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Even with the spread of democratic elections, the region’s leaders tend to come from the ranks of soldiers (Uganda, Rwanda, Zimbabwe), family dynasties (Togo, Kenya, etc), or university professors, lawyers, and economists (Ghana, Malawi, Liberia). Même la propagation d’élections démocratiques n’a pas empêché les leader... |
Now South Africa, the region’s economic engine and home to its most sophisticated universities, media, and corporations, has a former goat herder at its helm, a rare African leader with the common touch. Voilà maintenant que l’Afrique du Sud, moteur économique de la région et siège de nombreuses universités, sociétés e... |
Zuma is legendary for his ability to connect with ordinary people. La faculté de Zuma de se lier avec la population ordinaire est légendaire. |
He’s secure enough to dance and sing in public. Il est assez sûr de lui pour danser et chanter en public. |
He speaks the language of populism, raising hopes for the vast majority of South Africans who daily endure the misery of poor housing, schools, and health care. Il parle une langue populiste et donne de l’espoir à la grande majorité de Sud-africains qui vivent dans de misérables conditions en terme de logement, d’éduca... |
In contrast to his two predecessors – the saintly Nelson Mandela, who emphasized racial healing, and the aristocratic Thabo Mbeki, who reassured financiers with his strong grasp of macroeconomics – Zuma recognizes the pent-up demand for material improvement in the lives of his country’s tens of millions of have-nots. “... |
Until now, populism has been the missing note in African political culture. Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, le populisme faisait défaut à la culture politique africaine. |
Zuma, who spent his youth herding cattle and only gained formal education while in the notorious Robben Island prison with Mandela, is refreshingly aware that Africa’s biggest problem is its inequalities, not its global marginalization. Zuma, qui a passé sa jeunesse à garder des troupeaux sans recevoir d’éducation form... |
In Africa’s wealthiest nation – but also the nation where wealth is most unequally shared – a bold populist now holds ultimate power over government policy. Cet impudent démagogue détient désormais le pouvoir absolu sur la politique du gouvernement du pays africain le plus riche - qui est aussi la nation où les richess... |
Yet, while Zuma’s populist appeal reflects South Africa’s especially large differences in economic class, the threat of imposing higher taxes and other obligations on employers and the wealthy has raised fears at home and internationally. Mais, tandis que le populisme de Zuma se fait le reflet des énormes disparités su... |
Moreover, Zuma has been called a chameleon, accused of telling his audiences what they want to hear. En outre, Zuma, surnommé le «caméléon», est accusé de dire à son public ce que ce dernier souhaite entendre. |
Zuma’s turbulent personal life – many wives and his embarrassing contention during a rape trial that he avoided HIV infection by taking a shower – has invited ridicule. Sa vie privée pour le moins sulfureuse – de nombreuses femmes et une déclaration embarrassante lors de son jugement pour viol précisant qu’il s’était p... |
Most seriously, doubts persist about his commitment to democracy, with critics arguing he’s an old-style African “big man” ready to bully opponents and ravage the public coffers with his cronies. Qui plus est, des doutes demeurent sur son engagement démocratique, lorsque les critiques le traitent de «grand homme» afric... |
Dismissing complaints, Zuma insists, “There’s no cloud around me.” Pour dissiper les plaintes, Zuma insiste: «Aucun nuage ne [l’]entoure». |
His defenders, meanwhile, point to two benefits that he has already delivered: an end to Mbeki’s ambivalent approach to fighting HIV/AIDS, the country’s major public health threat, and a refreshing willingness to move against Zimbabwe’s aged dictator, Robert Mugabe, whom Mbeki coddled out of a misguided sense of loyalt... |
In an Africa bereft of successful populist politicians, Zuma’s role models may come from Latin America, where income inequality is also extreme and the trade-union movement, as in South Africa, is strong and militant. Dans une Afrique privée de démagogues à succès, Zuma s’est sûrement inspire des personnalités d’Amériq... |
With enormous pressure from ordinary people to deliver tangible gains, Zuma the populist will quickly face a major test: will he emulate Lula of Brazil, who has struck an admirable balance between good economic governance and re-distribution of wealth to the poor? Zuma, l’ami du peuple, va vite être mis à l’épreuve par... |
Or will he follow the path of Hugo Chávez, a popular autocrat who seems to prefer building a cult of personality over raising living standards for the poor. Empruntera-t-il le chemin de Hugo Chávez, autocrate populaire qui préfère, semble-t-il, cultiver le culte de sa personnalité plutôt que d’augmenter le niveau de vi... |
The stakes for Africa are enormous. Pour l’Afrique, les enjeux sont considérables. |
South Africa has the continent’s largest economy and, until the global financial crisis, posted 10 years of steady economic growth. L’Afrique du sud possède la plus forte économie du continent et, jusqu'à la crise financière mondiale, a affiché 10 ans durant une belle croissance économique. |
In an economic slowdown, the country’s severe crime problem might only worsen; so might unemployment, which already tops 20% in the formal economy. Par temps de récession, la grande question de la criminalité dans se pays, ne pourrait qu’empirer, à l’instar du chômage, qui dépasse les 20% d’une économie traditionnelle. |
Zuma senses the urgency of the situation. Zuma ressent l’urgence de la situation. |
He is, after all, 67 years old and likely to serve only a single term in office. “We can’t waste time,” he says. Après tout, il a 67 ans et ne servira probablement qu’un seul mandat. «Nous ne pouvons nous permettre de perdre du temps» a-t-il déclaré. |
Yet, according to the political economist Moeletsi Mbeki, at his core, “Zuma is a conservative.” In this sense, Zuma represents yesterday’s South Africa. Toutefois, d’après l’économiste politique Moeletsi Mbeki, au fond, «Zuma est un conservateur.» Vu sous cet angle, Zuma représente l’Afrique du Sud d’hier. |
He is part of the proud generation that defeated apartheid – and then peacefully engineered a transition to durable black-majority rule. Their achievement remains one of the greatest in recent history. Il fait partie de la génération fière d’avoir vaincu l’apartheid, puis d’avoir opéré une transition pacifique vers une... |
At the same time, Zuma’s revolutionary generation still seems uneasy leading South Africa in a post-apartheid era that is now 15 years old. Mais il semblerait cependant que cette génération révolutionnaire rencontre des difficultés à diriger l’Afrique du Sud 15 ans après la fin de l'apartheid. |
In a region that reveres the elderly, Zuma’s attachment to his rural traditions must be matched by an equal openness to the appetites of the country’s youth. Dans une région qui révère les personnes âgées, l’attachement de Zuma aux traditions rurales doit être compensé par autant d’ouverture à l'appétit des jeunes du p... |
Three in ten South Africans are younger than 15, meaning that they did not live a day under apartheid. 3 Sud-africains sur 10 ont moins de 15 ans, ce qui signifie qu’ils n’ont pas connu l’apartheid. |
Somehow Zuma must find a way to honor his own generation’s commitment to racial justice and national liberation, while empowering the masses who daily suffer the sting of class differences and yearn for material gain. D’une manière ou d’une autre, Zuma doit trouver un moyen d’honorer l’engagement de sa propre génératio... |
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