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[Pacific Rim]Why do the people building the wall (the one that was meant to keep the Kaiju out) have such bad working conditions? | New York Garbage men have really good salaries because the city would basically be drowning in rubbish within days if they were ever to go on Strike. I'd have thought the wall builders would have similar collective bargaining power, because if they ever decide to just stop working it'd mean there'd be vast areas of th... | 19 | You say that like they're unionized and non-replaceable.
With Earth's economy bent towards defense and civilian populations fleeing coastal cities, there would be *lots* of people willing to do manual labor for little pay. Anyone that *doesn't* want to work is told to piss off. We see a little of that in the first... | 33 |
If cardiovascular exercise is healthy for you because it gets your heart pumping, why wouldn't it be considered a "healthy" side affect of certain legal/illegal drugs the fact that they get your heart pumping (ie. cocaine, coffee, etc.)? | I know drugs legal/illegal, although sometimes fun, are not "good" for you. But an important part of cardiovascular activity is raising the heart rate and making that muscle work more actively then when it as rest. So why wouldn't whatever drug that might make your heart pump faster have some kind of "good" side effect... | 16 | Increased heart rate due to exercise is caused by muscle tissue needing more oxygen. The heart pumps harder to
send more oxygenated blood to the muscles. This increased pumping strengthens the heart muscle, which is good for heart health. Increased heart rate from chemicals like caffeine, nicotene, amphetamine, etc. is... | 18 |
[Breaking Bad] What would have happen if Hank didn’t notice the book? | In season 5, Hank figures out that Walt was Heisenburg after finding the book Gayle gave him
If Hank didn’t go into the washroom that day (or maybe if Walt didn’t put the book in an easy spot to find), what would happen to Walt? | 16 | Two possible answers:
1. He gets out of the game and continues to launder money through the car wash and/or other means. Heisenburg was only valuable because he knew the formula to cook the meth. By the time he was trying to get out he had around $80 million in cash in the storage locker which, as Skyler points out, i... | 22 |
ELI5: Why does the uterine lining have to shed every month? | Can’t the body just use the same uterine lining till the woman gets pregnant? | 38 | In addition to /u/WSp71oTXWCZZ0ZI6's explanation, there is another leading theory out there.
Some scientists did experiments on mice by implanting an embryo elsewhere in the body. Their theory was that the uterus existed to provide a healthy, helpful environment for the fetus. What they seemed to find was the opposite... | 68 |
ELI5: Iran before revolution | 243 | Before the revolution Iran was ruled by Shah Reza Pahlavi. Power was clustered among a close network of the Shah's relations and friends. During the 1970s the gap between Iran's rich and poor grew. Distrust of the Shah's economic policy and resentment of his autocratic style fueled dissent against his regime.
Oppositi... | 99 | |
ELI5: How money is stored by banks and brokers? | For example, we know that some brokers are not allowed to lend your money to third parties (like a bank) nor invest it in any interest-rate paying note or bond.
Then how can money by held by these institutions in a virtual manner? I assume they don’t hold your money in another bank either as this would also count as ... | 17 | Lloyd's of London broker here.
Brokers don't really do anything. We come up with a product, like an insurance for cat paw injury.
We then convince an "underwriter" who works for some variety of bank that there is a market for them, and then if they agree then they "underwrite the risk" which means they will reserve ... | 22 |
Can someone exaplain the new covid brain damage study? | [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04569-5](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04569-5)
I'm not scientifically literate enough to full understand this study.
Can someone please tell me,
What was the average amount of brain loss?
Is this a big deal or relatively minor?
Will these effects be perma... | 3,679 | Basically they looked at 401 people who had imaging done before and after they got COVID and compared it to 384 people who did not have covid. The 3 main results they found are:
1. less brain matter in the *orbitofrontal cortex* (responsible for higher cognitive abilities like impulse control) and the *parahippocampal... | 4,270 |
ELI5: Why can drinking too much alcohol cause you to go blind and what is the biology/chemistry behind it? Is it specifically because you absorb too much too quickly (like with moonshine/liquor/spirits), or is there something else that causes it? | 16 | Drinkable alcohol is ethanol; it's what in the beer and spirits you buy at your liquor store. Moonshine that isn't distilled correctly builds methanol which the body metabolizes into formaldehyte (which is toxic) and then further into formic acid which will harm your nervous system, beginning with the eyes (causing bli... | 26 | |
[Star Wars] How does anyone understand what the hell R2-D2 is saying? | I mean its just beeps and boops yet people seem to know what he is saying especially in the animated Star Wars the Clone wars. Anyone know whats going on? | 20 | The only time you see anyone interact directly with his speech in conversation form, they either have a digital display translating (Naboo fighter, X-Wing fighter) or C-3PO is translating.
Think of R2-D2 as a dog. A *really smart* dog. No one, aside from C-3PO and other droids, really *know* what he's "saying", b... | 33 |
How do the energy economies of deciduous and coniferous trees different? | Deciduous trees shed and have to grow back their leaves every year but they aren't always out-competed by conifers in many latitudes where both grow. How much energy does it take a tree to re-grow its leaves? Does a pine continue to accumulate energy over the winter or is it limited by water availability? What does ... | 2,756 | Energy required to grow leaves is only part of the equation. Conifer and deciduous trees have different strategies to survive which all depend on the balance of energy, nutrients, and water.
Conifers (in general) are better at conserving nutrients and water bc not only do they keep their needles year round but they a... | 818 |
CMV: Given what is publicly known as of today, to believe that Donald Trump colluded with Russia to influence the 2016 election is conspiratorial | Here's a (non-exhaustive) list of what we know (publicly) related to Trump/Russia:
- There are several investigations (FBI, Senate and House committees) into Russia's meddling into the 2016 election and whether the Trump campaign (or any member of the Trump campaign) colluded with Russia.
- Russia more than likely [me... | 686 | I would like to note that your view is a tautology. Essentially, you are saying "If you believe Trump conspired with Russia, that is conspiratorial". To collude is essentially the same thing as to conspire. The definitions you list for the terms are almost the same.
I don't believe your view can be changed in its cur... | 400 |
If Greece withdraws from the Euro and immediately has to introduce the Drachma, how would they determine the value? | Taking a common economics example - The banks close, the new currency is taking over the day after, so a general store need to switch currency. How does the shopkeeper know how much to price up a Mars Bar for?
I appreciate that the price it is introduced at is *very* unlikely to be the price it is at the end of that d... | 88 | I think they would immediately set it at one drachma = one Euro--so that shopkeepers would not need to reprice anything and bank accounts would have the same numbers--but this value would probably rapidly decline. | 33 |
ELI5: Could a human brain retain consciousness without a body, assuming it was still receiving adequate oxygen/blood flow? | So basically, if you could supply the brain with enough nutrients, oxygen, blood, etc., through an artificial delivery system, would the brain still be conscious/sentient? It would obviously be unable to receive any form of external stimuli, but would it still be... alive? Able to think?
Remember I'm five, thanks! | 37 | Theoretically, sure, but the mind in there would go insane pretty quick. Sensory deprivation is not good at all long term. You need some way to simulate a body and environment for the brain-in-a-jar, or at minimum give it vision and hearing and control over a computer. | 26 |
As two of the most-populated democracies, why does India's elections take place over so many weeks when Indonesia's is over in a day? (Question further elaborated in post) | (I hope this is the right sub for such academical questions, for I tried /r/Ask_Politics but was told the question was "too historical", whereas /r/AskHistorians would have consider such a question "too recent". )
India and Indonesia are currently the first and third largest democracies in the world with their massive... | 41 | >Indonesia, while having only 1/10th of India's population, it's still quite sizable at 250 million
Seems to be a problem with the math there. If Indonesia is at 250m, then India's population is 5x that, not 10x.
>Why and how did Indonesia succeed where India couldn't?
"Success" according to whom? You're defin... | 12 |
[Fallout 3] What do people do for a living? How do Tenpenny's inhabitants afford to stay there? | Medical practitioners still have a place in the world, as do engineers, armed security, store owners, sex workers, but what do all of the generic NPCs do? They can't all be prospectors, and most settlements (Rivet City, Megaton, Republic of Dave) don't see enough trouble for everyone to make a living as security.
A... | 40 | Tenpenny Tower is living in the past. Its a bunch of self-proclaimed wealthy people who live as people lived in the past. They're pretending everything is normal and they're living the good life in this luxury hotel. However, they're not actually wealthy.
No matter how wealthy they claim to be, look at their actual i... | 51 |
[Star Wars] The Sith are always going on about revenge. Revenge for what? | 314 | The Jedi and Sith have a long history of fighting - in fact, the Sith were born out of a group of fallen Jedi.
About a thousand years prior to the rise of Palpatine, the Jedi and Sith had another major conflict which ended with the Jedi hunting down and eliminating most of the Sith with no known survivors. | 290 | |
[General Science Fiction] Why do so many technological advanced cultures and species have an inexplicable fetish for melee weapons? | The Kree, the Wakandans, the Klingons, the Imperium of Man and other WH40K races, the corporations and Dark Symmetry from Mutant Chronicles, all of the various techno-ninjas and samurai, the soldiers from the TV show Dominion, a variety of species from Star Wars, the Asgardians, and plenty of others I'm sure I'm forget... | 108 | It's usually one or a combination of three things:
**Tradition.** Sometimes the culture celebrates melee combat and views ranged combat as something less virtuous. Klingon, Jedi, and Yautja culture all agree on this, for example.
**Technology.** Sometimes the tech makes melee combat more practical. Jedi can deflect ... | 106 |
Eli5 why the storms of Jupiter separate gases into striking vortices and bands of heterogenous color, rather than mixing them into a continuous gradient? | 30 | First, there is the phenomenon of Hadley cells. These come about because the planet is round, spinning, and has one side facing the sun. These are pretty stable systems where the wind predominantly flows in a given direction. On Earth, these are responsible for Trade winds (winds strongly blowing west when a little nor... | 16 | |
ELI5: Magnets stick to each other, and magnets stick on refrigerators, why don't refrigerators stick to each other? | Edit: I'm surprised at how many downvotes this post got when this turned out to be a pretty deep subject. Doesn't really matter to me, though, I still got my answer. | 46 | Your hand can grab a ball, and your hand can grab another hand, but that doesn't mean that two balls can grab each other.
Magnetic attraction is a property of the magnets, not necessarily a property of what they stick to. | 22 |
Who decides stock prices? (because "supply and demand" isn't a conscious entity who can mentally make a decision or manually press a button to change the listed price of something) | So, I understand that prices (in general and in the stock market) are "determined" by supply and demand.
But, say I'm selling shirts. I have 100 shirts left and they're not selling well so supply and demand has "determined" that I need to reduce my price if I want to sell more shirts.
But "supply and demand" is nei... | 75 | In the stock market, people with the stock and willing to sell it set an **asking price**. If someone wants to buy some stock at the lowest asking price of anyone in the market, they can. People looking to buy a stock set a **bidding price**. If someone wants to sell some stock for a highest bidding price, they can. Th... | 140 |
CMV: It is hard to take a side on the Russia-Trump debacle until Mueller's investigation is completed. | So I've been kind of pissed off at this Russia thing. I'm up-to-date on everything (in my view), and to be quite honest it seems that a conclusion can be drawn either way.
On one side, I can completely see this being blown out of proportion by the media to make Trump's presidency a living hell for him. Practically, m... | 50 | It's difficult to say with water-tight epistemological certainty exactly what happened until after Mueller's investigation is completed. Hell, it will probably be hard to know exactly what happened even after the investigation is completed, given the nature of the allegations, the players involved and the fact that obj... | 49 |
ELI5: What is the paradox of tolerance? | I keep hearing this a lot and I don't get it. For instance: Say an argument breaks out between two sides, when a third party points out that both sides are being incivil and they need to chill out so they can lead to a civil compromise or conclusion, they get dismissed because of this paradox.
What do they mean? | 39 | "Tolerance" as a ideal, would be to allow each side to speak their peace and have an equal chance to be heard. The idea behind this is that, by being tolerant of all beliefs, all beliefs can flourish.
However, the issue is that not all beliefs allow other beliefs to coexist, or allow tolerance. So by tolerating an int... | 95 |
How does infrared light heat objects up? | I've been learning about the photoelectric effect in my physics class, and one of the formulas that I learnt was that the energy of a photon of light is given by E=hf. From this equation, ultraviolet light has more energy than infrared. So why is infrared able to heat up objects and ultraviolet not?
Temperature is a m... | 39 | Higher energy photons can transfer more energy, but the question is mainly what happens with this energy in light-matter interactions.
A wide range of processes can occur when absorbing light. They can range from atomic to macromolecular scales. Light of very high energies can be used for photo-ionisation, which can h... | 16 |
If SARS-CoV (2002) and SARS-CoV-19 (aka COVID-19) are so similar (same family of virus, genetically similar, etc.), why did SARS infect around 8,000 while COVID-19 has already reached 1,000,000? | So, they’re both from the same family, and are similar enough that early cases of COVID-19 were assumed to be SARS-CoV instead. Why, then, despite huge criticisms in the way China handled it, SARS-CoV was limited to around 8,000 cases while COVID-19 has reached 1 million cases and shows no sign of stopping? Is it the v... | 14,237 | SARS-CoV-2 is worse than SARS-CoV because, paradoxically, it’s not as bad. SARS tended to have a faster disease onset and be more severe, so you had far fewer infectious people with mild or no symptoms walking around spreading the disease. In fact much of SARS spread was in hospitals, rather than on the street. That m... | 11,355 |
If Hubble can make photos of galaxys 13.2ly away, is it ever gonna be possible to look back 13.8ly away and 'see' the big bang? | And for all I know, there was nothing before the big bang, so if we can look further than 13.8ly, we won't see anything right? | 14,138 | The early universe is opaque, so there's a limit to how far you can see before you hit this opaque region. The furthest we can see is back to the point in time when the universe got cool enough and thin enough that it transitioned from opaque to transparent. We're looking back in time with distance, so what we see is a... | 7,185 |
What happens to light when it is absorbed? | Certain lights are reflected and absorbed.
So what happens to light that is absorbed? | 41 | If light hits an electron, the incident photon is absorbed and its energy transfered to the kinetic energy of the electron. With a higher kinetic energy, the electron enters an excited state, moving to a higher energy orbital.
The electron can then emit another photon and "jump back down", and the emitted wavelength ... | 10 |
How large a colony must be in order to be genetically diverse? | Operating on a example - how many people would be required for a colony to avoid inbreeding?
Or to rephrase - how many generations must pass so offspring from the same n-grandfather could mate without consequences? | 15 | The homo-sapien population is theorized to have dropped from around 21,000 to around 618 breeding individuals around 195,000 years ago. Due to the Long glacial stage known as Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS6) that lasted until roughly 123,000 years ago. This explains the lack of genetic diversity in modern humans.
They m... | 12 |
[Arrow] What skills besides assassination does the League of Assassins teach? Would the League of Assassins make me a good DJ? | I've been thinking about spinning, but the general quality of DJs in Starling City seems to be pretty low. I once heard that there was this DJ who was better than everyone else, but it turned out he was an agent of the League of Assassins.
I'm wondering, was he a good DJ before being recruited or did the League of As... | 49 | I believe all the training provided by the League is designed to further their designs so unfortunately you will need to become a master assassin but if you can convince them that you becoming a master DJ will help achieve what they want they'll probably allow it.
They do seem to be fairly relaxed during their non-tra... | 16 |
[Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood] If Pride happened to absorb Greed like he said he could, what benefits could that grant him? | Considering Pride's shadows are an extension of his body, would Greed's ultimate shield benefit Pride's childlike form, or would Pride's shadows be able to transform into an indestructible carbon-based substance? | 16 | It's not clear that there would be any benefit to Pride, other than a small stroke to the ego.
Pride, despite his small stature, is the de facto leader of Homonculus by virtue of his immense martial strength and power. This has to be somewhat embarrassing for Greed, who is very clear about not taking orders from anyo... | 10 |
ELI5: How did Native Americans of the early 1700s cope with tornados? | 15 | Well there's tons of different Native American/Pre Colonization tribes. They all kinda viewed them different. In some parts they thought of it as evil, but a lot of tribes actually thought they could reason with the tornados, seeing them as spirits and healing. Lot's of tribes people also built communities that could e... | 11 | |
ELI5: How can grocery stores get ripe fruits of all types every single week of the year? | I understand that fruit can get sent by air all the way from Chile to the United States when it is winter in the U.S. But even within the Northern or Southern hemisphere, it seems that harvest season is going to vary by latitude. So, the regions in which cherries, or apples, or tomatoes, etc. are ready for picking wi... | 29 | About apples specifically, they're harvested when they're in season, before they're actually ripe, then kept in cold storage for most of the year and released in batches. The low-oxygen, cold warehouse keeps them from ripening until they're ready to be sold. | 43 |
ELI5: What's worse? The fact that you're inhaling hot, smoke into your lungs? Or the fact that you're inhaling actual cigarette ingredients (nicotine, tar, etc.) into your lungs? | What increases ones chance of getting cancer and other respiratory complications? Is it just smoking anything e.g. normal paper, crack, weed, etc.? Or is it specifically smoking cigarette ingredients? If someone smoked anything else other than cigarettes, as much as cigarette smokers smoke cigarettes, would their likel... | 53 | Cigarettes are worse for your lungs than regular paper, yes. Not that paper is OK to smoke - please don't smoke paper. But cigarettes are worse.
Your entire airway, from your nostrils down into your lungs, is coated in mucus. That sounds gross, but it's a good thing! The mucus protects your lungs by acting like fl... | 106 |
ELI5: How can flash memory retain its data without power? Is it possible for it to lose data over extended period of time? | 64 | Well, the thing about normal memory like the RAM in your computer is that information is stored based on whether electricity is flowing through the transistors within the memory chip. When electricity stops flowing through the transistors, they all reset to a default state and whatever was stored beforehand is lost.
F... | 39 | |
What makes some materials oven-safe but not microwave-safe or vice versa? | 177 | The dielectric properties of the material.
In oven safe, the material has to take external heating, which will be a function of its heat transfer capacity ie if you heat it too fast, one area will expand too quickly, stressing the material and causing the break.
For microwave safe, the dielectric properties descr... | 67 | |
How does brushing your teeth clean your mouth, and has the invention of toothbrushes affected bacterial evolution? | 1,666 | Toothbrushes mechanically helps in cleaning teeth by scrubbing off the dental pellicle layer that has been invaded with bacteria and thus preventing the formation of plaque and its accumulation, getting rid of food particles that remain on the tooth surface that might not be visible to the naked eye. Modern day brushes... | 652 | |
ELI5: How is Pi programmed into calculators? | 12,114 | They don't need to put in the whole number. They just have to put it in to the point where the next digit won't change much at all. After the tenth digit of pi for example not much will change in your calculation. | 9,403 | |
[Metroid] Why does Samus seem to start every new mission without any of her suits upgrades? Wouldn't it be smart to keep all the beam weapons, visor upgrades, and other suit upgrades she found on her previous missions? | 78 | She does keep her weapons at the start of new missions. She just has a very bad habit of getting hit so hard at the start of each mission that everything breaks and she has to find artifacts to repair everything. She's also lost her suit a couple of times and has had to have it rebuilt in a very short space of time bec... | 66 | |
Will we ever know if Pi is a "normal" or "non-normal" irrational number? Is it within the realm of possibility that we will ever find out? | According to what I've heard, a "normal" irrational number is one whose digits contain every conceivable combination of numbers (including, for example, the social security numbers of everyone who has ever had an SSID in alphabetical order), while a "non-normal" irrational number is one whose digits are infinite but do... | 4,083 | Not only do normal numbers contain every possible finite combination of digits, they contain each possibility infinitely many times.
The way that this is possible is that you do it by combination-length. There are only 10^(N) different possible combinations of digits of length N. So in a normal number, you can expect ... | 1,413 |
What would it take for research publications to be free from publishers? | Inspired by some recent discussions here, it seems like an overall consensus that publishers explore research work in a pretty unsatisfactory way. Charging exorbitant fees, using our work for their profits, etc.
So why do academics perpetuate this cycle, if they all agree that it's not the way it should be? Why be a r... | 39 | What is needed/wanted is a way to evaluate the quality and impact of research. There are very few people in the world that can truly understand the importance of most studies. So, journal prestige has become the surrogate measure for quality and significance of one's work. To be free from journals, there needs to be a ... | 34 |
[Blade; movies] Why don't the vampires wear sunscreen when fighting the reapers? | I just saw the first 2 movies, and am not familiar with the comics, so hopefully you will be able to shed some light on something that's been bugging me almost the whole time while watching part 2.
In the first movie, Frost comes outside during the day wearing sunscreen. In the second movie, the 'good' vampires go ou... | 21 | Frost was only able to pull off his trick because he was turned and because he wasn't exerting himself much.
Pureblood vampires are more sensitive to sunlight than turned vampires. This is most clear when Frost and his minions kidnap Dragonetti (the chief vampire) and roast him with an ocean sunrise.
All the members... | 15 |
Why have Gold/Silver values not risen with Inflation? | We've all heard inflation, inflation, inflation for the last two years.
Why are gold and silver prices relatively flat since then?
Silver spot price for example has been fluctuating between 24 and 28 for the last two years with absolutely no upward trend.
How/why is it not slowly valuating with inflation... | 18 | Inflation is an aggregate. Individual goods and services all go up and down in price for their own reasons/their respective supply and demand. In fact it's quite rare that individual goods/services go up exactly as inflation does. | 22 |
ELI5: How do liquids stay homogeneous and not have settling issues, such as Coke or milk? | 157 | It's the difference between dissolving and making a suspension, when something dissolves into a liquid it becomes part of the liquid, think sugar in water, no matter how long you leave it that sugar stays evenly divided over the liquid. A suspension is tiny particles hovering in a liquid. If you give it enough time it ... | 136 | |
[Dexter] Dex says he has no emotions. Except, he clearly does. He gets scared, angry, happy, remorseful, excited, nervous. What am I missing here? | It doesn't appear that this is something Dex grew into either. Teenage Dex is a seething mess of complex emotions - he regrets hurting his sister's feelings, he gets angry at his bully, he gets nervous that he's disappointed his father. And this before he supposedly learned how to "fake it". Even 20 year old Dex commit... | 53 | Dexter is a psychopath, or at least on the spectrum of what is now known as "Antisocial personality disorder" which Incorporated socio and psychopathy. He *has* emotions, but they're atypical and what he actually lacks is empathy and compassion. However, Dexter is probably not a "natural" psychopath in that his conditi... | 53 |
[Halloween III: Season Of The Witch] What was the societal fallout of the Silver Shamrock commercial? | At the end of the movie, Challis is too late to stop the commercial from airing on channel 3.
Presumably, unless he had extremely good luck, this means that thousands of children died horribly on October 31, 1982, all across the country.
What happened after this event? Do people still celebrate Halloween? Did Americ... | 37 | The mass murder was probably just the start. We don't know what the ritual was supposed to achieve, but it was probably a big deal. Society may have more important problems than trying to assign blame, like dealing with invasions of fae creatures or combating literal wizards.
And on top of that, androids exist now. | 11 |
ELI5: If we use degrees ( ⁰ ) to measure angles, why do we also use degrees as a measurement of temperature? | 34 | The most basic meaning of "degree" is "An individual step, or stage, in any process or scale of values."
There are 360 degrees in a circle because there are 360 individual steps. (You can fine-tune a degree using arcminutes (1/60th of a degree) or arcseconds (1/60th of an arcminute, or 1/3600th of a degree).
Similarl... | 57 | |
CMV: 'Jack of all trades, master of none' actually makes you worse at your profession | I'm a programmer who's interested in filmmaking. Far from being a polymath, I know, but I have been advised against it by people, reciting the old reliable "Jack of all trades, master of none" routine. I don't understand. Would tell polymaths such as Plato, Pythagoras, Newton, Da Vinci, and even modern ones such as Jam... | 174 | The problem with your argument is that you used the word "profession." If you are running a new startup or working in a newly invented field, you want to be a jack of all trades. You never know what skill set you might need next. But if you are working in an old field with very clearly defined and refined needs, it's b... | 112 |
[Modern day D&D] I am a Kobold. In the past, my people were persecuted as monsters. Their murderers as heroes. Why did it take so long for humanity to accept that those who do not appear like humans were people too? | For centuries.. heck thousands of years parties of 'adventurers' were able to band together and go out and kill other peoples and be praised for it.
Textbooks and history classes say it was a 'sign of the times' and we can't truly blame them as it was just the way it was. It wasn't until around the 19th century tha... | 20 | Humans killed other humans for thousands of years too. For exactly the same reasons as humans killed kobolds. And you know what? Your kobold ancestors killed humans for the exact same reason that humans killed kobolds for thousands of years.
Have not read the histories of your people? It's as filled with stories of ko... | 29 |
Can a venomous animal die if it bites itself? | I know that venomous animals can eat their own venom (since their prey is presumably full of it) but what happens if, say, a snake bites itself by mistake? Would it be immune to its own venom? | 75 | This depends on whether the snake is immune to its own venom or not. Usually, venomous snakes have certain level of immunity to their own venom. There are those that have little or no immunity. They will die if they inject themselves with venom. | 48 |
ELI5 what determines the shape of popcorn? | I know that all popcorn is unique, but there are several similar shapes that keep reoccurring. What actually determines this? | 26 | Basically there's an initial failure point in each kernel, and where that is determines the general shape.
Make a fist and imagine holding your hand above a flame.
If you're holding it so that your pinkie finger is closer to the flame than your pointer, the heat will make the pinkie "jump" before the other fingers. ... | 20 |
ELI5:What's happening in my stomach that makes it "rumble" when I'm hungry and why does it do that? | 25 | The digestive system is one long muscular tube going from the mouth to the anus. It uses a system of muscular contractions, called peristalsis, to move and break down food in the tube. Sometimes gasses get trapped among the little bits of food and digestive juices. During peristalsis, it's the movement of these air ... | 32 | |
ELI5: How can living organisms be alive if they are composed of non living atoms? | 26 | Life isn't really some intrinsic quality like that. Life is more of a series of processes. If those processes are occurring, then the material is alive.
Think of a bundle of sticks. It can undergo the process of burning and be on fire, but it isn't necessarily on fire. The atoms themselves are the same either way, bu... | 49 | |
Why e in Euler's Identity (e^(i*pi) +1 = 0)? | I have never really understood Euler's Identity intuitively, until I stumbled upon [this diagram](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_beauty#Beauty_in_results) on Wikipedia (the one on the right side). It makes a lot of sense to me.
The diagram uses e^0 to start at 1. However, can't you use any real number to ... | 25 | f(x) = e^x is special because it is its own derivative. One way to look at e^(i*pi) is through the Taylor expansions,
e^x = 1 + x^1 /1! + x^2 /2! + x^3 /3! ...
cos(x) = 1 - x^2 /2! + x^4 /4! - x^6 /6! ...
sin(x) = x - x^3 /3! + x^5 /5! - x^7 /7! ...
The reason these formulas are so nice is due to e's self-derivativ... | 33 |
ELI5: why do you always get a distinct feeling/smell/ thing when you get struck in the nose or face? | 20 | I don't think the exact cause is known, but shocks to the brain - which could come through a blow to your face - can produce these odd (metallic?) taste sensations. They're common in concussions. Presumably a taste center in the brain is being knocked and playing up. You should get any potential concussion checked out ... | 12 | |
Why is the actual ratio of base pairs in DNA (C and G, A and T) not 1:1? | According to Chargaff's rules, shouldn't the ratio of base pairs be the same? On the [Wikipedia page](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargaff's_rules), the proportion of bases in humans is A:29.3 G:20.7 C:20.0 T:30.0. There is 0.7% of guanosine that seems to be unpaired with cytosine. | 79 | Yes, the ratio of base pairs are the same. The Wikipedia page is reporting what Chargaff himself measured in the 40s and 50s using chromotography, which is subject to experimental error (and in fact, many researchers discounted Chargaff's results entirely as being a consequence of error).
In release 36.2 of the human ... | 29 |
How is it that the younger you are, the easier it is to learn language? What happens to our brains as we get older that makes learning language more difficult? | 25 | There are a lot of people that don't believe this to be true. Children seemingly learn faster because of immersion. Adults can read, infer and reason. Children only mimic. Neuroplasticity is definitely a factor, but its not the end all be all. Adults also learn better and retain what they ingest, while a lot of kids if... | 10 | |
[JoJo's Bizarre Adventure] Do Stands have their own language separate from their user and can Stands be separated from their user? | Like a language that Stands separated from their user can speak to each other in that the user won't understand, and is it possible for a Stand to become a separate entity from their user entirely? Sort of like a Requiem but *entirely* separate, not still attached in some way | 16 | All stands are relatively unquine. Some are just extra abilities, others are punch ghosts, other's take form but aren't fighting... while two sapient stands could probably communicate, it's gonna be a rare meeting. | 15 |
cmv: Most cops in uniforms are not that different from LARPERS. | Obviously, not all of them, but after the recent episode in Uvalde and the release of cams, my cousin in middle school started referring to the men in uniform as larpers as they strutted around looking big and mean outside the school and doing nothing inside the hallways. It got me to thinking about the whole stolen va... | 212 | A big thing about LARP is consent and happiness. You don’t continue when someone withdraws consent / wants to stop. You are playing a **team** game where everyone involved is working together even the “enemy” to have overal fun and happiness for everyone.
I think its pretty clear the police you are talking about don’t... | 133 |
[DOOM] Seraphim exist, so Heaven probably does too. What's it like compared to Hell? | 78 | Head-canon:
Heaven is a light, golden, breathtakingly beautiful, totalitarian dimension where souls are forced to worship endlessly to fuel the seraphim war machine.
The DOOM Marine was created by the collective subconscious of mankind; millennia of stories and war preparing us. Because deep inside, where we al... | 80 | |
[General Fiction] In a world of “peak” humans/superhumans, would traditional martial arts work better than modern ones? | These humans are always so strong that bodyweight doesn’t really play a factor in a lot of things. For example, a fictional peak human could effortlessly straight arm raise 200+ lbs with a single arm. They could easily throw a whole human simply by grabbing them. However, their durability doesn’t tend to scale as high ... | 41 | >flashy style of traditional martial arts
Flashiness doesn't work not merely because of weight classes, but because jumping and dancing around is a waste of energy compared to solid fundamentals. Scaling up the fighters doesn't change anything because the "modern" fighter will take the practical, efficient route t... | 41 |
ELI5: How do bike gears change the amount of work you do but stay the same speed? | 30 | Changing gears doesn't change the amount of work you need to do. It changes the amount of force you need to apply to the pedals, but the trade-off is that you need to make more rotations to go the same speed. For instance, perhaps one gear has you making one revolution per second with a force of 100N, but lower gear mi... | 28 | |
[DC] Batman has certainly been sued hundreds of times, but I imagine the court cases don't go anywhere because no one can serve the lawsuit on him. What tips do you have for highly motivated process server to deliver a lawsuit to Batman? | I am sure the Batman has been sued hundreds of times by all of the people who he brutalizes, but before a lawsuit can go anywhere a copy of the lawsuit has to be delivered to the person being sued. Given the fact that he is a vigilante wearing a mask this presents some problems.
What tips would you offer to a normal p... | 40 | Sue Gotham City PD for tacitly allowing a masked vigilante assault countless people without public oversight. It would be extremely difficult to bring anything against batman himself without actually catching and unmasking him | 48 |
CMV: Popular educational Youtube channels like VSauce, SciShow and MinutePhysics cause more harm than good | These channels are often advertised as "better" alternatives to TV, especially here on reddit, and it bothers me because I really don't think that they can enrich your life in any way and might even cause people to find themselfs on [Mount stupid](http://blogs-images.forbes.com/chrisbarth/files/2011/12/Mount-Stupid.gif... | 49 | How else do you explain quantum tunnelling to people without spending several hours explaining the Schroedinger equation and how to apply it, and before that spending a year explaining all the mathematics that is required to understand Schroedinger equation.
You cannot just sit atop "mount excellence" and yell at the ... | 125 |
[The Incredibles] Why do all the superheroes have powers, but all the supervillains use some form of technology to do their dastardly deeds? | None of the villains in either movie have super powers: Bomb Voyage, Syndrome, The Underminer, Screenslaver. What’s up with that? | 45 | It's implied that the government/military are more than enough to handle most villains in this universe, as compared to something like Marvel or DC. It's very possible that any villains with superpowers were quietly taken care of by a government black ops team for being too dangerous, or something similar.
EDIT: Alter... | 72 |
[Invincible] Why didn't Green Ghost just turn intangible? | When Omni-Man killed the Guardians, why didn't Green Ghost just turn intangible and get away? Or better yet, turn herself and Omni-Man intangible so he couldn't hurt anyone? Maybe this second suggestion is too problematic because her powers only work with people she can control or something; it's not very well deline... | 18 | Omni-Man threw ~~Red Rush's~~ Darkwing's corpse at her, her instinct was to catch him, which required her to be solid, and then he followed it up with an immediate killing blow. It was 100% calculated on the part of Omni-Man. | 53 |
[Star Trek] A tiny amount of red matter is used by Spock, why is there a massive amount on the ship? | Im going by what I remember from the first reboot movie- Spock apparently uses a tiny bit of red matter to...do whatever it was he needed to do- but on the ship he was on, there seemed to be a massive amount. Plus, want it what the Romulans used to destroy Vulcan too?
Why would such a large amount be held on any sort ... | 49 | We can only guess. Maybe larger collections are safer. Maybe Spock's future ship was designed to study the red matter, or use it as a scientific instrument, and a large clump was needed for his work. Maybe it was part of an experimental engine or weapon. Maybe owning red matter was a war crime in the future, and it all... | 56 |
[Star Wars] By herself, how competent as a leader was Queen Amidala's doppelganger in Phantom Menace? | 24 | At least according to those new books (queens shadow and queens peril) Padme's main double Sabe was one of the best to do the job, and at times could fill for Padme exactly. She's not however expected to be an actual leader. Or, more specifically nobody was supposed to see through the disguise, and their initial setup ... | 26 | |
ELI5: Why is the steering inverted on motorcycles at high speeds? | E.g., when I turn my handlebars left and I'm going 40+ mph, the bike tilts and turns to the right. | 44 | You are turning the front wheel to the left, the wheel goes left slightly, and the entire bike (and you) keeps going straight. The bike goes from looking like
this: l
to looking like this: /
See how the bottom of the bike moves to the left? you have turned the front wheel slightly left, moving the bottom of the b... | 51 |
Does a nuclear weapon detonating in a vacuum create the characteristic double flash? | From what I've read, the shockwave of the nuclear detonation briefly obscures the light from the nuke, which creates the double flash used by satellites to verify an atmospheric nuclear test.
But would a nuclear detonation in space cause the same effect? I did not see any mention of it for nuclear weapons tested in s... | 15 | Wikipedia says,
> This signature, with a double intensity maximum, is characteristic of atmospheric nuclear explosions and is the result of the Earth's atmosphere becoming opaque to visible light and transparent again as the explosion's shock wave travels through it. [...] The effect is unambiguous for explosions ... | 12 |
[harrypotter] can you perform the Killing curse without a wand? | I know that some magical cultures don’t use wands so can they use Ava kerdava? With no wand? | 22 | Yes. Wands (and rings, and staves, and whatnot) are just focusing devices. Spells can be performed without them by a sufficiently skilled wizard. That said, it's kind of hard to practice the killing curse, so getting enough practice to do it without a wand (you have to learn it separately from learning to do it with... | 36 |
Supposing Trump wins, as it seems he might, what impact might this have on (graduate) research funding in the US? | Is a Trump presidency another reason to not do a PhD? | 115 | I was just wondering this same thing. A quick search reveals much the same as his views on just about every other subject. He supports it but has no clear plan. He answers questions when asked, stresses it's important and he will do something about it. But he hasn't stressed it unless directly asked.
So, he's basical... | 67 |
ELI5: Why do you sometimes taste blood when you over-exert yourself during exercise | 54 | The small sacs called alveoli in your lungs is where blood exchanges CO2 and oxygen. The blood is brought to the alveoli through small capillaries sometimes only 1 blood cell wide. These capillaries are incredibly thin to allow for the CO2/oxygen exchange. When you exercise your heart rate and blood pressure can increa... | 62 | |
Is it possible to create a bell large enough, that when struck, it will ring at a frequency below standard human hearing (~20Hz?) | Would there always be harmonics in the audible range that would sound like a bell reverberation, or could you actually make it all sub-audible (aside from the sound of the clapper hitting the bell). | 24 | When you're striking it, you're making it vibrate in a bunch of different modes and there would always be some in the audible range, though they don't have to be loud. But you could avoid the audible overtones if you only vibrated the bell in a certain way, e.g. by resonance | 11 |
What is academia's take on proofreading of theses? | Hello everyone,
I am an "English as a second language" author. I published few papers before. However, they have all been proofread by my supervisor/co-authors, and significantly improved. In all cases of my writing, there were no severe coherence and cohesion issues. Mostly a suboptimal academic tone, and some unclar... | 70 | Do you have any labmates or grad program peers to get feedback from? I’d say it’s encouraged because scientific writing depends on getting feedback to improve - you can double check with your advisor if it’s okay. | 56 |
[X-Men,Marvel] Why is there such a low number of X gene positive mutants in Wakanda ? the only one I can think of is Gentle and his X-gene was blamed on his foreign father. Do Wakandans not carry the gene even though it was proliferating in the human species before Wakanda existed? | Where are all of Wakanda's mutants??? | 44 | Wakanda famously existed in almost complete isolation until recently.
If there weren't any X-Genes in the population when they went into isolation- very possible considering how rare it is- that's it. No mutants. | 47 |
Eli5 - how are western economies sustainable? | I live in the uk, but the more I think about it, the more I realise that it just seems to be series of office workers propping up each others salaries. There’s no (or small) base that actually produces goods, the farmers or the labourers as such. Why? | 58 | Modern and wealthy economies tend towards being service based (it is one of their defining characteristics. Think about a typical "wealthy" society - just the basics but it can be extrapolated
1) Food - how many times have you encountered dysentery? Food containing things that will kill you in days/weeks? How about ma... | 68 |
When your body creates new blood what happens to the blood that it's replacing it with? | The question says it all I hope. | 74 | The Kupffer cells in your liver go to work. The iron gets taken out of the hemoglobin to be used in the new cells (that's why humans do not need much iron in their diet). The rest of the hemoglobin gets converted to bilirubin (a building block for bile in the digestive tract). The cell itself doesn't have a nucleus so ... | 35 |
ELI5: How do newspaper companies print so many coloured newspapers, selling them dirt cheap, and yet if I printed a single newspapers-worth, I'd easily spend 20x the price of a newspaper on ink. | I hear all the time that we are often paying for the ink, rather than the printer, but how much of a scam is it and are there cheaper alternatives? | 24 | Not all printing methods are created equal. Your personal inkjet printer is a marvel of technology (and the cost heavily weighted toward tiny capacity consumables) but it is not the least expensive method of printing. Most high capacity printing is going to be done by what is called "offset printers", a method where me... | 31 |
[Snowpiercer] SPOILERS | So does humanity go extinct at the end of the movie? Because 2 people are not enough to repopulate the human race,and its been said that everyone else on the planet is dead. | 19 | Everything in the movie up to that point - humanity trying to stop global warming, Wilford building the train, Minsoo's decade-long hoarding of explosives, the rear passengers doing what they had to do to survive, the long string of failed rebellions - is an unbroken chain of failure and corruption. But it is also a ta... | 16 |
ELI5: how come when you pour water out of some glasses it pours smooth but some times it goes down the side? | 15 | Water tends to want to "stick" to glass, and other surfaces. This is called adhesion. This is one of the forces acting to turn the water as it pours. The faster you pour, the more force that is required to turn the liquid to keep it attached to the glass. At some point, the water is moving too fast for the adhesive for... | 13 | |
Do any plant cells undergo apoptosis in a similar fashion to animal cells? | 505 | Yes. All the time for hollow cavities, shedding leaves, and things like that. From DNA damage is also possible, but far less common than in animals because any tumors would be far more localized so it's not as important to prevent. | 152 | |
[X-Men: First Class] What happened to the nuclear energy Sebastian Shaw absorbed? | 21 | When Magneto sent the coin through Shaw's head, Shaw was full of energy. He was primed to detonate like a nuclear weapon. It seems that the energy remained in his body. If his death were any more physically jarring, perhaps he would have detonated. | 15 | |
How do celestial bodies become tidally locked? | 30 | As they spin the side closest to the source of gravity gets slightly pulled towards the middle more than the other side elongating it slightly, as it spins the elongated side keeps changing slowing the spinning until one side stays constantly facing the centre | 15 | |
ELI5: Why are individuals given a much lighter sentence if they accept a plea deal and plea guilty versus if a jury finds them guilty? | 19 | Because that was the agreement, if they plea guilty, they'll face a lighter sentence.
It's in the interest of the entire justice system for cases to not be bogged down unnecessarily, if someone is willing to not waste the courts time and money proving them guilty then they're rewarded with a slightly more mild sentenc... | 29 | |
Why can the human body experience debilitating
pain? | I know pain, in general, is useful for a "don't do this!" warning. But in many circumstances it just really outdoes itself. I can think of various situations that the person can't do anything to fix, but which nevertheless give extreme pain. I would think that this would be selected against, because people lying around... | 15 | This has more to do with pain tolerance than the actual amount of pain. This is why adrenaline can cause you to withstand more pain (or outright ignore it at times).
As for pain from things you can't stop or can't be fixed, that's because the pain function in the body is a very simplistic one. It alerts you to damage ... | 11 |
[DareDevil] Why does Matt Murdock pretend to be blind? | Okay, I get that technically he IS blind, but with his superpowers and echo-location he can basically 'see' everything around him, other than maybe colours or writing.
So why the need to act like he can't see at all? If it's to make it less obvious to his enemy that he's DareDevil, why cover his eyes when he fights?
... | 25 | His eyes don't work. They don't look like they work, they don't behave how other peoples do. He can't pretend that there's nothing wrong with them, so when he acts like he can see then questions start to get asked; how is he doing it, how good is it, his ability to sense stuff is eerily similar to that DareDevil fellow... | 47 |
[Star Wars] Was Palpatine a 'good sith'? | In regards to the Rule of Two, and the ideals set forth by Bane, was Palpatine a 'good sith', or could it be argued he defied the Rule of Two utterly, which is what lead to his death and the downfall of the Sith as a whole? | 52 | It's true that Palpatine flouted the Rule of Two, but that's because he understood that the Rule of Two had a purpose, namely to strengthen the Sith Order so that they could eventually destroy the Jedi and rule the galaxy. And he did that.
So think of it not as Palpatine showing contempt for the Rule of Two. Inste... | 113 |
[Spider-man] How does Spider-man stick to walls with gloves and boots on? | I've always wondered this. I know he sticks to walls in general with his cilia, or whatever it is that lets bugs cling to things, but he has gloves and boots on! How does this work? | 37 | He doesn't actually have little hooks in his fingertips. He has the power to "enhance the flux of inter-atomic attractive forces on surfaces he touches, increasing the coefficient of friction between that surface and himself." This works through fabric if it is thin enough.
He has some suits that are made of thicker m... | 24 |
ELI5: Most animals are symmetrical. Why are some animals like lobsters exceptions to this rule? What lead to this? And why isn't it more common in other animals, or even humans? | 41 | Lobsters are mostly symmetrical, the functional differences between a pair of front claws is just that, functional adaptation. Bilateral symmetry is very common in pretty much everything higher than worms and starfish. Sponges and such are usually thought of as the truly non symmetrical organisms | 41 | |
CMV: If a man doesn't want a child, the woman should not be able to give birth anyway and come after him for child support. | As a society we've pretty well decided that abortion is okay (or at least legal), and the woman gets to decide whether or not to keep the baby. It makes sense, since she is the one carrying the child and her body is most effected. Fine.
But then if a man doesn't want the child, the woman should not be allowed to go af... | 46 | The right for a woman to have an abortion is not founded on her having economic independence from a child. Abortions are allowed as they have the right to their own body.
Women and men are not making the same decision and therefore we do not have to treat it the same. | 33 |
ELI5: How Do Hotel Star Ratings Work? | Who decides what star rating is awarded to a hotel? What are the most important sources for these ratings? Who decides which hotels get reviewed by "professionals" and which ones get rated on websites like yelp? | 223 | Most hotel star rating systems indicate the amenities/luxuries available at a hotel, rather than their quality. A one star hotel offers basic services (room and bath, table and chair, reception staff, etc). A two star hotel adds things like a reading light, breakfast buffet, offer of toothpaste and other toiletries.... | 101 |
Can our DNA be used to guess at our fingerprints? | Or vice versa?
Are the patterns on our hands and feet are result of specific alleles in our genes, or are they a result of our environment instead of our DNA?
| 83 | Not much is known about the specifics, but enough is known to answer your question.
We know that there is a genetic component to fingerprint formation. For instance, a mutation to the regulatory gene SMARCAD1 can yield adermatoglyphia--a rare condition that results in no fingerprints forming.
We also know that e... | 47 |
[Fallout] How people are still phisically intact? How come they don't have a leg sticking out of their asses or have four arms and stuff? Why are they ''normal?'' | I mean, there are no mutated-weirdo people other than ghouls. And how in the hell ghouls live that long? Shouldn't they die sooner than normal people due to radiation poisoning? | 101 | Mutations dont really work that way. The few animals seen with extra heads or something are extremely rare cases of animals surviving, adapting, and mutating in irradiated zones for generations.
The nuclear war left many areas only slightly irradiated. Many humans not in vaults were able to survive by not being near ... | 149 |
CMV: Apple is a deceptive company that relies primarily on brand image to sell its overpriced products. | Apple Inc. used to be a pioneer of technology in the late 20th century with the Macintosh computer and iPod devices, but today they have become a company that relies on inferior rehashes of old technology that they deem as "innovative" and market for much more than what they are actually worth.
A prime example is the... | 1,661 | No one is required to purchase anything from Apple, and something is worth exactly what someone else is willing to pay for it.
If Apple can find a million people to pay $1000 for their phone, then that phone is worth $1000, by definition, to those million people. It isn't "overpriced", or they wouldn't agree to pay i... | 573 |
Why can Hubble take amazingly high def shots of distant galaxies, but Pluto remains a blur? | 17 | If a galaxy is a billion times as far away as Pluto, but a trillion times as big, it will appear 1000 times larger in the sky. The Andromeda galaxy, for example, is 5.3 billion times as far away from Earth as Pluto is, but is 560 trillion times as wide. That's why it's so much bigger in the sky.
There's also the issue... | 31 | |
ELI5: Why does food have to be labeled "not a significant source of ___" | I knew my diet green tea wouldn't be a significant source of calories from fat or iron. I figured that would be a given. Is there a reason they have to include that label on everything? Also why not do it with everything else rather than just the limited few? | 306 | The FDA requires all food items to have nutrition labels. Certain substances are required on these labels, like fat, protein, carbs, sodium, cholesterol, Vitamins A and C, iron, and calcium (I am unsure if this is a complete list). If a food item however has no significant amount of any number of these items though the... | 89 |
ELI5: Why are metal shavings flammable? | im just curious how Metal shavings of something like Steel can be flammable even though the metal itself ( and most others) do not combust like that. | 143 | Metals can oxidize- this is what happens when they rust or otherwise react with oxygen. Usually this happens slowly, since only the surface is exposed to air and rust/oxides on the surface actually block the air from touching fresh metal underneath.
Rusting/oxidizing produces heat. A rusty nail is rusting very slowly... | 79 |
ELI5: What happens when you "unpop" your ears? | 16 | U open up a tube known as the Eustachian tube which connects the middle ear to your pharynx. This balances the air pressure in ur ear which is what u hear as a pop. Some examples would be popping ur ear during a flight, esp during take off/landing. | 11 | |
[Jurassic Park (1993 movie)] Why were the dinosaurs getting sick? | They make a pretty big deal of it with the Triceratops (pustules, weakness, balance issues, dilated pupils and of course the cyclical, every-six-weeks nature of it, but never say.) Then, later, when a brachiosaurus wakes Dr. Grant and the kids in the tree, they notice that it too, is sick. And yet, as far as I know the... | 15 | Triceratops have gizzards. They weren't finding the berries in the feces because they weren't eating them, they were accidentally taking them in when they swallowed stones, and regurgitating them with said stones. While there's no paleontological evidence for triceratops specifically having a gizzard, it is known that ... | 25 |
ELI5: If alcohol is a sedative, then why do some people get hyperactive, energised? | ELI5: If alcohol is a sedative, then why do some people get hyperactive, energised?
I remember the first couple time I drank alcohol I used to run around and felt extremly energised. | 24 | Alcohol isn't a sedative. It's technically speaking a neurotoxic psychoactive drug and nervous system depressant. So basically it gets into your brain and affects it's function. So you shouldn't have any hyperactiveness but outside the brain your adrenal glands get stimulated by alcohol and releases adrenaline. The adr... | 16 |
CMV: Spoons are the most versatile utensil, and knives are the least | First, lets denounce knives. Knives are only good for cutting things such as meat. In every other aspect a spoon and a fork are more efficacious. I think we could all agree on that so I will make this a debate between forks and spoons to make it easier.
Out of spoons and forks spoons are the most useful utensil. They... | 21 | Sure they CAN do these things, but in practice, the fork is king. Unless soup is present, at any random meal, if you're going to have just one utensil people would overwhelmingly be happier with a fork than a spoon. That's why prepackaged plastic cutlery often skips the spoon.
The bottom line is that a spoon is signif... | 14 |
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