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what the hells your point mga different news sites printed the story a little differently everywhere. and i didn't get it from where you got "THE REAL STORY"
THE POINT IS FOR WHATEVER REASONS, THEY WERE SUSPENDED FROM CARRYING AN AMERICAN FLAG ON AMERICAN SOIL.
what these students were doing would be liken to a neo-nazi group carrying american flags while protesting jews in america. does carrying the american flag give one the automatic right to be racist?
this is only a personal opinion and it's bullshit . if a student wants to carry an american flag stopping him or her is pure communist and a violation of his or freedom . you being an open minded liberal should see that.
it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see what the real reason they were suspended for. twist or distort the story any way you like, but you also didn't post some facts, either. i expected nothing more from you.
once i first read the story, something didn't seem right about it. and when i read the actual article, it became obvious why they were thrown out of school.
hiding behind an american flag to express one's bigotry makes you less of an american than those who are not americans.
i rate your story an "F"...for failure. | <urn:uuid:b8095846-fbee-4547-bfc7-b6cfb9eb9408> | 2013-05-18T17:38:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This Oral History is copyrighted by the Interviewee
and Samuel Proctor Oral History Program on
behalf of the Board of Trustees of the University of
Copyright, 2005, University of Florida.
All rights, reserved.
This oral history may be used for research,
instruction, and private study under the provisions
of Fair Use. Fair Use is a provision of United States
Copyright Law (United States Code, Title 17, section
107) which allows limited use of copyrighted
materials under certain conditions.
Fair use limits the amount of materials that may be
For all other permissions and requests, contacat the
SAMUEL PROCTOR ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM at
the University of Florida.
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
ORAL HISTORY PROJECT
Interviewee: Rosalie Gordon-Mills
Interviewer: Diana Edwards
September 23, 1990
E: This is an interview with Rosalie Gordon-Mills in St. Augustine. Today is
September 23, 1990, and I am Diana Edwards.
We can start by figuring out what you should tell me. Feel free to talk about
whatever topic that you think is important. Let us start [though] by your
telling us who you are, your full name, and who your parents were and what
they did. Tell us a bit about your family background.
G: My name is Rosalie Gordon-Mills.
E: What was your maiden name?
G: Rosalie Robinson. Now it is Rosalie Robinson Gordon-Mills. I was born in
Tallahassee, about three miles from the downtown area. My parents were
from Tallahassee, both of them.
E: What were their names?
G: Arthur Howard Robinson and Callie Eliza Ferrell Robinson.
E: What was her maiden name?
G: Callie Eliza Ferrell Robinson. She was a teacher, and he was a farmer. His
specialty was the milk dairy, which he produced and shipped to Jacksonville
and other places south for a number of years. She became a teacher because
my paternal grandmother was a slave, and she taught right after slavery [was
abolished]. Grandmother's idea to become a teacher had developed when she
was a maid in the home of very well-to-do people in the Tallahassee area.
She had been given the responsibility of taking care of the little girl who was
the madame's daughter.
E: Do you remember the family's name?
G: No, I do not. She told me this years ago, but I guess I was too young to really
put it on paper and know who she was talking about. Anyway, she said she
had had only this one job and had worked for these people as a little girl and
then as a teenager. When she became old enough to go to school with the
madame's daughter, the madame gave her the responsibility of taking care of
the daughter--taking her lunchbox to school, seeing that she ate her lunch and
washed her hands after lunch and so forth, and [making sure she] went back
to class. She [Grandmother] was supposed to sit in the back of the classroom
and wait for the madame to come out every day and take her home.
She said that it was easy to watch what was happening in the classroom,
although she [was] sitting in the back of the room. She knew what went on
in the front of the room, and she learned a lot. It was against the law for
black people to read, so nobody could say that she was learning. She did not
tell anybody. But when the lady's daughter got into trouble with her
schoolwork, my grandmother said, "I can help her." The madame said: "If you
can help her, Henrietta, you do that because I need you to help her. We are
not going to tell anybody that you know as much as you do and that you
E: What would have happened to her if people had known she could read and
G: Well, I do not know. She might have failed. I have tried to find out from her
grandmother if the child would have failed in school had she not been there.
She seemed to have thought she was somewhat retarded. There was not that
much on retardation at that point.
Anyway, my grandmother said that she worked hard with her and went to
school with her until the slaves were freed. When the slaves were freed, my
grandmother was well on her way to getting a good basic education. She
pursued this business of getting schooling. She was one of the first black
women to be given a school, a one-teacher school. She had a lot of pupils
and a lot of classes in the same room, but it was a job, and it was a vocation.
E: Right. And this would have been right after the Civil War?
G: Yes, right after the Civil War. My grandmother had twelve children, and all
of them lived to be grown but two. My father was the oldest of the twelve.
After he and my mother were married, my mother was intrigued with her
mother-in-law's [education and vocation]. My mother had been to school
because she was not born in slavery, but she learned from my grandmother
how to get a certificate and how to have a one-teacher school, how to drive
the buggy and take care of the kids and get to school on time. I followed the
pattern of my grandmother by sitting in the back of the room by going to
school with my mother every day.
E: Oh, you did?
G: I sat in the back of my mother's classroom, and I learned to read and write
and all this stuff. When my mother found out that I was reading, she was in
shock because she had not taught me anything about reading. She thought I
was not quite ready. I had just picked it up from crawling around, playing
with my toys in the back of the classroom. So I enjoyed learning that my
mother and my grandmother started off with one-room schoolhouses.
My grandmother did a lot of this [teaching] when I was very small, but then
she gave up teaching because her kids were all grown and my grandfather had
died. She did not want to keep on working, so she retired. My mother kept
on teaching, and she moved on to better jobs and so forth.
To make a long story short about Tallahassee, when I came along, I went to
elementary school at Florida A & M University [FAMU]. There was an
elementary and a high school there in those days.
E: Were they part of the education department of Florida A & M?
G: The school provided the elementary school for the children of the professors.
Of course, it was open to anybody else who wanted to send their kids to
school in that area. There were a lot of walk-in kids that lived around
campus. I did not live near the campus, but I came in as a boarding student
with a family on campus and went to the elementary school.
E: You were a boarder even in elementary school?
G: Yes, I was a boarder in the elementary school. Although I was from
Tallahassee, it was too far to get from my house to the elementary school,
which was beyond the college, every morning. I had great difficulty [getting
there] and back home.
E: And your mother was still teaching, so she would not be able to take you?
G: Yes, my mother was employed, and my father was busy with shipping his milk,
so they had me board-in with this family.
E: You have two brothers?
G: I have two brothers. My mother lost two babies in her lifetime. One was
about two, and one was about one and a half. So she had three left [at that
time]. She had six kids all together: two died as babies, one died as a young
man, and three reached maturity.
E: Did the two die of one of the childhood diseases?
G: Yes. One had whooping cough, and one had pneumonia. They did not have
any of the [modern] drugs. That left four of us. She lost her oldest boy when
he was a young man playing football at Talladega College [in Talladega,
Alabama]. He had pneumonia. He played football one day in the rain and
developed pneumonia. They did not have sulfa drugs at that point. This was
in 1931. So she really lost three children.
E: So she had six?
E: Are your brothers younger than you or older?
G: I am the oldest child. The brother that died was next to me by ten months.
Of the two boys who are living, one is a physician in Lumberton, North
Carolina. He is married and has one child. The other is a lawyer in
Washington, D.C. He has two children.
E: Why did the one go to Lumberton?
G: The one that studied and went to Lumberton wanted to be a country doctor.
He always wanted to be a country doctor. As a little boy he wanted to study
medicine to be a country doctor. Somehow I guess he did not think of
drifting back to St. Augustine. I always wondered about that. He could have
been a nice country doctor here. But when I came here after I graduated
from college (I am getting a little bit ahead of myself) there were four black
physicians here at that point. Now we do not have any.
E: There were four?
G: Well, there were three physicians and one pharmacist. They called the
pharmacists doctors in those days, so that is why I said there were four
doctors. There were three physicians and one pharmacist.
Anyway, the brother who is in Washington, DC, studied law because he always
wanted to be a lawyer.
Let me back up. We came from Tallahassee to St. Augustine when President
Joseph A. Collier, who was president of the Florida Memorial College here,
came to Tallahassee to deliver a commencement address. [In 1912 it was St.
Augustine Industrial School. The college has since moved to Miami.] I was
a little girl, and my mother had a very good friend on campus who wanted her
to meet President Collier because she wanted my mother to have my father
sell the farm and leave Tallahassee so that he could make more money and
they could give the kids a better education than they could on the farm. My
father was not much for that because he had the two white horses and the
carriage. Every child had a horse, and he thought he was about as big a wig
as one could be on the hill in a nice house. [laughter] He thought he was
doing very well, but my mother had different ideas. She just said that cash
flow was not good enough and that they needed better jobs.
So President Collier did come and have dinner with us after he delivered the
commencement address that year, and he asked my father, "Are you married
to this beautiful place you have here?" My father said: "No, not really. If you
want to show me something better, [I would be interested]."
E: What year was that?
G: I was trying to think what year that was. I would have to go to my records to
see what year that was. But we were all small. I was still in high school, and
my brothers were seniors in elementary school. My brothers came home to
St. Augustine with my parents, but I stayed on and boarded and finished high
school in Tallahassee.
E: That would have been somewhere around about 1920?
G: Oh, no, this was much before that. I just do not want to take the time that
we have because I might be so wrong. It was a long time ago. My brothers
were young. [It was probably around 1912.]
E: You did not tell me the year you were born. Did you mean to leave that out?
G: I was born May 6, 1907.
E: May 6 is my son's birthday! Those are good people, those May 6 people.
G: Right. Beautiful. [laughter] So President Collier did make it attractive for
my father to take charge of the agriculture at the college, and my mother [was
hired] as a teacher.
E: At Florida Memorial [formerly St. Augustine Industrial]?
G: At the college. They both accepted jobs and moved to St. Augustine.
E: Oh, I did not know that was how you ended up here.
G: That is how I came here. I did not come here then. That is how they came
here; that is how the family came. It was a lot of years before I got here. I
stayed on and finished high school and then went to Florida A & M. I went
home summers and then went back to FAMU. They did not understand this
at Florida Memorial, because they could not understand why I did not come
with the family and just stay. I had started my high school there, so I wanted
to finish there.
Then when I finished, I did not want to come here to go to college. I wanted
to go to Boston University. That was in the back of my mind.
E: How did you decide on Boston University instead of Collier-Blocker?
G: Well, I was more interested in knowing the other side of the coin. I wanted
to live in a place that was not segregated. I wanted to go to a school that was
not segregated. I just wanted to know what made the world tick.
E: Had you ever been up North?
G: I had been as far as Washington, DC. That is about mid-way. That was
about the extent of my travels.
E: Had you gone there with your family?
G: No. When I was in Tallahassee, I was always elected to be the representative
of some conference--the YWCA or whatever--and I was a delegate here and
a delegate there. I did a lot of traveling in Tennessee. That is how I went to
Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, that is how I went to St. Augustine's [College]
in [Raleigh,] North Carolina, and just lots of places. They sent me because
I would come back and give a good report. I worked hard on campus as an
officer of the YWCA, so I got to travel a lot when I was young. But I did not
go up North.
Somewhere deep inside of me was this burning desire to know the other side
of the coin, so I decided that I would keep up this vision and figure out a way
to do this. Although my parents had better jobs and had more money, they
still did not have that kind of money to send me [to the] North and to pay
that kind of tuition.
E: Did they think it was a good idea for you to go north?
G: They did not think it was a good idea to begin with because my father had
heard how girls walking the streets of New York would fall in those vents on
the street and would be carried away to some foreign country and never be
heard from again.
E: Oh, dear! That is pretty scary. [laughter]
G: I still will not walk on a vent in New York. [laughter] I did not have the
money, and I did not worry about it. I worried more about getting my father's
consent. My mother always thought I was smart, and she was always willing
to hear my side of anything. I was not too ambitious for her, but I was much
too ambitious for my father. It worried him a lot. I was the only girl and his
favorite child, but he did not have the control that he wanted because he
could not control my mind. This bothered him, too. So he thought: "I will
just flatly refuse to let her go, and that will settle that. I do not want to hear
any talk about it." I heard my mother say to him one night (they did not
know that I was still awake): "If she still wants to go anyway, it will be awfully
embarrassing. Don't you think it would be much better to give her your
blessing and whatever else you have that you could give her?"
E: Your mother was pretty smart.
G: That is right. My mother was a very smart cookie. She said: "I think that
would be so much nicer. She will take care of herself. She is a good girl, and
she will come back." He said, "Yes, but you do not know what condition she
will come back in." My mother said: "Let's not cross any bridges. Just give
her a chance and let her try." He said, "What will she use for money?" My
mother said: "That is a good idea. What will she use for money? She seems
to have it all mapped out."
Well, I had taken typing and shorthand in high school, and I thought I was
good. I had taken home economics, and I had lived in Tallahassee. There
were very few summers that I did not take a whole lot of stuff. Whatever I
could take, I would take. I learned how to sew, how to cook, how to type,
how to write shorthand, and I thought that some of those skills would be
salable. I thought if push came to shove, I could scrub floors. I did not know
if they paid well for scrubbing floors. Whatever it took, that is what I was
willing to do.
Somehow it got through to President Collier that I was planning on leaving
as soon as I graduated and that nobody was able to talk me out of it. He
said: "I will tell you what we will do. If Miss Felder" (his secretary) "wants to
go on vacation, we will hire Miss Robinson to run the office for us while she
is away. Miss Felder and I will both take our vacations at the same time, and
we will leave her in charge. She will open the mail and answer it, and do the
best she can with the situation. She will work with Miss Blocker." Miss
Blocker was the lady that was sort of assistant president. The two of them
had founded the school together. I did, and they paid me well. I used that.
Anyway, I had heard that you could get the boat to New York by way of
Savannah. If you went to Savannah and took the Savannah Line, you could
get to New York for half the fare of what you would pay on the train or the
Clyde Line out of Jacksonville. I took the train to Savannah and took the
Savannah Line to New York. By the way, when the Savannah Line arrived
in New York harbor and I looked out the porthole and saw the city of New
York, I thought I had died and gone to heaven. [laughter] It was so
beautiful. I think someday I am going to get somebody to make a picture of
New York harbor coming from the south. You just have no idea how
beautiful it is. It was just like one castle after another. I said, "This is really
beautiful." Anyway, I stayed in New York for a week and then went on to
E: What year was this?
G: This was in 1920-something. I have all of this somewhere. I went to Boston
E: Who did you stay with in New York? Did you know anybody there?
G: Yes, I had some friends that met me at the pier. They took me to their home
and showed me a nice time. When I got to Boston, there was a lady in
Boston who had been on the faculty at Florida Memorial, and she met me at
the train and took me to the family that had promised that if I came they
would provide a room for me until I could find a better place. They did not
want me to stay permanently, but this would be something temporary. I could
get registered at school and do all the things you have to do [without worrying
about finding a place to live as well].
Well, they had to take in African students, and these families would take
students in the big cities. They lived in Cambridge about three or four blocks
from Harvard University. But I had to ride the street car from their house
to Harvard. I had to go to Harvard Square and then took the subway train
to Boston University. Boston University was not on the Charles River in
those days; it was in the city.
Let me back up and tell you something. When I got to Cambridge, to this
address on Parker Street where I was supposed to live, I had eighty dollars in
my pocketbook. That was between me and my future. [laughter] Can you
believe that? Almost any girl with good sense would say: "I made a big
mistake here. This is not going to work. This is just not going to work out."
What do you do when you do not have any money and you are about to
launch on a college career in a city like Boston or Cambridge? Here were all
these people who have nothing but money, and you think you are going to do
it? I thought I do not plan to go back home, so I had better figure out how
I am going to do this.
E: I am here.
G: I am here. Here we go. Anyway, it all worked out very well. I had decided
before I left home that I was going to work my way [through school]. I was
not going to ask my parents to even try to take care of me. Well, there was
no question about that. They did not have that kind of money. The boys had
to be taken care of. I do not know what they were paying to have the boys
go to Florida Memorial. That is just too far back to remember, but they were
taking care of the boys. They were looking forward to moving off campus and
buying a house in St. Augustine proper, at least building a house. They were
not happy with our home situation on campus. Anyway, they were just not in
a position to send money.
E: Excuse me a minute. I forgot to ask your brothers' names.
G: The one in Lumberton is Dr. Arthur James Robinson, and the one in
Washington is attorney Albert C. Robinson. The Robinson boys.
E: Thank you. I did not mean to interrupt.
G: That is all right. I was talking about the money. My landlady did not ask me
how much money I had or did not have. She said: "The rent would be very
reasonable. You can help me a lot if you are smart around the house. We
will go from there. You have to get out to see what you can do about your
tuition and getting registered and all that." I did, and I found that I just did
not have enough money to start anything.
E: You did not have enough for tuition, either?
G: No, I did not have enough for tuition. Tuition then was $3,000.
E: Oh, dear.
G: Not only did I not have enough for tuition, I did not have enough for her. I
did not have enough for my landlady.
E: What did you do?
G: I said I would get my records transferred from FAMU, because that had not
been done, and I would take a job. My first priority was to find something
that I could do. I did find a job. It was not all that great, but it was working
after school in the bookkeeping at school and working on holidays. Then I
got a lot of other work from other people that I met in the offices at school.
They would give me work to take home, so I took home lots of papers to type
and got them back on time. Then sometimes I gave people in the library a
hand. Instead of going to class I just worked that entire winter. That put me
That summer I went to Harvard for summer school rather than Boston
University because I could walk to Harvard from my house. I decided to go
to Harvard University for summer school and just to take some courses so
that when school opened in September I would not be too far behind. That
is what I did. I met a professor there who was one of my professors, and he
said to me one day: "How are you getting along here? Do you like it?" I
guess he was surprised to have this young woman from St. Augustine, Florida,
in his class. I was an enigma everywhere, first because I was black, second
because I was from the Deep South, and third because there were no other
blacks in the classes that I attended.
E: Not women or men?
G: No. So he asked how I was getting along, and I said: "I am doing very well
in every way but financially. I really need to make more money. I am not
making enough money. I work after school and on holidays, but it still is not
enough. I have been able to save a little money and get myself in line for
school, but I would be happier if I had more money." He asked what I could
do, and I told him, "I can do just about anything." [laughter]
E: You are not one for modesty.
G: I told him I could do just about anything. He asked, "Can you take care of
a party?" I said, "Oh, yes, I can take care of a party." "You can? Can you
cook anything?" I said: "Yes, I can cook anything. You just tell me what you
want cooked and what you want served at the party, and I will do it." So he
said, "You need to talk with my wife." I said all right. He gave me her
number and told me how to find her. Their house was between my house and
Harvard University. I could walk from her house to my house, walk from her
house to the store and back, and back to Harvard. I thought my goodness,
this is too good to be true. When I met the lady, she liked me. She said, "If
you can take care of my teas and luncheons, I will give it all to you."
E: She had to give regular luncheons and teas for faculty wives or something?
G: She gave a lot of teas and luncheons and things for professors' wives and for
visiting professors. Her husband was writing a book. There was always
somebody in that house. They had plenty of money, but I worked for it.
They did not give it away. But they did have it. She was impressed that I
knew how to do so many things, so she said: "I will tell you what to do first.
Let me concentrate on the luncheon that I am hosting this Saturday. You are
out of school on Saturday." (I was out of school all weekend.) "So I will
make a list of what I want to serve, and I want you to get it in for me, and
then I want you to tell me whether or not you can fix it. If you cannot fix it,
tell me what you cannot fix, and I will tell you who to hire to fix it for you.
We will work together this way. When it is over, I will just give you a check
for the whole thing, and you take out your pay. You pay the bills. You do
the shopping." I did the shopping, I did the hiring, I did all of her parties for
the entire time I was there.
E: The whole time you were in Boston.
G: The entire time.
E: Which professor was this, what family?
G: From that summer until I left. You know, I am old and cannot recall the
name, but that is one of the names that will always [be with me]. I will think
of it in a minute. Would you believe that?
E: So you had a steady job the rest of the time.
G: I had a steady job, plus what I was doing at the university I kept on doing.
See, this was a summer thing. When winter came and I was back at Boston
University, I still had to work in the office and take peoples' work home to
Then I was so rich that I was sending my folks change: "This will help with the
E: Oh, no. They must have wondered how you were making so much money.
G: What in the world is happening? I said, "I have a good job, and I have two
or three other jobs."
E: And you had some left over from tuition and stuff?
G: The thing about working in those days is you just did not have to be lazy.
Once you were smart, you had it made.
E: You could get plenty of jobs.
G: You could get jobs, people hired you, people paid you well, and they paid you
for what you were capable of doing. She loved to have me around. She loved
my honesty and my integrity and my manner and the way I was brought up.
She just liked everything about me. Both of them did. They did not make it
easy. They just treated me like you would treat a person that was hired, but
it was so beautiful because I needed them much more than they would ever
know. Anyway, that took care of the job situation, and I did not have to
worry about having my tuition.
I met a man at a party or somewhere [named] Ed Wick. It was just like I had
two lives. Nobody on this side knew anything about the Rosalie Robinson on
this side--that is, the sorority people [and] Countee Cullen [American poet
and novelist prominent in the Harlem Renaissance, Ed.], the poet who took
me out with my boyfriend. They did not know that I even worked.
G: Really. I thought it was wise when most of them had so much. It was wise
not to tell them that I had so little. I think it was smart. Even now I sit down
sometimes and wonder why it was that I never wanted them to know, and I
sort of feel that I was right.
G: You can hear your friends talk, and you can size up a lot from the
conversation that you have at a dance or at a sorority meeting of whatever.
You can fairly well judge what people think. I got the impression that [these]
people were not very happy with people who were that poor.
E: So you joined a sorority while you were at Boston University?
G: Oh, yes, indeed. I was made into the Alpha Kappa Alpha. I have been an
Alpha all my life. I still am. Alpha Kappa Alpha is the oldest black sorority
in America. I was made by this school into Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.
Countee Cullen, who was a budding poet at the time, was one of my best
E: How did you meet Cullen?
G: They had a place called 464 and [one called] 558. 464 Mass. [Massachusetts]
Avenue was sort of a gathering place for everybody from MIT [Massachusetts
Institute of Technology], Harvard University, Boston University, Tufts
[University], the University of Massachusetts--all the New England area,
especially around the Boston and Cambridge area. Those people met at 464
or 558 every Sunday.
E: That was the street address?
G: That was the street addresses of these charity houses, as they were called.
They were social gatherings. These were teas, and people who were
interested in college students put on these affairs because in the university you
did not see a black face. Countee was at Harvard. This other boy was going
with my best friend. Percy Junior was a scientist. He died some years back.
He was a budding scientist. He was at Harvard.
There was another man from London at Harvard who liked me very much
and wanted to marry me and take me to London. He was not black. He was
not invited to these affairs because he was not black.
But 464 Massachusetts Avenue and 558 Massachusetts Avenue were definitely
black gathering places, and this is where the black kids hung out on Sunday
afternoons and Saturday nights, if they were free.
E: Adults would sponsor these?
G: Adults sponsored all these social gatherings. There were always those ladies
who were teachers, doctors' wives, lawyers' wives--that scene.
E: What did you do at these gatherings? Were there readings and so on?
G: There would always be a program, and some of the participants were the
college students. I was a dramatic reader when I was young. I learned early
that if you had stage presence, that would get you places. I had been a public
speaker in Tallahassee. I had won a prize in elocution. I won a prize in
oratory. I beat out four or five boys in high school for the twenty-dollar gold
E: So you did not know what I was talking about in the car, right? [laughter]
G: I was just listening as you were telling me that you were panicked [about
giving a talk]. But this begins early. I had no idea why I worked so hard at
this speaking thing at Florida A & M, but now I realize that it was one of the
things that I really needed to have, and I did. Some seasons in the year the
churches would put on programs, would give what they called recitals. People
played the piano or the violin, or maybe there would be two or three musical
instruments. Then there would be a period when they would have a reader.
They called it a reader, but it was a speaker that came in and did a play--just
E: So this was common in churches to have these kinds of events.
G: Oh, yes, this was very common in churches, and sometimes at 464/558. Girls
would come in and do dramatic readings. See, dramatic reading is something
that is never done now, but it was very popular in my day.
E: People here told me that Richard Twine did these plays at the church. Would
that have been the same sort of thing, do you think?
G: This might have been the same kind of thing. It was popular. See, this was
a meeting place for black people, especially. Black students in these white
colleges always needed identity, needed people to work with them so they
could meet other black kids like themselves from other colleges. That would
have been the only way because the schools sponsored nothing. I sang in the
choir at school, but I was the only black one. I had a lead [solo] at
commencement, and I am not even a singer. [laughter] I do not know why
I had the lead. The song was Good-bye Forever. I do not know if you have
ever heard it. "Good-bye, good-bye, good-bye forever." It went way up there,
but I was trained to do it. I do not think I had that much of a voice, but I
think it was better than [most whites' voices]. See, black people have a gift
when it comes to music. Many of them have this gift, and I guess my gift was
blossoming at that point. Anyway, I got the lead.
But they would have these programs, and they were interesting, and they were
helpful because black kids had the opportunity to meet the other people in
Boston at that time. They would have never met them otherwise. We knew
where they lived. Some of the girls lived in dormitories. Segregation was the
predominant thing. If I had had enough money, I could not have lived in a
E: So even up North, the dormitories were segregated?
G: Even up North the dormitories were segregated. Even when I went back to
Boston to do my master's degree and I had married and had babies and
whatnot, I lived at the Y while I was looking for a place. The dormitories still
were not open.
I was talking about meeting people and getting on in Boston. I actually had
my life in pretty good shape at that point. But I had this terrible thing
happen at school. One of my professors--who now I know was sick, although
at that time I did not know what his problem was--suggested that [I go back
to Florida]. I was sort of upset about not getting my papers back, and he said
that they were so poor that he had not given them back because he had not
had time to mark all the things that were wrong with them. So he just put
them aside and wanted to talk to me about going back to Florida. I had had
black teachers, and he said, "You have never had white teachers, have you?"
I said, "A few in elementary school, a few who were doing work with the
college, but most of my teachers were black." He said: "Well, I do not want
to put that down, but I will say that you have not been prepared for this, and
I do not think that you should upset yourself. Just withdraw and go back to
Florida." I said: "Go back to Florida? Is it that bad? You are telling me that
my work is so poor that I cannot make it?"
E: What kind of a teacher was he? What course was he teaching?
G: He was teaching my major; he was teaching English. That was my major, and
if I could not do English to suit him, I needed to go back to Florida. I knew
that I was good. At Tallahassee I had been good. I was good in English and
science because I was taking pre-med. I had concerned myself with chemistry
and physics and taking the minimum in the arts so I could do the pre-med.
But I did not think I was going to have enough money because I could not
work my way through medical school. But I wanted to be ready just in case.
So I was good in science and in the arts. But he said I was not, and I had to
deal with that.
My first inclination was to just take a whole day and cry because I had had so
much invested. He said that I should go back to Florida, and I said I needed
to see what corrections he had made so that I could know what was wrong
with it. I was supposed to be a good student. He said, "Well, there is no
doubt you are in the estimation of the teachers you have had, but I do not
know how good they were." I thought well, I had a problem. "Anyway," he
said, "I really have a meeting coming up, and I cannot talk to you any longer.
But I want you to give some thought about withdrawing and going back. I will
not be able to help you in this course."
I panicked at first, and then I cried enough to get myself together. My first
idea was to go talk with the dean about what I had encountered. I was always
fairly able to take care of myself. I said to the dean that I thought I had a
problem that I did not think was mine. "I think it is my professor's problem,
but I need to be given a chance. I had so much trouble getting here and
getting this far. I do not think that you would want me to go back to Florida
without having had a chance to try. I do not think I have been given a chance
to try. I do not think the gentleman likes to look up and see me in the room."
He said, "But Little One (he called me 'Little One'), isn't that an indictment?"
I said: "Yes, sir, it is, but I do not think he likes to see me in this room. I do
not think he likes to look up in my direction and see my face. I think it
bothers him, and I do not think it is what I can do or not do. I do not think
it would change." He asked, "What do you suggest that I do?" I said, "Maybe
there is another professor in the university." He said: "It is past six weeks.
There is no way somebody else would take you." I said: "But if you told this
other person what I have told you, maybe this other person would think that
he would like to give me a chance. If he knew what went on, he might be
willing to help us. Would you be willing to try?" He looked at me a long
time, and he said, "Well, you will come back to my office tomorrow afternoon
at 2:00 and let me try." He was a good man.
I was there at 1:30 waiting outside. He had found a professor that was willing
to take me that late, and I said: "If you have found someone, I will gather all
the written [material] that I get back from him and leave it on your desk. I
will not disturb you. I will just leave it in your basket. When you see an
envelope with your name on it that is handwritten, you will know it is from
me. It is my paper. Take it, and look at it." I did not make any B's. I did
not make any B's.
E: They were all A's?
G: They were all A's.
E: On the papers in that envelope?
G: On the papers in that handful that I put on his desk. The new professor used
to write me from London--he went to London in the summer--and he knew.
I think he was so hurt to know that somebody would do this to a child.
E: Somebody on his faculty, besides.
G: I never saw the man again until commencement. We had on our caps and
gowns. You know how you just flit around. You can fly away! [laughter] I
went up to him and said, "How are you?" He looked at me like, "Is this
somebody I should know?" I said: "I am the girl you said should go back to
Florida. Don't you remember me?" He turned green. I knew he
remembered me to begin with, but I thought I would help him out.
But these are the people in the world who stop your world. They stop the
world and ask you to get off, and if you do not know how to take care of
yourself, you might get off because they have misled you. They have put you
down and made you think that you were that poor. But I knew that he had
to be wrong because I had been studying all my life, and I could not have
been that far on my way and not know how poor I was, or not poor.
G: I had to know that. Anyway, the dean was so proud that I did very well with
this other teacher that year and the next year, and I just got to be so popular
around the place. You would have thought I owned the place instead of
making the grades. [laughter] They would say, "That is the little black girl
E: So you went out and tried?
G: Oh, yes, indeed I did. It had its bad moments.
E: What happened to the man from London that wanted you to marry him?
G: The man from London carried this marriage certificate around in his pocket
for weeks to catch me at a weak moment. My father had said: "Come back
to St. Augustine with your degree, and let me see you as Miss Robinson, a
fine lady that you think you are going to be, and prove to me that you were
right and I am wrong. This is what you have to do. You cannot go up North
and come back another way." To me, that meant getting married, having a
baby, disgracing your family, getting sick, and dying. It meant a lot of things.
You should have seen how scared I was that I had not ruined something. I
was going to die, and my father was going to be mighty upset with me because
it was cold. Oh! Have you ever lived in Massachusetts?
G: There is some wind that never blows anyplace else like it blows in
Massachusetts. It goes right straight through you! So I did not marry. I went
out with a lot of fellows, and I was very popular and was very polite to
everybody, and everybody liked me. But like I said, back then I was a
working student. Working my way [through school] was my only business.
And my very closest friends--not my boyfriends but my closest girlfriends--
[were my other business].
E: What happened to Countee Cullen?
G: Countee Cullen was not a fellow who wanted to be serious with a girl. He
was good company and a nice fellow, and I did not have a problem with that.
He was very lovely to take me out because he always had a taxicab or the car
of a friend, so it was always nice to go out with him. He loved to take you
out to dinner and all that, so we had a very nice relationship. But you know,
I did not keep a single one of his poems that I had. At that time, he was not
famous. He was just a friend. So I guess that is the way it goes.
E: So you came back to St. Augustine as Miss Robinson.
G: I graduated from Boston University and came back to St. Augustine. I was
going to teach in New York. I had done the groundwork for getting a job in
New York, and I did not want to live in the Deep South because this
segregation thing bothered me. I did not want to be in a place where you
could not go into a restaurant, could not take a friend into a restaurant and
sit down and eat, like we did today. You could not do that in the Deep
E: I know.
G: In the Deep South, if you were in here talking to me like you were my friend,
that was questioned by your neighbors. Why is this white woman going into
her house? Why is this black woman going into this white woman's house?
E: You can hardly do it today, let alone in earlier years.
G: It is still bad. People still look twice. But this is the thing that I did not want,
to be in the Deep South. I always wanted to live like my daughter lives. She
has two sides to her life: all the white friends that do not like the black ones
and will not come when she has a party, and all the black ones that do not
like the white ones and do not come. Then there is another band that likes
each other, so she has a beautiful relationship. This is the way she has a
dinner party. She very seldom has an all-black dinner party and very seldom
has an all-white dinner party. But if she has a dinner party and has ten white
people and ten black people, they all like each other and all know each other
and are friends. It makes it nice. When I go up at Christmas-time, she has
... We have not talked about the children.
E: I was going to say we are getting ahead of ourselves. [laughter]
G: Anyway, that is what I always wanted, and that is not what I was going to get
in the Deep South. So I came back to St. Augustine just on a visit. I was
supposed to be here about a month.
E: This would have been 1924?
G: This was 1928. My father said: "Why not take a job here for a year and stay
with us? You have been away so long, and it would be nice. Then if you
want to go back to New York, [you have our blessing]." I said: "A whole
year? Oh, Lord, could I live in this place a whole year?" There was a friend
that I had met one summer when I used to come here when I was going to
FAMU, and she had a little party one night.
E: What was her name?
G: Her name was Mary Saunders. She said, "Would you like to come over and
meet some of the young folks that are around?" I said, "I am very sleepy, but
I will come." I had been up so long for exams and packing, and I was so
tired. Anyway, I went, and among the guests were Dr. Gordon, Dr. Forward,
[and] Dr. Mills. This was the second man I married. They were all there that
E: They were?
G: Yes. Dr. [Rudolph N.] Gordon was the children's father. [laughter]
E: So you met everybody all at once.
G: I met everybody all at once. Dr. Gordon called me the next [day]. It was
casual that night.
E: Had Dr. Gordon just come to St. Augustine? He was not from St. Augustine,
G: No, Dr. Gordon was Panamanian by way of London, where he had gone to
school, and by way of Boston and New York and Philadelphia and
Washington, DC. These were places where he had studied. But he had not
planned to live in Florida. He came here when he heard about making easy
money--the boom town. He was going to practice dentistry for a while and
then go back to New Jersey. He took the New Jersey board.
E: So he came to St. Augustine because it was booming then?
E: What year did he come here?
G: He must have come here in 1925. He was here several years before I came.
I met him, and he said: "Do not go back to New York to teach. You are
needed here." I said: "A lot of people are needed in a lot of places. You do
not have to stay just because you are needed. I do not think that I want [to
stay here]." Well, my father was pushing me to stay, and he was pushing me
to stay. On our first date we talked almost all night.
E: It is a wonder your father did not send you away then. [laughter]
G: I am telling you, he [Dr. Gordon] took me to a church--he was Episcopalian--
and took me up on the bay front. There is a big house up on the bay front
where there are steps all the way down to the waterfront, and you could sit
on the steps and look at the moon and see how beautiful the water was. The
Matanzas inlet is so pretty up there. I do not think that house is there
anymore. Anyway, that is where the church had a dinner; his church had a
dinner at this house. The people that owned the house were away in London,
and they had left it. So the mission used the house for their dinner, so we
went there for the dinner. We went up on this thing to look at the moon, and
when we came down, all the baskets were packed up and all the food was
E: It must have been a good conversation. [laughter]
G: That was the conversation of my life. He asked, "Can you scramble an egg?"
I said: "I can scramble an egg, but I do not know if I can scramble an egg in
my house at midnight. I do not know what my parents would think about
that." So he said, "Well, I am so hungry, and there is no restaurant," so we
went inside, and I scrambled some eggs and made some toast. We sat down
quietly and ate it. I do not need to tell you the rest. [laughter]
E: How long was it before you became engaged?
G: I guess a few months.
E: And then you were married. In what year did you get married?
E: That was a little longer than you intended to stay in St. Augustine.
G: Well, I had not planned to stay in St. Augustine at all, and he had not
planned it. But my parents were here, and they began falling apart very early,
especially my mother. I guess I did not have the courage [to leave them].
First I had a little boy; Rudolph was born. He was my first child. Teaching
here was difficult because we were going into the Depression and there was
not enough money. I was teaching, but I was not getting paid.
E: Where were you teaching at that time?
G: I had only one job.
E: At Excelsior [the public school for blacks in St. Augustine]?
G: Yes. I had only one job in St. Johns County my whole life.
E: Oh, really?
G: That is right. I had one boss.
E: So even when you moved to Ketterlinus School you stayed.
G: The St. Johns County School Board was the boss. I worked under several
principals, and I aspired for the principalship at Excelsior School after they
moved the school to Murray High because I was not particular about going
out to the location of Murray High [on the western edge of town]. I was
unhappy about that, and I applied for the principalship of Excelsior. But they
wanted to give it to a man. The black people said that Dr. Gordon made
enough to take care of me, so they should give the principalship to a man who
had to take care of a family. A black ought to have it. That made sense to
the school board. See, the school board was not concerned about preparation
or personality. They were mostly concerned about who needed a job. For
instance, when I got my master's in guidance, no white person had a degree
E: So you went back up to Boston after your baby was born?
G: I went to Boston University after my children were born and got my master's
E: So you had your master's degree when you applied for the principalship?
G: I had my master's degree when I applied for the principalship, and I also had
gone back to Tallahassee and taken administration and supervision. I had all
that on my certificate when I applied for the principalship. And I still did not
E: You did not need the job.
G: No, I guess I was happier as a counselor for the last twenty-eight years.
E: And you were broke? [laughter]
G: Well, I really was, but I am a great believer in the good lord directing our
lives. If we put our trust in him, and turn our lives over to him, and ask him
to guide us, then he takes charge. I always say he can look into the future
and see what is good for you and what is not, and what should make your life
and what cannot. Some decisions I never bothered to try to figure out
because I was letting him do it. He has never failed me. He has always made
the right decision. I would not have been happy as a principal, not as happy
as I was as a counselor, and I would not have influenced as many lives as a
principal as I did as a counselor. So you see, what you think you want a lot
of times is not what is best for you, but at that time it seems like you are
And that goes on through our whole lives. Every challenge, the way you meet
it, the action you take, the decisions you make often are influenced by the way
you really think when you think deep down in your heart where the lord
operates. This is not you thinking. He is thinking through you and telling you
what to do. That is what they call the "deep-down" thinking. Somehow he
gets the message over to you, and then you go on from there. I never
dreamed a decision. I never said, "Lord, let me see the moon move" or "Lord,
show me a star." That is not the way I do it. But it will reveal itself to me
what to do just as I am talking to you. I have learned how to do that. From
having had a childhood that was basically made by me, I have learned that it
works. It really works. You do not need to make these deep-down decisions
without any help.
E: That is true. So you were still teaching school in the 1960s here in St.
G: Yes. I was teaching when Martin Luther King, Jr., [was a leader in the civil
rights movement]. Dr. Gordon passed away. I did not go into that part of it.
I have not even said anything about my children. I will back up just a little.
We were married and had two beautiful children: a boy and a girl. The little
girl [Carlotta] wanted to be a doctor, and the little boy [Rudolph] wanted to
be a medical illustrator. We kept them here and sent them to the public
school, where I taught, for elementary school and high school. Then we sent
them to Massachusetts for finishing school, thinking that a year in a finishing
school would be adequate for my daughter and son to move on to a northern
college because times had changed a lot from what happened in the Deep
South, especially in the public schools here. I was at Florida A & M [when
I attended high school], which was a little different from a public school in St.
Augustine. I think it was a little more thorough, you had a better choice of
background, and you just had a better chance to get a more rounded
[education]. Plus you had the laboratories for your chemistry and physics and
whatever else you were taking. The chances were just a little better that your
training would be a little more thorough.
So I sent my daughter to Cushing Academy in Ashburnham, Massachusetts,
for a year. Then she chose Wheaton College in Norton, Massachusetts, for
her undergraduate [education]. My son chose Lincoln University in
Pennsylvania, which is a black college, for his college. He was very unhappy
in Pennsylvania, so he joined the air force. So they were on their ways to
making their lives. He was going to go to graduate school and do his
illustrating, and she was going to go to medical school and become a
pediatrician, although she later decided that she wanted to be an
analyst/psychiatrist because she could have her office [at home] and make her
own time. As a pediatrician she would have to leave her babies to go out to
take care of other babies, and she was worried about how her own babies
were getting along. But as a psychiatrist/analyst she could have her own
office [at home] and make her own time. It worked out very well. She did
very well with her medicine and all that, and my son was going to do his
illustrating back at Boston University, at my old school. He had a blood
vessel give way in his brain, and he died early. He was not a sick child; he
was never ill.
E: So he had no warning?
G: No warning, he just died in 1967. He had married Marjorie Manning, but
they had no children. Their father [Dr. Rudolph Gordon] passed [away]
before all of this. He passed in 1959 with his high blood pressure. (I am
getting my events mixed up here.)
G: Essential hypertension, they called it. We did not have the blood pressure pill
that we have now, so he died early. I was a widow for twelve years working
on their college and graduate school business and getting them through. He
[their father] had established a trust that helped me a lot with the children's
E: Dr. Gordon was a dentist in town?
G: He was a dentist in St. Augustine. I think he did more in the racial thing than
any person I have met since I have been here in these fifty-odd years.
E: What makes you say that?
G: Well, this is how he managed. He said: "I do not want to be a martyr. I
could never be somebody like Martin Luther King or any of those people who
want to give their lives for a cause because I do not want to be a martyr.
But," he said, "there is a lot I can do, and I will do what I can do on my level."
He built his own office building down on Bridge Street and had people come--
black and white--and sit in the same room.
E: So he had one waiting room when other doctors had two.
G: He had one waiting room. Everybody had two. He was invited to join the
staff at both hospitals, at East Coast Hospital and the Flagler Hospital, and
that had never been done before.
E: How did he get white patients? How did they hear about him?
G: This is how they knew about his being a good dentist: If they were in an
accident and their faces were all out of sorts and they had lost all their teeth
or some of [their teeth] or whatnot, he could do a reconstruction. He just
wanted a picture of what they looked like before this happened, and he would
take them into the operating room and fix them up.
E: So through his jobs at the hospitals he then developed his private practice.
G: Through his jobs at these hospitals the people wanted him. First, if he
extracted a tooth for a white person, that white person would tell another
white person, "You ought to go to Dr. Gordon on Bridge Street." He was up
over the Iceberg [Drugstore] then. "You ought to go to him." Then if he had
a patient, they would not go to anybody else. That is how it built up through
the years. He never told white people to come or black people to come.
He said that black people would go to Jacksonville to keep from coming to
him because they had a feeling that if they could go out of town to get their
work done, then it would put a crimp on his style. That was his expression,
meaning that he would not do so well if people took their business elsewhere.
But he said he never gave them a reason to want to do that. He said, "I have
friends that did not know that I knew that they went out of town to have their
dental work done, and I was their friend."
E: I do not understand why they would do that.
G: I do not understand it either, but he said those things happened. During the
Depression he said he had a heck of a time trying to keep his books straight
so that all the money he made would not be on the books. [Many accounts
were on credit--never paid--so books looked better than reality. Ed.] This was
a very poor community. He said, "White people began to find out about me,
and that made it much better because I could then draw from the black
community and the white community, and I could make a living."
But then the black people got upset because usually if he had given them an
appointment for 2:00, they would come around 1:00, hoping that they could
get in a little earlier. Or if he did not give them an appointment at all, he
told them, "If you want to come and wait, I will try to work you in." Then the
room would be full. He just could not win. There would be people needing
another chair, and the black people would go to the back door and say,
"Which door do you come in here?" He would say: "That back door is my
door to sneak off when I have to get a sandwich. You come in the front door
where the waiting room is." They would say, "It is full of white people." He
would say: "They will not bite you, I promise. Just come in and sit down and
be nice, and they will be nice to you." So he accomplished that. They sat
down in the same room and waited for him, and they did not bite each other.
E: This was in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s?
G: Yes, ma'am, this was all of that, the 1930s, the 1940s, and 1950s. Martin
Luther King had not been here, either. When I went to the doctor with my
babies, my last doctor was not a black doctor, and he had a special chair for
me in the hallway by the water fountain. He thought that because I was a
doctor's wife he could not send me to the waiting room he had for black
people because that would not be nice. I was not good enough, I guess, to sit
in the waiting room he had for white people only. There was a sign: "White
Only," "Black Only." So he was confused as to what to do with me.
E: Why did you go to him?
G: I went to him because the black doctors did not practice in the hospital. The
black doctor could be your doctor at your house, but he could not go to the
hospital with you when your baby was born. No black doctor had ever been
in the hospital to practice.
E: None of them had practicing privileges in the hospitals?
G: Dr. Gordon was the only one I ever heard of for the poor.
E: So if you did not have a midwife delivery, then you had to find a white doctor
that would take you as a patient.
G: Right, or a black doctor that would deliver you at your house.
E: That was until when?
G: Until the 1960s. I do not know if a black doctor could deliver you at the
hospital now. I do not know any black doctor that is on the staff or who had
been on the staff since Dr. Gordon died. He did not deliver babies; he was
a dentist--and the only black one, to my knowledge.
E: Is there a black doctor in town now?
G: There is not one now, but there were black doctors, lots of them. But they
would not come here because of this. They had no hospital privileges.
E: So we lost the people we might have gotten because of that.
G: We lost all our possibilities, yes. A black doctor's settling here was
completely out of the question.
E: And teaching in the schools, when did they start integrating?
G: The black kids went to the high school in the 1960s, I guess it must have been
1965 or something like that. I have to go to the history for that one.
E: When did you first have a white student?
G: Oh, I did not go as soon as the schools were integrated. I stayed in the black
high school. I was head of the department at the black school, so I kept my
job as a head counselor. I had my office in the black school. I was not
anxious to move over because, like I said, there still were no white people in
the county that had a master's degree in guidance, and this was a thing with
the school board. They were worried about what to do with me because it
was a very long time before they gave me a job and a salary and
acknowledged the work that I had done in guidance.
E: So even though you had a master's degree, it did not make a difference?
G: They did not want to have somebody in the black school that they did not
have in the white school, so they managed to get that straight by appointing
someone that could do the job, I guess. I cannot remember just how they
worked that out, but they did want to have anything in any black school that
they did not have already in a white school.
E: What was your sense of the community when black kids first started going to
the white school? I guess that is how it was first. How did they decide who
would go where?
G: The first children, if I remember correctly, that went to other schools were
volunteers. They wanted to go; they were willing to integrate. All the
children were not willing. Some really did not want to go. There had been
so much fussing and fighting and things. That whole thing was pretty
horrendous, those civil rights things: Martin Luther King and the whole
business of getting the town integrated, getting the restaurants integrated,
getting people to sit down and realize that they would not be bitten by each
E: They did not start the school integration until after the 1964-1965 school year.
G: The law passed; they had to pass the law first. After the law was passed, then
the schools had to be integrated. But they did not force it on people. I think
they started with volunteers.
E: In what ways did your life change? What did you do when Martin Luther
King was here when all the riots and marches and so on [were going on]?
G: Oh, when Martin Luther King was here in the crisis situation, I was a part of
the solution, not the problem. [laughter] And I was proud to have been.
E: By saying that, what do you mean?
G: They had a lot of meetings. Martin Luther King did not just come here and
appear in St. Augustine one day. He had a lot of workers that came here
months and months [earlier] to teach people how to handle it, how not to get
killed--that is really how to put it--how to march at night without being too
afraid, how to march period, [and] how to go to jail and not feel that your life
had ended. My parents told me never to go to jail. They never wanted to
hear that I was in jail. So going to jail was a bad thing, and they had to teach
them that this was the way it had to be done.
E: Did you go to any of the classes?
G: Yes, I went to all of them.
E: Oh, you did.
G: Yes. Every time I got out of school, whenever I got home (I was a widow
during this period), I would rush around to get all my things done and get
ready for school the next day so I could attend the afternoon meetings they
had for the children and the night meetings they had for the adults.
E: Did most of the people in the community, in Lincolnville, go to the meetings?
G: Yes, but very few of the people who were teachers. I think I was the only
black woman who was a teacher. There were one or two black men. See, the
threat went around that if you were involved in this, you might lose your job.
E: Which was not an empty threat.
G: It was not an empty threat, I imagine. But I do not think they ever had to
prove it. They did not fire me, and nobody was ever unkind to me about it.
But they said that I got away with it because I could have taken care of myself
in the event that I had gotten fired. I was well prepared and could have
E: So they did not have any way to threaten you.
G: Yes, but that would still be the punishment for doing it. I do not think they
would have. I knew the superintendent, I knew all the board members, and
I do not think anybody would have taken it out on me for being a part of it.
Black teachers were just scared. They were scared of doing it, and they were
also not very happy about being involved. I do not think they really thought
it was that important for them to be involved.
G: I think a lot of them thought it was something you let somebody else do.
E: But were not the teachers and the ministers always the leaders in the
community? If they did not take part, [the cause would be lost].
G: You thought that, but that separated the men from the boys and the women
from the girls. It was a whole different ballgame when it came down to "Here
we are. What day are you going to go to jail?" See, the kids--the young
people--really took the brunt of the whole terrible thing in that they were put
in trucks and put in wire fence and put in jail, and there was not room enough
[for them all]. They were really mistreated.
E: The young people went to school. How young?
G: Well, whenever they wanted to get themselves into trouble, they knew how to
do it. I cannot remember what they would do to get arrested. You had to do
things to get arrested, like going down to the drugstore and sitting at the
counter. It would seem as if I was not there. The memory goes from you if
you do not write some of this down. But they found reasons to arrest them,
and they really did do it. I think that was a bad time for St. Augustine. That
was a very bad time.
But it was needed. People who sit down and say there was no need are crazy.
See, they had never been black. I have been black. I was born black, and I
know what you could do and what you could not, and I know how much it
meant to be a second-class citizen, and I resented it.
E: How did you feel when you went into a place that was for whites only?
G: How would you feel if you went to the library and you were a teacher, and
you carried your child, and your child is now a college student in another city,
and you carry a child with a book and ask: "Do you think you have any of this
reference material? Could you let us take it home for the weekend to use
and then [let us] bring it back [Monday], since you will be closed Saturday and
Sunday? Will that interfere with your program?" and then they shut the door
on your foot? You have to move your foot to keep them from doing that, and
they hurt your toe.
E: And the librarian knew who you were?
G: The librarian knew.
E: And this was a public library?
G: This was a public library. [Later,] when you could get a card and you were
black, I never wanted a card.
E: You could not get a card there, could you?
G: I thought I would never go in that building again. I do go to the new library,
but I could not go back to the other one. That is how bad it was. She said,
"Do not blame me. I just work here." Of course, you know I wanted to hit
E: Was your daughter with you at the time?
G: My daughter said, "This is the place you chose to call home?" She tried to
chastise me. I said: "This is home, and this is your home. We just have to
work on it." She loves St. Augustine, but she knows, too, the price some of
us paid to call this home. We paid a big price. If you were black, you paid
it because it was not automatic that you were a citizen. You were just
somebody that lived here and had a brown face.
E: So you think most of the people in the Lincolnville community, anyway, were
behind the movement? They were ready to do [what they had to do]?
G: Yes, everybody was behind the movement. Most of these people walked at
night. A lot of them went to jail. See, I am not non-violent, and I knew I was
not. I told the men that were working for King that there were things I could
do. I could make contributions, I could help with dinners, I could help
prepare for the bigwigs. Martin Luther King himself came, and I was glad to
be a part of the preparations of the dinners and stuff. But I could not march.
I do not march at night [in areas] with bushes where people are going to jump
out and hit me with a stick because I might try to hurt you. I might try to find
out who did that. "Who hit me?" [laughter] I am not non-violent.
E: You would think that that non-violent part would have been hard for a lot of
the men, too.
G: It was hard for a lot of people. I always thought it was great. My kids, the
seniors, asked me at school that day: "What day are you going to go to jail?
Everybody has their day. You have to be in jail. You have to do something.
You have to get arrested." I said: "I am not going to go to jail. They know
what I can do, and I know what I can do. I cannot go to jail." This was a day
or two before Mrs. [Malcolm] Peabody [wife of Bishop Malcolm Peabody of
Boston] went to jail. I was supposed to keep Mrs. Peabody; she was supposed
to be my house guest. But I said: "No. They may throw Molotov cocktails
into my window, and I am a widow. I do not want to be in here alone with
Mrs. Peabody and no man in this house."
E: So where did Mrs. Peabody stay? [Mrs. Peabody came to St. Augustine in
March of 1964 to participate in a Florida Spring Project similar to the
Mississippi Summer Project. College students on spring break and other
people came to St. Augustine to demonstrate. Ed.]
G: She stayed with some people down in the area where the recreation center is,
the Willie Gallimore Center. I cannot remember which house it was, but a
nice little lady took her in. She did not have a husband, either, but she was
E: She might not have had kids, either.
G: It took a lot of courage to do a lot of things then. It was like a political thing.
I was afraid I was going to get murdered, but I wanted to do it. I prayed over
it, and I had gotten my answer: This is what you have to do. You have to
make some sacrifices.
E: Now, were you friends with Dr. [Robert] Hayling [the dentist and local leader
in the civil rights movement]?
G: Dr. Hayling was rooming from me; he rented an office from me. He was
from Tallahassee, and he heard that Dr. Gordon had died and that I was
looking for a dentist, so he came. In fact, the first two months he was here
he stayed with me while he was looking for a place. But I do not think that
Dr. Hayling would have had to do what he did--you know the background of
all this--if he had not been beaten by the Klan.
The whole thing started when the Klansmen thought that he was spying on
them [at a meeting in September 1963, three miles south of St. Augustine],
and they ran him and a friend up a road that was a dead end. They caught
them and tried to murder them. They beat them with chains. He looked a
E: Who was his friend? Was he the one that was a barber?
G: Yes, Clyde Jenkins. Clyde and Dr. Hayling were in this car together, and they
beat them unmercifully. I think that he was so bitter that he decided then
and there that if he lived he would do something about it. So that was his
every-day dream from then until it was over. You know, it ruined his
practice. He did not have a dental practice when it was over. But he did all
right where he went, down to the Cape Canaveral area.
E: You say he looked a sight after that.
G: Yes. They took him to the hospital, and I had a feeling that they were going
to finish him. That is the way the Klan operates.
E: Finish him at the hospital or at some other time?
G: Oh, they might go in and find you. From the things that they had done in
Mississippi and all over the place, you knew that you were in danger once you
had incurred their wrath. I called the Alpha [Phi Alpha fraternity] men, the
medical doctors and dentists out of Jacksonville--they were my deceased
husband's friends--and I asked them if they would send somebody over here
and get him out of the hospital and take him to Jacksonville.
E: Oh, you did?
G: Yes. They came and took him to Jacksonville and took care of him there.
So if the Klan came to Flagler Hospital that night to finish him, he was not
I think that from then on he planned his strategy to get them, to straighten
out this situation, because this should not have happened. I do not say that
going to a Klan meeting is right, but still the roads are free, and they were in
E: Were there a lot of Klan meetings in St. Augustine then?
G: The Klan had paraded here on several occasions in my lifetime. I know they
wanted to keep the threat going that they were bad, real bad, and black
people had been in the habit of going into their houses and closing their
doors. That had been going on. They had been here before.
E: In St. Augustine, do you think it was different than in most towns because
there was not one single area that was a black area of town; it was sort of
spread out in a lot of areas?
G: Well, St. Augustine had no black area as such. There is no area in
Lincolnville where some white person does not live.
E: That is true. That was true then, too?
G: That was true then. I think there were more white people in the Lincolnville
area then than there are now. But that was not it. The problem was that
nobody in St. Augustine had ever tried [to change the situation] because just
what a lot of people will tell you was happening [was, indeed, happening].
I will give you a better example than I can explain it. When my daughter was
at Wheaton, her French teacher's parents wanted to come to Florida for a
visit. Her French teacher told them: "Look up Mrs. Gordon in St. Augustine.
I have her daughter in my French class. She is a nice person. She has been
to the campus" (I had been to visit my daughter at Wheaton) "and you will
like her." I had talked to them on the telephone, but I had not met them in
person. I told them that St. Augustine was segregated. "If you come here to
live with me, you will have to live as if you were black. Your white friends
in the white community will not visit you in my house, neither will I be
allowed to visit you in their houses because black people and white people do
not visit here like they normally would in other places. Also, there is no place
that I can take you to eat. You will have to eat your meals at my house or
eat your meals at a restaurant in the white community. These are decisions
you will have to make. If you live in my house, then you will have to eat in
my house. You will be segregated. If you live with your white friends, you
can live with them, eat and visit with me at my house, and go back to your
white friends. You make the choice." Since I was teaching, they thought it
would be better not to be here in the house while I was gone to school. (I
had a full-time cook in those days.) They wanted to live in their own place
and visit both of us, their white friends and black friends.
So that is what they did. They took an apartment where they had cooking
privileges, and they visited their white friends. But most of their meals they
ate here. They did not eat out that much. I had a very good cook, and she
did beautiful meals. We all had a good time getting together in the evening.
E: Who was your cook then?
G: She is dead now. She had been cooking for me for nine years. At various
times I had various people, but from the time we were married until the time
my husband died there was always a full-time person in this house that cooked
and did the shopping and the cleaning and things around the house. A
doctor's wife in the Deep South had to have a maid. You were not a doctor's
wife if you did not have a maid. There was something wrong with your
doctor. [laughter] This is really crazy, but is was one of the facts of life.
When the children were little I had a maid and a nurse for the baby, for the
children. What do you call them?
E: A nanny.
G: Nanny. Yes, ma'am. You had to do that.
E: The people would have thought it was strange [and that if you did not have
a maid or nanny], that your husband was a failure.
G: And that meant, too, your husband had to do this for himself. This was taking
care of his family as a professional. See, we associated with professionals.
We had friends in Deland that we spent the night with. The other doctor that
used to be here moved to Deland, so we went there and spent the night, and
they came here and spent the night. Our friends in Jacksonville, the doctors
and lawyers and candlestick makers and whatever, were all professionals. We
had our own little clique of people.
E: Do you think that made it harder to be a part of the black community here
G: No, we were a part of it, too.
E: So it did not set you apart.
G: No. We played the game. The only thing was neither of us was accustomed
to being close with nonprofessionals. We did not know how to spend a lot of
time making small talk.
E: You did not go out for a beer or something?
G: No, we did not go out for a beer [nor] did we like to fool around. We did not
want to send our kids to visit people that were not home and did not know
where the kids were. We built a playhouse, and we had the children come
here and play in the playhouse. We had a movie machine and a doll house
with dolls and trains and stuff for the kids to play with. But I could be in
charge. I could see who was playing with my kids and what they were doing,
as well as being in charge. So it was nice. You have to figure out all sorts
of ways to bring up kids in a community where there is no structure.
E: What do you mean, a community where there is no structure?
G: Well, some people just let their children roam the streets.
E: Even when your kids were young?
G: Oh, yes. Everybody watched everybody's kids, but they were always found in
the street. There were always what you call "latch-key kids" that went home
with the keys and would go into [the house] and wait for Mama to come.
Heaven knows what goes on when there is nobody there. That is mostly what
I am talking about. If they were not in the street, they were home alone, and
that was just as bad, or worse.
E: So you had a good life, even though it was restricted in some ways.
G: I had a very good life. On Monday I took my daughter to piano, on Tuesday
my son to saxophone, on Wednesday my son to piano, on Thursday my
daughter to dance class. I picked up all the dancers, picked up the musician
that played for the dancers, and paid the dance teacher. [laughter] They took
ballet; that was ballet.
E: Where did these lessons take place?
G: In the school building.
E: Was the teacher white?
G: I had been busy teaching all day, but you have to bring up your kids. And to
bring them up middle class was a very hard job in a place like this. You have
to make your own situation. I made all the tutus.
E: Those sewing skills came in handy.
G: I did not do all the tutus. In other words, you have to be innovative and
figure out all kinds of ways. People in Washington want to know why my
daughter is so versatile? Why is she so smart? Why is she so this? They
think that she is the best thing, as her old lady says, since sliced bread.
E: Oh, in talking about your daughter we left out the fact that she is in
Washington. Where did she go for her medical school?
G: She went to Howard University School of Medicine, and her husband went to
Howard University School of Law [in Washington, DC].
E: Her husband did?
G: Yes, and they both lived in Washington.
E: What is her name now, her husband's name?
G: Her name is Carlotta Gordon Miles. She has an office on Connecticut
Avenue, and she has a psychiatry practice. She is a psycho-therapist, and he
is a lawyer. He is way ahead in that he is now the counsel for National
E: What is his first name?
G: Theodore Anthony Miles.
E: And they have lived in Washington since they got out of medical and law
G: Yes, they have lived in Washington since they got out of medical school and
law school. They live at 2115 Yorktown Road NW in Washington, DC. They
have three children. The oldest one is at George Washington University's
medical school [in Washington, DC], and the second one, a girl, is in a law
firm now. She graduated from Columbia University last year. She did not
want to go right on to law school, so she is doing a year in a firm where there
are several lawyers in the downtown area of Washington, DC. She is just
working as an assistant to get to know what law is all about. The third one
is a girl. She is a junior at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
She is working for President Bush this year. She took a year off to be an
intern in the Bush Administration at the White House.
E: What does she do there?
G: She is some kind of liaison person in the office. She has to arrange to meet
people who come to see the president. They have to come to the office
where she works first.
E: That must be pretty exciting for her.
G: It is, very.
E: Which brings me to something we almost forgot. You ran for office here
once. Could you tell me about your own political life?
G: Let me go back. In 1965, right after the Civil Rights Act was passed, people
thought, citizens thought, everybody thought that the black people needed to
do something more than just getting integrated and getting the Civil Rights
Act. They needed to be in the political scene, as well, if St. Augustine was
going to thrive and if blacks were going to prosper in this new state of being.
I will not say free, but first-class citizens. A group of men from various
E: From the black churches or black and white churches?
G: Black churches only. ... came here on a Sunday night right after services and
rang my bell. [There were] about ten of them. They wanted to know if I
would be willing to be a candidate for the city commission. I wanted to say,
"Are you crazy or something?"
E: What was their thinking? They must have had a list and said, "All right, she
is going to be the one."
G: All of them agreed that I was perhaps the only black person in St. Augustine
that could win.
E: What made them decide that?
G: Well, I think they had a vision of a person that can be black, can be white,
can be purple, can be green, can be red, and still be happy. This was a
person who has all these friends who are all of these things.
E: You had had more friends in the white community than most people in the
G: Yes. You know, people get to know things about you that you do not even
know that they know, or you have not even thought that they thought about.
But they watch. They know you much better than you have any idea. I
thought: "How could they think that I could win? I do not know that I can
win this thing. I might get shot." I was more worried about getting shot than
I was about winning.
E: That was probably a reasonable fear. [laughter]
G: It was a reasonable fear because they were killing people for less in this crazy
place. People were losing their lives.
E: Did you know people in St. Augustine that were killed?
G: Let me put it this way. A lot of people were hurt during the movement,
during the civil rights thing. The person that was killed [William D. Kinard,
October 25, 1963] was a white man, but it had to do with this whole business.
E: That was the Goldie Eubanks [situation]? The one [who was killed] that went
by the Eubanks house?
G: Yes. They had been climbing in and out of Eubanks's windows. Yes! People
would just climb into the window. After the man was killed, people just
walked into people's houses to find out what you were talking about. It was
just really crazy. They were just trying to find out who did it. I do not think
they ever knew who did it, but the [black] people were tired of being
harassed. I think somebody had to do it, but I think they thought they were
justified. That [the killing of Kinard] sort of brought that era to an end.
People stopped harassing black people and taking for granted that they were
going to harass them and get away with it. That is what the youngsters were
doing [when Kinard was killed]. That is why those kids were driving cars
through the black community. That had been going on for some time.
Anyway, coming back to me as a politician. That is the last thing I had ever
thought of myself, was as a politician. I had always thought that people that
ran for office always seemed to have something wrong with them.
E: Did you think that, really?
G: Yes, I really did. By the time the public gets through with them, there is
something wrong. They dig up something that really is embarrassing or
something. I said, "I do not know if I want to do this." They said: "Do not
answer us now. Just think about it."
E: Which ministers were they?
G: These were not ministers.
E: Oh, I thought you said they were ten people from the church.
G: Otis Mason was the leader. Malcolm Jones was another. Rudolph Hadley
was the campaign manager. I cannot recall the rest, but it was that age level
of young men.
E: There were no preachers with them. They were just laymen. I thought you
said that some people had gotten together at the church.
G: President Royal W. Puryear was with them. He was the president of the
[Florida Memorial] College at that time.
G: They were people like that. There were no preachers or ministers with them,
but the ministers were in accord. Everybody thought: "She ought to run
because she could win. She can campaign heavily in the white community,
and we will support her in the black community, and she could be a winner."
Everybody thought that I had won after I went through the primary so well.
E: Tell me about the primary. What did you do when you were running? What
was your campaign like? Who helped you?
G: I had campaign headquarters down on Washington Street, right on the corner
where [Olen] Meredith's [law] office is. There was a building there, and that
is where my campaign office was.
E: At the corner of Washington and Bridge streets?
G: The corner of Washington and Bridge, yes. I had all the helpers that I could
E: People from the neighborhood?
G: All the people from the neighborhood. Dr. Hayling wanted me to have some
people from New York--some national figures that were used to going into
small communities and taking over the political scene and running it--[help
out], but I told them no.
E: Like from the NAACP or something like that?
G: Not the NAACP, but there were a couple other organizations in New York
that would send people to take over the southern scene. But I said that they
did not belong here. "These people do not know them. I can do a better job
with the people from here." So I told them not to have them come. They
came anyway, but I did not give them a job.
Anyway, they were around, and that was one thing that Hayling and I sort of
fell out about. (I will go into that part a little bit later. I will go back to the
actual running.) I ran well. I worked hard on Anastasia Island and in the
E: Did you go door to door?
G: Yes, door to door, and to downtown streets, handshaking and kissing babies.
You name it, that is what I did.
E: Now, for what [office] were you running?
G: I was running for a seat on the city commission. There were several white
men running. There were no other women in the campaign. So I beat three
white men in the primary, so that made it very interesting.
E: Very good. That must have put fear in a lot of people's hearts.
G: It did. A lot of people were very happy because most of the white people
wanted me to win. When I tell you why I lost you will fall out of your chair.
I lost because my people were not ready.
E: What? The black community did not vote for you?
G: The black people turned out, but they just did not work hard enough. They
were home getting ready for the victory ball instead of being at the polls at
the last minute.
See, we had a card on everybody that was registered to vote. We did our
homework. We registered the people, and then we made a card with their
addresses and telephone numbers. We had a box at each polling place, and
people were supposed to sit across the street and watch who showed up and
mark their card so afterward we could make a survey of who did not vote.
We did not have to mark the cards. The newspapers showed just where the
discrepancies among the precincts were.
E: And they were right here?
G: Right in the black community is where it all happened.
E: Oh, no. But you got [votes from] a lot of white folks?
G: I got a lot of white folks in all the white precincts.
E: So you got the majority of votes in which precincts?
G: I got the majority of votes in the white precincts where I should not have.
E: What do you mean, where you should not have? The richest area? The most
conservative white areas?
G: No, I think the areas where the whites were liberal, less conservative, and
more affluent. I got the rest of the high vote in the Lincolnville area. Several
white areas surprised me. I did very well in Anastasia Island.
The interesting thing was the Associated Press came in here about 2:00 the
day before, and they went in the kitchen, in the yard, in the living room, and
they had me primping and cooking. I was going to be all over the United
States the next day because I was going to win the election. I was going to be
the first black woman in the Deep South to sit on the commission. It did not
happen, and everybody was in shock. Even the black people who did not vote
were in shock.
E: Do you remember what the count was at the end?
G: I have it somewhere in the attic. I tell you, they were as surprised as I was.
E: The newspaper people?
G: No, the black people that did not show up at the polls were upset. They said:
"I would not be surprised if some of them did not come out to vote. You
know how our people are. She did not go to their houses. Maybe they
thought she should have come to their house." They were trying to give
excuses. I learned one thing: Nobody should ever take a vote for granted.
Nobody should think that because people like you that they are going to vote
for you. You never know what they will do once they get in behind the
curtain, or maybe they will not even show up at all. So you have to work just
as hard on those that you already have as you do on those that you are
getting. But I did not know that. I believed people. I was willing to stick my
neck out and get myself killed, and I thought they were behind me 100
E: But you looked around, and they were not there.
G: They were not there. And then somebody had the nerve to say it was because
I did not beg them. That was not true. See, I was so put out when I pulled
the cards that they were not checked [meaning the person had not voted].
Then I thought why am I doing this to myself? I ran well, and I did a good
job. Close the book. But I made the way for Otis Mason [superintendent of
schools] and [Henry] Twine [city commissioner] and all of them.
E: Yes, you did.
G: I paved the way for them, so that was a good thing that I did.
E: Oh, yes.
G: That was a good thing I did for St. Augustine.
E: Probably Mr. Mason remembers, and maybe Mr. Twine, too.
G: Oh, they both remember. They have, I think, a lot of love and respect for me
as a person. I think I have always been a little bit much for most men
because I am a different kind of woman. I know that. Even some women are
intimidated by me, and I know that, too. But I try to be a regular, good ol'
guy. I just believe in things like they should be, and I believe in hard work,
and I believe in doing a job well, and I believe that you should be what you
say you are, and things like that. I do not apologize for that. But I think a
woman that thinks this way and that dares to be a politician, a teacher, a
counselor, a mother, a wife, a citizen, a community worker, and all that--these
are a lot of titles for most people. [laughter]
E: Yes. Speaking of community work, do you want to tell me a little about the
Council on Aging and what you did to get that organized?
G: Well, I retired from the school system, and I was no longer [working with
people and meeting challenges like I was used to].
E: What year did you retire?
G: [In] 1971.
E: That was a pretty long career in teaching.
G: Forty-four years. Where did the time go?
E: I do not know, but I know when we go anywhere all your students are out
there in town yet.
G: You mean my grandkids?
E: The grandkids of students, yes.
G: I retired from the teaching profession, and I was upset that I was not going
to be with my children anymore. I was not going to have anything challenging
to face the next morning. I was just at loose ends, and I did not like
retirement at all. This is what I am thinking as I am closing my office and
sending over to the junior high where I was the papers from Ketterlinus. It
took me almost all summer to get all the materials like I wanted to leave it.
You are not coming back, so everything that you do in your office has to be
right because there is nobody to ask. You were not there anymore, and you
do not want people guessing about what you meant to do with this and how
you meant to fix that and whose record is not complete and whatnot. So I
worked practically all summer to get finished with that, and then when I
realized that when school opened in September I was not going to be going
back, I did not like what I saw.
I did not think anything about the elderly. Somehow that had not even come
up in my consciousness. But I was thinking that I would concentrate on Echo
House and getting this black studies [a center for black history] library going.
That would take more than enough time and energy because I had already
gotten the building.
E: Oh, you had the idea for that in the 1970s, in 1971.
G: Oh, yes. Not only did I have the idea, I had the building. I had that building
before I started working with the elderly. Well, I went to see some old lady,
and her curtains were about to fall off the wall. They had been there so long,
just hanging. There was no place to sit, not a clean chair. There were old
clothes all over the place and dirty dishes in the kitchen. It was just a bad
scene, and I thought: "Oh, Lord, how in the world can this old lady be sick in
here? There must be a program in the world where they take care of people
that cannot take care of themselves."
I got a letter from the agency in Jacksonville--it was not called an area agency
then--that sponsored the programs for the elderly, and they asked us to come
to the city building for a meeting. They asked me if I would come. I thought
maybe something would come out of it. So I went to the meeting, and they
were talking about the programs that they had going in Jacksonville, and I
thought how nice it would be to have some of these programs going in St.
Augustine. I asked why we had not heard about them before. They always
tell you they contacted so-and-so, but that was the end of it. I do not know
what kinds of excuses they gave, but I know when information like that goes
out across the state, everybody receives a notice. But nobody in St. Augustine
had attempted to take any action on this notice. That answered my question.
We were right at square one. There were several of those meetings, and I
attended all of them.
A lawyer or judge had accepted the presidency of the little group that was
meeting, and he came in to a meeting one day and said that he would not be
able to work with us any longer. He had to go fishing, and he did not want
to take on [this additional responsibility]. I do not remember his name, but
he was a lawyer and elderly. I think he is still alive. Anyway, he said he
could not carry the work on. He wanted very much to do it, but it interfered
with his life as a retired person. I sat there and thought, "Is he kidding?" He
did; he gave it up, and we had three or four presidents before we got
somebody that could keep it.
Anyway, to make a long story short, the minister from Trinity Episcopal
accepted the presidency, and he asked me one day--we were meeting in his
office at Trinity--if I would write [a proposal for programs for the elderly].
I had never heard of a proposal for a project for the elderly, to say nothing
about writing one. I had not even heard of one. "Would you get the
information? Here is a stack of books. Take these home and study them,
and write something for me so that when we go to Jacksonville to the meeting
we can show them that we want to have some of these projects for the elderly
in St. Augustine. I am going to a conference, but when I get back I will call
a meeting, and you can come in and show me what you have done."
I left the meeting very heavy-hearted, thinking to myself that I had gone into
that room and sat down, and people dumped the hardest work on me, and I
do not like this. [I thought], "What is it that I do or do not do that makes me
always come out this way?" Have you ever had that happen to you? I felt so
inadequate. As a teacher you know what you are teaching; you know what is
expected of you. But here these people were asking me to write a proposal
to get some federal money, and I did not even know what was supposed to be
in it. So I read those books every night all night. I was burning the midnight
oil studying these various Council on Aging projects all over the United
States. I am saying to myself: "Has this been going all the time and people
did not know about it, or are these people just acting like they did not know
about it? What is it?"
E: So there really were not any programs in St. Augustine for older people?
G: No, not the first one. I finally got all the books read and started to write.
You cannot write until you know what you want to write about. I got the
books all read--we are talking about a couple of weeks--and then I started
writing. I put it together. When we went to Jacksonville, it passed the first
time. It sure did!
G: The Trinity priest had resigned, and we had to get another president. But I
took the proposal to Jacksonville to the right people, to the area agency, and
they okayed it. They put it right into the hopper and started the works for
getting funds to set up the programs here. I think our first meals were at
Anyway, I was so proud of writing the proposal and putting it together, of
being involved with these people that were working for the elderly, that I was
completely beside myself. I had met a new talent, and I was happy doing it,
and all these old people were showing up. I realized how many people
needed this. We got out and made surveys on how many people needed [the
E: You went around canvassing the neighborhoods all over the city?
G: Oh, yes, this was house-to-house all over the county.
E: So people are bused in from out in the county?
G: Yes, we have people in the county.
E: Oh, I did not realize that.
G: We take meals to the county, too. We do not take all of the county; we take
just different sections. We tried to find out first how many people were in St.
Augustine. We took different pockets, and found so many people that we
could never take care of all of them. We cannot take care of all of them yet,
but we are doing a fantastic job. We have fed as many as 168 people out of
our kitchen at one time.
I think my greatest satisfaction came from getting the building. In another
meeting they were telling us that we had some communications from
Washington telling us that after 1980 we would not be able to get federal
funds if we did not have our own place, our own building. So at the next
meeting that was placed in my lap. "Will you be the chairperson of getting
the building?" I accepted the chairmanship of looking for a building, and that
took six years.
E: To get the funding and to get the building?
G: First I had to find the building. Then we did not have enough money. I had
to get dressed every day and go out to raise funds because we had to have
money in the bank. You do not get people's attention until you have some
money. Money talks too much.
E: So you took this proposal of what you were doing and went to see everybody
in town that had money?
G: Not only that, I did not tell them what we were doing. I would have to go
back. Like if somebody had given me $1,000, it takes about five visits to get
the $1,000. Some people would just write a check for $1,000 and say, "I am
proud of what you are doing." Another may write a check for $25 and say, "I
am proud of what you are doing." Others would promise $700 or $800 or
whatever, but you cannot ever get it. They keep telling you when to come
back. So raising funds is very hard. That was perhaps the hardest six years
of my life, getting enough money in the bank to say: "We have the money
now. We have enough money now. Will you listen?" Getting the
government to listen, the state to listen, the county to listen--everybody that
you have to work with to get funds.
Then, what was worse, the thing that really gave me heart trouble, was after
I found the building that we should buy that would meet our needs, then our
money did not come up fast enough, and they sold the building at auction.
The people that owned the building needed the money, so they put the
building up for sale at auction. And here is somebody that was going to come
in and bid on something that you really had your eyes on for some time. I
think that anybody that gets involved in buying property from somebody, or
buying anything from somebody else, with somebody else's money is really
crazy. It is unbelievable.
Anyway, I said: "I think I am going to die today, Lord. Please help me just
keep on breathing." I went to the auction, and the other people on counsel
said: "Why bother? Just give it up." A black minister said: "I think I am
going to get your daughter's address. I need to write her to tell her that you
are going to have a stroke or something worrying with this. First of all, the
people on the board do not think you can do it. The people in the
community think that you have lost your mind. They think that you ought to
give it up. You do not need to struggle like this to do something that you
cannot do and you know you cannot do. You know when you cannot. I see
how tired you are." I just listened. When he finished, I said: "Do me a favor.
Do not ask my daughter because she is the kind of person that I am. She will
close her office and come here to help me do it, and she cannot afford to do
that right now." [laughter]
E: So you went to the auction?
G: I went to the auction, and they auctioned the building. A woman from
Jacksonville bought it. She had plenty of money. They started pulling
[fixtures] out [of] that building the minute they finished. Somebody would
come up to her and ask, "Do you need so-and-so?" They would have a truck,
and they would start pulling the kitchen apart. Somebody else would come
and pick up [other parts]. I bought all the chairs and tables, and I did not
know where to put them. People went crazy.
E: Where did you put them? In Echo House?
G: No. Do you know the man that bought Marty's restaurant? You know it is
nice to have friends. I had been talking to them a lot about raising money,
and they had been talking to me. I went there sometimes when I was very
tired and needed a meal. I would sit down and talk. One of the young men
said: "We have a building. We will help you with those tables and chairs.
Just put them on a truck and bring them out here. We will store them for
E: Oh, that was good.
G: I said, "Now, if I do not get the building ever, what will I do with the tables
and chairs?" "Sell them," they said. "They are good tables and chairs. You
could sell them."
E: So you had to look for another building, then, at that point?
G: I did not look for another building. I am a little ahead of what happened that
night, after the auction. After the auction, I did not get to talk to her [the
woman who bought the building] because there were so many people. There
were just lines of people wanting to know what she was going to do [with this
and that]. I waited until 9:00 the next morning, which was Saturday. I stayed
up just about all night so I would be sure that at 9:00 on the dot I would ring
her phone. I asked her if she had any special plans for the building, and she
said, "Not really. I am just investing, and I thought that it would be a good
buy. My son might want to make a skating rink." I thought seeing how it is
such a beautiful building, to make a skating rink out of it would be murder!
E: Was this the building on Mission Avenue?
E: Oh, so it is the building.
G: Yes, that is the building. I asked her: "Would you mind talking to some
people about the building? Would you come to us, or would you let us come
to you? We have been working for weeks and weeks trying to get it for the
elderly." She said: "I will come over. I will drive myself over Monday." So
Beverly Holland, who was the director of the food services, went with me to
talk with her. We struck up a friendship that day. She waited until we got
enough money. She did not sell the building. During the time that we did
not have enough money, she was offered $300,000, and she still held out. But
prayer did that. Child, if your hand is in the good lord's, I am sure it is just
right where it ought to be, and nothing will happen to you.
E: So your hand was in the lord's, and you got the building.
G: Honey, I prayed every day, every night, all day, all night for the lord to help
us do this and help us to do that. And it happened. She said, "Pay the taxes,
just pay the taxes." I am trying to think how long it took us to get the money
together, but I know it took about six years for the whole process, before it
got all settled. We moved on pretty fast after that. The thing that impressed
me so much was the fact that nobody believed we could do it. Nobody
believed I could do it as chairperson. Then, after I did it, everybody was in
shock that I had done it, and I still do not understand any of that.
E: When did the building open? When was the formal opening for the Council
G: I should have that date on the tip of my tongue, but I do not. I would have
to look that up for you.
E: Well, I know I went to a sort of "thank-you" celebration, but that was after it
was opened, so I do not know the date, either.
G: That was the second celebration. That was a long time after. See, that all
came about after the presidential award. A group of people [had] decided
this was such an outstanding thing that I had done that the president needed
to know about it so I could be listed as one of those people on his list for the
presidential award or initiative.
E: Do you mean President Reagan?
G: Reagan [gave me the award for] community initiative. That celebration was
held at the Ponce de Leon [Hotel]. I guess we had been in there about two
years before that happened.
The one good thing is they were trying to decide what to name it. The board
wanted to come up with a name, and somebody suggested that since I had
done everything almost single-handedly, why not name it the Rosalie Gordon
Center? Some people were very happy about that. I think this one that you
attended was one of those where they were saying we are sorry that we did
not do that, but we wanted you to know that we appreciated your work.
I did not care what they named it. I was so happy, I was so glad that it went
through all right and that it was a success. I did not care if they named it the
Timbuktu. Whatever they wanted to name it [was fine with me]. I did not
do it for the honor; that is the point. I did not do all that work for the honor.
I did it because I wanted to do it. That was my contribution to the people
that needed me. I am just like that. I did not want the award. I do not care
what they name it. Somebody said, "They are going to name it [in your
honor] after you die." I said: "I do not care if they name it after I die. That
is all right."
See, I did ask the people that objected. I was curious. [Someone was asked:]
"Off the record, I wonder what bothered you about the whole thing because
you were one of the few people that really knew who did it and how it was
done. You were here. You were on the board. First you were a worker, and
then you were on the board, so there is nothing that you missed." The person
said she did not want to talk about it. [laughter] She did not want to talk
about it, so I know what it was. It is going to have the name of a black
woman in [a] community that is not predominantly black. Her name is going
to be on the top of our building? It will never happen here.
E: Do you think that was the reason?
G: I do not have to think about it. I know that is what it was.
E: I did not realize that.
G: A lot of people are very prejudiced in this place, and a lot of people manage
to hide their prejudice. You do not really know what they think until they get
in a bind, and then they come through for you. She said she did not want to
talk about it.
E: Speaking of that, in what ways do you think St. Augustine has changed the
most as far as integration? [I ask that] because it is still very segregated. On
a social level there is almost no integration yet.
G: I think people that are very prejudiced have to die because it [prejudice] is
something [that runs deep]. It is very hard to educate people to think this
way, so if they do not already think this way and nobody is helping them to
change and they are not making any effort to change, how will the change
It is just like the schools. The children all sit down and eat together, the
black ones and the white ones. When I was transferred to the white school
and was over the student council at Ketterlinus--I always carried a student
council wherever I go; I set up one here at Excelsior, I set up one at St.
Augustine High, and then I went down to Ketterlinus and set up one there;
I always tried to have a good student council wherever I am--I asked the
president of the student council if he would take a black person to lunch. We
would just have a day to take somebody that did not look like them to lunch
as my guest. He said he could not do that. And he is the nicest president
you would ever want to have. He is the hardest worker. But he could not do
that; he could not do that because he did not think that would go well with
the kids. He did not think it would go well, so he did not want to initiate that
kind of thing.
E: What year was this?
G: This was 1974 or 1975. It was sometime in the 1970s. Now, today in the
1990s, if you go into any of the schools, most of the little black boys are
together, and the little white ones are together. Small children, large children,
middle-size children. Just go to the teachers, the adults, and see how many
black ones will integrate themselves, how many white ones will integrate
E: Not many, I think. At least when I was substituting in the schools I did not
see that there was any integrating.
G: I will not go into a crowd of people and single out a black person to talk to,
but most black people will, and most white people will. Very few white
people will come in a room that is filled with black and white people and talk
to a black person because it is difficult for them.
G: I do not really know because I am not one of those persons. I do not have
a feeling about how a person has to look. I do not have a thing about what
I should do or say. I just like people. I have some very close people that I
love that do not look like me, and vice versa. So I would not be a good judge
as to what goes on in their minds. But I will say this: they are very adamant
about it. They are very determined that you do not have this change because
they do not do anything to make it happen. I do not know how much
integration has really taken place. I think the churches try a little,
organizations try a little, the schools try a little, but I think what most people
really want is that it will not happen.
E: You go to St. Paul's church?
G: No, I am Episcopalian. My church is down on the corner of Lovett and
Martin Luther King.
E: So do white people go there?
G: Yes. They do not "go there" as such, but when we have special occasions and
invite them, they come. But very few white people just show up for services.
They do sometimes.
E: I have turned up a couple of times for something at the church down the
street here, St. Paul's ...
G: It is predominantly black.
E: ... and the only time I have seen a white person is when it was a political
[function], when one of the commissioners or somebody like that had to be
there. The church that I usually go to downtown ...
G: Which is white.
E: ... I think I have seen a black person there once from out of town.
G: So the churches are not doing it. I think the black people are as much to
blame as the whites. I also think that there was so much water over the dam
about the civil rights thing that a lot of people have not gotten over the
bitterness. Black people really had an opportunity to see first-hand what
some people thought about them. It is one thing to think what somebody
thinks about you, but it is another thing to think somebody is going to jump
out of the bushes and hit you. That is the differences. Some black people
were turned away from churches downtown because they had shown up for
services. The excuse of the Episcopal church was that they were not
Episcopalians, that they just showed up there because they wanted to prove
something, which might have been true. A lot of black people went to a lot
of churches trying to prove that they could not go.
Be that as it may, it left a bad taste. That was an unkind thing to do. Now
that people can go everywhere, a lot of people will not. In the South it is
crazy; it is really crazy. My church is a mission, and it is poor. I cannot tell
you how I wish it were not as poor as it is, and I cannot tell how happy I
would be if I did not have to struggle every day just to keep the doors open
at my church.
E: Do you think it would be less poor if it were not segregated?
G: Of course. It would be less because there would be more members, there
would be more people giving and more people sharing. All I need to do is
move my membership to Trinity, but I do not want to do that either.
E: Trinity was, for a time at the turn of the century or somewhere earlier,
integrated, was it not?
G: Not to my knowledge.
E: Well, when I was working on my Twine research I saw the marriage
certificate, and the Twines were actually married by the Episcopal minister.
G: That is because they did not have a black one.
E: Well, they were Catholics later, so one of them must have been Episcopalian.
G: One of them could have been Episcopalian.
E: There are a lot of black ministers in town. Surely they would have been able
to find a black one.
G: Yes, but perhaps they were not going to have a black minister marry them.
See, the black ministers were not Episcopalians--they were Catholic. So if you
were Catholic or Episcopalian, you were married by a white minister because
there were no black ones. That is how that was.
E: That reminds me of something else I wanted to ask you. You said you did
not know Richard Twine, the photographer, because he had left town before
you came. But you did say, when I asked you about his sisters who were here
in town for a long time, that one had lived down the street from Excelsior
E: How would you describe the family?
G: They were just to themselves all the time. They were just very quiet people
who did not associate with people in the community much, or did not know
others. I guess you would say they really did not know other people. I did
not know them, and I think I have been pretty outgoing in this community.
I have been a pretty busy bee.
E: I think so.
G: And I did not know them very well. I do not remember what they looked
like. But they did not come to the school or to any of the activities that we
had. The school was, I would say, the center of any social activity, like plays,
contests, speaking engagements of all kinds, musical events. I never saw them
there through the years. So I would assume that they were two old ladies who
were just always happy to be at home. Some people live that way--to the
store, back home, and to church.
E: And that was it.
G: Yes. I have not found anybody that says any different.
E: Well, we may not find anybody that knew them very well, then.
G: You may not. It is just hard to tell where to go from there. I cannot help you
at all. It is terrible.
E: Well, to sum up, are there things that I should have asked you that I did not
about your life or projects or things you have been involved in, things that
were important to you?
G: Well, this black studies library...
E: That is right. We have not talked about Echo House.
G: Echo House is very important to me. I do not have a grant.
E: Describe your idea of what you want to do and where.
G: This is what I really want to see happen: I feel that black children are not
getting any knowledge about their own heritage from any other place. There
are people that live here that do not know that Bethune-Cookman College is
in Daytona Beach and is a black college, and they have never been there.
They are old, and they live in St. Augustine.
E: You mean that older black people do not know that?
G: There are some old black people that live here that have never been there;
therefore, young black people here have no concept whatever of where they
came from or what they [their ancestors] were like or who was out there that
did a good job before them and was black. So I think it will give this little
city a lift if that could really happen, if it could come to pass. That would be
a black heritage thing.
E: So you would like to have a library with exhibits and books and films?
G: Yes, I would like to have a library and memorabilia of all kinds, and just
make it a center for everybody.
E: And you have a building for that down on Martin Luther King Street.
G: That is right. I have the building on Martin Luther King, but I do not have
a grant. I do not have money. I really do need a grant, and I really do need
money to help with the day-to-day things that I am not able to do. I am not
able to do as much volunteer work as I have done in the past.
E: I think if you had all the energy that you put into the Council on Aging ...
G: I could do a lot more. I do not have that kind of energy anymore. Because
of the drug thing in Lincolnville I cannot get the volunteers that I could have
gotten at one time in my life.
E: Because people are afraid to be down there?
G: They do not want to come because they do not like people hanging around.
They do not like that, and I do not like that either. Until we take the
building back, what we are going to do is sit around ourselves and look stupid,
and they will go away to some other area.
E: How did you describe that plan? Six or seven old ladies were going to sit
down there and chase them away? [laughter]
G: Just sit there and look stupid all afternoon, and they will get disgusted. They
cannot have a drug transaction with these old ladies sitting there looking at
them. So we worked it all out.
E: So who are your cohorts in this?
G: I really do not know yet. A lot of people have talked, but when it comes time
to sit down there and do the work, now, that is another thing. I think I can
depend on at least twelve old ladies to take turns, three or four at a time.
See, you have to do this all day. It is not like you could put in two or three
hours because the minute you leave they will be back.
E: Would you be in the building, or would you be just sort of hanging around
G: We would be in and out, hanging around, just like they do. They do not come
in the building, but they break windows and do damage and sit on the fence.
E: Now, do you think you would be safe doing that?
G: Oh, yes. They would not attack us or anything. It is just that we do not like
their being around. We classify them as undesirables. If you do not know
them, they seem like strangers with nothing to do. Some people do know
them, but it has been so long since I was in the classroom I would not know
anybody that young. So I am trying to find some grandmothers that have
some grandsons out there. [laughter]
E: I think that is a good idea. Have you heard of the women's groups that do
this thing called "Take Back the Night"? The women go in a huge group and
sort of march down the streets that are dangerous and sort of take back their
freedom to walk on the streets.
G: Yes, that is right.
E: This will be a grandmothers' march to take back the neighborhood. [laughter]
G: Take back the neighborhood, that is exactly what it is.
E: That is great.
G: There is a young woman that I am going to try to get as the chairperson, and
the first time we talked about it, she said: "Let's just do it. They will be just
as curious to know why we are there as we are to know why they are there."
E: They will, indeed.
G: She said, "They are there because they are sending us a message." I asked her
what the message was, and she said, "The message is that we need you." I
said, "Anybody that is on drugs does not need me because I do not know what
to do." In the first place, I am so afraid.
E: Of drugs? Of people on drugs?
G: Yes, I am afraid of the people on drugs because they do not know two-thirds
of the time what they are doing. This is the part that scares people.
Sometimes if they are fond of dying. I do not think we have anybody up there
like that. See, they have arrested so many people, and they are not in the
area anymore. So these young people who desire to hang-out are not that
bad. They are on their way, but there is a long distance between death and
the beginning. Some of them could get well if they had care. But where are
we sending them? This woman that used to work for me had a son that was
on [drugs]. She took him to Jacksonville twice, and nobody would take him.
E: And we do not have a center here.
G: No. You talk about the Charter House and all these things you see on
television, but you have to have a lot of money. Most of those places are
E: That is what I thought.
G: She said, "Where would I get that kind of money?" I said, "I thought they
would take in the poor," but she said, "No, ma'am, they do not take in the
E: They are private organizations.
G: Private, very private. So if I could get Echo House in some kind of shape so
that I know it would go on in the event of my demise, I think I could be
happy. I really do.
E: Oh, I do not know. I think you would think of some other project.
G: You do not trust me?
E: Well, I think as long as you are breathing you will have some project to work
G: I am sure I will. It is just that I want so much to accomplish that. I can
envision the carriage people bringing the tourists up to Lincolnville, bringing
them down Martin Luther King, and saying, "Now, this is the place where a
lot of black people put a lot in here to preserve their heritage." So many
people tell me they have memorabilia that they want put in the house, but I
do not dare take it because I am so afraid it will get lost with these crooks
breaking windows and coming in when they get ready. So I have to have bars
and alarm systems and all the stuff that goes with security. Plus I need a
director. I need somebody there all the time, and that person has to be paid.
And the person that is paid needs an assistant that also needs to be paid, so
you are talking about some money. But like I said, I might go to see
[comedian Bill] Cosby and tell him what my situation is.
E: Now, I forget your relationship with Cosby.
G: Johnnetta Cole, who is the president of Spelman [College in Atlanta], is
married to my brother's son.
E: This is your brother in Washington or the brother that is in Carolina?
G: This is the brother that is in Carolina. Cosby gave Spelman $20 million, and
I was there the night he presented the college with the $20 million. I was also
back there for the wedding when Cosby was a guest and made a toast to the
bride and groom.
E: You did not ask him for money then?
G: No, no. They did not even allow you to ask him to pose for a picture. But
I told a friend that I did not think I could leave the place until I got a picture
of Cosby. She said, "You really do have to ask" I said: "I had to go back to
St. Augustine, and I have to have a picture of Cosby and me. You know I
do." She laughed and I laughed.
Johnnetta had told us the night before that he just wanted to be a guest at the
wedding, that he did not want to be a celebrity. But you know how people
do. They made him a celebrity anyway. But it did not take anything away
from the wedding. Do you want to see pictures of me and Cosby?
E: Sure. I am going to have to leave in a few minutes, so let us end this. | <urn:uuid:3f0533b2-8176-4441-aa1d-df5585c175d9> | 2013-05-18T17:19:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Tories take Crewe by storm
CREWE (Reuters) - The Conservatives took Crewe by a landslide on Friday, registering their first by-election gain over Labour for 30 years and hoisting a big question mark over the future of Gordon Brown.
Several analysts believe that with few new policy options open to him and the economy unlikely to improve quickly, Brown could face a leadership challenge by the Autumn.
Conservative candidate Edward Timpson won by 7,860 votes, overturning Labour's 7,000 majority with a 17.6 percent swing -- easily enough to secure a Tory victory if it were replicated in a general election.
"It was the end of New Labour here on the streets of Crewe," said the triumphant Conservative leader David Cameron.
Labour deputy leader Harriet Harman acknowledged the scale of the defeat but blamed the faltering economy.
The by-election in Crewe and Nantwich in Cheshire was triggered by the death of the Labour stalwart Gwyneth Dunwoody and follows Labour's trouncing in local election across the country earlier this month.
"This is not a sign that the next election is lost, but it is a sign the Conservatives are able now to win the next election in a way that they weren't before," said Philip Cowley, politics professor at Nottingham University.
Brown's popularity ratings have collapsed since October after he backed away from calling an early election.
Some Labour MPs are wondering whether he can deliver victory in a general election and several newspapers on Friday raised the possibility that a "stalking horse" rival might emerge before Labour's Autumn party conference.
Lifelong Labour voters on the streets of working class Crewe and the more upscale neighbouring market town of Nantwich on Thursday blamed Labour for the rising cost of living and said they had had enough.
"They must know the writing is on the wall," said 60-year-old Patrick Sutton.
"The Labour government have done nothing for me in the last 10 years, except rob me blind, and done nothing for the country, except sell off the gold reserves and go to war with Iraq," added the retired coalman.
(Editing by Steve Addison)
For an in-depth look at British politics from Reuters, double-click: here
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South Korean Kim gets revenge for Beijing
LONDON (Reuters) - South Korean Kim Jae-bum won judo gold in the men's -81kg category on Tuesday, getting revenge over the fighter who beat him to the Olympic title four years ago.
In a repeat of their clash in Beijing, 27-year-old Kim, the world number two, overcame holder Ole Bischof from Germany thanks to two yuko scores early in the contest.
Bischof, 32, who had been seeking to become the first judoka to win the weight category twice at the Olympics, warmly congratulated his opponent at the end and was magnanimous in defeat.
"Four years ago he was quite young. Now we have four years behind us, I got four years older, he has developed, he has got much stronger and much quicker now and I think he is the correct champion," he told reporters.
Kim, who said prayer had helped get through the tournament after he injured his left shoulder, also heaped praise on his beaten rival.
"I didn't see any indication of him getting older in terms of his physical strength or power," he said. "I really wanted to compete against Bischof again. I wanted to put everything into this match."
Their camaraderie contrasted sharply with ugly scenes during Bischof's semi-final with American Travis Stevens.
The bout had barely started when Stevens picked up a facial injury which required a bandage to be strapped around his head and shortly after both fighters exchanged angry words.
"We interpreted the rules very creatively. I have been in judo for long time and really something like that does not happen," Bischof said, suggesting Stevens needed to explain how the clash had descended into more of a scrap.
Judo chiefs described the battle between Bischof and Stevens as "one of the hardest contests in judo history".
"Both men threw everything at the fight, attacking relentlessly, and were still doing so as golden score came to an end," the International Judo Federation said.
The day ended badly for a dejected Stevens, who had earlier put out the world number one, when he lost his bronze medal bout to Canadian Antoine Valois-Fortier.
The Canadian earned his country's first judo medal since the Sydney Games in 2000.
Russia's Ivan Nifontov, the 2009 world champion, continued his country's success on the judo mat by winning the other bronze to add to the two gold medals they have already taken in London.
(Editing by Peter Rutherford)
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When I started in on adjoint functors, I gave the definition in terms of a bijection of hom-sets. Then I showed that we can also specify it in terms of its unit and counit. Both approaches (and their relationship) generalize to the enriched setting.
Given a functor and another , an adjunction is given by natural transformations and . These transformations must satisfy the equations and . By the weak Yoneda Lemma, this is equivalent to giving a -natural isomorphism .
Indeed, a -natural transformation in this direction must be of the form , and one in the other direction must be of the form . The equations and are equivalent, by the weak Yoneda Lemma, to the equations satisfied by the unit and counit of an adjunction.
The -functor that sends an enriched category to its underlying ordinary category sends an enriched adjunction to an ordinary adjunction. The function underlying the -natural isomorphism is the bijection of this underlying adjunction.
As we saw before, a -functor has a left adjoint if and only if is representable for each . Also, an enriched equivalence is an enriched adjunction whose unit and counit are both -natural isomorphisms. Just as for ordinary adjunctions, we have transformations between enriched adjunctions, a category of enriched adjunctions between two enriched categories, enriched adjunctions with parameters, and so on.
No comments yet. | <urn:uuid:c2b33444-1bed-4a41-b2ca-cd9edf566c3a> | 2013-05-18T18:06:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Friday, April 01, 2005
Greg Tonagel, Valpo's director of basketball operations, was named head men's basketball coach at Indiana Wesleyan University. A former point guard at Valpo from 1998-04, Tonagel was part of six Mid-Continent Conference Championships.
As director of basketball operations during the 2004-05 season, Tonagel has been responsible for film exchange and assisting in on-campus recruiting, team academics, team travel, summer camps and coaching clinics.
As a sixth-year senior in 2003-04, he played the last 14 games, helping Valpo to its 8th Mid-Continent Conference Tournament title and 7th NCAA Tournament appearance.
In 1998-99, Tonagel's freshman season, he earned a starting position and helped Valpo win both the Mid-Con regular season and tournament championships for the fifth straight year. An outstanding free throw shooter, Tonagel set Mid-Con and Valpo records with 41 straight made free throws as a freshman. In recognition of his success in 1998-99, he was accorded honorable mention status on the All-American Farm Team by Successful Farming magazine.
Tonagel ranks just outside Valpo's all-time top 10 in assists and steals. He made 90 percent (117 of 130) of his charity tosses in his career.
A native of LaPorte, Indiana and graduate of LaPorte High School, Tonagel was selected to the Indiana All-Star Team following his senior year in 1997-98. He set LaPorte records for assists, steals and games played and helped LaPorte to the Indiana Final Four during his junior season.
A 2003 graduate of Valparaiso University, Tonagel earned a bachelor's degree in biology and secondary education. He is currently pursuing a master's degree in education. | <urn:uuid:0ff422a0-516a-40fe-87c7-b1436738e9a1> | 2013-05-18T18:06:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Martin Bashir | September 14, 2012
>>> the romney campaign which began with a premature attack on the president continues to blame him for the protests that are now spreading. while american embassies are threatened overseas, romney 's advisers tell "the washington post " none of this would be happening under a romney presidency. quote, there's a pretty compelling story that if you had a president romney , you'd be in a different situation. that's a distasteful remark, even for an opportunist campaign like mr. romney 's, but one that's technically probably correct because it likely would be a much worse situation, after all, this is the man that refuses to admit his initial statements on tuesday's embassy attacks was an ill informed rush to judgment. indeed, he just keeps digging.
>> where is the sympathy for the attacks done after the attacks happened?
>> the statement stayed on the website for 14, 15 hours.
>> what were they supposed to do, mr. romney , tell the attackers hold on, we just have to update our web page ? conservative media have done their best to help mr. romney lower himself further. thankfully there are republicans like john mccain that know that you may disagree with the president on policy, but you can still stay on the side of the facts.
>> we apologize to them? i am trying to understand this, senator.
>> well, i am not sure there was an apology.
>> they want sharia law implemented now in egypt.
>> first of all, that's not clear that's true.
>> so you were wrong about libya.
>> i don't think i was wrong about libya.
>> i know you were.
>> i was not.
>> they had a free and fair election and democratic, nonislamic government was elected, so you're wrong.
>> joining us in washington, karen finney, msnbc political analyst , and from philadelphia, julian epstein, a democratic strategist. good day to both of you. julian , are we to seriously believe none of this would be happening, none of it, if mitt romney were the president?
>> sure, let's look back at what happened under the bush administration where we had about five times as many attacks on embassies when george bush was president and had policies that mitt romney supported. look, i think that this story is going to move from condemnation of mitt romney to ridicule. the cartoon character that starts to come to mind is yosemite sam . i think the reason that so many republicans are criticizing romney right now is one that there has been a long-standing tradition of stopping at the water's edge when the country is attacked, when embassies are attacked and secondly, what the administration has done is to condemn religious in tolerance saying terrorists will pay a swift price. it is enormously hurtful to mitt romney , we will move into ridicule soon.
>> there are protesters in cairo, we have live pictures from cairo in egypt there. things appear to be calmer and president morsi who was spoke tone by the president has taken heed and security forces are in place, you can see in large numbers. karen , why aren't many like mccain willing to refute trumped up charges that romney and his supporters perpetuate? this may be doing long term damage to their party.
>> well, and it may be frankly doing some long term damage to america's standing in the middle east . these words have consequences. technically, we know a lot of these guys are crazy from the outside, they look at these guys and say these are duly elected leaders in your country saying these things. that's the other piece of things in terms of how irresponsible some of that is. i think they see a political opportunity here and they're going for it. one of the strongest, you know, advantages that president obama has had throughout this campaign has been foreign policy , and the other thing is i think they're trying to deflect from the fact that part of the problem, part of the reason we have the relationship and some of the tensions that exist are because of the war, preemptive war , war of choice by president bush in iraq and then afghanistan and that's part of what president obama has actually been trying to, you know, in addition to getting us out of the wars, undo some of that damage. that's not a conversation they want to have. i find it talk about the sabre rattling, noecons going into iran, if we did that, it would be a similar situation, american forces on the ground, american resources not spent at home. it could be morsi we have seen on television now or as we saw with american loss of life coming home . there's a responsible element to this as well.
>> you say that. julian , all i hear from people like paul ryan and the other expert on foreign policy , sarah palin , is that this president's affect has been one of weakness, and yet we've seen multiple dictators fall, and certainly american relationships with other nations improve. i don't understand what they want him to do. invade? what do they want him to do?
>> that's the curious question. i agree with karen 's point, these things are very harmful to the national interest , particularly when attached. to your question, martin, challenging president obama on foreign policy is like challenging michael phelps to a 200 meter race in the olympics. this is a guy who has one, taken out osama bin laden , taken out more of the al qaeda leadership in the last three years than was taken out in the previous eight years. a guy who oversaw and master minded , that is president obama , the fall of gadhafi, a guy ended two wars, a remarkable string of foreign policy successes, and according to every poll flipped what had been a traditional democratic disadvantage on foreign policy to a foreign policy advantage. so it is very curious to me why the romney campaign would be doing something that not only hurts national security i think as karen pointed out but seems to be politically very maladept at the same time.
>> quickly, karen .
>> i think they're making a miscalculation this is a quick political hit they can make on the surface. it is more complicated because of domestic and political issues in each of the countries. | <urn:uuid:86de792e-67af-47e4-867c-7e61b27b0d99> | 2013-05-18T17:37:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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All materials contained in this Website are the copyrighted property. All materials in this Website shall only be used for personal, non-commercial purposes. You may view material from this Website for your own use and may download only one copy of any materials on any single computer for your personal, non-commercial use only, and you must keep all copyright and other proprietary notices attached to the downloaded material. Any and all forms of duplication, reproduction, distribution, publication, modification, uploading, posting, copying or transmission of material from this Website is strictly prohibited. You are also strictly prohibited from creating works or materials that are derived or are in any way based on the materials contained in this Website. | <urn:uuid:3a701711-daa3-4c38-906e-f6d58639db3f> | 2013-05-18T18:04:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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JFileConv 1.0.1 Ranking & Summary
JFileConv 1.0.1 description
JFileConv 1.0.1 proves itself to be a helpful text file encoding converter that can read a text file using an encoding (e.g. ISO-8859-2) and write the characters to a file using another encoding (e.g. UTF-8).
It supports plugins (for processing the text) and has a preview function which allows the user to see how the file is decoded with a particular charset.
JFileConv 1.0.1 Screenshot
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JFileConv 1.0.1 Copyright
Want to place your software product here?
Please contact us for consideration. | <urn:uuid:ec72787a-bc29-4ec8-84bf-a8c633f0fb65> | 2013-05-18T17:18:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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RvR - Realm versus Realm - is a fully integrated PvP experience in WAR. It is the ongoing struggle between the forces of Order and Destruction. Each zone has sub-zones of both PvE and RvR content. It is estimated that the ratio of PvE to RvR content will be 80:20 at Tier 1 and 20:80 at Tier 4.
There is much debate over the true intention of RvR. Commonly, RvR is referred to as the combined effort of all players across a realm, hence Realm versus Realm. This includes both elements of PvP and PvE, and is used by the devs. More often however, RvR is used to distinguish "Free For All (FFA) PvP" against realm-based PvP where you are only able to engage in combat against members of the opposite realms. For the purpose of this wiki, however, RvR is taken to mean the latter, i.e. PvP in WAR (is not FFA).
It is possible to play the game and avoid RvR completely. It is also possible to play the game and avoid PvE completely. In other words, both experience and loot is gained in RvR. You cannot, however, lose gear in RvR. When you kill a player, there’s a chance that there will be items or money on the corpse. And as the killer, you will be able to loot the corpse. Said items are generated much in the same way as loot on a NPC would be. You’re not actually taking the person’s gear you just killed, but you can get loot for killing other players.
To engage in RvR, you must enter a designated RvR area. As soon as you enter the area, a warning indicator will flash and a timer will begin counting down. When the timer reaches zero you are flagged for PvP, and can be attacked by enemy players in the area. When you leave an RvR area into a PvE area, a different timer will count down to let you know when the PvP flag is removed, ensuring that players can't hop in and out of RvR areas to pick off enemy players without giving them a chance to retaliate. Occasionally, players will be able to enter the opposite faction's PvE areas, at which point they will be PvP flagged to every enemy player but they will only be able to attack the ones who choose to engage in PvP. It's possible that there will be servers set up with Open RvR rulesets, which will allow RvR in all areas of the game world.
A player who travels to lower tiers to engage in RvR against less experienced opponents will be turned into a Chicken or "Chaos chicken" (with 1HP and one ability "Peck" that does 1 damage) whenever they enter RvR areas.
Types of RvREdit
RvR comes in a few distinct flavors in WAR:
- Skirmish RvR is basic open world PvP combat, the foundational function of RvR. It's: "I go into one of those areas where we can RvR. I see a bad guy. We hit each other with our sticks 'til one of us dies." Simple and straightforward, players will be rewarded experience, loot and renown from successful skirmish fights, but will not reward you or your side as much as engaging in other kinds of RvR.
- Battlefields are open world locations within RvR territories where both sides are trying to capture strategic objectives. As well as gaining skirmish rewards for winning fights, by controlling battlefields players will gain a set amount of victory points for their realm. These are intended to be major conflict points within the world, where groups of players will come together and fight over. Battlefields include Keeps.
- Scenarios are instanced, objective-based, evenly matched battles located in RvR territories. As players approach a scenario point they will be pulled out of the game world into an instanced lobby. The lobby is used to sort players into evenly matched groups from each realm. In the lobby you will be able to take in the details of the particular scenario, such as the time limit, the winning conditions, the number of players, and so on, before playing out the scenario. Winning a scenario earns the winning side the maximum number of victory points for that scenario, although the losing side will gain a proportionate number of victory points according to how well they did.
By gaining victory points in RvR, players can eventually take control of enemy zones as part of the overall campaign, which runs right through the game leading up to the eventual siege and capture of fortresses and the opposing Realm's capital city. | <urn:uuid:d95835e4-4021-4d52-abd9-900afaa0e393> | 2013-05-18T18:05:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Jones forced to quit
Cardiff Blues lock Deiniol Jones has confirmed he has been forced to retire after losing his battle against a shoulder injury.
Jones arrived at the club from the Celtic Warriors in 2004 - and went on to become the first player to make 100 appearances for the region.
However, having gone on to play 175 for the Blues - as well as winning 13 caps for Wales - Jones has been forced to hang up his boots.
The 34-year-old said: "I had an operation on both shoulders in November because they were getting too painful for me to continue playing and there was quite a bit of damage in both of them.
"After rehab, one shoulder has improved pretty well but the other one is at the stage where there is no hope of getting back to the strength and stability needed to play rugby.
"So, the advice I have been given by the surgeons is that I have to retire from the game.
"It has been a massive blow for me and it's a hard pill to swallow at the moment.
"However, if I take a step back and look at what has been achieved in the eight years I have been here at the Blues, then I am really proud to have been part of the development and progress that has been made." | <urn:uuid:c9a14fcc-a70d-4f2d-871c-f0422c30dc68> | 2013-05-18T17:18:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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No, Helen Mirren hasn't met up with Queen Elizabeth in the year since she triumphed on screen with her role as QEII in Miramax's "The Queen." But, Mirren did say that she had received a royal invite but had to turn it down because, as befitting a great actress, she couldn't make it because she was working.
"It was very sad for me; it was probably not so sad for her," Mirren joked, adding later that she's not sure if she gets a raincheck or not. "I guess only time will tell."
Mirren won her Emmy for PBS' "Prime Suspect: The Final Act," was a good sport about the obvious non-question thrown at her about 'Wow you've had a good year" after winning the Oscar earlier this year for "Queen." "I call it my amazing year. I don't believe in astrology but I'm curious to see what my astrological sign said about this year. 'You will meet disappointment,' probably." | <urn:uuid:f04b49a5-1549-41f1-a4bc-55309e53a3fb> | 2013-05-18T18:06:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I guess if you would ask Microsoft, you'd have to buy Exchange and use Outlook Web Access as webmail. In Exchange you would have to configure the different domains and mailboxes.
In IIS, if I recall correctly, you can add one (or more?) Virtual SMTP hosts, and define there what should happen to incoming mails. There are a number of open-source and/or free webmail solutions you could link to this. (I found this just with a quick google around.)
In both cases you'll have to confige MX entries in the DNS records for the domains. So the mail system knows where to send the mails to. | <urn:uuid:5a1eb710-fe2d-460d-8569-33a6ed51d60d> | 2013-05-18T17:29:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Fundoplication is a surgery on the stomach and esophagus. It is done to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is also called acid reflux, or heartburn. This occurs when acid from the stomach goes up the esophagus. A hiatal hernia may also be fixed during this procedure. This type of hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach pokes into the chest cavity. This hernia increases the chance and severity of GERD.
Reasons for Procedure
The surgery is most often done for the following reasons:
- Eliminate persistent GERD symptoms that are not relieved by medicine
- Correct acid reflux that is contributing to asthma symptoms
- Repair a hiatal hernia, which may be responsible for making GERD symptoms worse
- Eliminate the source of serious, long-term complications resulting from too much acid in the esophagus
If you are planning to have fundoplication, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- Anesthesia-related problems
- Difficulty swallowing
- Return of reflux symptoms
- Limited ability to burp or vomit
- Gas pains
- Damage to other organs
In rare cases, the procedure may need to be repeated. This may happen if the wrap was too tight, the wrap slips, or if a new hernia forms.
Some factors that may increase the risk of complications include:
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
Your doctor may do the following:
- Physical exam
- X-ray —a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the body, especially bones
- Endoscopy —use of a tube attached to a viewing device (an endoscope) to examine the inside of the lining of the esophagus and stomach; a biopsy may also be taken
- Manometry—a test to measure the muscular contractions inside the esophagus and its response to swallowing
Leading up to the surgery:
Talk to your doctor about your medicines. You may be asked to stop taking some medicines up to one week before the procedure, like:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs (eg, aspirin )
- Blood thinners, like warfarin (Coumadin)
- Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Arrange for a ride to and from the hospital. Also, arrange for help at home.
- The night before, eat a light meal. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight.
General anesthesia will be used. It will block any pain and keep you asleep through the surgery.
Description of the Procedure
The doctor will make a small incision. The laparoscope (a small tool with a camera on the end) will be inserted into the abdomen. It will allow the doctor to view the inside of the body on a video screen. Gas will be pumped into the abdomen to improve the view. The doctor will make other, small incisions in the skin. Small surgical instruments will be inserted. The stomach will then be wrapped around the esophagus. If needed, the hernia will be repaired.
In some cases, the doctor may need to switch to an open surgery . He will make a wide incision in the abdomen to do the surgery.
How Long Will It Take?
How Much Will It Hurt?
You will have discomfort during recovery. Ask your doctor about medicine to help with the pain.
Average Hospital Stay
Two days or more (depending on your condition)
- Walk with assistance the day after surgery.
- Keep the incision area clean and dry.
- Ask your doctor about when it is safe to shower, bathe, or soak in water.
- You will start by eating a liquid diet. You will slowly be able to eat more solid foods.
- After a successful fundoplication, you may no longer need to take medicines for GERD.
- Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions .
It will take about two weeks to recover.
Call Your Doctor
After you leave the hospital, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or any discharge from the incision site
- Nausea and/or vomiting that you cannot control with the medicines you were given after surgery, or which persist for more than two days after discharge from the hospital
- Increased swelling or pain in the abdomen
- Difficulty swallowing that does not improve
- Pain that you cannot control with the medicines you have been given
- Pain, burning, urgency or frequency of urination, or persistent bleeding in the urine
- Cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain
- Any other new symptoms | <urn:uuid:d1f1b34e-5021-43f0-ab59-7740143a1892> | 2013-05-18T17:58:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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We are watching the debate right now between Vice President Joe Biden and U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan.
Biden is constantly smirking and sarcastic. He doesn't want to debate. He comes across as a partisan thug and that's it. I'm not impressed. He shows no respect to his opponent.
It 's still happening. How can people pull aorund a common vision and move forward? Doesn't seem like it will happen tonight. | <urn:uuid:2c4b4e37-6540-4b4c-8fe5-740fcd1f24c1> | 2013-05-18T17:57:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Who's ready for the holidays! I know I am! Here is the perfect recipe for pumpkin pie! It's super delicious and it's vegan!
The pie filling in this recipe needs to set overnight in the refrigerator, so make it the day before you serve it.
- ½ cup unbleached flour
- 7 Tbs. whole wheat pastry flour
- ½ tsp. salt
- ½ tsp. sugar or granulated sugar cane syrup
- ½ tsp. baking powder
- 3 Tbs. canola oil
- 3 Tbs. soymilk plus ½ tsp. lemon juice
- 3 to 4 Tbs. water
- 2 cups canned pumpkin or puréed home-cooked fresh pumpkin (see note)
- 1 cup low-fat soymilk or rice milk
- ¾ cup granulated sugar cane syrup
- ¼ cup cornstarch
- ½ Tbs. dark molasses or to taste
- 1 tsp. vanilla extract
- 1 tsp. ground cinnamon
- ½ tsp. ground ginger
- ¼ tsp. grated nutmeg
- ¼ tsp. ground allspice
To make Crust:
1. In medium bowl, combine both flours, salt, sugar and baking powder. In small bowl, mix oil and soymilk mixture.
2. Pour liquid mixture into dry ingredients and mix with a fork until it holds together in a ball. If it is too dry, add some water, a little at a time, until dough is moist enough to roll. (If time allows, cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate for 1 hour.)
3. Roll out dough on a lightly floured surface with a lightly floured rolling pin forming an 11-inch circle. Line a 9-inch pie plate with the dough. Flute or crimp the edges with your fingers or a fork. Cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate until ready to use.
4. Preheat oven to 425°F.
To make Filling:
5. In large bowl, mix all remaining ingredients until smooth and blended. Pour into prepared crust and smooth top. Bake 10 minutes.
6. Reduce oven temperature to 350°F; bake until filling is set, about 50 minutes. Set on wire rack to cool, then refrigerate overnight. Top with your choice of dessert topping if desired.
NOTE: If you are going to use fresh pumpkin for the pie, do not use the jack-o’-lantern type; the flesh of these large pumpkins is too watery and stringy. Instead, look for small pumpkins, sometimes called pie pumpkins or other varieties of winter squash. To bake, cut pumpkins in half and remove seeds. Set, cut side down, in a lightly oiled baking pan. Bake at 400°F for 30 to 40 minutes. Scoop out the cooked flesh and purée. | <urn:uuid:decd5b93-9ccb-453b-b99e-cec45d85b7e2> | 2013-05-18T17:27:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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SEOUL (Reuters) - South Korea called off the launch of a space rocket on Friday after a glitch in the Russian-built booster halted preparations five hours before the scheduled lift-off.
It was South Korea's third attempt to put a satellite into orbit and comes after North Korea succeeded in launching a rocket in April that it said was carrying a satellite, only to abort the mission early in its flight.
Friday's failure also puts South Korea far behind economic rivals China, India and Japan.
South Korean officials at the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) that is conducting the launch said Russian engineers had found a leak in the sealing while injecting helium gas into the first-stage booster.
The rocket will be taken off its launch pad and moved to a hangar to repair the faulty seal, which will require at least three days, the officials said.
"If the problem is serious, we may not be able to launch in the current window," KARI President Kim Seung-jo said. South Korea has set a launch window of October 26 to 31. The officials indicated a new window may have to be set.
South Korea's second launch attempt in 2010 ended 137 seconds into flight when the rocket exploded before sending its payload into orbit. The first attempt in 2009 also failed when the rocket failed to release the payload.
South Korea's launch attempts have riled North Korea, which had been hit with U.N. sanctions for its rocket tests, which the reclusive state says are aimed at putting a satellite into orbit, but which critics say are tests for a ballistic missile program aimed at delivering a nuclear payload.
North and South Korea remain technically at war after an armistice rather than a peace treaty ended the 1950-53 Korean War.
(Reporting by Jack Kim; Editing by Robert Birsel) | <urn:uuid:7dfe9688-59e7-4bc2-9c2e-4e24014d75ca> | 2013-05-18T18:06:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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DE-01 Historical Mining District Altenberg N 50°45'51", E 13°45'39"
DE-02 Historical Mining District Freiberg N 50°55'12", E 13°20'32"
DE-03 Historical Mining District Marienberg N 50°39'3", E 13°9'53"
DE-04 Historical Mining District Annaberg N 50°34'46", E 13°0'11"
DE-05 Historical Mining District Schneeberg N 50°35'15", E 12°38'2"
DE-06 Historical Mining District Schwarzenberg N 50°32'14", E 12°47'14"
DE-07 Uranium Mining N 50°48'33", E 12°50'32"
DE-08 Coal Mining N 50°43'29“, E 12°43'46"
CZ-KA-01 Mining Landscape Jáchymov N 50°22'23", E 12°53'55"
CZ-KA-02 Mining Landscape Abertamy – Horní Blatná – Boží Dar N 50°25'18", E 12°49'57"
CZ-KA-03 The Red Tower of Death N 50°19'44", E 12°57'12"
CZ-US-01 Mining Landscape Krupka N 50°41'50", E 13°50'50"
CZ-US-02 Mining Landscape Měděnec – Kovářská N 50°25'43", E 13°4'8"
The transboundary serial nomination of 13 component parts is a large-scale example of a decentralised mining landscape in a Central European mountain region that lies in the southeast of Germany and extends to the Czech Republic – the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains).
The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří illustrates the formative influence of mining and metallurgy on the development of the landscape and its culture in an exceptional way. For more than 800 years, from the 12th to the 21th century, the region was actively shaped by mining activities. First silver and tin ores and later other ores such as lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, uranium, bismuth, tungsten, and zinc were mined, smelted and partially processed. Based on mining and metallurgy, the “industrialization” of the region took place in different historical stages.
The component parts of the serial nomination are composed of carefully selected historical witnesses including protected mines and associated over- and underground ensembles, historically distinct landscape features such as pits, heaps, dewatering channels and reservoirs, mining towns and settlements, and other important social buildings related to mining towns and settlements. These witnesses are not limited to work process related issues but particularly include witnesses of the economic, scientific, cultural, and social influences of mining and metallurgy.
Together the component parts provide a lively comprehensive insight into all aspects of miner’s world.The component parts reflect also the transboundary nature of the Bohemian and Saxon Erzgebirge. The serial
property has to be understood as a geographical, historical and cultural unit illustrating both the mining activities and the interaction between two communities which shared a long common history. Mining and metallurgy had formed an important and worldwide recognised trade and economic region which is still today strongly influenced by its mining traditions. Especially the developments in the field of mining sciences and technologies contributed to the development of other mining regions in Europe and the World.
Description of the component part(s):
In accordance with the spatial distribution of the numerous significant historic mining districts and their specific features, the serial property Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří is represented by a selection of 13 significant separate component parts. The Saxon part will be represented by 8 individual component parts which are representing the layout of the six historical mining districts of the 19th century and the two historically important districts of uranium and coal mining of the 20th century. The Czech Republic is represented by 4 large-scale mining landscapes and a single monument.
The component parts cover a wide temporal and spatial range to fully illustrate the whole development process of the mining landscape and its culture. Each component part features a distinctive character that is composed of three attributes: time depth, diversity of mineral resources, and cultural facets. The cultural facets do not only include work process related issues but also the far-reaching influence of mining activities on seemingly distant areas of life. The individual component parts comprise all witnesses necessary to document their distinctive character on the basis of largely originally preserved valuable monuments and landscapes. Each selected component part represents a different chapter of the history. The individual components are of crucial importance to understand the development process of mining, its global importance and its formative influence from the 12th to the 21st century. They are of exceptional quality and diversity. Viewed as a whole, the components bear witness to the extent of the economic, social and cultural development of the entire mining region and its culture.
For example: The very beginning of the development of the mining landscape is illustrated by the mining district of Freiberg with the mining cities of Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorf and the surrounding mining landscape. Here in 1168, the silver ore was found for the first time in the Ore Mountains, and the transformation process of the landscape started. The search for silver and other kinds of ore in the rich deposits of the Ore Mountains led to the colonization of the cross border mountain region from both the Saxon and the Bohemian side. During the 15th and 16th century this process reached the upper parts of the Ore Mountains and led to the foundation of a large number of mining cities like Schneeberg, Marienberg and Annaberg in Saxony or Jáchymov in Bohemia with their specific buildings and highly valuable architecture. These cities became centres of unique cultural, economic, technological and scientific development of the mining region in the following centuries. Many of these developments influenced other mining regions worldwide. The temporarily last mining period of the Erzgebirge in the late 20th century – represented by the nominated properties of the mining district Altenberg in the eastern part and in Chemnitz, Schlema, Hartenstein and Jáchymov in the western part of the region – was characterized by tin and uranium mining.
Justification de la Valeur Universelle Exceptionelle
The transboundary serial nomination Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří is an exceptional testimony of a unique landscape and culture which was influenced and shaped by mining activities and their environmental, economic and social impacts. The nominated series represents a Central European economic and cultural unit that has continuously developed since the early Middle Ages. The outstanding universal value particularly results from the unique combination of three determining attributes: an unprecedented diversity of mineral resources, a continuous over 800 years lasting economic, social and cultural development in which mining played constantly a crucial role, as well as a wide spectrum of cultural facets which clearly illustrate all stages of this development. A coherent series of well-preserved monuments, ensembles and landscapes demonstrating different periods of mining, different technological levels as well as different cultural periods represents the development of this Central European mining region of worldwide importance. They do not only illustrate the tangible attributes but also the intangible values which together constitute the distinctive character of the landscape. The almost exclusive formation of the entire region by mining and metallurgy led to worldwide important scientific discoveries and subsequent introduction of many technical and technological innovations, which substantially influenced the worldwide development of mining sciences and contributed significantly to the development of other mining regions in Europe and the rest of the world. Of particular importance and so far unique on the world’s scale is the transboundary nature of the nominated property. The mining landscape allows a comprehensive insight into cross-border relations between two states since the 12th century and the visible effects of this interrelation. As a whole, the nominated serial property provides comprehensive knowledge about all aspects of a globally significant mining region and its culture.
Criterion (ii): The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří exhibits an important interchange of human values in the field of mining. As a consequence of more than 800-years of mining activities, a cross-border cultural area between Saxony and Bohemia was created, which is characterized by a unprecedented density of systematically established mining cities and their special architecture, by the development of advanced mining and ore processing technologies, by its great influence on the development of mining- and geo-sciences as well as mining education worldwide, and by its contribution to the development of minting as well as of the currency systems in Europe and in the whole world. The serial property proves interchange and knowledge transfer from the Middle Ages till the 21th century. The influence of mining in the Ore Mountains is provable in a large number of mining centres worldwide.
Criterion (iii): The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří is an outstanding witness of the development of a society which was crucially formed by mining industries. The component parts provide a comprehensive insight into the cultural traditions of a more than 800-year-old mining civilization, which are to a certain extent still alive today, and the working and living conditions of miners and their families. They do not only show a limited period of the development, but illustrate the continuous development of mining and the resulting impacts on society till today.
Criterion (iv): The Ore Mountains are characterized by a multitude of ore and other deposits containing a wide spectrum of mineral resources. Their extraction and processing led in the course of time to the emergence of different mining landscapes with specific types of buildings. These characteristic mining infrastructures illustrate the different ways of exploitation of diverse resources, as well as the development of distinctive technologies and the resulting change of the mining intensity. The technological ensembles and mining landscapes are testimonies of the worldwide important technical and scientific achievements made by mining experts in the Ore Mountains in different mining periods.
Criterion (v): The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří is the result of a long-term formation of a spacious area by human activities, which were focused on ore mining and ore processing, closely connected with social, economic and administrative factors of mining and the way of dealing with the natural conditions of the region. The geological characteristics of the ore deposits have crucially determined the way of dealing with the nature in the work processes of mining and metallurgy. Depending on the level of development of mining technologies in specific time periods, the landscape has changed several times. The traces of these changes can be seen in the landscape till today and represent a source of our present-day knowledge of past mining periods. The component parts reflect the successive stages of the development of mining techniques as well as characteristic forms of mining towns and settlements, the specific land-use shaped by mining, and the evidence of human settlement in specific conditions of upland locations with its direct impacts on landscape and culture.
Criterion (vi): The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří represents a region which is directly associated with the culture of an old mining territory as it is not only perceived in Europe but also elsewhere in the world. The serial property represents a mining region which is in a unique way tied to an identity shaped by long lasting and still ongoing mining. Over centuries these mining activities have generated specific artistic, literary and scientific works as well as unique traditions which are still alive and thoroughly maintained. The history of mining is still a defining part of the collective memory of the people in the region. The global impact of the serial property is further illustrated in the development of mining and geosciences which are tangibly linked to the founding of the first major international and still existing mining academy in the world – the Bergakademie Freiberg (1765). This university has for long served as a worldwide center of training of mining experts, which substantially increased the international scientific prestige of the region in the field of mining. The early scientific examinations made by scholars of the Freiberg Bergakademie led to a series of discoveries and developments in mining and metallurgy which were crucial for the development of modern mining sciences and geosciences. The Erzgebirge is worldwide considered as the cradle of mineralogy and geology as well as temporarily the leading training place for international mining experts. This is extraordinary illustrated by the work “De re metallica” (1556) of the Renaissance scholar Georgius Agricola whose work was mainly inspired by the mining culture of the Ore Mountains.
Satements of authenticity and/or integrity
The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří is a continuing cultural landscape in which exceptional evidence of past mining activities has survived in a comprehensive way. It is composed of a series of component parts linked together by a common historical narrative. The component parts of the series including well-preserved remains of mining and mining-related activities were carefully selected so that they bear witness to all important milestones in the history of the nominated serial property and to its outstanding universal value. Each part illustrates a different combination of characteristic attributes and thus contributes to the understanding of the whole property. As a living landscape, some areas have experienced new developments, some buildings have been adapted for continued use and some buildings have disappeared in the course of time but the intactness of the landscape and the authenticity of the remaining structures are still outstanding. The areal extent and number of preserved historical mining infrastructure with authentic traces from medieval time onwards is exceptional. The serial property preserved a completely unique and authentic character with clearly evident remains of mining activities. The nominated properties of the series benefit from legal protection.
Comparison with other similar properties
The comparison concentrates on the three attributes of the serial property – time depth, diversity of mineral resources and cultural facets – and their distinctive combinations which are characteristic for the individual component parts. It also takes into consideration the specific thematic features of the region like its transboundary nature, which is so far unique in the context of mining world heritage as well as the global influence of the region in the field of mining and geosciences.
Although there are some sites on the World Heritage and National Tentative lists directly associated with mining, most of these sites are not comparable with the nominated property because of their completely different time horizon and their belonging to a different geo-cultural area without any correlation to the Central European mining landscapes. The majority of the compared sites do not document the transformation of a landscape and the evolution of a culture strongly influenced by mining in such a coherent way like the nominated property. Although they document important aspects of mining, they hardly have a comparable range of attributes. The main attribute of most sites is based on a single aspect. Only a small selection of sites such as the network of mining installations in Goslar, Rammelsberg and the Upper Harz region has an almost similar complex approach with differing components. But they differ either in time-scale or in completeness still allowing only a limited insight into the complexity of a mining region.
To summarize, there is no comparable World Heritage Site or otherwise known property providing such a comprehensive insight into a miner´s world like the Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří. The nominated serial property is not limited to the technological aspects but also covers social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects. The transformation process of a landscape exclusively formed by mining and its impacts on the environment can be traced here from the very beginning in the 12th up to the 21st century.
Justification of the selection of the component part(s) in relation to the future nomination as a whole:
The spatial arrangement of deposits and historically significant mining areas in the Ore Mountains requires a serial approach. The 13 separate component parts are necessary to illustrate all important characteristics of the mining and cultural landscape in space and time. The nominated properties of the component parts reflect a distinctive combination of specific attributes. Their selection was made in such a way that they cover all a distinctive combination of these attributes and fulfil the criteria of authenticity and integrity. Each component part is telling a peculiar chapter of the origin and development of a coherent mining region. All component parts are culturally, historically, socially and functionally linked. The boundaries of the components were chosen so that the individual objects and ensembles which constitute the component parts display completely and sufficiently all values necessary for the justification of the outstanding universal value. The Mining Culture Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří thus represents a series of several carefully selected unique locations that cover historically the most significant landscape units and most valuable monuments. | <urn:uuid:5ee23b18-cd34-4945-be18-4ce469ad6aa6> | 2013-05-18T17:42:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Penny Arcade Expo (2008)
What is PAX?
The Penny Arcade Expo (PAX) is an annual gaming show that is held in or around Seattle, Washington, each summer. The show is hosted by the creators of the popular online comic, Penny Arcade, who are also responsible for Child's Play, a charitable endeavor that started locally (Seattle) and has now become a global initiative that calls for the support of gamers in helping needy and sick children in many countries around the world. (Child's Play has, so far, gathered and distributed more than $1,300,000 in cash and items.)
What is ArenaNet's Role in PAX?
ArenaNet has attended PAX for many years. Starting with a small booth in 2004, before the launch of the first Guild Wars campaign, the studio has taken part every year since, and is now esteemed as one of the keystones of the show.
What's on Board for 2008?
ArenaNet will be revealing details about ArenaNet's plans for PAX 2008 on the official website, and that information can also be shared here once it becomes official. | <urn:uuid:5d457026-617c-4bc6-ae84-50c110beacbf> | 2013-05-18T17:18:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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James "The Amazing" Randi has an international reputation as a magician and escape artist, but today he is best known as the world's most tireless investigator and demystifier of paranormal and pseudoscientific claims.
Randi has pursued "psychic" spoonbenders, exposed the dirty tricks of faith healers, investigated homeopathic water "with a memory," and generally been a thorn in the sides of those who try to pull the wool over the public's eyes in the name of the supernatural. He is also a vocal atheist who does not exempt religious dogma from his relentless criticism of unfounded claims.
In 1996, the James Randi Educational Foundation was established to further Randi's work. Among other duties, the foundation adminsters a million dollar paranormal challenge, offering a prize to anyone who can prove the existence of any supernatural phenomenon. To date, it remains unclaimed.
- “I hereby state my opinion that the notion of a god is a basic superstition and that there is no evidence for the existence of any god(s). Further, devils, demons, angels and saints are myths; there is no life after death, no heaven or hell; the Pope is a dangerous, bigoted, medieval dinosaur, and the Holy Ghost is a comic-book character worthy of laughter and derision. I accuse the Christian god of murder by allowing the Holocaust to take place—not to mention the 'ethnic cleansing' presently being performed by Christians in our world—and I condemn and vilify this mythical deity for encouraging racial prejudice and commanding the degradation of women.” — James Randi, in Skeptic magazine (1995 Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 11)
- “I suggest that we might want to depose this incumbent God and start dealing with The Real World. He's proven — time and again — to be cruel, capricious, and vindictive. He drowns, crushes, burns, and starves millions of us every day. He created cancer, viruses, and germs to invade and destroy our bodies as He sees fit, and uses them very effectively. In His wisdom, He directed those in charge to impede stem cell research so that such a powerful approach would not be available to us and He wouldn't have to strain the Divine Intellect to disarm that defense. We amuse Him as we flail about vainly trying to appease Him. I vote that we dump Him.” — Swift, 2 September 2005 | <urn:uuid:39963c04-1831-4704-a814-89279923c169> | 2013-05-18T17:19:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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How to add your knowledge
Solver message 99671
** ERROR 99671 ** The melt temperature is at or below absolute zero. Check the process settings and run the analysis again.
The melt temperature is zero kelvin or less.
Specify a positive absolute melt temperature in the process settings.
Message will close by itself in seconds
Message timer has been stopped | <urn:uuid:7d7a2917-8dcf-462d-8a9f-adc590c86dbe> | 2013-05-18T17:51:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Your entertainment hub may be ready to go. See if Windows Media Center is on your PC.
Ready to watch? Learn what you need to get the most from Windows Media Center.
Entertainment starts here: Record TV shows, copy CDs, and create photo slide shows.
Browse our Frequently Asked Questions, learn about extenders, and solve problems.
Windows Media Center isn't available for Windows RT. Visit the Windows Store to find entertainment apps. | <urn:uuid:b50f5bd7-b645-4a09-99ee-4a8b16433ce0> | 2013-05-18T17:31:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The PowerVR SGX Series5 Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) core family is a series of highly efficient graphics IP cores that meet the multimedia requirements of the next generation of consumer, communications and computing applications. The PowerVR SGX Series5 architecture is fully scalable for a wide range of area and performance requirements, enabling it to target markets from low cost feature-rich mobile multimedia products to very high performance consoles and computing devices.
The family incorporates the revolutionary Universal Scalable Shader Engine (USSE™), with a feature set that exceeds the requirements of OpenGL 2.0, OpenCL 1.0 and OpenVG 1.1 from Khronos and DirectX 10.1 from Microsoft, enabling 2D, 3D and GPU compute processing in a single core.
After having experienced the fast-paced world of the IP business as a junior engineer at various companies around Europe, Alex has decided to pursue his dream of working in technical marketing and PR. His enthusiasm for gadgets and all things electronic has led him to Imagination Technologies, a company which has been at the forefront of mobile graphics and multimedia since its inception. His background includes research in computer graphics at the School of Advanced Studies Sant'Anna in Pisa and a brief stint as a CPU validation engineer, working for an established international company. When not planted firmly in front of his laptop, Alex can be found hitting the basketball court, singing along at a rock n' roll concert, enjoying art cinema or reading his favorite American authors. He sees the PR department as a driving force behind preserving and growing the company's already strong name brand. | <urn:uuid:1777cc6b-4b72-4653-94df-8082758c8523> | 2013-05-18T17:37:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Iranian officials are blaming the U.S. and Britain:
Iran's military suffered a heavy blow today when a suicide bomber killed at least 29 people in the country's volatile south-east, including several Revolutionary Guard commanders.
The victims included the guards' deputy commander, General Noor Ali Shooshtari, thought to be the most senior member killed in recent years.
Local media said at least 28 had been wounded in the bombing at a conference hall in Sarbaz in Sistan-Baluchistan, Iran's poorest province, as Revolutionary Guard commanders met local tribal elders.
Conflicting reports said an undetermined number of commanders had died. Initial accounts put the number at six, but Hosein Ali Shahriari, MP for Zahedan, the provincial capital, told the semi-official news agency ILNA, that at least 20 commanders had died.
Rajab Ali Mohammadzadeh, chief commander of Sistan-Baluchistan province, was also killed.It was Iran's highest military death toll since the end of the 1980-1988 Iraq war, the conservative website Tabnak said.
Officials immediately blamed Britain and the US as rescue workers sifted through wreckage searching for survivors. "Surely foreign elements, particularly those linked to the global arrogance [regime code for America and Britain], were involved in this attack," a guards statement read out on state TV said.
The New York Times provides additional coverage including details referencing two separate but coordinated attacks:
At least five commanders of Iran's elite Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps were killed and dozens of others left dead and injured in two terrorist bombings in the restive region of the nation's southeastern frontier with Pakistan, according to multiple Iranian state news agencies.
The coordinated attacks appeared to mark an escalation in hostilities between Iran's leadership and one of the nation's many disgruntled ethnic and religious minorities, in this case the Baluchis. The southeast region, Sistan-Baluchistan, has been the scene of terrorist attacks in the past, and in April the government put the elite Guards Corps in control of security there to try to stop the escalating violence.
Iranian officials have accused foreign enemies of supporting the terrorist insurgents and repeated that charge Sunday. By midday, official news reports from Iran said that 31 people were killed and at least 28 injured.
"There is no doubt that this violent and inhumane act was part of the strategy of foreigners and enemies of the regime and the revolution to destroy unity between Shias and Sunnis and create divisions among the unified ranks of the great Iranian people," said a statement issued by the Revolutionary Guards through the official IRNA news service.
In a brief statement on Sunday, the United States condemned the suicide bombing and denied it had anything to do with it. "We condemn this act of terrorism and mourn the loss of innocent lives. Reports of alleged U.S. involvement are completely false," said Ian Kelly, U.S. State Department spokesman, according to Reuters.
President Obama could not be reached for comment apparently as he was busy launching his own attacks on American Industry.
The Nobel Peace Prize committee did not return our phone calls. | <urn:uuid:c2d12655-6c87-4071-b1f8-799e30735711> | 2013-05-18T17:18:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Jan. 17, 1847
July 5, 1912
July 20, 1856
Mar. 27, 1922
Buried Smithland Cemetery, Livingston County, Kentucky. Tombstone photographed 24 November 2011.
The 1850 Livingston County census shows Theodore Presnell in the household of G. and Nancy Presnell. Theodore was age 24 and born North Carolina. Just four households away was the Isaac Taylor family, including Anne, who was age 13.
According to the Kentucky death certificate of Theodore D. Presnell, he was the son of Gabe Presnell and Nancy Ann Wadlington, both born in North Carolina. Theodore's occupation was listed as telephone operator.
The Kentucky death certificate of Ann Presnell shows she was born in England and was the daughter of Isaac Taylor and Ann Jakes, who were also born in England. | <urn:uuid:55cf2f0d-946e-404f-b1f3-7d8f9c0cb23a> | 2013-05-18T17:26:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Dion Mial has been openly accusing W.G. Coleman and his wife Sue of taking money from the actor during his youth, when he had a starring role on popular TV sitcom Diff'rent Strokes, claiming their greed forced Gary to file for bankruptcy in 1999.
For years, the Colemans refused to speak out to defend their name against Mial's repeated allegations, but they have finally snapped after the broadcast of a documentary titled The Will: Family Secrets Revealed, which aired on U.S. network Investigation Discovery last week (24Jan13). Mial reiterated the claims on the show.
The Colemans are now demanding Mial stop spreading the lies or step up and prove his allegations in court.
A statement issued to WENN reads: ""Gary Coleman's parents have recently viewed an episode of the Discovery ID show 'The Will'. On the show, Dion Mial, an associate of the late child actor, defamed and slandered the parents, stating that they stole $20 million from him. Dion also indicated that the parents forced him to work when he was ill.
""W.G. Coleman and Sue Coleman have remained silent through the years, however, after 25 years, Dion Mial's lies have enraged the Colemans and they are telling Dion to 'put up or shut up'! In more specific terms, they are demanding that he prove in fact and detail all the accusations he has made throughout the years against them.""
Gary's first agent, Vic Perillo, has backed up the Colemans' claims and has offered to formerly challenge Dion over his side of the story to help the actor's parents put a stop to the accusations.
The Diff'rent Strokes star, who suffered from congenital kidney disease, died from a brain haemorrhage in May, 2010 following a fall at his home in Utah. He was 42. | <urn:uuid:7a004b7d-6c38-446a-9002-f961057968dd> | 2013-05-18T17:18:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Today we ask that you take time to ground yourself.
There is an enormous amount of energy moving through your reality. And your bodies conduct and absorb it — particularly your nervous system. The human brain generates and absorbs a vast amount of energy.
Human brains are a lot like nuclear reactors. In order to function properly, they must be cooled down. Otherwise they overheat, and when this happens, things can get quite toxic.
What heats the brain? Any kind of cogitative thought. Strategizing, planning, calculating. Imagination heats the brain even more — visualizing, fantasizing. Worry is a negative use of the imagination that heats the brain. All creative work heats the brain. Watching TV, or looking at information on a screen heats the brain. Computers are very heating for the brain and nervous system.
What cools the brain? Being outdoors. Bathing in water. Engaging in activities that minimize cogitative or creative thought and require that you “be in your body.” Exercise, yoga, dance, many forms of martial arts. Meditation. Deep breathing is very cooling for the brain. Being around animals or small children cools the brain.
Caffeine and sugar heat the brain. Water and green vegetables cool the brain.
It is very important to cool the nervous system. Many forms of mental and physical imbalance and illness are really just side effects of nervous system “burnout.” Insomnia, anxiety, depression, fatigue and many other stress-related symptoms are a result of nervous overheating and burnout.
Truly, it is wise to think of your brain as a nuclear reactor. It harnesses a vast amount of energy. It is a great engine of creation and cogitation. But you must keep it cool. Do not let it overheat — or you may well experience a meltdown. | <urn:uuid:e5c3f6c1-9967-4a2c-b431-2e5b155479fd> | 2013-05-18T17:37:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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meta_query & tax_query behavior
When you're defining a
meta/tax_query and make use of the new array style argument list for multiple sets of term or custom field keys, then your query might look close to the following
'tax_query' => array(
'relation' => 'OR',
array('taxonomy' => 'tax1', 'field' => 'slug', 'terms' => 'term1'),
array('taxonomy' => 'tax2', 'field' => 'slug', 'terms' => 'term2'),
This would be the result:
SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.* FROM wp_posts
INNER JOIN wp_term_relationships ON (wp_posts.ID = wp_term_relationships.object_id)
INNER JOIN wp_term_relationships AS tt1 ON (wp_posts.ID = tt1.object_id)
WHERE 1=1 AND
AND (wp_term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id IN (XXX)
OR tt1.term_taxonomy_id IN (YYY) )
Example code taken from this trac ticket by @Otto. Please subscribe there to follow its progress and vote for getting a change into core.
The problem with the query …
… basically is that you'll get a
JOIN for every column. It's not necessary, as the tables are already melted together with the 1st
JOIN. Sadly core simply behaves like that at the current state 3.3.x and will stay like this in 3.4.
Maybe a solution?
Your best chance would be to intercept the
posts_clauses filter in your plugin and manually change the query. The real problem with this solution is that you'd have to do a
str_replace( $search, $replace, $query ); in your plugin. On the one hand, that's maybe slowing things down and on the other hand you'd have to follow this ticket as when this moves in, your plugin will simply break (better leave a link to the ticket in your plugins code).
What can I do?
Jump into trac and add your thoughts & patches to the ticket. If you're a real hero, then you could try to get at the
meta_query problem too.
Community would thank you :)
If you think this img is inappropriate, just delete it. | <urn:uuid:66a2f5e9-b03f-4d91-b889-2b97c3e70e2c> | 2013-05-18T17:19:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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One thing you shouldn't do when you're unsuccessfully trying to get pregnant? Make sure every movie you see revolves around pregnancy or features a pregnant woman.
The last three movies I've seen are Juno, Waitress and Lars and the Real Girl.
Now don't get me wrong. I thought all three were really great movies. However, when everyone else is laughing and you're crying like an idiot? Maybe you should be avoiding these kinds of films.
With all the blubbering I've been doing lately, you'd think I was pregnant but no such luck. It's weird wanting something so much that 10 years ago you prayed would never happen to you.
Turns out it's not as easy as you'd think to get knocked up - oh yeah, saw that movie too.
Am I a glutton for punishment or what? | <urn:uuid:fe518e24-6193-447f-8088-d4a0ae87e401> | 2013-05-18T17:48:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Does forehead evidence that a prosecutor attended Ash Wednesday Mass violate a separation of church and state? Listen to defense attorney's logic:
"He is representing the state of Iowa," Hawbaker said.
Hawbaker said he was not objecting for any personal or religious reasons, but feared the jury could be influenced either for or against the prosecution's case by the display.
"I tend to agree with that, Mr. Crawford," said Judge Michael Moon. "I tend to think it should be removed."
What if the prosecutor wore a cross around his neck. Would he have to remove that? Does a visible display of one's religious faith constitute a separation of church and state? If a priest or nun was going to testify, would they have to remove any evidence of their vocation before taking the stand. Do I have to ask any further hypothetical questions to illustrate how idiotic this is? | <urn:uuid:83b07be8-c953-4b3f-ac24-0deda66c53be> | 2013-05-18T17:49:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NORFOLK, Va. - Virginia Beach doesn't have a deal in place yet for an NBA team to relocate to the city if it builds an 18,500 seat arena near the oceanfront, Mayor Will Sessoms said on Tuesday.
That lack of a commitment a day before the General Assembly convenes jeopardizes the city's chances of receiving state money to help build the arena and pay for the unidentified team's relocation costs, which city officials have said is necessary to get the team to move to Virginia's largest city.
The most likely target for relocation is the Sacramento Kings, which failed to reach an agreement to build a new arena there and has flirted with the possibility of moving to another city before.
Virginia Beach wants the state to contribute $150 million toward the project, with $70 million of that going toward arena construction costs. The other $80 million would go toward an expected $30 million league relocation fee, $8 million in corporate relocation costs and $42 million to offset lost revenue while the team plays in smaller arenas in Virginia for two years while a new arena is built.
The city would pay $242 million and sports and entertainment company Comcast- Spectacor would contribute $35 million.
Comcast-Spectacor would operate the arena and has been negotiating with the unidentified team to serve as its anchor tenant. Without a team agreeing to a long-term lease, no arena would be built. Until that's in place, Sessoms said he can't ask lawmakers to provide money for the project and that would effectively kill the proposal.
"We have not reached a level of progress that will allow the city to go before the General Assembly to request the necessary funding. If the city is to secure support from the state, which is critical to this project, we must have a firm proposal for the legislature to consider. We must make more progress with our discussions," Sessoms said in a joint statement with Comcast-Spectacor President Peter Luukko.
While time to reach a deal is short, it hasn't run out.
The General Assembly meets through Feb. 23 and the deadline for an NBA team to file a relocation application is March 1.
The joint statement says the city and Comcast-Spectacor are still committed to the concept of an arena in Virginia Beach "and to continuing discussions with a potential anchor tenant."
"We're certainly keeping the door open," Sessoms said in an interview.
Brock Vergakis can be reached at www.twitter.com/BrockVergakis
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
To find their Mr. Darcy, one theater in Minn. has turned to a Mad Man.
Emma Watson revels in her post-"Potter" freedom at Cannes.
More cursing happens in Maryland than across the Potomac River.
How much did a painting of a topless "Golden Girl" fetch? | <urn:uuid:3366009c-67b9-486e-90ad-ae036f678fb5> | 2013-05-18T17:29:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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By Samuel P. Jacobs
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Mitt Romney's campaign laughed off suggestions on Friday that the presidential candidate had used a cheat sheet during his debate with President Barack Obama, saying the object in question was a handkerchief to battle sweat.
As he walked to the podium Wednesday night, Romney was seen reaching into his right pocket and removing a white object, which he placed on the podium.
Video clips of the moment were posted online on Thursday by people who suggested the object was a crib sheet. Candidates are typically not allowed to bring notes on stage with them.
Later during the debate, Romney was seen wiping his brow with what appeared to be a white handkerchief.
The object was, in fact, a handkerchief, and the sweat-fighter was allowed under debate rules, Romney spokeswoman Andrea Saul said.
A spokesman for the Commission on Presidential Debates, the non-partisan organization that has managed debates since 1988, did not immediately return a request for comment.
While the debate agreement for 2012 is not public, the contract from 2004 outlawed any "tangible objects" from being brought on stage by the candidates. The agreement called for the moderator to interrupt any candidate who used any object such as a chart or diagram.
This is not the first time partisans have accused a candidate of shenanigans in a presidential debate.
In 2004, photographs of an apparent bulge in the back of George W. Bush's suit coat led some to question whether Bush was connected to some kind of receiver.
(Editing by Jim Loney) | <urn:uuid:c5dbd5d5-ed5f-4663-990b-255234bb9af5> | 2013-05-18T17:48:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Raymond P McIntosh 25.Apr.12 03:01 PM a Web browser Approach 9.7 Windows 7
I need my memory refreshed. I have a data base with a fairly modest number of records, but each record has a huge number of fields--so many, in fact, that they far exceed the 255 field limit for Approach dBaseIV files. I've solved this by creating several different data bases and joining them all to the primary one, thus giving myself 255 fields times the number of data bases. But what I'm fuzzy about is the impact of calculated fields. As I recall, calculated fields (and some others, variable, I think) exist only in the Approach file, not in the .dbf file. And I think I recall reading somewhere that calculated fields do not count against the 255 field per database limit, because that limit is a dbase limit, not an Approach limit. What I'm also not clear about is whether a calculated field can be created ONLY in the primary data base, when multiple databases are joined, or if they can be in ANY of the joined databases. When I look at the field lists, the calculated fields appear in the field list for EACH of the joined databases, so it appear that a calculated field created in the primary data base Approach file also becomes a calculated field in all of the joined files. But, as best as I can recall, I've never actually tried to create a calculated field in any data base except the primary one. So, my questions are:
1. Am I correct in my understanding about calculated fields existing only in the Approach file, and that they don't count against the limit of 255 fields per file?
2. If so, is there any limit to the maximum number of calculated fields in an Approach file?
3. Finally, if there IS a limit, can it be overcome in thee same manner as I overcame the limit of other fields--that is, by creating the calculated fields that exceed the limit in another joined database. | <urn:uuid:38bbd9ec-0b2b-4238-bbd9-a3a1f722c27a> | 2013-05-18T17:17:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NEW YORK (AP) — Moody's Investors Service has downgraded France's government bond rating, citing the country's weak economic growth outlook and its exposure to Europe's economic crisis.
The rating agency lowered France's rating one notch on Monday from Aaa — its top rating — to Aa1. The outlook for the rating remains negative, meaning it could face future downgrades.
Moody's says France's long-term growth outlook is slowing and that it is becoming increasingly difficult to predict how resilient it will be to future euro-area shocks. But the agency noted that the country's rating and the stability of its banks still remain extremely high compared with many other European countries. | <urn:uuid:f474c8c5-104e-4c9f-add7-5c864ee0ba25> | 2013-05-18T18:06:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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LOS ANGELES -- The mystery of Michael Jackson's mother's disappearance was clarified Thursday with the release of court papers that said she was kept from communicating with outsiders while at a resort and was unaware she had been reported missing.
Katherine Jackson declared in the documents that she learned she was the subject of a search when she accidentally heard a TV report.
Before that, she said, she was kept virtually incommunicado without access to a phone or her iPad. She said her stay at the Tucson resort was unplanned, and she went there after she was told her doctor had ordered her to rest.
Before that, she had intended to take a cross-country RV trip to see her sons perform in concerts.
"While there was a telephone in my room, the telephone was not functioning and I could not dial out," she said in the documents. "In addition, there was no picture on the television in my room."
She told of asking repeatedly to have the TV fixed.
"One morning I woke up to the sound of the television," she said. "While there was no picture, I heard a broadcast that stated I was missing."
Her declaration was attached to papers filed in a request to be reinstated as guardian of Michael's children, Prince, 15, Paris, 14 and Blanket, 10. Superior Court Judge Mitchell Beckloff granted the request Thursday and temporarily named her nephew, TJ Jackson, as co-guardian.
Beckloff said last week that he didn't believe Katherine Jackson had done anything wrong but suspended her guardianship duties because she had been out of contact with her grandchildren for 10 days.
While at the resort, Jackson said, she was unaware that her grandchildren were worried about her and that her lawyer had flown to Tucson to contact her.
"While I was away, I had no reason to question whether the people with whom I placed trust would inform me that Prince, Paris and Blanket were trying to reach me," she said.
She said she had asked about the children and was told they were fine.
"The day before I was brought home from Tucson, I was finally permitted to use the phone to speak with Prince, Paris, Blanket and TJ," she said.
Some of Katherine Jackson's comments appeared in conflict with a statement she made to ABC News before she left Tucson.
Seated with her children Randy, Janet and Rebbie next to her, she read from a prepared statement saying she had not been held against her will
"My children would never do a thing to me like that, holding me against my will," she said. "It's very stupid for people to think that."
She said then that she was devastated at learning she had lost guardianship of her grandchildren and said the action "was based on a bunch of lies."
In the aftermath of what her attorney Perry Sanders Jr. called "the chaos," Katherine Jackson asked for a meeting with TJ Jackson and the lawyer to find out what was going on.
As a result, she said, she decided that TJ Jackson, who had been an unofficial co-guardian of the children, needed legal authority in case something happened in her absence.
Beckloff said during a hearing after Jackson resurfaced that an investigator who looked into the children's care found the late pop star's 82-year-old mother was an excellent guardian and the children love her.
"I think the kids are in terrific hands," the judge said. "It appears from the report that Katherine Jackson has done a wonderful job and cares about the children very much."
Beckloff noted that the children also have a close relationship with their 34-year-old cousin TJ Jackson, who was named temporary guardian last week after working closely with Katherine Jackson since Michael Jackson died.
TJ is "incredibly respectful" of the family matriarch and she is respectful of him, the judge said.
Beckloff said he will finalize the arrangement later this month but for now will issue letters of co-guardianship allowing both Jacksons to make decisions about the welfare of the children.
TJ Jackson's new co-guardianship status is temporary, but the judge could make it permanent when he convenes the next court hearing on Aug. 22.
The shared guardianship plan is apparently designed to remove pressure from Katherine Jackson who was previously named in her son's will as the children's sole guardian.
Sanders has said the arrangement will allow her to focus on the children's upbringing and not on home or logistics issues.
The changes in guardianship come on the heels of family dissension over Michael Jackson's will, which left nothing to his siblings when he died three years ago. Several of them signed a letter that was leaked to the media alleging the will was a fake and calling on executors of the estate to resign.
On Wednesday, Jermaine Jackson issued a plea for peace in the family and withdrew his support of the letter.
He wrote that the family is still raw from Michael Jackson's death, and his mother has endured incredible stress and pressures since then. | <urn:uuid:be58bc61-0b8a-4a4c-be7e-a837266468c8> | 2013-05-18T18:07:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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GLENNVILLE, Ga. -- The GBI says a 14-year-old girl who disappeared from Glennville, Ga. Saturday has been found in Norcross.
According to the GBI, Norcross Police found Griselda Cibrian safe Monday morning.
Initially, Glennville Police said she was abducted by a 24-year-old man who was considered armed and dangerous. A Levi's Call, which is Georgia's version of an Amber Alert for abducted children, was issued Sunday.
On Monday, GBI spokesman John Bankhead said the teen willingly left with the man, whom she had met in an online chat room. Apparently, she'd told the man she was 19, and when he showed up at her house, her parents tried to drive him away, but she hopped in his pickup truck and left with him.
Authorities believed the two were heading to Atlanta. Using cell phone technology, investigators tracked down the man's employer in Gwinnett County and found out that the truck actually belonged to his employer.
Bankhead said Cibrian called her dad after seeing media coverage about her disappearance, and a GBI agent who happened to be with her father got on the phone and convinced her to turn herself in.
The man she left with is now in Norcross police custody and being questioned. | <urn:uuid:d869546f-d776-4606-b1bd-811cce11a474> | 2013-05-18T17:27:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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My son Jake, who?s seven, just told me that he "hates" a classmate whom we?ve invited to his birthday party. Jake says this child is a bully and mean to everybody. Is there a way to take back our invitation?
No. Once given, an invitation cannot be retracted ? unless the party is cancelled. Constant adult supervision will be the duty of the day. Before the party, talk to your son about his duties as host and encourage him to be polite to the boy. This boy may be a wonderful party guest ? only time and good manners will tell.
My five-year old has been invited to her first big birthday party. How should I prepare her?
She?ll have a wonderful time if you help her to do the following:
Have her arrive on time.
Teach her how to greet the host and host parents courteously.
Tell her to respect the host?s home: no climbing on furniture, talking back to adults, wrestling, trespassing in off-limits places.
Make sure she knows to accept the food that is served. If she doesn?t like hot dogs or vanilla cake, she can still accept them and take a polite bit or two. If she has a very strong food aversion or allergy, she can simply say "No thank you."
She should participate in all games and activities. Talk to her about being a good sport. If for some reason she can?t participate in an activity, she should be an enthusiastic spectator.
Remind her to thank the host and host parents when she is leaving.
And as for you, the parent, make sure to pick your child up on time.
I?m so busy. It seems like these children?s birthday parties just pop up out of nowhere and I have no time to buy a gift for my child to bring. Is cash in an envelope ok?
It?s important to consider the wishes of the parents and the norm among the child?s peers. Gifts of money may disappoint young children who would rather get games and toys. However, middle-schoolers and teenagers would probably be thrilled with cash on the barrelhead. So, consider your audience. Tip: Keep a few age-appropriate gifts on hand so that you don?t have to run out at the last minute.
Help! Sweet-sixteen birthday parties seem to be on par with an upscale wedding receptions these days. My daughter watches a show about these parties on MTV and always says that she wants her sixteenth to be ?like that.? What should I do?
Sounds like you need to provide a cushion for her fall. Sixteen is old enough to be mature about money constraints and family ethics. Talk to her about what would be special to her. She will probably say something like, ?I want all my friends there and we have to have non-stop pizza and a DJ.? That might be do-able; and if not, you?ll have to negotiate from there. Let her make some of the phone calls to get pricing information, availability, etc. Make sure she understands the budget. If you want to throw a surprise party, have her best friends help you out so you can make sure to have some elements that she will really be thrilled with ? if not the 20 passenger Hummer H2 with plasma TV and disco ball.
About the Emily Post Institute
The Emily Post Institute, created by Emily in 1946 and run today by third generation family members, serves as a "civility barometer" for American society and continues Emily's work. That work has grown to address the societal concerns of the 21st century including business etiquette, raising polite children and civility in America. | <urn:uuid:b7b564e0-13e6-493f-b6a3-136ab7724975> | 2013-05-18T17:29:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"I own the guns I own because I acknowledge mankind's shortcomings instead of pretending like they don't exist," Boston wrote. "There are evil men in this world and there just may be a time when I need to do the unthinkable to protect me or my family."
But many commentators disagreed with Boston's take.
"I respect gun usage to a point when they are use (sic) with respect and with common sense," wrote iReporter RindaLynn.
"Guns do not save people. People choosing not to use guns save people," RindaLynn added.
YankCT highlighted the value of Boston's military contributions even while disagreeing with his views.
"Ms. Feinstein is an elected official who was selected by voters to represent their interests in a governing body," YankCT wrote. "She has the authority and responsibility to do just that until the people whom she represents decide otherwise through their votes. This gentleman believes that he is above the law. This is untrue; in fact, my guess is that he swore to defend the country and respect its laws when he entered the Marines."
At points in his letter, Boston addresses the senator directly:
"I am not your subject," he writes. "I am the man who keeps you free. I am not your servant. I am the person whom you serve. I am not your peasant."
In response to Boston's letter, Feinstein released this statement:
"Senator Feinstein respects Cpl. Boston's service. She has heard from thousands of people -- including many gun owners -- who support her plan to stop the sale, transfer, importation and manufacturing of assault weapons and large capacity magazines, strips and drums that hold more than 10 rounds. As Senator Feinstein has said, the legislation will be carefully focused to protect the rights of existing gun owners by exempting hundreds of weapons used for hunting and sporting purposes." | <urn:uuid:d68b25f2-273f-4318-9537-29b22c20b68a> | 2013-05-18T18:06:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mu'aadh ibn Jabal on Knowledge
Excerpted from works by Ibn Taymiyyah and Abu Nu`aim
The Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam said about Mu`aadh ibn Jabal: "Verily, when the people of knowledge will be present before their Lord, the Mighty and Sublime, Mu`aadh will be one step ahead of them." [Saheeh, Ibn Sa`d, Aboo Nu`aim, at-Tabaraanee]
He, sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam, also said about Mu`aadh: "…the most knowledgeable of them [my Ummah] about the lawful and the prohibited is Mu`aadh bin Jabal…" [At-Tirmidhee, Ibn Hibbaan, ibn Maajah, al-Baihaqee, al-Haakim, who declared it Saheeh, and adh-Dhahabee and al-Albaanee agreed with him.]
Ibn Taymeeyah writes in al-Wasiyyah: "Part of Mu`aadh’s excellence further is that the Prophet, sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam, sent him to the people of Yemen as a preacher on his behalf, a caller, a teacher of understanding in the Deen, a giver of religious verdicts, and a judge."
This is Mu`aadh, radhiallaahu ta`aalaa `anhu, to whom the Prophet, sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam, also said: "O Mu`aadh! By Allaah, truly I love you." [Aboo Daawood, an-Nasaa’ee, ibn Hibbaa, Aboo Nu`aim, Ibn Khuzaimah and al-Haakim, who declared its isnaad to be saheeh, and adh-Dhaabee agreed]
Aboo Nu`aim reports some sayings of Mu`aadh himself about the excellence of knowledge, among which we find the following:
"Knowledge is a comforting friend in times of loneliness, it is the best companion during travels, and it is the inner friend who speaks to you in your privacy. Knowledge is the discerning proof of what is right and what is wrong, and it is the positive force that will help you surmount the trials of comfort, as well as those of hardships. Knowledge is your most powerful sword against your enemy, and finally, it is your most dignifying raiment in the company of your close companions."
"Through knowledge, Allah, blessed be His Name, raises some people in rank, and He makes them leaders in righteousness and models in morality. The vestige of their faith is avidly sought, their deeds are emulated perceptively, and people will seek and sanction their opinions solicitously and unequivocally. The heavenly angels seek their company and anoint them with their wings, every fresh or withered life they pass by implore Almighty Allah to forgive them their sins, even the fish in the oceans, the beasts of the lands and every bird of prey and migratory bird pray and solicit the mercy of Almighty Allah on their behalf. This is because knowledge revives the dead hearts and drives them out of darkness into light, and because knowledge is the light of the inner eyes that cures one’s blindness and restores his inner sight."
author: Yaser Birjas
total reads: 1855
author: Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
category: Soul Purification
total reads: 7915 | <urn:uuid:76bb3660-732e-4811-94bd-9c4c052c6cc5> | 2013-05-18T17:27:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This research deals with planning in domains with dynamically changing, multiple, interacting goals. What distinguishes this work from reactive planners (e.g. (Firby 1987)) is the fact that the goals for which planning is done are not known in advance; rather, goals are formed and change rapidly during the planning process itself. Although planners that produce appropriate plans exist for such domains (Rymon et al. 1993), we want a planner that also provides a basis for explaining why some action is chosen over another or why some goal is no longer relevant etc., which is necessary for effective decision support (Gertner 1994). | <urn:uuid:4f42b926-c73b-4866-970f-c5b0704caf42> | 2013-05-18T17:26:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Who painted the portrait of George Washington on the $1 bill?
The Answer: Gilbert Stuart, 1755-1828.
George Washington posed for Gilbert Stuart, the son of a Newport, R.I. snuff grinder and a student of Benjamin West on April 12, 1796. Stuart replicated this portrait over and over again, including the one used on the $1 bill.
Two other Washington portraits by Gilbert Stuart are currently generating much controversy as the New York Public Library offered them up for auction, hoping to fetch up to $23 million for an endowment fund. | <urn:uuid:29a86f4f-f2a1-48fe-a2d1-b5afbb126c49> | 2013-05-18T17:57:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A FightBac!® Focus on Cook
Cook to proper temperatures.
Cooking times vary for meats, poultry and fish. After cooking, keep foods out of the "danger zone" (4°C to 60°C or 40°F to 140°F) by preparing them quickly and serving them immediately.
Keep it hot, hot, hot!
When serving hot food buffet-style, keep it hot (at 60°C or 140°F) with chafing dishes, crock pots and warming trays.
When eating out, return any undercooked food for additional cooking.
Cook it Right:
Foods are properly cooked when they are heated for a period of time at a high enough temperature to kill harmful bacteria that can cause foodborne illness.
Keep all soups, chili and hot dips piping hot before serving. If you're travelling to a party or to work, keep hot foods hot in an insulated thermal container.
Sizzling Cooking Tips:
When cooking in a microwave oven, make sure the food is cooked thoroughly. For best results, cover food, stir and rotate for even cooking and follow suggested standing times.
Use a clean thermometer, which measures the internal temperature of cooked foods, to make sure meat, poultry, egg dishes, casseroles and other foods are cooked all the way through. Insert the thermometer in different spots to ensure even cooking. Wash your food thermometer with hot, soapy water before using it again. Sanitize it for the safest results.
Cook to Safe Temperatures:
Look at the temperature chart or contact your local health authority for safe internal temperatures. | <urn:uuid:ffe06fb0-6700-467e-9096-3bf9158a5a00> | 2013-05-18T17:17:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Santa's magic based on science
Ever wondered how Santa Claus can travel around the world in just one night on his reindeer-pulled sleigh and deliver toys to all the children?
"He exploits the space-time continuum," says Larry Silverberg, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at North Carolina State University.
Santa's magic may go far beyond merely travelling across 322 million square kilometres to visit hundreds of millions of homes of children in just one night, Silverberg says.
"He understands that space stretches, he understands that you can stretch time, compress space and therefore he can, in a sense, actually have six Santa months to deliver the presents," says Silverberg.
"In our reference frame it appears as though he does it in the wink of an eye and in fact there have been sightings of Santa, quick sightings, and that's in our reference frame, but in Santa's reference frame he really has six months".
Building on demand
Silverberg says his research has established that Santa does not, as commonly thought, carry enough presents for each child in his sleigh. "How could he?" he says.
"We believe that he uses nanotechnology to grow the presents under the tree and really, what he's done, is he's figured out how to turn what we call irreversible thermo-dynamic properties into reversible ones and so he really starts with soot, candy, other types of natural materials, he puts them under the tree and he actually grows them in a reverse process to create the presents, wrapping and all."
And then there's the age-old question that Santa has to address every year - who's been naughty and who's been nice?
"We believe, that there are large antennas miles long under the snow up at the north pole and we think the grid-spacing is in the order of millimetres so that you can receive radar-type signals," says Silverberg.
Santa's trip takes in all continents and all time zones. Silverberg says his sleigh is equipped with an onboard sleigh guidance system.
He says the reindeer are genetically bred to fly, balance on rooftops and see in the dark.
Silverberg has been researching Santa for more than a decade.
"It's certainly a worthy thing to spend time on and it has all sorts of ramifications in everyday life," he says. | <urn:uuid:0a2bf733-f75c-48c6-9d08-3984c48079a9> | 2013-05-18T17:41:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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MEMPHIS, TN (abc24.com) - A Cordova man who suffocated his wife and stuffed her body in their truck will spend the rest of his life in prison. Prosecutors called Joe Caronna a lying, thieving killer and the jury agreed.
The jury deliberated less than two hours Thursday afternoon. Tina Caronna's family was overjoyed when they heard the guilty verdict. They say Tina can finally rest in peace.
The prosecution went on the attack during closing arguments.
"He had plenty of time to think about killing his wife. All he had to do within those first 4 minutes is stop! And she could've lived,” said prosecuting attorney Tom Henderson.
The defense painted Joe Caronna as the victim of a botched Bartlett Police investigation.
"We'll probably never know who really did kill her but Joe Caronna did not kill his wife,” said Joe Caronna’s defense attorney Rusty White.
But jurors didn't buy that theory and found Caronna guilty of First Degree Murder.
"It was a little freaky to have such a circumstantial case come back so quickly,” said another prosecutor, Karen Cook. “It was a long week but I'm very pleased with the verdict.”
Tina's family shed tears and hugs after hearing the guilty verdict.
“I'm happy, I can't explain how I feel really,” said Tina’s son Todd Gray.
"Thank you lord! Hallelujah! That's what I wanted to shout out in the courtroom,” said Tina’s mother Clara Murphy.
Joe Caronna strangled and suffocated his wife in October 2008. He stuffed her in the back seat of their Chevy Avalanche and left the truck parked in Bartlett. Police found her body a couple days after she disappeared. Prosecutors said he did it because she knew too much about his affairs and his financial trouble. Four years later and 8 days of trial, Tina's family says justice was served.
"It's a good relief to know that he's guilty,” said Gray. “I feel like it's been lifted off our shoulders."
But this guilty verdict will never bring Tina Caronna back.
"I miss her everyday but someday I'll get to see her again,” said Murphy as she wipes tears from her cheek. “She was loved by so many people. She had all these people here; they loved her (cries), he didn't have to kill her."
"I love her. I always will. I'll miss her,” said Gray.
We tried to talk to Joe Caronna's lawyers, but they left quickly after the verdict. They've already filed a motion for a new trial. A judge will hear that at the end on November 30th. | <urn:uuid:1c69abfb-2fa0-4979-acd0-bbde41cc40bf> | 2013-05-18T18:06:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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is a crime
Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority can ultimately prescribe a conviction...
, the essence of which is illicit entry into a building for the purposes of committing an offense. Usually that offense will be theft
In common usage, theft is the illegal taking of another person's property without that person's permission or consent. The word is also used as an informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, shoplifting and fraud...
, but most jurisdictions specify others which fall within the ambit of burglary. To engage in the act of burglary is to burgle
(in British English
British English, or English , is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere...
) or to burglarize
(in American English
American English is a set of dialects of the English language used mostly in the United States. Approximately two-thirds of the world's native speakers of English live in the United States....
Common law definition
The common law
Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action...
burglary was defined by Sir Matthew Hale
Sir Matthew Hale SL was an influential English barrister, judge and jurist most noted for his treatise Historia Placitorum Coronæ, or The History of the Pleas of the Crown. Born to a barrister and his wife, who had both died by the time he was 5, Hale was raised by his father's relative, a strict...
- Breaking can be either actual, such as by forcing open a door, or constructive, such as by fraud or threats. Breaking does not require that anything be "broken" in terms of physical damage occurring. A person who has permission to enter part of a house, but not another part, commits a breaking and entering when they use any means to enter a room where they are not permitted, so long as the room was not open to enter.
- Entering can involve either physical entry by a person or the insertion of an instrument with which to remove property. Insertion of a tool to gain entry may not constitute entering by itself. Note that there must be a breaking and an entering for common law burglary. Breaking without entry or entry without breaking is not sufficient for common law burglary.
- Although rarely listed as an element, the common law required that entry occur as a consequence of the breaking. For example, if a wrongdoer partially opened a window by using a pry bar and then noticed an open door through which he entered the dwelling, there is no burglary at common law. The use of the pry bar would not constitute an entry even if a portion of the prybar "entered" the residence. Under the instrumentality rule the use of an instrument to effect a breaking would not constitute an entry. However, if any part of the perpetrator's body entered the residence in an attempt to gain entry, the instrumentality rule did not apply. Thus, if the perpetrator uses the prybar to pry open the window and then used his hands to lift the partially opened window, an "entry" would have taken place when he grasped the bottom of the window with his hands.
- House includes a temporarily unoccupied dwelling, but not a building used only occasionally as a habitation
- Night time is defined as hours between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise
- Typically this element is expressed as the intent to commit a felony “therein”. The use of the word “therein” adds nothing and certainly does not limit the scope of burglary to those wrongdoers who break and enter a dwelling intending to commit a felony on the premises. The situs of the felony does not matter, and burglary occurs if the wrongdoer intended to commit a felony at the time he broke and entered.
The common law elements of burglary often vary between jurisdictions. The common law definition has been expanded in most jurisdictions, such that the building need not be a dwelling or even a building in the conventional sense, physical breaking is not necessary, the entry does not need to occur at night, and the intent may be to commit any felony or theft.
Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
originates from Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon may refer to:* Anglo-Saxons, a group that invaded Britain** Old English, their language** Anglo-Saxon England, their history, one of various ships* White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, an ethnicity* Anglo-Saxon economy, modern macroeconomic term...
or Old English, one of the Germanic languages
The Germanic languages constitute a sub-branch of the Indo-European language family. The common ancestor of all of the languages in this branch is called Proto-Germanic , which was spoken in approximately the mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age northern Europe...
. According to one textbook, "The word burglar
comes from the two German
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, meaning "house," and laron
, meaning "thief" (literally "house thief"). Another suggested etymology is from the later Latin word burgare
, "to break open" or "to commit burglary", from burgus
, meaning "fortress" or "castle", with the word then passing through French and Middle English, with influence from the Latin latro
, "thief". The British verb "burgle" is a late back-formation.
Burglary is prosecuted as a felony
A felony is a serious crime in the common law countries. The term originates from English common law where felonies were originally crimes which involved the confiscation of a convicted person's land and goods; other crimes were called misdemeanors...
A misdemeanor is a "lesser" criminal act in many common law legal systems. Misdemeanors are generally punished much less severely than felonies, but theoretically more so than administrative infractions and regulatory offences...
and involves trespassing and theft, entering a building or automobile, or remaining unlawfully with intent to commit theft or any crime, not necessarily a theft for example, vandalism
Vandalism is the behaviour attributed originally to the Vandals, by the Romans, in respect of culture: ruthless destruction or spoiling of anything beautiful or venerable...
. Even if nothing is stolen in a burglary, the act is a statutory offense. Buildings can include sheds, barns, and coops; burglary of boats, aircraft, and railway cars is possible. Burglary may be an element in crimes involving rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or with a person who is incapable of valid consent. The...
Arson is the crime of intentionally or maliciously setting fire to structures or wildland areas. It may be distinguished from other causes such as spontaneous combustion and natural wildfires...
In criminal law, kidnapping is the taking away or transportation of a person against that person's will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment, a confinement without legal authority...
, identity theft
Identity theft is a form of stealing another person's identity in which someone pretends to be someone else by assuming that person's identity, typically in order to access resources or obtain credit and other benefits in that person's name...
, or violation of civil rights; indeed the "plumbers" of the Watergate scandal
The Watergate scandal was a political scandal during the 1970s in the United States resulting from the break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement...
were technically burglars. As with all legal definitions in the U.S., the foregoing description may not be applicable in every jurisdiction, since there are 50 separate state criminal codes, plus Federal and territorial codes in force.
Technically, a burglary committed during the hours of daylight is not burglary, but housebreaking.
In many jurisdictions in the U.S., burglary is punished more severely than housebreaking. In California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
, for example, burglary was punished as burglary in the first degree, while housebreaking was punished as burglary in the second degree. California now distinguishes between entry into a residence and into a commercial building, with the burglary into a residence with heavier punishment.
In states that continue to punish burglary more severely than housebreaking twilight
Twilight is the time between dawn and sunrise or between sunset and dusk, during which sunlight scattering in the upper atmosphere illuminates the lower atmosphere, and the surface of the earth is neither completely lit nor completely dark. The sun itself is not directly visible because it is below...
, night is traditionally defined as hours between 30 minutes after sunset and 30 minutes before sunrise.
Some academics consider burglary as an inchoate crime. Others say that because the intrusion itself is harmful, this justifies punishment even when no further crime is committed.
Possession of burglar's tools, in jurisdictions that make this an offense, has also been viewed as an inchoate crime:
Under Florida State Statutes
The Florida law is based on the Florida Constitution , which defines how the statutes must be passed into law, and defines the limits of authority and basic law that the Florida Statutes must be complied with...
, "burglary" occurs when a person "enter[s] a dwelling, a structure, or a conveyance with the intent to commit an offense therein, unless the premises are at the time open to the public or the defendant is licensed or invited to enter. Depending on the circumstances of the crime, burglary can be classified as third-, second-, or first-degree felonies, with maximum sentences of five years, fifteen years, and life, respectively.
A person commits the offense of burglary when, without authority and with the intent to commit a felony or theft therein, he enters or remains within the dwelling house of another or any building, vehicle, railroad car, watercraft, or other such structure designed for use as the dwelling of another or enters or remains within any other building, railroad car, aircraft, or any room or any part thereof. A person convicted of the offense of burglary, for the first such offense, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than 20 years. For the purposes of this Code section, the term "railroad car" shall also include trailers on flatcars, containers on flatcars, trailers on railroad property, or containers on railroad property. O.C.G.A. § 16-7-1
Burglary and the intended crime, if carried out, are treated as separate offenses. Burglary is a felony, even when the intended crime is a misdemeanor, and the intent to commit the crime can occur when one "enters or remains unlawfully" in the building, expanding the common law definition. It has three degrees. Third-degree burglary is the broadest, and applies to any building or other premises. Second-degree burglary retains the common-law element of a dwelling, and first-degree burglary requires one to be in a dwelling and to be armed with a weapon or to cause injury. A related offense, criminal trespass, covers unlawful entry to buildings or premises without the intent to commit a crime, and is a misdemeanor or, in the third degree, a violation. Possession of burglar's tools, with the intent to use them to commit burglary or theft, is a misdemeanor.
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...
uses the term "burglary" to refer to a night-time breaking and entering of a dwelling with the intent to commit a felony. Burglary is a felony punishable by not more than twenty years; should the burglar enter with a dangerous weapon, they may be imprisoned for life. Unlawful entries of a structure other than a dwelling are labeled "breaking and entering" and punishments vary according to structure.
In Maryland, under title 6, subtitle 2 of the criminal law code, the crime of burglary is divided into four degrees. The first three degrees are felonies, while fourth-degree burglary is a misdemeanor. Breaking and entering into a dwelling with intent to commit theft or a crime of violence is first-degree burglary. Breaking and entering into a "storehouse" (a structure other than a dwelling, also including watercraft, aircraft, railroad cars, and vessels) with intent to commit theft, arson, or a crime of violence is second-degree burglary. Third-degree burglary is defined as breaking and entering into a dwelling with intent to commit a crime.
Simple breaking and entering into a dwelling or storehouse without specific intent to commit an additional crime is fourth-degree burglary. This degree also includes two other offenses that do not have breaking and entering as an element: Being in or on the yard, garden, or other property of a storehouse or dwelling with the intent to commit theft, or possession of burglar's tools with the intent to use them in a burglary offense.
In the criminal code of New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian...
, "A person is guilty of burglary if he enters a building or occupied structure, or separately secured or occupied section thereof, with purpose to commit a crime therein, unless the premises are at the time open to the public or the actor is licensed or privileged to enter."
Under the penal law
In the most general sense, penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation, as opposed to civil law that seeks to redress private wrongs...
in New York, burglary is always a felony, even in third degree. It is more serious if the perpetrator uses what appears to be a dangerous weapon, or if he or she enters a dwelling.
In Pennsylvania, it is a defense to prosecution if the building or structure in question is rendered abandoned
In Virginia, there are degrees of burglary, described as "Common Law Burglary" and "Statutory Burglary."
Common Law Burglary is defined as: if any person breaks and enters the dwelling of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony or any larceny (Theft < 200$) therein, shall be guilty of burglary, punishable as a class 3 felony; provided, however, that if such person was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, he shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.
Statutory Burglary is defined as: If any person in the nighttime enters without breaking, or in the daytime breaks and enters or enters and conceals himself in a dwelling house or an adjoining, occupied outhouse, or, in the nighttime enters without breaking or at any time breaks and enters or enters and conceals himself in any office, shop, manufactured home, storehouse, warehouse, banking house, church or other house, or any ship, vessel or river craft, or any railroad car, or any automobile, truck, or trailer, if such automobile, truck or trailer is used as a dwelling or place of human habitation, with intent to commit murder, rape, robbery or arson in violation of Virginia State code section 18.2-77, 18.2-79, or 18.2-80, shall be deemed guilty of statutory burglary, which offense shall be a class 3 felony. However, if such person was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, he shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.
Additionally, if any person commits any of the acts mentioned in the VA state code section 18.2-90 with intent to commit larceny, or any felony other than murder, rape, robbery or arson in violation of VA state code section 18.2-77, 18.2-79, or 18.2-80, or if any person commits any acts mentioned in 18.2-89 or 18.2-90 with intent to commit assault and battery, shall be guilty of statutory burglary, punishable by confinement in a state correctional facility for not less than one or more than twenty years, or, in the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, be confined in jail for a period not exceeding twelve months or fined not more than $2,500, either or both. However, if the person was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, he shall be guilty of a Class 2 felony.
Finally, if any person break and enter a dwelling house while said dwelling is occupied, either in the day or nighttime, with intent to commit any misdemeanor except assault and battery or trespass (which falls under the previous paragraph), shall be guilty of a class 6 felony. However, if the person was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, he shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.
In Wisconsin, burglary is committed by one who enters a building without consent and with intent to steal or to commit another felony. Burglary may also be committed by entry to a locked truck or trailer or a ship. The crime of burglary is treated as being more serious if the burglar is armed with a dangerous weapon when the burglary is committed or arms himself/herself during the commission of the burglary.
England and Wales
Burglary is defined by section 9 of the Theft Act 1968
The Theft Act 1968 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It creates a number of offences against property in England and Wales.On 15 January 2007 the Fraud Act 2006 came into force, redefining most of the offences of deception.-History:...
which created two variants:
The offence is defined in similar terms to England and Wales by the
Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969.
Under Scots law
Scots law is the legal system of Scotland. It is considered a hybrid or mixed legal system as it traces its roots to a number of different historical sources. With English law and Northern Irish law it forms the legal system of the United Kingdom; it shares with the two other systems some...
, the crime of burglary does not exist. Instead theft by housebreaking
covers theft where the security of the building is overcome. It does not include any other aspect of burglary found in England and Wales. It is a crime usually prosecuted under solemn procedure
An indictment , in the common-law legal system, is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that maintain the concept of felonies, the serious criminal offence is a felony; jurisdictions that lack the concept of felonies often use that of an indictable offence—an...
in a superiour court. Another common law crime still used is Hamesukin which covers forced entry into a building where a serious assault on the occupant takes place. Common law
Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action...
crimes in Scotland are gradually being replaced by statutes.
In Canada, burglary is labelled as "Breaking and Entering" under section 348 of the Criminal Code
A criminal code is a document which compiles all, or a significant amount of, a particular jurisdiction's criminal law...
and is a hybrid offence
A hybrid offence, dual offence, Crown option offence, dual procedure offence, or wobbler are the special class offences in the common law jurisdictions where the case may be prosecuted either summarily or as indictment...
. Breaking and entering is defined as trespassing with intent to commit an indictable offence
In many common law jurisdictions , an indictable offence is an offence which can only be tried on an indictment after a preliminary hearing to determine whether there is a prima facie case to answer or by a grand jury...
. The crime is commonly referred to in Canada as "break and enter" which in turn is often shortened to "B and E".
In Sweden, burglary does not exist as an offence in itself, instead there are two available offences. If a person simply breaks into any premise, he is technically guilty of either unlawful intrusion
or breach of domiciliary peace
), depending on the premise in question. Breach of domiciliary peace is only applicable when a person "unlawfully intrudes or remains where another has his living quarters"
The only punishment available for any of these offences is fines, unless the offence is considered gross. In that case, the maximum punishment is two years in prison.
However, if the person who has forced himself into a house, steals anything
(literally "takes what belongs to another with intent to acquire it"
), he is guilty of (ordinary) theft
). However, the section regarding gross theft
(Chapter 6, 4s of the Penal Code, grov stöld
) states "in assessing whether the crime is gross, special consideration shall be given to whether the unlawful appropriation took place after intrusion into a dwelling."
For theft, the punishment is imprisonment of at most two years, while gross theft carries a punishment of between six months and six years.
As in Sweden, there is no crime of burglary as such in Finland. In the case of breaking and entering, the Finnish penal code states that
A person who unlawfully
(1) enters domestic premises by force, stealth or deception, or hides or stays in
such premises [...]
shall be sentenced for invasion of domestic premises to a fine or to imprisonment for at most six months.
However, if theft is committed during unlawful entering, then a person is guilty of theft or aggravated theft depending on the circumstances of the felony.
(1) If in the theft the offender breaks into an occupied residence,
and the theft is aggravated also when assessed as a whole, the offender shall be
sentenced for aggravated theft to imprisonment for at least four months and at most
- R v Collins
R v Collins 1973 QB 100 is a case decided by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales which examined the meaning of "enters as a trespasser" in the definition of burglary...
Trespass is an area of tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person, trespass to chattels and trespass to land.Trespass to the person, historically involved six separate trespasses: threats, assault, battery, wounding, mayhem, and maiming...
- Home Invasion
Home Invasion is the fifth solo album by Ice-T. Released in 1993, the album Home Invasion is the fifth solo album by Ice-T. Released in 1993, the album Home Invasion is the fifth solo album by Ice-T. Released in 1993, the album (which was originally set to be released in 1992 under the deal with...
- Watergate burglaries
- "Cat burglar" at Wiktionary
Wiktionary is a multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in 158 languages... | <urn:uuid:57d7671f-998e-45cc-be3c-f9daa3b6982a> | 2013-05-18T17:19:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ask a question about 'Grabow'
Start a new discussion about 'Grabow'
Answer questions from other users
(ˈɡʁaːbo) is a town in the Ludwigslust-Parchim
Ludwigslust-Parchim is a district in the west of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is bounded by the state Schleswig-Holstein, the district Nordwestmecklenburg, the district-free city Schwerin, the districts Rostock and Mecklenburgische Seenplatte and the states Brandenburg and Lower Saxony...
district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is a federal state in northern Germany. The capital city is Schwerin...
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It is situated on the river Elde
The Elde is a river in northern Germany , a right tributary of the Löcknitz. Its total length is 220 km. The Elde originates near Altenhof, south of Malchow. It first flows southeast towards the southern end of Lake Müritz, which it enters at Vipperow. It flows out of the Müritz at its...
, 7 km (4.35 mi) southeast of Ludwigslust
Ludwigslust is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, 40 km south of Schwerin. It was the capital of the former district of Ludwigslust, and is part of the district Ludwigslust-Parchim since September 2011.-History:...
, and 34 km (21.12 mi) northwest of Wittenberge
Wittenberge is a town of twenty thousand people on the lower Elbe in the district of Prignitz , Brandenburg, Germany.-History:...
The historical center of Grabow is distinguished by its close core of timber-framed houses
Timber framing , or half-timbering, also called in North America "post-and-beam" construction, is the method of creating structures using heavy squared off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs . It is commonplace in large barns...
of the 18th century.
Otto Emil Plath, the father of Sylvia Plath
Sylvia Plath was an American poet, novelist and short story writer. Born in Massachusetts, she studied at Smith College and Newnham College, Cambridge before receiving acclaim as a professional poet and writer...
, had immigrated from Grabow to America. | <urn:uuid:f323d362-4438-4208-a2d9-25fdbf52c069> | 2013-05-18T18:00:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Milton's first publication, A Mask Presented at Ludlow Castle, is examined. Milton's vision of a poet's heaven in "Ad Patrem," paired with the letter to Charles Diodati, with its particular emphasis on the need for chastity in poets, is used as a springboard to a discussion of the depiction of sexual ideals in the masque. Revelation 14, 1 Corinthians, and the Apology for Smectymnuus are also discussed at length, as are the poet's biography and the history of the masque's title.
A study of Milton's poetry, with some attention to his literary sources, his contemporaries, his controversial prose, and his decisive influence on the course of English poetry.
As one of the world's great universities, Yale traces its roots back to the early 1640s when colonial clergyman sought to establish a school in order to continue the tradition of European education within the Americas. Yale has now grown to educate over 11,000 students from over 100 countries on a 310-acre campus in New Haven, Connecticut. Within the school's 260 buildings are over 2,000 undergraduate programs in 65 departments taught by a distinguished faculty. As Academic Earth's first partner school, Yale has been a leader within the space of OpenCourseWare by consistently delivering on its esteemed mission to expand access to educational materials for all who wish to learn. | <urn:uuid:babd8ea7-7007-40c0-8d04-c03f1bcc3968> | 2013-05-18T17:30:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- 12 ounces ground lamb
- 12 ounces 93%-lean ground turkey
- 1 cup fresh whole-wheat breadcrumbs, (see Tip)
- 1 large egg white
- 1 cup minced onion, divided
- 6 cloves garlic, minced, divided
- 4 tablespoon chopped fresh mint, divided
- 1 teaspoon ground coriander
- 1/2 teaspoon ground cumin
- 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt, divided
- 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
- 1/2 cup red wine
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1 28-ounce c crushed tomatoes
Preheat oven to 350°F. Coat a baking sheet with cooking spray.
Combine lamb, turkey, breadcrumbs, egg white, 1/2 cup onion, half the garlic, 2 tablespoons mint, coriander, cumin and 1/4 teaspoon salt in a large bowl. Gently mix to combine. Shape into 48 little meatballs, about 1 tablespoon each. Place on the prepared baking sheet.
Bake the meatballs for 10 minutes. Set aside.
Meanwhile, heat oil in a large saucepan over medium heat. Add the remaining 1/2 cup onion and cook, stirring, until golden, 3 to 5 minutes. Stir in the remaining garlic, wine, cayenne and the remaining 1/4 teaspoon salt. Simmer over medium-low heat until the wine has reduced significantly, 3 to 5 minutes. Add tomatoes, return to a simmer, reduce heat to low and simmer, partially covered, for 20 minutes.
Add the meatballs to the sauce and cook until heated through, about 5 minutes. Garnish with the remaining 2 tablespoons mint.
- Serving: Per serving
- Calories: 178
- Carbohydrates: 13g
- Fat: 7g
- Protein: 13g
- Dietary Fiber: 2g
- Saturated Fat: 2g
- Monounsaturated Fat: 3g
- Cholesterol: 35mg
- Potassium: 333mg
- Sodium: 275mg
- Exchanges: 1/2 starch, 1 vegetable, 2 lean meat
- Carbohydrate Servings: 1 | <urn:uuid:dc592bd2-f503-4222-8e8f-76163c0a2f23> | 2013-05-18T17:58:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Share the experience
Want to make your race experience more social? Plancast helps you discover what your friends
are doing in the coming days, weeks and months. Now you can share your experience and distribute
your photos and videos from a recent event through Twitter and Facebook instantly with your
friends and fans.
And it's easy, just choose what you want to upload! | <urn:uuid:7e3753d6-d535-4922-9af1-4742cbb329f2> | 2013-05-18T18:04:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Who lost Afghanistan? The war is coming to an end. The finale and American discussion of it will both be ugly. The initial goal was, or should have been, to wipe out a terrorist group that had sponsored a spectacularly successful attack on the United States on 9/11. "Mission creep" expanded this goal. Afghanistan must be made safe from border to border, our forces doing good at every turn, winning the "hearts and minds," consolidating American influence while trying, unsuccessfully, to avoid the label "nation building" and the realities nation building represents.
We merged our enemy al-Qaida with "the Taliban," a much larger, local, loose organization of fundamentalists defending a medieval concept of Islam which, while ruling Afghanistan, had given shelter to al-Qaida. We now slowly recognize the strategic error in assuming they were identical. Remember George W's "Mullah Omar and Osama Bin Laden, dead or alive"? Well now, Obama killed Osama, but we need to cut a deal with Omar.
Deal-making follows exasperation with the corruption and commitment lapses of our Afghanistan allies. After all these years of building and training the Afghanistan forces, how can it be that only one battalion out of twenty-three in an army of 200,000 can operate independent of support by U.S. forces? How come a military force that size, supported by a force of 200,000 trained police, backed or led by tens of thousands of American troops, can't decisively beat scattered insurgent forces estimated generously as maybe 40,000? Or, as Americans might put it to our generals, why must we still worry that withdrawing American troops will result in the collapse of the Afghanistan military, police forces and the national government in which we have invested so much in blood and treasure?
There are many reasons. Our forces, with feeling, may first point to the sanctuary provided to the Taliban in our "ally," Pakistan (shades of Cambodia). But that is hardly the most important reason.
Afghanistan has been ruled by warlords for centuries. There has never been a rule of law. Periods of peace have come about through uneasy and shifting alliances and truces among tribes. The people are used to settling disputes by the sword. Corruption, in our terms, is a way of life. The idea that a people with a culture roughly reflecting the culture of the early Middle Ages in the West could be brought round to a rough resemblance of modernity through military invasion was always a fantasy. The Taliban's authoritarian rule, including its treatment of women, is deeply imbedded in a culture subscribed to even by many women. Thousands of Afghanistan men and women share some level of sympathy with Taliban ideology. The Taliban could not operate as they do without this cadre of underground sympathizers.
To the five foot tall ragged-robed Afghanistan peasant with his donkey, the six foot American white or black skinned soldier, enclosed in helmet, goggles, boots and body armor, dismounting from fantastic enclosed vehicles, speaking no understandable language, is to all appearances a menacing visitor from outer space. The Taliban foot soldier, supposedly his enemy, looks like him and prays like him.
Afghanistan commitment to the Americans depends on billions of dollars for soldiers' pay, and billions that trickle down from the American forces and their contractors. The Afghanistan war has enriched the residents of Kabul and some other places beyond life's experience, temporarily. It is a false economy, like Saigon's. What happens when the Americans leave?
Here at home, how will Americans feel, two and three years from now and on, when we are deluged with stories of torched schools, abused women, the compulsory burqa, vengeful torture, mass murder and other atrocities?
If the politicians had not gotten in the way and cut back on the required commitment that the generals said was necessary, we could have won. Who are these politicians? President Obama is not running, but he is a Democrat. The Democrats lost Afghanistan. The presidential and congressional election of 2016 will swirl around questions of fault and recrimination. Good morning Vietnam.
John Havelock briefly toured Vietnam in 1967. He is a former Alaska attorney general. | <urn:uuid:7632731c-ec17-4fa7-9269-b729ef49b14f> | 2013-05-18T17:57:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Adopting Smart: How Adoption Works and How Much it Costs
Thinking about adoption, but not sure which kind is right for you? Here's an overview of optionshow they work and what they cost.
By Lois Gilman and Susan Freivalds
If you're just starting out, be prepared: Adoption today is not what it was just a decade ago. Do you prefer a closed adoption, in which the birth parents remain anonymous? Or are you comfortable with the increasingly common open adoption process, in which you actually meetand sometimes stay in touch withthe birth parents, usually the birth mother? Would you rather use an adoption agency or a private adoption lawyer, or seek a child through advertisements you place on your own? Would you consider adopting a child from another country? Could you parent a child whose racial or ethnic background is different from yours? How about an older child?
Families have more adoption alternatives now than ever before. Each comes with its own set of emotional and financial risks and benefits. To help you lay out the smartest possible plan, we will explain the various routes to adoption as well as how to limit your expenses so that you'll have more money left to buy teddy bears and diapers and start saving for your child's college education.
Adopting Through a Domestic Agency
In the past, families using an agency to adopt a newborn usually put their name on a list and waited for an agency social worker to make a match. Today, the birth parents get more of a say in choosing their child's adoptive parents. In the most common approach, the agency sends biographies of three or more sets of prospective adoptive parents to the birth parents, who pick the one they are most comfortable with. Then a meeting is set up for birth parents and adoptive parents to get together. This is what's known as an open adoption, and today at least half of the 15,000 or so domestic agency placements of infants each year involve birth parents and adoptive parents who have met each other.
While such openness seems threatening to some adoptive parents, many of them say that it removes the mystery from the adoption process and allows them to better answer their children's questions about who their birth mother was and why they were adopted. This can help immeasurably in allowing a child to come to terms with being adopted and feeling OK about it.
How open the adoption ultimately becomes depends on the agency and on the wishes of the birth and adoptive parents. In some cases, adoptive parents are in the delivery room for the birth and visit the birth parents over the years. But typically, after the initial meeting the adoptive parents and birth parents don't see each other again, though they might communicate at regular intervals through the agencyfor example, on the child's birthday and at holidays. If you want to adopt the old-fashioned waythat is, having no contact with the birth parents at allyou should look for an agency that still conducts closed adoptions. Some still do. But most now encourage varying degrees of openness, and if you insist on a totally closed process, your wait to become a parent may be much longer.
Fees vary widely around the country and, naturally, are affected by the types of services you get. At a few nonprofit agencies, such as Homes for Black Children in Detroit, there are no fees other than the $100 to $150 court filing costs. Far more common are agency charges of $12,000 or so that include the cost of the home study, counseling for birth parents and prospective adoptive parents, medical expenses and foster care, if needed. Usually you will be able to pay agency fees in stages. But be on your toes. It is always a red flag if an agency requires all fees prior to placement. Most reputable agencies ask for payment of no more than two-thirds of the fees before placement.
To mark the new year, Elise and Robert Sandiford of Los Angeles sent notes to their friends expressing their wish to adopt a newborn. A former neighbor in Chicago gave the letter to her rabbi, who passed it along to a pregnancy counselor in Colorado, who showed it to a teen client. The Sandifords met the teenager in Colorado, brought her back to California to live with them and paid her medical bills, counseling fees, living expenses and telephone bills. Three and a half weeks later they were in the delivery room for the birth of their daughter Kira.
While the Sandifords used an attorney and social workers to help with the adoption process, they'd arranged what is known as an independent (or private) adoption. That means that rather than using an adoption agency, they hired an adoption attorney to handle the legal paperwork. Of the estimated 30,000 infant adoptions that take place in the U.S. each year, at least half are independent adoptions. One advantage of this type of adoption is that you have more control over the search process if you do it yourself. But it can be tricky. Each state has its own rules governing independent adoptions, which are not legal in Connecticut, Delaware or Massachusetts.
In an independent adoption, you can ask an attorney to search for a birth mother if allowed by state law, or you can do the search and use the lawyer merely to screen prospective birth mothers you've found and to do the legal paperwork. By networking, mailing résumés to obstetricians and attorneys, running a classified advertisement for weeks in a variety of newspapers or even creating a home page on the internet, you can quickly spread the word that you're looking. If you choose this approach, you'll probably want to install a separate telephone line and answering machine to take responses. Expect to spend six months to more than a year in your search.
Independent adoptions can be risky. Although there are no reliable statistics, a significant number of the arrangements prospective adoptive parents make with birth mothers fall through, usually because the birth mother decides to parent her child. Insurance was available in the past to reimburse expenses in this case, but currently no insurance company offers this type of plan. So it's best to work closely with a lawyer who knows how to screen birth mothers and minimize all sorts of risks, including the possibility that you might be conned by unscrupulous people seeking to separate you from your money. For a referral, contact the American Academy of Adoption Attorneys (202-832-2222; www.adoptionattorneys.org).
What it costs: The total cost of the Sandifords' first adoption was $15,465. For their second independent adoption, their out-of-pocket expenses were just under $12,000. Because the Sandifords used the adoption grapevine rather than advertising to connect with birth mothers, their costs were relatively low. If you advertise extensively or hire a lawyer to search for you, or if the birth mother's or child's medical expenses run high, your total adoption costs can soar beyond $35,000.
International adoption is on the rise. In 2002 Americans adopted more than 20,000 babies, toddlers and older children from other countries. It's increasingly common in playgrounds across the country to see parents with a Chinese, Russian or Guatemalan toddler in tow. Parents often choose this route because "they do not have to compete for a child, the wait is often shorter, the fees lower, and the outcome more certain than in domestic adoption," according to one parent who chose international adoption after becoming daunted by the process of identifying a birth mother in the U.S. Many parents also relish the opportunity to incorporate another culture into their family.
Agencies throughout the United States handle most intercountry placements. A U.S. agency may have adoption programs in several different countries; each of these programs will have different requirements established by the placing countries. As you learn about agency programs, you are likely to discover that you are eligible for some but not others. If you're single or an older couple, be prepared for fewer options.The placing organization abroad may be a national department of social services, an orphanage, a private foundation or other social welfare organization. Depending on the laws of the country, judges, doctors, lawyers, social workers and other helping professionals may be involved in arranging an international adoption. Choosing experienced and responsible professionals is important: adoption scams can occur overseas as well as at home.
The paperwork for an international adoption can be daunting, because you are satisfying the requirements of a foreign government as well as the U.S. federal government. And while most international adoptions go smoothly, changes in government policy abroad can delay or derail a placement. It helps to select an agency that works in several countries acceptable to you in case your first choice becomes unavailable.
The majority of children adopted abroad are healthy, but there are risks. Children may be undernourished, have an infectious disease that requires treatment on arrival or show developmental delays in comparison with American infants their age. These are not necessarily long-term problems, but parents adopting abroad will want to consult a pediatrician familiar with international adoption before accepting a referral and for screening on arrival at home. For a list of medical professionals with experience evaluating children adopted internationally, see the website of Families with Children from China (www.fwcc.org/doclist.htm).
What it costs: Because international adoption involves costs in two countries and may require you to spend some time abroad, it can be as expensive as domestic adoption. The National Adoption Information Clearinghouse gives a range of $10,000 to more than $30,000, depending mostly on the requirements of the foreign country.
Adopting a Waiting Child
Over half of the more than 50,000 U.S. children adopted last year were beyond infancy or deemed "special needs" because of physical, mental or behavioral disabilities, their age, their minority group status, or their membership in a sibling group. Estimates put the number of children in foster care who are eligible for adoption at approximately 131,000. States and agencies caring for these "waiting children" consider all of them adoptable and will feature them in picture books you can find at public libraries or subscribe to by mail. Another source is the AdoptUSKids computerized photo-listing book (www.adoptuskids.org), which shows hundreds of waiting children throughout the United States. To adopt an older child from the foster care system, you must go through an agency.
What it costs: Because the aim of special-needs adoption is to find permanent families for waiting children, the costs are minimal and incentives are plentiful. Agencies will lower or waive their usual fees, and the government will reimburse you for your adoption expenses, including travel and legal bills. Plan on initial out-of-pocket expenses of $1,500 to $3,500, but expect to recoup your costs through a federal reimbursement plan or the adoption tax credit. In fact, for adoptions of many children from foster care, families will receive a $10,000 tax credit, regardless of their actual adoption expenses. The federal government mandates that states provide nontaxable adoption subsidies for special-needs children who meet federal and state guidelines. These monthly payments, typically until the child is 18, ensure that a prospective parent is not deterred from adoption because of the expenses of caring for a child with special needs and that the child receives required services. Coverage includes medical assistance, psychological counseling, day care and tutoring, for example. The average monetary subsidy is $250 to $300 monthly, says Joe Kroll of the North American Council on Adoptable Children, an advocacy and parent support organization in St. Paul, Minnesota, but it can reach $1,500 in some rare cases.
Get as much information as you can about the special-needs child you are considering, including medical records and family history, before the placement. And be sure to inquire about all available subsidies. Get a written subsidy agreement that provides for financial aid, medical coverage, social services and the reimbursement of nonrecurring adoption costs. If you fail to specify all possible expenses and eventualities, don't panic. Any time you have one benefit you can go back and negotiate others if the needs change. As with all aspects of adoption, this is a case where it pays to know the rules in advance.
How to Adopt Smart
Once you've decided that adoption is the right choice for your family, learn everything you can about all the alternatives. A good place to start your research is the Child Welfare Information Gateway in Washington, D.C. (www.childwelfare.gov). It will send out free fact sheets, lists of agencies in up to five states and reading lists to educate you about the adoption process. Also check out the website of Adoptive Families magazine (www.adoptivefamilies.com) for extensive, searchable agency listings and important information just for prospective parents.
Of the roughly 30,000 adoptions of healthy infants in the U.S. each year, most involve expenses of $10,000 to $25,000; some, especially those that require lengthy advertising to solicit birth parents, cost twice that much. International adoption usually totals $25,000 or less (including travel), but on occasion it too can exceed $30,000. While some adoption expenses are unavoidable, there are steps you can take to realize your dream of adopting a child without breaking the bank.
The home study: Whether you use an agency or a private lawyer to adopt in the U.S. or another country, one of the most important documents in your file, and one you are legally required to have, is a "home study." The end result of the study, which includes counseling, is a written evaluation of you and your family by a state-licensed social worker. If you are adopting through an agency, the agency worker assigned to your case will generally perform the home study. If you are using a private lawyer, you can still use an agency to do your home study, or you may be able to contract with an independent state-licensed social worker. Either way, this report typically costs $750 to $2,500, depending on where you live.
Sometimes the home study fee is rolled into a larger agency fee that prospective adoptive parents pay. That was the case with Deboriah Pogue, a single adoptive mother in White Plains, N.Y. Her bill of $4,000 from her adoption agency, for example, covered the home study, counseling for the birth parents, medical expenses for the birth mother, foster care for the child between birth and placement, and postplacement follow-up and counseling. It is important to clarify exactly what is covered by an adoption agency's fee before you make your selection. If you work with a private attorney, be aware that an attorney's charges usually do not cover the cost of the home study or the birth mother's prenatal and maternity care.
Birth mother's expenses: Whether you adopt through an agency or independently, if you want to adopt an infant in the United States you will probably need to pay at least some of the birth mother's expenses. Decide which birth parent expenses you are willing to underwrite, and know what is legal in your state. In most cases, if the birth mother lacks medical coverage and is ineligible for Medicaid, you will probably pick up prenatal and hospital delivery charges. As a benchmark, most adoption experts say to figure on spending at least $7,500 on these expenses. Explore whether a doctor or hospital can be paid in installments or will extend you a discount for services. Some states will also permit you to pay "maternity-related" expenses, such as rent, food, utilities, counseling and even lost income for the birth mother for time off work. Others, like Pennsylvania, forbid reimbursing the birth mother for anything but her medical costs.
While it's tempting to draw up a contract binding a birth mother to you, it's not legally enforceable; no state allows a birth parent to terminate parental rights before the birth of the child. You can, however, set up escrow accounts through your attorney, pay expenses out over time and get an itemization of all costs. (Your local court is likely to require detailed records of your adoption expenses at the time of finalization.)
Attorney's fees: If you adopt independently, budget $5,000 to $7,000 for your attorney and $2,000 for legal representation for the birth parents. Even if you don't use an attorney to help you locate a birth mother and arrange your adoption, you will almost surely employ a lawyer to help you complete, or "finalize," your child's adoption in court. Fees vary widely by locale but start around $1,000. To keep a lid on expenses, find an attorney who's flexible and sensitive to your need to save money. Don't use the attorney for routine hand-holding, since time spent talking on the telephone is typically billed. And steer clear of intermediaries who ask you to pay a "finder's fee," charging you just to look for a child and providing no other services, or who require you to pay to place your name on a waiting list.
Agency fees: In choosing an agency for domestic or international adoption, forget the old notion that you get what you pay for. Just because one agency charges more doesn't mean it provides better service. Ask the agencies for a breakdown of their fees, what they cover and what expenses are extra. It might turn out that the agency charges a low fee because most services, such as the birth mother's medical expenses and counseling, are à la carte. Some agencies use a sliding scale, basing fees in part on the client's income. Your best bet is to call an adoptive parents' support group and ask friends who've adopted for recommendations.
Other expenses: In addition to the agency's or attorney's fees, telephone bills as well as lodging, meal and travel costs can add as much as $5,000 to $10,000 to your overall adoption budget. And don't forget to check your medical insurance policy for your prospective child's coverage. Federal law requires most employer-sponsored group policies to pay medical expenses, including those for preexisting conditions, from the time you assume financial responsibility for the child. Make sure you're covered, and if you're not, consider purchasing a short-term policy until your regular policy kicks in when the adoption becomes final.
Perhaps most important: Tamp down those feelings of desperation. Adoptions happen all the time. You shouldn't be hearing that this is a once-in-a-lifetime situation or that you must make a snap decision or forgo the baby. "Be willing to walk away if it's not going right," says Mark McDermott, a Washington, D.C., adoption attorney. "People who are hoping to adopt are so anxious to do so that they are vulnerable to scams or high prices."
Tax credits, adoption benefits and other financial aid: If all these expenses sound overwhelming, keep in mind that you may have more resources available than you realize. Thanks to a law passed in 2001, up to $10,000 of unreimbursed adoption-related expenses can be claimed as a tax credit by households with a modified adjusted gross income of up to $150,000 a year. Families adopting children with special needs receive a flat $10,000 tax credit regardless of expenses occured.
Some employersincluding 65 percent of Fortune 500 companiesprovide adoption benefits, such as counseling, leave for adoptive mothers and fathers (it's often different from that for biological parents) and reimbursement for expenses. The average benefit is now approaching $4,000, say experts at the National Adoption Center in Philadelphia (800-TO-ADOPT; www.adopt.org). But some companies are far more generous. Eli Lilly and MBNA America reimburse costs up to $10,000.
Other resources include cash advances from credit cards, second mortgages, home equity loans and special adoption loans. You might also tap friends and relatives. You can often borrow from a life insurance policy, 401(k) or pension plan. Perhaps you can take a second job until your child comes or sign up with a birth mother who already has medical insurance. Bottom line: Leave no stone unturned.
Lois Gilman is the author of The Adoption Resource Book (Harper Perennial, 1998). Susan Freivalds, past Executive Director of Adoptive Families of America, is Founder and Editorial Advisor of Adoptive Families Magazine.
LEARN MORE: Read Daughters in Demand, by Lisa Milbrand, former editor of AF
Given a choice, many parents prefer to adopt girls. But should parents be allowed to select their child's sex? And does the desire for daughters affect the adoption community—and the children themselves?
Plus, check out readers' comments from all sides of the gender-preference debate. read more>>
©2003 Adoptive Families. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.
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via toll-free phone 800-372-3300 | <urn:uuid:0a1c3e45-12a2-47b3-a26e-4c96ef62e485> | 2013-05-18T18:06:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- According to Russia’s foreign minister, “the battle for the capital, the decisive fight” for Syria is underway.
- The most immediate question is whether Damascus will use chemical weapons against the opposition. @AmbJohnBolton
- The future dangers raised by Syria’s chemical, biological and nuclear programs are a cause for concern.
- “There will undoubtedly be an imminent risk of humanitarian disaster if Assad falls.” @AmbJohnBolton
The killings of Syria’s Defense Minister and other key officials last week by opposition forces threaten to shatter Bashir al-Assad’s regime. Without a devastating response, his days are numbered. Sergei Lavrov, Foreign Minister of Russia, Syria’s closest ally, warned darkly that “the battle for the capital, the decisive fight” for the country, was underway.
Final collapse of the Ba’ath Party dictatorship will have profound, if still unpredictable, consequences. One absolutely critical issue is Assad’s weapons of mass destruction (“WMD”). Even before the deadly bomb attack, the regime, for unknown reasons, had begun moving stockpiles of chemical weapons from secure storage locations.
"The most immediate question is whether Damascus will use chemical weapons against the opposition, as Amnesty International reported his father did during the 1982 Hama massacre." The most immediate question is whether Damascus will use chemical weapons (“CW”) against the opposition, as Amnesty International reported his father did during the 1982 Hama massacre. If Bashar concludes his regime will collapse and expose his fellow Alawites and other supporters to a bloodbath, he may calculate that resorting to CW is his only hope.
But the future dangers raised by Syria’s chemical, biological and nuclear programs are perhaps more important. The global threat to innocent civilians is tremendous, including not just actual weapons, but also critical precursor materials and manufacturing equipment. We must not permit terrorists like Al Qaeda or Hezbollah in next-door Lebanon, rogue states or a radical Syrian successor regime to acquire these capabilities. The time available is short, and the risks we face in attempting to secure or destroy Syria’s WMD are high.
Assad’s chemical weapons, which, as noted, are already in motion, are extensive and sophisticated. America’s Director of National Intelligence (“DNI”) recently reported that “Syria has had a CW program for many years and has a stockpile of CW agents, which can be delivered by aerial bombs, ballistic missiles, and artillery rockets.” Moreover, we still do not know whether Iraq’s Saddam Hussein, before his 2003 overthrow, sent CW assets into Syria, as unconfirmed reports indicated. If such Iraqi CW stocks exist in Syria, their current locations are unknown.
Syria’s possible biological weapons (“BW”) are also a grave danger. The DNI has warned that “Syria’s biotechnical infrastructure is capable of supporting BW agent development,” and earlier intelligence reports concluded it “highly probable” Syria was developing offensive BW capabilities. Obviously, more information is still classified, but Syria’s BW efforts undoubtedly pose a real danger if acquired by terrorists or other rogue states. While actual weaponization may not yet have occurred, terrorists could benefit enormously from Syria’s research and development efforts.
Syria’s nuclear capabilities are less certain. What is certain is that in September, 2007, Israel destroyed a reactor North Koreans were constructing near Al Kibar, part of an ongoing, covert Syrian nuclear program. Subsequent to the Al Kibar reactor’s destruction, Syria allowed International Atomic Energy Agency (“IAEA”) inspectors only limited access to the site, and refused access to other locations the IAEA requested.
Given Syria’s limited economic resources, it is entirely possible that Iran financed the reactor, making it a three-way joint venture. There has been considerable speculation that Iran and Syria were also engaged in other illicit nuclear weapons-related activities which they were obviously intent on concealing from the IAEA. This would be yet another explanation why Iran has so assiduously tried to maintain the Assad regime in power. Anything we learn about Syria’s nuclear activities could provide compelling evidence of Iran’s weapons intentions. And, of course, keeping whatever nuclear-related materials exist out of the hands of a radical successor regime or terrorists should be obvious.
Given the extraordinarily uncertain, dangerous environment that will prevail inside Syria immediately after Assad’s downfall, any military operation to secure or destroy WMD facilities and assets would be enormously dangerous. Nonetheless, the United States and its allies should be urgently preparing contingency plans to do just that.
Moreover, it should be made abundantly clear to Syria’s opposition forces that they must immediately secure or turn over all WMD-related facilities or materials in a satisfactory way. Any inconsistent behavior (looting or concealing WMD materials, transferring them abroad, or otherwise impeding their inspection and destruction) should immediately disqualify the opposition from any American assistance. Perhaps some monitoring work could be entrusted to the thus-far hapless United Nation observer mission if that would make it more palatable internationally.
There will undoubtedly be an imminent risk of humanitarian disaster if Assad falls, including a bloodbath against his supporters or massive flows of refugees and displaced persons. But even faced with a humanitarian tragedy, we must not forget the compelling risk of far larger tragedy that could be visited on innocent civilians elsewhere if Syria’s WMD capabilities reach terrorists or radical regimes. | <urn:uuid:1ed350c4-cecb-4a29-9dd4-ccc18689e90f> | 2013-05-18T17:57:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The 1989 Calendar of Black History
All the individuals in Aetna's 1989 calendar share a common quality: the courage to overcome the most difficult obstacles. Although blind from birth, pianist Thomas Greene Bethune became one of the "musical wonders of the world," writing more than 100 pieces of music before the age of 5. Charlotte Hawkins Brown who began educating children at the early of 12 when she formed a kindergarten class in her church, later founded the Palmer Memorial Institute. Elijah McCoy, the son of fugitive slaves, patented more than 50 inventions, including the tread for tires and a folding iron table. The phrase we use today, 'the Real McCoy,' was created for his originality.
Blanche Kelso Bruce | Patricia Roberts Harris
Richard Robert Wright | <urn:uuid:a247ef1f-46e2-4d61-8750-3cf72a4f768e> | 2013-05-18T17:57:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Chess requires you to think hard, analyze, plan, and execute. Problem-solving and learning are become a game! Studies conducted over the last 30 years show an increase in student IQ's, and test scores improve after less than a year of systematic chess study.
Chess is also valuable due to its intellectual brand attributes: Chess is known to be a smart person's game, and kids who play chess believe they are smart. Why is this important? Because what kids believe can be self-fulfilling.
What does chess do?
- Develops self-esteem
- Builds team spirit
- Increases concentration.
- Encourages and promotes pattern recognition
- Enhances logical deductive reasoning to solve problems
Chess levels the playing field. Age, gender, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, and spoken language are irrelevant factors when playing chess.
Why Offer Chess in Schools?
By Chessmaster Jerry Meyers - www.youthchess.net
Chess is a classic game of strategy, invented more than 1500 years ago in India. Legend has it that the ruler of India asked his wise men to devise a way to teach the children of the royal family to become better thinkers and better generals on the battlefield. Chess was the result. In the centuries since its invention, chess has spread to every country in the world. While countless other games have died out, chess lives on. In the United States, it has received endorsements by many educators, ranging from Benjamin Franklin to former U.S. Secretary of Education, Terrell Bell. In Western Pennsylvania, more than 70 schools and a dozen libraries offer chess programs, reaching several thousand students each year.
2) Academic Benefits
We have brought chess to the schools because we believe it directly contributes to academic performance. Chess makes kids smarter. It does so by teaching the following skills:
Focusing - Children are taught the benefits of observing carefully and concentrating. If they don't watch what is happening, they can't respond to it, no matter how smart they are.
Visualizing - Children are prompted to imagine a sequence of actions before it happens. We actually strengthen the ability to visualize by training them to shift the pieces in their mind, first one, then several moves ahead.
Thinking Ahead - Children are taught to think first, then act. We teach them to ask themselves "If I do this, what might happen then, and how can I respond?" Over time, chess helps develop patience and thoughtfulness.
Weighing Options - Children are taught that they don't have to do the first thing that pops into their mind. They learn to identify alternatives and consider the pros and cons of various actions.
Analyzing Concretely - Children learn to evaluate the results of specific actions and sequences. Does this sequence help me or hurt me? Decisions are better when guided by logic, rather than impulse.
Thinking Abstractly - Children are taught to step back periodically from details and consider the bigger picture. They also learn to take patterns used in one context and apply them to different, but related situations.
Planning - Children are taught to develop longer range goals and take steps toward bringing them about. They are also taught of the need to reevaluate their plans as new developments change the situation.
Juggling Multiple Considerations Simultaneously - Children are encouraged not to become overly absorbed in any one consideration, but to try to weigh various factors all at once.
None of these skills are specific to chess, but they are all part of the game. The beauty of chess as a teaching tool is that it stimulates children's minds and helps them to build these skills while enjoying themselves. As a result, children become more critical thinkers, better problem solvers, and more independent decision makers.
3) Educational Research
These conclusions have been backed up by educational research. Studies have been done in various locations around the United States and Canada, showing that chess results in increased scores on standardized tests for both reading and math. A study on a large scale chess program in New York City, which involved more than 100 schools and 3,000 children, showed higher classroom grades in both English and Math for children involved in chess. Studies in Houston, Texas and Bradford, Pennsylvania showed chess leads to higher scores on the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking.
4) Social Benefits
In the schools, chess often serves as a bridge, bringing together children of different ages, races and genders in an activity they can all enjoy. Chess helps build individual friendships and also school spirit when children compete together as teams against other schools. Chess also teaches children about sportsmanship - how to win graciously and not give up when encountering defeat. For children with adjustment issues, there are many examples where chess has led to increased motivation, improved behavior, better self-image, and even improved attendance. Chess provides a positive social outlet, a wholesome recreational activity that can be easily learned and enjoyed at any age.
Why does chess have this impact?
Why did chess players score higher on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking as well as the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal? Briefly, there appear to be at least seven significant factors:
- Chess accommodates all modality strengths.
- Chess provides a far greater quantity of problems for practice.
- Chess offers immediate punishments and rewards for problem solving.
- Chess creates a pattern or thinking system that, when used faithfully, breeds success. The chess-playing students had become accustomed to looking for more and different alternatives, which resulted in higher scores in fluency and originality.
- Competition. Competition fosters interest, promotes mental alertness, challenges all students, and elicits the highest levels of achievement (Stephan, 1988).
- A learning environment organized around games has a positive affect on students’ attitudes toward learning. This affective dimension acts as a facilitator of cognitive achievement (Allen & Main, 1976). Instructional gaming is one of the most motivational tools in the good teacher’s repertoire. Children love games. Chess motivates them to become willing problem solvers and spend hours quietly immersed in logical thinking. These same young people often cannot sit still for fifteen minutes in the traditional classroom.
- Chess supplies a variety and quality of problems. As Langen (1992) states: “The problems that arise in the 70-90 positions of the average chess game are, moreover, new. Contexts are familiar, themes repeat, but game positions never do. This makes chess good grist for the problem-solving mill.”
First Move Video
See what First Move is all about. Watch our foundation video to see how chess is used in the classroom as a learning tool. | <urn:uuid:3a710f76-d86f-418c-8cb4-9c388665a50f> | 2013-05-18T17:49:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The smiling warlord who controls Ras KamboniBy NYAMBEGA GISESA | Tuesday, June 12 2012 at 11:21
On May 22, as the sun was setting, a luxuriantly-bearded figure appeared at the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) camp in the Somali town of Belles Qocani guarded by a squad of civilian fighters.
Instead of being alarmed by the gunmen in solid green fatigues armed with rocket-propelled grenade launchers, the Kenyan soldiers were happy.
The bearded man, Sheikh Ahmed Mohamed Islam, popularly referred to as Sheikh Ahmed Madobe, is the leader of the Ras Kamboni Brigade, a paramilitary group that is the predecessor of the Ras Kamboni Movement.
“Ours is a political party,” he said when we asked him whether he considered himself a warlord. The Ras Kamboni Movement is named after the coastal Somali town on the Kenyan border, and the members of the Ogaden clan, which is the most populous in southern Somalia, form the bulk of the Ras Kamboni Brigade.
“I got the nickname Madobe from our family because I am the blackest,” he said. Sheikh Madobe has risen from nothing to become a key player in the war against the Al-Shabaab.
“He is a key asset in the war against Al-Shabaab as we seek to protect Kenya’s sovereignty and ensure that our citizens are not threatened by this terror organisation,” Lieutenant-Colonel Jeff Nyaga, a KDF commander whose men captured Afmadow and is expected to lead the final assault on Kismayu, told Kenya's Daily Nation newspaper.
After the fall of Afmadow, Sheikh Madobe was instrumental in the appointment of a new District Commissioner for Afmadow district.
Stocky and seemingly implacable, the Somali warlord who is backed by Kenya against the Al-Shabaab, is credited with restoring some sort of stability in various towns in southern Somalia.
'I have tasted defeat'
Without an effective police force and a weak national military, KDF expects the warlord born in 1963 to play a big role in the pacification of liberated towns.
Sheikh Madobe has turned his guns on his former ally, the Al-Qaeda linked Somali Islamist group Al-Shabaab and fights alongside the (KDF) and the Somali National Army (SNA).
He was the governor of Kismayu from 2006 until the Ethiopian National Defence Forces overthrew the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), and was almost killed during the battle for Kismayu.
But the worst of all battles for the man who has been fighting for the larger part of his life was on January 22, 2002 when Americans bombed the Kolbiyo district in Kismayu.
“Never have I come so close to death than on that day. We were eight people and I am the only one who survived. That attack remains the worst in my life,” he recalled.
He was wounded by shrapnel but was spirited away to Ethiopia where he spent almost two years in prison or under house arrest.
In January 2009, he was elected as MP but he resigned from his position three months later, becoming the first lawmaker to resign from Somalia’s expanded parliament since former ICU chief Sheikh Sharif Ahmed was elected as President.
At that time, Somalia’s Radio Garowe reported Sheikh Madobe as saying that he had joined the 550-member parliament so as to be released from bondage in Ethiopia.
Sheikh Madobe is keen on seeing Al-Shabaab, which he helped found, chased away from Kismayu, the capital of Lower Juba region, and crushed altogether.
“I have tasted defeat in Kismayu. I will not allow that to happen again,” he says.
The defeat he is talking about happened in the hands of one of his fellow lieutenants. Fighting had broken up between the Hizbul Islam faction to which he belonged and Al-Shabaab over the control of Kismayu. Over 40 people were killed.
In the ensuing fight, the Ras Kamboni brigade split into two: one led by Madobe fighting Al-Shabaab and another one led by Hassan “Turki” aligned with Al-Shabaab.
The fighting stopped in November 2009 when Madobe’s forces lost Kismayu and were forced to withdraw from the port city and most of southern Somalia.
Three months later Turki merged with Al-Shabaab. Towards the end of 2010, Hizbul Islam also joined forces with Al-Shabaab.
Other influential community leaders fighting against Al-Shabaab in Southern Somalia include Prof Abdi "Gandhi", a geologist of French and Somali nationality, who is said not to see eye-to-eye with Sheikh Madobe, and Barre Hirale.
Prof Gandhi is also a former Defence minister who used to work as a consultant for the French oil giant Total.
In a previous meeting held in a hotel in Naivasha, Prof Gandhi was declared president of the fledging breakaway semi-autonomous southern Somalia region known as Azania, whose independence Kenya is said not to mind as a buffer state between it and the rest of Somalia.
But unlike Sheikh Madobe, Prof Gandhi is accused of not being all-inclusive, especially in a country where consideration for every clan interest is important.
Sheikh Madobe unlike Gandhi also prefers a united Somalia.
Despite his efforts, some residents in various towns in Somali voice serious concerns about the disproportionate and indiscriminate use of force by Sheikh Madobe’s men.
Some feel that he is more interested in instigating unnecessary wars that he then uses as his bargaining chip, allegations that offer an uncomfortable glimpse of the clandestine war that Somali warlords are waging against Al-Shabaab and the lack of accountability they enjoy.
But Madobe insists that in the shadowy war being waged in Somalia, where you cannot easily identify who is attacking you and when, that means it is certainly no place for armchair morality.
One of the reasons why many feel that Sheikh Madobe will never take his eyes off this region includes rumours that the sea off its coast, and parts of the inland, are rich in oil.
The area also has a lot of agricultural potential and is rich in fisheries. Coincidentally, Sheikh Madobe told the Daily Nation that he is a professional fisherman.
Kismayu port raises hundreds of millions of shillings monthly, and Ethiopia is uneasy with the progress being made by the Ras Kamboni Brigade in case Sheikh Madobe uses its resources to support secession by Ethiopia’s Ogaden Somalis.
Such a prospect cannot be taken lightly, especially in a region where some people have been calling for a semi-autonomous government that comprises Gedo, Lower Juba and Middle Juba.
Already, there are breakaway regions like Puntland and Somaliland, and other states are pushing for federalism. Asked about these concerns, Sheikh Madobe says: “I am here for peace, nothing else.”
Political calculations, such as the desire to bring a speedy end to wars, make warlords like Madobe instrumental in heralding a new Somalia.
“It’s still important to note that we will have to disarm warlords for the sake of long-term peace,” Wafula Wamunyinyi, the Deputy African Union Commissioner to Somalia, said during an interview in Mogadishu.
But the challenge of disarming warlords in places like Mogadishu became evident a few years ago when a resemblance of a central government started taking shape.
“Some gave up arms but they were still left with their own militia, capable of disrupting any peaceful government operations,” said Osman Abdi, a Mogadishu politician.
It’s even alleged that the Somali Transitional Government’s minister for Defence has his own militia to protect him. Sheikh Madobe insists that his dream is to see a peaceful Somalia, achieved through any means possible.
“We are a political party and we have made tremendous progress away from being termed as a militia,” he said.
His group has a strong relationship with Kenya, which guarded him in a safe house for about a year when Al-Shabaab put a bounty on his head.
His family lives in Somalia and Nairobi where it’s alleged to be under the protection of the Kenyan military.
On the battlefield, his grasp of military tactics and his ability to laugh warmly and speak about war as if it’s nothing, has become a source of morale and inspiration for Kenyan soldiers.
“You look at him and you get the feeling that you need to keep on fighting. He is such an inspiration,” said a Kenyan soldier when Sheikh Madobe visited the KDF Camp.
In the recent capture of Xayo and Afmadow towns, despite being a high value target for Al-Shabaab, Sheikh Madobe left the security and comfort of an armoured personnel carrier to march with the troops under the scorching sun when entering the towns.
He is no less a hero in Somalia. A Che Guevara-type figure, Madobe’s image can be found plastered on shop windows.
- ICC to 'explore other options' if Kenya fails to cooperate
- The girl who met Gaddafi 'in hell'
- Ethiopian journalist questioned over Zenawi widow story
- Four Nigerians among 5 shortlisted for African writing prize
- AU won’t recognise Madagascar poll win by Rajoelina
- Somali PM disowns Jubaland 'presidents'
- Kenyan nominated to head UN trade agency
- Liberia media to maintain 'blackout' on president
- After Berlin Man, two reported cured of HIV in Kenya
Beyond the ballot | <urn:uuid:431ab7d7-2cc1-4c7d-9d11-d7bbffb8d653> | 2013-05-18T17:56:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Neolithic Man: The First Lumberjack? Thursday, August 9, 2012
Transition from hunting to agricultural society parallels development of woodworking tools, TAU research reveals
A polished axe from the PPNB period.
During the Neolithic Age (approximately 10000–6000 BCE), early man evolved from hunter-gatherer to farmer and agriculturalist, living in larger, permanent settlements with a variety of domesticated animals and plant life. This transition brought about significant changes in terms of the economy, architecture, man's relationship to the environment, and more.
Now Dr. Ran Barkai of Tel Aviv University's Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations has shed new light on this milestone in human evolution, demonstrating a direct connection between the development of an agricultural society and the development of woodworking tools.
"Intensive woodworking and tree-felling was a phenomenon that only appeared with the onset of the major changes in human life, including the transition to agriculture and permanent villages," says Dr. Barkai, whose research was published in the journal PLoS One. Prior to the Neolithic period, there is no evidence of tools that were powerful enough to cut and carve wood, let alone fell trees. But new archaeological evidence suggests that as the Neolithic age progressed, sophisticated carpentry developed alongside agriculture.
Evolution of axes
The use of functional tools in relation to woodworking over the course of the Neolithic period has not been studied in detail until now. Through their work at the archaeological site of Motza, a neighbourhood in the Judean Hills, Dr. Barkai and his fellow researchers, Prof. Rick Yerkes of Ohio State University and Dr. Hamudi Khalaily of the Israel Antiquity Authority, have unearthed evidence that increasing sophistication in terms of carpentry tools corresponds with increased agriculture and permanent settlements.
The early part of the Neolithic age is divided into two distinct eras — Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB). Agriculture and domesticated plants and animals appear only in PPNB, so the transition between these two periods is a watershed moment in human history. And these changes can be tracked in the woodworking tools which belong to each period, says Dr. Barkai.
Within PPNA, humans remained gatherers but lived in more permanent settlements for the first time, he says. Axes associated with this period are small and delicate, used for light carpentry but not suited for felling trees or other massive woodworking tasks. In PPNB, the tools have evolved to much larger and heavier axes, formed by a technique called polishing. The researchers' in-depth analysis of these tools shows that they were used to cut down trees and complete various building projects.
"We can document step by step the transition from the absence of woodworking tools, to delicate woodworking tools, to heavier woodworking tools," Dr. Barkai says, and this follows the "actual transition from the hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture." He also identifies a trial-and-error phase during which humans tried to create an axe strong enough to undertake larger woodworking tasks. Eventually, they succeeded in creating a massive ground stone axe in PPNB.
Whether the transition to an agricultural society led to the development of major carpentry tools or vice versa remains to be determined, says Dr. Barkai, who characterizes it as a "circular argument." Whatever the answer, the parallel changes led to a revolution in lifestyle.
Beyond the change from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural economy, a new form of architecture also emerged. Not only did people begin to live in permanent villages, but the buildings in which they lived literally took a different shape. The round and oval structures of earlier domiciles were replaced by rectangular structures in PPNB, explains Dr. Barkai. "Evidence tells that us that for each home, approximately 10 wooden beams were needed. Prior to this, there were no homes with wooden beams." In addition, humans began to produce limestone-based plaster floors for their homes — which also represented a growing use of wood, since plaster is manufactured by heating limestone.
These architectural developments, along with building pens and fences for domesticated animals, also necessitated the felling of trees in large quantities.
For more archaeology news from Tel Aviv University, click here. | <urn:uuid:737200a7-3cd0-4c14-b130-46baeda4cac8> | 2013-05-18T17:18:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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If you're only interested in how Aikido is evolving martially, then you cannot speak of how it evolves as an art. What you speak of is expanding the art laterally and not vertically. Adding more waza, swordwork, competition, etc, expands the Aikido to encompass more, but it does little to bring it to new heights. Sometimes, I think when you go to far laterally, then you create a new art. I think of Yoseikan being one example, in my opinion. Is Aikido an evolution of Daito-ryu, or a new art created from it? Furthermore, the founders of Aikido and Judo seemed to want to "trim the fat"; that is they cut out techniques, leaving what they thought was the only the most efficient. I think what people like Roy Dean seem to be doing, is the opposite; going backwards. In Aikido, for many, seems to be going backward. Instead of going after what Ueshiba was going after, many focus instead on trying to do what he and his students did, or adding what they the was a mistake for him to leave out (kicks, punches, grappling, swordwork, etc.).
I view Aikido as an evolution of Budo, not the opposite. Aikido does what the original concepts of Budo meant to do - stop the spears, stop the conflict with as little violence as possible. So, in that sense, it is obvious that in order to look at the evolution of Aikido, one must look where it has come from, consider all the aspects; the spiritual, moral, intellectual, and physical, and most importantly, where it is going. | <urn:uuid:ac5482c5-9a73-4985-b6b7-05ea9967d228> | 2013-05-18T17:19:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Samuel A. Goudsmit Papers, 1921-1979
Series VII. Brookhaven and Other Positions
This series contains information about some of Goudsmit's nonacademic jobs and consultantships. There are four folders on the Brookhaven National Laboratory, four on other jobs including work with the Navy, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Atomic Energy Commission, and one folder on job offers he declined. | <urn:uuid:81ae72d5-9d31-4fa6-8ae1-f680c2a47dba> | 2013-05-18T17:19:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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We want to help young people understand energy, how it's produced, how it gets to us and how to use it wisely. That's why we've developed this section, which provides information, resources and opportunities for pupils and teachers.
If you can't see the Flash game above then you may need to download Adobe Flash Player. To do this, please visit the Adobe website.
You can also download and print out PDFs of the Flash game.
Most computers will open PDF files automatically. If not, you may need to download Adobe Reader. To do this, please visit the Adobe website. | <urn:uuid:fd6a0c7d-b2cd-478a-aba1-5936bbc5eb05> | 2013-05-18T17:37:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The New Mexico Museum of Space History will get a $300,000 grant from the city to upgrade its aging IMAX theater equipment.
However, the funding is contingent upon a $300,000 matching grant from the state, according to a press release issued by the museum.
District 4 Commissioner Josh Rardin voted against the measure Tuesday and said he didn't like the idea of the city providing funding to a state-run agency.
The museum falls under the state cultural affairs department and Rardin said the money the city might donate is from a loan the city has taken out from the state of New Mexico.
"The money we were using is money we went to the state and borrowed," Rardin said. "It's loan proceeds and the taxpayers of Alamogordo are paying interest on the money we just donated to the state of New Mexico. That's why I had such a huge issue with it. My feeling is let the state pay for their own building."
According to city records, the potential cash infusion would come out of the 2004 Quality of Life Bond refinancing.
Rardin said he thought the move by the city would be the first time a municipality had funded a state-run outfit.
"I feel it would be the first time in state history," Rardin said.
The upgrade is needed to replace projection equipment that has been in place since the theater was built in 1983. Without the upgrade, the theater would become obsolete within the next few years as large format film producers switch completely to digital, according to the
City records show that the upgrades to the building are expected to increase the number of visitors to the theater and museum, the end result being increased tourism dollars coming into Alamogordo.
Documents show that visitors to the museum have declined sharply in the last two decades. In 1991 and 1992, the museum averaged 200,000 vistors. Last year, there were only about 75,000.
Contact John Bear at firstname.lastname@example.org. Follow him on Twitter @johnbearwithme | <urn:uuid:3e27a0db-c802-4a8f-acab-8bc20d17b186> | 2013-05-18T17:27:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Iran has passed a bill which entitles women victims of road accidents to receive the same amount of "blood money" as men, the judiciary spokesman said on Tuesday.
"A bill on obligatory vehicle insurance has been passed to pay equal blood money and compensation to men and women, Muslim or non-Muslim," Alireza Jamshidi told reporters.
Under Islamic law in force in Iran, anybody who kills another person has to pay compensation -- known as blood money or "diyeh" -- to the victim's family.
But so far the blood money paid for a woman has been half that for a man.
Officials said the bill was proposed by the judiciary and then passed by the economic commission of the Iranian parliament, which has the power to pass bills on its own in exceptional cases.
The bill still has to be approved by the Guardian Council, a conservative clerical watchdog which vets all legislation before it can become law.
Jamshidi explained that the new bill "does not contradict the Sharia (Islamic law) because the insurance policy is based on a contract, where men and women pay equal premiums so they have to be compensated the same."
Iran's recognized religious minorities -- Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians -- were awarded equal blood money status in 2003.
Under Iranian law, a woman's inheritance and legal testimony are still worth half a man's. Rights groups have also been advocating equal rights in divorce and child custody.
The blood money rate, which is calculated annually in Iran, has been set at 550 million rials (about 59,000 dollars) for the current year from March 2008.
Convicted murderers can avoid being hanged by paying blood money to the victim's relatives. | <urn:uuid:6d415203-bc5b-4b2c-99cf-fb52c8578631> | 2013-05-18T17:37:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Angelina Jolie Becomes UN Goodwill Ambassador
US actress Angelina Jolie was on Monday officially appointed a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
The 26-year-old actress, best known for her portrayal of the super-heroine Lara Croft, formally received her UNHCR blue passport at a short ceremony presided over by High Commissioner Ruud Lubbers.
The actress has just returned from Pakistan where she visited several camps for Afghan refugees in the Peshwar district. She earlier visited Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Cambodia.
"Pakistan is the worst situation ... and it seems to be worsening. They're living in situations that I don't think anybody in this room could survive in for a few days. I admire them and I'm very worried for them. It's overwhelming," she told a press conference.
Lubbers paid tribute to the actress for her "compassion, understanding, her respect for refugees and her personal generosity."
Referring to her as "my new goodwill ambassador," he told the press conference: "We really need her to convince the young generation that something has to be done. It's terribly important for my refugees."
Angelina Jolie takes over from American singer Barbara Hendricks -- (AFP)
© 2001 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com) | <urn:uuid:7554fc4c-a31c-491c-8245-55031b9b2868> | 2013-05-18T17:21:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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December 19, 2011
Last Friday, the UN Security Council voted to remove sanctions it imposed against the Libyan Central Bank
December 13, 2011
The relationship of Arab and Persian can be summarized as one of antagonistic alternating bouts of best of friends with worst of neighbors!
November 29, 2011
Libyan sources conveyed in recent days that 600 rebel fighters have already gone from Libya to Syria in order to support the Syrian opposition.
Aisha, the daughter of late Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, has urged the Libyan people to revenge for her "martyr father".
November 21, 2011
This is the end of Gaddafi dynasty's reign of oppression since the other troupe of the clan were not politically inclined. Aisha Gaddafi represents no threat-- unless she strips off to match Egypt's post revolution antics.
November 20, 2011
A rebel in Libya said his colleagues cut off three fingers of the right hand of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, following a threat he maded against them with his finger during a TV speech.
November 19, 2011
Moammar Gaddafi's son Seif al-Islam was captured in a southern Libyan city
October 31, 2011
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi has completely dismissed the recent news about his intention to surrender to the International Criminal Court in The Hague.
Libya’s interim prime minister on Sunday confirmed the presence of chemical and nuclear weapons.
October 27, 2011
A source in the National Transitional Council on Thursday said that Saif al-Islam, the fugitive son of slain Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi wants a plane
Egypt’s Central Bank (CBE) declined a request from the Libyan National Transitional Council (NTC) to print Libyan dinars during the early months of the revolt.
October 25, 2011
Official from the Libyan Transitional National Council said that the body of ousted Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi would be buried today (Tuesday)
October 24, 2011
According to report published Monday in a Sudanese newspaper, Saif al-Islam, son of slain Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, is currently in Sudan
Free and new Libya last night ushered in a new era of post-Gaddafi political and social life. In a series of celebratory speeches in which new leaders declared liberation for Libya, any regret by Mahmoud Jibril for the brutal death of their cruel lingering tyrant, was muted by jubiliation and optimism for a new Islamic path that included a lift on the polygamy ban and a return to Islamic banking.
October 23, 2011
Libya's transitional leader on Sunday declared liberation of the country, three days after the death of its leader, Muammar Qaddafi. | <urn:uuid:5df37f5a-39a0-4975-85e1-cf2688f152e3> | 2013-05-18T17:19:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Israeli fire kills 12 Palestinians in 24 hours
At least six Palestinians were killed Tuesday by Israeli fire. In the first incident, Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian fighter in an operation in the West Bank city of Nablus before dawn Tuesday, the Israeli army and Palestinian doctors said. The Israeli troops operating in the Al-Ein refugee camp spotted a Palestinian who fired at them before they returned fire and hit him, the army said.
The victim was identified as 38-year-old Nasser Mabrouk, a member of an offshoot of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Palestinians also threw grenades at the soldiers, the Israeli army said, according to the AP. Occupation forces also operated in the Al-Askar refugee camp, the army said.
In the afternoon, an Israeli missile strike killed three Palestinians in the southern Gaza Strip near the border fence with Israel, medical workers and locals said.
An Israeli army spokesman said Tuesday's attack was carried out against "militants" seen operating near the border fence. Residents initially reported a missile hitting a car, but witnesses later said the gunmen were on foot.
Palestinian ambulance crews collected three bodies at the scene, and witnesses said the men were in military-style clothing, Reuters reported.
Later in the day, two Palestinian boys were killed by an Israeli missile in the northern Gaza Strip, a Palestinian ministry of health official said. According to Reuters, the official said one of the boys was 11 years old. Three other boys were wounded, the official said.
On Monday, six Hamas members were killed and one other was wounded in an Israeli strike on a car traveling in the central Gaza Strip. On its part, Hamas' militay wing, the Qassam Brigades, condemned the attack, called it a massacre and threatened retaliation.
- Gaza Strip: Israeli fire kills four Palestinians
- Gaza Strip: Senior Hamas figure, four other Palestinians dead; Blast kills Israeli soldier
- Gaza Strip: At least one Palestinian killed by Israeli fire
- Three Palestinians killed in Israeli strike
- Gaza Strip: Four Hamas members, three Israeli soldiers killed | <urn:uuid:7a2b481b-e039-4f0f-b686-38c95e48b46f> | 2013-05-18T17:30:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Simply look for the Free Shipping truck next to
an item. The truck indicates an item is in the
Alibris warehouse and ready to ship. Select at
least $49 worth of items displaying a truck and
get free shipping to any US address.
The ISBN system was devised beginning in 1967, and books published prior to then don't have "editions" associated with them. It's very similar with movie, music and video game UPCs. It's also possible that a seller listed an item with us and didn't include an ISBN/UPC with the listing. You'll find items like this by clicking this link.
Orson Welles first feature film -- which he directed, produced, and co-wrote, as well as playing the title role -- proved to be his most important ...Show synopsisOrson Welles first feature film -- which he directed, produced, and co-wrote, as well as playing the title role -- proved to be his most important and influential work, a ground-breaking drama loosely based on the life of William Randolph Hearst which is frequently cited as the finest American film ever made. Aging newspaper magnate Charles Foster Kane (Orson Welles) dies in his sprawling Florida estate after uttering a single, enigmatic final word -- "Rosebud" -- and newsreel producer Rawlston (Phil Van Zandt) sends reporter Jerry Thompson (William Alland) out with the assignment of uncovering the meaning behind the great man's dying thought. As Thompson interviews Kane's friends, family, and associates, we learn the facts of Kane's eventful and ultimately tragic life: his abandonment by his parents (Agnes Moorehead and Harry Shannon) after he becomes the heir to a silver mine; his angry conflicts with his guardian, master financier Walter Parks Thatcher (George Coulouris); his impulsive decision that "it would be fun to run a newspaper" with the help of school chum Jedediah Leland (Joseph Cotten) and loyal assistant Mr. Bernstein (Everett Sloane); his rise from scandal sheet publisher to the owner of America's largest and most influential newspaper chain; his marriage to socially prominent Emily Norton (Ruth Warrick), whose uncle is the President of the United States; Kane's ambitious bid for public office, which is dashed along with his marriage when his opponent, corrupt political boss Jim Gettys (Ray Collins), reveals that Kane is having an affair with aspiring vocalist Susan Alexander (Dorothy Comingore); Kane's vain attempts to promote second wife Alexander as an opera star; and his final, self-imposed exile to a massive and never-completed pleasure palace called Xanadu. While Citizen Kane was a film full of distinguished debuts -- along with Welles, it was the first feature for Joseph Cotten, Everett Sloane, Ray Collins, Agnes Moorehead, and Ruth Warrick -- the only Academy Award it received was for Best Original Screenplay, for which Welles shared credit with veteran screenwriter Herman Mankiewicz. ~ Mark Deming, RoviHide synopsis | <urn:uuid:6c3f67f9-1626-492b-bc78-83ef4fdf4ede> | 2013-05-18T17:56:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary
Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary is widely recognized as the definitive dictionary of psychiatry--up-to-date, comprehensive, and authoritative. ... Show synopsis Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary is widely recognized as the definitive dictionary of psychiatry--up-to-date, comprehensive, and authoritative. Distinguished by its clarity and scholarship, it is unique among dictionaries in providing nearly encyclopedic discussions of many of the most important entries. The Ninth Edition is nearly double the size of the previous edition and has been updated, revised, and vastly expanded to cover the explosion of new words and terms in psychiatry (including terms reflective of the debate now informing the development of the DSM-V ), neuroscience, cognitive and clinical psychology, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as relevant terms and concepts from a wide range of related fields, including genetics, imaging, general medicine, forensic psychiatry, and sociology. It also covers the full range of treatments, including psychopharmacologic agents, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, and other brief therapies. The entries are clearly written, so that they can be understood by non-psychiatrists (including general readers), and they feature cross-references, so that readers can easily locate all the relevant information on a topic. Campbell's is written for the working library of a broad and diverse readership of specialists and non-specialists that includes psychiatrists, residents, neurologists, psychologists, nurses, social workers, counselors, lawyers, claims reviewers, and lay readers with an interest in mental health issues. | <urn:uuid:74c53d5f-632e-4f2c-b287-794150e33e0b> | 2013-05-18T18:07:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A Muslim imam and his assistant have been extradited to the United States after being arrested in Germany on suspicion of having links with al-Qaida.
German prosecuters said Muhammad Ali Hasan Shaikh al-Muayad, imam of the main mosque in the Yemeni capital Sanaa, and Yahya Zayid were handed over to US authorities at Frankfurt airport on Sunday.
The pair were then flown to New York, they said.
Germany's highest court ruled on Thursday that their extradition could go ahead despite their entrapment in what was effectively a sting operation.
Muayad is suspected of being a finance chief for Usama bin Ladin's al-Qaida and Palestinian Islamic group Hamas, supplying both with weapons and communications equipment.
USS Cole attack
He also had been linked to the October 2000 attack on the USS Cole in Yemen which killed 17 crew and injured 38.
The men were arrested at Frankfurt airport in January.
They were said to have been enticed there by a Muslim working for the US Central Intelligence Agency who had studied at the same Quran school as Bin Ladin and Muayad.
It was that connection which allegedly persuaded Muayad to agree to take up to $25 million from an undercover agent to finance "terrorist" attacks.
Yemen is the ancestral home of
Usama bin Ladin
However, in an interview with a Yemeni newspaper, Muayad said he had been lured to Germany by a compatriot who wanted to invest in one of his charity projects in Yemen.
The authorities in Yemen repeatedly demanded that he should be given to them, but Berlin refused because it said it had no extradition treaty with Sanaa.
In its ruling, the constitutional court said the US had assured it that Muayad would not be brought before a military tribunal or put in a camp such as Guantanamo Bay and was likely to be given a fair trial.
Germany is bound by its constitution not to extradite people to countries where they could face the death penalty.
Muayad's lawyer said he would appeal the ruling to the International Court of Justice in the Hague if necessary.
Meanwhile, the Yemeni president has either freed or pardoned 146 men suspected of links with al-Qaida.
The official SABA news agency reported on Monday that Yemeni President Ali Abd Allah Salih had either freed or pardoned a total of 146 people suspected of links with al-Qaida, which carried out the 11 September 2001 attacks.
The official SABA news agency said on Monday that President Salih ordered the release of 92 Islamists after they swore not to attack non-Muslims or foreign embassies in Sanaa.
And a further 54 al-Qaida suspects who surrendered to the authorities had been pardoned by the president, SABA added.
"The security authorities will start from today to release 92 people accused of links to al-Qaida under orders from the president to free them in light of the results of a dialogue through the committee of ulemas or Islamic scholars," judge Hammud al-Hatar said.
Among the 54 who gave themselves up was Khalid Abd al-Nabi, an Islamist leader who heads the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army and the Islamic Jihad group.
Abd al-Nabi recently hosted a dinner for security chiefs who had cracked down on his gunmen in Abyan province in June.
The Yemeni interior ministry announced in June that security forces had killed six "extremists" and arrested 11 others in Jabal Hatat, 120km northwest of Aden.
Yemen was pressed to pursue
al-Qaida suspects after 9/11
A police official said Abd al-Nabi, 35, was one of the six killed.
But authorities said last month that the charred body turned out to be that of a Saudi and that Abd al-Nabi had surrendered.
Hatar, who heads the committee of ulemas set up a year ago to dialogue with opposition Islamists, said the releases and pardons "crown the policy of the president to settle ideological problems through dialogue".
Yemen, the ancestral homeland of Usama bin Ladin, has been under pressure from Washington since the September 11 attacks to crack down on presumed al-Qaida activists.
In a September 2003 report, rights group Amnesty International called on Yemen and the US to stop committing human rights violations in the name of security and "fighting terrorism".
Amnesty said security forces in Yemen embarked on mass arbitrary arrests, detentions and deportations of foreign nationals in the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks.
The arrests were carried out without judicial supervision and those detained were invariably subjected to lengthy incommunicado detention and interrogation.
During the interrogations some claimed they were tortured or ill-treated. | <urn:uuid:1bab5be6-40c1-4620-a009-743feaf9a904> | 2013-05-18T17:49:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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© 2010 Gary L. Francione, The Abolitionist Approach
There is a great deal of discussion about what “vegan” means.
“Veganism” means at the very least not eating any flesh, dairy, or other animal products. In this sense, “vegan” means “vegan diet.” Donald Watson, who originally coined the term “vegan” used the word in this way when he made statements such as: “Wherever Man lives, he can have a vegan diet.”
Different people may have different reasons–ethical/spiritual, health, environmental–for eating a vegan diet. Those who pursue a vegan diet may also, and for various reasons, eschew the use of other animal products in contexts beyond diet. For example, someone who pursues a vegan diet may also not wear animal products on her skin for health reasons–products applied to the skin get into the body. Someone who pursues a vegan diet for environmental reasons may also not wear a particular animal product because of the effect on the environment of the production of the product.
Those who adopt a vegan diet for ethical/spiritual reasons may also fall into different groups. Some see their vegan diet as a way of reducing animal suffering. That is, they do not think that it is wrong in and of itself to kill animals for human use but that it is wrong to inflict suffering on animals and so they avoid eating or using animal products. If there were a painless way to raise and slaughter animals for human use, these ethical vegans would not object to animal use. These people are not necessarily–and usually are not–committed to the abolition of animal exploitation and pursue regulatory reform that they believe, mistakenly in my view, will reduce animal suffering.
“Ethical veganism,” which I use interchangeably with “abolitionist veganism,” goes beyond a vegan diet and rejects direct animal consumption or use of any kind. An ethical vegan has a vegan diet and rejects consuming animal products but also does not wear or use any animal products. An ethical vegan rejects the commodification of nonhumans as property. An ethical vegan is committed to the abolition of animal exploitation. Moreover, ethical vegans recognize that an animal-based agriculture harms other humans as well as non-humans and sees the connection between human rights and animal rights. Ethical veganism is the moral baseline of the animal rights movement. Ethical veganism represents a commitment to non-violence in one’s daily living.
In my experience, ethical veganism is the only sort of approach that results in consistent behavior. Vegans for health reasons alone often “cheat” just as those who are on any diet for heath reasons often do. Vegans for environmental reasons may not only lapse but may decide that an animal product has fewer adverse environmental consequences than non-animal products. Someone who sees veganism only as a way of reducing animal suffering may eat or use an animal product if she thinks that more suffering will be caused if she does not. For example, some, such as Peter Singer and others, maintain that we ought to eat animal products if our not doing so will cause others to think that veganism is too difficult and thereby be dissuaded from thinking about veganism. These vegans then become “flexible” vegans which, in my view, means that they are not really vegans. An ethical vegan sees veganism as a general approach to life–a philosophy of living–and not as merely a matter of lifestyle.
A final (for now) comment: health and environmental concerns may have a moral aspect. For example, those who pursue a vegan diet may do so because they believe that inflicting physical damage on their bodies by consuming animal products is a form of violence (harm to the self) and is immoral. Those who pursue a vegan diet or who eschew the use of animal products for environmental reasons may do so not because of a utilitarian concern to preserve the environment but because they believe that the environmental consequences directly affect humans and nonhumans and violate the rights of these sentient beings. An ethical or abolitionist vegan, who sees any consumption or use of animal products as violative of animal rights, may also shun animal products for reasons of health and environment.
In sum, people may be vegans for different reasons. In my view, ethical or abolitionist veganism is the only approach that results in consistent behavior. We should, however, be clear that no form of veganism is consistent with eating any animal products. That is, following a “vegan diet” is the minimal meaning of “vegan.” In my view, a “vegan” is someone who does not eat, use, or wear any animal products. But it is also accurate to say that a person who eats no animal products follows a “vegan diet.” The absence of animal products is explicitly being limited to diet. As a said above, I do not regard “flexible” vegans as vegans and, by definition, they do not even follow a vegan diet.
I will be writing at greater length about this topic soon.
If you are not vegan, go vegan. It is incredibly easy to be vegan. It is better for your health and for the planet. But, most importantly, it is the morally right thing to do. | <urn:uuid:5f42560d-3be4-48fc-b4aa-c20c293d6e9d> | 2013-05-18T17:28:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Beacon Square, Florida
Beacon Square is located at 28°12'44" North, 82°44'56" West (28.212314, -82.748768).
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 7,263 people, 3,509 households, and 2,084 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 1,402.1/km² (3,633.4/mi²). There are 4,119 housing units at an average density of 795.2/km² (2,060.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP is 95.32% White, 1.03% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 1.09% from other races, and 1.40% from two or more races. 3.84% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 3,509 households out of which 17.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% are married couples living together, 9.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% are non-families. 34.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 23.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.07 and the average family size is 2.61.
In the CDP the population is spread out with 16.4% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 35.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 51 years. For every 100 females there are 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 80.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP is $27,528, and the median income for a family is $33,125. Males have a median income of $27,220 versus $21,792 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $16,913. 9.5% of the population and 8.1% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 18.6% of those under the age of 18 and 8.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details | <urn:uuid:a6eb1799-5cfd-4187-89fa-3f3429abb2b9> | 2013-05-18T17:38:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Izieu was the site of a Jewish orphanage during the Second World War. On April 6, 1944, three vehicles pulled up in front of the orphanage. The Gestapo, led by the 'Butcher of Lyon' Klaus Barbie, entered the orphanage and forcibly removed the forty-four children and their seven supervisors, throwing the crying and terrified children on to the trucks.
As a witness later recalled: 'I was on my way down the stairs when my sister shouted to me: It's the Germans, save yourself! I jumped out the window. I hid myself in a bush in the garden. I heard the cries of the children that were being kidnapped and I heard the shouts of the nazis who were carrying them away.'
Following the raid on their home in Izieu, the children were shipped directly to the "collection center" in Drancy, then put on the first available train towards the concentration camps in the East.
Forty-two children and five adults were gassed in the concentration camp of Auschwitz. Two of the oldest children and Miron Zlatin , the superintendent, ended up in Tallinn a city in Estonia and were killed by a firing squad.
One survivor of Auschwitz revealed during Klaus Barbie's trial what happened to the children: 'I asked myself where were the children who arrived with us? In the camp there wasn't a single child to be seen. Then those who had been there for a while informed us of the reality. 'You see that chimney, the one smoke never stops coming out of . .. you smell that odor of burned flesh ... ?'
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details | <urn:uuid:8d530472-b55a-4c25-8ecc-febc4650ec09> | 2013-05-18T18:06:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Red Tory is a nickname given to a political tradition in Canada's conservative political parties. Red Tories were traditionally to the left of the rest of the party. Originally it referred to the branch of the Tory party that was committed to the welfare state. Modern Red Tories, however, define themselves as "fiscally conservative and socially progressive". The term Blue Tory has been coined to describe more right wing Canadian conservatives.
The notion of Red Toryism was developed by George Grant in the 1950s and 1960s who argued that Canadian conservatism was strongly influenced by ideals such as collectivism and community responsibility. These Tories rejected liberal values such as individualism. Red Tories were thus socially conservative supporting traditional institutions like religion and the monarchy but fiscally liberal with a strong belief in the welfare state. Grant traced Red Toryism to the beginning of Canadian history. The collective nation building policies of Sir John A. Macdonald are seen as the foundation of the Red Tory tradition.
The origin of the adjective "red" is not known. The reference may be to progressive aspects of Red Tory principles, since parties of the left have traditionally used the colour red. It may have been a reference to the British roots of the Tory old guard. Others think it comes from the Liberal Party of Canada. The Liberals often used red as their colour, while the Conservatives used blue.
Grant and Gad Horowitz contrasted Canada with the United States which was lacking this collectivist tradition. Horowitz argued that Canada's strong socialist movement grew from Red Toryism, and that this explains why socialism has never had much success in the United States. In some ways, Red Tories were thus closer to the NDP than to the Liberals.
The Red Tories historically served as the most powerful faction within the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, and most of its leaders have been labeled Red Tories. These include Sir John A. Macdonald, John George Diefenbaker, and Robert Stanfield.
The heartland of Red Toryism was the Maritimes and Ontario and Red Tories dominated the provincial politics of these regions. The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party has held power in that province for most of the time since Confederation. The Ontario PCs were often labelled Red Tory, for example under the leadership of William Davis from 1971 to 1985. Under Davis, the Tories often ran to the left of the Ontario Liberal Party. Some political commentators have suggested that the new leader of the Ontario Progressive Conservatives, John Tory, is in the mould of the Bill Davis Red Tory tradition.
Throughout the Maritimes, Red Tories are the dominant force in the Conservative Party. This tends to explain why Canadian provinces are often ruled at the provincial level by a party that may be Conservative yet at the same time elect Liberal Members of Parliament to the Canadian House of Commons. Outsiders may not understand the large amount of ideological common ground shared by the two nominally different parties.
The dominance of Red Toryism can be seen as a part of the international Post-War Consensus that saw the welfare state embraced by the major parties of most of the western world. With the end of the consensus globally in the 1980s Canadian conservatism also split. Red Toryism never held much sway in Western Canada where small-government and socially conservatism has been dominant. The growing population and power of the west also played an important role in this transformation. Eventually the explicitly anti-Red Tory Reform Party arose in the west and soon was larger than the Progressive Conservatives.
Throughout the federal PC Party's decline, Red Tories were generally seen as the most vocal opponents of the Unite the Right initiative, which proposed merging or co-operating with the competing Reform Party of Canada (later the Canadian Alliance). Red Tories considered the Canadian Alliance to be too radically conservative.
In recent years, "Red Tories" clashed with neoconservatives within the Progressive Conservative Party. Joe Clark's leadership was challenged by more conservative Blue Tory PC Party members who endorsed Brian Mulroney. At the provincial level, Albertan Red Tory supporters of Peter Lougheed were marginalized following Ralph Klein's assumption of power. As right-wing support for the Progressive Conservatives bled away to the Reform Party and then the Canadian Alliance, Red Tories increasingly gained control of the federal party. The controversial election of leader Peter MacKay, however, paved the way for merger with the Canadian Alliance.
When the PCs did ultimately merge in late 2003 with the Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party of Canada, many Red Tories expressed the view that they were "now without a political home." Notable Red Tories such as Scott Brison, John Herron and Keith Martin (who, although ideologically a Red Tory, was actually a Canadian Alliance MP) defected to the Liberal Party of Canada. Some Red Tories joined the new Conservative Party. Some prominent Red Tories, including Joe Clark and André Bachand, refused to join the new party, or any other, and sat for the remainder of their terms as independents. A small number formed the fledgling Progressive Canadian Party led by Ernie Schreiber, while others may have joined other centre or centre-left parties.
With the conservative movement's drift to the political right, the term Red Tory is often used today not to refer to those in the traditional Red Tory tradition of George Grant or Robert Stanfield but simply to Blue Tory moderates in the conservative movement, particularly those who reject or do not sufficiently embrace social conservatism such as James Moore, Gerald Keddy and Jim Prentice. For the most part the unmitigated faith in big government has disappeared from Canadian politics with even the NDP approaching the subject with some trepidation.
Thus, in the 2004 Conservative Party leadership election, Tony Clement was sometimes referred to as a Red Tory even though Clement was on the right wing of the Mike Harris cabinet. Clement is a neoconservative, who advocates privatization, tax cuts, the curtailment of social and economic development spending and free trade with the United States. He opposes government intervention in the economy. Clement's stances are policies that most traditional Red Tories would reject.
David Orchard and his supporters have put themselves as the modern inheritors of the Red Tory tradition, although many Red Tories would not embrace this strident opponent of free trade with the United States as a Red Tory.
Red Tories post-merger
One of the most important issues facing the newly created Conservative Party is what will happen with the Red Tories. Many high-profile Red Tories had opposed the merger and do not support the new party. The union has resulted in a number of Red Tories leaving the new party, either to retire or to defect to the Liberals. The latter group includes Members of Parliament (MPs) Scott Brison, André Bachand, Rick Borotsik, Keith Martin, and John Herron. Joe Clark served the balance of his parliamentary term as a Progressive Conservative, outside of the new Conservative party caucus.
Other high-profile Red Tories such as Sinclair Stevens and Flora MacDonald applied to re-register the old Progressive Conservative Party name; however this was refused by Elections Canada. On March 26, 2004, the Progressive Canadian Party was registered with Elections Canada. It aims to be perceived as a revival of the "PC Party". It is not clear how successful it will be in this regard, since no prominent former PC Tories such as Clark, Stevens, or MacDonald, or any sitting MP or senator, is associated with the new party.
Finally, some Red Tories have decided to join the new Conservative Party. A group of them formed the Red Tory Council , a group constructed to give voice to the Red Tories, monitor the party and its positions, and to prevent too great a swing to the right.
Belinda Stronach, an instigator of the new party yet relative newcomer to politics who placed second in the first Conservative leadership election, spoke up for government intervention to ensure growth in the economy, and generally stood against social conservatism, particularly in her personal support for same-sex marriage rights. Stronach's positions on these issues are ones that Red Tories typically support, and she might be considered the most prominent Red Tory member of the Conservative caucus in the 38th Parliament.
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details | <urn:uuid:8298eca6-7d9e-4ce0-bd8a-3a862c5e1cb3> | 2013-05-18T17:38:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
University of Maryland, College Park
- For other uses, see University of Maryland (disambiguation).
The University of Maryland, College Park (also known as UM, UMD, or UMCP) is a public coeducational university situated in suburban Maryland just outside Washington, DC. The flagship institution of the University System of Maryland, the university is most often referred to as the University of Maryland, even though the formal name remains University of Maryland, College Park.
The University originated in College Park in 1859 as the Maryland Agricultural College (MAC), and was one of many colleges to receive federal funds as a land grant college shortly thereafter. In 1916 the institution became known as the Maryland State College. In 1920 the college merged with the already established professional schools in Baltimore to form the University of Maryland. In 1988 the school was formally named University of Maryland, College Park and designated as the flagship campus of the newly-formed University System of Maryland. The university is currently headed by president C. Daniel Mote, Jr. .
Name and structural changes
In 1997 the Maryland General Assembly passed legislation allowing the University of Maryland, College Park to be known simply as the University of Maryland, recognizing the campus's role as the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland. For further information, please see the University of Maryland's own publication in regards to the naming issue in their "Identity Guide" (PDF format).
The other University System of Maryland institutions with the name "University of Maryland" are not satellite campuses of the University of Maryland, College Park, and are not referred to as such. For the above historical reasons, the University of Maryland, Baltimore is also sometimes called "University of Maryland." This is not a significant point of confusion, as UMB is limited to graduate professional education.
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
- School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation
- College of Arts and Humanities
- College of Behavioral and Social Sciences
- Robert H. Smith School of Business
- College of Computer, Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- College of Education
- A. James Clark School of Engineering
- College of Health and Human Performance
- College of Information Studies
- Philip Merrill College of Journalism
- College of Life Sciences
- School of Public Policy
Specialized programs offer students academic, community service, and research opportunities outside of the traditional classroom interaction. Students are often invited into these programs based on academic merit, current community service involvement, and racial/ethnic designation. Current programs are given with their specific emphasis:
- Civicus - Emphasis on broad community service.
- College Park Scholars - Community service and academic rigor within a chosen field.
- Gemstone - Specific topical research based academic rigor.
- Global Communities - Immersion in language other than student's native tongue.
- Hinman CEOs - Entrepreneurship based business style learning.
- Honors Humanities - Seminar based academic rigor with an emphasis on the arts and humanities.
- University Honors Program - Broad seminar based academic rigor.
On October 14, 2004 the university added 150 acres (607,000 m²) in an ambitious attempt to create the largest research park inside the Washington, DC Capital Beltway. "M Square" solidifies the university's goal of excellent undergraduate education coupled with breakthrough research. The current construction of a new Bioscience Research Building on campus will also be sure to bolster university reserach in life sciences and continue driving forward the state's already impressive biotechnology industry.
The University of Maryland's unique location near Washington, DC has created strong research partnerships especially with government agencies. These relationships have created numerous research opportunities for the university including:
- taking the lead in the nation-wide research initiative into the transmission and prevention of Avian influenza
- creating a new research center to study the behaviorial and social foundations of terrorism with a grant from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- launching the joint NASA-University of Maryland "Deep Impact" spacecraft in early January, 2005. On July 4, 2005 the craft will land on the "Temple 1" comet to analyze its compenents and help scientists at the university and NASA better understand the composition of the universe
The school's sports teams are called the Terrapins. They participate in the NCAA's Division I-A and in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The school has four "team colors": black, gold, red, and white. Although these are also the four colors of the Maryland state flag, as team colors they have a more interesting origin. When Clark Shaughnessy came from Stanford to coach the Maryland football team in the late 1940's, the "Terps" had sported black and gold for several decades. Shaughnessy brought with him a supply of red and white Stanford uniforms, and soon the school approved the use of all four colors in team uniforms.
In the past five years, the university's athletics program has achieved national prominence, particularly in the revenue generating sports. The football program had achieved little success for many years when Ralph Friedgen, a Maryland graduate in the class of 1970, was hired as head coach in November 2000. "The Fridge" has dramatically reversed the fortunes of Terrapin football in his three seasons, leading the team to 31 wins, an appearance in the BCS Orange Bowl, commanding victories over nationally-respected Tennessee in the Peach Bowl and geographic rival West Virginia in the Gator Bowl, consecutive top-3 finishes in conference, and the only outright ACC regular season title since Florida State's entry into the conference in 1992.
As successful as football has become, men's basketball is arguably still the most popular sport at Maryland, and like football is under the guidance of a Maryland graduate, Gary Williams '68. Williams, who returned to his alma mater in 1989 after successful stints at American University, Boston College, and Ohio State University, inherited a program that was suffering the after-effects of the death of Len Bias as well as NCAA rules infractions under Williams' predecessor Bob Wade. After several years of competing under recruiting sanctions related to these events, Williams has elevated the Terp program to the level of conference foes Duke and North Carolina. Williams has led Maryland to eleven consecutive NCAA tournament appearances (1993 - 2004), a feat that only four other schools in the nation have accomplished, as well as eight consecutive seasons with 20 or more wins (1996 – 2004). In addition, they have reached the tournament's Regional Semifinals (Sweet Sixteen) seven times, reached back-to-back Final Fours, and in 2002, after navigating a very difficult tournament road (defeating past champions Wisconsin, Kentucky, Connecticut, Kansas and Indiana), won the school's first NCAA title in men's basketball. With one of the youngest teams in the nation, Williams led his team to his first ACC Tournament title in 2004, a run which included erasing a 19-point halftime deficit against N.C. State in the semifinals, and erasing a 12-point deficit in three-plus minutes against Duke to force overtime in the tournament final. With well over 500 career victories, including more than 300 at Maryland in either the Cole Field House or Comcast Center, Williams is Maryland's all-time winningest coach, and is considered to be an eventual candidate for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
Beyond these primary revenue sports, Maryland excels in other areas. Women's basketball is in the midst of a resurgence under former Minnesota coach Brenda Frese, having advanced to the second round of the 2004 women's NCAA tournament -- the first tournament win for the program in twelve years. Friese has also managed to attract top national recruits, beating out nationally prominent Connecticut and Tennessee programs in the process. Men's soccer has been to three Final Fours since 1998, and spent several weeks in the top spot of the polls during the fall of 2003. The field hockey team has enjoyed similar success, with a handful of Final Four appearances and the 1999 national title. The volleyball team surprised many by winning the ACC tournament in 2003, and also qualified for their own NCAA tournament. In lacrosse, the official state team sport, Maryland has been a consistent national leader. The women's lacrosse team, under the direction of Cindy Timchal, has won seven national titles, been an NCAA finalist in eleven of the last fourteen years, and produced more All-Americans in the sport than any other school. The men's program, while not having won a national championship for several decades, is always among the top 10 programs nationally. The school's athletic director is Deborah Yow, considered among the most efficient and forward-thinking ADs by those in the profession. Dr. Yow has succeeded in balancing the Athletic Department's budget every year, while consistently upgrading the quality of the school's facilities and teams.
Lists of Distinguished People
Famous University of Maryland Alumni include:
- Carmen Balthrop , internationally recognized soprano and faculty member, performed at the White House, the Kennedy Center, Carnegie Hall
- Gail Berman, president of Paramount Pictures
- Bonnie Bernstein, network TV sports reporter
- Steve Blake, professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards
- Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google
- Dennis Cardoza, U.S. Congressman from California
- Jerry Ceppos , Vice-President for news operations for Knight Ridder newspapers
- Kiran Chetry , Fox News personality
- Connie Chung, news anchor-woman with CBS, NBC, and CNN
- Mark Ciardi , film producer (Miracle, The Rookie )
- Mary Stallings Coleman , Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Michigan
- Larry David, actor, writer and producer ("Curb Your Enthusiasm", "Seinfeld")
- Dominique Dawes, gymnast for the 1992, 1996, 2000 U.S. Olympics team
- Juan Dixon, professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards
- Darren Drozdov, Former NFL player and professional wrestler
- Michael Ealy, actor (Barbershop, Barbershop 2: Back in Business)
- Len Elmore , former professional NBA player turned TV sports analyst for the ESPN network
- Gordon England, U.S. Secretary of the Navy, former deputy secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- Boomer Esiason, former NFL quarterback turned television broadcaster.
- Charles Fefferman, mathematician and winner of the Fields Medal
- Carly Fiorina (MBA), former CEO of Hewlett Packard
- Robert Forward, physicist who authored 200 research papers, and science fiction writer known for 11 novels, including Dragon's Egg
- Fred Funk, pro golfer on the PGA TOUR
- Michael Griffin, NASA Administrator
- Joe Haldeman, science fiction writer, best known for The Forever War
- Herbert Hauptman, winner of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- Jane Healy , Pulitzer Prize-winning editor of The Orlando Sentinel
- Jim Henson, creator of the Muppets
- Steny Hoyer, U.S. Congressman from Maryland, chief sponsor of the Americans with Disabilities Act
- Harry R. Hughes, Governor of Maryland from 1979 to 1987
- Jack Kelley, former USA Today reporter
- Jeffrey Kluger , writer, best known for co-writing with Jim Lovell, the book the movie Apollo 13 is based on
- Jason Kravits , actor ("The Practice")
- Tim Kurkjian , ESPN commentator/analyst and writer
- Munro Leaf, author
- William McCool, NASA astronaut, killed on Columbia mission STS-107
- Mark McEwen , TV personality and former weatherman for CBS Morning News and The Early Show
- Aaron McGruder, creator of comic strip The Boondocks
- Theodore R. McKeldin, Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland from 1943 to 1947 and 1963 to 1967, and Governor of Maryland from 1951 to 1959
- Tom McMillen , former professional NBA player and Congressman in the U.S. House of Representatives
- Parren Mitchell , former U.S. Congressman from Maryland
- Nguyen Si Binh, Vietnamese American Chairman of the People's Action Party of Vietnam
- Robert M. Parker, Jr., wine critic
- George Pelecanos, mystery writer
- Judith Resnik, Ph.D. 1977, NASA astronaut, killed on Challenger mission STS-51-L
- David Simon, creator of Homicide: Life on the Street
- Bert Sugar, boxing writer and historian
- Shirley Thomson , Director of the Canada Council
- Mike Tice, former NFL player and current Minnesota Vikings head coach
- Kathleen Turner, Academy Award nominated movie actress, twice winner of the Golden Globe
- Joseph Tydings, former U.S. Senator from Maryland
- Millard Tydings, former U.S. Senator from Maryland who introduced legislation in 1920 to create the University of Maryland
- Scott Van Pelt, anchor for the television show SportsCenter on the ESPN network
- Paul W. Richards, NASA astronaut who flew on Discovery mission STS-102
- Dutch Ruppersberger, U.S. Congressman from Maryland
- Randy White, former professional football player for the Dallas Cowboys, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee
- DeWayne Wickham , writer and USA Today syndicated columnist
Well-known faculty (past and present) include:
- Michael Brin , mathematician
- David S. Broder, journalist, winner of Pulitzer Prize in 1973.
- Rachel Carson, ecologist and author of Silent Spring.
- Michael E. Fisher , winner of Wolf Priz in physics
- Jon Franklin , alumnus ('70) and Pulitzer Prize-winning writer
- Peter Miller , historian and MacArthur Fellow.
- Serguei Novikov, mathematician, winner of Fields Medal in 1970.
- Michael Olmert , Emmy award winning filmmaker.
- Robert L. Park, physicist, anti-pseudoscience activist.
- Bill Phillips, winner of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics.
- Georges Rey, philosopher.
- George Ritzer, sociologist.
- Roald Sagdeev , physicist, former science advisor to Mikhail Gorbachev
- Julian Simon, Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute.
- John S. Toll, physicist and well-known educational administrator.
- Harris Wofford, former U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
- James A. Yorke, a founding father of chaos theory, winner of Japan Prize in 2003.
- University of Maryland website
- The Diamondback, the independent student newspaper
- WMUC, the college radio station
- Unversity of Maryland Terrapins Official Athletic Site
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details | <urn:uuid:6c4cfa1b-5a08-4d9d-9ace-6f0816aea8c1> | 2013-05-18T18:07:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Disgraced federal agent Eddie Lyman (Jeff Fahey) is foiled by his nemesis, the ruthless American militia terrorist known as Anderson (Brent Huff), for the last time; Lyman is dismissed from his agency and sent home to his girlfriend, Valerie (Beth Toussaint), who happens to be the public relations chief for a rising senator (Ernie Hudson). The senator and his staff, including Valerie, board a train for a whistle-stop campaign to drum up interest for his anti-gun proposal, but little do they know, the staff of the train is made up entirely of Anderson and his band of cutthroats who intend to hijack the train and blow up a small town with a homemade nuclear bomb. Little do they know, Lyman boarded the train at the last minute to surprise Valerie, and, coincidentally, he was in the bathroom when the hijacking went down. Can one unarmed man stop the terrorists, save the passengers, save the town, and stop a runaway train?
by Buzz McClain synopsis | <urn:uuid:78da2c0e-45df-4aa3-88b1-62b130798e25> | 2013-05-18T17:38:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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By Zulekha Qizilbash
A friendship that was forged on the first day of college and lasted a lifetime, that stood the test of time, despite the trials and tribulations thrown its way by Partition: that is what describes the bond between Pran Nevile and Saeed Ahmed Khan.
Pran Nevile the great Indian writer and S.A. Khan, my late maternal grandfather met and became friends while studying in Government College Lahore in 1937. They remained friends until my nana died in Nov 2000.
When they met again for the first time in 1997 nearly fifty years after their last meeting it felt as if they had never been apart. Pran uncle mentions the details of this meeting in the revised edition of his book Lahore, A Sentimental Journey (Oxford University Press) accompanied by photos of their reunion.
Pran uncle had always wanted to write a book about his memories of Lahore but whenever he visited Pakistan, he went to Karachi, deliberately avoiding Lahore so that his memories of the city he remembered would remained untainted until he could write a book about it. In the late 1980s he heard from somewhere that his friend, my grandfather had died. This spurred him to write Lahore, A Sentimental Journey, which he dedicated to his late friend (S.A. Khan).
However, as luck would have it was not my grandfather who had died but his younger brother. After the book was published Pran uncle visited Lahore and asked an old friend to arrange for him to meet Saeed's family; still thinking that his friend was no more. The mutual friend located nana and informed him that his old friend was coming to meet him shortly.
When he discovered Saeed was still alive, Pran uncle couldn't contain his excitement. He presented nana with a copy of his book but not before tearing out the erroneous dedication page. Their epic reunion has been immortalised in the updated edition of this book, published by Oxford University Press.
We had heard a lot about Pran uncle from nana when he would come and stay with us in Rawalpindi but never had the honor of meeting him. He was a respected writer and we derived pleasure from the fact that he was nana's best friend.
On March 14 this year, my younger sister announced that Pran uncle was in Islamabad for the Sufi Conference arranged by Pakistan Academy of Letters and we would be going to meet him at his hotel. Unfortunately I had classes at university so I asked my sisters to invite him for dinner at our place. They met and invited him, and he kindly agreed to come over the next day. It was a very happy evening that we enjoyed in his company because of his affable and charming personality. He exuded warmth and love and we felt overjoyed to be in the company of our nana's old friend talking enthusiastically about his past. Hearing him air his views on just about every topic under the sun made the evening a very entertaining one and time flew rapidly.
Overjoyed as we were at his coming over, we made a foolish faux pax that day: forgetting his religious belief we made haleem, egg sandwiches, and chicken bread. Fortunately, the dahi baras and vegetable samosas saved the day. Although, being a perfect gentleman, he did not make this mistake obvious. The evening ended on a high note and we promised to keep in touch by the age old method of letters because he does not use email. He told us how he and nana exchanged letters until his death; letters he has saved till today. Remembering his friend, he recalled how nana had planned a trip to Delhi with another friend but sadly death did not give him a chance.
We found his remark about Pakistani women very encouraging - citing the examples Asma Jahangir and Madiha Gauhar whom he holds in high regard, he said he finds them more liberated than their Indian counterparts.
Sitting across him I kept thinking that if the common people of these two countries can sit and converse with each other without drawing swords why do issues at the government level remain unresolved? The great divide has created a wide chasm between families, friends and relatives which people try to cross whenever the borders and communication lines are opened. I have met many people in Pakistan who yearn to see the land of their birth which they had to leave because of partition and it is now part of India; just like Pran Nevile who yearned for Lahore.
Reaching an agreement acceptable to both sides can take decades but at least the people on both sides of the border can make efforts to keep the lines of communication open. Even after the death of his friend, Pran uncle has tried to keep in touch with us and his birthplace; not categorising us as 'enemy' Pakistanis, but as part of the family of his friend Saeed.
The question that arises now is whether, despite cross-border relationships between friends and families, this is a bridgeable divide, given that we are locked in battle on so many fronts?
The author is a freelance writer based in Islamabad email@example.com
Wednesday, June 16, 2010
Butool Hisam writes about a unique cross-border initiative she is involved in to bring young people of India and Pakistan closer together
I come fro .....more
Vasundhara Chauhan generously shares her cousin Neetu's Kashmiri Roghan Josh recipe, and more
Despite a lifetime of eating curries - especially chicken .....more
KARACHI: In a stunning new manifestation of Pak-India cooperation, the Indian School of Business (ISB), Hyderabad, has signed a Memorandum of Underst .....more
NEW DELHI: India has decided to allow foreign direct investments from Pakistan, India's trade minister said on Friday.
"India has taken an in-principl .....more
LAHORE: Vikramjit Singh Sahney, President of the SAARC Chamber of Commerce & Industry (SAARC CCI) has said that Integrated Check Post (ICP) at Wagha .....more
Page 62 of 174
The News on Sunday Special Report: India Pakistan prisoners more editions
We probably didn't need to do this Special Report. Newspaper stories don't matter when it comes to Indians in Pakistani jails and vice versa. In fact, 'vice versa' sums it up. We do to them what they do to us.
Except when the two countries decide to begin talking, yet again! This time a little before the foreign secretary level talks, some Pakistani prisoners were released by India (and vice versa must have happened) and some more were release....read more
For the past 2 years the Jang Group and Geo have been working on a project of great national interest; one that we hope will help usher in an era of peace and prosperity in the country and indeed, in the region. And one that hopefully all Pakistanis can be proud of. more
The Jang Group has entered into an agreement with the Times of India Group, the largest media group of India, to campaign for peace betw | <urn:uuid:3d2c54b9-696c-415e-8bd1-31d51aeb49a5> | 2013-05-18T17:48:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The narrator is at an observatory in Ottershaw when explosions are witnessed on Mars, causing interest among the scientific community. Later a "meteor" lands on Horsell Common, southwest of London, close to the narrator's home in Woking, Surrey. He is among the first to discover that the object is a space-going artificial cylinder. When the cylinder opens, the Martians - bulky, octopus-like creatures the size of a bear - briefly emerge, show difficulty in coping with the Earth's atmosphere, and rapidly retreat into the cylinder. A human deputation moves towards the cylinder, but the Martians incinerate them with a heat-ray weapon, before beginning the construction of alien machinery. | <urn:uuid:259f3743-49a1-4eaa-a633-971e7586b000> | 2013-05-18T18:02:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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HTML5 is revolutionizing the Web, and now it's coming to your ebook reader! With the release of the EPUB 3 specification, HTML5 support is officially a part of the EPUB standard, and publishers are able to take full advantage of HTML5's rich feature set to add rich media and interactivity to their ebook content.
HTML5 for Publishers gives an overview of some of the most exciting features HTML5 provides to ebook content creators--audio/video, geolocation, and the Canvas--and shows how to put them in action. Learn how to:
- Intersperse audio/video with textual content
- Create a graphing calculator to display algebraic equations on the Canvas
- Use geolocation to customize a work of fiction with details from the reader's locale
- Employ MathML to create an interactive equation solver | <urn:uuid:5e1502b9-f8b4-4c1a-aede-d752c032b78b> | 2013-05-18T17:28:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Authors: Author List
Although she considers herself a novice, Jeanna Juleson's quilting roots are anchored four generations deep, back to the quilt made by her great-grandmother. Raised in Los Angeles, Jeanna could see the famed Hollywood sign from her home and longed to become an actress. The sewing skills she learned as a child were later employed to make theater costumes. Now immersed in the quilting world, Jeanna resides in Tennessee and is the host of THE AMERICAN QUILTER television series.
Books by Jeanna Juleson | <urn:uuid:713204d9-2dae-4610-bbde-ee775cb0afd3> | 2013-05-18T18:05:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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VH1 drops Chad Johnson's reality show after his domestic violence arrest
VH1 dropped the reality show starring now ex-Miami Dolphin Chad Johnson and his new wife Monday after the wide receiver was arrested on a domestic violence charge last weekend.
Johnson, the 34-year-old star who once went by the name Chad Ochocinco, was arrested Saturday for allegedly head-butting his wife, Evelyn Lozada, 36, during an argument. He was released by the Dolphins the next day.
"Due to the unfortunate events over the weekend and the seriousness of the allegations, VH1 is pulling the series 'Ev and Ocho' from its schedule and has no current plans of airing it," VH1 said in a statement.
The show, "Ev & Ocho," had reportedly finished filming and was set to debut Sept. 3. | <urn:uuid:015b8c83-7d31-42e8-99a5-de5526263f40> | 2013-05-18T17:49:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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ROMAIN WACZIARG FINDS LINK BETWEEN GENETIC DISTANCE AND INCOME DIFFERENCES
Study provides new perspective on technology adoption
Why are some countries rich and others poor? Much has been written on this question from a historical perspective, says UCLA Anderson Associate Professor Romain Wacziarg. "Countries that were colonized and populated by Europeans are generally more economically developed than countries that were not colonized, or were colonized but not populated by Europeans," he says.
Wacziarg thought this might have to do with the links between developed countries and Northwestern Europe, where the Industrial Revolution originated. "In particular," he says, "with the fact that the colonizers who settled in these regions had been close to the industrial breakthroughs of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries."
So Wacziarg and Enrico Spolaore of Tufts University began looking at the long term determinants of economic performance by countries -- measured by per-capita income. The main hypothesis of their study was that, if a country has a significant population that is genetically related to the population in the country where a major technological innovation took place, the country is more likely to adopt this technology and develop economically. The results are presented in a paper by Wacziarg and Spolaore entitled, "The Diffusion of Development."
"The idea is not about being European per se," says Wacziarg. "It's about being close to the source of innovation. Not just geographically close, but also genetically close. New Zealand and Australia are not geographically close to Europe, but they still got the industrial revolution sooner than Papua New Guinea in part because they were colonized by Europeans."
Genetic distance measures the time since two populations had common ancestors. Much like siblings are more closely related than cousins since they share parents rather than grandparents, if two populations split apart 2,000 years ago, they will be genetically closer than two populations that split apart 10,000 years ago.
The mechanism linking genetic distance to income differences can take a variety of forms. People who are genetically close are more likely to trust each other. Populations that are genetically close can also communicate more easily, understand each others' cultural norms and values, and adopt practices conducive to modern development -- such as rapid human capital accumulation, low fertility and better political institutions.
One unique thing about this study is the notion that traits that account for differences across populations are transmitted vertically, from generation to generation, more easily than horizontally from one population to another. Because of this, separation between populations is associated with a host of differences in skills, culture and language that are potential barriers to development.
"We needed a way to measure the distance between populations of different countries," says Wacziarg. It turned out that geneticists have identified genetic markers that enable them to distinguish populations. And since these markers evolve at a steady rate, it is possible to determine the length of time since two populations had a common ancestor. It's like a molecular clock, he says.
Genetic distance is based on blood samples. Enzymes and protein markers vary from one population to another. The measure of genetic distance is known as FST Genetic Distance. "It's what geneticists call the measure of heterozygosity, which summarizes how different your genes are," says Wacziarg.
In the study, Wacziarg and Spolaore found that genetic distance is significantly correlated with current per-capita income differences between countries, even controlling statistically for geographic distance and other differences such as climate and resources. The results hold for income differences measured around the world since the year 1500. Interestingly, genetic distance correlates with the current differences in income among European countries despite their close geographic proximity.
"It's really quite simple," says Wacziarg. "The more genetically related people are, the more they will communicate, trust each other, imitate each other and share ideas. Closely related populations will exchange practices, values, and modes of production that are conducive to economic development."
"What the paper does not argue," says Wacziarg, "is that a country will never develop if it is really far from the technological frontier. It ultimately might get it, but the time it will take is proportional to its genetic distance from the source of innovation."
The study suggests that anything that fosters the exchange of ideas between populations that are genetically distant might help overcome barriers to development. One example, says Wacziarg, was the migration of engineers from India to the Silicon Valley as the area became a hub for information technology. He notes that this certainly helped make India a leader in software and IT services.
"You can overcome some genetic distance by bringing people close," he says. Another reason for India's commercial success with IT, notes Wacziarg, is that the Indian population, particularly in North India, is actually quite genetically close to European populations. Indians also had the advantage of speaking English, a heritage of the history of British colonization. A population more genetically and culturally distant from Europe may not have fared as well.
Wacziarg admits that his study may not have immediate policy implications for poor countries. "There is an aspect of pessimism involved in any study that says a current economic situation has roots in deep history," he explains. "You can't change deep history. There is a notion that poverty results from extremely persistent forces that are very hard to change."
But he maintains that economic development remains possible for any population. "This study suggests that anything that facilitates the flow of ideas and exchange between distant populations might help," he says. "Countries do develop and become richer. India and China are cases in point."
Read more about the study in Economic Principles. | <urn:uuid:b925bb80-f92d-42af-9664-4f72219dfeed> | 2013-05-18T17:28:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Click here to hear show themesong again (wav audio)
This rural sitcom, a spin-off of The Beverly Hillbillies, debuted on CBS on September 24, 1963. It ranked high in the Nielsen ratings for seven seasons. Production on the series certainly would have lasted longer, had CBS not decided to pull the plug on all of its rural comedy programming at the start of the 1970s. Its last prime time network telecast was on September 12, 1970.
The series centered around events taking place at the Shady Rest Hotel, the only lodging facility in the hick farming community of Hooterville. As one might gather from the show's catchy opening theme song, the hotel is run by Kate Bradley, a matronly widow blessed with three beautiful daughters who help her run the place: Billie Jo, Bobbie Jo and Betty Jo. She is also assisted by the self-proclaimed manager, lazy Uncle Joe.
Plots focus on the various transient hotel guests, the romantic lives of the Bradley daughters, and the conflict between Kate and Homer Bedloe, the vice president of the C.F. & W. Railroad. Homer had plans to shut down the branch of the railroad which ran through Hooterville and to get rid of the town's only train, the steam-driven Cannonball, putting its two hapless engineers (Floyd Smoot and Charlie Pratt) out of work. Long-shots of the Cannonball were actually the Jamestown Railroad, which still runs steam trains for the tourist trade one or two hundred miles north of the real-life town of Pixley, California (a Southern Pacific railroad town). Close-ups scenes usually used a locomotive and passenger car originally purchased from the V&T Rwy for a 1939 Cecil B. De Mille movie and also used for the tv series Wild Wild West
An unusual feature of this series is its large turnover of cast members. During the run of the show, Bobbie Jo was played by two different actresses, while Billie Jo was played by three. Additionally, many other supporting characters would be replaced by new ones after only a few seasons.
At the start of the 1968-69 season, the star of the show, (Bea Benaderet, who played Kate), died and was eventually replaced by the character Dr. Janet Craig (June Lockhart), a mature woman who took up residency at the Shady Rest and became the town physician after Doc Stewart retired.
In 1965, this spin-off series itself spun-off another series, "Green Acres," which also took place near Hooterville. For the following five seasons, the two shows would interact with each other on a regular basis, with cast members from one series making guest appearances on the other. One character, Sam Drucker (who ran the general store), was a series regular on both shows.
Although not as outwardly surreal as "Green Acres," "Petticoat Junction" perfected its own brand of country humor which was equally absurd, but in a more subtle way. Rather than outrageous comedy, the emphasis on this show was escapism. The Shady Rest made an ideal haven to offer a respite from the hectic lives of the big city traveler and the TV viewing public. | <urn:uuid:ce302d76-6975-4910-8b90-886001b5e09e> | 2013-05-18T17:39:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Merry Christmas to you my friend! May all your wishes come true! How cute is your little girl!
Happy holidays to you, too!
Feliz Navidad mamita!!! I hope you have a wonderful holiday and Happy New Year!!
happy holidays to you too!I got the same colors in my christmastree! wow what a good taste do we have LOLxoxo
Awww she is sweet!
what a dollie...merry christmas to you as well my sweet friend =)xoxo
Merry Christmas to you too Ms. Anilu!
Enjoy your Christmas :)
Merry Christmas to you and your family too! :)The pic is beautiful!
Happy Christmas to you as well!!!!!XOXOXOAnd what a darling picture!Annie
merry christmas to you, too my sweet friend.xo
Merry Christmas!!!!!!!!!!Take care,Tina
Merry Christmas to you too Anilu!
Happy Christmas to you!
What a beautiful picture!! i love your banner too!!Happy Holidays to you!! :)
MERRY CHRISTMAS my dear friend! :-=) That photo of Nati is precious. May the New Year bring you and your family many blessings... Hugs!
Have the best holiday ever, Anilu! Love ya!
Merry Christmas to you Anilu :)
merry christmas to you and your family, anilu!
your daughter is just stunning! have the merriest of christmases, my friend!
Merry Christmas to you, too, Anilu!
Merry Christmas to you, my friend.
feliz navidad :) merry merry... your little grl is adorrrable... xoxo!! can't wait to get together :)
Feliz Navidad to you too Anilu! All the best for you and your family in 2008!
Feliz Navidad Anilu...xog
Merry Christmas Anilu!
merry christmas to you too...Courtney
Hope you had a great christmas!! And all the best for 2008.
merry christmas to you too.and the happiest of New Years. | <urn:uuid:9d8f14fe-e763-4dc6-9911-5e8a8cf4e175> | 2013-05-18T17:37:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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1/3 cup olive oil 1 large onion 4 garlic cloves, crushed 1 teaspoon basil 1 teaspoon oregano 1 teaspoon thyme 1 teaspoon crushed hot red pepper 1 pkg. (10 ounces) frozen chopped spinach (pkg. thawed, squeeze out water) 2 pounds ground lean beef 1 pounds Italian style sweet sausage 3/4 cup fine dry bread crumbs 3 eggs, beaten 1/3 cup(s) fresh grated Parmesan cheese 1 1/2 teaspoon salt
In skillet, heat olive oil over high heat. Add onion, garlic, basil, oregano, thyme, hot red pepper. Reduce heat to low and cook covered until onion is tender, about 20 minutes. Add spinach stirring to break up spinach for 5 minutes. Cool to room temperature. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. In large bowl combine beef and sausage. Stir in spinach mixture, bread crumbs, eggs, Parmesan cheese and salt; mix well. Form meat into large round meatloaf and bake for about 1 1/2 hours. You may serve with warmed tomato sauce on the side. Makes 6 servings
Share this recipe with a friend
In order to share this spinach meatloaf recipe with a friend, simply enter their email address below as well as your name so your friend knows who sent them this recipe. | <urn:uuid:5b2c62f7-fdfb-4b23-9a24-00a279682a07> | 2013-05-18T17:48:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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THE APPALACHIAN HARDWOOD FOREST
The Appalachian Hardwood Region is the mountainous area
between New York and North Georgia with an approximate boundary at the
1,000-foot altitude contour. Within this area grow the finest
hardwood timber to be found in the world.
Thousands of years ago this area was bounded on the
north by glaciers and on the east, south and west by a shallow sea.
When the glaciers receded and the seas subsided, the mountains were
the garden spot that seeded the surrounding areas. All species of
trees found in the east are also found in these mountains. For nearly
200 years after the settlement of the coastal plains, the Appalachian
mountains were the "Far West." The first white man to explore the
Appalachian mountains is reported to have been Desoto in about 1540.
He made no real settlement and few pioneers attempted to cross the
rugged mountain ranges. Hunters who ventured into these lush
mountains returned with glowing tales of the grandeur of the country.
With the discovery of Cumberland Gap about 1750, a
relatively easy route became available across the mountains. However,
westward migration did not start until 1779 when Daniel Boone was
commissioned by the Virginia Legislature to build a road through the
Gap. He built what became known as the "Wilderness Road." From 1779
to 1795 a steady stream of settlers flowed across the mountain trail.
Few stopped to settle in the rugged mountains to work out a living.
Most of the people moved on through the mountains into the low rolling
hills and river bottom lands of central Kentucky and beyond.
The results of this migration can be seen in the
timber stands of the region today. Within the Appalachian mountain
territory there are vast areas of forest land containing billions of
board feet of timber. Farther west beyond the mountains in Kentucky
and Tennessee, the forest lands are mostly small tracts and farm wood
When steam boat traffic started on the Ohio River,
travel largely left the overland route, and the mountain section was
nearly isolated from the outside world. Scattered logging operations
were active near the river courses as early as 1825. However, it was
not until about ten years after the Civil War when deposits of coal
and iron were discovered that the railroads pushed into the mountains
providing new transportation systems. The coming of the railroads was
important to the timber industry because it provided outlets for the
forest products so bountiful in the country. The demand for forest
products, job opportunities, and new accessibility made the mountains
more hospitable and hundreds of new settlements were established along
the rail junctions.
Lumbermen from New England and New York and
Pennsylvania were looking for new sources of timber, having moved
through the virgin forests of the northeast. Here was a new area of
timber, the grandeur of which they had never seen. Great band mills
were built throughout the mountains to saw the giant poplar, oak and
ash. These Appalachian hardwoods found their way into furniture,
flooring, wall paneling, railroad ties and hundreds of other
products. They matched in elegance and beauty the foreign woods
favored by woodworking craftsmen of the day.
The area remains primarily a timber-producing region
because the rugged nature of the country discouraged extensive land
clearing for farming and conditions of soil, climate and topography
are nearly perfect for growing trees. The Appalachian mountains,
which represent about 15 percent of the hardwood forest land area,
furnish more than 20 percent of the total hardwood lumber production.
The story of early hardwood harvesting in the
Appalachians is one of popularity for the different species. The
first loggers went into the woods and cut white oak and yellow poplar
24 inches and larger in diameter. Timber harvest in the mountains
continued to rise, with peak production reached in 1909 and 1910.
During this period of timber production, the supply
seemed infinite. Mammoth machines moved through the woods, knocking
down what was not harvested and leaving great quantities of wasted
wood in their wake. Following the harvests, fires often moved through
the area, burning not only trees, but the soil as well, causing
serious damage to the forest environment. The miracle of nature
provided the vitality to recover from the devastating fires and today
the forests have regenerated.
In the old days of virgin timber, trees were cut for
use and to clear the land. Now, with our frontier gone and our second
growth timber before us, we are growing trees for use and changing our
forest practices to meet not only the demands of today but the
anticipated demands of generations to come. Today, landowners and
operators alike have professional foresters in their employ who guide
the destiny of our public, private and industrial forests.
As our ancestors found wood important to their daily
lives, we find it essential today. Have you ever wondered what it
would be like to live a week without touching anything that required
the cutting of a tree. There would be no newspapers, magazines or
books. Food would be very hard to find. New homes could not be
built. Railroads could not operate. There would be no paper
products---no toilet tissue, paper napkins, bags, boxes or containers.
Fortunately for all of us, we will not run out of
wood in the immediate future. Trees are our only major renewable
resource. Unlike the oil and mineral resources of this nation, trees
can go on forever. If we are intelligent enough as a society to grow,
harvest and manage trees scientifically, we can count on a bountiful
supply of wood forever.
In the harvesting, sawing and processing of logs in
the Appalachian region, thousands of jobs are created. People are
needed to cut the trees, saw them into logs and haul them to
sawmills. There the logs are cut into lumber. Other manufacturing
plants process them into flooring, cabinets, panels, furniture and
various finished products.
Wood industry jobs now require highly skilled people
and provide lifetime occupational employment for those who want
meaningful productive work. Altogether the basic forest industries of
the Appalachian region employ more than 50,000 people, with payrolls
generating millions of dollars. Thus, you can see the forests of this
region play and important part in the daily economic lives of
Forest management practices in the region are making
rapid strides. Future progress will depend on public cooperation and
support. Trees were put here to use. Remember, timber is our only
major natural resource.
There is a direct relationship between the quality
of timber and the quality of all other forest resources. When trees
are maintained in a healthy vigorous condition, all other resources
benefit. When trees are "cultured" or managed, watershed values,
wildlife food and cover, recreational opportunities, and all other
enjoyment values for people are the greatest. | <urn:uuid:09cb9d64-601b-48ee-b656-45539326de81> | 2013-05-18T17:37:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Letter: Marysville Joint Unified school administrators don't need raises
So let me get this straight: The top three administrators for Marysville Joint Unified School District who together earn roughly $500,000 per year are threatening to sue the district's trustees because they did not approve a raise for all three? Are ya kidding me!
Gay, Mark and Ramiro, you should be ashamed of yourselves for trying to blackmail your own trustees by threatening to sue.
We know you want to pad your salaries so that you can retire earning hundreds of thousands per year, however, this threat and your actions are despicable. Further your salaries do not directly benefit one single child.
Marysville Joint Unified, hold your ground and do not be blackmailed by these three money-hungry bureaucrats. I am so tired of selfish people like these three whose only concern is themselves. While other public sector employees are being laid off or furloughed, these three think they deserve more?
I'd eliminate the assistant superintendent of Business Services and superintendent of Personnel Services and combine those roles into one position, just like so many other business entities have done.
Meanwhile, Gay, Mark and Ramiro: Come down from your ivory tower and take a look a reality here in Yuba and Sutter counties. Your actions are disgraceful. | <urn:uuid:8d343d97-cb71-43d7-a5ad-a6e8e9673b72> | 2013-05-18T17:18:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You can view a list of all the formulas in a spreadsheet. Simply click Formula List in the toolbar of the Numbers document, and all the formulas in your spreadsheet are displayed in the formula list window.
Use these tips when you’re working in the formula list window:
To learn more about viewing formulas, see “Viewing All Formulas in a Spreadsheet” in Numbers Help. To learn about printing this list of formulas along with your spreadsheet, see “Printing a Spreadsheet” in Numbers Help. | <urn:uuid:c3bf5abf-6e97-4ca9-afcd-d3aaa250937b> | 2013-05-18T17:20:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"The book provides a very useful review for researchers into GR crops and weeds, as well as to those involved in education and extension, and decision-making in the approval of GM crops. It exemplifies the complexities and consequences of resistance development in general."-- The Journal of Experimental Agriculture
Glyphosate-resistant crop technology has revolutionized crop production in many parts of the world, offering such benefits as reduced fuel costs and improved soil conservation; however, glyphosate-resistant weeds are becoming one of the most pressing problems in crop protection, threatening the sustainability of glyphosate and glyphosate-resistant crop technology. This book details the development of glyphosate resistance, offering interdisciplinary approaches for managing glyphosate-resistant weeds and reducing their spread.
Glyphosate Resistance in Crops and Weeds features contributions from leading experts in the many disciplines needed to fully understand glyphosate-resistant crops and weeds. The authors have reviewed and analyzed all the latest research findings as well as the latest technologies developed to manage glyphosate-resistant crops and weeds. Coverage includes:
References guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation of individual topics. A compilation of commonly used terms in herbicide resistance and their definitions is also provided.
With the productivity and health of croplands threatened around the world by glyphosate-resistant weeds, this review of glyphosate resistance is essential for land managers, weed scientists, plant biologists, crop consultants, and agronomists.
"Features contributions from leading experts in the many disciplines needed to fully understand glyphosphate-resistant crops and weeds. The authors have reviewed and analyzed all the latest research findings as well as the latest technologies developed to manage GR crops and weeds." -- Chemical & Engineering News
"This book provides such an essential, up-to-date source of information on glyphosate resistance for researchers, extension workers, land managers, government personnel, and other decision makers and provides comprehensive coverage of the intensely studied topic of glyphosate resistant (GR) in crops". -- Quote.com
ORDER ONLINE OR TOLL-FREE 1.800.328.7560
If for any reason you are unsatisfied with your purchase,
return it within 30 days with a copy of your receipt for a full refund. | <urn:uuid:d1d0d4bc-9665-4822-9a8a-136a7050d5b1> | 2013-05-18T17:37:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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St. Josaphat Kuncevyc
St. Josaphat Kuncevyc, a Virtuous Saint of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
- Saint Josaphat
On November 12, the Church remembers the life and tireless efforts of St. Josaphat Kuncevyc, the first Eastern Rite (Byzantine Catholic) saint to be canonized by Rome in 1876. This devout man preached and worked to encourage unity within the church and would eventually be martyred at the hands of the schismatic group he had worked to unite to the Apostolic See of Rome.
St. Josaphat Kuncevyc was born and baptized as Johannes in the small Lithuanian town of Volodymyr in either 1580 or 1584. It was not a happy time for the Ruthenian Church, inwhich he was raised, and which united itself to Rome in 1595. There were, however, members of the Church who maintained a schism from Rome, and had disdain for the "Uniates," which was the term for those who were in full communion with Rome.
Though Johannes's father was of noble heritage, he was devoted to commercial pursuits, and held the office of town-councilor. Both he and Johannes's mother contributed to the fostering of piety in the future saint. As a child, he didn't care much for typical child's play, but rather spent time praying and assisting at the liturgy. As a student he was both talented and zealous. While still a youth, he fervently studied ecclesiastical Slav, and learned almost the entire casoslov (breviary), which he began to pray daily. He was offered a well paying partnership with a successful merchant and the hand of the merchant's daughter in marriage. However, Johannes declined, discerning instead a calling to religious life.
Life and Works as a Religious
At the age of 20 or 24 (recalling the fact that it is unknown for sure whether he was born in 1580 or 1584), Johannes entered a Basilian monastery, the Ukrainian Order of Saint Basil at Vilna in 1604. Here, he lived as a monk and took the name Brother Josaphat. He was ordained a Byzantine Rite priest in 1609.
At some point not too long after his ordination, Josaphat learned of his superiorSamuel's dissident views and works. Samuel had never accepted unity with Rome and sought ways to fight Roman Catholicism and those who brought about and supported union with Rome. Fearing the spiritual damage that could be brought about, Josaphat brought the matter to the attention of Samuel's superiors and the Archbishop of Kiev removed Samuel from his post, replacing him with Josaphat.
Josaphat became a famous preacher, working to bring unity with Rome among the faithful, and to draw strayed Christians back to the Church. He believed unity was in the best interest of the Church and through teaching, clerical reform, and personal example, Josaphat brought many orthodox churches in Lithuania into union with Rome. He was consecrated Bishop of Vitebsk in 1617, and became Archbishop of Polotsk one year later in 1618.
For years Josaphat worked for unity among the Christians in Lithuania, and his labors were indeed fruitful. However, his successes only increased the hatred of the schismatic, anti-Uniate groups in the area. In 1620, while Josaphat was away attending the Diet of Warsaw, a schismatic group, with the accusation that Josaphat had "gone Latin," set up anti-Uniate bishops to replace the true ordained Uniate bishops. Against warnings, Josaphat returned to his station; the army, which remained loyal to the union-loyal king, attempted to protect Josaphat and his clergy. However, November 12, 1623, an anti-Uniate priest shouted insults at Josaphat and tried to enter his residence. When the priest was removed, a mob assembled. Josaphat, who tried to ensure that his servants were able to flee to safety, was martyred by axe and bullet at the hands of the mob.
Read more about modern martyrs of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church here.
- Adapted from the New Catholic Encyclopedia | <urn:uuid:ee2b0eb1-2122-490f-83fc-188be9e2c144> | 2013-05-18T17:37:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"Bear!" I called out as the animal emerged from the forest, briefly glancing in our direction before it turned and galloped down the road away from us. "Oh wow, that's a big black bear. I wouldn't worry about him. He's definitely seen us and he's retreating. That's a relief." I didn't even slow my pedaling pace. Black bear clearly wanted nothing to do with us and I hoped to catch a few more glimpses before he got away.
"That was my first bear sighting," Leah said after the noise subsided. "Wow, it's cool to see such a large animal in its own environment."
"It's amazing, isn't it?" I agreed. I couldn't even tell you how many bears I've spotted at this point in my life, but they take my breath away every time.
Leggett was decision-making time. There were 21 mostly-downhill miles north on Highway 101 to a place where we thought we would likely camp that night, Benbow Lake. OR ... we could ride south on 101, connect up with a rugged gravel road that would carry us to the top of a high ridge of unknown length and steepness, drop off a steep spine back to the Eel River Valley, and backtrack on 101 until we reached Benbow. How much time would take to go the direct way? Maybe an hour and a half. And how long on the scenic route? Unknown. Seven hours, at most, was our available daylight. It was 2 p.m. Leah and I didn't even debate the options. We just finished our fruit and turned south.
"Yeah," Leah nodded.
"I don't think you want to do that," she said. "This road is really steep and narrow. People drive fast, too."
"We've been riding a lot of the back roads around here," I chimed in. "Wilder Ridge, King Peak, Usal Road. Is it steeper than Usal Road?"
"Steeper than Usal Road? Yeah, it's pretty much steeper than anything around here."
"Well, we're going to give it a try," Leah said.
"Yeah," I agreed. "It beats riding on 101."
"Well, good luck," the woman said, and with that rolled up her window and turned onto the highway.
"You're doing great!" one guy called out.
"Awesome!" shouted another.
"I don't think they're used to seeing too many cyclists up here," Leah said.
I nodded in agreement. "But it's strange if that's true. This is such a cool place, maybe my favorite road yet."
We dropped off the main ridge and ascended toward another, all the while gazing across the region we had traveled, then turning our heads to view the exponentially larger region we had yet to explore. We talked about coming back and riding logging roads and trails in Mendocino. We talked about ways we could prolong our current trip. We climbed until my head pounded with hot blood, and then plummeted until tears streamed along my temples. After a while, we didn't talk much. There just didn't seem to be much to say anymore. Our thoughts were simple here, overshadowed by the absolutes of forward motion and endless space.
I ate some candy orange slices as we took a brief, mostly quiet break at yet another stunning overlook. The simple sugars slid down my throat and trickled into my bloodstream, dulling the more stressful edge of my fatigue and amplifying my contentment. Candy orange slices are magical like that. And somewhere in the background of my simple thoughts, I remembered another Annie Dillard passage that I love, and it made me smile:
“The mind wants to live forever, or to learn a very good reason why not. The mind wants the world to return its love, or its awareness. The mind's sidekick, however, will settle for two eggs over easy. The dear, stupid body is easily satisfied as a spaniel. And, incredibly, the simple spaniel can lure the brawling mind to its dish. It is everlastingly funny that the proud, metaphysically ambitious mind will hush if you give it an egg.”
Of course I was relieved when Leah said nothing and we continued coasting the steep descent to Garberville. We ended our day with 71.1 miles and 9,576 feet of climbing, nearly 11 hours on the go with 8:45 in the saddle. | <urn:uuid:f994ee19-52bf-4ccc-8fd0-3880ab2fd2c5> | 2013-05-18T17:17:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Wednesday 15 May
Philippine duck (Anas luzonica)
Philippine duck fact file
- Find out more
- Print factsheet
Philippine duck description
With its rusty-cinnamon head and bluish-grey bill, the Philippine duck is a rather distinctive bird. The cinnamon coloured head is boldly decorated with a black crown and a black stripe through the eye, while the rest of the plumage is brownish-grey. When in flight, a well-defined patch of glossy green on the wing can be clearly seen (2), which is bordered with black and has a narrow white edge (3), and the underside of the wing is also white (2). Immature Philippine ducks have slightly duller plumage than that of adults, while ducklings are olive-brown with a bright yellow face and neck (2). It calls with a typical duck-like quack (3).
- Length: 48 – 58 cm (2)
Philippine duck biology
This shy and nervous species, which will quickly fly off if approached, may be seen in large flocks outside of the breeding season, but usually occurs in pairs or small groups (2). The breeding season is thought to extend between March and November, with a peak in activity in July and August, although this may vary throughout the range (2). The Philippine duck constructs a nest obscured from view under a thick cover of aquatic vegetation, such as water bindweed. Clutches consist of 8 to 10, sometimes 15 to 16, eggs, which are dull white with a brownish tinge. These are incubated for 25 to 26 days (2).
Most active in the early morning, late afternoon, and during moonlit nights, the Philippine duck forages in shallow water for plants, molluscs and crustaceans (2). Fish and frogs may also be consumed, as well as insects, rice and the shoots of young plants; some farmers have complained of the damage this duck had done to newly sown fields and sprouting crops (4).Top
Philippine duck rangeTop
Philippine duck habitat
The Philippine duck can be found in both freshwater and saltwater habitats, including small streams in forests, lakes, marshes, swamps, mangroves, tidal creeks, and the open sea (2) (4). It prefers areas with marsh vegetation, which offers vital food and cover, and is found up to elevations of 300 to 400 metres (2).Top
Philippine duck status
Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).Top
Philippine duck threats
Hunting and habitat loss pose the greatest threat to the Philippine duck’s survival, and evidence from the last 20 years suggest that numbers are declining (2). Since the 1960s, high levels of hunting and trapping of this species have been recorded, with thousands allegedly shot each week in certain months in the late 1980s (3), for both food and sport (5). Many wetland habitats of the Philippines have been drained, or converted for aquaculture and shrimp- or fish-ponds (3) (5). Most devastating to this species was the drainage of Candaba Marsh in the 1990s, which was once one of the most important sites for the Philippine duck, but is now too dry to support a large population (5). The recent extensive use of pesticides on rice-fields may also have had serious impacts on the Philippine duck (3).Top
Philippine duck conservation
The Philippine duck receives legal protection at five locations, including Lake Naujan National Park on Mindoro and Maria Aurora Memorial Natural Park on Luzon (3). In addition, hunting of all bird species is illegal in the Philippines, with the government banning firearms in 1972, although unfortunately, this law lacks enforcement (3) (5). Education and awareness programmes are required to enable local people to understand the effects of hunting on birds and the relevant laws (5). Further protection of the Philippine’s wetlands is also essential for this species’ survival; for example, the protection and restoration of Candaba Marsh has been recommended (3).Top
Find out more
For further information on the conservation of the Philippines’ wetlands see:
- Society of the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands:
For more information on this and other bird species please see:
- BirdLife International:
AuthenticationThis information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact: email@example.comTop
- The cultivation of marine or freshwater food fish or shellfish under controlled conditions.
- Diverse group of arthropods (a phylum of animals with jointed limbs and a hard chitinous exoskeleton) characterised by the possession of two pairs of antennae, one pair of mandibles (parts of the mouthparts used for handling and processing food) and two pairs of maxillae (appendages used in eating, which are located behind the mandibles). Includes crabs, lobsters, shrimps, slaters, woodlice and barnacles.
- A species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.
- A diverse group of invertebrates, mainly marine, that have one or all of the following; a horny, toothed ribbon in the mouth (the radula), a shell covering the upper surface of the body, and a mantle or mantle cavity with a type of gill. Includes snails, slugs, shellfish, octopuses and squid.
- IUCN Red List (April, 2008)
- Kear, J. (2005) Ducks, Geese and Swans. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- BirdLife International (April, 2008)
- BirdLife International. (2001) Threatened Birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
- Crosby, M.J. (2003) Saving Asia’s Threatened Birds: A Guide for Government and Civil Society. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
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Please contact the copyright owners directly (copyright and contact details are shown for each media item) to negotiate terms and conditions for any use of Material other than those expressly permitted above. Please note that many of the contributors to ARKive are commercial operators and may request a fee for such use.
Save as permitted above, no person or organisation is permitted to incorporate any copyright material from this website into any other work or publication in any format (this includes but is not limited to: websites, Apps, CDs, DVDs, intranets, extranets, signage, digital communications or on printed materials for external or other distribution). Use of the Material for promotional, administrative or for-profit purposes is not permitted. | <urn:uuid:d2592065-1e15-4a4f-9126-dee43a2d3454> | 2013-05-18T17:19:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Arlington Police arrest attempted robbery suspect
July 8, 2009 · 12:31 PM
ARLINGTON — On July 7, a 25-year-old Granite Falls man was arrested for attempted robbery with a weapon.
Shortly before 8 a.m. that day, Arlington Police were contacted by the driver of a heating supply truck, who indicated that an individual had just attempted to take his vehicle.
The driver indicated that he was parked on 67th Avenue NE, near 204th Street NE, when the suspect walked around his vehicle, then opened the passenger side door, indicated he had a weapon and told the driver, "Your shipment is mine."
The driver told police he felt his life was in danger, and he put the truck in drive and accelerated quickly.
Arlington Police detectives located the suspect a short time later, walking along 67th Avenue NE, near 204th Street NE.
The suspect was detained and subsequently booked into Snohomish County Jail on the charge of attempted robbery with a weapon, which is a felony charge. | <urn:uuid:7b84901b-342f-43a3-9974-86851f1606bd> | 2013-05-18T17:49:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Submitted to: International Symposium: Swine And Biomedical Research
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: October 15, 1995
Publication Date: N/A
Interpretive Summary: The genetic linkage map of the porcine genome has become sufficiently developed to allow the mapping of a variety of genes affecting traits of interest. To map such a gene, the genetic markers that make up the map are tested on animal pedigrees that show variation in the trait of interest, for example in a herd having animals that inherit melanoma (a disease commonly seen in Sinclair miniature swine). If the inheritance of a particular marker is commonly associated with the presence of melanoma, then it is likely that a gene involved in the inheritance of the disease lies somewhere on the chromosome near that marker. As a model system, we have helped to set up a breeding program to map a major gene involved in the inheritance of malignant melanoma in a herd of miniature swine being bred at Texas A&M University. We discuss the theoretical considerations in setting up a mapping population, and the use of the information obtained from the mapping experiment to ultimately identify the gene affecting the trait. These considerations are generally applicable to mapping genes affecting any attributes of swine that are heritable, including genes affecting agriculturally important traits as well as the inheritance of disease susceptibility in swine models for human disorders.
The genetic linkage map of swine has undergone a dramatic advancement during the last three years. A linkage map containing more than 1000 polymorphic markers is currently available. The vast majority of markers are microsatellites, which are both highly polymorphic and easily genotypable, making it feasible to map genes affecting disease in defined populations of swine. In many regions of the genome, marker density and map resolution are sufficient to permit positional and/or positional candidate cloning. Thus, the power of genetic mapping can now be used to identify loci affecting the inheritance and penetrance of disease-related traits. We have initiated mapping of tumor initiator/suppressor loci, and factors influencing disease penetrance, in a herd of miniature swine that exhibit a heritable form of malignant melanoma (Sinclair Swine Cutaneous Melanoma, SSCM). Pedigree analysis has demonstrated the existence of a major dominant gene responsible for the inheritance of the disease, and the location of a major penetrance factor in or near the SLA. This analysis has predicted genotypes of individual animals based on their pedigree, allowing us to make mating choices to maximize the probability of successfully mapping these loci. | <urn:uuid:86d312cc-c49f-4df2-8e00-cdaaf4d50afb> | 2013-05-18T17:50:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Antoni Clavé (1913-2005) [09/20/2005]
Antoni Clavé died in Saint-Tropez on 30 August, aged 92.
From the age of 14, he was involved in set design, illustrations in children's magazines and drawings for cinema advertisements and posters. In 1930, he enrolled in the Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes in his home town of Barcelona, concentrating initially on drawing, advertising and decorative art.
Having fought for the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War, Clavé was forced into exile in France by the Francoists' victory in 1939, becoming friends with Picasso while in Paris. In the mid-1950s, with his reputation on the rise, Clavé suddenly turned his back on a promising career as an illustrator and set designer to dedicate himself to fine art. Influenced by cubism and surrealism, he made collages out of a variety of materials and took up engraving.
In 1978, his work was honoured by the City of Paris Museum of Modern Art, which organised a retrospective covering 20 years of his paintings. He represented Spain at the 1984 Venice Biennale, where 125 of his works were displayed in the Spanish pavilion.
Every year, between 200-300 Clavé works come up for auction, 56% of these lithographs. His etchings and carborundum engravings are highly prized, with a print costing on average EUR 500-1,500.
The price of his paintings has risen 112% in less than six years, which has meant, of course, an increase in the number of exceptionally high bids. Between 1992 and 1998, none of his works reached EUR 100,000, whereas no fewer than six beat this mark in 2004. Despite this trend, his prices are still a long way short of those achieved in the record year of 1990, when his 1953 Fillette en rouge went for the equivalent of USD 300,000 at Loudmer. Gargantua, for example, sold for GBP 120,000 (EUR 175,000) in February 2004 at Sotheby’s in London, even though the 117 cm-wide canvas had fetched GBP 178,000 (EUR 266,000) on 30 November 1989.
London is where the artist's major works are sold – it accounts for 34% of turnover, but only 10% of transaction volumes – whereas the vast majority of Clavé prints – 68% of transactions – come up for auction in France and Spain. | <urn:uuid:3ae5a615-5d63-47c4-adbc-ea8f925ed688> | 2013-05-18T17:37:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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1. What is sequestration?
A: Sequestration is a fiscal policy procedure adopted by Congress to deal with the federal budget deficit. Simply put, sequestration is the cancellation of previously approved spending— an automatic form of spending cuts. As modified by the fiscal cliff deal passed by Congress January 1, sequestration will take effect March 1, 2013 but impose cuts over a period of nine years, 2013–2021.
Some federal programs are called “mandatory” and are mostly spared from sequestration. However, the rest of the government, the so-called “discretionary” programs, are subject to significant cuts starting in 2013 that will be divided between nondefense spending ($700 billion) and defense spending ($500 billion).
2. Why is sequestration happening now?
A: A law passed by Congress and signed by the president in August 2011 created a Congressional supercommittee to deal with the federal budget deficit and pass a package of spending cuts by Thanksgiving.
As an incentive for Democrats and Republicans to reach agreement, the law contains the threat of the across-the-board cuts (sequestration) if the deadline arrived and the deal wasn’t struck. Congress failed to reach agreement, thus triggering sequestration in January 2013.
3. Can sequestration be stopped?
A: Yes. Although sequestration is the law right now, Congress can pass another law that would repeal it. However, additional spending cuts would most likely be required to replace the automatic cuts. Last year, the House and Senate proposed legislation that would have replaced the sequester, but would also have imposed dramatically deeper cuts to education and all other nondefense discretionary programs.
For example, a House-passed Republican bill would have prevented any cuts to defense by increasing the cuts to domestic programs, including education, by $19 billion. The president’s FY13 budget proposal also would have eliminated the need for sequestration by reducing government spending in most areas (although it proposed a slight increase in education spending).
4. What can I do?
A: Send messages to your senators and representative urging them to repeal sequestration. First, use the Sequestration Effect Calculator on the sequestration page to determine the dollar amount of cuts that your school budget or programs will face if sequestration is not repealed.
Then, go to the Action Center and use the figure generated by the calculator to customize the e-mail message to your lawmakers.
^ Return to top. | <urn:uuid:8b5cec49-b02d-456b-95b3-fc9478ad6429> | 2013-05-18T17:27:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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9 Foolproof Summer Color Combinations
Pages: 1 2
My husband is a great guy, but unfortunately he's what I like to call, "color uncoordinated." Basically, this means that he can't mix and match his clothes to save his life. His birthday is coming up soon, so it's the perfect time for him to start dressing it up a notch. I'll be getting him a bunch of new threads, but I, myself, am having a hard time picking colors that are "summery" and mix and match perfectly. Bear in mind that I want these clothes to pass the test of time in order to avoid having to revamp his wardrobe every year.
I hope you can help,
Cathy -- Raleigh, NC
Great initiative on your part; I'll gladly help you pick out your husband's birthday gift, and hopefully I can help some more guys with the same problem while I'm at it. That said, here are nine classic and foolproof color combinations to wear this summer. It helps to pick out three basic tones for shirts and three more for trousers; for your tops, I suggest white, light blue and light gray, and for your bottoms, opt for earth tones (like beige, tan or taupe), blue and khaki.
White TopBelow are three types of white shirts you can buy this summer, and I even took the liberty of matching them with different trousers, shoes and belts.
Top: Your first option is a plain white T-shirt and/or polo shirt.
Trousers: Don it with a pair of tan linen flared drawstring trousers.
Footwear & belt: This suave look doesn't require a belt; simply pick out a fine pair of brown leather sandals or flip-flops.
Top: Your second option is a classy white linen button-down, long- or short-sleeve shirt.
Trousers: Wear the shirt with a pair of trendy, traditional or light blue designer jeans -- and don't tuck it in.
Footwear & belt: To complete your look, slip on a simple beige canvas belt with a pair of flip-flops or backless loafers (also known as "slides").
Top: For dressier occasions, you should have a crisp white cotton long-sleeve dress shirt in your fashion arsenal.
Trousers: Combine it with a chic pair of khaki chinos, 4-pocket pants or cargos.
Footwear & belt: To top it off, wear a light brown belt and light brown leather moccasins.
What to wear with light blue and gray... Next Page >> | <urn:uuid:94853d08-5ab5-4b2f-8174-e9102e4af403> | 2013-05-18T17:39:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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November 15, 2010
Change can be scary. If you agree, then 2010 has been a "scary" year. Along with the challenges of the economic recession, social media tools exploded onto the scene, five generations in the workforce created a whole new workforce dynamic, and talent retention and engag...
Stay connected with: | <urn:uuid:c14d9d2f-323b-4235-adf8-7552579ed6b4> | 2013-05-18T18:06:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Volume 19, Issue 1 (January 1974)
Methadone—A Cause of Death
The past few years have seen a dramatic increase in the use of methadone in the United States, predominantly as a method of treating narcotic addiction. Concomitant with this has been a proportionate rise in the number of deaths in which methadone is either the cause of death or an incidental toxicologic finding. This indicates an increasingly wide-spread abuse of methadone. In Philadelphia, for example, there were only 4 deaths related to methadone between 1967 and 1969. The number rose dramatically in 1970 to 22, in 1971 to 27, and in the first 10 months of 1972 to 37. Of those deaths in 1972, 17 were directly attributable to methadone, 15 were attributable to a combination of methadone and one or more other narcotic and dangerous drugs, and 5 were due to causes other than drugs but methadone was found by postmortem toxicology. | <urn:uuid:782d9b2a-977e-4823-9ab0-616b901855ef> | 2013-05-18T18:06:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Volume 28, Issue 2 (April 1983)
The Expert Witness and the Use of Videotape Recordings
Juror reaction to videotape in the courtroom, and specifically to videotape's effect on witness credibility, has been explored by various communication researchers. This paper summarizes some of the research on videotape in the courtroom, discusses some of the legal issues involved, and focuses on some of the specific uses of videotape for the expert witness. The pros and cons of using videotape are also explored. | <urn:uuid:d61d4ac9-67f9-4d0a-ad4d-d130621c2047> | 2013-05-18T17:59:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Astros reassigned some guys to Round Rock in advance of Sunday's deadline.
Russ Ortiz was named SP5, officially. Jason Smith is IF5.
Jose Capellan, Reggie Abercrombie, Chris Johnson, and Lou Santangelo were sent to The Rock.
Catching situation is as follows:
C1 - Pudge
C2 - Quintero
C3 - Towles
C4 - Santangelo
C5 - Palmisano
C6 - Castro | <urn:uuid:3bb84d82-b0e8-44d3-a623-09f67279f8d4> | 2013-05-18T17:18:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A collective biography of the nine children of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, who included King Edward VII; Victoria, Princess Royal, later Empress Frederick; and Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh
Buy your copy!
Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort, had nine children. Despite different characters and temperaments, they always remained a closely-knit, mutually supportive family group. Some married into European royal families and experienced the painful division of loyalties inevitable in the ever-changing world of 19th-century political and nationalist feeling. The life of Victoria, Princess Royal, later consort of the German Emperor Frederick III, was soured by the merciless opposition of Chancellor Bismarck and later her son, Emperor William II ('Kaiser Bill'). Similarly the marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, to a Russian Grand Duchess, gave Britain a dynastic alliance with a country whom she had defeated in the Crimean War, and nearly cause her to take up arms against her old enemy once more. Even the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, inadvertently provoked German anger by taking a Danish princess as his bride.
Yet their lives were not totally dominated by political controversy. All made their own contributions to public life in Britain and Europe. Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse, whose children included the last Tsarina of Russia, worked tirelessly throughout her tragically short life on behalf of welfare and educational services in Germany, an example which her younger sisters faithfully followed in England. Leopold, Duke of Albany, was an active patron of the arts, although he died at the early age of 31, while Arthur, Duke of Connaught, served with distinction in the army, and as Governor-General of Canada.
After the death of Edward VII in 1910, the four surviving children of Queen Victoria all lived through the family tragedy of the Great War; all but one witnessed the outbreak of Hitler's conflict in 1939, It was fortunate for Vicky (the Empress Frederick), Alice (Grand Duchess of Hesse) and Affie (Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg Gotha) that they had all died at comparatively early ages, for the heartbreak of being at war with the country of their birth would surely have been too heavy a burden for them to bear.
As it was, there would be distressing divisions of loyalty among the next generation. Charles, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, and Ernest, Grand Duke of Hesse, were sovereign princes in the Fatherland. Like Prince and Princess Henry of Prussia, they were on much more friendly terms with their easy-going relations in England than with the German Emperor and his sabre-rattling military entourage at the unbearably military Berlin court. But family ties counted for as little in 1914 as they had during Bismarck's ascendancy. Again, 'every family feeling was rent asunder'. | <urn:uuid:503ad294-90b3-47cf-aeb5-8b5471930144> | 2013-05-18T17:41:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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But, I'd really like to see you make your case for why D55 would be a better reference point white. I don't mind you having a "preference" as long as you can support it by logic and not 'well I just like it better my way.'
The reason is that once you go down that path, you might as well have no standards at all ... and soon thereafter you're in "Audiophile-Land," which is nothing but complete anarchy and super-secret mojo that only shamans with "golden-ears" can decode.
FWIW, I spent the day turning gamut graphs over in my noggin and ultimately I concluded that the only significant outcomes from using D55 instead of D65 would be that the peek brightness of the display would be reduced which would also reduce the on/off contrast ratio. Color rendition would not be affected either way (assuming that every DVD/BD title ever released were remastered/re-encoded based on a D55 whitepoint.)
And to keep this more on topic, I can guarantee if you tried D55 on an xxLK450 you'd lose a bunch of peek brightness. Red is already running on fumes at D65.
This is not *dogma* it's (relatively) simple math and science. 1+1=2 ... 2+2=4, etc, etc. So don't try to make it out as those "stuck up experts keep trying to telling me what's right." | <urn:uuid:1d99888a-cc82-42e8-92ed-c185c37f3f76> | 2013-05-18T17:17:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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