clear sight-line to the far horizon.
The real problem was to keep track of the places along the horizon where the moon either rose or set. That Cinco Pisos faced slightly to the northwest to begin with -- having been oriented along with the rest of Edzná to an azimuth of 285º.5 -- meant that the moon's setting position was the one the priests chose to calibrate. But with a horizon so distant and so featureless, one is tempted to conclude that most of the initial record keeping may have been done by marking lines in the appropriate directions on the top platform of Cinco Pisos itself. Only after the observations had narrowed in on a distinct enough point to erect some structure against the horizon at the required azimuth would that have been done.
Conceptually, the Maya already had the model of the sun's behavior on which to predicate their observations. Its northernmost stopping point marked the summer solstice, which in turn established the beginning date for the 52-day count which fixed "the day the world began" -- i.e., August 13. If they could locate a similar position for the moon -- its northernmost setting point -- perhaps that would allow them to begin the count which would eventually reveal the secrets of the eclipse cycle.
Deciding what the northernmost setting point of the moon really was must have been a tedious and frequently altered judgment in itself. Each time the moon reached what appeared to be an even more extreme setting position, the count for the eclipse cycle would have to be started again. One can well imagine that sometimes years of patient counting and record keeping might have gone on before the moon unexpectedly pushed its setting position even farther north along the horizon and literally wiped out the whole exhaustive tally in one fell swoop.
When this process actually began and how long it took to yield any kind of meaningful results has to be pure conjecture. It is probably safe to say that the idea for launching the count may already have been formulated shortly after Edzná was founded, and may well have been under way when the calendar reform fixing the new new year's day was adopted. What we do know for certain is that the first time that mention is made of the phase of the moon corresponding to a given Long Count date is in an inscription dating from A.D . 357 (Coe, 1980, 159). This does not mean, of course, that the problem had been solved by then, but only that from that time forward this seemingly important fact was now to be regularly recorded along with the date itself. Indeed, this may be evidence that the lunar cycle had not yet been worked out, and that the priests felt the additional bit of information regarding the phase of the moon might actually be useful in finally establishing the cycle -- once they could examine the records in retrospect.
This is not to say that the eclipse cycle could not have been worked out within the first half century that the quest was initiated. What the Maya were ultimately to learn was that the cycle required a full 6797 days, or 18.61 years, to complete, so if they had actually recognized the moon's northernmost stillstand on one occasion, they would have had to count that long to find the moon once more back at the same setting position. Of course, to confirm the accuracy of their count would require the completion of at least one more full cycle, so by this time more than 37 years would have elapsed. Thus, to postulate even the minimum time span necessary for such an achievement makes one appreciate the care and continuity which the Maya priests exercised in keeping a constant, running tally over the equivalent of more than an entire generation.
Although less than a half dozen of the original Maya manuscripts appear to have escaped the flames of the fanatic Spaniards, one of those that did survive is the so-called Dresden Codex, which has subsequently been recognized as an elaborate eclipse warning table. Thompson, among other scholars, assigns a twelfth-century origin to it, but concedes that its three base dates go back to the middle of the eighth century. (My suggestion that the Stela C inscription may have involved a five-day error owing to a stone carver's failure to understand the date he was carving finds an ironic parallel in the Dresden Codex. Thompson's study of the manuscript revealed that no fewer than 92 errors of transcription have been made in recording its dates [1972, 115-116], but no one, least of all Thompson, has ever suggested discounting the validity of the tables on that account.)
The three base dates of the Dresden Codex occur in the latter part of the year 755 and define two 15-day intervals. For this reason, Maud Makemson suggested, in 1943, that they most likely represent two solar eclipses bracketing a lunar eclipse (Makemson, 1943). While not disputing such an interpretation, Floyd Lounsbury, writing in 1978, argues that if this is correct, then these dates must have been arrived at by calculation rather than through observation, because no such celestial events took place in Yucatán in that year (Lounsbury, 1978, 816).
The three dates in question would equate to November 8, November 23, and December 8, 755, if the original correlation value of Thompson (namely, 584,285) is employed. (Naturally, if his "revised" version is used, it would put each of these dates two days earlier.) When the first of these dates was checked against a planetarium programmed to duplicate celestial events as seen from Edzná on that day, it was found that the sun and moon did in fact rise just eight minutes apart on that morning over the Yucatán, with an angular separation of less than 2º.5. In other words, there had been a "near miss" to a solar eclipse visible in the Maya area on that date.
For the second date, we once again employ the calculations of Oppolzer (1887). Fifteen days after the near solar eclipse over the Yucatán -- i.e., on November 23 -- he records a total lunar eclipse as having taken place, but ironically, his data demonstrate that it was visible only in the half of the world centered on the Indian subcontinent. On the third date, again using Oppolzer as our source, we find that a partial solar eclipse did indeed take place on December 8, 755, but its central path lay over the ocean between South Africa and Antarctica, where probably not a single human being witnessed it.
From this data we can draw two very important conclusions. First, by the year 755 the Maya had apparently worked out the motions of the moon with such precision that they knew when an eclipse should occur, but they still could not be sure if it actually would occur, in the sense of being visible to them. Second, the original Thompson correlation value of 584,285 is clearly the correct one, for an acknowledged eclipse warning table such as the Dresden Codex could certainly not have been based upon a foundation two days out of phase with the realities of the celestial sphere.
In this map view of Edzná, we see the features shown photographically in Figure 37. The astronomical importance of Edzná may be gauged from these facts: (1) only at its specific latitude could the beginning of the Maya new year be calibrated, here with the assistance of a remarkable gnomon; (2) the "day the world began" was commemorated in the "gun-sight" orientation between the doorway of Cinco Pisos and the small pyramid across the plaza; and (3) lunar cycles were measured by using the line of sight between Cinco Pisos and "La Vieja" on the northwestern horizon.
Although we cannot be certain when the Maya finally succeeded in working out the lunar eclipse cycle, it would seem that most of the basic "research" on the problem was carried out at Edzná. Located some 300 m (1000 ft) to the northwest of Cinco Pisos is the ruin of a lofty pyramid which Matheny has termed "La Vieja," or the "Old One." The "La Vieja" complex appears to date to the Late Classic period as well, but has not experienced the "urban renewal" from which Cinco Pisos subsequently benefited (Matheny, 1983, 109). Even in its dilapidated condition it is still high enough to intersect the horizon as seen from the top of Cinco Pisos; indeed, it is the only manmade construction which does so. This fact immediately prompted me to measure its azimuth as seen from Edzná's commanding edifice, and the value I obtained was 300º. This means that the summit of the pyramid lies exactly 5º beyond the sun's northernmost setting position at the summer solstice. Because the moon's orbit is just a hair over 5º off that of the sun, it seems very likely that the Northwest Pyramid, or "La Vieja," had been erected as a horizon marker to commemorate the moon's northernmost stillstand. Not only is "La Vieja" an eloquent testimonial to the patience and accuracy of Maya "science," but because of its specialized function, it is also probably worthy of being designated as the oldest lunar observatory in the New World. (Indeed, if Matheny's dating of "La Vieja" is accurate, then it is apparent that the Maya had succeeded in measuring the interval between lunar stillstand maxima at least by A.D. 300.) | <urn:uuid:a011f30d-dddb-4e94-bd4f-5c1398818a3b> | 2013-05-26T03:03:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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View Full Version : GTD and Velocity
04-13-2005, 03:47 AM
Any thoughts on how GTD can assist in speedier turnaround of tasks, client enquiries, etc? I know it DOES facilitate speedy work, but I am curious to see how anyone logically links the two concepts - GTD and Velocity - together.
04-13-2005, 04:59 AM
A well-organized system (GTD or otherwise) reduces the overhead for any task. You know what you need to do, when you need to do it, and what materials you need, so instead of worrying about that stuff you can concentrate on actually doing the task. | <urn:uuid:1abaef35-cb96-4d7e-89b1-0a9ba7087e09> | 2013-05-26T02:38:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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hi, I'm trying to clone the apps and I'm running into problem when I do postclone in adclone.pl
Updating the Intermedia shared library path...
The System cannot find the batch level specified...no batch file.
then it automatically starts all the processes to startup the apps.
I used this script:
perl adclone.pl -mode=postclone -env_name= | <urn:uuid:89165412-018d-4e54-9410-9a4503d7fd61> | 2013-05-26T03:04:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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10 Tips on How to Volunteer Your Business Skills to a Nonprofit
Nonprofit organizations are highly driven in realizing their social missions, but often may do not have the resources to address their strategic, operational and financial challenges. Skills-based volunteerism matches business skills and experience with nonprofit needs, in order to increase their impact on the community. Following are 10 tips to help you volunteer your skills to a nonprofit in need.
- Check out your employer’s policies and make sure that what you want to do is in keeping with them. If they don’t have a skills-based volunteer program, you could be just the person to get things started! Make sure you have buy-in from your management and take a look at Key Considerations for Launching a Skills-Based Volunteer Program for guidance on getting started.
- Take an inventory of your current and past job functions and make a list of the broad areas in which you have professional experience. For example, do you work in marketing, public relations, law, human resources, accounting, finance, technology, strategic planning? Are you a good writer? Do you negotiate well? Are you a strong project manager?
- Make a short list of the nonprofit organizations for which you would like to volunteer your time and talent, and think about what their business needs might be. Remember that they have employees, vendors and potentially customers – just like a for-profit organization.
- Jot down how you could apply your specific abilities to the business needs of the nonprofits on your list. For example, if you work with computers, perhaps you could help an organization that needs a database developed. If you work in finance, you might help the nonprofit’s management perform a cash flow analysis. If you work in graphic design, you could design an event invitation. If you work in human resources, you could offer insights to the nonprofit’s staff on HR processes and procedures. The opportunities are endless!
- Contact the volunteer manager or other appropriate person at the nonprofit to express your interest in contributing business skills and to initiate a conversation about their specific business and organizational needs. Be aware that not all nonprofits are accustomed to using volunteers in this way so it might take a little time and creativity to find the right opportunity. Work together to map your skills more specifically to the organization’s business needs.
- Now that you have more details about the nonprofit’s business needs, go back to the page you started in Step 4 and identify a specific project that you have both the talent and time to complete.
- Outline the plan, even if it’s just a brief note, and send it to the nonprofit. This step should include when you plan to begin, when you expect to finish and what you hope to accomplish. If any out-of-pocket funds will be required for expenses, include a note about the costs and identify whose responsibility it will be to cover them.
- Set aside the time in your schedule to complete your project. If it will be completed over the course of several days or weeks, it can be helpful to schedule time for it on your calendar just as you would for other business appointments.
- At the conclusion of your project, report your accomplishments to the nonprofit. If you can, make sure to let the organization know what the “fair market value” of your support is so that it can be taken into proper account and so that you get the credit you deserve.
- Take a moment to bask in your feeling of accomplishment, but before you get too comfortable, go back to Step 7 and select another project. Your favorite nonprofit needs you and your business skills!
Deloitte refers to one or more of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, a UK private company limited by guarantee, and its network of member firms, each of which is a legally separate and independent entity. Please see www.deloitte.com/about for a detailed description of the legal structure of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited and its member firms. Please see www.deloitte.com/us/about for a detailed description of the legal structure of Deloitte LLP and its subsidiaries.
This publication contains general information only and Deloitte is not, by means of this publication, rendering accounting, business, financial, investment, legal, tax, or other professional advice or services. This publication is not a substitute for such professional advice or services, nor should it be used as a basis for any decision or action that may affect your business. Before making any decision or taking any action that may affect your business, you should consult a qualified professional advisor. Deloitte shall not be responsible for any loss sustained by any person who relies on this publication. | <urn:uuid:266b59d0-1946-4c4e-a686-e3a5fa4a1889> | 2013-05-26T02:56:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Delivering the benefits of C++ encapsulation to your embedded design
By Colin Walls, Accelerated Technology, a division of Mentor Graphics
Dec 22 2005 (13:35 PM), Embedded.com
C++ can deliver real benefits specifically for the implementation of embedded software, particularly when the concept of encapsulation of expertise is used. By employing this technique to take advantage of the number of specialties an embedded software team has, many programming problems, both serious and trivial, can be resolved.
Given some understanding of potential C++ overheads and the benefits of the encapsulation of expertise, trade-offs may be made in order to achieve design goals efficiently. To illustrate its effectiveness lets look at a number of case studies, including:1
. How the nvramchar
class could completely insulate the applications programmer from knowledge of the internal workings of non-volatile RAM.2.
How the technique can be used to conceal the workings of a write-only port, making its use straightforward and intuitive.3
.How to encapsulation can be used with a real-time operating system hidden from the applications programmer, making possible future changes in the RTOS, but with no impact on the applications code.
Click here to read more ... | <urn:uuid:8bbb2d3f-832b-45a9-a60b-c8c5bbfeb14e> | 2013-05-26T02:43:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This post attempts to demonstrate that there is "desire" for many "things".
I will try to argue, in due course, that this "desire" is more fundamental
than craving, since it is the "root" or origin of many of the things which
craving is said to arise in dependence on.
These twenty-four things comprise what I will call Group A.
Eye, forms, eye-consciousness, eye-contact.
Ear, sounds, ear-consciousness, ear-contact.
Nose, odours, nose-consciousness, nose-contact.
Tongue, flavours, tongue-consciousness, tongue-contact.
Body, tangibles, body-consciousness, body-contact.
Mind, mind-objects, mind-consciousness, mind-contact.
In various discourses this group is extended in one of three ways:
a) The six (or eighteen) kinds of feeling are added after contact.
b) Feeling, perception, volition and craving are added.
c) Everything that arises due to contact is included.
In MN 147.9 we find: "Seeing thus, Rahula, a well-taught noble disciple becomes
disenchanted with the eye, disenchanted with forms, ..."
[ And so forth, for all the items in Group A, together with a type (c) extension.]
" ... and disenchanted with anything comprised within the feeling, perception,
formations, and consciousness that arise with eye-contact as condition."
The Pali word translated as "disenchanted" is - nibbindati: gets wearied of; is
disgusted with. [B. Bodhi, MLDB page 1127.]
So the 'ordinary man' is 'enchanted' with these things, and desires them.
The phrase "seeing thus" refers to seeing "the eye" as impermanent, suffering
and non-self. Seeing "the eye" in this way results in disenchantment. The ordinary
man sees "the eye" as permanent, a source of pleasure, and related to self. This
is why he is enchanted with "the eye", and has desire and lust for it.
"Bhikkhus, when one does not know and see the eye as it actually is ..."
" ... then one is inflamed by lust for the eye, for forms, ..."
"Bhikkhus, when one knows and sees the eye as it actually is ..."
" ...then one is not inflamed by lust for the eye, for forms, ..."
[ And so forth, for all the items in Group A, plus feelings.]
[ MN 149.3 to 149.9 - B. Bodhi, MLDB page 1137-8.]
The Pali word translated as "inflamed by lust" here is:
sārajjati: to be attached to, to be pleased with, (saṃ + raj + ya.
We have already noted SN 27.1 to 27.4 which say that:
" ... desire and lust for the eye is a corruption of the mind."
[ And so forth, for all the items in Group A.]
SN 27.5 to 27.8 speak of "desire and lust" for feeling, perception, volition,
and craving. A bhikkhu must abandon this mental corruption. [Bodhi, 2000, p.1012]
The Pali term translated as "desire and lust" here is - chandarāgo.
In SN 35.28 the items of Group A, plus the eighteen types of feeling are called
"the all", and are said to be "burning":
"Burning with the fire of lust, with the fire of hatred, with the fire of
"Seeing thus, bhikkhus, the instructed noble disciple experiences revulsion
towards the eye ..." [ and all the items in Group A, plus the eighteen feelings.]
"Experiencing revulsion, he becomes dispassionate. Through dispassion his mind
is liberated. ..." [Bhikkhu Bodhi, Connected Discourses, page 1143.]
Translation notes: rāgaggi: the fire of lust. (m.)
dosaggi: the fire of anger. (m.)
mohaggi: the fire of delusion.
Revulsion = nibbindati: gets wearied of; is disgusted with.
Dispassionate = virāga: dispassionateness; absence of desire. (m.)
In SN 35.76 - Radha (1) [Bodhi], [DPR, SN 35.59], we read:
"Radha, you should abandon desire (chando) for whatever is impermanent. And
what is impermanent? ..." [All the items in Group A, plus the eighteen feelings.]
If we are told to abandon desire for all these things then we obviously do have
such desires. But what exactly are these desires? Take "the eye" for example,
what does it mean that one has "desire and lust for the eye"? | <urn:uuid:2df5686d-e851-4861-9334-9efef8c4f0e0> | 2013-05-26T02:57:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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tiltbillings wrote:Is ultimate truth "more real" than conventional truth?
from the point of view of simple existence theyre both real. for example both a hand and its deepest nature can rightly be said to exist.
a hand however is totally unreal from the pov of a deceived mind, since its perceived nature is a delusion. seeing a hand by definition obstructs the perception of its real nature. this mind, though, is correct with regard to the simple existence of the hand.
You really did not read what was written. Ultimately there are not indivisible mind moments.
i did. what makes you think there are not indivisible mind moments, from what is said in your quote? im sort of starting to think that by indivisible unit you take it to mean "absolute unity/single reality", which is not at all what i mean by indivisible. what i mean is the deepest characteristic nature at the root of deceptive characteristic natures.
Shonin wrote:Any preference or apparent superiority of ultimate truth over conventional truth must be a conventional distinction.
how do you understand conventional truths?
A Japanese man has been arrested on suspicion of writing a computer virus that destroys and replaces files on a victim PC with manga images of squid, octopuses and sea urchins. Masato Nakatsuji, 27, of Izumisano, Osaka Prefecture, was quoted as telling police: "I wanted to see how much my computer programming skills had improved since the last time I was arrested." | <urn:uuid:200742e7-2ee9-45e2-b0ae-4e42554b28c3> | 2013-05-26T03:10:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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the Hindu concept of shakti, and it's manifestation in Pali and Buddhism, satti.
rishi wrote:Thanks now we're geting somewhere. I'm not so stuck on terms so "divine" can be questioned, and your answer would mean that any non-physical entity, would have no effect on a human, as such a Bodhisattva would be a mere concept, no?
Also, could you break out what you mean by dependent origination?
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 7 guests | <urn:uuid:48ab4023-07d9-4e47-ad0f-6ef3f497b6f9> | 2013-05-26T02:57:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Speaking exclusively to Digital Spy, the 36-year-old British actor praised the cast and crew for their work on the now axed sci-fi series.
Bamber made his guest appearance in the first episode of Dollhouse's second season as a bad guy who married Eliza Dushku's Echo.
"It's only the third time I've guested on an American show and its hard to do that because you're stepping into someone else's team," he said.
"But I loved it for three reasons: I was really fascinated to work with Joss Whedon and see how he does things, and also to work with Tahmoh [Penikett] because he's a great friend and I really enjoyed playing the character - it was different for me, playing a bad guy."
He added that while he has not yet watched an episode of Joss Whedon's latest offering, he is still disappointed over Fox's decision to axe it.
"I have to say that I've never seen an episode so I'm probably not the best person to ask. Obviously I'm disappointed for my friend, and I'm disappointed for Joss, but that's the game we're in - if you're not getting the numbers, it's not going to work, is it?"
Bamber currently stars in the UK version of Law & Order, which returns for its second series Monday, January 11 on ITV1.
> Click here to read our full interview with Jamie | <urn:uuid:e5a56e41-e4d1-4202-b5fc-20069353b055> | 2013-05-26T03:03:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Speaking to Snitch Seeker, cast members including Coltrane, Helen McCrory and Warwick Davis offered much praise for the actor who took on the role of the boy wizard when he was 11.
"Well, my favorite thing is his terrible jokes," Coltrane said. "He went through a period, do you remember about three years ago, when he decided he was going to become a stand-up comedian? He'd tell me jokes that my father told me about 50 years ago. And I'd go, 'Timing, Dan. Better timing in that'.
"But they were terribly funny because he was so earnest. He's always been terribly earnest and determined to get it right. He'd say, 'You'll love this one. You'll love this one'. And I'd go, 'OK, yeah'.
McCrory, Narcissa Malfoy in the series, continued: "He's also got a great knowledge of music. Two Christmases ago I really decided I've got to stop listening to Stones and Dylan and try and lurch myself loose into the 20th, if not 21st, century. He was fantastic and wrote lists and lists of brilliant albums, all of which my husband owns now, which was bought for Christmas presents. He's a real music-head. He's passionate."
Producer David Barron went on to praise the 21-year-old for taking an interest in "everything and anybody", saying: "He's really brilliant. He's a real leader on the set because he's really motivated to make anybody who's new, either in crew or cast terms, just made to feel comfortable and settle in as if they're part of the family that had developed over the years. He's a really, really impressive young man, but he's also very funny - loves to joke around and loves a laugh."
Describing Radcliffe's energy as "boundless" and "infectious", Davis said: "He's just a brilliant lad to work with. He's done so well. And just to have gotten through all these films and been so consistent, it's quite an achievement, really."
Of the actor and his two co-stars Emma Watson and Rupert Grint, Coltrane added: "There was never anything child actorish about any of those three. There is a sort of child actor to be avoided."
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part One is released on DVD on April 11 in the UK and April 15 in the US. The final movie, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part Two, opens in cinemas on July 15.
Watch a first-look at Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part Two below:
> 'Deathly Hallows: Part Two' confirmed for 3D | <urn:uuid:0c3614c9-50be-42d0-ab29-db6edb22fd09> | 2013-05-26T02:56:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Nicki Minaj has revealed that her supergroup would consist of Angelina Jolie, Nicole 'Snooki' Polizzi, Cyndi Lauper and Lauryn Hill.
The rapper also claimed that Beyoncé would automatically be excluded from the all-female band because it would not be "fair".
Speaking to Billboard, the 25-year-old said of Jolie and Jersey Shore star Snooki: "They would be like one of the backup dancers."
On the rest of the group, she added: "We would have to have Lauryn Hill, like have to, and we would have to have Cyndi Lauper ’cause she’s funny, she’s crazy. [Cyndi] reminds me of myself and I love her voice. I would produce her in the studio and be like, ‘Cyndi, give it to me like this, I want that feeling, I want that stuff'."
Minaj's debut album Pink Friday is released on November 23. | <urn:uuid:94c7487f-ed05-487a-bf98-f9f1578a5964> | 2013-05-26T02:55:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The show is expected to focus on a new character called Walter Sherman - a former military policeman who knows Booth (David Boreanaz).
Walter was originally expected to be introduced in the main Bones series in December.
However, Movieline reports that production on his episode has been postponed until February or March. It is now scheduled to air in the spring.
Sources claimed that the decision was made for creative reasons, although a spokesperson for Fox declined to comment.
Fox is currently casting for the role of Walter. | <urn:uuid:137924b7-2457-4351-b6fd-ce16e09a2aa7> | 2013-05-26T02:48:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Enter some words or a phrase to search all the images on this site. Or, you can use some special searches:
Images from a certain day
Enter a date on its own like this:
(dd/mm/yyyy) to show all images taken on that day.
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with a hypen '-' between them.
If you know the name of the image you are searching for, enter it on its own like this:
To search for all images from the same event, enter the first part of the image name, like this: | <urn:uuid:2256ea2b-edc0-4bad-8171-64fd9591f0fb> | 2013-05-26T02:49:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Recent Event Highlights: Last American troops Leave Vietnam, Operation Linebacker 2, Operation Linebacker 1, and 18 more...
Created by 13RodriguezH on Dec 20, 2010
Last updated: 01/02/11 at 07:47 PM
Vietnam war menu has no followers yet. Be the first one to follow.
On March 29, 1973, two months after signing the Vietnam peace agreement, the last U.S. troops leave South Vietnam when Hanoi freed the remaining American prisoners of war.
These talks included secret preparatory talks, formal meetings, walkouts from negotiations, and return to the table after military force, resulted in a formal document signing on January 28, 1973.
On January 15, 1973, President Richard Nixon ordered a ceasefire of the aerial bombings in North Vietnam. The decision came after Dr Henry Kissinger returned to Washington from Paris France with a draft peace proposal. Combat missions continued in South Vietnam. By January 27, 1973, all warring parties in the Vietnam War signed a ceasefire as a prelude to the Paris Peace Accord.
It was a U.S military bombing campaign Over North Vietnam, that started when the Paris negotiations broke down In December of 1972 .
Linebacker was a great improvement over Rolling Thunder. During Linebacker, American aircraft attacked targets like airfields, power plants, and radio stations which disrupted the flow of supplies and reinforcements to the units fighting in the South.
President Richard Nixon introduced his policy of "vietnamization". The plan was to encourage the South Vietnamese to take more responsibility for fighting the war.
In March 1969, President Richard Nixon authorized secret bombing raids in Cambodia, Nixon believed North Vietnam was transporting troops and supplies through neighboring Cambodia into South Vietnam. He hoped that bombing supply routes in Cambodia would weaken the United States' enemies.
The Media really changed the view of the public's opinion on the Vietnam war because not only was the media showing some good things such as secret bombings that were being planned, but was also making Lyndon B. Johnson as well as his military look very bad and badly represented the military due to war efforts. Which made the people of the United States angry at Lyndon B. Johnson's administration and the soldiers of the military was also very angry on how the media was representing them.
Money spent in vietnam war.
Lyndon B Johnson's general Westmoreland said that his next step was to capture Hue. He explaining the city was the symbol of a unified Vietnam, and capturing it would have profound psychological impact on the Vietnamese in both the North and the South.
Richard Nixon, a Republican won the election. He campaigned against rising crime and claimed he would restore "law and order". Nixon also instituted the Southern policy, taking advantage of Southern voters.
A supply convoy was ambushed by PAVN forces on Route 9. This was the last overland attempt to resupply Khe Sanh until the following April. Through December, PAVN troops were spotted in the area, but there was little fighting. With the increase in enemy activity a decision was needed regarding whether to further reinforce Khe Sanh or abandon the position.
The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by the Vietcong and North Vietnamese forces, on scores of cities, towns, and hamlets throughout South Vietnam. It was considered to be a turning point in the Vietnam War.
The most notorious U.S. military event of the Vietnam War. My Lai was one of a cluster of South Vietnamese hamlets making up Son My village, nicknamed "Pinkville" by U.S. soldiers because of its concentration of Communist sympathizers and Viet Cong activity.
It was a military operation of the Vietnam War conducted primarily by US forces. The aim of this massive search and destroy operation was to corrupt the so-called "Iron Triangle."
This was the first major battle between the United States Army and the People's Army of Vietnam (referred to by US fighting units as the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War.) U.S. CIA agents had been tracking the NVA's movements since the early fall, and by November 13 U.S. forces had been moved in to attack.
Operation Rolling Thunder was a prolonged U.S. bombing campaign during the Vietnam War that failed to achieve its major political and military objectives.
This was a major carpet-bombing of North Vietnamese targets.
3,500 Marines were deployed to secure the U.S. airbase, freeing South Vietnamese troops up for combat. On March 1, Ambassador Maxwell Taylor had informed South Vietnamese Premier Phan Huy Quat that the United States was preparing to send the Marines to Vietnam. Three days later, a formal request was submitted by the U.S. Embassy, asking the South Vietnamese government to "invite" the United States to send the Marines.
Was a congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in Southeast Asia. On Aug. 4, 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin attacked U.S. destroyers that were reporting intelligence information to South Vietnam.
On July 31, 1964, the destroyer USS Maddox started a Desoto patrol off North Vietnam. it steamed through the Gulf of Tonkin getting used to the area until it was attacked by three Soviet-built P-4 motor torpedo boats were dispatched to attack the destroyer.
The Ho Chi Minh Trail was a series of roads built from North Vietnam to South Vietnam through the friendly countries of Laos and Cambodia, to provide logistical support to the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War.
The Eisenhower Doctrine defined itself as a defensive move to contain Soviet expansionism, but response from the governments of the Middle East was mixed. Jordan and Lebanon liked the declaration. Egypt and Syria said it as a threat to their security. And, Israel was unsure of their response and Iraq and Saudi Arabia opposed a U.S. military role in the region.
The domino theory was the view held by U.S. policy makers during the cold war that if one country went to communism, its neighbors were threatened with a chain reaction of Communist takeovers.
President Harry Truman addresses Congress in March 1947, introducing the new policy (Truman Doctrine) of providing economic and military aid to Turkey and Greece, the policy encompassed support for anticommunist efforts around the world. | <urn:uuid:801a0b76-385d-4ebe-9885-e56625835b93> | 2013-05-26T02:56:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Distance between Myslowice and Bohinj is 583.42 km.
This distance is equal to 362.52 miles, and 314.81 nautical miles.
The distance line on map shows distance from Myslowice to Bohinj between two cities.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) between Myslowice to Bohinj,
It takes 0.65 hours to arrive. | <urn:uuid:b998845d-0bd7-4617-a329-c5d5a82ce3c1> | 2013-05-26T03:09:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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One of the more surprising aspects of the early missions of the NX class Enterprise during the 2150s was the number of hostile alien species which the ship encountered. One of the more mysterious of these incidents came in 2151, during the ship's first year of exploration. Enterprise was deploying Subspace Amplifiers to expand Earth's communications network when an alien vessel approached. The ship refused all attempts at communication, simply observing Enterprise for a short time before departing. Over the next few days the vessel returned several times, but on subsequent visits it scanned Enterprise and then launched a series of unprovoked attacks on the ship.
The alien vessel was fitted with a defensive energy screen which Enterprise's torpedoes had little impact upon. The initial haste to get Enterprise out of dock in time to return the Klingon courier Klaang to his home world had meant that there was no time to install the ship's most powerful weapons - three five hundred Gigajoule phase cannon. The engineering and weapon crews managed to install the single cannon which the ship carried in storage, and to construct and install a second cannon. This remarkable feat, which would be expected to take up to a week in dock, was completed in 48 hours whilst the ship was still underway and engaged in periodic combat.
On one of the attacks the alien craft dispatched a shuttlecraft which landed a two person boarding party aboard Enterprise in what seemed to be some form of reconnaissance mission. The aliens were Humanoid, but of a species completely unknown to the crew. They were equipped with personal force fields which proved invulnerable to the fire of the phase pistols Enterprise carried, and after conducting scans of some crewmen and planting a surveillance device the aliens withdrew.
Once Enterprise had its phase cannon installed, they were tested against a small mountain on an uninhabited moon. The effects were unexpected; an overload caused the cannon to fire with ten times the expected yield, completely destroying the mountain and inflicting significant damage on the ship. Some modification allowed the cannon to perform more normally, but when used against the alien craft they proved as ineffective as the torpedoes had.
The chief engineering officer formulated a method of protecting the ship from the overload damage experienced earlier, and Captain Archer ordered that the conditions of the first firing be deliberately re-created. The overload allowed the phase cannon to puncture the shields of the enemy ship, inflicting considerable damage on it. A volley of torpedoes convinced the aliens to withdraw.1
There has been no further encounter with this species since 2151, leading most to speculate that they were only passing through this region of space rather than being permanent inhabitants. | <urn:uuid:7371e262-ef43-4041-a85e-6a2560221c52> | 2013-05-26T03:09:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ever feel you're in the wrong place
404 (Page Not Found) Error
If you're the site owner, one of two things happened:
- 1) You entered an incorrect URL into your browser's address bar, or
- 2) You haven't uploaded content.
If you're a visitor and not sure what happened:
- 1) You entered or copied the URL incorrectly or
- 2) The link you used to get here is faulty.
- (It's an excellent idea to let the link owner know.) | <urn:uuid:83b5ca13-aff1-420e-ab0a-f92719a9b6dd> | 2013-05-26T03:01:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Napoleon, Revolution to Empire
Last week I went to an exhibition called Napoleon, Revolution to Empire. The exhibition is about the famous military leader and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. On show are beautiful French paintings, maps, traditional artefacts and royal clothing. Visitors get an understanding of French art, culture and life from the 1770s to the 1820s. They also learn about Napoleon's life and how he influenced Europe. There are excellent audio guides to the entire exhibition for people who are Deaf. I recommend this exhibition to everyone. It's at the National Gallery of Victoria until 7 October.
Posted by: Phoebe Tay, on 19/07/12
Paintings highlight his victory and power.
One of the perks of being a teacher is school holidays. So last week I took the opportunity to visit the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV) with a friend to see the Napoleon, Revolution to Empire exhibition. I knew little about Napoleon's life but his name brought to my mind a picture of one of the world's most influential leaders.
This exhibition is like an open window providing captivating insight on his life and leadership, as well as his passion for the arts. I learnt about his great military conquests, achievements and his extraordinary influence in France. It also gave me a clear glimpse on French art, culture and life from the 1770s to the 1820s. The exhibition left me with a desire to explore more European culture.
Napoleon Bonaparte was born on the French island of Corsica in 1769. He assumed different roles in his life including a soldier, general and emperor. He became famous during the French Revolution as a military and political leader. The paintings and statues in the exhibition commemorate his wartime service to France, and revere him as one of the greatest military commanders of all time and throughout the world. A painting of Napoleon crossing the Alps on a horse highlights his victory and power. As a result of Napoleon's leadership, Europe underwent a massive political and cultural transformation still evident today.
Chateau de Malmaison
A captivating feature of the exhibition is the Chateau de Malmaison, which is a country house near Paris. It was where Napoleon's wife Joséphine de Beauharnais lived. The photos of the residence and its surroundings boast beauty and character.
Joséphine wanted to make it the most beautiful garden in Europe and did this by bringing flora and fauna from around the world. Napoleon and Josephine took a keen interest in Australia and the South Pacific. Joséphine brought Australian wildlife into her garden including kangaroos, emus and black swans. Animals from other countries included llamas, chamois and ostriches. The images of the residence I saw are still firmly embedded in my memory.
Accessibility for Deaf people
The exhibition provides iPod touch audio guides. A visitor has a choice of using audio only, audio with captions and Auslan with captions. My friend and I are both Deaf so it was a great benefit to have the Auslan with captions guide. The guide is impressive as you can see an Auslan translation for each section of the exhibition and a remarkable depth of information is provided.
The quality of the interpreting is excellent as some of the best interpreters have been chosen to translate the information. We were especially pleased that the guide gave us full access to the entire exhibition. The Australian Communication Exchange (ACE) deserves a standing ovation from the Australian Deaf community for the hard work they did in producing the Auslan with captions guide as this type of accessibility is often lacking in exhibitions.
I encourage people in the Deaf community as well as others to go along to Napoleon, Revolution to Empire. This exhibition must not be missed.
The Napoleon Exhibition is on until 7 October.
Back to top | <urn:uuid:175c2f75-225d-4e77-b9ad-51d4fda9c256> | 2013-05-26T02:41:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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When I was a kid, my favorite crayon was the one called "Burnt Sienna."
It produced a warm orange-brown color that reminded me of Georgia Red Clay.
I wasn't far off the mark. The rich pigments of the color sienna are derived from a form of limonite clay used in the production of oil-based paints.
Ferric oxides found in certain soils produce the complex color. Natural soil pigments, such as siena, ochre and umbra are found in many cave paintings and are believed to be the first pigments used by humans.
Burnt sienna is a warm reddish-brown hue, created by heating raw sienna to remove excess water from the clay.
"Sienna" is short for Terra di Siena, or "earth of Siena." The color is named for the town of Siena, ITALY, where it occurs in abundance.
The southwest entrance to Siena through medieval city wall.
Palazzo Pubblico (Town Hall)
Piazza del Campo
A beautiful medieval door
In Siena, ITALY, the Cathedrale di Santa Maria, known as the Duomo, is a treasure trove of sacred art from the 13th and 14th centuries.
This marble mosaic by an unknown artist depicts the "she-wolf," symbol of Siena
Our guide explained that the relief on this bronze door to the Duomo (Siena, ITALY) depicts the "glorification of the virgin."
Cathedral de Santa Maria Assunta
(Holy Mary of the Assumption)
These colorful frescoes on the library ceiling were painted by Umbrian artist Bernardino di betto, better known as "Pinturicchio." The sequential panels depict the life story of Siena cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini, who eventually became Pope Pius II.
Fresco Painted Archway
Bernardino di Betto (Pinturicchio) painted several frescoes in the Cathedral.
This one, in the nave above the door to the Piccolomini Library, substitutes portraits of Pinturicchio's patrons for the faces of the saints. | <urn:uuid:4931c496-a8a2-4910-8c0f-4345e96a111e> | 2013-05-26T02:34:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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'Rocket' Ray Jutkins, 69, Dies of LeukemiaRay Jutkins, a legendary direct marketer known for his colorful and eccentric presentation style, died Jan. 6 of leukemia. He was 69.
Jutkins, who for some years was known as "Rocket" Ray Jutkins, worked in direct marketing for nearly five decades. He was known for his skill as a DM strategist and consultant as well as for his enthusiasm and showmanship.
He gave talks on direct marketing all over the world. He wrote two books, "Magic Marketing Minutes" and "Power Direct Marketing," as well as numerous articles.
He opened presentations at direct marketing conferences by driving his Harley-Davidson motorcycle onto the stage. He made himself accessible to others in the industry and was known to answer questions via e-mail from strangers.
"He was very generous with his time," said John Schulte, president and chairman of the National Mail Order Association, of which Jutkins was an advisory board member. "If you reached out to him, he reached back."
Jutkins traveled to 164 countries and all seven continents, according to his Web site. He also was a Harley-Davidson enthusiast who crisscrossed the country on his motorcycle.
A memorial Web page has been established for Jutkins at RayJutkinsMemories.info by William Blinn, Jutkins' longtime Webmaster. Blinn recalled their first meeting at a presentation Jutkins gave in New York in the early 1980s, at which Jutkins wore a red-and-white checkered shirt and suspenders.
"He was just this really exciting guy," Blinn said, "just on the stage and off the stage. He had two or three charts he was writing on."
His Web site, RayJutkins.com, published a final request for donations to the Dominican University of California's occupational therapy department. Checks may be sent with the notation "In memory of Ray Jutkins" to: Dominican University of California, Department of Occupational Therapy, 50 Acacia Ave., San Rafael, CA 94901.
"You may ask 'why' the OT department of a small University in northern California," a statement on the Web site read. "The answer is simple; Ray's granddaughter Brittany is an honors student at this college. First hand knowledge shows the needs of the department are great -- your contribution will be appreciated and put to good use." | <urn:uuid:99c1d649-b2bf-4dda-ad92-9a6dc5bde756> | 2013-05-26T02:34:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Sharmila Tagore, actor and wife of late cricketer Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi, sought institution of a Pataudi lecture and a Pataudi Trophy for the upcoming India-England series.
She wrote to BCCI President N Srinivasan requesting him to name the India-England series after her late husband.
"As you are aware, next week India-England test series begins. I am given to understand ECB has already written to BCCI requesting to make the trophy official. You will recall my previous mail to you where I had mentioned our disappointment at the close of the test series at the Oval and had urged you to take the matter forward and formalise the trophy," said Tagore in her letter to Srinivasan.
"You had assured me that you have told the people concerned to take it forward. Please note that this correspondence is almost a year old. Now, since there is very little time before the start of the series, I am hoping you will act on this matter soon and inform me about your decision at your earliest," she added.
Tagore has also questioned the delay in instituting the BCCI Annual Lecture in Tiger Pataudi's name. | <urn:uuid:6e576277-258e-41cf-8374-85bba4385668> | 2013-05-26T02:34:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Design - Earious needs a redesign of the "featured" section
Looking for a great designer to redo the "featured" section of the main page (image attached). Designers are free to change the size of the thumbnails, text positioning/color/style, borders, and overall placement of items under the featured section etc. Hoping to move away from the current set up consisting of the content surrounded by borders. Looking for a design that is more open with a nice/smooth transition from the banner (graphic) to the featured section. Please do not alter the width of the page. Keywords: Other graphic design
In this project you compete with other providers. The best outcome is chosen by the buyer and its provider is rewarded. For more information see the FAQ.
Use the "Project Type" filter on the left to filter all contest projects.In this project you place a bid to offer the price you wish to receive for performing it. The buyer chooses the provider by price and impression. For more information see the FAQ.
Use the "Project Type" filter on the left to filter all bidding projects. | <urn:uuid:ac094b6b-fa8b-42d1-a97a-ace284a9d210> | 2013-05-26T02:42:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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DriverHive distribution permissions and end-user license agreement
PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY
Software License Agreement
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The trial version of DriverHive can be freely distributed over the Internet in an unchanged form | <urn:uuid:8cc721b5-265d-4159-972f-27bc936800b5> | 2013-05-26T02:34:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Comparing an Integer With a Floating-Point Number, Part 1: Strategy
Last week, I started discussing the problem of comparing two numbers, each of which might be integer or floating-point. I pointed out that integers are easy to compare with each other, but a program that compares two floating-point numbers must take NaN (Not a Number) into account.
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That discussion omitted the case in which one number is an integer and the other is floating-point. As before, we must decide how to handle NaN; presumably, we shall make this decision in a way that is consistent with what we did for pure floating-point values.
Aside from dealing with NaN, the basic problem is easy to state: We have two numbers, one integer and one floating-point, and we want to compare them. For convenience, we'll refer to the integer as
N and the floating-point number as
X. Then there are three possibilities:
- Neither of the above.
It's easy to write the comparisons
N < X and
X < N directly as C++ expressions. However, the definition of these comparisons is that
N gets converted to floating-point and the comparison is done in floating-point. This language-defined comparison works only when converting
N to floating-point yields an accurate result. On every computer I have ever encountered, such conversions fail whenever the "fraction" part of the floating-point number — that is, the part that is neither the sign nor the exponent — does not have enough capacity to contain the integer. In that case, one or more of the integer's low-order bits will be rounded or discarded in order to make it fit.
To make this discussion concrete, consider the floating-point format usually used for the
float type these days. The fraction in this format has 24 significant bits, which means that
N can be converted to floating-point only when
|N| < 224. For larger integers, the conversion will lose one or more bits. So, for example, 224 and 224+1 might convert to the same floating-point number, or perhaps 224+1 and 224+2 might do so, depending on how the machine handles rounding. Either of these possibilities implies that there are values of
X such that
N == X,
N+1 == X, and (of course)
N < N+1. Such behavior clearly violates the conditions for C++ comparison operators.
In general, there will be a number — let's call it
B for big — such that integers with absolute value greater than
B cannot always be represented exactly as floating-point numbers. This number will usually be 2k, where
k is the number of bits in a floating-point fraction. I claim that "greater" is correct rather than "greater than or equal" because even though the actual value 2k doesn't quite fit in
k bits, it can still be accurately represented by setting the exponent so that the low-order bit of the fraction represents 2 rather than 1. So, for example, a 24-bit fraction can represent 224 exactly but cannot represent 224+1, and therefore we will say that
B is 224 on such an implementation.
With this observation, we can say that we are safe in converting a positive integer
N to floating-point unless
N > B. Moreover, on implementations in which floating-point numbers have more bits in their fraction than integers have (excluding the sign bit),
N > B will always be false, because there is no way to generate an integer larger than
B on such an implementation.
Returning to our original problem of comparing
N, we see that the problems arise only when
N > B. In that case we cannot convert
N to floating-point successfully. What can we do? The key observation is that if
X is large enough that it might possibly be larger than
N, the low-order bit of
X must represent a power of two greater than 1. In other words, if
X > B, then
X must be an integer. Of course, it might be such a large integer that it is not possible to represent it in integer format; but nevertheless, the mathematical value of
X is an integer.
This final observation leads us to a strategy:
N < B, then we can safely convert
Nto floating-point for comparison with
X; this conversion will be exact.
- Otherwise, if
Xis larger than the largest possible integer (of the type of
Xmust be larger than
X > B, and therefore
Xcan be represented exactly as an integer of the type of
N. Therefore, we can convert
Xto integer and compare
I noted at the beginning of this article that we still need to do something about NaN. In addition, we need to handle negative numbers: If
N have opposite signs, we do not need to compare them further; and if they are both negative, we have to take that fact into account in our comparison. There is also the problem of determining the value of
However, none of these problems is particularly difficult once we have the strategy figured out. Accordingly, I'll leave the rest of the problem as an exercise, and go over the whole solution next week. | <urn:uuid:29bc3e23-5ae6-41a7-a716-961ab18e174f> | 2013-05-26T02:56:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Modern functional programming languages such as F# reduce development time and make it easy to perform rapid prototyping for complex algorithms. One of the most interesting features of F# 3.0, which is now a first-class citizen in Visual Studio 2012, is its ability to do algorithmic analysis on large data sets. In particular, it offers a uniform approach for continuously changing data sources, which is termed Information Rich Programming. In this first article in a series dedicated to Information Rich Programming with F# 3.0, I'll provide an overview of the new F# Type Providers and how they can boost your productivity and solve common problems when accessing continuously changing data sources and Internet-scale information sources.
IntelliSense and a SQL Server Database
I'll start with a very simple example that enables you to understand the productivity boost that you can expect with the new type providers and learn their basic features. Even if you don't have previous experience with either F# or functional programming languages, you will be able to see why type providers are one of the most important features in F# 3.0.
Figure 1 shows a schema with the entities and the relationships of a Retrogames database that I've used in many data-oriented examples in the past. The database has the following entities:
Figure 1: Entities and their relationships for the Retrogames SQL Server database.
Each game must have a category. Each time a game ends for a player, a service inserts the score in the
PlayerScore table. Each player must have a gender (male or female) defined in the
Gender table). I'll use Retrogames as the database name. You can run the following script in SQL Server 2008 or 2012 in order to create the database structure for this example:
CREATE TABLE dbo.GameCategory ( GameCategoryId int NOT NULL, Name varchar(50) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT PK_GameCategory PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (GameCategoryId ASC) ) GO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_GameCategory ON dbo.GameCategory ( Name ASC ) GO CREATE TABLE dbo.Gender ( GenderId int NOT NULL, Description varchar(20) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT PK_Genre PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (GenderId ASC) ) GO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_Genre ON dbo.Gender ( Description ASC ) GO CREATE TABLE dbo.Game ( GameId int NOT NULL, Name varchar(50) NOT NULL, ReleaseDate date NOT NULL, GameCategoryId int NOT NULL, Played bit NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT PK_games PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (GameId ASC) ) GO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_games ON dbo.Game ( Name ASC ) GO CREATE INDEX IX_games_1 ON dbo.Game ( ReleaseDate ASC ) GO CREATE INDEX IX_Game ON dbo.Game ( Played ASC ) GO ALTER TABLE dbo.Game ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Game_GameCategory FOREIGN KEY (GameCategoryId) REFERENCES dbo.GameCategory(GameCategoryId) ON DELETE CASCADE GO CREATE TABLE dbo.Player ( PlayerId int NOT NULL, Name varchar(50) NOT NULL, GenderId int NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT PK_Player PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (PlayerId ASC) ) GO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_Player ON dbo.Player ( Name ASC ) GO ALTER TABLE dbo.Player ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Player_Genre FOREIGN KEY (GenderId) REFERENCES dbo.Gender(GenderId) GO CREATE TABLE dbo.PlayerScore ( PlayerScoreId int NOT NULL, PlayerId int NOT NULL, GameId int NOT NULL, Score bigint NOT NULL, ScoreDate date NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT PK_PlayerScore PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (PlayerScoreId ASC) ) GO ALTER TABLE dbo.PlayerScore ADD CONSTRAINT FK_PlayerScore_Player FOREIGN KEY (PlayerId) REFERENCES dbo.Player(PlayerId) GO ALTER TABLE dbo.PlayerScore ADD CONSTRAINT FK_PlayerScore_Game FOREIGN KEY (GameId) REFERENCES dbo.Game(GameId) GO
If you use Server Explorer in Visual Studio 2012 (known as Database Explorer in the Express edition), you can easily establish a connection to the database and navigate through the database structure. It is easy to discover the tables and their columns (see Figure 2), even with the horrible monochrome icons that Visual Studio 2012 brought with its UI (colors are so useful for developers and architects). Of course, you always have the diagrams, but my focus is on how simple it is to review the schema in real-time in the IDE.
Figure 2: Server Explorer allowing you to navigate through the database structure.
If you use Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio to build queries and you have IntelliSense enabled, you can benefit for auto-completion. I must say that even the simplest IntelliSense included by default in Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio makes me more productive and reduces my error rate whenever I write a SQL query, because I don't make mistakes with either table or column names, and I reduce my memory consumption. There are more powerful tools that boost productivity when you write too many queries per hour, but that isn't the main topic for this article.
Thus, developers and architects are already used to taking advantage of IntelliSense when they write queries against a SQL Server database. Of course, the database schema must be kept up-to-date. However, you don't have to remember the exact field names because IntelliSense provides them to you. For example, if you need to calculate the maximum score for year 2012, with the help of IntelliSense, you don't need to remember either table or column names to generate the following query (see Figure 3).
SELECT MAX(P.Score) FROM PlayerScore P WHERE P.ScoreDate BETWEEN '2012-01-01' AND '2011-12-31' GO
Figure 3: SQL Server Management Studio auto-completion features in action. | <urn:uuid:3bea2887-aeb9-400f-a1ae-6f829eb67a75> | 2013-05-26T03:10:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A Union man has been charged with homicide by neglect following the death of his 67-year-old mother, who arrived at a hospital last month covered in maggot-filled sores.
According to the Union County Sheriff's Office, the home that Bryan Scott Williams
shared with his mother was covered with piles of trash, as well as human and animal feces.
Williams, 46, took his mother, Carol Ruth Williams, to Wallace Thomson Hospital on Wednesday after he found her unresponsive on a living room sofa. Hospital staff, deputies and a Department of Social Services worker noticed redness, swelling and open wounds
on the elderly woman's body and, while photographing her condition, found maggots in and around some of her injuries
Deputies later searched the Williams' mobile home and discovered soiled adult diapers, an "enormous amount of trash piled in the living room,"
and a bedroom floor covered in dog feces
, according to an incident report.
After taking his mother to the hospital, Bryan Williams told deputies she hadn't been able to get off the sofa on her own for about a month
, and he had been purchasing adult diapers for her. She had been capable of cleaning herself, he told them.
The same day her condition was brought to the attention of authorities, Carol Williams was transported to Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, where she died
Union County Sheriff David Taylor said Carol Williams would not have died if she had been cared for properly at home.
"This is a tragic situation. It started as a case of neglect of a vulnerable adult and ended up costing her life," Taylor said. | <urn:uuid:6d0c3db6-80f4-4fb7-b3e9-653805bbc19a> | 2013-05-26T02:49:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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But you had/have diabetes no? If so, that means you ate the wrong foods for a very long time, no? You must have abused your body repeatedly until you got to this point. I can have 10 servings of fruit a day without a problem, but a diabetic can't. A diabetic can't because every time he/she ate the wrong foods a conscious choice was made that I am putting my health at risk.
Some people pay early in life, some pay later. It's the same thing in other areas. And so what if one or two or even 100 people get away with eating high fat, unhealthy foods?
For every person that doesn't have health problems from unhealthy eating, there are hundreds who do.
For most people, high fat junk foods will hunt you, eventually. When and how? You just have to wait and see for yourself.
It's like a teenager playing with fireworks, right? Some will lose a few fingers, some will be VERY LUCKY.
Quoting the whole thing because it's worth doing. This is a great post. Unless someone has been McDougalling since babyhood (which may be the case in a few years but right now there aren't too many middle-aged folks who can say that!), your body has undergone some abuse--how much depends on what you ate, how long you ate it, how much it affected you, what else you did (smoking, second-hand smoke), etc.
I'm fortunate that I went vegan 20+ years ago -- BUT I did not McDougall that entire time. Much of the time I was eating added fats and a lot of them. I know that more than a year of McDougalling has improved my numbers and my health--but it would be foolish to think that doing so has made me somehow invulnerable. I can't know what damage was done by how I lived before, I can't know my genetic tendencies, and I can't know how chemicals I've encountered have affected me.
If I were you I would be happy I survived the heart attack (many don't!) and move on. Keep doing the best you can--that's all you can do! | <urn:uuid:3d1f9fe4-54ce-4681-ba45-eb425f08512a> | 2013-05-26T03:03:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Baseball to Conduct In-Season Blood Testing for Human Growth Hormone
Major League Baseball and its players union announced they have reached an agreement to conduct in-season blood testing of players for human growth hormone. Players also will be tested for synthetic testosterone, which is increasingly popular because it washes out of the body fairly quickly after being used.
The announcement comes soon after members of the Baseball Writers’ Association of America voted against inducting Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens into the Baseball Hall of Fame, because of their links to steroids, The New York Times reports.
Major League Baseball was the first major sport in the United States to agree to human growth hormone testing. It reached an agreement with its union in November 2011 to test for the substance, but only in spring training and the off-season. The new agreement expands the testing into the baseball season.
Human growth hormone can help players build muscle mass, and to recover quickly from extended physical activity. It cannot be used legally without a prescription. | <urn:uuid:7f2df370-5b78-4f3b-adcd-9aabb5daa4df> | 2013-05-26T02:49:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Atenolol Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings
Atenolol is also known as: Tenormin
Atenolol Pregnancy Warnings
Atenolol crosses the placental barrier and appears in cord blood. Administration of atenolol in the second trimester of pregnancy has been associated with the birth of infants that are small for their gestational age. In addition, some data have shown a significantly decreased fetal heart rate and significantly decreased mean birth weight of infants whose mothers were taking atenolol relative to those taking acebutolol or pindolol. Case reports of profound beta-blockade in neonates of mothers who were taking atenolol are reported. Because of this, observation of affected neonates for bradycardia and hypotension is recommended for 48 hours postpartum. The results of one study indicate that maternal renal function, mean cardiac output, and heart rate are significantly increased, while mean total peripheral resistance is significantly decreased during the second and third trimesters as compared to 3 months postpartum.
Atenolol has been assigned to pregnancy category D by the FDA. Animal studies have revealed evidence of dose-related embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity. Atenolol has been used during human pregnancy (starting in the second trimester) with evidence of lower birth weight and preterm (less than 37 weeks) delivery. Neonates born to mothers who are receiving atenolol at parturition may be at risk for hypoglycemia and bradycardia. Atenolol should only be given during pregnancy when there are no alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.
Atenolol Breastfeeding Warnings
Atenolol is excreted into human breast milk at a ratio of 1.5 to 6.8 when compared to the concentration in plasma. Neonates born to mothers who are receiving atenolol and are breast-feeding may be at risk for hypoglycemia and bradycardia. The manufacturer recommends that caution be used when administering atenolol to nursing women.
Milk atenolol levels may be four times higher than maternal serum levels. One case of bradycardia, peripheral cyanosis, and hypothermia is reported in a nursing infant whose mother was taking atenolol 50 mg orally every 12 hours. The authors calculated that the atenolol exposure to the nursing infant was 9% of the mother's daily dose. Because of this, observation of nursing infants for bradycardia and hypotension is recommended during breast-feeding. In addition, neonates born to mothers who are breast-feeding may be at an increase risk for hypoglycemia. Premature infants or infants with impaired renal function may be more at risk to develop side effects.
- Atenolol use while Breastfeeding (in more detail)
- Atenolol Consumer Information
- Pregnancy Support Group
- FDA Pregnancy Categories
- Medicine use during Pregnancy
- Medicine use while Breastfeeding
- Safe Medications during Breastfeeding
Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Wolters Kluwer Health and Drugs.com is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. In addition, the drug information contained herein may be time sensitive and should not be utilized as a reference resource beyond the date hereof. This drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients, or recommend therapy. This drug information is a reference resource designed as supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill , knowledge, and judgement of healthcare practitioners in patient care. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug of drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for any given patient. Multum Information Services, Inc. does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. Copyright 2000-2008 Multum Information Services, Inc. The information in contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. | <urn:uuid:d0ebc205-4dfd-4b90-85fd-9778be45a6ef> | 2013-05-26T02:49:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Durham Cathedral Library descends from the library of the monastery founded on Lindisfarne by St Aidan in 635. When the community left Lindisfarne in 875, the monks took with them relics of St Cuthbert, and a number of books. These probably included the famous manuscript now known as the Lindisfarne gospels. The community settled at Chester-le-Street in 883, where it continued to acquire books. In 995 it moved to Durham, where it built the 'White Church' completed in 1017.
The medieval priory library
In 1083 the Bishop of Durham, William of St Calais, founded a Benedictine priory to replace the community of secular clerks which had served the White Church and shrine of St Cuthbert, and in 1093 the foundation stone of the present cathedral was laid. William drew his first monks from the recently re-founded abbeys of Wearmouth and Jarrow. The new priory inherited books from all these predecessors, including 7th and 8th century manuscripts of Northumbrian origin, some of which are still in the Cathedral Library today. The priory gradually amassed a substantial library, including books written in its own scriptorium. Most books were housed in the Spendement off the west cloister, cupboards in the north cloister, and (from the early 15th century) a new library room above the east cloister.
The Cathedral Library after the dissolution of the monastery
After the dissolution of the monastery in 1539, the cathedral was re-founded under a dean and chapter who inherited what survived of the priory's collection of manuscripts and printed books. Further severe losses occurred in the later 16th century, including the Lindisfarne Gospels (now in the British Library; a facsimile is on display in the Cathedral Treasury). Nonetheless, over 300 manuscripts and some 60 printed books from the monastic collection still remain in the Cathedral Library today.
After almost a century of neglect, the library was reformed in the 1620's through the initiative of John Cosin and other canons. During the civil war and Interregnum it suffered less depredation and dispersal than many other cathedral libraries. After the Restoration, the former monastic refectory was restored and fitted out as a library by Dean Sudbury, and the old library room above the east cloister ceased to be used for library purposes. The book collection grew rapidly, both by purchase and gift, and by 1676 the stock had increased to almost 1000 volumes.
The 18th century brought further substantial expansion, with less emphasis on theology and more on antiquities, history, travel, topography, and natural history. In 1742 the library received the important bequest of the music books and scores of Philip Falle, and in 1757 the Dean and Chapter bought the manuscripts (ca. 150 volumes) collected by the local antiquary Dr. Christopher Hunter, including several which had belonged to the medieval priory library.
The Library began to outgrow the Refectory. In 1849-54 the former monastic Dormitory was restored and fitted out as a library. (Looking today at this impressive room with its medieval open timber roof, it is difficult to picture its pre-1854 state. The Dormitory became derelict after the dissolution of the monastery. After the Restoration, a house for one of the canons was constructed in the southern end, while the northern end was used as a covered yard where children played and washing dried). In 1858 the Refectory was 'restored' by Anthony Salvin, who was responsible for the present windows. Between 1823 and the end of the century a number of important additional collections of local antiquaries were acquired (Allan, Longstaffe, Raine, Randall, and Sharp MSS, and, a little later, the Surtees MSS).
20th - 21st centuries
The Library's steady growth has continued, but, as alternative library provision in the region has increased, the range of subjects covered by new acquisitions has been gradually narrowed. Acquisitions are now concentrated on the cathedral itself (history, architecture, liturgy, music), its contents and collections, and the region it serves, and on major reference works and critical studies to set those topics in their wider contexts.
Major new developments in this period:
- 1930s: Durham branch of the Archdeacon Sharp Library located in the Dormitory, to provide a modern theology library for local users.
- 1958: music manuscripts and printed scores from the Bamburgh Castle Library deposited by Lord Crewe's Charity.
- 1990s: Meissen Library (German Protestant theology) established.
- Hughes, H.D., A history of Durham Cathedral Library (Durham, 1925)
- Piper, A.J., 'The libraries of the monks of Durham', in Malcolm Parkes (ed.), Medieval scribes, manuscripts and libraries. Essays presented to N.R. Ker (London, 1978), pp. 213-41
- Mynors, R.A.B., Durham cathedral manuscripts to the end of the 12th century (Oxford, 1939)
- Rud, T., Codicum Mss Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis catalogus classicus (Durham, 1825)
- The cathedral libraries catalogue: books printed before 1701 in the libraries of the Anglican cathedrals of England and Wales, 2 vols (London, 1984-98)
- Doyle, A.I., 'The printed books of the last monks of Durham', The Library, 6th ser., 10 (1988), 203-19
- Crosby, Brian, A catalogue of Durham Cathedral music manuscripts (Oxford, 1968)
- Harman, R.A., A catalogue of the printed music at Durham Cathedral (Oxford, 1968) | <urn:uuid:a66a1f2e-ea73-43fb-b720-0131958dd16b> | 2013-05-26T02:47:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Two short films are included here: versions of Hans Christian Andersen's "The Emperor's New Clothes" and "Nightingale." Both are done by Michael Sporn.
"The Emperor's New Clothes" is oddly structured. For one thing, it takes quite a while to get started (four minutes, which is a lot in a piece so short). It's presented as a frame story, with the villagers telling a visitor what happened last week. There's also a lot of exaggeration in language and presentation, which sounds odd for a fantasy story, but it just feels overdone. Stylistically it's odd, because it's told in rhyme (or rather, parts of it are told in rhyme and parts aren't, an awkward combination). What's worse, though, is that the creators of the film adaptation seem to have hijacked it for an anti-tax / anti-government theme... the original theme of the "emperor's new clothes" is awkwardly handled so that the bite of the original point is lost.
"Nightingale" works much better, as it sticks to the original story more closely and doesn't wander off into strange interpretations. Here we get the simple story of the beautiful nightingale, who sings for the Emperor but is supplanted by a mechanical bird when the original bird doesn't want to live in a golden cage. The story here is straightforward and could have been presented in less time than is actually given to it. It gets a bit surreal at the end, with a trippy dream sequence that feels fairly gratuitous, but overall it's not badly done.
Both are done in an attractive and distinctive visual style. "The Emperor's New Clothes" is done in a colorful, sketchy crayon style that is lively and pleasing to the eye. "Nightingale" is done in a similarly simple manner, with loosely penciled lines and a mainly muted palette, with a few touches of color. The visual style captures the Japanese setting well, with a watercolor appearance. (Andersen's original story is set in China, but Sporn decided to relocate the story to Japan.)
The two animated films are presented in what appears to be their original 1.33:1 aspect ratio. A few flaws appear in the image now and then, but overall colors are good, and the image looks clean and clear.
The stereo soundtrack handles "The Emperor's New Clothes" in a satisfactory manner. The sound for "Nightingale" is muddy and muted, however.
Several special features are included here, though they don't add up to much. "The Making of The Emperor's New Clothes and Nightingale" is a short, mildly interesting 6-minute featurette. We also get an animatic, images, and storyboards for "The Emperor's New Clothes" and images and storyboards for "Nightingale." These special feature are likely to be of interest to people who are involved with filmmaking or are interested in pursuing an art or production career, not so much for the general viewer.
These two short films are reasonably faithful to the original Hans Christian Andersen stories, more so than the other set of Michael Sporn adaptations that I reviewed. They're cute, if a bit fluffed-out. I wouldn't go out of my way to seek them out, but they're not bad. Rent it. | <urn:uuid:358904e6-8c02-4a77-b2a1-8b269f13dec1> | 2013-05-26T02:35:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|Introduction | Distagon T18mm f/3.5 | Distagon T21mm f/2.8 | Distagon T25mm f/2.8 | Distagon T28mm f/2 | Distagon T35mm f/2 | Makro Planar T 50mm f/2 | Planar T50mm f/1.4 | Planar T 85mm f/1.4 | Makro Planar T 100mm f/2|
Carl Zeiss is one of those almost mythical lens makers. Focusing on quality, its lenses almost always rely on complex optical formulas. Their price reflects this involvement in quality, and logically Zeiss lenses are on the same shelves as the very high-end Canon or Nikon models.
We have tested 17 of them so far, ranging from the ultra-wide-angle Distagon T18mm f/3.5 to the much heavier Makro Planar T100mm f/2.
This article will summarize these test results. The first part will examine their DxOMark Scores for low-light and mid-light performance, along with their use case scores. Then we will study the evolution of the definition on the field according to the chosen aperture for each lens, along with the evolution of vignetting; these behaviors are strongly influenced by the size of the associated sensor, and this study shows the differences when mounted on full-frame or APS-C bodies. | <urn:uuid:60f248a7-d160-4c07-8bd6-c302815aadd3> | 2013-05-26T03:10:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Politics this week
Marching through Georgia
George Bush's whirlwind tour of eastern Europe took him from Riga, Latvia's capital, to Moscow, where he attended President Vladimir Putin's parade to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Victory Day in 1945. The American president then flew on to a rapturous welcome in Georgia, where he praised the people's battle for democracy and for freedom from outside (ie, Russian) interference.
President Putin called for legislation to limit foreign investment in Russia in such areas as infrastructure and natural resources. The move, foreshadowed in a speech last month, is part of a backlash in Russia against foreign investors in general.
The European Parliament voted to scrap Britain's opt-out from the European Union's working-time directive, which sets a limit of 48 hours for a working week. Britain may muster enough votes in the Council of Ministers to preserve the opt-out.
Silvio Berlusconi's new Italian government won a vote of confidence in Italy's lower house to push through measures aimed at boosting the economy.
Tony Blair reshuffled his cabinet after last week's British general election returned the Labour Party to power with a much reduced majority of 67 seats. Labour won just 35% of the overall vote, the lowest share for a governing party in modern British history. The Conservative Party leader, Michael Howard, said that he intended to step down before the end of the year.
North Korea said that it had completed the extraction of fuel rods from its reactor at Yongbyon, and was taking “necessary measures to bolster its nuclear arsenal”. America, South Korea and Japan expressed alarm, and China urged restraint on all sides.
Australia's government delivered a budget promising large tax cuts, mainly for the better-off.
Four people died in riots in Afghanistan following claims that the Koran had been desecrated in the American prison at Guantánamo Bay.
India resumed military aid to Nepal, suspended after last February's coup.
Following hard on the heels of the KMT's Lien Chan, a second opposition leader from Taiwan paid a visit to Beijing. James Soong heads the People First Party, which favours reuniting Taiwan with China.
Not very confident
Canada's minority Liberal government lost a censure vote in parliament brought by the opposition Conservative and Bloc Québécois parties. Paul Martin, the prime minister, said the vote was one of procedure, not of confidence, and he would therefore not call fresh elections. The opposition called for a vote of no confidence; Mr Martin duly set a date of May 19th.
The presidents of Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua met with senators in Washington to lobby for the passage of the Central American Free-Trade Agreement. The United States signed CAFTA a year ago, but the Bush administration is nervous about seeking the Senate's ratification, given the current mood on NAFTA.
Bolivia's President Carlos Mesa announced that he would not sign a law imposing punitive new taxes on foreign gas companies. Hoping to head off protests by left-wing groups, he has called for a national convention on May 16th to work out a compromise.
A summit of Arab and South American countries was held in Brasília. The gathering of 34 nations representing more than 600m people was part of Brazil's bid to establish itself as a leading power in the developing world.
Haiti's Supreme Court overturned a landmark conviction of dozens of former military and paramilitary officers found guilty in 2000 of the murder and torture of pro-Aristide supporters in the city of Gonaïves. Haiti's interim prime minister, Gérard Latortue, insisted that the Supreme Court judges had made their decision independently.
Andrés Manuel López Obrador said he would resign as the mayor of Mexico City on July 31st so that he can concentrate on his campaign for next year's presidential election.
George Bush stepped into the fight over judicial nominations by calling for an instant vote on two of his candidates to the appeals court. Democrats and Republicans tried to reach a last-minute compromise to avoid a vote on the “nuclear option” of disallowing the use of filibusters to thwart the nominations.
In what is considered to be the last word on the issue, a federal appeals court unanimously ruled that Dick Cheney's 2001 energy task-force did nothing wrong in not disclosing its corporate contacts. The case had gone to the Supreme Court, but been sent back.
San Francisco won the race for the headquarters of California's new institute on stem-cell research. But two possible lawsuits from conservative groups opposed to the institute may stop bond issues to pay for the research.
David Rosen, a former finance director for Hillary Clinton's senatorial campaign in 2000, went on trial for allegedly filing false campaign-finance statements. Although Mrs Clinton is not involved in the trial, Republican opponents are watching the case for any implications for her expected presidential run.
Following a day (May 11th) in which suicide bombers killed more than 70 people, gunmen in Iraq killed an Iraqi general in Baghdad. The new governor of the province of Anbar was kidnapped; his captors demanded the release of fighters loyal to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, al-Qaeda's man in Iraq.
Iran said it would end an agreement to suspend the conversion of yellowcake into the uranium gas that could be enriched into the fuel for a nuclear bomb. The European authors of the agreement said that in that case they would refer Iran to the UN Security Council for possible sanctions.
America's Senate backed a resolution urging Nigeria to extradite Charles Taylor, a former Liberian despot, to a UN-backed court in Sierra Leone, where he faces 17 charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity. | <urn:uuid:fd20c251-fa82-4ea6-9263-895cd5759e3f> | 2013-05-26T03:04:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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EDEN Dark Red Kidney Beans Phaseolus vulgaris are organically grown in nutrient rich vital soil, on USA family farms committed to a clean environment and the most nutritious, best tasting food. A mild sweet tasting, dark red kidney shaped bean with a firm texture and vibrant color.
EDEN Dark Red Kidney Beans are grown in living soil, free of pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers for decades. Because of the vital, rich soil that produced them they have a much high mineral content and stronger skins that hold fast their vibrant colors when cooked. These organically grown beans are a perfect food.
Beans are an important source of two essential amino acids not found in many cereal grains, lysine and threonine. Whole grains complement beans and together deliver complete protein. Enjoying a variety of beans in combination with whole grain is a good step toward healthy living.
EDEN Dark Red Kidney Beans are a most satisfying source of high quality vegetable protein. According to the FDA, "Diets containing foods that are a good source of potassium and that are low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure and stroke," "Low fat diets rich in fruits and vegetables (foods that are low in fat and may contain dietary fiber, Vitamin A, or Vitamin C) may reduce the risk of some types of cancer, a disease associated with many factors," and "Diets low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure, a disease associated with many factors." EDEN Dark Red Kidney Beans are fat free and a excellent source of dietary fiber. They are a good source of potassium and naturally sodium free. They are also rich in folate (B9), and a good source of iron, thiamin (B1), phosphorus, magnesium and copper.
Studies show beans contain antioxidants similar to those in fruits and berries. "Beans are really loaded with antioxidant compounds," said Clifford Beninger, Ph.D., an environmental biologist and former researcher for the USDA's Bean Research Unit. "We didn't know how potent they were until now. In general darker colored seed coats were associated with higher levels of flavonoids, and therefore higher antioxidant activity." Researchers tested the antioxidant activity of flavonoids found in 12 common varieties of dry beans. They found one class of compounds in particular, anthocyanins, were the most active antioxidants in beans. These findings add antioxidant activity to a growing list of healthy compounds found in beans and legumes. The study was published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
EDEN Dark Red Kidney Beans can be boiled, baked, or pressure cooked, used in soups, stews, salads, dips and spreads, bean patties and refried beans for tacos and burritos. An essential for Mexican, Central and South American cuisine.
To cook EDEN Dark Red Kidney Beans wash the beans and soak with water to cover for 6 to 8 hours or overnight. Discard the soaking water and boil for one and a half to two hours or pressure cook for 45 minutes to an hour. | <urn:uuid:fe6aa8fc-b670-4d8a-8b1d-f29ec04a3fdd> | 2013-05-26T03:02:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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101 South State Rd 7
Hollywood, FL 33023
Last Updated: June 4, 2010
Need to return apparel or footwear?? It's not a problem. Just send back the item (except the items listed below) you don't love within 14 days of delivery. We will issue a store credit of your purchase price, excluding your original shipping and handling charges.
Editors Closet will accept returns on ready-to-wear items and footwear for account credit only. Editors Closet must receive the merchandise within 14 days of delivery. Because our great values change frequently as we locate new and exciting deals for you, our 14-day return policy gives you time to return a purchase, while helping us to keep our merchandise assortment fresh and in season.
Items must be unopened, unused, unworn, unwashed, undamaged, and must be returned with their original packaging with the Editors Closet merchandise tag still intact.
Please try on your shoes and ready-to-wear items before removing the merchandise tag. Any item with an altered, broken, or damaged merchandise tag will not be accepted.
Return shipping is at your expense, using the carrier of your choice.
We will email you to confirm receipt of your returned package. After we have received your return, inspected it, and approved it for a store credit, we will credit your Editors' Closet account with the approved refund amount.
101 South State Rd 7
Hollywood, FL 33023
No returns, refunds or exchanges will be accepted on the following items: (i) Accessories (handbags, eyewear, small leather goods, umbrellas, scarves, gloves, belts), (ii) Jewelry and Watches, (iii) Swimwear, Intimate Apparel and Hosiery, (iv) Crystal Ware and (v) Beauty and Fragrances.
These items are for FINAL SALE only.
We can accept returned merchandise for up to 14 days from the date of delivery. Unfortunately, items received after the 14-day return period cannot be accepted for a refund, and your package will be returned to you.
Editors Closet strives to offer you great merchandise up to 75% off. In order to do so, we may not always carry large quantities or every size. Therefore, we unfortunately cannot process exchanges.
Certain products have special return instructions due to their size or weight. To return them, please contact Customer Service for return instructions.
EditorsCloset is committed to protecting the information we receive from you. We follow reasonable technical and management practices to help protect the confidentiality, security and integrity of data stored on our system. While no computer system is completely secure, we believe the measures implemented by our web site reduce the likelihood of security problems to a level appropriate to the type of data involved. Our site encrypts your credit card number and other personal information using secure socket layer (SSL) technology to provide for the secure transmission of the information from your PC to our servers. In addition, only those employees who need access to your information in order to perform their duties are allowed such access. Any employee who violates our privacy and/or security policies may be subject to disciplinary action, including possible termination and civil and/or criminal prosecution.
We use encryption technology, digital certificates, secure commerce servers, and authentication to ensure that your personal information is secure online.
Editors' Closet keeps track of information in order to give you a more enjoyable, convenient shopping experience. When you register (log in), you will be asked for your email address and a password so that we can provide you access to your account in the future. Before completing your first purchase, we will ask you for your name, phone number, email, billing and shipping addresses. This information, along with your credit card number, is necessary to fulfill your order. In addition, we use this information for internal purposes and to comply with any requirements of law. This information may be disclosed to our staff and to third parties involved in the completion of your transaction, the delivery of your order or the support of your use of the Editors' Closet web site. We may use your email address or phone number to contact you if we have questions about your order.
We may also use your email address to notify you about new services or special promotional programs, or send you offers or information if you have not opted-out. Emails are sent only to customers who have not opted-out from receiving emails from Editors' Closet. At any time, you may stop receiving these emails if you desire by clicking the opt-out button included in our emails.
Logging in does NOT obligate you in any way to Editors' Closet. In addition, we will keep track of past purchases you have made to provide you with a personalized profile of your shopping history. We may also ask you for information regarding your and your family's shopping preferences and demographics in order for us to better fill your needs. However, all information not necessary to fulfill your order is optional.
In revolutionizing the way you shop, EditorsCloset uses new technologies to better serve our customers. Like many web sites, we use "cookies" so you can best experience our site and the Internet. Cookies are bits of electronic information placed over the Internet onto your computer. A cookie assigns a unique tracking number to each computer accessing our site or email campaigns, which enables us and our third party service providers to recognize and keep track of each user. Through cookies we can customize our site and advertisements to your individual preferences in order to create a more personalized, convenient shopping experience. Cookies used for our web site or email campaigns do not store personally identifiable information about you or your finances. Most browsers can be set to prevent cookies or to notify you when one is being placed.
This site makes use of a technology designed to enhance your browsing experience and provide analytics. The technology provides aggregate reporting information to the site owner only. No personal or personally identifiable information is gathered or used for this process.
In an effort to make our site as effective and enjoyable as possible, the computers that operate the site will collect certain information each time you visit the site and store these statistics in server logs. These statistics do not identify you personally, but will give us information regarding the type of user who is accessing the site and certain browsing activities of that user. Information collected in this way includes the IP address of the user accessing our site (i.e. the unique I.D. number of the user's computer), the type of browser (Internet Explorer, Netscape, etc.) and operating system (system software) used to access our site, the website the user last visited before linking to our site, how long the user accessed our site in any given session, and the date and time of access. We may make extensive use of these non-personally identifiable aggregated data in order to understand how our site is being used and will share them with advertisers, sponsors, investors, strategic partners, and others in order to develop, promote, and expand our business.
We share customer information only as described in this policy.
EditorsCloset may use various outside agencies (third party service providers) to make our website operate as smoothly as possible. For example, we may use third parties to host our website, operate various features made available on our website, send emails, analyze data, provide search results and links and assist in fulfilling your orders. Some of these third parties may need access to your information in order to make the services provided through our website work. Information will only be disclosed to these service providers on a need to know basis, and they will only be permitted to use such information for the purpose of providing the particular services provided by such entities in connection with our website.
We may use third party advertising companies to serve ads on our behalf. These companies may employ cookies and action tags (also known as single pixel gifs or web beacons) to measure advertising effectiveness. Any information that these third parties collect via cookies and action tags is completely anonymous.
Other than as set forth in this policy, you will receive notice when information about you might go to third parties, and you will have an opportunity to choose not to share the information.
Membership is by invitation only, and all existing members have the possibility to invite. To offer friends the invitation to membership, please click on the "Invite Friends" tab at the top of your screen in your navigational bar.
Members are generally permitted to invite friends for membership as they see fit. However EditorsCloset members are expected to invite respected persons within their own communities and not individuals who might bring discredit to, or harm the reputation of EditorsCloset and its community. In addition, EditorsCloset reserves the right to change membership criteria and to grant or remove membership at any time and without prior notice.
There are no membership fees associated with joining EditorsCloset.
Your membership privileges include (i) an access to EditorsCloset fashion and luxury lifestyle events, (ii) direct email reminders of upcoming sale(s), (iii) the possibility to invite your friends to join EditorsCloset and (iv) $10 credit every time you invite a member and after he or she makes a first purchase.
It takes a team of expert buyers to find the bargains we sell at the low prices you love. Our buyers are professional shoppers who search the globe for exceptional quality and high-end brands at genuine savings. Thanks to their expertise and dedication, we're able to offer you an edited selection of merchandise that represents the true quality and value you've been hunting for.
We will alert you when an item is sold out, but we recommend logging on to EditorsCloset as close to the start time of an event as possible.
All US major credit cards (American Express, Master Card, Visa, and Discover) are accepted through our secure online payment system. Our systems are tested regularly to ensure the highest level of security. We do not accept personal checks.
No, all purchases must be completed on our website.
Your credit card will be charged when your order enters the shipping process. Your card provider will hold the necessary funds to fulfill the order through a pre-authorization process.
Please contact our customer care with your order number, name of the product, date of purchase, and detailed problem with the item by completing the return form. If we do not have a replacement in stock, we will credit the approved refund amount to the credit card used to purchase the returned item(s).
EditorsCloset keeps very limited, if any, excess inventory for the products we sell. Therefore, we cannot process exchanges.
To return an item, please click on Return Policy.
By keeping the return window to 14 days, we are able to keep our costs low so we can continue to offer you great merchandise and low prices. We give our customers 14 days to evaluate each purchase (excluding final sale items defined on our return policy page). If you are not satisfied, you may return it within that time period.
We are very sorry, but orders cannot be canceled once they have been placed. We process orders very quickly, and once an order enters the fulfillment process, we are unable to modify or cancel it. We apologize for any inconvenience and hope that in the majority of cases our faster processing time works to your advantage.
At the moment, EditorsCloset ships to the United States and Canada only, including APO/FPO addresses. We do not offer shipment of packages outside of the United States. We do not deliver to P.O. boxes or military (APO, FPO, PSC) boxes. We do not deliver to penitentiaries.
We are very sorry, but we cannot change the shipping address once the order has been placed. We process orders very quickly, and once an order enters the fulfillment process, we are unable to modify or cancel it. We apologize for any inconvenience and hope that in the majority of cases our faster processing time works to your advantage.
EditorsCloset has arranged that all merchandise in transit from EditorsCloset to the delivery address be insured against theft and accidental damage at no cost to you.
EditorsCloset.com is proud to offer FREE ground shipping on all orders (excluding taxes and shipping & handling charges) to all U.S. destinations except Alaska and Hawaii. Shipments to Alaska and Hawaii can only be shipped by 2nd Business Day service or Next Business Day Morning Service (Next Business Day Morning service only assures that the package will be delivered the next business day).
Deliveries to APOs and FPOs are shipped using the US Postal Service.
Orders are shipped using UPS or FedEX and are fully insured in transit. Delivery time is usually five (5) business days from the time your package leaves our warehouse (ground service).
For your security, high value orders may not be delivered without an authorized signature. If you cannot be available to sign for your package, please be sure that an adult who is authorized to sign for your package will be available at the designated shipping address. Customers will be charged a fee of $10 to reroute a package once it has been released to our carriers. Customers will also be charged a fee of $10 to reship their package if an error was made to the shipping address at checkout.
If a package is refused for delivery, the customer will be responsible for actual shipping charges incurred by EditorsCloset.com. Once we receive the package back in our warehouse, we will issue a credit to the original credit card for the purchase price less the actual shipping cost of shipping the package to you. This shipping charge will apply even if you were not originally charged shipping under a free shipping promotion. The purpose of this is to defray unnecessary shipping costs and to allow us to offer the lowest prices possible. This does not apply to packages that appear to be damaged in shipping.
Packages that are returned because of an incorrect address provided by the customer will be subject to additional shipping charges. When we receive the package in our warehouse, we will issue a credit to the original credit card for the purchase price less the actual shipping cost. This shipping charge will apply even if you were not originally charged shipping under a free shipping promotion. Requests for packages to be shipped again will be subject to actual shipping charges. The purpose of this is to defray unnecessary shipping costs and to allow us to offer the lowest prices possible.
EditorsCloset.com offers same day shipping on most orders for in-stock merchandise if we receive and process your credit card order before 2:00 pm EST Monday through Friday. Credit card orders for in-stock merchandise received after 2:00 p.m. EST Friday, on a weekend day or a holiday will begin processing the next business day. Merchandise not available for same day shipping usually ships within two business days after your credit card order has processed. Custom orders will be shipped promptly upon receipt from the manufacturer.
Please note that overnight delivery on credit card orders for in-stock merchandise processed before 2:00 p.m. EST on Fridays will be delivered on Monday as the next business day unless you select Saturday delivery for an additional charge. Please consult with your Sales Associate for details.
EditorsCloset.com is not responsible for lost, late, misdirected, damaged or incomplete placement or confirmation of orders, or Internet technical, hardware, software, telephone or transmission failures of any kind that may limit a person's ability to place an order. This guarantee does not apply to delays caused by acts beyond EditorsCloset.com's control, such as acts of God, strikes, lockouts or disasters. EditorsCloset.com reserves the right to cancel or suspend this offer should a computer virus, unauthorized intervention or other cause corrupt the integrity or the proper conduct of the offer. EditorsCloset.com reserves the right to disqualify any order found to be disrupting the operation of the offer or website. | <urn:uuid:c3b59955-7ccd-4679-bf31-1dc296a7de96> | 2013-05-26T03:08:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Torque is an important factor in much of the equipment on a factory floor. Measuring torque is often something that's misunderstood, which can lead to over- under-designing of measurement systems. This article addresses the many techniques and tradeoff of torque measurement techniques.
Torque can be divided into two major categories, either static or dynamic. The methods used to measure torque can be further divided into two more categories, either reaction or in-line. Understanding the type of torque to be measured, as well as the different types of torque sensors that are available, will have a profound impact on the accuracy of the resulting data, as well as the cost of the measurement.
In a discussion of static vs. dynamic torque, it is often easiest start with an understanding of the difference between a static and dynamic force. To put it simply, a dynamic force involves acceleration, were a static force does not.
The relationship between dynamic force and acceleration is described by Newton’s second law; F=ma (force equals mass times acceleration). The force required to stop your car with its substantial mass would a dynamic force, as the car must be decelerated. The force exerted by the brake caliper in order to stop that car would be a static force because there is no acceleration of the brake pads involved.
Torque is just a rotational force, or a force through a distance. From the previous discussion, it is considered static if it has no angular acceleration. The torque exerted by a clock spring would be a static torque, since there is no rotation and hence no angular acceleration. The torque transmitted through a cars drive axle as it cruises down the highway (at a constant speed) would be an example of a rotating static torque, because even though there is rotation, at a constant speed there is no acceleration.
The torque produced by the cars engine will be both static and dynamic, depending on where it is measured. If the torque is measured in the crankshaft, there will be large dynamic torque fluctuations as each cylinder fires and its piston rotates the crankshaft.
If the torque is measured in the drive shaft it will be nearly static because the rotational inertia of the flywheel and transmission will dampen the dynamic torque produced by the engine. The torque required to crank up the windows in a car (remember those?) would be an example of a static torque, even though there is a rotational acceleration involved, because both the acceleration and rotational inertia of the crank are very small and the resulting dynamic torque (Torque = rotational inertia x rotational acceleration) will be negligible when compared to the frictional forces involved in the window movement.
This last example illustrates the fact that for most measurement applications, both static and dynamic torques will be involved to some degree. If dynamic torque is a major component of the overall torque or is the torque of interest, special considerations must be made when determining how best to measure it. | <urn:uuid:7e584480-c9d7-4240-b445-695a01167c63> | 2013-05-26T03:03:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Printed wiring board (PWB) interconnect inductance can make or break the performance of a power supply. A large interconnect inductance can raise the high-frequency impedance of a gate drive circuit, impacting efficiency, or it can degrade the effectiveness of filter capacitors. In this Power Tip, we examine some simple formulas for interconnect inductance in free space and over a ground plane. We will find that the ground plane significantly reduces trace inductance and is critical for optimal performance in power supplies.
The simplest trace to consider is a rectangular conductor in free space. A formula for its inductance is shown in Figure 1
. Note that the inductance is a strong function of length but has a logarithmic relationship to the width of the conductor. While the recommendation of making a conductor as wide as possible to reduce its inductance is substantiated by the expression, the benefit of wide conductors is diminished by the logarithm. This is clearly shown in the table, which contains some sample conductor widths and calculates the resulting inductance of a one-inch-long conductor. For instance, a 10 mil (0.25 mm), 2 oz (1.8 mil or 0.07 mm) conductor has an inductance of about 24 nH, if it is one-inch (25 mm) long. If its width is increased by 50 times, the inductance only drops by a factor of four due to the logarithm in the expression.
Click on image to enlarge.
Figure 1: Inductance of a free space conductor has a logarithmic relationship to width.
Ground planes in circuit boards are used to ease routing, minimize the ground voltage variation, provide electrical and magnetic shielding, control impedances, and to help cool the components. Additionally, they provide the opportunity to reduce the inductance of circuit conductors in the PWB. Figure 2
presents a simple formula for the calculation of a conductor over a ground plane. The expression shows linear relationships between inductance, conductor height over the plane and its length. So to a first order, minimizing the separation of the conductor and ground or increasing the conductor width lets you drive the inductance toward zero. The table presents some sample calculations that can be compared with Figure 1
. For instance, we found that a 0.10-inch-wide conductor in free space had an inductance of 14 nH per inch. That same conductor placed over a ground plane of a two-sided board (0.06 inches thick) would have 3 nH per inch. That is a 5:1 reduction in interconnect inductance, which translates into faster gate drives, more effective filtering capacitors and reduced circuit losses from proximity effects. The table also shows that with a six-layer board where the dielectric thickness is reduced to 0.01 inch, the inductance is reduced by another factor of six. Clearly, when routing boards, you will want to put your ground layers as close to the board surface as possible to minimize inductance connecting the components on the surface.
Click on image to enlarge.
Figure 2: Inductance of conductor over plane can be driven arbitrarily small.
To summarize, inductances of conductors on single-layer boards are high due to the lack of a ground-plane layer. This can be mitigated somewhat by routing conductor pairs together. However, ground planes offer the ability to make order of magnitude reductions in this stray inductance, which will result in lower impedance signal paths. This can provide improved efficiency with improved gate drives, better electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance due to improved filter performance, and lower crosstalk due to lower impedance nodes.
Please join us next month when we discuss a second look at snubbing the flyback converter.
For more information about this and other power solutions, visit: www.ti.com/power-ca
About the author
is a senior applications manager and distinguished member of technical staff at Texas Instruments. He has more than 30 years of experience in the power electronics business and has designed magnetics for power electronics ranging from sub-watt to sub-megawatt with operating frequencies into the megahertz range. Robert earned a BSEE from Texas A&M University and an MSEE from Southern Methodist University. | <urn:uuid:c36056ee-836f-4a52-a252-fcc35089a508> | 2013-05-26T03:03:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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EJI Wins New Trial for Alabama Death Row Prisoner Lameco Turner
The Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals on December 14 unanimously reversed Lameco Turner's capital murder conviction and death sentence because the Houston County District Attorney used illegal hearsay evidence to convict him.
Lameco Turner was convicted and sentenced to death for the 2004 shooting of a clerk at a Dothan convenience store during a robbery. Mr. Turner told police that he went to the convenience store with two other men to rob it and while he was holding a pistol, he accidentally fired it, hitting the clerk in the lower abdomen, and then ran out of the store. The defense argued at trial that Mr. Turner was not guilty of capital murder because he did not intend to shoot and kill the clerk.
The State admitted into evidence a recording of Mr. Turner's police interrogation, during which police officers stated that Mr. Turner's two accomplices told the police that Mr. Turner intended to shoot the clerk. One of the interrogating officers also testified that the police "knew [that the shooting] wasn't an accident from [the accomplices'] statement[s]." In closing argument to the jury, the prosecutor used the accomplices' statements to show that Mr. Turner intended to shoot the clerk.
On appeal, EJI argued that the State's use of the accomplices's out-of-court statements to law enforcement was inadmissible hearsay evidence that violated Mr. Turner's constitutional right to confront the witnesses against him.
The Court of Criminal Appeals agreed, finding that the State's use of the accomplices' statements during closing argument was illegal hearsay and was plain error because the illegal evidence had "an unfair prejudicial impact on the jury's deliberations." Because it was "the most damning evidence the State presented to show that Turner intended to kill," "struck at the heart of Turner's only defense and undoubtedly impacted the jury's deliberations," the court reversed Mr. Turner's conviction and death sentence. | <urn:uuid:e86085ec-9ea2-4fe1-afa9-2b4fc69453f2> | 2013-05-26T02:54:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Alison looked at
her broom. “I suppose I have to fly around tonight, like I'm supposed to
do. Who decided that witches had to fly around at night on their brooms?”
She sighed. “The moon is out. Time to go, but I'd much rather sit in front
of the fire and eat chocolate.”
She picked up her
broom and slipped it between her legs. “Magic broom, the moon is bright.
Magic broom we must go out tonight.” With that the broom shook from side
to side and flew out of the window, with Alison holding on.
The witch zoomed
back and forth across the moon, being careful not to bump into the other
witches who were out doing the same thing. She saw her friend, Diane.
“Diane, why do we have to do this every night? Who made up this rule that
witches have to fly around at night cackling and snarling?”
Diane rode her
broom along side of Alison. “It's fun. I love doing this. I died my hair a
darker shade of purple today just for this occasion. You look like you
need a touch up. Your skin is so pale. It hardly looks green at all. If
you ask me, Alison, you're not much of a witch.” Diane sneered and flew
toward the moon. Her cackles echoed across the midnight sky.
again. “Diane and the others might like this, but I don't. I'm going
home.” She flew down to her cottage and put the broom down. “I am tired of
flying.” She leaned against the broom, crossed her arms and watched a
snake slither by. “I'm going inside to sit in front of the fire and eat
two pieces of chocolate.” She leaned the broom against the door and went
inside. After taking off her boots and pointed hat, she threw some fire
powder into the fireplace. Hot flames burst forth, warming the chilled
house. She rummaged through her cupboards. “I've got bat's toes, lizard
tongues, mushroom caps and spider legs, but no chocolate.”
A heavy book sat
on the table. Alison glanced at it. “My Magic Spell Book.” She turned the
pages. “There must be a spell to conjure up chocolate.” She looked at one
page after another. “No spells for chocolate, but there is one for cheese.
I like cheese. Let's see what it says. 'Fly on your magic broom to the
moon. It is made of cheese!' The moon is made of cheese?” Alison went to
the window and peered out. She could see all the other witches flying
about. “I wonder.”
She put on her
hat, her boots and grabbed her broom. “Magic broom, the moon is bright.
Magic broom, we must go out tonight.” Without hesitation, the broom
whizzed out the window, heading straight for the moon.
When Alison came
closer to the other witches, she saw big chunks of cheese in their hands.
“So that's why we fly across the moon every night. Witches like cheese and
the moon is made of cheese. Now it all makes sense.” Alison flew right up
to the moon. She picked up a chunk of cheese and gobbled it down. “This is
good stuff. I like moon cheese.” All of a sudden Alison wanted to fly
every night. She wanted cheese, like all the other witches.
Never again did
Alison stay home and nibble chocolate and sit in front of the fire. As
soon as the moon came up, she was on her broom, heading for the moon! | <urn:uuid:78b0b51e-35e5-4b68-9686-f860e23f643a> | 2013-05-26T03:08:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mike: Well, you should do your legs because you should get a full body workout because if you just do one part of your body it affect the other parts of your body as well, so you need to be balanced.
Todd: OK, so I'm convinced. I'm gonna work on my legs. What's the most basic exercise I should do?
Mike: I think you should start off squatting. That's where you put... make sure you have a squat rack, and you put the bar behind your head on your shoulders and you just squat as if you are sitting on a bench and come back up.
Todd: Now often I see guys in the gym that do that. They have the big weight belt. Do I need to get a weight belt?
Mike: It would be good, that if you're just starting off to use the weight belt but once you get the motion I would advise you to to not use the weight belt so that it forces you to keep good posture yourself.
Todd: Now, when you do the squat, like how low should I go. Should I go until I'm almost sitting on the floor?
Mike: As is there was a bench underneath your.....
Todd: Right. Yeah, right. So basically, your legs and your knees should be about 90 degrees.
Todd: OK, so that's... that will work out all my legs? That's all I have to do is squats?
Mike: Yeah, that's probably the best one you can do.
Todd: OK, and that is for my calves and my hamstrings too?
Mike: Not your calves but for your hamstrings and your bottom.
Todd: OK. So what should I do for my calves?
Mike: You can do calf raises, which is... you can do it on a squat rack, and you just hold the bar in the same position as you would a squat and just raise your legs up on your toes.
Todd: OK, so in terms of how... of sets, like how many sets should I do of the squats?
Mike: I think you should start of with three sets.
Todd: Three sets.
Mike: The same as the other exercises.
Todd: And about ten reps?
Mike: And about ten reps, yes.
Todd: So do I always keep the weight constant? I don't have the weight go up or down?
Mike: Well, once you get used to the motion and the position that you're in, then you can start increasing the weights as you go.
Todd: OK, but I mean, each set should be the same weight.
Mike: Yeah, when you're starting off.
Todd: OK, yeah. And also just for the calves, just do three sets?
Mike: Yep, just do three sets.
Mike: Well, thanks a lot, Mike. I'm gonna get started.
It is OK if I just skip it?
When we 'skip' something, that means we decide not to do it, or maybe do it at a later time. Notice the following:
- I think I'll skip the company party tomorrow night.
- Let's skip dessert.
You should get a full body workout.
To 'work out' means to exercise. A 'full body workout' exercises all muscles in your body. Notice the following:
- A full body workout takes a lot of time.
- Instead of a full body work out, try upper body one day, legs the next.
It would be good if you're just starting off.
We use the phrase 'just starting off' to talk about starting a new job, hobby, etc. Notice the following:
- Go slow if you're just starting off.
- Are you just starting off?
Once you get the motion.
In an activity that requires us to move our body in a certain way, we use the phrase 'get the motion' after we have learned the correct way. Notice the following:
- It took only minutes for the dancers to get the motion.
- Once he got the motion, his tennis serve improved.
It forces you to keep good posture.
'Posture' is the way we position our body when we sit, stand, or in this case, exercise. Notice the following:
- Poor posture can cause back problems.
- He has good posture. | <urn:uuid:1b539469-ae80-402a-8a90-f2fb112977dd> | 2013-05-26T02:40:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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DSP Tricks: Interpolating a bandpass signalThere are many digital communications applications where a real signal is centered at one fourth the sample rate, or fs/4. This condition makes quadrature downconversion particularly simple.
In the event that you'd like to generate an interpolated (increased sample rate) version of the bandpass signal but maintain its fs/4 center frequency, there's an efficient way to do so.
Suppose we want to interpolate by a factor of two. So the output sample rate is twice the input sample rate, fs-out = 2fs-in. In this case the process is: quadrature downconversion by fs-in/4, interpolation factor of two, quadrature upconversion by fs-out/4, and then take only the real part of the complex upconverted sequence.
The implementation of this scheme is shown at the top of Figure 13-36 below.
|Figure 13-36. Bandpass signal interpolation scheme, and spectra.|
The sequences applied to the first multiplier in the top signal path are the real x(n) input and the repeating mixing sequence 1,0,-1,0. That mixing sequence is the real (or in-phase) part of the complex exponential
needed for quadrature downconversion by fs/4. Likewise, the repeating mixing sequence 0,-1,0,1 applied to the first multiplier in the bottom path is the imaginary (or quadrature phase) part of the complex downconversion exponential
The 2 symbol means insert one zero-valued sample between each signal at the A nodes. The final subtraction to obtain y(n) is how we extract the real part of the complex sequence at Node D. That is, we're extracting the real part of the product of the complex signal at Node C multiplied by
The shaded spectra indicate true spectral components, while the white spectra represent spectral replications. Of course, the same lowpass filter must be used in both processing paths to maintain the proper time delay and orthogonal phase relationships.
There are several additional issues worth considering regarding this interpolation process. If the amplitude loss, inherent in interpolation, of a factor of two is bothersome, we can make the final mixing sequences 2,0,-2,0, and 0,2,0,-2 to compensate for that loss.
Because there are so many zeros in the sequences at Node B (three-fourths of the samples), we should consider those efficient polyphase filters for the lowpass filtering.
Finally, if it's sensible in your implementation, consider replacing
the final adder with a multiplexer (because alternate samples of the
sequences at Node D are zeros). In this case, the mixing sequence in
the bottom path would be changed to 0,-1,0,1.
Used with the permission of the publisher, Prentice Hall, this on-going series of articles on Embedded.com is based on copyrighted material from "Understanding Digital Signal Processing, Second Edition" by Richard G. Lyons. The book can be purchased on line.
Richard Lyons is a consulting systems engineer and lecturer with Besser Associates. As a lecturer with Besser and an instructor for the University of California Santa Cruz Extension, Lyons has delivered digitasl signal processing seminars and training course at technical conferences as well at companies such as Motorola, Freescale, Lockheed Martin, Texas Instruments, Conexant, Northrop Grumman, Lucent, Nokia, Qualcomm, Honeywell, National Semiconductor, General Dynamics and Infinion.
Currently no items | <urn:uuid:4770568a-3e94-4c6e-9d33-369cc058ee42> | 2013-05-26T02:34:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Swollen Lymph Nodes
What are lymph nodes?
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands throughout the body. They are part of the lymphatic system, which carries fluid (lymph fluid), nutrients, and waste material between the body tissues and the bloodstream.
The lymphatic system is an important part of the immune system, the body's defense system against disease. The lymph nodes filter lymph fluid as it flows through them, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances, which are then destroyed by special white blood cells called lymphocytes.
Lymph nodes may be found singly or in groups. And they may be as small as the head of a pin or as large as an olive. Groups of lymph nodes can be felt in the neck, groin, and underarms. Lymph nodes generally are not tender or painful. Most lymph nodes in the body cannot be felt.
What causes swollen lymph nodes?
Lymph nodes often swell in one location when a problem such as an injury, infection, or tumor develops in or near the lymph node. Which lymph nodes are swollen can help identify the problem.
Common sites for swollen lymph nodes include the neck, groin, and underarms.
What does it mean when lymph nodes swell in two or more areas of the body?
When lymph nodes swell in two or more areas of the body, it is called generalized lymphadenopathy. This may be caused by:
How are swollen lymph nodes treated?
Treatment for swollen glands focuses on treating the cause. For example, a bacterial infection may be treated with antibiotics, while a viral infection often goes away on its own. If cancer is suspected, a biopsy may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Any swollen lymph nodes that don't go away or return to normal size over about a month should be checked by your doctor.
How long will lymph nodes remain swollen?
Lymph nodes may remain swollen or firm long after an initial infection is gone. This is especially true in children, whose glands may decrease in size while remaining firm and visible for many weeks.
eMedicineHealth Medical Reference from Healthwise
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
Find out what women really need.
Most Popular Topics
Pill Identifier on RxList
- quick, easy,
Find a Local Pharmacy
- including 24 hour, pharmacies | <urn:uuid:19b22ca7-e718-4cbc-8704-dc7313693a04> | 2013-05-26T03:03:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Department of Mathematics, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
Copyright © 2010 Yaw Kyei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We derive a family of sixth-order compact finite-difference schemes for the three-dimensional Poisson's equation. As opposed to other research regarding higher-order compact difference schemes, our approach includes consideration of the discretization of the source function on a compact finite-difference stencil. The schemes derived approximate the solution to Poisson's equation on a compact stencil, and thus the schemes can be easily implemented and resulting linear systems are solved in a high-performance computing environment. The resulting discretization is a one-parameter family of finite-difference schemes which may be further optimized for accuracy and stability. Computational experiments are implemented which illustrate the theoretically demonstrated truncation errors. | <urn:uuid:08f92afc-002b-4a33-9b6c-9b2402db0cfe> | 2013-05-26T02:56:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Biography All Music Guide
All Music Guide:
One of a handful of musicians who can be said to have permanently changed jazz, Charlie Parker was arguably the greatest saxophonist of all time. He could play remarkably fast lines that, if slowed down to half speed, would reveal that every note made sense. "Bird," along with his contemporaries Dizzy Gillespie and Bud Powell, is considered a founder of bebop; in reality he was an intuitive player who simply was expressing himself. Rather than basing his improvisations closely on the melody as was done in swing, he was a master of chordal improvising, creating new melodies that were based on the structure of a song. In fact, Bird wrote several future standards (such as "Anthropology," "Ornithology," "Scrapple from the Apple," and "Ko Ko," along with such blues numbers as "Now's the Time" and "Parker's Mood") that "borrowed" and modernized the chord structures of older tunes. Parker's remarkable technique, fairly original sound, and ability to come up with harmonically advanced phrases that could be both logical and whimsical were highly influential. By 1950, it was impossible to play "modern jazz" with credibility without closely studying Charlie Parker.
Born in Kansas City, KS, Charlie Parker grew up in Kansas City, MO. He first played baritone horn before switching to alto. Parker was so enamored of the rich Kansas City music scene that he dropped out of school when he was 14, even though his musicianship at that point was questionable (with his ideas coming out faster than his fingers could play them). After a few humiliations at jam sessions, Bird worked hard woodshedding over one summer, building up his technique and mastery of the fundamentals. By 1937, when he first joined Jay McShann's Orchestra, he was already a long way toward becoming a major player.
Charlie Parker, who was early on influenced by Lester Young and the sound of Buster Smith, visited New York for the first time in 1939, working as a dishwasher at one point so he could hear Art Tatum play on a nightly basis. He made his recording debut with Jay McShann in 1940, creating remarkable solos with a small group from McShann's orchestra on "Oh, Lady Be Good" and "Honeysuckle Rose." When the McShann big band arrived in New York in 1941, Parker had short solos on a few of their studio blues records, and his broadcasts with the orchestra greatly impressed (and sometimes scared) other musicians who had never heard his ideas before. Parker, who had met and jammed with Dizzy Gillespie for the first time in 1940, had a short stint with Noble Sissle's band in 1942, played tenor with Earl Hines' sadly unrecorded bop band of 1943, and spent a few months in 1944 with Billy Eckstine's orchestra, leaving before that group made their first records. Gillespie was also in the Hines and Eckstine big bands, and the duo became a team starting in late 1944.
Although Charlie Parker recorded with Tiny Grimes' combo in 1944, it was his collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie in 1945 that startled the jazz world. To hear the two virtuosos play rapid unisons on such new songs as "Groovin' High," "Dizzy Atmosphere," "Shaw 'Nuff," "Salt Peanuts," and "Hot House," and then launch into fiery and unpredictable solos could be an upsetting experience for listeners much more familiar with Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman. Although the new music was evolutionary rather than revolutionary, the recording strike of 1943-1944 resulted in bebop arriving fully formed on records, seemingly out of nowhere.
Unfortunately, Charlie Parker was a heroin addict ever since he was a teenager, and some other musicians who idolized Bird foolishly took up drugs in the hope that it would elevate their playing to his level. When Gillespie and Parker (known as "Diz and Bird") traveled to Los Angeles and were met with a mixture of hostility and indifference (except by younger musicians who listened closely), they decided to return to New York. Impulsively, Parker cashed in his ticket, ended up staying in L.A., and, after some recordings and performances (including a classic version of "Oh, Lady Be Good" with Jazz at the Philharmonic), the lack of drugs (which he combated by drinking an excess of liquor) resulted in a mental breakdown and six months of confinement at the Camarillo State Hospital. Released in January 1947, Parker soon headed back to New York and engaged in some of the most rewarding playing of his career, leading a quintet that included Miles Davis, Duke Jordan, Tommy Potter, and Max Roach. Parker, who recorded simultaneously for the Savoy and Dial labels, was in peak form during the 1947-1951 period, visiting Europe in 1949 and 1950, and realizing a lifelong dream to record with strings starting in 1949 when he switched to Norman Granz's Verve label.
But Charlie Parker, due to his drug addiction and chance-taking personality, enjoyed playing with fire too much. In 1951, his cabaret license was revoked in New York (making it difficult for him to play in clubs) and he became increasingly unreliable. Although he could still play at his best when he was inspired (such as at the 1953 Massey Hall concert with Gillespie), Bird was heading downhill. In 1954, he twice attempted suicide before spending time in Bellevue. His health, shaken by a very full if brief life of excesses, gradually declined, and when he died in March 1955 at the age of 34, he could have passed for 64.
Charlie Parker, who was a legendary figure during his lifetime, has if anything grown in stature since his death. Virtually all of his studio recordings are available on CD along with a countless number of radio broadcasts and club appearances. Clint Eastwood put together a well-intentioned if simplified movie about aspects of his life (Bird). Parker's influence, after the rise of John Coltrane, has become more indirect than direct, but jazz would sound a great deal different if Charlie Parker had not existed. The phrase "Bird Lives" (which was scrawled as graffiti after his death) is still very true. | <urn:uuid:1af7111e-37be-4ff0-9fce-6597f20f4b48> | 2013-05-26T03:11:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ethnic groups of GabonDespite Gabon's small population (just over a million), they are home to many different Bantu tribes and a small pygmy population.
Here is a partial list of the ethnic groups of Gabon by province.
|Table of contents|
2 Haut Ogooué
3 Moyen Ogooué
9 Woleu Ntem | <urn:uuid:8d2da35f-446a-4616-b1b5-eede958ca475> | 2013-05-26T02:49:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mary Stuart (Maria Stuarda) synopsis
Music by Gaetano Donizetti
Libretto by Giuseppe Bardari after Schiller
First performed: 1835
(n/a) Scene 1 The Palace of Westminster It is a day of revelry at the court of the young Elizabeth. The courtiers are celebrating in anticipation of the queen’s decision to accept the marriage proposal of the King of France. Elizabeth arrives and announces her inclination to accept the proposal; however, she loves Leicester, and in private confesses that her freedom to love as an individual conflicts with her public duty as a sovereign. Talbot and the courtiers plead for mercy for the imprisoned Mary Stuart, but Elizabeth angrily cuts them short. Cecil, who wants Mary executed, urges Elizabeth to come to a decision about her. The queen declares that should Mary pose a threat to her then she would not hesitate to act. When he arrives at court, Leicester is ordered by Elizabeth to take a ring to the King of France as a token of her provisional acceptance of the marriage proposal. Annoyed by his indifference to this news, the queen departs. Talbot hands Leicester a portrait and a letter from Mary in which she asks for his help. Leicester’s love and sympathy for Mary are reawakened. He vows to champion her cause, despite Talbot’s warnings of the dangers involved. Elizabeth returns and confronts Leicester, suspecting that he has had a message from Mary. He persuades her to meet Mary face to face. Scene 2 The grounds of Fotheringhay Castle Leicester has contrived that Mary be temporarily released from her confinement so that she may ‘inadvertently’ meet Elizabeth. Mary is innocently walking with her companion Hannah Kennedy in the grounds of the castle, where the beauties of the natural world remind her of her early life in France. The sounds of the royal hunt are heard and Mary realizes that Elizabeth is close by. Leicester arrives to prepare her for her meeting with Elizabeth; he asks her to be submissive before the English queen, but Mary is both resentful and afraid. Mary rushes off before Elizabeth, Cecil and the hunting party approach, but is later brought back into Elizabeth’s presence by Talbot. The two queens meet for the first time. Elizabeth is infuriated by Mary’s demeanour and, although Mary is humble and pleads for mercy, Elizabeth is scornful and haughty, accusing Mary of treachery and murder. Mary can take no more of these insults and turns on Elizabeth, denouncing her as the bastard daughter of Anne Boleyn. Furious, Elizabeth summons the guards to return Mary to custody and swears to be avenged.
(n/a) Sixteen years have passed Scene 1 Elizabeth’s private chamber Cecil tries to persuade Elizabeth to sign Mary’s death warrant. She eventually does so, ignoring Leicester’s final pleas for Mary to be spared. He upbraids Elizabeth for her cruelty and jealousy when she refuses to reconsider. Elizabeth orders Leicester to witness the execution. Scene 2 Fotheringhay Castle Cecil delivers the death warrant to Mary. Left alone with Talbot, she becomes distraught, imagining ghosts from her past. Talbot, however, urges her to place her trust in God, confess her sins, and prepare to face the inevitable. Scene 3 The courtyard of Fotheringhay Castle A crowd has gathered to witness Mary’s execution. She enters and asks her faithful companions to join her in praying for forgiveness. A cannon shot is heard and Cecil announces that the moment of execution draws near. Mary forgives Elizabeth. Leicester enters in a state of agitation, but is unable to help Mary. As a second cannon shot is heard, Mary takes her final farewells and prays for the welfare of England. She is led towards her executioner.
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Join now to receive priority booking, invitations to dress rehearsals and members-only events and much more. | <urn:uuid:c4292207-2992-476a-b1e5-c0f748869175> | 2013-05-26T03:03:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Autonomic Nervous System - Tags - sensory input
Tips for Getting a Great Answer Fast
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- What happens when the autonomic nervous system detects mismatches between sensory inputs?
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Top TagsSee all » | <urn:uuid:fc9c1b22-a89c-436b-bc72-b076b6a84254> | 2013-05-26T02:42:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Share your documents with thousands of students and teachers!
- Why does Dante put the virtuous pagans and babies in Limbo? Did that go against the medieval church's teachings?
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Test Your Knowledge | <urn:uuid:fb60a26a-cf55-4ebb-ad77-2701f4832adf> | 2013-05-26T03:10:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Rated Show Oct 1, 2005
by the Epinions community
Pros: Cheap, durable, great sound.
Cons: None I can think of.
Summary: After my last sub developed an annoying rattle, I started looking around for a replacement sub. I looked at various sites to see what sort of reviews I could find on a decent 10" sub for under $100. I found this sub for $59 and most all of the reviews | <urn:uuid:d36fb975-076f-4cd4-9bae-dcca80ee40d0> | 2013-05-26T03:10:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Prize money US$25,000
The grand prize winner of the Eppendorf and Science Prize for Neurobiology is selected along with up to three finalists by an independent board of scientists that is chaired by Science's senior Editor, Dr. Peter Stern. The winner is awarded US$25,000. This is a personal gift. The grand prize winner's essay is published in Science and on Science Online. Furthermore, the winner receives a free, five-year subscription to Science and Science Online and US$1,000 in free Eppendorf products.
The award is announced and presented at a ceremony in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. Eppendorf provides full support for the grand prize winner to attend this event. The winner is also invited for a later trip to Hamburg to visit Eppendorf.
The finalists also receive full support to attend the prize ceremony and receive free Eppendorf products worth US$1,000 and a year's subscription to Science and Science Online. The finalist essays are published on Science Online. | <urn:uuid:1adc2403-81f6-4af1-8fa8-518bd0f630c3> | 2013-05-26T02:48:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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It's been said that the quest for sanity and truth is the noblest occupation of man, but there are dragons lurking in the Dark Forests of Politics. And the names of these dragons are "Juvenile" and "Deliberate Distortion" and "Sheer, Wrongheaded Idiocy." We have in recent times bravely sallied forth to do battle with these dragons while we try to maintain our great country. It is with deepest regret that I must inform you...
The dragons won.
I am seriously reconsidering my future here in India. I am doing so because over the last few weeks I have become increasingly disillusioned and frustrated with the incessant and overly juvenile mud slinging.
I am all for pointing out flaws and mentioning mistakes made in the past by certain people or parties... but then the discussion inevitably degenerates towards the classic kindergarten conversation between two angry children:
Angry Child One: You made a mistake!
Angry Child Two: Maybe but you did this!
Angry Child One: I did not!
Angry Child Two: You did!
Angry Child One: JERK!
Angry Child Two: LOSER!
And so on and so forth, I am sure that by now you have gained the general idea.
My brothers and sisters, I am here today begging you to PLEASE GROW UP! I have been completely and thoroughly DISGUSTED with the manner in which we have treated many of our own. I thought we had learned something with the Sarfarosh saga. It has become apparent we have not.
I sincerely hope that everyone takes heed of this. If, brothers and sisters, this scenario carries on for too much longer I am leaving. And this time? I won't be coming back.
PLEASE... I mean PLEASE... RESTORE THE OLD SANITY TO INDIA!!!!!!
Was ist das?Dieser Artikel wurde von einem Bürger von eRepublik, einem interaktiven Mehrspieler-Strategiespiel auf Basis real existierender Länder, geschrieben. Erstelle einen eigenen Charakter und verhilf deinem Land als Kriegsheld, anerkannter Zeitungsherausgeber oder einflussreicher Finanzmann zu Glanz und Gloria. | <urn:uuid:09c85f01-9187-4ec7-8be4-f353f82fb7c2> | 2013-05-26T02:36:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I<3ChocolateMilk wrote:Plus...their Foolamancer wasn't even in the capital. Wanda arranged that, too. We captured him when we razed their other two cities. Pretty neat package, right?
So, I'm curious how exactly Wanda went about arranging this particular double-bluff, or if there even was any "arranging" on Wanda's part.
We know that Faq operated on Jack veiling each of the 3 Faq cities, as determined by predictamancer.
This would suggest a few duplicities.
If this caster unit could determine which cities Jack was meant to veil turn by turn then it would certainly have been aware of the approaching dwagon army. The predictamancer would have had to have been in on it, or would at least have known and not cared enough to alert Banhammer.
Was there even an actual other threat more important than the one Faq was about to face that turn, and if there was, how was it orchestrated to fit into Wanda's plan so perfectly?
Does this mean that Wanda and this predictamancer are working hand in hand, or does it mean that Wanda (and the rest of Erfworld) is getting played by this predictamancer? And if it is the latter, how far back does the treachery stretch?
Or, and I'm not pandering to the Charlescomm suspicions here, is someone with masterclass thinkamancy manipulating others, i.e. the predictamancer in this case, to take specific actions to bring about their...actually, I'm halfway through this sentence and it sounds like I am suggesting it's Charlescomm. I'm really not, though. or I might be. But that's why speculation is fun. Bring on the grand reveal!
Well part of the problem is that we don't know exactly how predictamancy works... there could be limitations
For instance, when it comes to long term Predictions, the predictamancer can only provide a answer, but not the how's and whys... he knew Wanda would attune to an arkentool, but could not say when, which one, or how she would... he also did predict that Faq would fall, but could not clarify how or when...
As for short term predictions... it could be that the predictamancer may be able to "see" units in the field and see where they can go in the next turn, and thus "predicts" what is the most likely course of action; it's almost like he's just using logic to make predictions. It could be like the predictamancer needs a certain bit of info to make a prediction. As such a reason why he might have been unable to predict the dwagon attack could be because he did not take into account the possibility of Wanda's "betrayal"... afterall, if stanely does not know about Faq, then it's impossible for him to attack... Again, it's all hard to say since we don't know what predictamancers can do exactly
As for Jack... its possible that maybe Wanda lied to Jack, telling him that the predictamancer told her to tell him to go veil one of the other cities... she may have thought that stanely might have thought twice before attacking a city that was under a massive veil... | <urn:uuid:69c114e0-5963-47cb-8213-c6173a01b28b> | 2013-05-26T03:05:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Test of Phonological Awareness (TOPA) was developed to help identify children who are delayed in their development of phonological awareness. Research supports the theory that children with poor phonological awareness are at risk of later reading difficulties. Children who score in the bottom quartile of the TOPA are considered to be at risk for reading difficulties. There are two versions of the TOPA, one for kindergarten and one for early elementary school. Both are made up of two 10-question subtests with pictures used to represent words. The quality of the items appears to be adequate for screening for awareness of phonemes, and the test appears easy to administer. The TOPA yields raw scores, percentiles, and standard scores. Scores are sensitive to the time of the school year the test is administered for the kindergarten version. The normative sample was carefully selected. Norms for the kindergarten TOPA were made up from responses of 875 children from 10 states, while those for the early elementary version are from 3,654 children from 38 states. Coefficient alpha, based on 100 children at each age level, was 0.90 for kindergarten and 0.88 for early elementary, results that support the internal consistency of the TOPA. Overall, the TOPA has many strengths, including a large and representative normative sample. This does not mean that all school districts will relate to the instrument's norms. One suggestion for improvement would be to prepare local norms. Another issue of concern is the clarity of pronunciation and dialect of the administrator. The TOPA-Early Elementary correlated well with subtests from the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test. Correlations with other measures designed to measure phonological awareness were moderate for the kindergarten version and moderate to high for the early elementary version. It is concluded that the TOPA has potential for identifying children at risk for reading difficulties, and due to the ease of administration and the short time required, it can be used as a screening device. (Contains three references.) (SLD)
Paper presented at the Education Research Exchange (College Station, TX, February 7, 1998). | <urn:uuid:85fc7021-d1b1-4c0f-9f17-f205779f6e5b> | 2013-05-26T02:41:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Gummy Bear Romp
"The Gummy Bear Romp"
Levels: Low to Intermediate
Applications: Review or introduce 1.Colours.
2.Animals and/or objects vocabulary
3.Interrogatives:"Do you want...?"
"Do you have...?"
4.Responses: "Yes, I do"
"No, I don't"
"I don't have..." etc.
Supplies needed: 1.A bag of gummy bears or two.
2.A good picture dictionary or pictures of animals
or other objects.
Optimum group size: 1 - 30
Variations: Limited only by your imagination.
This particular activity can be adapted to almost any environment.
Start the activity with a bag of gummy bears. You'll probably find that each bag of candy has maybe 4 or 5 different colours. Depending on class size, you might want to form several groups.
1. Start off by making sure that everyone knows what a bear is and by showing the various colours of candy bears that you have; (usually red, yellow, green, white and orange). Begin by asking a student if he/she would like a particular colour of candy bear which you have.
ie"Do you want a red candy bear?"
Response will be either, "Yes I do" or "No, I want a (different colour) candy bear please". Of course, give them what they asked for.
Continue this process until each student has a candy bear.
2. Next, redo the questioning but this time, introduce colours which you don't actually have ie"Do you want a purple candy bear?"
Possible responses: "No, I want a red candy bear" or
"Yes I do" to which you respond
"I don't have a purple candy bear. What do
3.Continue with the questioning and alter as many variables as you wish which will stimulate an ongoing give and take dialogue.
Possible scenario: Teacher: Do you want a green elephant candy?
Student: No, I don't. I want a blue octopus candy.
Teacher: I'm sorry, I don't have a blue octopus
candy. What do you want?
Student: You don't have a blue octopus candy?
Teacher: No, I'm sorry I don't. What do you want?
Student: I want a pink worm candy.
Teacher: I'm sorry, I don't have a pink worm
candy. What do you want?
4. Once the students get the idea of the activity, they can take turns asking and answering the questions of the teacher or of other students.
You'll probably find that this activity works best with a picture dictionary which the kids can peruse while asking the various questions. This way, they encounter new words and get the chance to use them in conversation albeit in a fun and silly way. For example:
Student A: Do you want an orange gorilla candy?
Student B: No I want a purple underwear candy.
And so on.
Anyhow, have fun with it. Any ideas you may have on this one would be greatly appreciated.
World's Best Jobs!
Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2008 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:e9e70e85-d1dd-4976-95db-c1a36de2063a> | 2013-05-26T03:10:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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When Pope Benedict XVI steps down in a couple weeks, he'll lose his infallibility, thus joining the rest of us on common Earth who have only ourselves to fix the stupid shit we say. (Technically, Ratzinger has never spoken infallibly. To do so, he needs to be defining the "faith or morals to be held by the whole Church." He's never technically done that.) Luckily, we've got a good deal of experience with fallibility. So here's some much-needed advice for Mr. Ratzinger, and a reminder for everyone else, too.
And be generous:
"I even wrote a check for $1,000 to a millionaire philanthropist who'd done great things for Richmond. People don't appreciate it when a wealthy person gives money. They'll say his generosity is a tax dodge. I say, as a human, he should be appreciated. You know what that millionaire did? He photocopied my check, framed it, and hung it on his wall. Then he sent the check back to me so I could give it to an elderly woman who was having a hard time."
But curse less. (If you curse at all.)
Say "thank you." And show that it's heartfelt.
Still give advice. But only after you earn the right:
"A while ago, a mother and her child were shot and killed in Texas. They were shot by the mother's boyfriend after he found out that she had decided to go back to her husband, who she'd been separated from. Afterward, the husband came to me in tears. He asked, How can I get through this? What should I do? There was nothing I could tell him... So instead of giving advice, I told him, Why don't you come before the church a month from now and tell people how you made it through the month? Let us learn from you."
But admit mistakes. Because "Hell only exists on earth, when you've made mistakes and you're paying for them." | <urn:uuid:0288d384-2cab-4b97-9f3d-4652476e9f7c> | 2013-05-26T02:45:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Electric and Gas Data Models
Esri has developed three different data models for electric and gas utility users. Our data models serve as foundational templates that you can use to build utilities applications using ArcGIS.
You're invited to collaborate on these data models so that all users can benefit from your project experience and knowledge:
- Energy Utilities—These data models are general purpose models for electric and gas utilities.
- MultiSpeak—This data model conforms to the MultiSpeak interface created by the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA).
- Pipeline—This data model helps pipeline users migrate their projects into ArcGIS and can be used as a common data model for pipeline users. | <urn:uuid:c9803c52-e817-4c8d-a3f9-8747491030f6> | 2013-05-26T02:50:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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When I was in high school, I sometimes taught at the children's horse camps at a stable near to my home in exchange for lessons from one of the resident instructors. The stable had a herd of lesson horses, which lived in a big field behind the main barn. They were mostly on the elderly side, and one of them, Patches, was the stalwart seen-it-all, done-it-all old gelding that most lesson stables keep around to teach the youngest kids to ride. He was gentle, tolerant, and completely bombproof.
However, ol' Patches had apparently been a stallion up until he was around six years old (goodness knows why, he wasn't anything particularly special in the way of conformation, talent or bloodlines, but I digress). If you geld a horse after a certain age, they'll often retain certain stud behaviors, even in the absence of a testosterone source. Now Patches had been separated from his testosterone sources at least 16 years prior, but somewhere in the dim recesses of his memory he knew he was supposed to be interested in mares. His way of expressing this interest was to maintain a small harem of mares, which he jealously guarded from the other geldings in the herd (none of whom could have possibly cared less), but seemed to have no idea what to do with them (which was probably a good thing. The mares were all old and would probably not have approved). You'd often see him in the field, hanging out with his girls, looking as though he knew he was missing something, but what? What was he forgetting? | <urn:uuid:6e1e584f-40de-43d6-9786-37cc149db35b> | 2013-05-26T02:56:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"This might be different because these things might have flown at the time the movie was made, but not today. In "The Breakfast Club," Andrew (the jock) tapes a very hairy student's rear end together. It's mentioned that when they took the tape off the skin came with it. These days, he probably would have had assault charges brought against him, and his punishment at school would have been much more severe than just Saturday detention. Also, Brian (the nerd) brings a gun to school. It's either a flare gun or pellet gun, I can't remember, but today he would have been expelled."
This is definitely a sign of the times. The type of bullying that Andrew got detention for really did happen in those days and the much stronger rules about bullying that exist today are in no small part due to this. Brian bringing a flare gun to school also falls into this category. Back when the movie was released, such an offense would have warranted detention even though these days it would be considered much worse.
Nikko-chan, I have to say that the scene you described doesn't really bother me at all. In my opinion, calling the cops on Dr. Chase for something like that would reach too far, because the circumstances just don't come together to make it anything squicky. The girl wasn't being exploited or tricked, Dr. Chase was quite obviously not doing it for any prurient reason and it was a quick kiss, not a passionate "movie star" sort of thing. While I understand why it might bother some, I can't say it struck me badly. | <urn:uuid:14b788df-32db-41ea-8496-8204c797e743> | 2013-05-26T03:10:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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So what to say? (also is it *really* that bad to have fast food once a month?)
I work with a registered dietician who completely backs you up, if that helps (and I didn't even have to ask--she has said so many times on her own). If the rest of your diet is healthy, then occasional fast food (especially if you order wisely and in moderation) will not make you unhealthy, nor will it make you gain weight.
Your friend, on the other hand, does
sound kind of unhealthy--maybe this is some kind of competition thing?
"I like having lunch with you, but when you say those things, it really
bothers me. I've already explained my reasoning to you, and so I feel that you don't respect my ability to think my choices through. Can we agree to disagree, or should I stop seeing you at mealtimes?"
"You seem preoccupied with food and fat. It must be scary to think that certain types of food might make you hugely fat all at once. Have you considered talking to a professional about this?" (This may sound snarky but it's not. Her comments send up legitimate red flags.)
"Want some?" then chase her around with it until you've burned the calories she thinks you've ingested.
Okay, maybe just try the first two. | <urn:uuid:9cbc3290-960d-4aae-aab4-32041f7fa02d> | 2013-05-26T02:36:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese, former Workshop on Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language - PROPOR - is the main event in the area of Natural Language Processing that is focused on Portuguese and the theoretical and technological issues related to this specific language.
The meeting has been a very rich forum for the interchange of ideas and partnerships for the research communities dedicated to the automated processing of the Portuguese language. PROPOR brings together research groups in the area, promoting the development of methodologies, linguistic resources and projects that can be shared among all researchers and practitioners in the field.
PROPOR, a tri- or bi-anual event, is hosted in Brazil and in Portugal . The meetings have been held in Lisbon, PT (1993); Curitiba, BR (1996); Porto Alegre, BR (1998); Évora, PT (1999); Atibaia, BR (2000); Faro, PT (2003); Itatiaia, BR (2006) ; Aveiro, PT (2008) and Porto Alegre, BR (2010). | <urn:uuid:5275b81c-7a4c-46eb-ac58-c7b62b4dce81> | 2013-05-26T02:48:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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What is Azithromycin ophthalmic?
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that fights bacteria.
Azithromycin ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat eye infections caused by bacteria.
Azithromycin ophthalmic may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
In This Section:
What is the most important information I should know about Azithromycin ophthalmic?
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to azithromycin.
Do not use this medication while wearing contact lenses. Azithromycin ophthalmic may contain a preservative that can discolor soft contact lenses. Wait at least 15 minutes after using azithromycin ophthalmic before putting your contact lenses in.
You should not wear contact lenses while you still have active symptoms of the eye infection you are treating.
Use this medication for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared.
Serious side effects of azithromycin ophthalmic may include eye drainage or crusting, severe eye irritation, feeling like there is something in your eye, watery eyes, increased light sensitivity, eye redness or swelling, any signs of new infection.
Although the risk of serious side effects is low when azithromycin ophthalmic is used in the eyes, side effects can occur if the medicine is absorbed into your bloodstream. Stop using the medicine and get emergency medical help if you have any signs of a severe skin reaction, such as fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Azithromycin ophthalmic?
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to azithromycin (Zithromax).
FDA pregnancy category B. Azithromycin ophthalmic is not expected to harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
It is not known whether azithromycin ophthalmic passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How much does Azithromycin ophthalmic cost?
What conditions might Azithromycin ophthalmic treat?
|No information available|
Copyright 1996-2013 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 2.01. Revision date: 2011-07-07.
Recent Drug Ratings
- Lotrel for Hypertension
- Atenolol for Hypertension
- Atripla for HIV
- Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir for HIV Infection
- Xalkori for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Paclitaxel for Breast Cancer
- Tab-A-Vite WeightSlim for Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation
- V-Cof for Allergic Rhinitis
- Paclitaxel for Bladder cancer
- Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu & Sore Throat for Influenza | <urn:uuid:5915ab15-b6a0-48e6-8390-4390e0defa3e> | 2013-05-26T02:51:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NORWICH Ė Thanks to the concerted efforts of Pet Street Station Animal Hospital and the Patriot Guard Riders (PGR), the life of a treasured friend was saved last December.
After three tours of duty in Iraq and two in Afghanistan, Army Sgt. Joyce Gibbons returned to an empty home. All that remained of her previous life was her closest friend, a Jack Russell named Squeakers.
ďNo matter how I felt or what was going on, he always made me smile,Ē she said.
On Dec. 3, Squeakers was admitted to Pet Street Station, severely dehydrated and unresponsive.
ďThe chance of not having him in my life gave me the worst feeling I have ever had,Ē said Gibbons. Iíve been in fire fights in multiple third world countries while deployed, Iíve been bombed, and blown up. But this had me more scared than what was going on there.Ē | <urn:uuid:c3271ee9-a93f-4026-955a-aef6d11560d0> | 2013-05-26T03:10:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Evolution Deceit
Excerpt from Mr. Adnan Oktar's Live Interview on Kackar TV dated February 4th, 2011
That is favor from Allah. Allah suffices as a Knower.You who have faith! take all necessary precautions, then go out to fight in separate groups or go out as one body.
What does this mean? It means the Unity of Islam. To whom does Allah address? He addresses to one single group of Muslims. As a group, there is only one group.
You, who have faith,
Allah does not say "you who are Hanafis, you who are Shafiis, you Alewites, you Bektashis, you Shia, you Jaferites. " What does He say; "You who have faith." Allah accepts them as one single group, only one.
… take all necessary precautions.
How can you take precautions? You read books, you make scientific research, you improve yourself in art and science but with the aim of faith, with the aim of serving the Quran, you turn into an amazing power. You establish a television channel, you establish a radio channel, you improve your means; all these are precautions.
... take all necessary precautions, then go out to fight in separate groups.
For instance you go and work on a television channel, the other works on books and the other Works on a radio or Allah says;
... or go out as one body"
I mean while a part of them are busy making Money, the others preach religion, some engage in scientific research, right? But sometimes says Allah "go out as one body." So He says go altogether, go in unison. Now, “You, who have faith, go out as one body.” What is this? This is the Unity of Islam; Turkish-Islamic Union. Some say; "Where is the system of the Mahdi in the Qur'an?" There you are, here it is. You can take it from here.
Look how Almighty Allah warns the ones who are crooks; Among you there are people who hang back.
Would the man hang back if there were something compliant with his interests? He is hanging back.
... but the distance was too great for them.(Surat an-Nisa, 70-71)
It was too difficult for them so there are some who hang back.2011-05-27 10:31:32 | <urn:uuid:20404617-0462-4ebd-9682-3bb7d740cd5a> | 2013-05-26T02:41:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Last week, I wrote a blog that generated some conversation -- good and bad. The basis behind my post was that I had some questions about TNA that I needed answered. Some of the readers gave me what they thought to the answers and others called me a "mark." Reason being? I said I was a WWE guy.
So, I decided to take some advice and expand my wrestling horizons. I wanted to
Let me get this out of the way: I'm a WWE guy. Always have been. Which is what leads me to having a multitude of questions about TNA. I've followed the product enough over the years to gain some sort of knowledge about what's going on over at TNA but I'm not what some would call "die hard."
There was a point where I did follow TNA for few months. Of course, I still remained
This is my first blog post on the eWrestlingNews website. I saw a post where a site administrator wanted more bloggers, so I decided to help. I would like to post once or twice a week and I'm hoping my columns will generate some sort of conversation, whether it be good or bad.
Does anyone remember the New Generation era in WWE? It was during the mid-1990s, the last time the WWE would | <urn:uuid:42a69d58-b65c-4f22-a4c0-d972b1c6bc4a> | 2013-05-26T02:49:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Throughout the annals of recorded history Mother Nature has periodically "given birth" to monstrous disasters that have totally humbled Earth's inhabitants. Surrounded by human suffering and pain, the living are often dropped to their knees just moments before their own demise occurs.
Connected almost telepathically, the religious and the non-religious in total synchronicity look up towards the heavens as ask aloud, "Why?"
Two years and six days after Japan's worst Earthquake in one hundred years spawned a massive life ending Tsunami that spawned a nuclear disaster, the Japanese are still asking "Why us?".
Although the Japanese are recovering, rebuilding and repopulating, the legendary courage / psyche of the descendants of the Samurai is still heavily scarred with memories that to some, appeared to be "the end of the world".
Today's article reflects on Japan's catastrophic event as if it happened yesterday. As we stop to contemplate the destructiveness of an "Angry Mother Nature", let us pause to think about the continuous plight of Haitians as they too recover from an earthquake that caused death of biblical proportions. To our friends in both Japan and Haiti you are not forgotten.
In the News.....
March 11, 2011
At 2:46 pm local time, northeast Japan was rocked by its strongest recorded earthquake in history. The 8.9-magnitude monster temblor created destruction and terror as it tore across Japanese farmland and towns, ripping concrete apart like paper mache. The violent earthquake was felt 81 miles away in the streets of Tokyo, causing instant fear and chaos.
For most of the 12.9 million people that call Tokyo home, the sheer shock of the earthquake generated unbridled thoughts of "this is it, this is the end of my world", as individuals in shock witnessed shaking buildings, cracking streets and spontaneous fires that were ignited by sparks that were born from broken gas and power lines.
The earth's latest violent convulsion originated some six miles deep in the Pacific Ocean, approximately 78 miles off of Japan's northeast coast, violently unleashing a tsunami as high as 33 feet, (10 meters) completely engulfing towns located along the northern coast. Video reveals coastal towns being obliterated in seconds by the force of the tsunami waters.
As of 11:30 pm EST at least 1000 people have perished from both the catastrophic earthquake and from the monstrous 33-foot wave that has transformed Japan's northeast coast into a watery graveyard that's cluttered with the debris of broken buildings and automobiles.
State broadcaster NHK Television showed footage of waves sweeping away buildings and vehicles as far as five miles inland. Airports are closed and bullet train services have been suspended indefinitely. More than 4 million homes are without power according to a spokesperson from Tokyo's Electric Power Incorporated.
“Major damage occurred in the Tohoku area” north of Tokyo, Prime Minister Naoto Kan said in a nationally televised address after convening an emergency response team. “I call on citizens to act calmly. Especially those who are near a beach, please evacuate to higher ground to avoid the tsunami.”
The world’s strongest earthquake in more than six years struck at 2:46 p.m. local time 130 kilometers (81 miles) off the coast of Sendai, north of Tokyo, at a depth of 24 kilometers, the U.S. Geological Survey said. It was swiftly followed by several 7.1- magnitude aftershocks the agency said.
The Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea were among more than 20 countries that braced for their own tsunamis the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center said. Hawaii, fully aware of the oncoming wall of water came under Tsunami watch, warning residents of the islands to move to the safety of higher ground. Effects of the Tsunami were felt on Alaska's coastline and the United States Pacific Northwest states.
Prime Minister Kan in response to the catastrophe has ordered the army to assist in ongoing rescue efforts. “The Self-Defense Forces are already mobilized in various places,” Kan said.
Boats from the Sea of Japan propelled by the force of the monstrous tidal wave smashed into inland buildings, sweeping up tons of projectile debris and automobiles.
Adding to the mayhem, an oil refinery on fire outside Tokyo exploded, sending plumes of black toxic smoke in the air. A nearby nuclear power station was shut down as a precaution. Indeed, the nuclear facility which is located in Fukushima, Japan is currently attempting to vent radioactive vapor in order to reduce pressure in it's nuclear reactor.
Allowing overheating would cause water that covers the fuel to evaporate and “you could uncover the fuel eventually,” causing a meltdown, said Jim Malone, chief nuclear fuel development officer for Lightbridge Corp. (LTBR), the McLean, Virginia-based developer and consultant on atomic fuel.
Lack of adequate cooling for a reactor may cause a core meltdown, the most dangerous kind of nuclear power accident, according to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
A meltdown poses the threat of a breach in a reactor’s containment building, causing the release of massive amounts of radiation.
Currently in Tokyo, it's 1:30 pm March 12, 2011- 10:30 pm CST New Orleans- and the effect of the double catastrophe is evident everywhere. Millions of Japanese and foreign travelers are stranded not knowing how to get back from where they came and millions are stranded in elevated apartments afraid to leave. The situation is dire. Problems involving drinking water and sanitation will be the next major obstacle to overcome. As reliable reports continue to filter in, updated news of the crisis will be posted.
Two years later...
Japan and the Japanese people have once again survived the fury and destruction of Mother Nature. The deadliest natural disaster in over five generations could not defeat the warrior spirit of these descendants of Samurai.
Millions of tons of rubble have been cleared and countless buildings demolished along the coast. However the enormous task of restoring infrastructure still lies ahead in many areas, and towns have yet to finalize detailed recovery plans. In the hardest-hit districts, the landscape remains nearly as bleak as it was two weeks after the disaster.
Sixty miles and further inland from the devastated coast there has been a big boom in business for the larger supermarket and “Walmart-like” store-chains. Roads and highways that were not destroyed by the flood waters connect newly transplanted consumers to the front doors of these mega-stores, while small business owners whose stores were touched the “reaching tentacles of the tsunami” are suffering the effect of inconsistent government infrastructure rebuilding.
In closing, people around the world who fully understand how fragile life really is, are wishing the best for Japan. To our friends from the "Land of the Rising Sun", we hope that this test of endurance has galvanized you to "Live strong and to Love strong". Good day Japan, you give credence to the adage, “that which does not kill us makes us stronger”.
As always, the New Orleans Examiner is interested in what you think. Can we expect more natural disasters of this magnitude to occur as the number of globally documented irregular weather patterns and seismic sifts continues to increase? Inquiring minds want to know. Sound off.
Until next time Louisianans, Good Day, God Bless and Good Fishing. | <urn:uuid:e5acb223-2df5-4fdd-a963-3de316d308cd> | 2013-05-26T02:42:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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San Quentin State PrisonSan Quentin State Prison
is located on 432 acres on Point Quentin in Marin County, California
, north of San Francisco
. San Quentin State Prison was opened in July 1852
, and is the oldest prison in California. San Quentin housed both male and female inmates until 1933 when the women's prison at Tehachapi was built. The state's only gas chamber
and the male death row
is located at San Quentin. | <urn:uuid:20ce39a8-e69a-4ef8-9a40-cfb9318db95c> | 2013-05-26T02:41:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Are you bored with your marriage? Has the excitement you once felt when you thought of your wife now disappeared?
No matter how long you've been married, you can spice up your marriage if you learn how to woo your wife with the passion you had while you were dating. When you increase the romance in your marriage, you'll enjoy a relationship that's more dynamic than you may have thought possible!
Here are some ways you can woo your wife to enjoy a more exciting marriage:
Give your wife the freedom to be herself. Realize that God made your wife uniquely for a good purpose. Accept her just as she is. Don't pressure her into fitting a stereotypical role in your household if that role doesn't match her personality or areas of giftedness (for example, you may be a better cook, and she may be better at paying the bills). Encourage your wife to make full use of all the talents God has given her, support her efforts while she does so, and applaud her accomplishments. Use your strengths to help empower her in areas where she has weaknesses.
Build unity. Think in terms of "we and us" rather than "me and you" or "my and me." Strive to become best friends. Make decisions by consensus, not through power struggles. Base your marriage on love instead of rules or control. Ask God to show you how you and your wife's personalities can complement each other.
Confront and overcome sinful behavior. Recognize and confront any sinful behavior patterns you may have in your marriage, such as verbal, physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. Ask God to show you any wrong attitudes you may have toward your wife. Ask Him to reveal ways He wants you to change. Be courageous and willing to admit that you have a problem with the way you treat your wife. Ask your wife to tell you honestly about how sinful behavior patterns in your marriage has affected her, and listen without getting defensive.
Pursue God's healing and be willing to do the hard work of retraining your thoughts and actions. Spend regular time in prayer and with a counselor, support group, or accountability partner. Ask your wife to forgive you. Ask God to give you a vision of what your marriage could be like if you successfully work through the tough issues you're facing. Depend on God's strength rather than your own; and know that He will help you through until your healing is complete.
Strive to treat your wife like a queen. Remember how you promised to cherish your wife when you married her. Know that, as a man of honor, you should offer her nothing less than your best. Don't withhold your time, attention, or money from her. Ask God to motivate you to be generous with your wife. Realize that if you treat your wife well, she will respond well to you.
Build a healthy sex life. Realize that women need to build emotional intimacy with their husbands in order to respond well sexually in their marriages. Ask your wife what specific things you could do build an affectionate, emotionally intimate relationship with her.
Be willing to talk to your often, and take the time to genuinely listen to her. Touch her in nonsexual ways. Share your dreams with her and ask her to share hers with you. Pray together. Commit to impeccable hygiene. Stay in good physical shape as best you can. Dress attractively. Eat well, take vitamins, get the proper amount of sleep each night, and work through stress so you'll have energy for sex. If you're struggling with any sexual sins (such as an addiction to pornography), ask God for deliverance. Schedule time to have sex with your wife on a regular basis. Come up with new ideas for your romantic encounters so you don't settle into a routine.
Help your wife with the kids and chores. Know that if you're a father, God wants you to be actively involved in parenting alongside your wife. Understand that it's unfair and unrealistic to expect your wife to be able to carry the entire burden of household chores if she's also working outside the home, serving as a homeschool teacher, or volunteering a lot. Also understand that every woman sometimes needs a break from domestic chores. Know that if you want more time with your wife, you need to help her out. Ask God to help you be more patient with your children and show you how you can spend more time with them. Be willing to take over some chores from your wife to give her a temporary or permanent break from some of them.
Pursue a selfless love. Be willing to make sacrifices so you can make life better for your wife. Be proactive about looking for ways you can serve her. Never demand that she submit to you; know that she's called to do so voluntarily, to a husband who demonstrates deep love and respect. Listen to her thoughts and feelings on a regular basis and value the wisdom of her input when you all are making decisions.
Date your wife. Schedule regular times to go out on dates, just as you did before you were married. Be creative when you plan your adventures. Surprise her with something occasionally. Consider taking a romantic getaway trip together.
Share devotional time together. As often as you can, work through a couple's devotional guide together. Discuss your relationship and pray about it during these times. Pray for God to use your marriage as a tool to draw you both closer to Him.
Read more articles by Karen McKenney or search for articles on the same topic or others. | <urn:uuid:5b0947b2-83a5-4285-8359-8e8f4c813ec6> | 2013-05-26T02:34:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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pain has a hold on him right now, even if the clone gets back and poofs it wouldn't work he would get the sage chakra he would then lose it cause he cannot maintain it. the only way to maintain is to mold it the right way which u can't do if the rod is in you.
But that's where the problem lies. Once Naruto is in Sage Mode, he's not controlling natural eneryg unless he is attempting to use jutsu. If the shadow clone disperses, natural energy is immediately transferred back to Naruto. I think Naruto on his own, is not allowing or disallowing the transfer of natural energy. It just is sent to him because the shadow clone dispersed.
I see where you are going with this though. Since the shadow clone is in Sage Mode, once it desperses, Naruto goes into Sage Mode because everything the shadow clone experiences, the user does as well. However, does the same exact thing happen in regards to transferring chakra?
Does Naruto have to adjust the natural energy in order to go into Sage Mode, or is it automatic?
So yeah, I kind of agree that it may not be automatic, i just assumed so on first look. | <urn:uuid:f177bef5-1fbc-484c-8759-8ef11e3641e7> | 2013-05-26T02:58:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Cheap Flights from San Diego to United Kingdom
Popular Flights from San Diego to United Kingdom
Did You Know?
- British Airways has the most flights to United Kingdom.
- There are 50 countries in the same zone as United Kingdom.
- The currency symbol for GBP is £.
- There are 352 cities with flights to United Kingdom.
- The longest flight to United Kingdom is 6,803 miles.
Flights to Cities in England
Brussels, Alitalia, Austrian, SAS, LOT, SWISS, KLM, Turkish, US Airways, British Airways, TAP, Icelandair, Iberia, Lufthansa, Air France, Air Berlin, United, Delta, American, Air Canada
Icelandair, TAP, SAS, US Airways, Air Canada, British Airways, Brussels, Alitalia, Delta, Air France, United, American, Lufthansa, Iberia, SWISS, KLM, Turkish
Air France, Delta, Air Canada, Brussels, SAS, SWISS, KLM, Turkish, US Airways, Lufthansa, United
Delta, KLM, Brussels, United, Air France, Lufthansa
Flights to Cities in Northern Ireland
United, Air France, American, Air Canada, British Airways, Lufthansa
Flights to Cities in Scotland
Air France, Icelandair, Iberia, Lufthansa, American, Delta, United, British Airways, Alitalia, KLM, US Airways, Air Canada
Austrian, Turkish, KLM, Brussels, Delta, American, United, Lufthansa, Iberia, Air Canada, British Airways, Air France, Alitalia | <urn:uuid:fffdeb8c-d9f1-4cbd-bb5a-e082d20bd26c> | 2013-05-26T02:50:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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After months of preparation and sending volunteers to gather plastic from locations in the Pacific, Indian Ocean, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Baltic and North Sea, Electrolux has finally come up with the finished project from its Vac from the Sea initiative: vacuum cleaners filled with pieces of ocean debris.
The Vac from the Sea vacuum cleaners come in five editions--each one representing a different body of water. The Indian Ocean edition, for example, features debris collected by coral reef divers from beaches, corals, and seabeds off the Phi Phi Islands in Thailand. Much of the trash consists of styrofoam, plastic bags, household garbage, buckets, and drink bottles.
The more colorful Mediterranean edition, on the other hand, features plastic bottles, food containers, beverage cans, and beach toys found on beaches in St Cyr-sur-Mer, France. The plastics were cut into heart-shaped pieces before being inserted into the vacuum.
Don't expect to find these one-off vacuums in stores--an Electrolux press release claims that "the quality and the logistics needed for cleaning and sorting ocean plastic makes it difficult to use in mass production." The vacuums are intended to raise awareness of the amount of trash scattered throughout the ocean--and of Electrolux's new range of UltraOne Green vacuum cleaners.
Update: According to Electrolux, "The body of the Vacs from the Sea consist of ocean plastic, hence uneven finish here and there. The surface has not been made transparent." | <urn:uuid:dfc3c110-c3b5-447a-9c91-1cc11d911e3d> | 2013-05-26T02:48:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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ON A PLEASANT AUTUMN DAY, Shakibullah Hedayat Rustaqi and his colleagues began to prepare for their next job. They grew out their beards. They stopped showering a week before their start date. They chose their most raggedy clothes. "We had very dirty shawls that we turned into turbans," he recalls.
Their destination was Paktika, an Afghan province just over the border from Waziristan, the lawless Pakistani region that's said to be home to Taliban and Al Qaeda bases. Their mission: to install four windmills.
Rustaqi and his team could never have gone to the countryside dressed as they typically would for work at a Kabul-based renewable-power firm called Sustainable Energy Services Afghanistan (SESA); to bandits, who are as common on Afghan highways as rest stops are on American ones, engineers look like ATMs. "If anyone asks, 'Who are you?' we tell them we are laborers," says Rustaqi. "If they get engineers, they cut off their heads. You know the Taliban: stupid people."
Get in, get the windmills up and running, get out as quickly as possible -- that's the basic game plan for each job. This mission, in Taliban territory, did not go smoothly. Partway through the afternoon, gunfire exploded in the air, followed by sirens crying out through the hills. Suddenly, a convoy of Afghan National Army vehicles sped by the work site. As the sounds of a firefight grew around them, Rustaqi was tempted to seek shelter. "It was very dangerous!" he says. But he had two engineers 100 feet up a half-finished windmill. "We couldn't leave our friends up there. We just kept working."
Within an hour, the fighting had passed as quickly as it had started. Their job finished, the engineers descended.
"What did you see?" Rustaqi asked them anxiously.
They stared at him blankly. They hadn't heard the gunfire or the sirens or his shouts. A hundred feet above the valley floor, all they'd heard was the sound of the wind whooshing past.
IN THE WEST, LIVING OFF THE GRID MAY BE AN ASPIRATION FOR SOME bleeding-heart eco-warriors. In Afghanistan, it is reality. Eighty percent of the country does not have electricity. In the villages where SESA typically works, the only form of it that some residents regularly encounter is lightning.
Even if someone were to build a new major power plant, it would be largely useless because there is no national electrical grid, and given Afghanistan's devilish terrain, with the jagged skyscraping peaks and the gash-in-the-earth valleys, there never will be. "You just can't string power lines all over the country," says Ahmad Saboor Arya, an engineer at the Afghan Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development.
That makes Afghanistan the perfect place for small renewable-power installations with enough capacity to electrify a village. With unique coalitions of consumers and clients -- the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. military, which fund most of the construction; not-for-profits that often help secure local buy-in; tribal elders who welcome SESA teams into their communities and then oversee the completed power projects -- the company is gradually bringing power to one village after another.
The U.S. and its NATO allies have plowed more than $56 billion into Afghan reconstruction and development. "We have to make sure we leave a sustainable solution," says British Major General Nick Carter, who, until November, commanded allied forces in southern Afghanistan. But a recent report by the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction said that USAID and the Departments of State and Defense together were responsible for $17.7 billion in spending that they could not now account for. In that context, the $4.8 million that the U.S. has spent with SESA seems like a very good deal. That money has bought more than electricity; it has also created a surprising model of local development. "What our clients purchase is not solar power or wind power -- they actually don't give a shit about solar," says Tony Woods, the affable Kiwi-American who is the company's founder, CEO, and majority owner. "It's a means to an end -- to stability, to employment, to growth."
Woods is convinced that with some minor modifications to suit local cultures, his strategy will work across the world, in inhospitable business environments from Asia to South America. By going where most businesses would fear to tread, his company is creating jobs and boosting agricultural output. It is aiding improvements to health and education -- and showing there is money to be made in some of the world's unfriendliest nooks and crannies.
KABUL IS AFGHANISTAN'S BEST-LIT CITY. MOST OF THE CAPITAL'S electricity is imported from Uzbekistan, via a transmission line completed in 2009 with foreign-aid funding. What little power there is in the rest of the Texas-size country comes almost entirely from fume-spewing diesel generators, but Afghanistan has no significant domestic crude-oil supply, refining capability, or affordable diesel fuel.
Before 2001, under Taliban rule, "only Taliban houses and ministries in Kabul had electricity," says an engineer at the Afghan Ministry of Energy and Water, who asked not to be named because he did not have permission to speak. Even in homes that had once had power, "people passed five or six years in darkness." Electricity wasn't the only thing most Afghans lacked. In a 2003 survey by the National Solidarity Program, Afghans were asked what they would want the government to do with the approximately $200 per family in development funds available through foreign aid. Thirty percent said water and sanitation, another 30% said transportation, and 11% made electricity their top choice. "When you bring even small amounts of electricity to a rural area, income, literacy, and health generally advance," says Chris Flavin, president of the Worldwatch Institute, a Washington, D.C., research group that specializes in energy and the environment. "Understanding this link is key to improving the lives of the rural poor."
Helping the poor was never the primary goal for Woods, who came to the energy business -- and Afghanistan -- circuitously. Born in the U.S. but raised in New Zealand and trained as an engineer, he had noticed nonoperational micro hydropower generators while biking through Pakistan. (He was en route from South Africa to China.) After the trip, he put together a proposal for New Zealand Aid, the national development agency, and got hired as a consultant to return to Pakistan and fix them.
In 1999, he made his first visit to Afghanistan. One blue-sky day, he ran into a platoon of Taliban soldiers enjoying a picnic by a lake near Kabul. They were shooting ducks, and they directed a gun at him -- so that he could have a go at the ducks too. Maybe it was the weather or Woods's disarming Forrest Gump-like charm. "They were quite helpful," he says, recalling that they offered excellent driving directions and local knowledge, including tips on which roads were mined.
On that trip, Woods had an epiphany: Afghanistan seemed perfect for renewable energy. The northeast region has abundant water, the west has steady wind, and the south is blessed with strong sunshine. The only thing it did not have was someone who was willing to take on the challenge of harnessing those natural resources and turning them into locally distributed, grid-free sources of electricity. So in 2007, he moved to Kabul and founded SESA.
Kabul's dusty streets are full of expats -- aid workers, journalists, ex-military. If you didn't know them by their skin color, you'd know them by the hunger in their eyes. The prototypical Kabul foreigner is a former idealist now angling for an ever-bigger piece of the lucrative war-and-aid pie. Woods stands out from that crowd. In one of the world's hairiest countries -- a decade ago, an engineer who now works for Woods spent a week in jail for shaving his beard -- Woods never even sports a five-o'clock shadow. Amid the cynics, he is, even after four years in Afghanistan, endlessly optimistic about doing business in a poor, corruption-plagued land. "We're willing to do this where nobody else wants to go," he says. "We've always been about helping -- we grew out of the development field -- but we are unashamedly commercial."
Woods's company, which turned a profit in the fourth quarter of 2010, draws almost all its revenue from the American taxpayer; USAID and the U.S. military are his biggest clients. But they are not his end consumer -- the Afghan villager is -- and Woods views his operation as being as much about sales and marketing as it is about electrification. "We understand what our clients are actually buying," he says, explaining how he constantly switches between two languages: that of the people who pay for a facility and that of those who will use it. "The funder talks about employment and stability. But the villagers talk about TV and lights and refrigerators. We put as much, or often more, time and effort into nontechnical parts of a project. If the social, environmental, or economic sides fail, then the project will fail even if the engineering is done to a high standard."
The first priority on every job is to prep the territory. Woods and his team are often hired in disputed regions where the government is seeking to wrest influence from the Taliban, so it is important, as Woods puts it, "to call ahead." "The community must be involved at the earliest stage or else they will blame problems later on the lack of consultation," he says. "They must help along the way, providing security and labor. If the village wants us there, then they will protect us." SESA also requires that the village provide land for the installation, a tangible investment in the project.
Woods's team does the installation, which doesn't require much wiring since everything stays local, and the training. Communities must agree to collective ownership and co-op-style management for the installed system. Villagers pay for power -- "Otherwise, there's no revenue for service and support" -- and Woods recommends using prepaid electricity meters. The concept works because nearly all Afghans already know the prepay model from pay-as-you-go mobile-phone cards. It also avoids the dirty work of cutting anyone off for delinquency. In these tightly connected communities, "nobody wants to be the one to disconnect Auntie Maud," Woods says with a smirk.
Woods trains locals to do the maintenance, which creates one or two well-paid jobs. "Someone has to run it and maintain it," he says. The Soviets built hundreds of micro hydropower plants throughout the north of the country, but none of them work now because they weren't maintained. (SESA has $1.5 million in USAID contracts to help resuscitate some of them.) In the background of Taliban training videos, you can see arrays of solar cells. These systems need faithful maintenance of the type that only a committed organization -- say, a close-knit group of insurgents or a village -- can provide.
Woods brings a deft diplomatic touch to his work. Before launching a solar project in 2009 in the Gardez Province village of Sayed Karam, for instance, he rented a van to bring eight tribal elders to a meeting in Kabul. The men tumbled out of the van, all with long beards, black turbans, and scars from previous wars (one was missing an eye, another a finger). Over tea, nuts, and kebabs, they peppered Woods with questions and comments: Why should anyone have to pay for power? Even the mosque? Even the school? How does a meter work? Where does the equipment come from? Please don't send low-quality gear from China!
Woods patiently answered each question. "They're Taliban with a small t," he says later. "They'll tolerate some foreigners if there is something in it for them. They're traditional Pashtuns and mostly want to stay that way, but with satellite TV."
The appeal of his company's product has been helped by an unforeseen agricultural benefit. Because of the delicacy of some turbine components, they must be shipped to the installation site in 40-foot cold-storage containers that should then be shipped back out. Woods wondered, What if I left the container at the delivery site?
One of the Afghan agriculture industry's great limitations is the lack of refrigerated storage. Most produce can't make it to market before rotting. Also, each community tends to grow the same crops and harvest them all at once, pushing prices down and leaving surpluses to spoil. After SESA installs a turbine, it can hook up the leftover container to the new power supply, creating refrigeration that can extend a harvest's shelf life by up to two months. It has done this in two communities so far, and is bidding on a U.S. Marine-funded solar project, for Helmand Province, that would power cold storage for pomegranates.
THE WORK OF ELECTRIFICATION HAS GIVEN DIFFERENT KINDS OF new power to Woods's 25-person staff, including the freedom that a steady, middle-class salary brings. In a nation where there are few jobs outside the home available to women (even hotel housekeeping staffs are typically male), this is particularly true for the four women he employs -- and no other has a story like Samiya Amiri's.
A bubbly 27-year-old with warm, dark eyes and a fleeting smile, Amiri, just over a decade ago, was forced by her parents to marry. Her suitor was rising in the Taliban hierarchy. A top official in the Badakshan Province, he wanted Amiri as his second wife, and he offered her parents an irresistible dowry: their own lives. He pledged to kill them if they didn't let him wed her.
After the birth of her second child, Amiri says, she fled from her husband, taking her two children and living for a time in a women's shelter. She had missed high school because the Taliban eliminated schooling for girls, but the shelter had an adult-education program that included English tutoring. That's when Woods found her. "She showed technical competence but lacked confidence and field experience," he says. "She also has courage and tenacity. We needed both." So he hired her and spent another three years training her. Today, she manages an all-female team of technicians.
The office is an oasis for Amiri. After she left the shelter, she moved in with her parents, but they so despised the circumstances around her marriage that they would not allow the kids, now 7 and 9, to join her. She put them in an orphanage.
At times, Amiri speaks about her job with an air of wonder. "We're the only women installing solar in the field in Afghanistan," she says. "Out of 12 women who passed the exam in my engineering class, just 3 found work. The other 9 are at home." She is paid $450 a month -- more than the average Afghan earns in an entire year -- and now makes enough money to rent a room in a Kabul apartment. A few months ago, she reclaimed her children.
ON PAPER, IT SEEMS THAT SESA HAS THE POTENTIAL TO TRANSFORM lives not only across Afghanistan but also around the world. Its small-scale, locally based model works. Its training regimens create skilled labor. Its technology is solid -- so much so that Lockheed Martin approached Woods for advice about a big solar system it's building on a U.S. military base in Afghanistan.
Yet there's one wild card Woods cannot always account for: human meddling. To understand this, you have to go 90 miles north of Kabul to Panjshir Province, where the flat of the valley floor greets the foothills of the Hindu Kush and the road up-country traces gorges carved by tumbling lime-green rivers fed by snowmelt. During the Cold War, guerrillas would descend from the cliffs to ambush Soviet convoys. Today, old Soviet military vehicles sit rusting on the roadsides. Kids use the upside-down ones as playground equipment, a testament to the ultimate futility of the Russians' Afghan adventures.
SESA has installed 19 systems in the Panjshir: 18 solar and one wind. The solar arrays power 18 health clinics, which previously relied on kerosene lamps and generators that ran only intermittently because of fuel prices. (Diesel costs about 20% more in Afghanistan than in the U.S.) Presently, the clinics have clean water, spirited to the surface by new solar-powered pumps. Several of them even have a steady supply of hot water, thanks to solar heaters installed by Woods's team. This setup has run flawlessly.
Then there is the wind system, paid for by the U.S. military and overseen by Panjshir Province technology director Muhamad Tahir, a former mujahid who seems bent on proving that one of Afghanistan's biggest problems is the tyranny of small-time officials. In his spacious, sunny office in the governor's compound in the provincial capital of Bazarak, you will find no computers, no TVs, no photocopiers -- just expensive plush carpets and seven sofas lining the bare walls.
Two years ago, Tahir says, he asked the U.S. military for turbines along the roaring Panjshir River; hydropower could generate more kilowatts per dollar of investment, he argued. Instead, the Americans plowed $1 million into 10 windmills, he says with irritation. (Some news stories proclaimed this Afghanistan's first wind farm, though one engineer describes it more as a "wind garden.") Tahir grudgingly admits the investment has paid a decent return. Prewindmill, the generator in his compound burned 600 liters of diesel a month. With wind, it burns just 200 -- a savings of nearly $5,000 per year. "It was expensive," he says, fingering his prayer beads. "Now it's wind, and wind is free from God."
Alas, wind power is not free from human interference. In recent months, Tahir has unplugged every building in the compound but his own from the wind-powered mini-grid. "No more AC, no more fridges," he declares. He claims he doesn't want people to be spoiled by the abundance of affordable power, even though so little of it is being used that nearly all the electricity generated by the windmills is being wasted.
The power struggle befuddles the keeper of the windmills. Kefa- yatullah Muhammadi, 22, was trained by SESA to maintain the wind farm, which sits high on a hill above Bazarak. There's usually little to do, so he reads the Qu'ran, as well as books on agriculture and, of course, electricity. From his vantage point, he identifies the army outpost, the finance department, the bureau of refugees, and, on a neighboring crag, the local TV station. His windmills once powered all four. All four went back to burning diesel.
This kind of internecine battle is the one thing that can crack Woods's optimism. "It probably has something to do with money and budgets... . Or maybe the television station said something [Tahir] didn't agree with," he says. "Who knows?"
Whatever the case, Woods wasn't having any of it. In November, he drove up from Kabul. He stopped by the TV station, which broadcasts six hours a day from a one-room converted shipping container. SESA had covered the cost of laying cable from the wind farm to the station. Woods's hope was that, with the reliable energy, it would be able to broadcast around the clock.
"I asked them why they used diesel," he says. "They were not sure why. But they agreed it was better to use wind. I told them to just not be so silly. I looked at the TV-station manager and the wind-power manager together and just said, 'Come on, guys. Jesus. Sort it out.' "
Then he walked over to the unplugged cable that once connected the windmills to the TV station. He picked it up, and he plugged it right back in. | <urn:uuid:4902c484-8d37-40b0-a2ba-8a6a99be0ace> | 2013-05-26T03:11:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Under the Texas Family Code (Tex. Fam. Code) a “Parent” is defined as the mother, a man presumed to be the father, a man legally determined to be the father, a man who has been adjudicated to be the father by a court of competent jurisdiction, a man who acknowledged his paternity under applicable law, or an adoptive mother or father.
The father-child relationship is established between a man and a child by:
- an unrebutted presumption of the man’s paternity of the child under Section 160.204;
- an effective acknowledgment of paternity by the man under Subchapter D, unless the acknowledgment has been rescinded or successfully challenged;
- an adjudication of the man’s paternity;
- the adoption of the child by the man; or
- the man’s consenting to assisted reproduction by his wife under Subchapter H, which resulted in the birth of a child.
Tex. Fam. Code Sec. 160, otherwise known as the Uniform Parentage Act, states that a man is presumed to be the father of a child if:
- he is married to the mother of the child and the child is born during the marriage;
- he is married to the mother of the child and the child is born before the 301st day after the date the marriage is terminated by death, annulment, declaration of invalidity, or divorce;
- he married the mother of the child before the birth of the child in apparent compliance with law, even if the attempted marriage is or could be declared invalid, and the child is born during the invalid marriage or before the 301st day after the date the marriage is terminated by death, annulment, declaration of invalidity, or divorce;
- he married the mother of the child after the birth of the child in apparent compliance with law, regardless of whether the marriage is or could be declared invalid, he voluntarily asserted his paternity of the child, and:
a) the assertion is in a record filed with the bureau of vital statistics;
b) he is voluntarily named as the child’s father; or
c) he promised in a record to support the child as his own; or
- during the first two years of the child’s life, he continuously resided in the household in which the child resided and he represented to others that the child was his own.
A presumption of paternity established under this section may be rebutted only by:
- an adjudication under Subchapter G; or
- the filing of a valid denial of paternity by a presumed father in conjunction with the filing by another person of a valid acknowledgment of paternity.
A presumed father of a child may sign a denial of paternity. However, the denial is valid only if:
- an acknowledgment of paternity signed or otherwise authenticated by another man is filed under Section 160.305 of the Texas Family Code;
- the denial is in a record and is signed or otherwise authenticated under penalty of perjury; and
- the presumed father has not previously:
a) acknowledged paternity of the child, unless the previous acknowledgment has been rescinded under Section 160.307 of the Texas Family Code or successfully challenged under Section 160.308 of the Texas Family Code; or
b) been adjudicated to be the father of the child.
The rules for adjudication of paternity are as follows:
- The paternity of a child having a presumed, acknowledged, or adjudicated father may be disproved only by admissible results of genetic testing excluding that man as the father of the child or identifying another man as the father of the child.
- Unless the results of genetic testing are admitted to rebut other results of genetic testing, the man identified as the father of a child under section 160.505 shall be adjudicated as being the father of the child.
- Unless the results of genetic testing are admitted to rebut other results of genetic testing, the a man excluded as the father of a child by genetic testing shall be adjudicated as not being the father of the child.
- If the court finds that genetic testing under Section 160.505 does not identify or exclude a man as the father of a child, the court may not dismiss the proceeding. In that event, the results of genetic testing and other evidence are admissible to adjudicate the issue of paternity.
Under Tex. Fam. Code Sec. 160.608, if there is an established relationship between the presumed father and the child, the court may deny genetic testing and adjudicate the presumed father as the father of the child.
In In re Shockley, 123 S.W.3d 642, 652-53 (Tex. App.–El Paso 2003, no pet.) the court ruled a mother was equitably estopped from litigating a child’s parentage due to the fact that she refused to consent to DNA testing in prior years and brought suit for parentage more than four years after the birth of a child to question the parentage of the father. The mother then consented to DNA testing that showed another man to be the father of the child, but the court refused to recognize the DNA tests and her claim was barred. | <urn:uuid:96953ccc-3347-42ce-a92a-e51a2974ac85> | 2013-05-26T02:34:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Research Project: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
David Soltysik, PhD
Sunder Rajan, PhD
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technology that yields an indirect measure of brain activation using the endogenous contrast of oxygenated hemoglobin. This project addresses the validity of fMRI as a biomarker in diagnosing and monitoring treatment of various neurological diseases and disorders. A poor understanding in the coupling between neural activity and vascular response creates uncertainties in the understanding of fMRI activation maps. Furthermore, variability in scanner performance, human neurophysiology, and subject performance increases the uncertainty of fMRI activation. The current research program focuses on testing the reproducibility of fMRI activation in specially designed fMRI phantoms and human subjects. The goal of this project is to create a greater understanding of the validity of fMRI activation maps to improve their use for clinical purposes.
Activation maps of a right handed
finger-tapping task repeated nine times.
- Understanding the signal variability caused by hardware, physiological noise, and subject performance
- Understanding the effects of age and disease on the hemodynamic response
- Determining temporal SNR thresholds for reasonable fMRI activation maps
- Investigating potential calibration procedures for fMRI | <urn:uuid:3ba0f8ae-4bb3-48a6-a181-82eb4dfd67b3> | 2013-05-26T02:35:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Kanye West wants to make an album composed of animal noises.
The rapper, 35, experimented with them on his album with Jay-Z titled 'Watch The Throne'.
However he wants to take the sounds further by developing them into an entire record.
A source told The Sun newspaper: "Kanye's telling mates this is his next ingenious plan.
"He's become so obsessed with roars, barks and jungle noises that he's experimenting with putting them on a recording."
The musician was recently burgled while in the UK promoting his work.
Police were called to the 'Stronger' rapper's home in Los Angeles last week (13.06.12) by one of his entourage, who is staying there while he is on tour in the UK.
According to TMZ.com there was "evidence the thieves dropped some of Kanye's possessions on the way out."
It is not known what, if anything, was taken from the house while he was performing in Birmingham, England as part of his tour.
A Los Angeles Police Department spokesperson said: "I can confirm there was a burglary."
Officer Bruce Borihahn added to the Los Angeles Times newspaper the attempted burglary took place at around 6:30am at the rapper's home on Fareholm Drive. | <urn:uuid:2dfe4568-bb6b-4375-b723-eefd295efc94> | 2013-05-26T02:34:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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3 FF runners compete in Superior trail runPublished 10:31am Wednesday, September 19, 2012
Three Fergus Falls runners endured a grueling trail run on Sept. 7-8 as they competed in the Superior trail run at Gooseberry Falls State Park.
In a 50K run, Ben Schierer finished the race in 34:22:00, while Mark Becker finished the race in 37:08:00.
In the 25K trail run, Terry Eldien ran a time of 13:43:00.
The race, which is a held over two days, sees only 40 percent of its participants finish. | <urn:uuid:9eac03da-7961-43bf-9389-2c6a672bd435> | 2013-05-26T02:35:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Romania held on to defeat Great Britain 71-66 on Monday to clinch first place in the Relegation Round and condemn the Brits to life in Division B.
The Romanians, who also won a close game against Mark Clark's team in Britain on January 10, improved to 5-1 and dropped their opponents to 3-3.
Finland, who blew out already-relegated Bosnia and Herzegovina 95-57 in their game on Monday, improved to 4-2 and also avoided the drop.
Simina Mandache led a balanced Romania scoring attack with 16 points.
Britain had hoped to win the game, which likely would have put them into second place above Finland.
Such a result would have left all three teams with 4-2 records, and the goal differential for the three teams in the games against each other would have been used to determine the order of finish.
Thankfully for Finland, Romania, a team that blew them out by 31 points in their first meeting and then lost last Friday in Finland by 18, had enough fuel in the tank to defeat the Brits.
Romania opened up a 15-point lead early in the second quarter at 32-17 while their biggest advantage after the interval was 57-45 late in third quarter.
Clark's team clawed their way back to trail 64-61, only for Mandache to bury a three-ball for her last points of the game.
Britain ended up cutting the deficit to 69-66 with 15 seconds to play on a Kim Butler jumper.
But they fouled Paula Ciocan with nine ticks remaining and she sank both free throws for the five-point triumph.
Butler finished with 22 points and 10 rebounds for Britain. | <urn:uuid:cf93fcac-1dfe-43a3-bf2c-e438b53abfd6> | 2013-05-26T02:43:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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ASIA/INDIA - "The anti-conversion law violates the Constitution": landmark ruling for Christians
New Delhi (Agenzia Fides) - The anti-conversion law passed in the state of Hhimachal Pradesh (in northern India) is, in some parts, "unconstitutional". In fact, "a person not only has the right to freedom of conscience, the right to profess one's faith, the right to change faith, but also has the right to keep secret one’s beliefs." That of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh is a landmark ruling, passed by the judges Deepak Gupta and Rajiv Sharma. The appeal had been filed in 2011 by a group of Christian organizations that had challenged the "Law on Religion", issued in 2006 and entered into force in 2007 (see Fides 25/02/2011).
The Court held that "Section 4 of the measure and Articles 3 and 5 of the document violate constitutional provisions." These rules declared unlawful the free conversion from one religion to another, allowing the former only after a long process, investigation and authorization of a magistrate, and imposing, if not, fines and penalties.
In a statement sent to Fides, the "Global Council of Indian Christians" (GCIC), welcomed the judgment and thanked the lawyers of different religions who are engaged in the appeal, arguing that the law violates fundamental rights of believers. The Council, recalling that "all conversions, which took place for free will, are legal, urge the central and state governments for the protection of all believers who exercise this right."
Fr. Dominic D'Abrio, spokesman for the Episcopal Conference of India, told Fides: "It is a very positive step, Christians will benefit greatly. The ruling could set a precedent and have a domino effect, encouraging other appeals against anti-conversion laws of the same kind in force in other states of the Indian Federation."
The first state to pass a law which bans conversions was in Orissa in 1967, followed by Madhya Pradesh in 1968 and Arunachal Pradesh in 1978. The government of the Hindu nationalist party "Bharatiya Janata Party" (BJP) introduced it in Gujarat in 2003 and in Chhattisgarh in 2006, the year after it also came into force in Himachal Pradesh. According to Christians, these laws, limiting the fundamental right to religious freedom, are tools in the hands of Hindu extremist groups, who accuse Christians of "proselytism and forced conversions." They are used to target religious minorities, poisoning the social fabric and spreading hatred within the Indian society. (PA) (Agenzia Fides 31/08/2012)
- 2013-05-24 ASIA/INDIA - A new future for Christians in Karnataka
- 2013-05-22 ASIA/INDIA - Christians will bring aid to Syrian refugees during a journey of solidarity
- 2013-05-16 ASIA/INDIA - Congress of catechists from Orissa, agents of evangelization in the Year of Faith
- 2013-05-15 ASIA/INDIA - Converted to Christ from Hinduism: two families persecuted in Orissa
- 2013-05-14 ASIA/INDIA - Allegations of "forced conversions": Hindu extremists against Christians in Kerala
- 2013-05-10 ASIA/INDIA - Two missionaries who distributed biblical pamphlets: beaten and arrested
- 2013-05-10 ASIA/INDIA - The country has the highest number of child deaths within the first 24 hours of life
- 2013-05-07 ASIA/INDIA - No justice for the Christian victims of the massacres in Orissa: the figures of impunity
- 2013-05-02 ASIA/INDIA - Islamic militants to the Christian missionaries: "Leave Kashmir"
- 2013-04-30 ASIA/INDIA - Formation and awareness on rights, health, prevention of women from violence | <urn:uuid:0c8d957e-e6c6-4456-8c3e-51dad6042b6b> | 2013-05-26T03:02:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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We are always happy to hear from anyone visiting Field Trip Earth. If you have a comment about something you have read or seen on the website, or if you would like more information about our project, please complete the form below.
Please note that you are not required to provide your first name, your email address, or any other personal information. However, we cannot respond to your contact without that information. So, if you desire a response, please include at least your email address. | <urn:uuid:75733f2e-58c5-4187-a11f-5721e54cad1d> | 2013-05-26T02:55:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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| || |
by Dave DeWitt
I am constantly asked to explain the exponential growth of interest in chile peppers and the boom in fiery foods products in the U.S. over the past two decades. How did a meat and potatoes America become enamored of hot sauces, salsas, spicy snack food, chili con carne, and hundreds and hundreds of other fiery foods? First, we must look at the historical trends for why cooks add spices to their foods in the first place.
There are a number of explanations for why we have added spices such as chile peppers to our foods over the tens or hundreds of thousands of years that we have been cooking. They are:
Spices make foods taste better.
The "eat-to-sweat hypothesis"–eating spicy foods makes us cool down during hot weather.
To disguise the taste of spoiled food.
Spices add nutritional value to food.
The antimicrobial hypothesis: spices kill harmful bacteria in food and aid in food preservation.
Which of these explanations are correct?
The First Cornell University Study
In 1998, Jennifer Billing and Paul W. Sherman published a study in The Quarterly Review of Biology that examined the reasons why humans might use spices. They studied 4,578 recipes from 93 cookbooks on traditional, meat-based cuisines of 36 countries; the temperature and precipitation levels of each country; the horticultural ranges of 43 spice plants; and the antibacterial properties of each spice.
The first thing they discovered was that many spices were incredibly antibacterial. For example, garlic, onion, allspice, and oregano were the best all-around microbe killers, killing almost everything. Next were thyme, cinnamon, tarragon, and cumin, which kill about 80 percent of all bacteria. Chile peppers were in the next group, with about a 75 percent kill rate. In the lower ranges of 25 percent were black pepper, ginger, and lime juice.
Next, they learned that "Countries with hotter climates used spices more frequently than countries with cooler climates. Indeed, in hot countries nearly every meat-based recipe calls for at least one spice, and most include many spices, especially the potent spices, whereas in cooler counties substantial fractions of dishes are prepared without spices, or with just a few." Thus the estimated fraction of food-spoilage bacteria inhibited by the spices in each recipe is greater in hot than in cold climates, which makes sense since bacteria grow faster and better in warmer areas.
The researchers addressed the various theories. First, obviously spices make food taste better, "But why do spices taste good? Traits that are beneficial are transmitted both culturally and genetically, and that includes taste receptors in our mouths and our taste for certain flavors. People who enjoyed food with antibacterial spices probably were healthier, especially in hot climates. They lived longer and left more offspring."
Billing and Sherman discounted the "eat-to-sweat" theory, noting that not all spices make people sweat and that there are easier ways to cool down, like moving into the shade. Regarding the theory that spices mask the odor of spoiled food, they noted that it "ignores the health dangers of ingesting spoiled food." And since spices, except for chiles and citrus, add minimal nutritional value to food, that theory goes nowhere.
That leaves just two theories: that spices make foods taste good, and that they kill harmful bacteria–and those two theories are inseparable. "I believe that recipes are a record of the history of the co-evolutionary race between us and our parasites. The microbes are competing with us for the same food," Sherman says. "Everything we do with food--drying, cooking, smoking, salting or adding spices--is an attempt to keep from being poisoned by our microscopic competitors. They're constantly mutating and evolving to stay ahead of us. One way we reduce food-borne illnesses is to add another spice to the recipe. Of course that makes the food taste different, and the people who learn to like the new taste are healthier for it. We believe the ultimate reason for using spices is to kill food-borne bacteria and fungi."
The Second Cornell University Study
In 2001, Paul W. Sherman and Geoffrey A. Hash continued the examination of spices in human diet with a study entitled "Why Vegetable Recipes Are Not Very Spicy," published in Evolution and Human Behavior. They compiled information from 2,129 vegetable-only recipes from 107 traditional cookbooks of 36 countries. Then they examined the history of the spice trade and discovered that for thousands of years spices have been traded all over the world, resulting in their availability in most world cuisines. The most traded spices are black pepper and chile pepper, in that order.
Many studies have proven the antibacterial properties of spices, the fact that spices are more prevalent in warm climates than cool climates, and that the concentrations of spices in recipes are sufficient to kill bacteria. It is true that cooking eliminates the antimicrobial properties of some spices, such as cumin, but has no effect on others, such as chiles.
The researchers compared the vegetable-only recipes to the previous study of meat recipes according to the spices found in the recipes and discovered that vegetable recipes used far fewer spices than meat recipes. They attributed this to the fact that bacteria "do not survive or proliferate as well in vegetables, so adding spices is not as necessary." Interestingly, the four most common spices in both the meat and vegetable recipes were onion, black pepper, garlic, and chile peppers. Onion appeared in more than 60 percent of both types of recipes; black pepper in about 60 percent of the meat recipes and 48 percent of the vegetable recipes; garlic in 35 percent of the meat recipes and 20 percent of the vegetable recipes; and chile peppers in 22 percent of the meat recipes and 18 percent of the vegetable recipes.
Within countries, vegetable-based recipes called for fewer spices than meat recipes in all 36 countries. The countries using the most spices in both vegetable and meat recipes were, in order from the most used: India, Vietnam, Kenya, Morocco, Mexico, Korea, and The Philippines. Following were France, Israel, and South Africa.
In their second study, the researchers concluded: "By every measure, vegetable-based recipes were significant less spicy than meat-based recipes. Results thus strongly support the antimicrobial hypothesis."
Chile Peppers Take Over
But in the United States, with refrigerators and freezers almost every home, the antimicrobial hypothesis simply does not explain the rush to embrace chiles and spicy foods over the past two decades. After answering questions verbally for literally dozens of media interviews, I finally decided to keep track of my reasons for why chile peppers have conquered the United States.
Ethnic diversity. Immigration patterns have changed and now feature new citizens with hot and spicy ingredients and cuisines imported from Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The immigrate and open restaurants and markets, making ethnic chiles and spicy foods commonplace.
Americans are more knowledgeable now and realize that most chiles and spicy foods won't hurt them.
Increasing interest in the hobbies of cooking, gardening, and traveling.
The large number of ethnic and hot and spicy cookbooks published since 1978--literally hundreds of them.
The increasing availability of chiles and fiery foods products in mainstream locations such as supermarkets and fast-food outlets.
The publicity generated by the constant media attention. The recent National Fiery Foods Show in Albuquerque generated more than 5,000 column inches of coverage in U.S. newspapers. Do a Web search for terms like "chile peppers," "spicy," "hot sauce," or "habanero" and stand back–you will get thousands and thousands of solid citations.
Trade and consumer shows and festivals featuring chiles and fiery foods.
The enormous increase in manufacturing, with thousands of fiery foods products now on the market.
The "addiction syndrome." Chiles are not physically addicting–you don’t have withdrawal symptoms when you stop eating them. But they are psychologically addicting because chileheads miss the burn if they don’t have any spicy food for a while. I never hear anyone say, "Oh, I used to eat spicy food, but now I’m back to bland." Once someone starts liking hot and spicy foods, he or she is likely to be a chilehead for life.
The Rozin Theory
But perhaps the most fundamental reason for the boom in fiery foods is a major shift in the way many Americans are eating. My revelation began in Philadelphia while dining with Liz Rozin, who hosted an incredibly diverse dinner at Serrano Restaurant during the Book and the Cook Festival. She is a food historian with fascinating insights into the origins of spicy cuisines. "When we look at the broad spectrum of human flavoring practices, we see one curious correlation," she writes in The Primal Cheeseburger. "The heavier the dependence on plant or vegetable foods, the more pronounced the seasonings; the heavier the consumption of animal foods, the less pronounced the seasonings. Those cuisines that clearly demonstrate a highly spiced or complex seasoning profile--Southeast Asia, India, Africa, Mexico--all have long relied on high-plant, low meat diets." Her theory, interestingly enough, directly contradicts the Cornell University studies above!
Of course, the U.S. was just the opposite: a culture that in its early days relied on beef, pork, and chicken as well as dairy foods. Vegetable foods in the U.S. were eaten primarily in the same regions where the cuisine was also the spiciest: the South and the Southwest.
When Rozin turns her attention to chile peppers in high-vegetable, low-meat cultures, she notes: "The pattern of acceptance, the level of enthusiasm with which the pungent chiles were enfolded into certain existing traditions, seems to indicate that the unique stimulation they provide is an important compensation for foods that are somehow less satisfying, less perfect when eaten unseasoned. And on the other hand, the chiles were largely ignored or rejected by cuisines and areas of the world where meat and other animal foods were a significant focus of the diet."
At least three other major food trends have paralleled the move to spicy foods over the past two decades: natural foods, vegetarian foods, and low-fat foods. Meat consumption has declined as well, setting the scene for the modern return of Liz Rozin's theory of why ancient, "less satisfying" foods were highly spiced: we need the heat and flavor of chiles and other spices to make up for the lack of the flavors of meat and fat in more spartan cuisines. The new corollary of eating in the 21st century might be: "The healthier you eat, the more you need to spice it up with chile-laden condiments."
To sum up, Paul Sherman thinks that we added chiles to meat-based recipes to prevent the growth of bacteria, while Liz Rozin believes we used to chiles to spice-up bland food. Perhaps they are both correct. But we do know one thing: chile peppers have conquered America, and they are not going away.
Top 30 Spices with Antimicrobial Properties
10. Lemon grass
11. Bay leaf
12. Chile peppers
26. Pepper (white/black)
28. Anise seed
29. Celery seed
(Listed from greatest to least inhibition of food-spoilage bacteria)
Source: "Antimicrobial Functions of Spices: Why Some Like It Hot,"
by Jennifer Billing and Paul W. Sherman, The Quarterly Review of
Biology, Vol. 73, No.1, March 1998.
Top of Page | <urn:uuid:ec00e7c7-b035-4118-a731-b9ec089df09e> | 2013-05-26T03:09:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Chelsea required an 85th-minute winner from Ashley Cole to overcome Stoke City, Rickie Lambert was on target twice as Southampton claimed their first victory, and Hugo Rodallega haunted his old club.
New signings Shinji Kagawa and Robin van Persie were both on the scoresheet as Manchester United recovered from a goal behind to overcome Fulham 3-2 at Old Trafford.
Fulham winger Damien Duff has retired from international duty with the Republic of Ireland.
Swansea City and Fulham both recorded 5-0 victories over Norwich City and Queens Park Rangers respectively, while West Bromwich Ablion beat Liverpool and Newcastle saw off Tottenham Hotspur on day one of the 2012/13 Premier League.
Stand-in Republic of Ireland captain John O'Shea was positive following Republic of Ireland's 0-0 draw with Serbia, but felt they are still not performing to their full potential.
Damien Duff will mark his 100th cap for Republic of Ireland by leading them out in their UEFA EURO 2012 match with Italy tomorrow as they hope to get a win before exiting the tournament. | <urn:uuid:81dcc68b-8bc9-405b-acd4-0dfe777326d0> | 2013-05-26T02:36:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. -- The Florida Supreme Court has approved new jury instructions on eyewitness identifications, the leading cause of wrongful convictions.
The contentious instructions were adopted on Wednesday. They will require judges to tell jurors to consider factors that include whether witnesses are of the same race or ethnic group as defendants in evaluating the accuracy of their identifications.
Another factor is the capacity and opportunity of a witness to observe a suspect including the length of time, lighting and distance. Jurors also should consider whether witnesses rely solely on their own recollection or have been influenced in some way and their familiarity with those they are identifying.
Advocates for the wrongly convicted say the instructions are too weak. Some prosecutors say there should be no eyewitness instructions. | <urn:uuid:9f4c24b6-7e7f-45ff-a718-5df0b720ab5d> | 2013-05-26T03:10:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Originally posted by: clu__82 on 2/25/2006 7:19:22 AM
Just a couple questions that I hope some knowledgable minds can help me out with. I currently attend Minnesota State University Mankato and am looking for some good fly fishing spots nearby. I prefer trout fishing but from what I've learned that is primarily up in the north part of the state. However, I was wondering if there are any spots in Southern Minnesota. Also, if there isn't any good trout spots are there any good fishing lakes for other species around Mankato. Hopefully you can help me. Good luck and good fishing. | <urn:uuid:daca5ff7-0995-49cd-aba9-919f597a7d6d> | 2013-05-26T03:02:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A meteor streaks through the sky over Joshua Tree National Park in Southern California's Mojave Desert. The Leonid meteor storm was captured in this 30-minute time exposure from Nov. 17, 1998. / Reed Saxon, AP
Will this year's Leonid meteor shower roar like the lion constellation it's named for or meow like a kitty cat as it sometimes does? Stargazers who stay up late Saturday night or get up early Sunday morning can judge for themselves.
The annual meteor storm is known for sometimes producing as many as a thousand fireballs per minute, as it did in 1966, but astronomers say this year sky-watchers are likely to see maybe 20 per hour.
The peak will begin building late Friday night into Saturday morning and continue through early Sunday morning, says Ben Burress, an astronomer at Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland.
The Leonid meteors aren't really associated with the constellation Leo, they just appear to come from the same place in the sky. The Leonids are actually tiny pieces of the comet Tempel-Tuttle, which orbits the sun in a large ellipse.
"A comet is a often called a 'dirty snowball,' as it's made up of pieces of rock held together by ice. As a comet orbits the sun, it heats up and some of the ice is vaporized, releasing bits of rock along the orbit," says Rebecca Johnson of StarDate magazine.
Tempel-Tuttle orbits the sun in an ellipse. Each year as the Earth moves around the sun, it encounters the trailing tail of debris the comet leaves in its wake. Once every 33 years, Tempel-Tuttle comes close to the Earth as it whizzes by in its orbit. In those years, the debris trail Earth travels through is especially thick, and the resulting meteor showers can be spectacular.
Burress says his grandfather saw the 1933 shower.
"There were thousands of meteors per hour," he says.
This year's Leonids aren't expected to be that spectacular because the comet last passed close to us in 1999.
The expected 10 to 20 meteors per hour isn't bad, Burress says: "That gives you a good chance of seeing one every five or so minutes."
By comparison, the big Perseid meteor shower in August typically rains about 50 meteors an hour down on the Earth.
This year should be good viewing, because the moon will set around 10:30 p.m. Saturday in each U.S. time zone.
"So Sunday morning anywhere from midnight to 3 or 4 a.m. is the prime window," Burress says.
With the exception of the Southeast coast, most of the USA east of the Rockies should have ideal weather for watching the meteor shower Friday night and Saturday morning, according to AccuWeather meteorologist Kristina Pydynowski. However, she says, clouds could prevent anyone from Florida to the eastern Carolinas from seeing it.
For Saturday night's viewing, though, the clouds will clear for most of the Southeast.
Much of the far West will be poor for Leonid-viewing through the weekend, Pydynowski says, because of a pair of Pacific storm systems that will bring clouds streaming across the West Coast and toward the Rockies Friday and Saturday nights.
Clear skies should make for great viewing in the Northeast, Midwest, lower Mississippi Valley and most of the Plains states.
Contributing: Doyle Rice
Copyright 2013 USATODAY.com
Read the original story: Leonid meteor will put on a show this weekend | <urn:uuid:b694ca70-6965-47b1-a6db-2f17f0cbfdb1> | 2013-05-26T03:10:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Walmart Bass Fishing League - Northeast
Chesapeake Bay (June 12, 2010)
Boater Rick McFaul of Rosedale, Md., caught a five-bass limit weighing 18 pounds, 14 ounces Saturday to win $3,247 plus a $2,000 Ranger Cup bonus in the BFL Northeast Division tournament on Chesapeake Bay. McFaul was flipping a frog over matted grass to bring in his winning sack.
Rounding out the top 10 boaters:
2nd: Charlie Russler, Falling Waters, W.Va., five bass, 18-1, $2,623*
3rd: Howard Les Mahan, Oxford, Pa., five bass, 17-10, $1,082
4th: Dan Rodriguez, Monkton, Md., five bass, 17-2, $758
5th: Bill Gallagher, Southampton, Pa., five bass, 17-1, $649
6th: Billy Micciulla, Staten Island, N.Y., five bass, 16-2, $595
7th: Kevin Waterman, LaPlata, Md., five bass, 15-13, $541
8th: Michael Piccolo, Langhorne, Pa., five bass, 15-9, $487
9th: Richard Haber, Jr., Severn, Md., five bass, 15-1, $433
10th: John Shumate, Finksburg, Md., five bass, 15, $379
*includes $1,000 Evinrude bonus
Jerry Pyles of Middletown, Md., caught a five-bass limit weighing 17 pounds, 4 ounces Saturday to win $1,623 in the Co-angler Division on Chesapeake Bay. Pyles was fishing in the Sassaphrass River using a Skinny Dipper in grass to bag his limit.
Rounding out the top 10 co-anglers:
2nd: Bill Spindler, Turnersville, N.J., five bass, 15-13, $812
3rd: Mike Morris, Dover, Del., five bass, 14-9, $541
4th: David Wright, Red Lion, Pa., five bass, 13-7, $379
5th: Greg Parker, Hammonton, N.J., five bass, 13-5, $325
6th: Andy Dick, Wilmington, Del., three bass, 12-10, $298
7th: Humberto Quinones, Dover, Del., four bass, 10-15, $271
8th: James Karwacki, Florence, N.J., three bass, 10-2, $244
9th: Neil Thomas, Scarborough, Maine, three bass, 9-10, $216
10th: John Buries, Montoursville, Pa., three bass, 9-9, $189
The next BFL Northeast Division tournament is scheduled for July 24 at Cayuga Lake in Waterloo, N.Y. After the fifth Northeast Division tournament is complete, the top 40 boaters and 40 co-anglers based on point standings will qualify for the Oct. 7-9 Regional Championship at the Potomac River in Woodbridge, Va., where boaters will compete for a top award of a Ranger 198VX with a 200-horsepower Evinrude or Yamaha outboard and a Chevy pick-up, while co-anglers will fish for a new Ranger 198VX.
About FLW Outdoors
FLW Outdoors, named after Forrest L. Wood, the legendary founder of Ranger Boats, is the largest fishing tournament organization in the world offering anglers worldwide the opportunity to compete for millions over the course of 189 tournaments in 2010. FLW Outdoors has also taken fishing mainstream with FLW Fantasy Fishing awarding the largest prizes in the history of fantasy sports. FLW Outdoors memberships are available featuring numerous benefits including Player's Advantage. For more information about FLW Outdoors and its tournaments, visit FLWOutdoors.com or call (270) 252-1000. For more information about FLW Fantasy Fishing, visit FantasyFishing.com. | <urn:uuid:7a7e3c5f-88fc-4dcb-975f-8e4bf4e3af64> | 2013-05-26T03:10:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- Bolton Wanderers News
- News Archive
- League Table
- Championship News
Muamba family make request
Published : 20 Mar 2012 12:16:58
Fabrice Muamba's family have asked for visitors to stop heading to the London Chest Hospital to allow the Bolton midfielder to concentrate on his recovery.
So overwhelming has been the response to Muamba's condition after he suffered a cardiac arrest during his side's FA Cup tie at Tottenham on Saturday, that it has been felt necessary to try and bring a sense of calm to the situation. It means only members of Muamba's family and Bolton Wanderers will be allowed to visit for the time being.
"To ensure the smooth running of the hospital for all patients - as well as Fabrice's need to concentrate on his recovery - they would request that he receive no more visitors for the moment, outside of immediate family and members of Bolton Wanderers Football Club," said a joint statement released by his club and Barts and the London NHS Trust.
It was also confirmed Muamba had a comfortable night but remains in intensive care, where his progress is being monitored.
"Fabrice Muamba has had a comfortable night in the intensive care unit at The London Chest Hospital, where the medical team is continuing to monitor his progress," read the statement.
"Fabrice's family has asked us to thank everyone again for their thoughts and prayers and for the continued messages of support, from which they draw great strength.
"They would also like to thank the media for continuing to respect their privacy." | <urn:uuid:cef252c6-5901-4f0c-b46b-097f25b1c159> | 2013-05-26T02:44:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- Manchester United News
- News Archive
- League Table
- Premier League News
Rooney limps off as Bayern triumph
Published : 30 Mar 2010 21:58:00
Rooney put the Red Devils in front after just 64 seconds.
But Bayern dominated after that and drew level when Rooney deflected Franck Ribery's free-kick past Edwin van der Sar 14 minutes from time before an eventual finish that brought double agony for United. | <urn:uuid:5522fa3d-41d6-43a4-9412-9f9ff7a9764b> | 2013-05-26T02:58:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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It's hard to imagine a more perfect travel destination than the Mediterranean - from the sea to the land, natural and cultural treasures enrich and inspire. Rugged cliffs, deep blue seascapes and historic cities hugging the coast all contribute to create a place that is truly unique in the world. There are a number of ways to travel the region, but perhaps the only way to get the full experience is to take a well-planned Mediterranean cruise.
Because of its amenities, the Mediterranean region attracts its fair share of visitors, including cruise travelers. However, not all cruises are the same. Often, large ships are unable to small harbors and hidden ports. When considering a Mediterranean cruise, be sure to look for smaller vessels that can take you to destinations off-the-beaten path that larger ships might miss. For example, tour operator Tauck offers a cruise aboard the ship Le Ponant, which is designed to access small harbors and more remote places.
In addition to giving travelers the unique combination of sea-and-land experiences and views, Mediterranean cruises can also provide surprisingly good costs savings. Compared to independent travel, cruises offered by Tauck can reduce costs by as much as 40 percent.
After you've considered ship size and cost, your top priority as a traveler should be finding an itinerary that highlights the best of the region while still including one-of-a-kind experiences. Consider these examples as a guideline for getting the most out of your Mediterranean cruise experience:
* Amalfi Coast: This seaside region of Italy surely numbers among the most spectacular coastlines in the world. Dotted along it are charming small towns where the pace of life is leisurely, the food is exceptional and the views are second-to-none. Amalfi and Ravello are the two must-see towns.
* Corsica: This island may be part of France, but it has an identity all its own. Its rugged mountains, glamorous small towns and beautiful beaches are all infused with a uniquely independent character. Small ships like Le Ponant, on a Tauck small ship Mediterranean cruise, are the only vessels that can access the small but spectacular harbor of Bonifacio. On shore, you can explore the town's historic 12th-century fortress town and savor its views out to the sea.
* Elba: This small island is almost certainly most well-known as the place to which Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled. But what you might not know is that it's also a place of exceptional natural beauty and home to excellent vineyards. Take the opportunity to sample some vintages while you explore the village of Porto Azzurro as you cruise the Mediterranean.
* Malta: The tiny Republic of Malta boasts an illustrious history. Throughout the centuries, its capital, Valletta, has been ruled by the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs and the Knights of St. John. The past is always present wherever you go in the fascinating town, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and, essentially, an open-air museum showcasing Mediterranean civilization.
* Sicily: On this island, you'll find a town whose beauty has been celebrated for centuries. Taormina, clinging to the cliffs above the Ionian Sea, was a favorite of Goethe, who in the 18th century called it 'a patch of paradise.' Countless travelers through the ages have agreed - and you almost certainly will, too. | <urn:uuid:b790c1f2-3387-457b-a027-bf11dc1235d2> | 2013-05-26T02:42:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Published April 26, 2012
Anyone who’s driven on a busy highway can attest that vehicles moving erratically and braking needlessly breaks up the smooth flow of traffic and leads to congestion.
Honda has also observed this phenomenon and claims to have pioneered a technology based on this principle that, rather than just helping to avoid traffic jams, aims to prevent them from occurring entirely.
The Japanese automaker claims that its new technology can detect the potential for a traffic jam and determine whether the driving pattern of a vehicle is likely to create one.
Working with researchers from the University of Tokyo, Honda conducted experimental testing of a system utilizing the technology on a primary vehicle and with several secondary vehicles trailing behind it.
The test results demonstrated that the system helped increase the average speed of the primary vehicle by approximately 23 percent and improved fuel efficiency of the secondary trailing vehicles by approximately 8 percent.
Rather than providing information to help the driver avoid existing congestion based on current traffic information, the system monitors the acceleration and deceleration patterns of the vehicle to determine whether the driver's driving pattern is likely to create traffic congestion. Based on this determination, the system provides the driver with appropriate information, including a color-coded display through the on-board terminal, to encourage smooth driving which will help alleviate the intensity of acceleration and deceleration by trailing vehicles, thereby helping to prevent or minimize the occurrence of vehicle congestion.
Moreover, the system is said to be even more affective when all the vehicles communicate with each other, which is similar to the SARTRE ‘road train’ initiative being tested in Europe though Honda’s system still requires the driver to make adjustments to their driving pattern rather than rely on an autonomous system like with SARTRE.
With the goal to bring this technology to market, Honda will begin the first public-road testing of the technology in Italy and Indonesia in May and July of this year, respectively, to verify the effectiveness of the technology in minimizing vehicle congestion. | <urn:uuid:2f3e582c-b0fa-4e7b-994c-a18b996f27f4> | 2013-05-26T03:13:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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LONDON – Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger is refusing to rule out the possibility of signing club great Thierry Henry on loan for the second straight season.
Wenger says Friday "I've not lost interest in him ... but I haven't spoken about it with him at all."
Henry spent two months on loan at the Premier League side midway through last season, scoring two goals — both game winners. He scored a club-record 226 goals with Arsenal from 1999-2007.
The 35-year-old Henry is currently training with Arsenal during the offseason in Major League Soccer, where he plays for the New York Red Bulls.
Wenger says "he has had a second spell at the club that was very successful. You have to be cautious that it's not one time too many." | <urn:uuid:47e0459e-0d54-4adb-b418-94ab85ac61da> | 2013-05-26T03:02:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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LAGOS, Nigeria – The family of the Nigerian man accused of trying to bring down a U.S.-bound airliner says he disappeared while studying abroad.
In a statement released Monday morning, the family of Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab says that after his "disappearance and stoppage of communications while schooling abroad," his father reached out to Nigerian security agencies two months ago. The statement says the father then approached foreign security agencies for "their assistance to find and return him home."
The family says: "It was while we were waiting for the outcome of their investigation that we arose to the shocking news of that day."
The statement did not offer any specifics on where Abdulmutallab had been. | <urn:uuid:a8d6b214-6a5f-44f5-a2a0-81e9c48b55be> | 2013-05-26T03:13:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Naomi Fischer-Rasmussen makes history as first Australian Olympic female boxer
- August 06, 2012
NAOMI Fischer-Rasmussen was a part of women's boxing history at the Olympics yesterday, but what the Australian really wanted was a win to go with it.
Giving up height, weight, reach, strength and experience - the middleweight fighter lost her opening-round bout to Sweden's Anna Laurell as women's boxing made its Games debut in London.
She battled bravely, trying to counter the Swede's strength with speed and quantity of punches, but after a bullish start the two-time world champion seized control to emerge a 24-17 winner.
"That's OK," Fischer-Rasmussen said of being part of the historic occasion, which was cheered by a full house at Excel Arena.
"I would have been happier to walk away with a couple of wins."
The odds were always stacked against that happening for Fischer-Rasmussen - one of only two fighters to don a skirt instead of the customary shorts.
``I wanted to look feminine in the ring,'' was the explanation, as straight as a left jab, from Naomi Fischer-Rasmussen, whose ground-breaking performance would have been illegal in Britain 16 years ago.
``At the end of the day we are females fighting.''
Normally an under-69kg fighter, the Australian was forced into the heavier 75kg class because her weight division was not one of three women's categories at the Olympics.
Yesterday morning she weighed in at 69.3kg - giving up almost 6kg to her opponent.
Despite the loss and obvious disadvantages she faced, the 28-year-old said she couldn't wait to do it all again.
"Definitely," she said of going to Rio de Janeiro in four years time.
"Even if they do only take 75kg next time, I'll work a bit harder to build my weight up over the next few years so that I'm sitting on a reasonable weight.
"This experience has been surreal. If anything it's just ignited my passion for boxing. I feel like when I come back down into my proper weight category I can perhaps dominate and start winning some medals internationally."
Fischer-Rasmussen, who trained with Laurell in Sweden before the Games, knew her only chance of victory was to land a flurry of blows before her opponent had a chance to counter.
But every time the Australian went in for an attack, she would cop punishment as well.
"I knew that going in that I was going to have to take one to hopefully land a few because she had that reach," she said.
Australia has just one fighter left in Games competition, with light welterweight Jeff Horn's quarter-final against Ukrainian second seed Denys Berinchyk set down for Wednesday night.
Follow the action. Like Fox Sports. | <urn:uuid:111f9400-5887-4ca4-a8e2-2b0c410facc9> | 2013-05-26T02:41:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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