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https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309753
3
The question is related to Taft's Theorem about G-invariant radical complements. Let $A$ be an associative unitary finite-dimensional $K$-Algebra posessing a separable factor Algebra by ist nilradical. Suppose $G$ is a finite group such that the order of $G$ is not divisible by the characteristic of $K$ and $G$ is acti...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/57804
Operation of a p'-group on a set of p-power order and fix points
I think the guess in your comment is correct: There is the following result of Glauberman: > > **Theorem** (Glauberman). Let the finite group $G$ act on the finite group $N$ by automorphisms, where $(\lvert G \rvert, \lvert N \rvert ) = 1$. Let both $G$ and $N$ on a set $\Omega$, where the action of $N$ is transiti...
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/10266
309774
134,862
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309726
7
Let $X=(X,d\_X)$ and $Y=(X,d\_Y)$ be metric spaces and $\varphi: X\rightarrow Y$ be an $L$-Lipschitz map, with $0 \le L < \infty$. Suppose $\mu$ is a probability measure on $X$ which satisfies *Talagrand transportation-cost inequality*, namely > > There exists a constant $c\_\mu > 0$ such that > $$ > W(\nu,\mu) \l...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/78539
Transportation-cost inequality for pushforward measure
The result you want (but of course with $c\_{\varphi\_\#\mu} \le L^2 c\_\mu$ rather than $c\_{\varphi\_\#\mu} \le L c\_\mu$) is Lemma 2.1 in the paper at <https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0410172>
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/36721
309775
134,863
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309770
7
Let $R$ be the ring $\mathbf{C}\times\mathbf{C}$, and consider the affine line $\mathbf{A}^1\_R$. $\mathbf{A}^1\_R$ can be given the structure of additive group scheme over $R$, denoted $(\mathbf{G}\_a)\_R$. $(\mathbf{G}\_a)\_R$ carries a functorial multiplicative action of $R$ making it into an $R$-module object ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/nan
Vector space objects in schemes - confusion
Briefly, $\mathbb{A}^1\_R$ is not a vector space over $\mathbb{A}^1\_\mathbb{C}$ in a natural way. Strictly speaking, saying that $\mathbb{A}^1\_R$ is a ring object in schemes in not precise. What is correct is that the morhpism $\mathbb{A}^1\_R\to \mathrm{Spec} R$ (adjoint to $R\to R[T]$) is a ring object in the ca...
10
https://mathoverflow.net/users/86006
309777
134,865
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309771
3
Five simply connected closed 4-manifolds are known to admit Riemannian metrics with nonnegative sectional curvature: $$\mathbb{S}^4,\,\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^2,\,\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{S}^2,\,\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^2\#\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^2,\,\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^2\#\overline{\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^2}.$$ Hypothetically, t...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/9833
Complex surfaces not admitting nonnegative sectional curvature metrics
Gromov proved that there is a constant $C(n)$ such that any complete $n$-manifold $M$ of non-negative curvature satisfies $dimH\_\*(M)\leq C(n)$. Where $C(n)\leq 10^{3n^4+9n^3+6n^2}$. For details reference look at Theorem 3.19 <https://www.math.upenn.edu/~wziller/math660/TopogonovTheorem-Myer.pdf> And that will give ...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/33064
309779
134,866
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309790
3
We know [$H^d(\mathbb{RP}^5,\mathbb{Z}\_2)=\mathbb{Z}\_2$](https://topospaces.subwiki.org/wiki/Cohomology_of_real_projective_space#Coefficients_in_a_module_over_a_2-divisible_ring). So there are two classes of $\mathbb{Z}\_2$ generators, trivial and nontrivial, for $d=0,1,2,3,4,5$. Wha are the Poincaré dual $(5-d)$-d...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/27004
Poincaré dual of the generators of $H^d(\mathbb{RP}^5,\mathbb{Z}_2)$
Yes, all of them are true.$\newcommand{\RP}{\mathbb{RP}}\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb Z}$ First, let's show $\RP^4\subset\RP^5$ is Poincaré dual to $a\in H^1(\RP^5;\Z/2)$. In this case only, there's a nice geometric shortcut: $a$ determines a principal $\Z/2$-bundle $P\to\RP^5$ with $w\_1(P) = a$, unique up to isomorphism....
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/97265
309793
134,870
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309795
-5
In <https://plus.google.com/108432079989441783124/posts/LHewqvcj5Xo> T. Abderrahman explains what Borromean rings are. As I noticed in a comment, the underlying order structure is the same as in Condorcet's paradox, and as a former student in physics, I wonder if this structure could explain why in quantum chromodynami...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/13625
Borromean rings, Condorcet's paradox and Quantum chromodynamics
[Brunnean links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunnian_link)--in which cutting any component knot leads to the separation of all component knots--exist for any $n>0$ (not just $n=3$ for Borromean links) and Condorcet's paradox also holds for any $n>2$, so any possible relation between them is irrelevant to the specifi...
7
https://mathoverflow.net/users/89654
309796
134,871
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309756
11
If $U$ is a selective ultrafilter on $\omega$, then $U$ generates an ultrafilter in $V^{\mathbb S}$, where ${\mathbb S}$ is Sacks forcing. The same is true with ${\mathbb S}$ being replaced by ${\mathbb S}\_n$, the product of $n$ copies of Sacks forcing, $n<\omega$ (Halpern and Pincus, 1981), and I can see a proof of t...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/114509
Countable support product of Sacks forcings and selective ultrafilters
The collection of possible large sets is analytic, namely: $\{A\subset \omega: \forall i<\omega\ \exists U\_i\subset T\_i \text{ $U\_i$ is perfect and } f\restriction \bigcup\_{n\in A}\Pi\_{i<\omega} U\_i(n) \text{ is constant}\}$ (here we can assume the length of the roots of $T\_i$ goes to infinity so the coloring $f...
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/23835
309800
134,873
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309801
5
In one step of solving a difficult problem, I would like to know the largest eigenvalue of a matrix with this pattern: $$A\_n = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 &\dots & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&\dots & 1 \\ 0 & 1 &2 &2 &\dots &2\\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & \dots& n-1 \end{bmatr...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128503
Largest Eigenvalue of a Matrix with Special Form in terms of n
Your matrix has entries given by $a\_{ij}=\min(i,j)$, where $0\le i,j\le n-1$. Have a look at Section 3 of [this paper of mine](https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.4107v2) for a derivation of explicit bounds.
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8430
309802
134,874
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309066
7
Many years ago, Grinberg found some uniquely-hamiltonian $3$-connected graphs, and published his results in a paper that has been cited several times as follows. > > E. Grinberg, Three-connected graphs with exactly one Hamiltonian cycle, Republican Foundation of Algorithms and Programmes, Computing centre. P. Stuts...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1492
Grinberg's uniquely hamiltonian 3-connected graphs (Russian paper)
I have now resolved most of the mysteries, and as MO prompts me to answer my own question, I am now doing so even though it feels a bit odd. After some false starts with expired email addresses, I managed to contact Dainis Zeps in Latvia, who kindly filled in the missing details. Basically Zeps and Grinberg were wo...
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1492
309806
134,875
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309636
3
Let $f:X\to Y$ be a proper surjective holomorphic map between two $n$-dimensional connected complex manifolds $X$ and $Y$. $X$ is called a proper modification of $Y$ if there are nowhere dense compact analytic subsets $E\subset X$ and $S\subset Y$ such that the following hold: (1) $f(E)\subset S$. (2) $f$ maps $X\set...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128428
Proper modifications of $\mathbb{C}^{n}$
No. A counterexample to your question is given by a blow-up at point in $\mathbb C^n$ followed by a blow-up along a compact submanifold contained in the exceptional divisor of the first blow-up.
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/35428
309807
134,876
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309785
8
The notion of a stationary set is peculiar in that it applies to subsets of certain very particular posets -- ordinals or powersets. At least to a non-set-theorist, the situation seems to beg for the relevant properties of these posets to be abstracted. I'm wondering if this has been done before. As evidence that it's ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/2362
Stationarity and Fodor's lemma for a (nice) poset?
You may look at the paper [Regressive functions and stationary sets](https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0103112) by Karsten Steffens (In: Müller G.H., Scott D.S. (eds) Higher Set Theory (Proc. Conf., Math. Forschungsinst., Oberwolfach, 1977), pp. 423–435. Lecture Notes in Mathematics **669** (1978)): Review [from Mathscinet]...
13
https://mathoverflow.net/users/11115
309810
134,878
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/307283
4
If $P(z)$ having no zeros in $|z|<1,$ then $$\frac{\max\_{|z|=1}|P'(z)|}{\max\_{|z|=1}|P(z)|}\leq \frac{n}{2}.$$ Can we prove this by induction on $n$? or is there any alternative way? --- Attempt at a proof: let us try to show that the inequality holds by induction on the degree $n$ of the polynomial $P(z)$. ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/127229
Induction principle on proving an inequality
The statement is known in the literature as the **Theorem of Erdős and Lax**. It was conjectured by Erdős and first proved by Lax. Later additional proofs were given by de Bruijn, Aziz--Mohammad, Rahman, and Boas. The proofs of these authors do not use induction. 1. A. Aziz and Q. G. Mohammad: [*Simple Proof of a ...
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/296
309827
134,883
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309820
9
$\newcommand{\Q}{\Bbb Q} \newcommand{\N}{\Bbb N} \newcommand{\R}{\Bbb R} \newcommand{\Z}{\Bbb Z} \newcommand{\C}{\Bbb C} \newcommand{\F}{\Bbb F} \newcommand{\p}{\mathfrak{p}} $ Let $A$ be an abelian variety over a number field $F$. It is expected that the $L$-function of $A$ has analytic continuation to $\Bbb C$ and sa...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/84923
Analogue of the original Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for abelian varieties
$\newcommand{\p}{\mathfrak{p}}$By Theorem 6.3 of [this paper by Keith Conrad](http://www.math.uconn.edu/~kconrad/articles/eulerprod.pdf), strong conjectures about $L(A,s)$ (stronger than GRH for this $L$-function, but still "believable"), imply that $$ \prod\_{N\p\le x}L\_{\p}(A,N\p^{-1}) \sim C (\log x)^r $$ where $...
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/40821
309828
134,884
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309494
8
Let $\mathfrak{t}$ be the least ordinal such that $L\_{\mathfrak{t}}$ has undefinable ordinals; i.e. there is an $\alpha<\mathfrak{t}$ such that $L\_{\mathfrak{t}}$ cannot define $\alpha$. This ordinal is quite large, but may have countable bounds under certain conditions. Because this ordinal is at most $\omega\_1$ ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/115951
Is the smallest $L_\alpha$ with undefinable ordinals always countable?
${\mathfrak t}$ is the least $\beta$ such that there is a $\gamma<\beta$ with $L\_\gamma \prec L\_\beta$. That ${\mathfrak t} \leq$ the least such $\beta$ is obvious. On the other hand, if $X \subset L\_{\mathfrak t}$ is $\subseteq$-least with $X \prec L\_{\mathfrak t}$, then $X \not= L\_{\mathfrak t}$; hence if $\sigm...
12
https://mathoverflow.net/users/114509
309829
134,885
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309791
9
For $U\_q(\frak{g})$ the Drinfeld--Jimbo quantum group, its category of representations is equivalent to the category of representations of $U(\frak{g})$, or equivalently the category of Lie algebra representations of $\frak{g}$. Both categories have an obvious monoidal structure, what is not obvious is if this is an e...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/121660
Monoidal Equivalence for Drinfeld--Jimbo Quantum Groups
For simplicity let’s just do the $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$ case. Let X be the 2-dimensional natural representation. From the fusion rules, $\mathrm{Hom}(X \otimes X,1)$ and $\mathrm{Hom}(1, X \otimes X)$ are one-dimensional. Choose a map in each normalized such that the zig-zag is the identity: $$X = X \otimes 1 \rightarrow X...
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/22
309831
134,887
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309013
21
Several good references dedicated to hyperbolic groups have been written until 1990, including: * *Hyperbolic groups*, written by M. Gromov. * *Géométrie et théorie des groupes : les groupes hyperboliques de Gromov*, written by M. Coornaert, A. Papadopoulos and T. Delzant. * *Sur les groupes hyperboliques de M. Gromo...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/122026
Modern references on hyperbolic groups
I think this is a great question, as there is still a need for an authoritative reference about (word-)hyperbolic groups. Since the textbook doesn't exist, I'd like to take the question in a slightly different direction by listing some of the material I think it should cover. (This is inevitably a personal and biased a...
22
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1463
309841
134,892
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309821
3
**Definition.** A closed subset $S$ of a topological space $X$ is called a *separator* between points $x,y\in X\setminus S$ if the points $x$ and $y$ belong to different connected components of $X\setminus S$. A separator $S$ is called an *irreducible* separator between $x$ and $y$ is $S$ coincides with each closed sep...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/61536
Does each separator between points of a continuum contain an irreducible separator?
No. Consider the subset $X$ of $\mathbb{R}^2$ consisting of the union of line segments beginning at $(0,0)$ and ending at $(1,2^{-n})$ for $n\geq 0$ or $(1,0)$. Let $x=(0,0)$ and $y=(1,0)$ and consider the separator $S$ consisting of points of the form $(\frac{1}{2},2^{-n-1})$ or $(\frac{1}{2},0)$. I claim that $S$ is ...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/83901
309848
134,895
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309845
2
Let $(X\_n)\_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ be a sequence of strictly positive and identically distributed random variables and let $\beta\le 1$. I am trying to prove that > > $$ > 0<\lim\_{\beta\rightarrow 1}(1-\beta)\sum\_{n=0}^{\infty}\beta^nX\_n <\infty. > $$ > > > I have already shown that the limit is finite if $\ma...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/52978
Divergence rate of geometric sum of random variables
$\newcommand{\be}{\beta} \newcommand{\E}{\operatorname{\mathsf E}} $ Note that $\mu:=\E X\_1\in(0,\infty]$. Suppose first that $\mu<\infty$. Then, for $\be\uparrow1$, \begin{align\*} (1-\be)\sum\_{n=0}^{\infty}\be^n X\_n &=(1-\be)^2\sum\_{n=0}^\infty X\_n\sum\_{j=n}^\infty\be^j \\ & =(1-\be)^2\sum\_{j=0}^\inft...
1
https://mathoverflow.net/users/36721
309849
134,896
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309813
4
Let $n\ge 3$ and $X$ be a compact connected $n$-manifold (without boundary). I need a reference to the following facts (which I believe are true at least in dimension $n=3$): **Fact 1.** For every closed connected subset $A\subset X$ that can be embedded to $\mathbb R^{n-1}$ the complement $X\setminus A$ is connect...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/61536
The homological negligibility of certain subsets in compact manifolds
Restating my comment above (which linked to another MO post): For an open subspace $U\subset X$ there is a long exact sequence (via the normal LES for the pair $(X,X-U)$ and excision) $$ \cdots\to H^\ast\_c(U) \to H^\ast\_c(X) \to H^\ast\_c(X-U) \to H^{\ast+1}\_c(U)\to\cdots$$ and Poincaré duality with compact suppor...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/12310
309854
134,899
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309855
2
Let $A$ be a $\sigma$-unital $C^\*$-algebra and $A\_s:=A\otimes K$ its stabilization (where $K$ is the algebra of compact operators on a separable Hilbert space). Is it true that there exist an approximation of unity $P\_n\in A\_s$ with $P^\*\_n=P\_n=P\_n^2$, in general?
https://mathoverflow.net/users/nan
Approximation of unity by projectors
What if $A=C\_0([0,1))$, the continuous functions $f:[0,1]\rightarrow\mathbb C$ with $f(1)=0$? Then $A\otimes K = C\_0([0,1), K)$ the space of norm continuous $f:[0,1]\rightarrow K$ with $f(1)=0$. Then, if $f=f^\*=f^2$ then $f(s)=f(s)^\* = f(s)^2$ for each $s\in [0,1]$. Thus $f(s)$ is a projection for each $s$, so $\...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/406
309866
134,903
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309852
3
I am working on a proof of correctness for an algorithm I came up with. I encountered the following problem en route. I would appreciate if anyone had some idea or could point me to the relevant literature. Consider a random variable $X$ distributed hypergeometrically with parameters $(n,m,i)$, i.e., $$p\_X(x)=\fra...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128529
Lower bound on the sum of pmf squared of a hypergeometric distribution
Suppose that $i=n-i=m$ (so that $n=2m$) and $m$ is even; I suppose that such $i$ and $m$ you consider relevant. Then \begin{equation} p\_X(x)=\binom mx^2\Big/ \binom{2m}m\le\binom m{m/2}^2\Big/ \binom{2m}m \asymp\frac{(2^m/\sqrt m)^2}{2^{2m}/\sqrt m}=\frac1{\sqrt m}\asymp\frac1{\sqrt n}, \end{equation} whence \beg...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/36721
309871
134,905
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309837
5
Let $S$ be some base scheme, $H$ a finite flat group scheme over $S$, and $\alpha: \mu\_p \to H$ a homomorphism of group schemes ($p$ a prime). Is the kernel of $\alpha$ necessarily flat over $S$? (I know that kernels of general homomorphisms of FFGS $G \to H$ need not be flat, but I don't know of a counterexample wh...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/2481
Kernels of homomorphisms of group schemes
This holds for any homomorphism $f: G\to H$ with $G$ of multiplicative type and of finite type, and $H$ separated and finitely presented. Here I assume that by "finite flat" you mean "finite locally free". Reference: SGA3, IX, Thm 6.8.
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/7666
309872
134,906
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309228
7
Consider the real diagonal $4\times 4$ - matrix $$I\_{2,2}={\rm diag}(1,1,-1,-1)$$ and the corresponding special unitary group $$ G={\rm SU}(2,2)=\{g\in {\rm SL}(4,{\mathbb{C}})\ |\ g\cdot I\_{2,2}\cdot \bar g ^{\rm tr}=I\_{2,2}\}.$$ We regard $G$ as an algebraic group over ${\mathbb{R}}$. It is known that $G$ is q...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/4149
Explicit description of SU(2,2)/U
I guess your variety is just the variety of pairs of ${\mathbb C}$-linearly independent vectors in ${\mathbb C}^4$ that are isotropic with respect to this Hermitian form and orthogonal to each other. Respectively, the twisted form is the same variety but for another Hermitian form (and if the form is not hyperbolic, th...
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/5107
309874
134,907
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309875
8
Let $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ be the algebraic closure of $\mathbb{Q}$. The absolute galois group $G\_\mathbb{Q}$ of $\mathbb{Q}$ acts on the set of real-closed subfields of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$. > > Does it act transitively? > > > The real-closed subfields are in bijection with the involutions of $G\_\mathbb...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/12419
Are all real-closed subfields of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ conjugate?
Any real-closed subfield $R\subseteq\overline{\mathbb Q}$ is a real closure of $\mathbb Q$ (being real closed and algebraic over $\mathbb Q$). Thus, by uniqueness of real closures, any two such fields are isomorphic, and an isomorphism of $R$ to $R'$ extends to an isomorphism of $R(i)=\overline{\mathbb Q}$ to $R'(i)=\o...
12
https://mathoverflow.net/users/12705
309878
134,908
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309747
4
I want to solve the following non-linear matrix equation for $X\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$: \begin{equation} XX^{\top}+ABX^{\top}-A=0 \qquad (1) \end{equation} For a given matrices $A\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}, B\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$ and $A=A^{T}, A\succeq0$. Is there a known stable numerical solution for (1)...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128477
Non-linear matrix equation
I'll give an explicit expression for a family of solutions to your first problem (the more general one without the symmetry constraint). Let us use Robert Israel's suggestion as in your last edit, and start from \begin{equation} XX^{\top}+\frac{1}{2}ABX^{\top}+\frac{1}{2}XB^{\top}A-A=0 \tag{4} \end{equation} You c...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1898
309879
134,909
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309718
1
Let $Z = X\cap Y\subset\mathbb{C}^N$ be a manifold given as the intersection of two manifolds $X,Y$ intersecting transversally along $Z$. Let $T\_p^kX,T\_p^kY,T\_p^kZ$ be the $k$-osculating spaces at $p\in Z$ of $X,Y,Z$ respectively. Is it true that $T^k\_pZ = T^k\_pX\cap T^k\_pY$? I know the answer is positive for $...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/nan
Osculating spaces of intersection of two varieties
No, it does not hold for higher order osculating spaces. In the projective space $\mathbb{P}^{5}$ consider two complementary subspaces $\mathbb{P}^1,\mathbb{P}^3$, and let $C\subset\mathbb{P}^3$ be a degree $3$ rational normal curve. Fixed an isomorphism $\psi:\mathbb{P}^1\rightarrow C$ we consider the rational norma...
0
https://mathoverflow.net/users/14514
309885
134,911
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309876
2
The idea to construct a heat kernel is first construct a parametric in a small neighbourhood. Then use a bump function to extend it. And do convolution iteratively. (Reference: Laplacian on a Riemannian manifold [ROSENBERG].) My question is will it spread all over the whole manifold? It seems that the bump function c...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/90295
Heat kernel on Riemannian manifold
This bump function is not supported on an arbitrary neighborhood, but one very specific to the construction of $H(t,x,y)$. Rosenberg's argument proceeds by constructing the parametrix $H\_k(t,x,y)$ in a neighborhood of the diagonal $M\_{\text{diag}}\subset M\times M$. Namely the neighborhood $U\_\epsilon=\{(x,y)\in M\t...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/111338
309887
134,912
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309710
13
Let $\square=[0,1]\times[0,1]$ be the unit square and $f\colon\square\to \square$ is a continuous map that fixes the points on the boundary. Assume $f$ is a limit of homeomorphisms $\square\to \square$. (By [Moore's theorem](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1441
Limit of homeomorphisms from square to square
Steve Ferry gave me an answer --- the answer is "no". In fact according to "A continuous decomposition of the plane into pseudo-arcs" by Wayne Lewis and John Walsh, there is a continuous subdivision of the plane into [pseudo-arcs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-arc). My Moore's theorem, the quotient space is al...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1441
309889
134,913
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309883
2
Let $X$ and $Y$ be Hilbert spaces with respective inner products $\langle , \rangle\_{X,Y}$. Let $A:X \rightarrow Y$ be a bounded linear operator. Assume there is a non-degenerate sesquilinear product $(,)$ on $Y$. Take $y \in Y$, and define the map $l\_y : x' \in X \mapsto (A x', y)$. Assume this last map is bounded, ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128536
Fredholmness of formal selfadjoint operator $AA^*$ and Fredholmenss of $A$
Consider $H = L^2[0,\infty)$ with $(,) = \langle,\rangle$, $A: H \to H$ the shift operator $A f(t) = f(t+1)$, so that $$ A^\* f(t) = \cases{f(t-1) & if $t \ge 1$\cr 0 & otherwise\cr} $$ Then $A$ is not Fredholm, but $A A^\* = I$.
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/13650
309891
134,915
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309590
4
I am reading the book "The Arithmetic of Hyperbolic Three Manifolds" by Maclachlan and Reid and I am having some problems in understanding something about cusps. The definition they give of a cusp is the following (1.2.7): A point $\zeta \in \overline{\mathbb{C}}$, the sphere at infinity, is a cusp of the Kleinian ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128408
Cusps in hyperbolic manifolds and fundamental group
This is true for sufficiently small Margulis constant (depending on the manifold). Just make it smaller than the translation length in the smallest Margulis tube. For the second, there will be a horoball invariant under the action of each cusp. Shrink the horoball until the minimal translation length of a parabolic ...
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1345
309900
134,919
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309901
5
Let $X$ be an infinite set, and let $(A\_n)\_{n\in\omega}$ be a collection of subsets of $X$ with the following properties: 1. $|A\_m\cap A\_n| \leq 1$ for $m\neq n\in \omega$, and 2. $|A\_n|=\aleph\_0$ for all $n\in \omega$. We consider the following statement: > > (EFL$\_\omega$:) There is $f:X\to \omega$ suc...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8628
Countable version of Erdös-Lovasz-Faber conjecture
If I understand it correctly, it's false. Let $x \notin A\_0 = \{1,2,\dots \}$. Then let $A\_i$ all meet at $x$, and also each meet $A$ at $i$ (add extra elements as necessary; they should be irrelevant). Then $f(x) \neq f(i)$ for any $i$, so $f(x) \notin f(A)$. This didn't work in the finite case because the sets me...
7
https://mathoverflow.net/users/44191
309904
134,921
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309907
8
Let $X$ be a $k$-connected spectrum for $k \in \Bbb{Z}$. I want to deduce how connected the counit of $(\Sigma^\infty, \Omega^\infty)$- adjunction is, that is, how connected is the map $$ \Sigma^\infty\Omega^\infty X \to X. $$ Any help would be appreciated.
https://mathoverflow.net/users/117088
Connectivity of suspension-loop adjunction
If the spectrum $X$ is $r$-connected, then the map $\Sigma^\infty\Omega^\infty X \to X$ is $(2r+2)$-connected. Here's a sketch: apply the functor $\Omega^\infty$ to get the map of spaces $$ Q(\Omega^\infty X) \to \Omega^\infty X $$ where $Q = \Omega^\infty\Sigma^\infty$. It will be enough to identify the connectivity...
11
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8032
309913
134,924
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309614
4
‎For a given map $\phi‎ :‎X\longrightarrow Y$‎, ‎the mapping cylinder of $\phi$ is defined by $M\_{\phi}:=Y\bigcup\_{\phi} (X \times \{ 1\})$‎. ‎Denote $\pi\_n (M\_{\phi},X \times \{ 1\} )$ by $\pi\_n (\phi)$‎. ‎The map $\phi$ is called $n$-connected if $X$ and $Y$ are connected and $\pi\_i (\phi)=0$ for $1\leq i\leq n...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/114476
A question about Wall's construction for CW-complexes
The given conditions imply that the map $\psi:L\rightarrow X$ induces an isomorphism of fundamental groups, and so it lifts to a map $\tilde\psi: \widetilde L\rightarrow \widetilde X$. The conditions also imply that $\tilde\psi$ is an isomorphism on homology. Since these spaces are simply-connected, their homology grou...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/124004
309914
134,925
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/237235
9
A well known result (stated and credited to Todorcevic in "Semiselective Coideals", by Farah, Mathematika, 1997, but with antecedents going back to Mathias) says that, under the appropriate large cardinal hypothesis (enough to get all sets of reals in $L(\mathbb{R})$ to be universally Baire, say), a selective ultrafilt...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/16107
Nonexistence of generic objects over $L(\mathbb{R})$
The book draft linked to below shows that existence of a weakly compact Woodin cardinal implies the existence of $L(\mathbb{R})$-generic filters for the following partial orders (all ordered by containment) : (1) the partial order of countable injections from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R}$; (2) the partial order of count...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/31807
309918
134,927
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309925
4
For a Weyl group $W$, I would like to know whether each $w\in W$ can be expressed as $w=s\_{\alpha\_1}s\_{\alpha\_2}\cdots s\_{\alpha\_k}$ for some distinct positive roots $\{\alpha\_1, \alpha\_2, \cdots, \alpha\_k\}\subseteq \Phi^+$. I know for type A, the above is true. Since $W(A\_n)\cong S\_{n+1}$ with the map...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/110229
Each $w\in W$ can be expressed as product of distinct reflections?
The answer is "yes" and there is a geometric explanation. Let $\mathcal{H}$ denote the set of hyperplanes corresponding to the reflections $s\_\alpha$ with $\alpha\in\Phi^+$ (note that $s\_\alpha=s\_{-\alpha}$), and let $\Sigma$ denote the connected components of $V\setminus\bigcup\_{H\in\mathcal{H}}H$ (where $V$ is ...
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/86006
309927
134,929
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309921
4
Dedekind proved that the free modular lattice on 3 generators is realisable by the intersections and sums of 4-dimensional subspaces in 8-space. Birkhoff showed that the free lattice is infinite if it has at least 4 generators. My questions: 1. Is every free modular lattice realisable by subspaces in a vector space? ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/10481
Is the free modular lattice linear?
The answer to the first question is no. Bjarni Jónsson proved that lattices of modules must satisfy the Arguesian identity. This is the lattice theoretic analogue of Desargues' theorem in projective geometry. You can find a discussion of the result in [this survey article](http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~jb/bjarni_jonsson_...
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/3711
309929
134,930
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309896
3
I was messing around with the intuition behind the size of weakly compact cardinals (in their usual characterization). I found an interesting, seemingly weaker LCA which still implies weak inaccessibility. --- I started by making an intuitively powerful property that can be stated as an $\mathcal{L}\_{\kappa,\kap...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/115951
A weakening of cardinal compactness - is it equivalent?
**Theorem:** If $\kappa$ is weakly Skolem then the tree property holds at $\kappa$. **Proof:** let $\mathcal T$ be a $\kappa$-tree. Let us define two sequences of constants $\langle d\_\alpha \mid \alpha < \kappa\rangle$ and $\langle d\_x \mid x \in \mathcal T\rangle$. Let us consider the theory $T$ with the followi...
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/41953
309937
134,932
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309945
34
[OEIS sequence A210247](https://oeis.org/A210247) gives the signs of $\text{li}(-n,-1/3) = \sum\_{k=1}^\infty (-1)^k k^n/3^k$, also the signs of the Maclaurin coefficients of $4/(3 + \exp(4x))$. Mikhail Kurkov noticed that it appeared that $a(n+28) = -a(n)$ for this sequence. It's not quite true: the first $n$'s for...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/13650
A remarkable almost-identity
Consider $F(z) = 4/(3+\exp(4z))$ as a function of the complex variable $z$. It is meromorphic and has simple poles where the denominator vanishes. Namely when $4z = \log 3 + (2k +1)\pi i$ for integers $k$. The poles with the smallest magnitude of $z$ occur when $4z = \log 3 \pm \pi i$. We can compute the Taylor series ...
53
https://mathoverflow.net/users/38624
309948
134,935
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309966
3
I have two problems related to eigenvalues of negative definite matrices: 1. I have a matrix $M\prec0$ (symmetric and all eigenvalues are negative) and $S=M\_{11}-M\_{12}M\_{22}^{-1}M\_{21}$ by taking $M=[M\_{ij}]$. Now I want to derive the relation between the eigenvalues of $M$ and $S$. I am particularly looking f...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128364
What can be said about the relationship between the eigenvalues of a negative definite matrix and of its Schur complement?
As for your first question, $S^{-1}$ is a diagonal block of $M^{-1}$. You can only say that its eigenvalues are interlaced with those of $M^{-1}$. Since all the eigenvalues of $M$ and $S$ are negative, it amounts to saying that the eigenvalues of $S$ are interlaced with those of $M$~: $$\lambda\_1\le\mu\_1\le\lambda\_2...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8799
309969
134,941
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309899
2
Consider the polynomial ring $R=\mathbb C[x\_1,x\_2,...,x\_{16}]$, and set $$X=\begin{pmatrix} x\_1 &x\_2&x\_3 &x\_4\\ x\_5&x\_6& x\_7&x\_8\\x\_9&x\_{10}&x\_{11}&x\_{12}\\x\_{13}&x\_{14}&x\_{15}&x\_{16}\end{pmatrix}.$$ Now, using these three matrices $$L=\begin{pmatrix}0&-1&0&0\\1&0&0&0\\0&0&0&-1\\0&0&1&0 \end{p...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/127118
radical of a certain ideal of sixteen variable polynomial ring, generated by the entries of certain matrices
First, let us do all the calculations over $\mathbb{R}$ onstead of over $\mathbb{C}$. It will facilitate things, and will not change the result. Let us rewrite the equations a bit: You have $$X\cdot (LX^tL^t)=Id$$ and similarly for $M$ and $N$. In particular, your system is now equivalent to the sent of equations; ...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/41644
309984
134,947
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309981
3
Let $N$ be an even integer, $N>2$. Let $E$ be the set of all *outer* automorphisms $\phi$ of $G = SU(N)$ which are of order 2, i.e. $\phi \circ \phi = \mathrm{id}\_G$. Choose a particular element $\psi \in E$. Since $\mathrm{Out}(G) \simeq \mathbb{Z}\_2$, for all $\phi \in E$ there exists a matrix $A\_{\phi} \in G$ ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/61018
A partition of the set of order 2 outer automorphisms of $SU(N)$
I don't know that the partition has a name, so to speak, but it is well-understood and falls into the classification of the symmetric spaces of type A. Namely, those of type AI, which are $\mathrm{SU}(n)/\mathrm{SO}(n)$ and, when $n=2m>2$ is even, those of type AII, which are $\mathrm{SU}(2m)/\mathrm{Sp}(m)$. $\mathr...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/13972
309986
134,948
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309931
15
Let $X$ be a complex irreducible variety and denote its smooth locus by $X^{smooth}$. I would like to know what can be said about the induced maps $H\_i(X^{smooth};\mathbb{Q})\rightarrow H\_i(X;\mathbb{Q})$ for $i$ small when the codimension of the singular locus is large. Of course, since the ambient space $X$ may not...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128556
The homology groups of the smooth locus of a singular variety
I am adding some additional details to the comment above, since somebody else asked me about this recently. Results about extensions of cohomology classes to all of $X$ from an open subset $U=X\setminus Z$ (or dually, proving that homology classes are obtained by pushforward from an open subset) are usually called *Pur...
14
https://mathoverflow.net/users/13265
309990
134,950
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309985
4
**Question.** If $A\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ is any set of positive Lebesgue $n$-measure, does there exists a Lipschitz map $f:A\to\mathbb{R}^n$ such that $f(A)$ is a ball with the same measure? In dimension $n=1$, such a map is easily found by defining $f(x) = \mathcal{L}^1(A\cap [0,x])$. In higher dimensions the proble...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/91774
Existence of a Lipschitz map from a positive measure set to a ball
The problem is also mentioned in > > Alberti, Giovanni and Csörnyei, Marianna and Preiss, David: *Structure of null sets in the plane and applications*. European Congress of Mathematics, 3–22, Eur. Math. Soc., Zürich, 2005. [MR2185733](https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=2185733). [PDF](http://pagine....
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/90407
309991
134,951
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309902
3
Let $D$ be a $2$ dimensional distribution of $\mathbb{R}^3$. Is there a $1$ dimensional foliation of $\mathbb{R}^3$ with Frenet curves such that for every leaf $\gamma$ of the foliation we have $\mathrm{span}(\gamma'(t), \gamma ''(t))=D(\gamma(t))$ where $\gamma(t)$ is the unit speed parametrization of the leaf $\gamma...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/36688
Can we foliate the space $\mathbb{R}^3$ with Frenet curves whose tangent and normal vectores span a given $2$ dimensional distribution?
The answer is 'no' in general for an arbitrary Riemannian metric $g$ on a $3$-manifold $M$ and $2$-plane field $D\subset TM$. I'll give the argument for the flat metric on $\mathbb{R}^3$ and leave the (easy) generalization to arbitrary metrics for the interested. Let $M$ be $\mathbb{R}^3$ endowed with the flat metr...
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/13972
309995
134,953
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309964
17
Arguments made in physics apparently predict the existence of a family of six-dimensional $\mathcal N = (2,0)$ superconformal field theories ([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6D_(2,0)_superconformal_field_theory), [nLab](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/6d+%282%2C0%29-superconformal+QFT), [PhysicsOverflow](https:...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/97265
What are some mathematical consequences of the study of 6D $\mathcal N = (2,0)$ SCFT?
If you take the (2,0) theory and put it on a manifold which is $T^2 \times M\_4$, it is known to reduce to $\mathcal{N} = 4$ super-Yang Mills theory on $M\_4$. That theory exhibits S-duality, which has been shown to be related to geometric Langlands. In particular, S-duality is part of an $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ symmetry, a...
11
https://mathoverflow.net/users/947
309998
134,955
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309997
3
Let $u\_0 \in \dot{H}^{1/2}(\mathbb{R}^3)$. The Fujita-Kato theorem gives rise to a local unique solution $(t,x) \mapsto u(t,x)$ to the Navier-Stokes equations $$\left\{ \begin{array}{ccc} \partial \_t u + u\cdot \nabla u- \Delta u + \nabla p&=&0\\ div \;u&=&0 \\ u(t=0)&=&u\_0. \end{array} \right.$$ The Fujita-Kato ass...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/94415
A solution to the Navier-Stokes equation that is defined for on $[0,T]$ with $T$ large is global?
$\dot{H}^{1/2}$ is critical with respect to scaling. Let $\tilde{u}(t,x) = \lambda u(\lambda^2 t, \lambda x)$. Then $\tilde{u}$ solves the Navier-Stokes equation up to $\tilde{T}^\* = T^\* \lambda^{-2}$, with pressure $\tilde{p} = \lambda^2 p(\lambda^2 t, \lambda x)$. One can check that the corresponding initial ...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/3948
310011
134,961
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310020
6
Consider the [Bernoulli numbers](http://mathworld.wolfram.com/BernoulliNumber.html) denoted by $B\_n$, which are rational numbers. It is known that the harmonic numbers $H\_n=\sum\_{k=1}^n\frac1k$ are not integers once $n>1$. I am curious about the following: > > **Question:** If $n>0$, will $\sum\_{k=0}^nB\_k...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/66131
Summing Bernoulli numbers
It can never be an integer for $n>0$. There is a result by K.G.C. von Staudt and independently by T. Clausen that $$B\_n+\sum\_{p\in \mathbb{P}\, ,\, p-1|n}\frac{1}{p}\in \mathbb Z$$ > > [1] T. Clausen. Lehrsatz aus einer Abhandlung uber die Bernoullischen Zahlen. > Astr. Nachr., 17:351–352, 1840 > > > [2] K. G....
12
https://mathoverflow.net/users/2384
310024
134,967
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310016
7
According to [Cantor's attic](http://cantorsattic.info/Vopenka#Strong_Compactness_of_Logics), Vopenka's principle is equivalent to the existence of a strong compactness cardinal for any "logic". But I can't find a definition of what a "logic" is either there or in any of the cited references. **Question:** What is a ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/2362
Vopenka's principle is equivalent to the existence of a strong compactness cardinal for any "logic"?
ORIGINAL RESPONSE: ================== <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2273786?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents> Is the article where it is from. It seems to have never been added to the library, which would be my fault. <https://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.pl/1235417266> is the first chapter of the textbook w...
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/115951
310046
134,980
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309935
0
If $ I $ is a homogeneous ideal of the ring of homogeneous polynomials $ \mathbb {C} [X\_0, \dots, X\_n] $ , under which conditions on the homogeneous ideal $ I $, and particularly on $ I\_m $, the $m$ -th graded piece of $I$ for every $m$, the quotient ring $ \mathbb{C} [X\_0, \dots, X\_n]/I $ is a regular ring? Acc...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/89900
Under which conditions on the homogeneous ideal $ I $, the quotient ring $ \mathbb{C} [X_0, \dots, X_n]/I $ is a regular ring?
$\mathbb{C}[x\_1,\dotsc,x\_n]/I$ is regular if and only if the affine variety $V(I)$ is smooth. When $I$ is homogeneous,a $V(I)$ is a cone (with vertex at the origin). The only way for a cone to be smooth is if it's a linear subspace. So, for homogeneous $I$, the ring is regular if and only if $I$ is generated by linea...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/88133
310051
134,982
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309884
9
Suppose $C$ is a compact Riemann surface and $X$ is a compact Kähler manifold. Suppose $f:C\to X$ is a stable holomorphic map. Then, the deformations of $f$ are controlled by the complex $L^\bullet = R\Gamma(C,df:T\_C\to f^\*T\_X)$. Explicitly, this complex may be realized using the Dolbeault resolution of $T\_C$ and $...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/110236
DGLA controlling deformation of holomorphic curves
Firstly, I assume you mean deformations of $C$ over $X$ ("deformations of $f$" is ambiguous, as it could mean fixing neither or both of $C$ and $X$). The DGLA philosophy is then that there should exist some DGLA quasi-isomorphic to the explicit realisation of the complex $L$ you wrote down. It doesn't guarantee a DGL...
10
https://mathoverflow.net/users/103678
310055
134,983
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310061
7
> > **Question 1.** Let $a,b>1$ be two natural numbers. Is there a prime number $p\in 1+b\mathbb N$ such that $a+p\mathbb Z$ is a generator of the multiplicative group of the field $\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$? > > > In need this fact for establishing some properties of the Golomb topology on positive integers. ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/61536
A stronger form of the Dirichlet Theorem on prime numbers in arithmetic sequences
This is a hybrid of Dirichlet's theorem with [Artin's conjecture on primitive roots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artin%27s_conjecture_on_primitive_roots). Artin's primitive root conjecture says that if $a \in \mathbf{Z}$ is not a perfect square or $-1$, then there are infinitely many p such that a is a generator mod ...
16
https://mathoverflow.net/users/2481
310065
134,987
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310083
4
I am trying to understand the difference between Cohen Macaulay and Locally Cohen Macaulay curves. The stacks project <https://stacks.math.columbia.edu/tag/02IN> says that a scheme (a curve in particular) $X$ is Cohen Macaulay if for every $x \in X$, there is an open subset $U$ of $X$ containing $x$ such that the mo...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/43027
difference between Cohen Macaulay and locally Cohen Macaulay curve
Following the usual meaning of "local" in Algebraic Geometry, a locally noetherian scheme is locally Cohen-Macaulay if and only if $\mathcal{O}\_{X, \, x}$ is a Cohen-Macaulay local ring for every $x \in X$. This is actually equivalent to your definition of Cohen-Macaulay scheme, see [The Stacks Project, Lemma 27.8.2...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/7460
310085
134,991
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310078
1
I have the following basic question. Everything is over $\mathbb{C}$. Let $X$ be a hyperkähler (irreducible holomorphic symplectic) variety and we consider a small contraction $f\colon X \rightarrow Y$. By this I mean that f is birational and surjective (e.g. induced by a big and semiample line bundle) and the excep...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/124888
Small contraction for Hyperkähler Varieties
Let $f:X\to Y$ be a birational contraction where $X$ is hyperkähler, then $K\_X\sim 0$ and $K\_Y=f\_\*K\_X\sim 0$, and hence $K\_X=f^\*K\_Y$. In particular, this means that $Y$ has canonical singularities. Hence by a result of Hacon and Mckernan [On Shokurov's rational connectedness conjecture, Duke Math. J. Volume 138...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/42636
310088
134,993
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309759
8
If $(X,\tau)$ is a topological space, let $FH(X)$ denote the collection of $x\in X$ such that there is a non-identity homeomorphism $\varphi:X\to X$ with $\varphi(x) = x$. What is an example of a $T\_2$-space $(X,\tau)$ such that $FH(X)$ is dense in $X$, but $FH(X)\neq X$?
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8628
Set of homeomorphic fixed points that is dense, but not equal to whole space
Such an example can be constructed unifying two pathological examples of Cook and van Mill. **Example** ([Cook, 1967](http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/ksiazki/fm/fm60/fm60123.pdf)): There exists a non-degenerated metric continuum $K$ such that any continuous map $f:K\to K$ is either constant or the identity. **Example** ([...
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/61536
310098
134,998
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309992
7
Consider the following construction: Define $G\_n$ to be the contractible groupoid on $n+1$ objects. Choosing a linear order on the objects of each $G\_n$ turns $G\_\*$ into a cosimplicial object. Define the cosimplicial simplicial set $J\_\*=N(G\_\*)$. This cosimplicial object defines a Quillen pair between the Quil...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1353
Direct comparison from the Rezk hom to the hom of a simplicial category along the coherent nerve?
Edit: The proof in the original answer below the line is correct, but it doesn't prove everything we need to establish to prove the equivalence between qCat and sCat. It turna out this was all worked out in great detail in the paper [Mapping Spaces in Quasicategories](https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.0469) by Dugger and Spiv...
1
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1353
310117
135,004
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310086
1
I'm looking for the residues of the following function $$s \mapsto\sum^\infty\_{m,n =1} (m+n) \left[ amn + (m-n)^2 \right]^{-s}$$ at $s=\frac{1}{2}$ and $s=\frac{3}{2}$, where $a$ is some real positive number. Yet, I have literally no idea how to precedure here. I tried to rearrange the terms in order to get some wel...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128226
Residues of Zeta-like Function
The following is just a sketch, for the detail you can find in the reference of Zagier [<http://people.mpim-bonn.mpg.de/zagier/files/scanned/ValeursZeta/ZetaFunctionRQF.pdf]>. Let us denote $$f(x,y)=(x+y)e^{-(axy+(x-y)^2)}.$$ Then you can check that $$F(s):=\sum\_{m,n\ge 1}\frac{m+n}{(amn+(m-n)^2)^s}=\frac{1}{\Gamma(s...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/110368
310118
135,005
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310104
3
Is it possible to turn an inaccessible cardinal in $V$ to a successor of a singular cardinal in some forcing extension?
https://mathoverflow.net/users/119731
Collapse an inaccessible cardinal to a successor of a singular cardinal
There are several ways to do it: One is suggested by Noah in his comment. Another one is to use the supercompact extender based Prikry forcing of Merimovich. See [Supercompact extender based Prikry forcing](http://www2.mta.ac.il/~carmi/Publications/Merimovich%202011%20Supercompact%20extender%20based%20Prikry%20forc...
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/11115
310123
135,006
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310130
6
By [Grunwald-Wang Theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunwald%E2%80%93Wang_theorem), if for some odd number $n$ the equation $x^n=a$ has no solutions in $\mathbb Z$, then the equation $x^n=a\mod p$ has no solutions for some prime number $p$. I am interested if we can always choose $p$ is the arithmetic sequence $1+...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/61536
A simultaneous generalization of the Grunwald-Wang and Dirichlet Theorems on primes
$\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbf{Z}}$ $\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbf{Q}}$ $\newcommand{\F}{\mathbf{F}}$ $\newcommand{\OK}{\mathcal{O}\_K}$ **EDIT**. To prove the existence of at least one prime (or infinitely many primes) meeting the OP's requirement, there is a much simpler argument, see the answer by a so-called friend Don. My a...
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/6506
310148
135,015
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310152
3
The statement I am familiar with regarding classification of vector bundles is : > > Given a paracompact space $X$. The set of isomorphism classes of rank $n$ vector bundles over $X$ is in bijective correspondence with the set $[X,G\_n]$ of homotopy classes of maps from $X$ to $G\_n$. > > > I am more or less c...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/118688
Motivation for classifying vector bundles
At Praphulla Koushik's request I am posting my comments above as an answer, with a little extra detail added. Complex line bundles are classified up to isomorphism by their first Chern class. To see this, consider the long exact sequence of cohomology associated to the exponential sequence $$0\rightarrow \mathbb{...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/98320
310158
135,018
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310124
3
For a given finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebera $\mathfrak g$, we fix Cartan $\mathfrak h$ and Borel subalgebras $\mathfrak b$, then we have the BGG category $\mathcal O$. As usual, we can define the Verma module $\text{Ind}\_{\mathfrak b}^{\mathfrak g} \mathbb C\_{\lambda}$, which is the induced module ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/75041
Coinduced modules in the BGG category $\mathcal O$ over complex semisimple Lie algebras
This line of questioning has been pursued in greater generality. starting in prime characteristic by Ron Irving (and myself) and then in the analogous setting of category $\mathcal{O}$ for a semisimple Lie algebra over $\mathbb{C}$ [*here*](https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1231714) . Refinements involvi...
1
https://mathoverflow.net/users/4231
310159
135,019
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310163
13
Endow the set $\mathbb N$ of positive integers with the topology $\tau$ generated by the base consisting of arithmetic progressions $a+b\mathbb N\_0$ where $\mathbb N\_0=\{0\}\cup\mathbb N$, where $a,b\in\mathbb N$. This topology is often referred to as the *Furstenberg topology* or the *profinite topology*. The space ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/61536
Is the identity function a unique multiplicative homeomorphism of $\mathbb N$?
No. First observe that the automorphisms of the semigroup $\mathbf{N}^\*$ (which you denote $\mathbb{N}$) are induced by permutations of primes. Consider the automorphism $f$ induced by the transposition $(2,3)$ (thus, mapping $2^a.3^b.c$ to $2^b.3^a.c$, $c$ coprime to 6). I claim that $f$ is continuous. Indeed, ...
19
https://mathoverflow.net/users/14094
310164
135,021
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310168
2
given dynamic system $(X, \mathcal{B}, F, \mu), \mu \circ F^{-1}=\mu, F $ is mixing, $ A \in \mathcal{B}, s.t. \mu(A) >0 $. consider dynamic system $(X\times X, \mathcal{B}\otimes \mathcal{B}, F\times F, \mu \times \mu)$, then $ F \times F $ is mixing too, hence ergodic, $(\mu \times \mu )(A \times A )>0$. fixed d...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/124254
time delay ergodic theorem
Here is a revised answer, having correctly understood the question. Let $A\_1=A$ and $A\_0=A^c$. For a sequence $\mathbf w=w\_0,\ldots,w\_{k-1}$, set $A\_{\mathbf w}=A\_{w\_0}\cap F^{-1}A\_{w\_1}\cap\ldots\cap F^{-(k-1)}A\_{w\_{k-1}}$. That is, $A\_{\mathbf w}$ is the set of points that is inside or outside of $A$ ...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/11054
310172
135,023
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310176
2
I'm currently reading Richard Garner's paper Polycategories via pseudo-distributive laws, and a central construction is the lifting of the symmetric strict monoidal category 2-monad to a pseudomonad on $Prof$, the bicategory of profunctors. I'm trying to work through all the details and they are quite messy. I was wond...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/104294
When does a 2-functor or 2-monad of Cat lift to a psuedofunctor or pseudomonad on Prof?
Sec. 6 of [this paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.03678.pdf) should answer your question.
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/104432
310183
135,025
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310184
4
I have the impression, that random graphs and random matrices seem to be perceived and treated as separate areas of interest; I'm not an expert in either of the subjects, so maybe my impression is wrong. As there is a one to one correspondence between directed graphs with self-loops and square matrices with real entr...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/31310
What is the Essential Difference Between Random Matrices and Random Graphs?
I suppose the main point is that the typically studied random graph models are not directed or weighted and they generally don't have self loops. Under your correspondence, this means they are limited to symmetric matrices whose diagonal entries are zero and whose off-diagonal entries are either zero or one - a rather ...
7
https://mathoverflow.net/users/4362
310188
135,028
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310178
7
I am in my final year of my doctoral study in Mathematics, where my research topic is $p$-groups, specifically classification of $p$-groups by [coclass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coclass). My work involves a great deal of computation in [GAP](https://www.gap-system.org/). I really like programming and have knowledg...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/89515
Research in applied algebra
In the UK, there is the [Applied Algebra and Geometry Research Network](https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/Mathematics/Research/Algebra-and-Analysis/AppliedAlgebraGeometry.aspx). You could browse the list of former speakers and abstracts for ideas. The University of St Andrews has a [strong group](http://www-maths.mcs.st-a...
9
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8103
310189
135,029
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310198
5
Let $(W,S)$ be a Coxeter system. For any subset $I\subseteq S$, we can have the *parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial* $P\_{x,w}^I(q)$ with respect to $I$. Now consider $I\subseteq J\subseteq S$. Both $(W,S)$, $(W\_J,J)$ are Coxeter systems. Since $I\subseteq J$, we get the *parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial* $\...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/110229
Parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial coincide?
Yes, that's true. The standard recursive constructions will give you this fact easily, because the only group elements involved in $P\_{x,w}^I$ are those which are $\leq w$ w.r.t. the Bruhat order. If $w\in W\_J$, then all those elements are themselves contained in $W\_J$.
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/3041
310204
135,034
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310196
13
First of all I am new to the field of embedding one manifold into another other. I have recently come across with the paper "Embedding Riemannian manifolds by their heat kernel" by P. BERARD, G. BESSON, S. GALLOT (published in Geometric and Functional Analysis in 1984), who prove that one can embed a closed Riemannia...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/41686
Embedding Riemannian manifolds into some infinite dimensional manifolds?
There is a more general result. Fix an even Schwartz function $\newcommand{\bR}{\mathbb{R}}$ $w:\bR\to[0,\infty)$. Let $\Delta$ be the Laplacian of the compact connected Riemann manifold $(M,g)$, $\dim M=m$. Its eigenvalues are $$0=\lambda\_0< \lambda\_1\leq \lambda\_2\leq \cdots$$ where each eigenvalue appears ...
14
https://mathoverflow.net/users/20302
310205
135,035
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310161
5
In a metric space $X=(X, d)$, given a probability measure $\mu$ and two subsets $A$ and $B$ of positive measure, it's not hard to prove that $$ d(A, B) \le W(\mu|\_A, \mu|\_B), $$ where * $d(A, B):= \inf\_{a \in A,\;b \in B}d(x,y)$ is the distance between $A$ and $B$. * $\mu|\_A$ defined by $\mu|\_A(C):= \mu(A\cap ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/78539
Hausdorff distance is a lower (or upper bound) for what probability metric?
A general note is that the answer depends heavily on the properties of $\mu$. First a note that in general $d\_H(A,B) \not \le C \cdot W\_p(\mu|\_A,\mu|\_B)$ for $p\in[1,\infty)$ and some $C>0$. Though it's true for the case $p = \infty$. Here the example: Let $\mu\_\lambda = (1-\lambda) \delta\_x + \lambda \delta\_...
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/123897
310206
135,036
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310165
8
Given a complex simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of rank $n\in\mathbb{N}$ with $n$ sufficiently large (say $n\ge10$), is there a way to determine whether $\mathfrak{g}$ contains a simple subalgebra of a prescribed type with rank "close" to $n$? For example, if $\mathfrak{g}$ is of type $B\_n$ with $n\ge10$, does $\mat...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/117370
Simple Subalgebras of Simple Lie Algebras
The answer to the question in your example is no in general: $B\_n$ does not contain $C\_{n-2}$ for large $n$. To see this, observe that $B\_n$ has an irreducible orthogonal representation $V$ of dimension $2n+1$. The Weyl dimension formula shows that for any simple Lie algebra, the dimension of an irreducible represen...
10
https://mathoverflow.net/users/23291
310209
135,038
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310044
2
Say I have a set of $(n-1)$ linearly independent vectors $\mathbf{v}\_i$ of dimension $n$ with entries $\pm1$. I am interested in finding the $n-$dimensional vector $\mathbf{u} $which is normal to the hyperplane spanned by the $\mathbf{v}\_i$. In other words, $\mathbf{u}$ is orthogonal to each of the $\mathbf{v}\_i$, w...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/94774
fast way to calculate normal to set of vectors with $\pm$1 entries
To recap: we are given $n-1$ linearly independent vectors in ${\bf R}^n$ with $\pm 1$ entries. The original Q1 asked, in effect, if there is always a vector with $\pm 1$ entries that is orthogonal to all of the given ones. A counter examples is provided for $n=3$ by taking $$ v\_1 = e\_1+e\_2+e\_3\quad,\quad v\_2=e\_1+...
0
https://mathoverflow.net/users/763
310216
135,041
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309946
38
*This is a crosspost from [this MSE question](https://math.stackexchange.com/q/2389376/39599) from a year ago.* --- Finite groups are cancellable from direct products, i.e. if $F$ is a finite group and $A\times F \cong B\times F$, then $A \cong B$. A proof can be found in [this note](http://www.math.harvard.edu/~...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/21564
Is there a non-trivial group $C$ such that $A*C \cong B*C$ implies $A \cong B$?
For $C=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, it follows from the [Kurosh subgroup theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurosh_subgroup_theorem) that $A\ast C \cong B\ast C$ implies that $A\cong B$. Denote $C\_1 \cong C\_2\cong \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, and let $\varphi: A\ast C\_1 \to B\ast C\_2$ be an isomorphism. Then $\varph...
33
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1345
310218
135,042
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310036
3
I'm confused about the precise definition of an inner automorphism of an algebraic group. Here is what Milne says in his book on algebraic groups: Let $k$ be a field, let $\overline{k}$ be an algebraic closure, and let $G$ be an algebraic group over $k$. Let $Z$ (or $Z(G)$) denote the center of $G$. Then an automorph...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/64244
Inner automorphisms of algebraic groups
The inner automorphisms of $G$ form an abstract group, whereas $G/Z$ is an algebraic group (i.e., group scheme of finite type over the field $k$), so you can't say that one is equal to the other --- they are different types of objects. By $(G/Z)(k)$ Milne means the group of $k$-rational points of $G/Z$, which is an abs...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128701
310220
135,044
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310224
5
Let $M$ be a countable transitive model of (enough of) ZFC. Mostowski's Absoluteness Theorem says that $\Pi^1\_1$ statements are absolute between $M$ and larger models, in particular, between $M$ and the universe $V$. For general $M$, this cannot be extended to $\Sigma^1\_2$ statements, see Andrés Caicedo's answer he...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/16107
Buying more absoluteness for countable transitive models?
First, it is consistent that there is a ctm but no $\Sigma^1\_2$-correct ctm, for example if $V$ is the minimal model with a ctm. If there is a model of ZFC $M$ containing all the reals (e.g., if there is an inaccessible), then there is a projectively correct ctm: take the transitive collapse $H$ of a countable elem...
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/102684
310225
135,047
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310228
0
Suppose I have the following companion matrix ($d\times d$) [The companion matrix A](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KgkoY.jpg). $1 \geq p \geq q \geq 0$. Let $x$ ($d\times 1$) be the all one vector and my underlying problem is to analyze the first entry of $A^nx$ for some large $n$. Even if the close form doesn't exist, we ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128707
Bounding/approximating the largest eigenvalue of the special case of companion matrix
First of all, we can scale your matrix so there is only one parameter, so let's say $p = 1$ for simplicity. It looks to me like the characteristic polynomial of your matrix is $$ P(\lambda) = \frac{\lambda^{n+1} - \lambda^n + q^n - q^{n+1}}{\lambda - q} $$ Thus $P(1) = q^n$ and $P(q) = (n+1) q^n - n q^{n-1}$. In part...
0
https://mathoverflow.net/users/13650
310230
135,048
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/304321
3
Let us suppose that $X\_1,\ldots,X\_n$ with $n\ge1$ are iid random variables such that $\operatorname EX\_1=0$ and $\operatorname E|X\_1|^s<\infty$ with some $s>2$ and define the DFT of $X\_1,\ldots,X\_n$ by setting $$ D\_n(\omega)=n^{-1/2}\sum\_{t=1}^nX\_te^{-it\omega} $$ for $n\ge1$ and $\omega\in[-\pi,\pi]$, where $...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/46211
Expected value of the maximum of the periodogram
Here is a sketch. Feel free to ask for clarifications if my writing gets too terse or confusing in places :-). First recall the Bernstein (a.k.a. Hoeffding, Chernov, etc.) bound. If $Y\_m$ are mean $0$ independent random variables bounded by $s$, then for $Y=\sum\_{m=1}^n Y\_m$, we have for every positive $t$, $$ P...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1131
310232
135,050
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310210
9
Numerical semigroups are additive submonoids $A$ of the natural numbers such that the greatest common divisor of all elements of $A$ is 1. The complement of a numerical semigroup in $\mathbb{N}$ is finite and is called the genus of the numerical semigroup. The sequence [A007323](https://oeis.org/A007323) in the OEIS ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/30158
Reference for Kakutani result on power sum bases of symmetric functions
I think Zagier must have been thinking of the following papers of Kakeya, instead of Kakutani > > Kakeya, S.: On fundamental systems of symmetric functions. [I](https://doi.org/10.4099/jjm1924.2.0_69), [II](https://doi.org/10.4099/jjm1924.4.0_77). [Jap. J. Math.**2**, 69–80 (1925)](https://doi.org/10.4099/jjm1924.2...
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/2384
310234
135,051
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310203
2
Many definitions of $2$-categories are given as categories equipped with some extra structure encoded by some functors and some natural (or extranatural) transformations between these functors (or with $Id$ functors, etc.), satisfying some commutativity conditions between them. Sometimes, one of those "equipments" ar...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/95265
Relaxing a natural isomorphism to a natural transformation to obtain a more general $2$-category
One situation in which this can be done if the original structure can be described as a pseudo-algebra structure for some 2-monad. In this case, to make the constraints noninvertible one can consider instead lax algebras or colax algebras for the same 2-monad. However, this process tends to produce only [unbiased](http...
3
https://mathoverflow.net/users/49
310240
135,052
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310119
8
Can the theory of Galois categories (as developed in SGA1) be modified to produce the usual fundamental group of a topological space (maybe assumed to be path connected and locally path connected)? Recall from SGA 1 that the theory of Galois categories is developed to construct the étale fundamental group of a connec...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/5337
Galois categories for topological spaces?
The answer is yes (with mild hypothesis on the space). Moreover the topological situation is simpler, and this was very likely Grothendieck's inspiration. To see this you need two facts. First taken from Szamuley's book [Galois Groups and Fundamental Groups](http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=978...
7
https://mathoverflow.net/users/11682
310243
135,054
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310110
4
Given an $n$-dimensional vector $\mathbf{c}\in [0,1]^n$, let $\Delta\_{\mathbf{c}}$ be the set of points $\{\mathbf{x}\in [0,1]^n: \langle \mathbf{c},\mathbf{x} \rangle \le 1\}$, where $\langle \mathbf{c},\mathbf{x} \rangle$ is the inner product between $\mathbf{c}$ and $\mathbf{x}$. **Question**: Given $\mathbf{c}$ ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/115803
Fast projection onto a subspace
As noted in the comments, this problem is not really a research level problem. Afaik, versions of it were originally solved in the 50s. Here is an entire survey that discusses efficient algorithms (including linear-time procedures) for this problem as well as generalizations of it: M. Patriksson, *[A survey of classi...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8430
310250
135,056
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/309007
3
Suppose $K\_3$ is the Kronecker quiver with 3 arrows, and $M^{ss}\_{(2,2)}(K\_3,(-1,1))$ is the moduli space of semi stable representation of dimension $(2,2)$ wrt the weight $(-1,1)$. It is claim in the introduction of <https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0010251.pdf> that this moduli space is isomorphic to $M\_{\mathbb{P}^2}...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/48616
$M^{ss}_{(2,2)}(K_3,(-1,1))$ is isomorphic to $M_{\mathbb{P}^2}(0,2)$
The construction of the equivalence is described in the articles the author cites, but these are somewhat old references so it might be helpful if I try to translate it into modern language. It is known that $\mathrm{Coh}(\mathbb{P}^2)$ is derived equivalent to the category $\mathrm{mod}\Lambda$, where $\Lambda$ is a...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/nan
310257
135,060
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310227
8
Let $f$ be a newform of weight $k \geq 2$ and level $N \geq 1$ without complex multiplication. A prime $p$ is said to be ordinary for $f$ if the $p$-th Fourier coefficient $a\_p(f)$ is a $p$-adic unit (to make sense of this in general, one needs to choose a prime ideal above $p$ in the field $K\_f$ of Fourier coefficie...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/6506
Existence of newforms which are non-ordinary at a given prime
Given p and k, it's clear we can find a CM-type newform of weight k and some level which is supersingular at p (just choose an imaginary quadratic field in which p is inert, and some sufficiently large conductor away from p). So it suffices to find a second newform that is congruent to the first one mod p and is *no...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/2481
310262
135,061
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310245
3
I'm looking for functions $f\in L^{\frac{2n}{n+1}}$ such that $\hat{f}=\infty$ on $S^{n-1}$. Is there any explicit expression of such kind of examples? This seems to be a well-known result, but I can not find it in standard references such as Stein's Harmonic Analysis and Grafakos's classical Fourier Analysis. Than...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/35702
Functions belong to $L^{\frac{2n}{n+1}}$ whose Fourier transforms are infinite on $S^{n-1}$
As mentioned in the comments, the Fourier transform $\hat f$ of a function in $L^{\frac{2n}{n+1}}({\bf R}^n)$ is *a priori* only defined as an element of the dual space $L^{\frac{2n}{n-1}}({\bf R}^n)$ (as per the Hausdorff-Young inequality), and so cannot immediately be restricted to the measure zero set $S^{n-1}$ unle...
7
https://mathoverflow.net/users/766
310264
135,063
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310244
2
Few days I asked this question (<https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2907733/simple-ordinal-question>) on MSE. Summary of the question is that I defined a certain function over ordinals $x \mapsto \beta\_x$ (where $x<\omega\_1$) and asked about its relation to the function $x \mapsto \omega^{CK}\_x$. And it seems ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/112385
Formal definition of this ordinal?
This is actually much simpler than you may suspect: $\omega\_\alpha^{CK}$ is well-defined for **every** ordinal $\alpha$, not just the countable ones, if we use the set-theoretic as opposed to computability-theoretic definition. Specifically, we define $\omega\_\alpha^{CK}$ as the unique ordinal $\eta$ such that * $L...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8133
310269
135,066
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310270
14
Recall that the Stiefel-Whitney classes of a smooth manifold are defined to be those of its tangent bundle - this definition doesn't extend to topological manifolds as they don't have a tangent bundle. Wu's theorem states that for a closed smooth manifold, $w = \operatorname{Sq}(\nu)$. The expression $\operatorname{Sq}...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/21564
Is the top Stiefel-Whitney number of a topological manifold the Euler characteristic mod two?
As you say, we define $w\_n = \sum \text{Sq}^i \nu\_{n - i}$, where $\nu\_{n-i}$ is the Wu class, the class such that $\nu\_{n-i} \cup c = \text{Sq}^{n-i} c$ for $c \in H^{i}$. So as a corollary we have $\text{Sq}^i \nu\_{n - i} = \nu\_i \cup \nu\_{n-i}$. Because $\nu\_j$ vanishes for $j > n/2$, the sum over $i$ is ...
14
https://mathoverflow.net/users/40804
310275
135,069
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310271
5
We can obtain the Jones polynomial by the Temperly-Lieb algebra and the HOMFLYPT polynomial from the Hecke algebra. Were there attempts to categorify the algebras itself and obtain the Khovanov homology or HOMFYLPT homology from there? When googling, one can find a lot of papers containing certain categorifications of ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/101335
Categorifying skein algebras?
Much of the research in knot homology has been about categorifying these algebras! Khovanov's paper [math/0103190](http://de.arxiv.org/pdf/math/0103190.pdf) is devoted to defining and studying the Temperley-Lieb 2-category which is a categorification of the Temperley-Lieb category. (The TL algebras arise and endomor...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/438
310281
135,072
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310268
0
Given a random $d$-regular graph on $n$ nodes, what is the expected number of common neighbors between two nodes? I don't know if it is as simple as just assuming that each neighbor of the first node has a $\frac{d}{n}$ probability of being a neighbor of the second, as the set of $d$-regular graphs on $n$ nodes is di...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128739
The expected value of common neighbors on a random regular graph
Yep, it is $\frac{d(d-1)}{n-1}$ in general. Fix a $d$-regular graph and average over the action of the permutation group on the vertices. We are interested in the event $S(x,y,z)=$"$x$ is connected to $y$ and $z$". If $E$ is the expected number of neighbors, then $\sum\_{x,y,z}P(S(x,y,z))=n(n-1)E$, summing over $x$ fir...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1131
310282
135,073
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310280
10
Let $ \mathcal C $ be a monoidal category. Then $ \mathcal C $ is both a left and right module category over itself. Moreover, the Drinfeld centre of $ \mathcal C $ can be defined as the category of functors from $ \mathcal C $ to itself which commute with these module category structures. $$ Z(\mathcal C) = Fun\_{\mat...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/438
Generalization of Drinfeld double to comodule algebras
Such an algebra exists. As far as I am aware, the algebra was first described in chapter 6 of [The blob complex](https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.5025) by Morrison and Walker. In this paper, the algebra is construct from a diagrammatic calculus for the module and tensor category rather than from $H$ and $A$ directly. Since...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/4002
310286
135,075
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310278
2
Suppose I collect $2n$ independent samples of a probability density function $f$, which are separated into pairs $\{X\_i^1, X\_i^2\}$ for $1\leq i\leq n$. Suppose I now consider the set of all $2^n$ sequences obtained by taking one sample from each pair. Are there any existing results comparable to the law of large num...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/125803
A modest generalization of the law of large numbers
In the case where the $X$'s take finitely many values, you can prove what I claimed using the max-flow min cut theorem. I have not written it down, but this should be extendable to the general case. Here's what I mean. Suppose you have two finite sets $A$ and $B$, equipped with probability measures $p$ and $q$. ($A...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/11054
310288
135,076
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310247
5
I asked the question on MSE. <https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2898377/what-is-the-stone-space-of-the-free-sigma-algebra-on-countably-many-generators> The answer I got, however, seems disputed. I just thought that someone here could answer the question for sure. Many thanks.
https://mathoverflow.net/users/126821
What is to Stone space of the free sigma-algebra on countably many generators?
You got a wrong answer on Math Stackexchange from Daron. The free Boolean algebra on countably many generators is the Boolean algebra of clopens of $2^\omega$ (topologized with the product topology), and the free $\sigma$-algebra on countably many generators is the Baire $\sigma$-algebra of $2^\omega$, which, as $2^\om...
5
https://mathoverflow.net/users/61785
310292
135,078
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310285
10
In study of the cohomology ring of the Grassmannians, which is usually known as **Schubert calculus**, one usually deals with a distinguished basis known as the Schubert basis $\{\sigma\_\lambda\}$. One of the most properties of this basis is **positivity**, the fact that for any two basis elements $\sigma\_\lambda$ an...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/126606
Proving Positivity for Schubert Calculus
I would say there are three basic reasons for / proofs of positivity. 1. *Geometry.* [Kleiman 1973] proves that the number one's trying to compute is the number of points in a *transverse* intersection of cycles. Ergo, a nonnegative number. 2. *Combinatorics.* Present the cohomology ring of $Gr(k,n)$ as a quotient of...
18
https://mathoverflow.net/users/391
310295
135,079
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310290
10
Let $\Gamma$ be an arithmetic lattice in a linear algebraic $\mathbb{Q}$-group $\mathbf{G}$, that is, $\Gamma$ is a subgroup of $\mathbf{G}(\mathbb{Q})$ that is commensurable with $\mathbf{G}(\mathbb{Z})$. For a prime $p$, we can consider $\Gamma$ as a subspace of $\mathbf{G}(\mathbb{Q}\_p)$. My question is: What d...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/20140
What does the $p$-adic closure of an arithmetic lattice look like?
Suppose $G$ is $\mathbb Q$ simple (i.e. has no connected normal algebraic subgroups which are defined over $\mathbb Q$) and is simply connected (i.e. $G(\mathbb C)$ is simply connected). Assume also that $G(\mathbb R)$ is not compact. With these assumptions, the closure of an arithmetic lattice in $G({\mathbb Z}\_p)$ i...
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/23291
310298
135,080
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310291
27
I've recently heard about an idea of Serre that for each finite group $G$ there exists a group scheme $X$ such that for each field $K$ the group $X(K)$ is naturally isomorphic to the unit group of $K[G]$. Unfortunately, the article where this fact was mentioned gave no reference, so I ask you if you know how to constru...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/88385
Serre's remark on group algebras and related questions
It's fairly easy to do this for finite groups. In fact, the functor $R \mapsto R[G]$ is naturally representable by a ring scheme: the underlying set functor is represented by $\mathbb A^n$ where $n = |G|$, and the ring structure comes from the functor of points $R \mapsto R[G]$. Write $Y$ for this ring scheme (say over...
24
https://mathoverflow.net/users/82179
310302
135,081
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310287
3
Denote by $\Omega^2({S}^2)$ the space of DOTTED maps from the $2-$sphere $S^2$ onto itself. And consider its FREE loop space $X=\mathcal{L}(\Omega^2({S}^2))=Maps(S^1, \Omega^2({S}^2))$. I think that $\pi\_0(X)$ is $\pi\_3(S^2)\oplus\pi\_2(S^2)$ where the integer in $\pi\_2(S^2)$ measures the degree of the map $\{\cdot\...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128744
How to compute $\pi_0$ of $Maps(S^1, \Omega^2({S}^2, p))$
I will assume that "dotted" means the same as "basepoint-preserving". There are homeomorphisms $$\mathcal L\Omega^2 S^2\cong \mbox{map}\_\*(S^1\_+\wedge S^2, S^2)\cong \mbox{map}\_\*(S^3/S^1, S^2).$$ Note that there is a homotopy equivalence $S^1\_+\wedge S^2\simeq S^3\vee S^2$. Therefore, there is a homotopy equiva...
6
https://mathoverflow.net/users/6668
310305
135,082
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310300
3
> > Let $S$ be a connected scheme, let $\pi : \mathbb{P}\_{S}^{r} \to S$ be projective $r$-space over $S$, and let $\mathcal{E}$ be a flat and locally finitely presented $\mathcal{O}\_{\mathbb{P}\_{S}^{r}}$-module. Is $\pi\_{\ast}(\mathcal{E}(n))$ (nonzero and) flat and locally finitely presented for $n \gg 0$? > > ...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/15505
Non-noetherian cohomology and base change
The answer to the question about flatness is no and here is a counterexample. Let $S\_n = \mathbf{A}^1$ with coordinate $t$ for $n\geq 1$ (over some base field). Let $$ \mathcal{A}\_n = \mathcal{O}\_{\mathbf{P}^1}(-n)\oplus \mathcal{O}\_{\mathbf{P}^1}(n). $$ We have a non-split extension $$ 0\to \mathcal{O}\_{\mathbf...
4
https://mathoverflow.net/users/3847
310313
135,084
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310316
15
(Disclaimer : I know very well that $SO(N)$ has a Lie algebra of dimension $N(N-1)/2$ etc. This absolutely not the point of my question.) To make my problem more understandable, I start with the example of $SO(2)$. All $SO(2)$ matrices $M$ can be written as ($\theta\in [0,2\pi[$) $$ M=\begin{pmatrix}\cos\theta & \sin...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/125359
Is the linear span of special orthogonal matrices equal to the whole space of $N\times N$ matrices?
**Elementary proof**. The linear space $E$ spanned by $SO\_n$ is the orthogonal of those matrices $M$ such that $\langle M,Q\rangle:={\rm Tr}(MQ)=0$ for every $Q\in SO\_n$. Let $M=SR$ be a polar decomposition, where $S\in Sym\_n^+$ and $R\in O\_n$. This decomposition is unique with $S\in SPD\_n$ if $M$ is non-singular,...
14
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8799
310321
135,088
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310322
3
Let $a$ and $b$ be non-intersecting closed geodesics on a hyperbolic surface. Can these curves be homotopied to transversely intersect but still be geodesics?
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128762
Intersecting geodesics on a surface from non-intersecting geodesics
No. The "geodesic parametrization" of a curve is unique (up to pre-composition with a rotation) in the curve's homotopy class. You can find more information in the book "A primer on mapping class groups". Edit: and Lee beat me to the answer by just two minutes! I'll leave this here for the reference.
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/1650
310333
135,091
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310339
5
Let $X$ be a connected $CW$-complex, such $\pi\_1(X)$ is torsion-free and $H\_k(X,\mathbb Z) = 0$ for all $k \geq N$ and some $N \in \mathbb N$. Then $(1)$ Does it follow that $X$ is homotopy-equivalent to its $N$-skeleton, i.e $X \simeq X^{(N)}$ ? $(2)$ If $(1)$ is false, does it follow that $X \simeq X^{(k)}$ fo...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/78554
On spaces with finite homological dimension
You can take $X=BG$ where $G$ is a torsion-free, acyclic group of infinite cohomological dimension. Acyclic means $H\_k(BG;\mathbb{Z})=0$ for $k>0$, and infinite cohomological dimension implies infinite geometric dimension, so $BG$ is not homotopy equivalent to any finite dimensional CW complex $Y$. Such a group theref...
8
https://mathoverflow.net/users/8103
310350
135,097
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310326
2
Recall that there are $$\frac{n!}{\prod^n\_{i = 1}i^{k\_i}k\_i!}$$ permutations in $S\_n$ which have cycle structure $(k\_1, \dots, k\_n)$, that is to say they have exactly $k\_1$ 1-cycles, $k\_2$ 2-cycles, ... and $k\_n$ n-cycles. The cycle index of $S\_m \times S\_n$ acting on the set $\{1, \dots, n\} \times \{1, \do...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128120
Cycle index of $(S_n \times S_n) \rtimes C_2$ acting on matrix indices by row/column permutation and transposition
The question is about cycle types of elements of the wreath product $G = (S\_n \times S\_n) \ltimes C\_2 \cong S\_n \wr C\_2$ in its product action on $\{1,\ldots, n\} \times \{1,\ldots, n\}$. The permutation $(\sigma, \rho, c) \in G$ is conjugate, by $(\rho^{-1},\mathrm{id}\_{S\_n},1)$, to $g = (\rho\sigma, \mathrm...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/7709
310351
135,098
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310143
4
Let $M$ and $N$ two very nice simplicial model categories and let $F:N\rightarrow M$ be a (nice) simplicial functor which induces an equivalence of homotopy categories, i.e. $Ho(F): Ho(N)\rightarrow Ho(M)$ is an equivalence of homotopy categories and it is well defined. We define the category $\pi\_{0}M$ as the categor...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128371
Simplicial model categories and simplicial equivalence
Since there is an answer to the question, I think I should write it down. There is a simple counterexample to my question: Let $M=N=sSet$ the standard model category of simplicial sets. Let $ex^{\infty}:sSet\rightarrow sSet$ the fibrant replacement functor. It is simplicial as it was noticed in the comments. $Ho(F)$...
2
https://mathoverflow.net/users/128371
310356
135,102
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/310335
9
It is of course completely standard that closed orientable surfaces have even Euler characteristic. What is the most elementary proof of this? More specifically, suppose I have a finite simplicial complex $K$ with vertices $V$, edges $E$ and faces $F$. I suppose that each edge is contained in precisely two faces, and...
https://mathoverflow.net/users/10366
Closed orientable surfaces have even Euler characteristic
The set of vertices can be split as the union $V=V\_{\text{odd}}\cup V\_{\text{even}}$ of vertices with odd and even degrees, respectively. Since the sum of degrees over all vertices is the same as twice the number of edges, we know that $|V\_{\text{odd}}|= 0\pmod 2$. Therefore we want to establish that $|V\_{\text{eve...
15
https://mathoverflow.net/users/2384
310362
135,105