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ELI5: How was it decided that people became "adults" when they turned 18? Why is that age significant? | 2,751 | In the Middle Ages 21 was considered the age of adulthood because that’s when young men were capable of wearing a full suit of armor. 21 stuck until the 20th century. The need for soldiers for WWII, Korea, and Vietnam wars saw 18 years olds drafted and an outcry that they could serve their country but not vote. This le... | 3,679 | |
ELI5: Why do Most Heisman trophy winners not do well in the NFL? | Is it just a lot of hype for the players who then can't handle it? Or something more? | 2,127 | Quarterbacks at the college level deal with a whole different type of defense and game then the NFL. That's why a lot of those quarterbacks who can scramble for big games in college turn out to be a bust. Players in the NFL are too quick and the defenses are too much for a scrambling quarterback to do very well, especi... | 1,466 |
ELI5: When measuring the blood pressure nurses often say numbers like"120 on 80". What exactly do those numbers mean and why do you die when they coincide? | 58 | The first number is the systolic pressure (when the heart is actively pumping), and the second number is diastolic (when the heart is resting).
120 over 80 is the a borderline healthy measurement on the high side.
High blood pressure is bad because it puts an undue strain on your heart, and comparing systolic and dia... | 39 | |
I rinse my fruit and veggies and pat them dry. are they really clean or is this just theatre? | 223 | Rinsing fresh fruits and vegetables is a good idea for getting rid of dirt. I'll let others handle the discussion of how it likely doesn't remove pesticides. Just make sure not to rinse them ahead of time--only just before eating. Many leafy plants wilt from getting wet after they've been picked. | 63 | |
ELI5: How are graphics still improving on consoles that dated hardware compared to gaming PCs? | Just looking at GTA V stuff and this came up. You would think with hardware that is 8 years old that things would have plateaued a while ago. What is going on? Are things becoming more efficient than I thought, hence the improvements?
Edit: Forgot to put "have" in the title, sorry! | 20 | Its pretty simple really. Think about legos. When you first start playing with them you can build some stuff, a car, maybe a house. After three years of using legos youve gotten pretty good. You can build the big sets no problem, your still following patterns and diagrams but your improving alot. After six years of pla... | 18 |
[Star Wars] Could a Jedi survive until the end of the Empire by hiding in the lower levels of Coruscant? | I know some might say they would be right under Palpatine's nose, but it still seems like a much better place to hide than on some distant planet. The distance between each planet isn't such a big deal for Vader and the Empire considering Hyperdrives are a thing. If Vader finds out a Jedi is hiding on a far away planet... | 122 | Highly unlikely. The empire heavily leveraged gangs as an unofficial branch of the imperial military. They funded and ignored syndicates willing to work with imperial space for a small tithe to weed out more disruptive gangs. A jedi bounty is worth too much for a gang seeking imperial favor to ignore. Every syndicate w... | 88 |
Saturns rings - are they "temporary"? | I recently read "Bang!: The Complete History of the Universe" by May, Moore, Lintott and there was a casual mention that humanity is lucky to be around to see Saturn's rings. They implied that the rings had "recently" (astronomically speaking) formed or will "soon" dissipate. They mention something about the rings be... | 33 | Yes, even in space there are solar winds, as well as frictional, tidal and gravitational forces acting on the rings that will continue disturb and little by little, will ultimately destroy the orbits of the particles composing the rings.
Note: Even Earth had rings for a good long time after the formation of the moon..... | 15 |
ELI5: Why if I sleep with the fan on I wake up with a sore throat? | 21 | I think its because you keep air circulating that it will become dry, as a result when you breathe in it will dry out your throat, making it sore in the mornings, take a glass of water to bed with you for just before you fall asleep and as you wake up, it will make a difference, alternatively turn the fan off and sleep... | 10 | |
CMV: I am not being unethical by not cutting down my personal CO2 emissions. | I believe that climate change is a big threat to future generations and that the world needs to reduce its CO2 emissions, by yesterday.
But in my personal life, I continue to go on intercontinental flights, I continue to drive a big car and live in a big house with patio heaters in the garden. Why don't I scale down ... | 28 | Your argument implies that supply is completely independent of demand. If 95% per cent of the population stopped using oil products, the price of oil would drop significantly, and there would be less incentive for companies to continue searching and extracting more oil. | 14 |
Why can't I weigh the earth by putting a scale upside-down? | PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE ANSWERING
This is a theoretical question about gravity not just a stupid question to be funny. Gravity pulls two objects with mass together. The force of gravity is equal to a mass of the object multiplied by an acceleration of a body (in this case, the acceleration of gravity). Both earth and ... | 3,437 | This is a brilliant question because in some sense you *are* measuring the earth's mass.
By Newton's third law, the force exerted on the scale by the earth is the same as the force exerted on the earth by the scale - you know, the 'equal and opposite reaction' law.
In this case that force is the force of gravity. T... | 4,014 |
How or why do babies know how to start breathing once they are born, yet they can live inside a fetus and breath no liquid in? | Does this mean, if some how we could oxygenate our blood and rid our selves of carbon dioxide via a machine. we could stop breathing? | 36 | When babies are inside the womb, oxygen is provided via maternal circulation. The mother breaths in and oxygenates her blood, and some of that blood is shunted towards the placenta, where gas exchange can occur with the fetal circulation. Fetuses have a different type of hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying molecule in re... | 11 |
[Star Wars] In what ways did the Empire do nothing wrong? | 43 | It provide peace, prosperity, and order to the Core Regions of the Galaxy. Petitions for the betterment for the citizens of the Empire are no longer hampered by bureaucracy and corrupt senators.
Military-wise, the Stormtrooper Corps and the Naval Corps are both meritocracy instead of relying on political connections ... | 35 | |
CMV: Nature isn’t just wild plants and the animals that roam the wilderness. Humans are a part of it too. Even our modern cities and technological advancements are “natural” | This very interesting discussion came up in an environmental anthropology class that I recently took. It’s something I never thought of and this idea started to change my idea of what we consider the “natural” world. After all...
Humans aren’t separate from nature. We are a part of it just like any other biological or... | 583 | The things made by mankind are, by definition, not natural.
> existing in or caused by nature; **not made or caused by humankind.**
Regardless of the fact that humans arose from nature, having a word that differentiates between the things humans have made and the things humans have not is useful in a variety of c... | 181 |
ELI5: how do watchmakers ensure that the second hand moves at the correct speed of exactly one second per tick? | 460 | Digital watches uses a crystal that vibrates a specific number of times a second. Mechanical watches use a balance wheel which is basically a wheel attached to a spring. The springs strength is calibrated so the wheel winds the spring in 1 second with the energy given to the wheel | 111 | |
ELI5: When memorizing people are told to memorize in chunks (7 chunks is what I always heard as a kid) because information outside those chunks are harder to recall. If so, why is it easy for most people to memorize complete songs? | 198 | Couple of reasons:
- You memorize the song in chunks too. You memorize a verse or a chorus (or even just a line in the verse/chorus) then you memorize the next one.
- Tying it to music helps **a lot**. Our brain is much better at remembering if you can tie information to other senses or sensations. | 213 | |
ELI5: Is Google licensing its Fiber Optics? | I just noticed today that AT&T is also offering gigabyte internet. Coincidentally they are offering in the same cities as Google Fiber.
First I thought Google was licensing, then I thought that would be introducing their own competitions to the cities. So who owns the Fiber Optics in those cities? | 32 | Google isn't licensing their fiber optics. What's happening is that Google is succeeding in their goal to force ISPs to step up their game. Google believes fast, affordable internet should be available to everyone. The current market is happy for a single ISP to have a monopoly over each area. Google is breaking that p... | 18 |
[LOTR] Why wouldnt Strider tell the hobbits about Gilgalad and Elendil while on their way to Weathertop? | He says that he doesnt think it should be told with enemies so nearby, but gives no reason for it. | 43 | Middle earth is very superstitious when it comes to the Enemy. The story of The Last Alliance can't be properly told without mentioning Sauron, and with the Nazgul so close, and the Ring right there, Aragorn probably believes that dark magic would happen, leading the Wraiths right to them. | 49 |
If China is keeping its currency artificially low, how does it avoid inflation from printing more money? | 51 | The Chinese government pegs its currency in order to control its money supply. The Chinese government decides upon an exchange rate and purchases foreign reserves through a process called sterilization in order to maintain the predetermined exchange rate. Sterilization is carried out by the Chinese central bank by exch... | 38 | |
Is the effect of electric field extending to infinity like the gravitational field? If no, to what distance do they extend? | I might be terribly wrong but I just thought of this based on Coulomb's Law. The r or radius/distance in the equation could be replaced by any large number and the electric force would still not be zero albeit so low that it's negligible. | 88 | Yes, in theory the electric field has unlimited range. However, there's a fundamental difference between the electric field and the gravitational field and that is the presence of two opposite charge polarities and the mechanism of "screening" that is a result of this.
When it comes to gravity, the "gravitational char... | 84 |
ELI5 What is the differences between Hepatitis A, B, and C? | 625 | The hepatitis viruses (including D and E also) were identified in a time when biologists and medical professionals knew very little about viruses, or where able to classify them appropriately. The word hepatitis means "inflammation of the liver," so naturally this is what all the hepatitis viruses have in common. They ... | 556 | |
ELI5: What was the Wirecard scandal? and what does Germany's current chancellor Scholz has to with it? | 17 | Wirecard was a whole big convoluted mess which boils down to a simple fraud. Essentially, in order to secure investments from outside sources, Wirecard claimed that it had about 2 billion dollars in cash reserves that it just...didn't. And it manipulated financial disclosures to make it seem like they did.
What did... | 36 | |
[Horror films general] Why is God so absent while His followers get tortured, mind-fucked by the Devil? | The Devil and his minions can always toys with humans and the only way to stop them is to hire a Priest with specific knowledge about exorcism, even through it's not 100% guarantee of success.
It seems like God is not even caring about His creation, he never hear the cries and pleas of the priests begging for Him to ... | 32 | Because Satan makes a bet with God to test the faith of humanity. God takes up the bet and lets Satan put humanity to the test to see if they remain faithful even through suffering.
See the Book of Job for another example of this.
God allowed Satan to kill Job's wife, children, and servants. Not only that but Job's w... | 34 |
CMV: Donald Trump saying that pregnancy is an inconvenience to businesses is not only fine, but true. | Hi Reddit
First let me skip the qualifications about how awful Trump is--I agree much of what he says is awful/untrue, but this is about something I think is overblown.
[This video](https://youtu.be/ESH49gTcaAU) came up in my FB newsfeed and at about the 1:50 mark one person conveys disgust that Trump suggested pregn... | 870 | The problem is not whether pregnancies are inconvenient for businesses, it's that businesses see women as inconvenient because of it. In a world where women and men are truly equal, men will take just as much time off work to take care of their kids which will not make women look like they're a problem as a potential e... | 1,203 |
[xmenmovies] Are the mutants always destined for extinction due to time travel paradoxes. | So in Days of Future Past the future is mess and the Sentinels have won. The mutants are on the brink of extinction and it doesn't appear like it is gonna get better. Wolverine however travels back in time and changes the timeline. This causes mutants to be exposed at an earlier date to the world. We know the world and... | 80 | It's the nature of mutation. Because of random mutations, each mutant has a random power set and power level. Eventually mutants will be born with the power to destroy all life on Earth. Either all the mutants die, or Earth suffers an apocalypse. | 45 |
CMV: If someone can legally enlist in the military, they should be able to legally sign themselves up for potentially inhumane and unethical scientific experiments. | I'll preface my view by stating that an unwilling subject should never have to undergo torture of any kind. This isn't a political observation about any country's foreign affairs. If I can willingly enlist into the military and risk my life for the sake of my country, I should be able to risk my life in a scientific an... | 438 | While we might agree that the post-WW2 use of US military force has been.... ethically questionable, the fact that sovereign states *need* a military is pretty well established. Indeed, the ability to defend one's territory from invasion is among the major requirements for asserting sovereignty.
Ok -- so countries ... | 79 |
[vampire lore] If I drink enough holy water, will my blood become toxic to vampires? | 17 | I know of no Catholic rite that involves *consuming* holy water, and vampires have been shown to be able to drink the blood of those who have been subject to the rite of baptism anyway, so... no.
Note that being splashed with holy water does coincide with the Catholic rite of baptism, so that should help you understan... | 26 | |
ELI5 - How do Open Source recreations of games stay alive? | Stuff like Open Morrowind, the browser Diablo game, the handful of Doom games, and others more seem like they'd be taken down immediately by the company owning the IP.
I mean sure, the maker built everything from scratch and from the ground up, but if it looks, walks, talks, and plays like an already existing and bel... | 42 | Sometimes they do, sometimes they don't. Sometimes they just don't care about old IPs or the company that held the IP is defunct. Sometimes the company will feel like it's good advertising or an indication that these old IPs are still valuable, and they might try to do something with that information later on down the ... | 29 |
[Marvel] How many characters in-verse are aware of Stan Lee’s existence? | 15 | In the 616 Marvel Universe, pretty much everyone. Stan Lee was a celebrated biographer and journalist, who along with Steve Ditko and Jack Kirby, published comics about the real life adventures of the Fantastic Four, and other heroes. Stan Lee's work in adapting the early adventures of the Avengers, Captain America, Ir... | 24 | |
How does space affect heat-seeking munitions/weapons? | Really three questions.
Hey folks. I'm a SciFi Writer. I have a few questions, to inform a short story I'm working on. Thank you in advance.
Anyhow, on to my questions.
1) I can remember reading or hearing that heat travels through space via radiation. How would this affect heat seeking missiles (suppose a craft is ... | 80 | Heat seeking missiles / munitions detect infrared radiation to home in on their target.
Every object emits so-called thermal radiation, which is just electromagnetic radiation (just like light). The amount and wavelength of this radiation depends on the temperature of the object. Hot objects will emit more thermal rad... | 38 |
Can I be a "picky" Wittgensteinian? | I have noticed that sometimes I will take a (late-period) Wittgensteinian approach in response to questions; other times, however, I won't. For example, in response to the question "When does a mass of sand become a 'heap'?", I'd just dismiss the question on Wittgensteinian grounds. But if I were asked about being, the... | 32 | I feel that a lot of philosophers do that (think that some but not all problems arise from linguistic confusions), but I'll stay with a P. Horwich quote from *Wittgenstein's Metaphilosophy*:
> One doesn’t need to endorse Wittgenstein’s general anti-theoretical
metaphilosophy in order to appreciate that some problem... | 23 |
CMV:I shouldn't have to say "East Indian" when talking about Indian people, and it makes no sense to call Native Americans "Indians." | I am Canadian, but I think this applies to all of North America. I just don't understand why people, even educated, sensible people, still refer to Native Americans as "Indians" or "American Indians." It seems to me that people from India should be called Indians, and they should have a complete monopoly on that term. ... | 169 | "American Indian" is, obviously, an exonym, a name for a foreign concept invented in a language that those foreign people do not speak. And if you want to fight against exonyms in English, well, you're gonna have a rough time. Why do we call Deutschland "Germany"? Why do we call the city of Wien "Vienna"? Why do we cal... | 76 |
[Star Wars] What does Boba Fett spend his money on? | He's clearly one of the top Bounty Hunters, rarely fails a job, and charges premium prices. Where does all that money go?
BONUS QUESTION: What does the droid IG-88 spend his bounty hunter money on? | 95 | >He's clearly one of the top Bounty Hunters, rarely fails a job, and charges premium prices. Where does all that money go?
You gotta retire one day. Plus his kit is not cheap.
>What does the droid IG-88 spend his bounty hunter money on?
His plan to take over the galaxy with an army of droids. They actually tak... | 94 |
What happens when lightning strikes in the ocean? | Typically, when electric current goes through a small body of water, like a bathtub, the water carries current and results in someone sitting in the tub being shocked.
However, obviously when lightning strikes the ocean, the whole world doesn't get electrocuted. So...
How far does the ocean (or any large body of wat... | 480 | According to Wikipedia, an average lightning bolt consists of 30KA and 100KV, thus when it strikes the water it will need to go through 3.33 Ohms of resistance before dissipating. A meter of salt water at 20 Degrees C has 0.20 ohms, so assuming a straight path down, worst case scenario (think a string of resistors in a... | 179 |
[King of the Hill] What is it about Bobby that Cotton likes so much? | Given that Cotton regularly berated Hank for his supposed lack of masculinity, why was he so fond of Bobby -- a boy who has shown time and time again that he ain't right? | 30 | I think it's sort of like all the surplus unconditional affection that Cotton withheld from Hank basically overflowed down to Bobby and Good Hank.
Plus Cotton seems to respect Bobby eccentricities and sensitivity because he totally owns it. | 41 |
ELI5: What is the difference between the Classical concept of full employment and Keynesian concept of full employment | I am having a hard time on understanding the concept. I have minimal knowledge on economics and I am seeking here for an explanation about this. Thank you people. | 232 | In classical full employment, everyone has a job. In Keynesian full employment, everyone who wants a job has a job. If someone is moving from a Walmart stocker to spaceX engineer, it’s probably a good thing that they were unemployed for a month. | 187 |
[Marvel]Is the Daily Bugle considered "fake news" because they report Spider-man to be a menace when he's obviously not? | It seems that the people of NYC know that Spider-man is a hero, but J. Jonah Jameson and the Bugle report that he is a menace to the city. How does the world treat the Bugle's credibility? | 132 | There's a legitimate reason to say that Spiderman is a vigilante and a menace . . . because he is. Spiderman goes about dispensing his own justice, often on petty criminals, and answers to no one for it. What if he mistakes someone for a thug? What if he seriously injures or kills one of them (both of which have happen... | 170 |
[Mass Effect] What would happen if the Vorcha were uplifted instead of the Krogan to fight the Rachni? | The Vorcha also seem like suitable candidates for the Rachni wars. They are tough, breed fast, insanely adaptable, and regenerate.
| 43 | They would have gotten their asses kicked as Krogan are warriors from the moment they are born, and vorcha are nothing but scavengers.
The Rachni would have wiped the floor with them, proceeded to destroy the citadel species, and by the time humanity arrives to the stars they find it covered by an empire of homicidal ... | 47 |
ELI5: What's the difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance? | 20 | Tax avoidance is legally reducing your amount owed to the lowest you possibly can. This can be done thru itemizing expenses, qualifying for credits, etc.
Tax evasion is intentionally deceiving the tax system to get a lower tax amount owed. This is abusing and defrauding the system and can lead to significant penalties... | 41 | |
[Sponsored Content] What sociological/economic/statistical evidence is there that always online DRM contributes to sustainable software development and innovation? | 43 | This is a very good question!
First of all, as the FBI has proven, piracy contributes to economic decline. This is due to the well known effect of sociological dispersion.
Imagine the economy like a giant oil tank, ferrying money throughout America! Now imagine that this oil tank was attacked by selfish pirates! The ... | 30 | |
CMV: Killing animals for pleasure is wrong | Hi all!
I've recently been thinking a lot about the subject of ethics and how they apply to the treatment of animals in the modern day and age (especially in the food/meat/dairy industry, obviously). I've come to the conclusion that I could get rid of animal products in my diet and go totally vegan without any health ... | 1,801 | what about invasive or overpopulated species? Would you be ok culling them in order to preserve the indigenous species?
Obviously it would be ideal use them for food, fur/skins, etc. but even if we don't, there would still be a benefit to preserving the other animals in the ecosystem. | 351 |
I believe it's hypocritical for people to be fighting for gay marriage, while simultaneously disagreeing with polygamy. CMV | Someone pointed out to me that many of the arguments that are used to support gay marriage rights are also apply to polygamy.
I don't know anyone who doesn't support gay marriage, but the few that I've asked about polygamy are either reserved in making a decision, or outright disagree with it. | 63 | Polygamy destabalizes countries because of the ability of the top men to take a lot of women. Polyandry has never been able to take up the slack. Leaving 50% of your young male population with no chance of getting laid let alone having a family leads to lots of disgruntled violent men and subsequent instability | 28 |
ELI5: How would a civilization that does not use money (like in Star Trek) work? | 29 | Assuming we're talking specifically about futuristic societies, they're post-scarcity - there's no longer that battle for resources. Because of virtually infinite energy, everyone and anyone can live a life of leisure.
If you look at Star Trek, Deep Space 9, you'll see a few examples of a place where money and/or bart... | 38 | |
Why does your throat get sore? | This might be a really silly question, sorry.
When you get a cold, why does your throat get sore? I understand why your nose might run or get blocked and why you might have a cough or a headache etc, but I can't think of why your throat gets sore. What immune purpose does it serve? | 583 | Long story short, when your cells become injured or infected by bacteria or viruses they kill themselves. When it's dry out the mucus that normally lines your throat dries up faster than it can coat/keep your throat clear and clean and the cells lining your throat die or get killed by your immune system to prevent othe... | 669 |
[Assassins Creed: Origins] How can Bayek fire five arrows from one bow with no energy dispersion. | In [this trailer](https://youtu.be/cUuKIpCM2o0) from E3 (at 1:34) Bayek loads five arrows into the same bow and fires, killing five enemies. How can five arrows fly at what seems to be the same speed and power as one, when the energy of the bow would have to dispearse into each arrow? Wouldn't each arrow only have 20% ... | 19 | We have no idea what the draw strength is on that bow; the accuracy alone in that shot is superhuman, so it's entirely possible that his strength is also superhuman. Couple that with an abnormal bow (and something like that is entirely within possibility, given other Precursor artifacts and the technical knowledge they... | 20 |
[Avatar] Did Ozai care for Zuko in any capacity outside of practicality? | Like, at *all?* | 21 | He didn't even care about Azula outside of a practical capacity.
also you know if you've ever played ck2/3 you know you'd have done the same as him (ie fucking over zuko to insure azula is your heir) in a heartbeat. In the game, not with real kids, unless you're actually also a sociopath, but point stands. | 46 |
ELI5: What is the difference between Country A printing more currency, and Country B giving Country A currency? I understand why printing more currency can lead to inflation, but am confused about why the second scenario does not also lead to inflation. | 7,212 | Printing more money is like having a pizza that is cut as 8 slices, and you cut it into 16 slices. You have more slices but it's the same amount of pizza. Getting money from another country is like another country giving you a second pizza. Not right now, but down the road you need to give them back a pizza, or possibl... | 2,850 | |
How is fresh water created on remote islands surrounded by the salty ocean water? In other words how did ancient societies get enough drinking water in Oceania? Do the islands just have to be big enough? | I was just watching a video about the Mahjapahit(?) and they mentioned how a certain island was important for its drinking water. What does that mean? What process occurs to let some islands have fresh water? | 87 | Freshwater isn’t so much created as collected on islands.
The term you are looking for is “freshwater lens”.
Essentially, if conditions are right, rainwater can collect in the soil of an island and float on top of the more dense seawater far below in the soil.
If this is a sustainable system, then everything is go... | 105 |
ELI5: Where does the cholesterol come from in shrimp, where is it located? They don't feel greasy or fatty. | 20 | The membrane of every animal cell contains cholesterol.
That being said, if you're worried about it, don't. Dietary cholesterol (e.g. from egg yolks or shrimp) have only a small effect on your cholesterol levels. It's the trans and saturated fats you have to worry about, so go easy on the cheeseburgers! | 28 | |
ELI5: If I broke my leg 5000 years ago, how would have my tribesmen have treated me? | 43 | Into the soup pot you'd go.
KIDDING KIDDING.
Five thousand years ago tribes and farming communities would have had someone specializing in medicine. You likely would have been splinted and doing something like bedrest while the rest of the tribe looked after you as much as they could.
However in some societies if y... | 40 | |
What do I say to someone who claims everything they claim or state is just their opinion? | I would get in arguments with people and then suddenly they would just say it’s their opinion and I should respect it. It’s very frustrating because it’s never goes anywhere. | 46 | You could ask them any number of things:
* Why are they presenting their opinion as fact if it is merely an opinion?
* Why should their opinion be respected if it is not rooted in fact?
* Do they have an obligation to update their opinion if the facts contradict their opinion? | 74 |
CMV: Self defense is a fundamental human right. | I was listening to the podcast [Common Sense, by Dan Carlin](http://www.dancarlin.com/common-sense-home-landing-page/) and he recently touched on the topic of gun control.
He mentioned that recently some Jewish leaders in Europe have begun petitioning for the ability to arm some of their population for need of self d... | 63 | >There is no acceptable reason to prevent any group which is being attacked or threatened with illegal attacks from defending itself in any way reasonable.
Nobody disputes this, and framing your argument as being about the right to self-defense is deceptive - you are actually arguing that guns are a "reasonable" ... | 45 |
[Star Wars] Clone troopers have a brotherly relation with their fellow troopers, but they seem oddly unfazed when their brothers die right beside them. How come? | So I have been rewatching 2008 Clonewars and after watching countless troopers get slaughtered, surviving troopers seem oddly ok after watching their brothers get blown to pieces.
Are they engineered to suppress grief? It's just so odd that to say you love your brother and to be ok after watching them be gunned down.... | 34 | Well we can't usually see the expressions on their faces. But they're trained to expect and cope with this sort of thing, it wouldn't do to break down in sorrow during a mission. Fight now, grieve later. | 53 |
[Marvel] When faced with a global threat, why doesn't Tony Stark just outfit all the Avengers with their own Iron Man suit? | The members with no powers, like Widow and Hawkeye, would actually be useful and those with powers can seriously be buffed. What better than Captain America? A Captain America that can fly and shoot shield rockets. | 22 | He's outfitted a few people before, but they all end up ditching the suits eventually. By the time you're in Stark's radar, you've spent hundreds if not not thousands of hours honing your skills and abilities. Putting on a suit would add a new variable and you'd have to spend even more time training just to use it prop... | 24 |
ELI5: if wifi is just a different frequency of radio signal, why can't we broadcast free wifi to everyone from radio towers (like we do with radio)? | 3,357 | A radio station is like a man giving a speech to a crowd. If you want to make the crowd bigger, all you need is a louder speaker system.
WiFi is more like a conversation -- your computer asks a specific question ("Can you tell me the Wikipedia article on cheetahs, please?") and receives a customized answer ("The cheet... | 4,682 | |
[Marvel's Wolverine] Wolverine is over 200 years old, shouldn't he be extremely intelligent/wise or have a slew of people working for him. kinda like vandal savage but maybe not to that extent? | They make my boy wolverine out to be a bitch in these movies, first of all we need a rated R wolverine flick for the true fans who grew up watching him. Now that i got that outta the way, wolverine should be if not smart an extremely wise man, with friends in high and low places all over the world. Like in the last Wol... | 73 | why? He hasn't devoted his time to anything of that nature, he's suffered brain damage often, and he's a mutant so he's naturally got the public against him.
Life doesn't just fall into place for an old person, you've got to forge those relationships if you expect them to be there in the future, you've got to actually... | 129 |
CMV: Treating Gender Dysphoria by Gender Reassignment is cruel and counterproductive. | Let me make my point perfectly clear right off the bat: I am not open to debate about whether gender dysphoria exists. It exists and I don't wish to debate that. I hold that it's a mental illness which does sometimes cure itself in some cases, but not all. I also hold that gender reassignment regret exists, but is rare... | 346 | It's a philosophical question. Are you your **body**, or your ~~brain~~ **mind**? For most people the answer is both, but if you had to choose between the two, which would you choose?
The most humane solution would be to let each person decide for themselves. | 227 |
[The Boys] WTF was Stormfront’s lightning working on Starlight? | I know the real answer is the probably classic meta “we needed Stormfront to be winning the fight, so yes,” but I’m really curious if there’s any possible sane in-world answer that doesn’t involve absurd mental gymnastics.
After making a very fine point multiple times that Starlight is an energy absorber, Annie is my... | 71 | Too much energy way too fast. Maybe someday Starlight could learn to harness lightning and make use of it, but apparently not yet. Would be cool to see her learn this in future seasons tho!
Modern trolleys run on high voltage, but they have built in lighting arrestors in order to dissipate the huge spike of energy th... | 80 |
A very bright light can damage your sight, and very loud sounds can do the same to your hearing. Can a very strong odour damage your sense of smell? | 2,685 | Both a bright light and a loud sound are high concentrations of energy, but a strong smell is a high concentration of particles. That means the smell can get saturated to the point that it really can't smell any stronger.
[edit]: any smell that would damage your olfactory sense receptors would likely do so at any conc... | 2,093 | |
[Pokemon] Hey, so I've just caught the physical incarnations of every major cosmic principle in the universe. Is this bad? | So, you know the powerful cosmic beings who embody and control (at last count): earth, sea, sky, plantlife, knowledge, emotion, free will, time, space, antimatter, dreams, nightmares, Ying and Yang, life, death, order, the sun and the moon? Also the creator of the universe? So, in total, basically everything in reality... | 714 | Do you remember when you were playing a global match and you fought that other Arceus? Did that seem at all confusing to you?
Most often Legendaries you catch are not avatars of the godlike beings, but mere Aspects, slivers of the greater whole spun off to aid worthy trainers. You did not stick God in your pocket. | 589 |
[Hard Sci-fi] What would an interstellar organization governing 16 planets look like? | I'm trying to create a somewhat hard, or at least justifiable, science fiction idea of what such an organization would look like. It is independent and has a population of 20 billion.
Furthermore I want them to sit somewhere between 1.15 to 1.35 on the Kardashev scale. I know it's a large range but still Given these p... | 27 | How hard? In particular, is there FTL communication? FTL shipping?
If not, it would have to be very loosely connected. Even with FTL communication, if trade takes too long or is too expensive there likely wouldn't be a strong connection. Then again, maybe intellectual property is the only thing that's really valuable,... | 15 |
How do plants know which direction to lean towards in search of light? | For instance, indoors where there's minimal light coming from one window like 30 ft away. Does the plant sense the UV radiation similar to how we feel 'hot' vs 'cold'? | 3,033 | In a nutshell, yes. At the tips of the plant shoots are hormones called auxins, which are responsive to light and function in making the plant get taller. They auxins themselves are negatively phototropic, which means they migrate to the side of the plant that is getting less sunlight. So, shine a light from the nor... | 1,840 |
ELI5 Does a medications half life continue to leave your body at the same rate after the half-life is reached? | 26 | For first-order elimination, half of it gets eliminated in the first half-life; another quarter gets eliminated in the second half-life; then an eight of it in the third half-life, then a sixteenth, and so on. The "rate" in terms of the length of one half-life stays the same, but the "rate" in terms of milligrams per ... | 14 | |
Why do google/microsoft/firefox care if I use their browser or not? | What do they get out of it? | 20 | Ad revenue. Firefox gets millions of dollars a year from Google for using their search engine for the Firefox start page and as the default search bar at the top right. Google increases it's own revenue by doing the same on Chrome, and Microsoft is pushing IE more now that they have Bing. | 19 |
ELI5: the difference in time signatures, including the more complex (to me) ones used in jazz, like 6/8, 7/4, etc. | i have yet to find an explanation that can change the only example i’ve ever known which is 4/4. is it just how many notes can fit into a bar? why can’t the bars just be made longer? don’t all notes and bars have to eventually come back to an even number, like in 4/4? 12 is all i can thing about... | 37 | The bottom number indicates which type of note is a *beat*. Quarter notes (4), eighth notes (8), etc.
The top number indicates how many beats per measure.
So 6/8 says that eighth notes are a beat and there will be 6 beats per measure.
7/4 says that quarter notes are a beat and there will be 7 beats per measure. | 11 |
ELI5: How do you store energy/electricity? | If i were to build a dam in a river, to focus the flow of the water and try to harness it. I guess i would create some sort of wheel that would be spun by the power of the water. How do i turn this into energy and eventually even store it? | 23 | Imagine you have a long line of golf balls, all touching and side by side. This is a wire, lets say its a copper wire because copper is easy to make into the long wire and its something the imaginary golf balls have an easy time rolling in (it could also be made from steel and some other metals). These golf balls are e... | 18 |
CMV, a yellow card during in a football game should be followed by a 10 minutes suspension. | Having a yellow card during a soccer game has almost no impact on the game. In my opinion, the rules and the fact that there was no VAR until now encourages situations in which players will fake an injury (yes, I just saw Mbappé faking) to get a free kick. The only result, if the player is caught red handed as Mbappé w... | 19 | Yellow cards are a warning. Red are the ones that come with punishments. Your recommendation basically just eliminates yellow and turns them into red.
As for faking injury, that should result in ejection from the game, not a penalty in time. | 11 |
[Marvel] In "Deadpool kills the Marvel Universe" | How did he kill Copycat, that X-man that he was in love with, that crazy lady that raped him by pretending to be the X-man he was in love with, Squirrel girl, Doctor doom, the Silver Surfer, Thanos, and the other guy(s) in the panel with the SS and Thanos? | 26 | Ironically, despite Deadpool's stated desire to break free from his creators' shackles, he was never doing anything but what they wanted. They allowed him to kill those characters because it amused them. | 27 |
ELI5: How does putting someone in an induced coma prevent further brain damage? | When someone suffers a serious head injury, they can be put into an induced coma to reduce the chance of further brain damage. How is someone put into an induced coma, and how does being in an induced coma prevent further brain damage? | 61 | They generally don't just put you in a coma then say "good enough!" and walk away, they generally put you in a coma so they can do a thing to you that you'd not put up with if you were awake, like they cut part of your skull off and leave your head open or they cool your brain way down to stop swelling.
if your brain... | 37 |
If there is no memory of something is it of any value? | This thought occurred to me after I had a dream that I couldn't remember. The dream made me depressed, but now I cannot even remember what it was about. But I can still remember the feeling, so I would argue that it mattered even if I cannot remember it. If I didn't remember this feeling either, then did it matter a... | 17 | I don't know about the last paragraph. But, some philosophers have what's called a 'desire-satisfaction' account of personal well-being, which entails not just that you don't need to remember something for it to have been good or bad for you, you don't even need to have experienced it. The classic example is this: imag... | 12 |
CMV: There should be a 72 hour waiting period to purchase any firearm | Many states already have some sort of waiting period to purchase a firearm; however, I believe there should be a blanket 72 hour minimum waiting period to purchase and pick up a firearm. This law should not only account for purchases made in a store, but purchases made privately or at a gun show.
I recognize that enfo... | 16 | A partner files a restraining order and purchases a firearm after being beaten by their domestic abuser. They have to wait three days to practice the right of self defense protected by the bill of rights, and get confronted and beaten to death on hour 64... | 16 |
ELI5:How did the Australians lose the Emu War | 49 | There were only a few soldiers assigned to eradicate the emu, a small amount of ammunition and their main weapon was a machine gun on a car, they were unsuccessful because an emu can often take more than one shot to kill and even then can run a long way before it does, making it difficult for the soldiers to assess how... | 57 | |
How does SARS-CoV-2 proof read its RNA replication? | I've read in a number of articles that SARS-CoV-2 has a low mutation rate because corona viruses check their copied RNA for errors.
I thought that viruses used the internal processes of the cells they invade to handle replication so what is "proof reading" the replication as before replication the virus has made no p... | 3,111 | So, first you aren't really that far off here. Generally speaking viruses hack the machinery of the cell to replicate. But, just about every virus has a viral genome that encodes for a few, or in some cases many, proteins. It all just depends on the virus, it's evolutionary history, and the type of genome is has (Dn... | 1,307 |
CMV: The United States should adopt the green running man pictogram as its sole exit sign. | Pretty self-explanatory, I think the United States should adopt the [green running man pictogram](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/PublicInformationSymbol_EmergencyExit.svg). It's used in most areas of the world(the EU, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, China, and a few years ago it was adopted in Canad... | 37 | > It's green, the colour of safety, as opposed to red which is the colour of danger.
Or for us the colour of emergency. We have red fire trucks, red ambulances, red fire extinguishers... etc...
These things are usually also 1) Near a door; 2) Near a fire alarm; 3) Lit in a dark place like a theatre to guide you; ... | 24 |
ELI5 why people with Alzheimer's forget things like their age, name, friend's faces etc but not how to breath, talk or walk? | 45 | Alzheimers is degenerative disease of the cerebral cortex. This is the part of the brain that deals with memory, attention, thought, language, awareness and the like. So the disease affects a part of the brain that controls a separate function from the examples you gave.
The Brain Stem is the part of the brain that ... | 34 | |
CMV: Limes are superior to lemons | A quick google search tells me that lemon and limes are almost impossible to differentiate nutritionally. I'm not arguing that. I'm arguing that limes are superior because they're tastier and more versatile than lemons.
Limes have a sweeter, more flavourful taste. Whereas lemons are more bitter and sour, overriding a... | 57 | Lime being more flavorful is its strength and its weakness.
Lemon juice is useful as a short-term preservative - slicing apples but then drizzling a little lemon juice can slow the browning of apple slices. Therefore, if you need to slice them now, but don't need them for ten minutes, Lemon Juice can be very helpful.... | 24 |
[Game of Thrones] What were the salaries of the members of the Small Council? | When House Bartheon was the royal house, how much was each member of the Small Council paid for their role serving the Seven Kingdoms? Did they receive additional payment for their time spent on council or was is volunteer duty expected in their position?
Council Members include
* Hand of the King
* Master of War
... | 21 | None of them get a salary, this is feudalism, baby.
Every member of the small council is a landed noble. They have lands that generate income. If they, or the king, feels that is insufficient he will assign them more as the king will have some estates in his name that are being managed by other nobles he can hand ... | 57 |
ELI5: Why do we believe an asteroid killed off the dinosaurs? | 87 | 67 million years ago there’s dinosaur fossils everywhere in the rock layer.
65 million years ago there’s *zero* dinosaur fossils.
In between is a thin layer of ash and iridium. Iridium is very rare on earth, but common in asteroids. A global layer of ash would suggest something cataclysmic happened, incinerating fo... | 416 | |
ELI5: How come when some people get in contact with poison Ivy, oak, or sumac; they break out in blisters. What is happening for this reaction to occur? | 56 | I type this with a hand covered in poison ivy =(
It's caused by an oil called "Urushiol". Yes, Poison Ivy, Sumac, and Oak all have the same stuff that makes the rash, although it may be different amounts/concentrations.
In 5 year old terms, what happens is this oil gets in contact with your skin, and over the course... | 24 | |
[Star Trek] Telepathy is an uncommon trait. Yet the universal translator reads brain waves to translate speech, doesn't it? How is such a technology common? | And why does it work on the Ferengi, who are supposed to be immune to telepathy due to their unusual brain structure? | 69 | The Universal Translator does not read brain waves. It looks for (or interpolates) common language structures in a given language, then uses that structure to provide a translation map to/from that language. The concept is probably best demonstrated on the DS9 episode "Sanctuary" where the Gamma Quadrant visitors' lang... | 68 |
ELI5: How do heatwaves, like the one currently affecting the UK happen? | One week, we can have a cloudless sky and the temperature be no more than 20-25°C. This week we have a cloudless sky and the temperature has reached approaching 40°C. What factors cause the huge difference in temperature? | 22 | Air on Earth doesn't heat up evenly due to the angle of the sun, weather, and geography (eg. water and land heat up at different rates). Sometimes a heated air mass from a warm region goes places where they normally don't - like to the UK. It's usually hard to predict where air masses go, but they have patterns. These ... | 29 |
ELI5: Now that we have hudreds of years of history to look back on, on top of computer technology--why is there such debate on how an economy should be run? | I would think we could look throughout time and see things like varying tax rates vs. a countries economic performance (among hundreds of other economic factors) to figure out the proper way to run an economy. Is the fact that we have a huge globally connected economy and contact changes in technology the issue? | 19 | This is like saying that by now we should have more than enough data to fully understand and build a human brain. No. Just no.
An economy is a horrendously complex thing. You can't just look at a few variables like that and decide that you've figured it out. That would be very much like deciding that since we've fi... | 20 |
CMV: I think that we should abolish the minimum wage and replace it with universal basic income. | We are rapidly reaching a point where automation will completely replace all entry level and medium to low skill jobs. As a result, it will be incredibly difficult for people to raise themselves up out of poverty in our current system. Only so many of us can become programmers and/or contribute on a financially meaning... | 382 | > We are rapidly reaching a point where automation will completely replace all entry level and medium to low skill jobs.
We've been saying this for decades, if not over a century at least now. We'll still have many things that humans do far better than robots for at least the next few decades. We'll even see a rise... | 116 |
ELI5: If we can figure out secure online banking, why not secure online voting? | 22 | Because banking is almost but not quite the exact opposite of voting.
In banking you want a to keep a meticulous paper trail that allows you to tie every transaction to someones account. In voting you want to do everything you can to avoid a paper trail that lets you tie a voter to a specific vote. | 25 | |
[Star Wars] Why are the surfice of star destroyers and other warships so greebled? | For those who dont know, [greeble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeble) is the process of adding details to a flat surfice to make them look[ more "scifi"](https://www.toolfarm.com/images/uploads/featured_images/xkuroyume_greebler_feat.jpg.pagespeed.ic.dsNU3cjD8h.jpg). Now, i understand *why* they are there, it look... | 111 | I’m guessing that a lot of the stranger aspects of Star Wars military tech can be chalked up to the fact that a lot of it was “recently” rediscovered on their time scales.
Starting from the Clone Wars, they had to reinvent the wheel, so to speak, regarding how to fight interstellar wars.
The 3 years of the Clone War... | 83 |
ELI5:US Supreme Court: King v. Burwell. Obamacare subsidies | In light of the recent ruling on King v. Burwell (in favor of the Government, 6-3) and the number of questions it's already creating we decided to make this sticky thread. Feel free to ask any questions related to this ruling in this post or offer an explanation of the ruling and the background behind it. | 221 | "Obamacare" made health insurance exchanges. Each state had the option of making their own exchange, or using the federal exchange.
The part of the law in question gives federal money to people who are within 100% to 400% of the federal poverty line.
However, the law technically says the federal money can go to peopl... | 82 |
[Star Wars] Spoiler Question about Mandalorian and Moff Gideon | After watching the episode and knowing the rules of the dark saber did Moff Gideon throw the fight with the Mandalorian to intentionally cause friction for him and Bo Katan since Mandalorian cannot just give her the dark saber | 24 | He might have given how much he knows about various things and that his dark troopers were on the way back. More likely he fought and lost but made sure din took the saber rather than leave it behind as an alternative way to split the team's priorities as the dark troopers returned. | 29 |
Has Cancer always existed or is it a modern disease? | Is cancer a product of our modernization? Or has it always existed even for much older generations like in the 12th century and the like?
Did it exist in a different name? Etc etc | 72 | Two factors make it seem more prevalent today. We are much better at detecting cancer, especially less apparent ones that don't form obvious masses. Secondly, people are less likely to die from other things. Cancer is pretty much inevitable if you live long enough, so if you aren't dying from infectious diseases, acci... | 93 |
[General Sci-Fi] What are some realistic reasons aliens would want to conquer Earth? | 144 | I really like the concept behind the aliens in XCOM: Enemy Unknown.
Spoilers ahead if you care about that kind of thing.
So in XCOM you slowly learn through the course of the campaign that all the different kinds of aliens you are fighting are not one species, but several, that have been heavily modified through gene... | 178 | |
How do you concretely exploit the fact that a qubit can be in several states knowing that observing it is fixing its state ?* | I think that I understand the superposition principle but I don't understand how can a quantum system can use it to explore more combination of qbit at once. For example factorisation ? | 161 | You mess around with it while it's still in superposition to get the answer you want to interfere constructively and the answers you don't want to interfere destructively. For example, suppose you have some function where if you plug in state A, it gives 1/sqrt(2)(C+D), and if you plug in state B, it gives 1/sqrt(2)(C-... | 45 |
CMV: Liberalism isn't anti-hate | Advocates of liberal ideologies tend to explain the basic premise of their views to me as "anti-hate" or "anti-discrimination" (sometimes exactly like that, sometimes in more words). However when I look at liberal views, they seem just as hateful, just at new targets. We don't hate black people, we hate racists (and we... | 45 | There are a lot of wealthy liberals, and a lot of Christian liberals, particularly outside of America. Those people don't hate themselves, or each other. Liberals hate power structures that benefit the strong over the weak. They hate the idea of forcing the unusual to conform with the strong.
Racism against non-white... | 52 |
For those who have sold programs, script or projects, how did you come up with the idea and how did you sell it? | Im working on a program i wrote for automating some of the tasks as an insurance seller and my company is paying me 500$ a month (which is too cheap as my script is able to make the company tens of thousands a month)
We were tasked to prospect at home so that we had people to call the day after and i told my boss that... | 33 | I think you’re on the right track for how to build/sell projects. Find a _real_ problem, build a proof of concept, sell it to a few customers, then grow your business until you can sell the company. Next time you should work on it as a side project/business so your current employer doesn’t own the legal rights to it. | 21 |
I don't think it's bad that many people don't vote, because it means the votes of those who are informed and committed count for more. CMV | If someone doesn't vote, surely they either don't know enough about the issues for their vote to be worth anything anyway, or they don't have any issues that they see any party can solve. So their vote isn't going to be very considered, and is more likely to be chosen based on superficial factors.
For each person like... | 52 | Apathetic, largely centrist voters are a good check against ideologically driven voters. If the majority of people voting are those with rigid views who strongly favor one side, then candidates have more incentive to campaign with less moderate views to appease their party and prevent a primary challenge. This is one d... | 16 |
CMV: Trump is most likely going to win re-election in November | The writing really seems like it's on the wall for a 2016 repeat. We had multiple amazing candidates, but, in the end, it's most likely going to be the worst candidate picked in the DNC, Joe Biden, whom is barely more likable than Hillary Clinton. Buttegeig and Yang dropped out, and Sanders doesn't look like he'll get ... | 18 | Trump’s approval ratings are near the lowest of his entire presidency. He could barely fill 25% of an arena in a state he won by 32 points last election. Nearly every national poll has him down by 10+ points (well outside the margin of error) and he is losing by similar margins in most swing state polls.
Now, none of... | 21 |
ELI5: How/why are we able to physically feel emotions? | This morning I was laying next to my boyfriend and I found myself missing him. Physically, my chest felt tight and buzzy. I remember in high school physically feeling my heart break after break ups. Or the butterfly in your stomach feeling. How and why does this happen? | 28 | It has been proven that the brain perceives emotional pain in a similar way to physical pain.
Missing someone causes stress and worry to which brain answers with the physical response of muscle tightness, increased heart rate and shortness of breath.
A heartbreak results into insane amounts of stress which activate t... | 29 |
ELI5: Why AT&T merging with T-Mobile is triggering antitrust challenges but Sirius/XM merging is not an issue. | There are no other players in the satellite radio world so it seems like Sirius/XM have a monopoly on things there. AT&T/T-Mobile merging still leaves Sprint, Verizon and a bunch of local type carriers (Cricket, etc.) so that doesn't seem to be as big of a deal. | 269 | The argument for the Sirius/XM merger was that it competes with terrestrial radio (AM/FM/HD Radio), thus the two entities combining would not create a monopoly. Also, unlike maintaining the exorbitant cost of cell towers, it's conceivable someone could come along and start their own satellite radio service to compete w... | 105 |
Why are Europe and Asia considered separate continents? | 61 | Historical reasons. There isn't a strict definition of what constitutes a continent.
edit: It should also be mentioned that in some places, Europe+Asia are considered one continent, and in other places North+South America are considered one continent. | 96 | |
ELI5: why is the US the only country, apart from Liberia and Burma, not to have adopted the International System of units? | 9,213 | The short answer about this is that the US *has* officially adopted it. But nobody wants to use it. There's no public will to actually change everything over to standard units, so that doesn't happen.
But if you talk to scientists, or medical personnel, they will tell you that they use metric at work. | 4,435 | |
ELI5: Why do salt water fish NEED salt in the water to survive? | It was always my assumption that salt water fish and fresh water fish are the same, difference being salt water fish just have the ability to filter out the salt. But the fact that salt water fish actually die in fresh water has me wondering why if it’s just oxygen they’re extracting out of the water | 27 | Freshwater fish will die in salt water too. Marine organisms are adapted to the environment they are in - because they are surrounded by water, the osmotic pressure inside their cells is balancing the pressure of water around them. If you put a saltwater fish in water that has less salt than what’s in their cells, the ... | 29 |
CMV: Pokemon, while not ruined by, is worsened by including IV/EV as a concept, etc. | This CMV is based on my recent return to the Pokemon games. I haven't played the games since Black 1, and returned in Alpha Sapphire. Prior to that, I had played every gen from Gen 1 - Black 1.
As a kid, you are introduced to the games and a plethora of values and concepts. Among these are sometimes related to "flavor... | 174 | Sun and moon introduced a system where by you can effectively increase your pokemons IVs. So you can still have the pokemon you used in game as power houses post game if you want to put in that effort. EVs are basically study for pokemon. If you train it in a certain way it gets better at that thing. Same as if you stu... | 50 |
Why does solar pressure cause rotations of the JWST instead of just pushing it away uniformly? | I've been curious about this for a long time and I expected that when the Aft Momentum Flap was eventually deployed (as it was today), there would be more layman-accessible explanations of this; however, I've not found any.
My naive first guess about how solar pressure would affect JWST would be that the force would b... | 20 | If the force doesn't act through the center of mass it will induce a torque. If you push sideways on one end of a rod you won't move the whole rod in that direction, you would rotate the rod. The momentum flap provides a counteracting torque to keep the telescope from rotating. | 22 |
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