Split (1)

test · 14k rows

question stringclasses 1 value	subject stringclasses 57 values	choices listlengths 4 4	answer class label 4 classes
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "A presidential nominee selects a running mate who can appeal to voter groups whose support of the nominee is weak.", "A voter chooses the presidential nominee of one major party, but chooses congressional nominees of the other major party.", "A mayor orders the local police force to hand out fewer parking viol...	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Proliferation of many small parties", "A balance of power that favors the president over Congress", "A persistent third-party presence", "Development of a two-party system" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "granted women the right to vote", "banned race-based discrimination", "granted African-Americans the right to vote", "suspended the use of literacy tests at voting centers" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "determines both the rules of the House and conditions for legislative process", "plays a pivotal role in the management of the Library of Congress", "has jurisdiction over fisheries and wildlife", "determines what behavior is deemed ethical in the House" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "refuses to hear the appeal", "declares a mistrial", "orders the lower court to retry the case", "rules in favor of the defendant" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "I only", "I and II only", "I and III only", "II and III only" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "The preclearance provision of the Voting Rights Act", "Low levels of political efficacy among registered voters", "Regulations that require voters to show identification", "The frequency with which state and local elections occur" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "gerrymandering", "pork-barrel legislation", "the Sixteenth Amendment", "the franking privilege" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "mandamus", "habeas corpus", "strict constructionism", "the doctrine of incorporation" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "The candidate who wins the popular national vote", "The incumbent vice president of the United States", "Whomever is selected by the United States Supreme Court", "The candidate who wins the majority of votes in the House" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "voters select the winner by caucus instead of by individual ballots", "the election results are not binding", "any registered voter may participate, regardless of party affiliation", "voters may register to vote on the day of the election" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "redrawing congressional district boundaries", "electing a new state governor", "evaluating the physical accessibility of polling venues", "deciding where to construct new elementary schools" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "They displace one of the two major parties and become major parties themselves.", "They are ultimately abandoned by the public because their politics are perceived as too radical.", "Their supporters become frustrated and withdraw from the political process.", "They disintegrate when one or both of the major...	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Truman Doctrine", "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1961", "National Industrial Recovery Act", "Pendleton Act of 1883" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "president, Congress, and the Supreme Court", "electorate, Congress, and political action committees", "local, state, and federal governments", "federal bureaucracy, congressional committees, and lobbyists" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "A federal mandate", "A constitutional amendment", "Affirmative action", "Tort reform" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "appoint a nominee for the U.S. Supreme Court", "negotiate a treaty with another country", "declare a state of emergency following a natural disaster", "veto a bill passed by the U.S. Congress" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "prohibition on unreasonable search and seizures", "due process clause", "guarantee of privacy rights", "abolition of slavery" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "political parties can provide a check to the political influence wielded by corporations", "individuals believe that they can influence the government through participation in the democratic process", "the system of checks and balances ensures that the government is both efficient and productive", "politicia...	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Deploying troops", "Drafting appropriations bills", "Negotiating treaties", "Forcing Congress into session" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Only the House has the power to issue subpoenas.", "Only the Senate may introduce revenue bills.", "States are equally represented in the House, while representation in the Senate is proportional to population.", "The Senate allows unlimited debate, while the House does not." ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "resigns to take a position as a consultant to lobbying groups", "cedes control of his or her department to lifelong bureaucrats within the department", "places his or her department's priorities above the president's", "accepts bribes or expensive favors from businesses regulated by his or her department" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "distributing propaganda to media", "endorsing candidates for office", "socializing with government officials", "acquiring corporate campaign donations for candidates" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "a perception of the government as illegitimate", "a lack of true democracy", "a lack of minority representation", "an imposition of a fine on non-voters" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Delegates are generally more likely to register as third party voters at some point.", "The majority of the general population is more educated than the delegates.", "Delegates typically have little interest in politics.", "Typically, the general population is less ideological than the delegates." ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "judicial review", "the national census", "rules of impeachment", "the State of the Union address" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Every case appealed to the Supreme Court is ruled upon by the court.", "The court helps set the public agenda by deciding which appeals to hear.", "The court hears all cases when two or more justices agree that the case has merit.", "In deciding cases, the chief justice's vote counts as two votes." ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "due process of the law in any criminal case", "retain personal property unless justly compensated by the government", "not be subjected to excessive fines or unusual punishment", "petition the government for a redress of grievances" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "States have been prohibited from establishing voter identification requirements.", "Voters must now pass literacy tests before voting.", "Voting participation for racial minority voters has increased.", "The voting age was lowered from 21 to 18." ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "an iron triangle", "a conference committee", "a regulatory agency", "dual federalism" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "will review a lower court decision", "has rendered a decision on a case", "has decided not to hear an appeal", "will recess until the end of the calendar year" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "The electoral college", "Political parties", "Separation of powers", "The term length for members of Congress" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Vertical federalism", "Due process of law", "Comity", "Separation of powers" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Federal courts are higher courts than state courts and may overturn state decisions on any grounds.", "The two are entirely autonomous, and neither ever hears cases that originate in the other.", "The two are generally autonomous, although federal courts may rule on the constitutionality of state court decisio...	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "money loaned by the federal government to cities to fund school maintenance", "money given by the federal government to states without conditions", "money loaned by the federal government to a private company to prevent it from failing", "money given by the federal government to states to fund Head Start ear...	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "issues a writ of habeas corpus", "issues a writ of certiorari", "issues amicus curiae briefs", "engages in judicial review" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "They serve four-year terms that coincide with the presidential term.", "They are appointed for life and can only be removed by impeachment.", "They are elected by Congress and serve ten-year terms.", "They are appointed for life and cannot be removed from office." ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "be led by a group of commissioners representing both major political parties", "plan policy cooperatively with the appropriate congressional committees", "reapply for funding at the end of each fiscal year", "submit all planned policy changes to the president for approval" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "The responsibility for redrawing congressional districts belongs to congressional committees.", "It is a noncontroversial process because it has few political ramifications.", "It occurs every 10 years to reflect changes in population according to the census.", "The Supreme Court has ruled that legislators m...	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "The Federalist party platform during the presidency of John Adams, the first Federalist president", "A popular anti-British booklet of the pre-Revolutionary era", "A collection of essays arguing the merits of the Constitution", "A series of congressional acts defining the relationship between the federal and...	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "They are tried in civil court.", "The federal court system has exclusive jurisdiction over them.", "They are tried in criminal court.", "The state court system has exclusive jurisdiction over them." ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "They may only campaign for issues, not for individual candidates", "Their activities are not regulated by the Federal Election Commission (FEC)", "Their activities are limited to national presidential elections", "They raise money to influence federal, state, and local elections" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "violated the legislative process by which bills become laws", "allowed Congress to eliminate sections of legislation without a two-thirds majority", "gave states the ability to override federal legislation", "empowered Congress to nullify executive actions" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Plessy v. Ferguson", "McCulloch v. Maryland", "Gibbons v. Ogden", "Brown v. Board of Education" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Department of Education special acts and authorizations", "Justice department budgets", "Federal budget entitlements", "Department of Defense funding" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Peace Corps", "White House Office", "Senate Committee on Appropriations", "Cabinet" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "on appeal by state prosecutors", "under the \"double jeopardy\" provision of the Constitution", "because new evidence has voided the state-level verdict", "as civil liberties violations" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "less interested in influencing the outcome of elections", "less clearly identified with consistent political ideologies", "less effective at raising money from political supporters", "better able to reflect the goals of their entire constituencies" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "the president's nominees must be approved by the Senate before taking office", "two-thirds of the Senate must approve presidentially negotiated treaties", "the president can override a congressional veto and pass laws", "Congress can override a presidential veto" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "The rights of students to protest on a publicly funded campus", "In-class prayer at a publicly funded school", "The rights of students to carry concealed weapons on campus", "The use of racial quotas in public university admissions" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Decreasing liberal bias in the news media", "Increasing visibility for individual candidates on TV", "Increasing concentration of ownership in the news media", "Decreasing cost of political ads on TV" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "younger politicians who are more comfortable with the media are gradually displacing older politicians", "government regulations on interaction between the two groups are very strict", "each group is dependent on the other to perform its job effectively", "very few media outlets will cover a story that is em...	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Joint Chiefs of Staff", "House Ways and Means Committee", "Central Intelligence Agency", "president" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "negotiate treaties", "collect taxes", "establish a federal judiciary", "enforce its laws" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "First Amendment", "Sixth Amendment", "Ninth Amendment", "Fourteenth Amendment" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "restricting Senate membership to those who previously served in the House of Representatives", "delegating the responsibility for electing senators to the state legislatures", "requiring all spending bills to originate in the House of Representatives", "empowering the Senate to provide advice and consent to ...	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Only Congress can pass laws.", "A proposed amendment must be approved by two-thirds of the delegates in both houses of Congress.", "Congress can override a presidential veto if two-thirds of the House and Senate agree to do so.", "Congressional power over the bureaucracy is less than that of the president." ...	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "are appointed by presidents of the same political party", "have no prior judicial experience", "switch party affiliation during their term", "stay on the court for only a decade" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Because it included no enforcement provisions, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had no appreciable effect on school desegregation.", "By overturning the \"separate but equal\" principle, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public schools.", "The Civil Rights Act of 1964 hastened school desegregation ...	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "the winning candidate receives less than 50 percent of the popular vote", "candidates receive an equal number of electoral votes and the popular vote determines the winner", "the Senate declares the formal winner", "the winning candidate receives more than 50% of the popular vote" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "The executive and legislative branches working on legislation together", "The federal government granting power over a policy area to the states", "Governments working with businesses to address an issue", "State and federal governments working on the same issue" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "to representation by an attorney", "not to incriminate themselves", "to a speedy trial", "not to be punished excessively" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "President pro tempore", "Speaker of the House", "Congressional Management Foundation Chair", "Minority Whip" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "When there is a strong front-runner in a state, people in that state are less likely to vote.", "White-collar workers are more likely to vote than are blue-collar workers, with the exception of blue-collar workers who belong to unions.", "Voters who are registered as independent are less likely to vote than th...	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "All revenue bills must originate in the Senate before moving to the House.", "Representation in the House is allocated equally among the states, while representation in the Senate is allocated proportional to population.", "The Speaker of the House wields less power than the president pro tempore of the Senate...	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Although the Constitution empowers the federal government to regulate international trade, states may establish boycotts of goods imported from countries that use child labor.", "While the Congress creates laws, and the executive branch enacts and enforces those laws, only the Supreme Court may decide which laws...	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "peer pressure", "economic issues", "religious beliefs", "pressure from their employers" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "First Amendment", "Second Amendment", "Third Amendment", "Eighth Amendment" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "private businesses working as subcontractors to the government", "state and local governments, by means of federal funding", "Congress, through the local offices of its elected representatives", "the federal courts, by means of criminal prosecutions" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Forty percent", "Fifty-one percent", "Fifty-five percent", "Sixty percent" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "II only", "I and III only", "II and IV only", "I, II, and IV only" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Money provided to individuals to fund research projects", "Funds with few restrictions that are provided to state or local governments for general purpose use", "Funds distributed among states according to a set formula", "Money that can only be used for a specific purpose" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Commerce", "Ways and Means", "Education and the Workforce", "Resources" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Allowing states to decide how to meet federally mandated greenhouse gas emissions targets", "A \"race to the bottom\" in which states compete with one another to have the fewest environmental regulations", "A state that legalizes marijuana possession in conflict with federal law", "A state being prevented fr...	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Ways and Means", "Judiciary", "Ethics", "Rules" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "the New Federalism", "affirmative action programs", "Social Security benefits", "bills of attainder" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "win as many states as possible, regardless of the size of the states", "spend most of their time campaigning in the South", "campaign most aggressively among those who will be chosen as electors", "concentrate their campaign efforts on \"battleground\" states" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "A constitutional amendment to the contrary of a court decision", "The impeachment of a federal judge", "A governor's failure to enforce a court decision", "A national election recalling an unpopular judge" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "negotiate treaties", "veto legislation", "grant reprieves and pardons", "declare war" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "lack of a chief executive office", "national government's inability to levy taxes effectively", "absence of a central authority to regulate interstate trade", "omission of a universal suffrage clause" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "call special sessions of Congress", "introduce bills to the floor of Congress", "address Congress during its debate on bills", "vote on acts of Congress" ]	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Congress provides funds to the states, and the states decide how best to spend the money.", "Congress is allowed to fund these programs only when the federal government has a budget surplus.", "Congress must pay benefits to anyone who qualifies to receive them.", "Congress grants money to states, provided th...	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "They arose and succeeded during times of prosperity.", "They were created to protest wars.", "At some point they won a majority of seats in Congress.", "They flourished during periods of widespread dissatisfaction." ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Thomas Hobbes", "Niccolo Macchiavelli", "Jonathan Edwards", "John Locke" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "reapportionment of voting districts", "amendments to the Constitution", "conflict between states and the federal government", "delays in the confirmation of those nominated to be ambassadors" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Congressional oversight activities most often take place at the committee and subcommittee levels.", "State challenges to congressional oversight have severely weakened Congress's oversight powers.", "Congressional oversight is primarily directed at the judicial branch.", "Constituent input does not influenc...	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Fewer than 5% of petitions for writs of certiorari are granted by the Supreme Court.", "The Supreme Court grants writs of certiorari only when there is a \"circuit split.\"", "The lower court's ruling is overturned if the Supreme Court denies a writ of certiorari.", "Only the solicitor general may petition f...	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "an area that has a substantial community of non-English speakers, voters be provided with ballots in their native language", "an electoral district that has historically low voter turnout, polling places be open for longer than the typical work day", "a state with a budget deficit, a tax be collected from each...	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "proves U.S. politicians are not concerned about serving working-class constituencies", "is the result of government restrictions placed on the political activities of labor unions", "reflects the difficulty of unifying a party around a single issue in a \"winner-take-all\" format", "demonstrates that, in the...	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "presidential veto", "system of checks and balances", "states' power to challenge federal regulation", "Fourteenth Amendment" ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "House committees", "Senate committees", "The courts", "Bureaucratic agencies" ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "The Senate Judiciary Committee", "The Department of Justice", "The Department of State", "The Judge Advocate General's Corps" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	high_school_government_and_politics	[ "Constitutional prohibition of ex post facto laws", "incorporation of the Fifth Amendment through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment", "Eighth Amendment restriction against cruel and unusual punishment", "abolition of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment" ]	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	security_studies	[ "The responsibility to prevent.", "The responsibility to react.", "The responsibility to remain sovereign.", "The responsibility to rebuild." ]	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	security_studies	[ "Environmental challenges to economic growth, such as natural resource management and employment, leads to diversification and research which may in the long-term result in technological advancements that bolster military programs.", "Environmental changes can undermine national security in many ways; including w...	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	security_studies	[ "The global economy is interconnected, ensuring that energy security for one is dependent upon energy security for all. Thus all core powers have the same interests in maintaining and extending the conditions under which this market operates. As long as this economic order exists, conflict between major powers over...	0A
What is the correct answer among four choices?	security_studies	[ "Human security is neo-colonial.", "Human security promotes global capitalism.", "Human security is too broad.", "All of these options." ]	3D
What is the correct answer among four choices?	security_studies	[ "State responses to transnational crime have evolved in correlation to the increased threat posed to the integrity of the state. Organized crime has been regarded primarily as a national security threat to be addressed domestically. The institutionalized international approaches for information sharing have been pr...	1B
What is the correct answer among four choices?	security_studies	[ "The main disciplinary context for security studies theorizing was a move away from the disciplinary domination of political science toward multi-academe interaction from sociology, mathematics, psychology, natural and political sciences, and economics.", "Policy-academe developments have resulted in the modifica...	2C
What is the correct answer among four choices?	security_studies	[ "Fiscal Discipline: budget deficits of no more than 2 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP).", "Tax Reform: broadening the tax base, cut marginal tax rates, improve tax administration.", "Property Rights: legal reforms to secure property rights without excessive costs and to regularize the informal sector.",...	3D

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