Datasets:

essobi
/

trl_gair_lima_v17

messages listlengths 2 20	metadata unknown
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can brain cells move? By movement I mean long distance migration (preferably within the brain only)." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The question is relatively broad and one should take into account that the brain not only consists of neurons, but also glial ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In our computer systems lecture we were introduced to the MIPS processor. It was (re)developed over the course of the term and has in fact been quite easy to understand. It uses a RISC design, that is its elementary commands are regularly encoded and there are only few of them ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "In our computer systems lecture we were introduced to the MIPS processor. It was (re)developed over the course of the term and has in fact been quite easy to understand. It uses a RISC design, that is its elementary commands are regularl...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "\"Hey, can u show me a table file like CSV from the command line? It would be nice if it had horizontal and vertical scrolling.\"" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Sure, please take a look at csvkit. It provides a set of tools that adhere to the UNIX philosophy...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "View tabular file such as CSV from command line, having horizontal and vertical scrolling would be great.", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Slater type orbitals (STO) are considered to be more accurate than gaussian type orbitals (GTO) for atomic and molecular QM calculations because - among other reasons - they decay with e^-αr as r → ∞. But GTOs are more popular because they are easier to calculate with. GTOs dec...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Slater type orbitals (STO) are considered to be more accurate than gaussian type orbitals (GTO) for atomic and molecular QM calculations because - among other reasons - they decay with $e^{-\\alpha r}$ as $r \\to \\infty$. But GTOs are m...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I wanna know what ```git reset``` does. I'm from SVN and Git is a whole new ballgame. I got mercurial easy, but Git is way more technical. I think ```git reset``` is close to ```hg revert```, but they are different. Can you explain the options like ```--hard```, ```--soft```, a...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Explain what \"git reset\" does. I come from a SVN background and Git is a whole new paradigm. I got mercurial easily, but Git is much more technical.\nI think ```git reset``` is close to ```hg revert```, but it seems there are differenc...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I am lookin to use Java to get the MD5 checksum of a file. How is it done?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The com.google.common.hash API offers: * A unified user-friendly API for all hash functions\n* Seedable 32- and 128-bit implementations of murmur3\n* md...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am looking to use Java to get the MD5 checksum of a file.\nHow is it done?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What are the main issues Democrats have with a border wall?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "It's not clear to me that Democrats are opposed to border-wall construction (your one source suggests they are fine with border walls/fences where necessary), so much ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What are the primary objections Democrats have to a border wall?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm converting a vidio to GIF file with `ffmpeg`:\n`ffmpeg \\ -i input.flv \\ -ss 00:00:00.000 \\ -pix_fmt rgb24 \\ -r 10 \\ -s 320x240 \\ -t 00:00:10.000 \\ output.gif`\nIt works good, but output gif file has a very low quailty.\nAny idea how can I improve quailty of converted...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I'm converting a video to GIF file with ```ffmpeg```:\n```ffmpeg \\ -i input.flv \\ -ss 00:00:00.000 \\ -pix_fmt rgb24 \\ -r 10 \\ -s 320x240 \\ -t 00:00:10.000 \\ output.gif\n```\nIt works great, but output gif file has a very low quali...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Tor can only handle TCP connections, but DNS is a UDP protocol. How does Tor route DNS requests over its TCP based network? Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Tor clients do not, in general...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why dis throw NullPointerException? ```public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Boolean b = true ? returnsNull() : false; // NPE on dis line. System.out.println(b);\n}\npublic static Boolean returnsNull() { return null;\n}\n```\nwhile dis don't\n```public stati...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Why does this throw ```NullPointerException```\n```public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Boolean b = true ? returnsNull() : false; // NPE on this line. System.out.println(b);\n}\npublic static Boolean returnsNull() { ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How do DOS games like DOOM benefit from a PCI graphics card?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "DOOM itself doesn’t do anything special to benefit from PCI graphics cards. It runs faster with PCI graphics cards (and VLB, AGP, and PCI Express cards) than with ISA...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I need to be able to open a documnet using its default app in Windows and Mac OS. Basically, I want to do the same thing that happens when you double click on the documnet icon in Explorer or Finder. What is the best way to do this in Python?" }, { "role": "assistant", ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I need to be able to open a document using its default application in Windows and Mac OS. Basically, I want to do the same thing that happens when you double-click on the document icon in Explorer or Finder. What is the best way to do th...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why does PRC devalue its currency on purpose, but Turkey is worried about the devaluation of its currency?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Trade surplus/deficit\nDevaluing one's currency means mostly one thing: It becomes more expensive to import products fro...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is it wurrth patentin an algoritm if I don't have the money to defenf againt infringements?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "This is a great question, with no one right answer.\nThe strength of a patent comes from the ability to enforce it. If the patent owner...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is it worth patenting an algorithm if I don't have the money to defend against infringements?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "\"I have a ```String[]``` with values like this:\n```public static final String[] VALUES = new String[] {\"\"AB\"\",\"\"BC\"\",\"\"CD\"\",\"\"AE\"\"};\n```\nIf I have ```String s```, is there a fast way to check if ```VALUES``` has ```s```? How can I find out if an array has a ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "\"I have a ```String[]``` with values like so:\n```public static final String[] VALUES = new String[] {\"\"AB\"\",\"\"BC\"\",\"\"CD\"\",\"\"AE\"\"};\n```\nGiven ```String s```, is there a good way of testing whether ```VALUES``` contains...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does java castin' introdus' overhadd? Or the compiler jus' resolv' evryth'n and there's no cost at run time? Is this a gen'ral thing, or there's diff'rent cas's?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are 2 types of casting in Java: Implicit casting, when you ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Does Java casting introduce overhead? Or the compiler just resolves everything and there is no cost at run time?\nIs this a general things, or there are different cases?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How can I copi a string (e.g \"hello\") to the System Clipboard in C#, so next time I press CTRL+V I'll get \"hello\"?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are two classes that lives in different assemblies and different namespaces. * WinForms: use following...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "How can I copy a string (e.g \"hello\") to the System Clipboard in C#, so next time I press CTRL+V I'll get \"hello\"?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I wanna put a draft watermark usin the below script but the problem is that the watermark don't come over the images and I want it to come over it." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The problem is that the `draftwatermark` places the material in the background,...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I want to put a draft watermark using the below script but the problem is that the watermark don't come over the images and I want it to come over it.\n```\\usepackage{draftwatermark}\n\\SetWatermarkText{DRAFT}\n\\SetWatermarkScale{1}\n`...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Understandin th' Rails Autheticity Token" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "What is CSRF?\nThe Authenticity Token is a countermeasure to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). What is CSRF, you ask?\nIt's a way that an attacker can potentially hijack sessions withou...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Understanding the Rails Authenticity Token", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is FIFA against adding instan replay to the game?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are a few fundamental considerations: * Uncertainty is a part of the game. The referee and linesmen are the arbiters of the action. Instant replay would limit their au...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Why is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "If we should encrypt the message rather than the method of transfer, why do we care about wifi security? Is this just security theatre?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Network encryption protects against different set of threats than application layer encrypt...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Applyin filter in scip.signal: Use lfilter or filtfilt?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "\n* `filtfilt` is zero-phase filtering, which doesn't shift the signal as it filters. Since the phase is zero at all frequencies, it is also linear-phase. Filtering backwa...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Applying filter in scipy.signal: Use lfilter or filtfilt?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What do different people in the dept expect from a postdoc? By different people I mean the advisor, grad students and PhD students. I know it mainly depends on the job description but there are few basic things that a postdoc must be expected to do. How aggressive (proactive) m...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What do different people in the department expect from a postdoc?\nBy different people I mean the advisor, graduate students and PhD students.\nI know it mainly depends on the job description but there are few basic things that a postdoc...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can some1 explin2 me wht th `contentInset` prperty in a `UIScrollView` instnc is usd fr? And maybe gv an exmpl?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "While jball's answer is an excellent description of content insets, it doesn't answer the question of when to use i...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Can someone explain to me what the ```contentInset``` property in a ```UIScrollView``` instance is used for? And maybe provide an example?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How is ark define in TikZ?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "`\\draw (x,y) arc (start:stop:radius);` draws an arc * with radius `radius`\n* starts from `(x,y)`\n* with center `(x-rcos(start), y-rsin(start))` and\n* ends at `(x-rcos(start)+rcos(stop), y-r*si...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "How is arc defined in TikZ?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How to connect mysql workbench to runnint mysql insid docker?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "By default after deployment MySQL has following connection restrictions:\n```mysql> select host, user from mysql.user;\n+-----------+---------------+\n\| host \| user ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "How to connect mysql workbench to running mysql inside docker?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can meat spoil outside fridge if its baked into bread as a filling?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are two differences between your buns and a tin can.\nFirst, your buns were heated to a core temperature of under 100°C. Yes, your oven was probably set ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Can meat spoil outside the fridge if it's baked into bread as a filling?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm wonderin' how the XML Schema spec handles these cases: No maxOccurs given -> Is this the cardinality [1..1]? I suppose this is simply invalid? Is this the cardinality [0..2] or [1..2]? Is there an \"official\" def'n on how the XML Schema spec handles these cases?" }, { ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I'm wondering how the XML Schema specification handles these cases:\n```\n```\nNo maxOccurs given -> Is this the cardinality [1..1]?\n```\n```\nI suppose this is simply invalid?\n```\n```\nIs this the cardinality [0..2] or [1..2]?\nIs th...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Weres there any flyin dinosuars?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Birds are both flying dinosaurs and flying reptiles. Yes, that's potentially confusing. To understand the apparent contradiction, you have to understand how modern classification of organisms wo...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Were there any flying dinosaurs?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Hey, a table \"car\" has one-to-one relationship to tables \"electric_car\", \"gas_car\", and \"hybrid_car\". If a \"car\" is \"electric_car\", it can no longer appear in \"gas_car\" or a \"hybrid_car\", etc. Is it a bad practice to have several mutually exclusive one-to-one re...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Say, a table ```car``` has one-to-one relationship to tables ```electric_car```, ```gas_car```, and ```hybrid_car```. If a ```car``` is ```electric_car```, it can no longer appear in ```gas_car``` or a ```hybrid_car```, etc. Is it a bad ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I see a low use of Mathematica in Kaggle competitions. Why would one use the Wolfram Language versus R, Python, or Julia for machine learning? Besides prettier plots and the Manipulate function, do we have something that is useful for ML that other languages are lacking?" }, ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Im using wp_nav_menu and tryin to create custom output for the sub-level drop downs. I come across the \"items_wrap\" argument but there's really not much information as to what it is, how it works, and what kind of things can be done with it. What exactly is \"%1$s\" and \"%2$...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I'm using wp_nav_menu and am trying to create custom output for the sub-level drop downs. I came across the \"items_wrap\" argument but there's really not much information as to what it is, how it works, and what kind of things can be do...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I've noticed that people on YouTube and even on TV would sometimes say things like \"I used to take lots of coke a few years ago\" or \"I used to smoke weed daily until this and that\" or \"Yea, I smoke weed every once in a while,\" or \"I used to pirate games a lot when I was ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I've noticed that people on YouTube and even on TV would sometimes say things like \"I used to take lots of coke a few years ago\" or \"I used to smoke weed daily until this and that\" or \"Yea, I smoke weed every once in a while,\" or \...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Did two dissented Supreme Court justices agree that Trump was \"absolutly immune\" to the Manhattan DA's subpoena?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "If you are interested in the gory details, please see the full decision in Trump v. Vance. The first half of the...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Did two dissenting Supreme Court justices agree that Trump was \"absolutely immune\" to the Manhattan DA's subpoena?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Just curios, givin how hevily from Tolkien D&D drew, and the fact that games like Wizardry used Hobbits, is there a good design reason why Gygax and company used Halflings (a term that also appears in Tolkien) vice Hobbits as the term for our little friends?" }, { "role...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Just curious, given how heavily from Tolkien D&D drew, and the fact that games like Wizardry used Hobbits, is there a good design reason why Gygax and company used Halflings (a term that also appears in Tolkien) vice Hobbits as the term ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "My USB drive use 2 be originally 8GB when I bought it. I'm tryin to reformatted in Windows 7 by right clickin on the drive and selectin `Format...`. But the capacity only show 250MB. Is there somethin I can do to get the original size back? Maybe it get partitioned in a weired ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "My USB drive used to be originally 8GB when I bought it.\nI'm trying to reformatted in Windows 7 by right clicking on the drive and selecting ```Format...```. But the capacity only shows 250MB.\nIs there something I can do to get the ori...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I’m a Tor dev. I know the .onion addy is kinda like a pub key, but not much else (I guess). When no one knows the IP of the .onion addy, how do requests get to it? Are they bounced betw nodes in the P2P net till someone decrypts it with the right priv key?" }, { "role":...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am a Tor developer. I understand that the .onion address is a public key of sorts, but not much more than that (I can vaguely guess, though). When nobody knows the IP of the .onion address, how do requests reach it? Are they bounced be...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I have been offered a PhD position by an inexperienced professor in a great institution in Europe. Despite the fact that the institution is very strong in my area, since the position was offered by this particular professor, I would have to commit myself to working with him for...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have been offered a PhD position by an inexperienced professor in a great institution in Europe. Despite the fact that the institution is very strong in my area, since the position was offered by this particular professor, I would have...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is dere a phrase dat means \"to important\" an \"attractin too much attention\"?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There is the term \"overdominant\": From Collins dictionary: >overdominant [adjective] excessively dominant To begin with, the design aspect is th...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is there a phrase that means \"too important\" and \"attracting too much attention\"?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "This guy say that Olympic powerlifters working in the 1-6 rep range can increase strength without increasing muscle size. Trained Olympic lifters, for example, were shown over a two-year period to have significant strength increases with barely noticeable increases in muscle ma...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "This guy claims that Olympic powerlifters working in the 1-6 rep range can increase strength without increasing muscle size. > Trained Olympic lifters, for example, were shown over a two-year period to have significant strength increases...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What ar the major conzerns abot plantin trees to crete carhon ofssets?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Here are some common concerns about using tree planting projects to create carbon offsets: * The scheme actually has a net positive effect, both in the shor...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What are the major concerns about planting trees to create carbon offsets?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm wonderin how to gen uniformly distrptd points on the surfce of 3-d unit sphere? Also aftr genin thos pts, wht's the bst way to visulize nd chk if they re truly uniform on th surfc x^2+y^2+z^2=1?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "A standard method is to gene...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am wondering how to generate uniformly distributed points on the surface of the 3-d unit sphere? Also after generating those points, what is the best way to visualize and check whether they are truly uniform on the surface $x^2+y^2+z^2...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In Shutter Islnd, at the end of the movi Teddy had a chit with Chuck, in that scene Teddy told to Chuck as, Wich would be worse: To live as a monster, or to die as a good man? Whats the implicit meaning of this dialogue? Whos the monster as Teddy mentioned?\nAnd, whos a good ma...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "In Shutter Island, at the end of the movie Teddy had a chat with Chuck, in that scene Teddy told to Chuck as, Which would be worse: To live as a monster, or to die as a good man? What's the implicit meaning of this dialogue? Who's the mo...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "```#box { display: flex; width: 100px; margin: 0 -5px;\n}\n.item { background: gray; width: 50px; height: 50px; margin: 0 5px;\n}```" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "This solution will work for all cases even if there are multiple rows or any number of element...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "To set the minimal distance between flexbox items I'm using ```margin: 0 5px``` on ```.item``` and ```margin: 0 -5px``` on container. For me it seems like a hack, but I can't find any better way to do this. ```#box { display: flex; width...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is dere Git for data? The key improvement I'd want is to Diff/Merge more intelligently. e.g. in CSV rather than line vs line comparison, it would do cell vs cell.\nAnd ordering is usually not significant, e.g. rows in a CSV, whereas Git does care and presents the user with 'con...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is there a Git for data? The key improvement I'd want is to Diff/Merge more intelligently. e.g. in CSV rather than line vs line comparison, it would do cell vs cell.\nAnd ordering is usually not significant, e.g. rows in a CSV, whereas G...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I havin a prob wit where 2 put de submit button, on de left or de right. In researchin, I noticed dat many sites put buttons on de bottom right in dialogue boxes, an on de bottom left in forms.\nIt makes sence: in a dialogue box it seems 2 denote finality, bein in de endpointa ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have been puzzling over where to put the submit button, on the left or the right. In researching, I noticed that many sites put buttons on the bottom right in dialogue boxes, and on the bottom left in forms.\nIt makes sense: in a dialo...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is it even possible to update object's properties with ```setState```? Like this:\n```this.state = { jasper: { name: 'jasper', age: 28 },\n}\n```\nI tried: ```this.setState({jasper.name: 'someOtherName'});\n```\nand this:\n```this.setState({jasper: {name: 'someothername'}})\n``...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is it at all possible to update object's properties with ```setState```?\nSomething like:\n```this.state = { jasper: { name: 'jasper', age: 28 },\n}\n```\nI have tried: ```this.setState({jasper.name: 'someOtherName'});\n```\nand this:\n`...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What's the diff btw Non-Playah Charectahs (NPCs) and bots in videogames?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The key distinction is that a Bot represents an automated player; an NPC, by contrast, isn't playing the game at all. In general, an NPC is a part of the ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What is the difference between Non-Player Characters (NPCs) and bots in video games?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is there anything like \"static class\" in Java? What is the meaning of such a class. Do all the methods of the static class need to be \"static\" too? Is it required the other way round, that if a class contains all the static methods, shall the class be static too? What are s...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is there anything like ```static class``` in java? What is the meaning of such a class. Do all the methods of the static class need to be ```static``` too? Is it required the other way round, that if a class contains all the static metho...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "The Episode IV-VI movies never mention the Emperor's name. In Episodes I-III, we can guess that Darth Sidious will be the emperor, but what about Chancellor Palpatine? If the audience didn't know that he was Sidious, the impact of the reveal would be far different than if they ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "So, students in Gryffindor are supposed to represent bravery. How does Neville represent bravery, to the point in being accepted into the house. Ive always thought of his strongest traits being things like loyalty, willingness to work hard, etc, and these things would tend to p...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "So, students in Gryffindor are supposed to represent bravery. How does Neville represent bravery, to the point in being accepted into the house. I've always thought of his strongest traits being things like loyalty, willingness to work h...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Thix claiam was mad popular by being said in the movie The Social Network. It exactly says: > Did you know there are more people with genius IQs living in China than there are people of any kind living in the United States?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Thi...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "This claim was made popular by being said in the movie The Social Network. It exactly says: > Did you know there are more people with genius IQs living in China than there are people of any kind living in the United States?\n", "type...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm tryin to get my prog to print out \"banana\" from the dict. What's the easist way to do this?\nThis is my dict: prices = { \"banana\" : 4, \"apple\" : 2, \"orange\" : 1.5, \"pear\" : 3 }" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "As of Python 3.7, insertion order is...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am trying to get my program to print out ```\"banana\"``` from the dictionary. What would be the simplest way to do this?\nThis is my dictionary: ```prices = { \"banana\" : 4, \"apple\" : 2, \"orange\" : 1.5, \"pear\" : 3\n}\n```", ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Different coffee packs say different amounts of 'Robusta' and 'Arabica'? What do these words mean, and how does it change the taste of the coffee?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": " * One reason that the taste isn't as good for Robusta is that it has more caffe...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Different coffee packets advertise different amounts of 'Robusta' and 'Arabica'? What do these terms refer to, and how does it affect the taste of the coffee?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "So whenever we want to shoot our flash before taking a photo. we have to charge it first. What is the point of charging our flashes? Aren't their power directly supplied by the battery of our camera? Please answer for the built in flash on the 2000D and the traditional hot shoe...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "So whenever we want to shoot our flash before taking a photo. we have to charge it first.\nWhat is the point of the charging our flashes? Aren't their power directly supplied by the battery of our camera?\nPlease answer for the built in ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I need some ideas to keep us going after all the people lost their jobs. Im not in a management spot, just a leader, and want to help my team stay positive and working hard." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The situation you're describing is tough. Layoffs hav...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What are some strategies to maintain morale and productivity after massive layoffs? I am not in a managerial role, just a lead role, and am asking for myself and my fellow employees.", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexch...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Coz you could please clearly explain wat is the difference between correlation and convolution that is done by a filter on an image? I mean in terms of signal processing definition I know that convolution describes the output of an LTI system, that is if an LTI system produces ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Could you please clearly explain what is the difference between correlation and convolution that is done by a filter on an image? I mean in terms of signal processing definition I know that convolution describes the output of an LTI syst...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "24601 has devloped into being an iconic part of both the Les Miserables book and musical. Was that number special to him, or was it simply a random number he chose (I doubt it)?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Yes: it corresponds to the date of Hugo's concept...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "24601 has developed into being an iconic part of both the Les Miserables book and musical. Was that number special to him, or was it simply a random number he chose (I doubt it)?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Wht does Mikael Crichton use US Customary measurements in hard scifi?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Crichton used both imperial and metric, depending on the context.\nIn the course of one paragraph in The Sphere, he managed to use both! > \"Pacific coral gr...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Why does Michael Crichton use US Customary measurements in hard sci-fi?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How can horns, most of which have only three buttonz, play all their notes?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Put as simply as possible, horns are tubes. Blowing in special ways makes certain notes sound from those tubes. By changing one's embouchure, those not...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "How can horns, most of which have only three buttons, play all their notes?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm a big fan of worldbuilding. A common sight in science fiction is that aliens pretend to be human (for example in Third Rock from the Sun). Obviously if the aliens are advanced enough to disguise themselves as another species, there are much easier, simpler and less expensiv...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am a big fan of worldbuilding. A common sight in science fiction is that aliens pretend to be human (For example in Third Rock from the Sun). Obviously if the aliens are advanced enough to disguise themselves as another species, there ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I've looked at the list of surveys on scala-lang.org and noticed a weird question: \"Can you name all the uses of “_”?\". Can you? If yes, please do so here. Explanatory examples are appreciated." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The following is an explanation...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I've taken a look at the list of surveys taken on scala-lang.org and noticed a curious question: \"Can you name all the uses of “_”?\". Can you? If yes, please do so here. Explanatory examples are appreciated.", "type": "keyboard" ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "My university always asks we book a flight thru a travel agent, but the prices he gives me are about $50 higher than the prices I can get by online booking in the flight company's website. Why would a company want me to book a flight thru a travel agent if it is more expensive?...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "My university usually asks that we book a flight via a travel agent, but the prices he gives me are about $50 higher than the prices I can get by online booking in the flight company's website. Why would a company want me to book a fligh...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Laymans explanation of encryptions backdoors" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are two somewhat orthogonal concepts in backdooring encryption algorithms: * The backdoor can be explicit or implicit. An explicit backdoor is one that everybody knows it is th...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Layman's explanation of encryption backdoors", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I have a page where a scroll bar containing table rows with divs in them is dynamically generated from the database. Each table row acts like a link, sort of like you'd see on a YouTube playlist next to the video player.\nWhen a user visits the page, the option they are on is s...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Supose I have the geograhic coordinates of \"Saratoga, California, USA\" as\n```Latitude: 37°15.8298' N\nLongitude: 122° 1.3806' W\n```\nI know from here that in the case of latitude ```1° ≈ 69 miles``` and that longitude varies:\n```1° longitude = cosine (latitude) * length of...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Suppose I have the geographic coordinates of "Saratoga, California, USA" as\n```Latitude: 37°15.8298′ N\nLongitude: 122° 1.3806′ W\n```\nI know from here that in the case of latitude ```1° ≈ 69 miles``` and that longitude varie...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I have read many times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go to Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many \"paradises\" (whatever you may call it) exist? Citing Wikipedia: ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many \"paradises\" (whatev...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I noticed there's a binary exe ```/bin/echo``` on my Ubuntu MATE 17.04 syste. I thought, that's odd, becouse\n```$ type echo\necho is a shell builtin```\nCursory testing suggest that ```/bin/echo``` does the same sort of thing as the Bash builtin ```echo```: \n```$ /bin/echo fo...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I noticed that there is a binary executable ```/bin/echo``` on my Ubuntu MATE 17.04 system.\nI thought, that's odd, because\n```$ type echo\necho is a shell builtin```\nCursory testing suggests that ```/bin/echo``` does the same sort of ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "what's the differecne between javascript objects, classses and functionss?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "As you must already be aware by now there are no classes in JavaScript. Instead functions in JavaScript may be made to behave like constructors by prece...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "what's the difference between JavaScript objects, classes and functions?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In most introductery algorithum classes, notations like O (Big O) and Theta are introduced, and a student would typically learn to use one of these to find the time complexity. However, there are other notations, such as o, Omega and omega. Are there any specific scenarios wher...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "In most introductory algorithm classes, notations like $O$ (Big O) and $\\Theta$ are introduced, and a student would typically learn to use one of these to find the time complexity.\nHowever, there are other notations, such as $o$, $\\Om...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is Gaia workin around Earth orbit? Why not send it to Neptune's orbit?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Well, you thought about the spatial aspect of a parallax measurement, but not about the temporal one.\nGaia's intention is to measure 3D positions as we...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Why is Gaia operating around Earth orbit? Why not send it to Neptune's orbit?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I have a string representing a unix timestamp (i.e. \"1284101485\") in Python, and I'd like to convert it to a readable date. When I use ```time.strftime```, I get a ```TypeError```:\n```>>>import time\n>>>print time.strftime(\"%B %d %Y\", \"1284101485\")\nTraceback (most recen...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have a string representing a unix timestamp (i.e. "1284101485") in Python, and I'd like to convert it to a readable date. When I use ```time.strftime```, I get a ```TypeError```:\n```>>>import time\n>>>print time.strftime(&qu...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In Django, the convention is to put all of your static files (i.e css, js) specific to your app into a folder called static. So the structure would look like this:\n```mysite/ manage.py mysite/ --> (settings.py, etc) myapp/ --> (models.py, views.py, etc) static/\n```\nIn ```mys...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I am used to thinkin of finite-differences as a spcial case of finite-elements, on a very constraind grid. What are criteria to chose between finite-differences and finite-elements" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "It is possible to write most specific finite d...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am used to thinking of finite-differences as a special case of finite-elements, on a very constrained grid. What are criteria to choose between finite-differences and finite-elements", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexch...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How important is multithreading in the curren software industr?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "It is extremely important.\nWhat is more important though is to understand that multithreading is just one way to solve the asynchrony problem. The technical envir...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "How important is multithreading in the current software industry?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is it true dat da price of diamonds is based on a monopoly? An who actually runs/owns dis supposed monopoly? Is dis likely to affect diamond prices if I am interested in purchasing?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Yes, the De Beers Group of Companies is a dia...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is it true that the price of diamonds is based on a monopoly? And who actually runs/owns this supposed monopoly? Is this likely to affect diamond prices if I am interested in purchasing?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stack...

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GAIR/LIMA TRL Dataset

This dataset is a transformed version of the GAIR/LIMA dataset, specifically formatted for training with TRL (Transformers Reinforcement Learning).

Dataset Summary

This dataset contains conversations from the GAIR/LIMA dataset, transformed into a message-based format suitable for conversational AI training and reinforcement learning.

Key Transformations

Converted from Q&A format to multi-turn conversation format
Applied message-level transformations (HTML tag removal, whitespace normalization)
Filtered conversations based on quality criteria (length checks, content validation)
Preserved original metadata for reference and traceability

Dataset Structure

Each example contains:

messages: List of conversation turns, each with:
- role: Either "user" or "assistant"
- content: Message text
metadata: Original and derived metadata including:
- original_id: ID from original LIMA dataset
- answers_count: Number of answers in original format
- original_data: Preserved original fields

Splits

train: Training split (filtered LIMA train set)
test: Test split (filtered LIMA test set)

Creation Process

This dataset was created using the transformation pipeline defined in the ProblemGenerationAgent repository:

Loading: GAIR/LIMA dataset loaded from HuggingFace Hub
Transformation: Message-level transformations applied (HTML removal, whitespace normalization)
Filtering: Conversations filtered based on quality criteria:
- Minimum conversation length: 2 messages
- Minimum answer length: 50 characters
- Maximum answer length: 5000 characters
Output: Transformed conversations in message format

See transformation_report.json for detailed statistics about the transformation process.

See rejection_log.json for conversations that did not pass filtering criteria.

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load the dataset
dataset = load_dataset("essobi/trl_gair_lima")

# Access examples
for example in dataset["train"]:
    messages = example["messages"]
    metadata = example["metadata"]

License

This dataset follows the same license as the original GAIR/LIMA dataset: CC-BY-NC-4.0

Citation

Original GAIR/LIMA dataset:

@article{zhou2023lima,
  title={LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment},
  author={Zhou, Chunting and Liu, Pengfei and Xu, Puxin and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.11206},
  year={2023}
}

Disclaimer

This transformed dataset is provided as-is for research and educational purposes. The original LIMA dataset is subject to its own license and terms of use.

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Homepage:

GAIR/LIMA

Repository:

ProblemGenerationAgent

Paper:

LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment

Paper for essobi/trl_gair_lima_v17

LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment

Paper • 2305.11206 • Published May 18, 2023 • 27