Split (1)

train · 19.4M rows

text stringlengths 9 94.9k
King Penguins in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.
It's not always easy to keep mentally focused during running. Focus requires discipline and a certain level of mental toughness, meaning that you have developed the capacity to perform to the best of your ability despite external conditions or internal distractions. You can minimize distractions and help yourself stay focused by implementing self-help techniques and maintaining a positive, nonjudgmental attitude.
Mentally tough athletes push through and overcome obstacles to stay focused on their ultimate goal. Developing the traits that characterize mental toughness can help you remain focused during running. According to sports psychologist JoAnn Dahlkoetter in an article for the online runner's resource, "Competitor," several characteristics or traits tare commonly identified in mentally tough runners: Resilience, focus, strength, preparation, vision, openness and trust. You simply do not allow yourself to become distracted by external conditions or internal emotions -- you have the ability to put these distractions behind you for the time being and live in the moment.
Positive self-talk can encourage you and help you stay focused while running. According to sports psychologists Leif Smith and Todd Kays in "Sports Psychology for Dummies," mentally repeating specific cue words, such as "focus" or "hustle," may help to increase your concentration when you feel a decrease in your level of focus. Tape the cue words to a piece of athletic tape around your wrist and mentally concentrate on them while you run, as though the words are your mantra. Don't beat yourself up if you're having an off day. Talk to yourself as you would talk to a good friend. Be positive and encouraging and tell yourself that you can do it.
When you feel yourself starting to tire or slow down, marathon runner and trainer Jeff Galloway suggests practicing the following drill, adapted from his book, "Mental Training for Runners: How to Stay Motivated." Tell yourself that you're going to continue running for just one minute more, reducing your pace slightly for a few seconds, then continue this pattern, telling yourself "one more minute" or "10 more steps" until you achieve your goal for the day. If you break down your goal into small chunks, it may seem more manageable and achievable and you'll be less likely to lose focus.
Almost all athletes use some form of visualization prior to or during their workout or competition to help them stay focused. According to Galloway, worrying and focusing on the negative possibilities is a major way that many runners become distracted and lose motivation. Visualization can help you overcome your worries and direct your focus back to your goal. Visualization involves vividly imagining and rehearsing positive outcomes to future events or the event in which you're currently involved. Before your race, you might lie down and imagine yourself running effortlessly, overcoming obstacles and achieving your goal. The more vividly you can imagine the scene by involving all of your five senses, the more effective your visualization will be.
Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd. UK Golf Courses, guide to golf course and golf clubs, locations maps, view from the air, 3D or street views.
Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd map.
Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd Tel: 020 8654 3061. A map of Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd is shown above. You can use the drop down menu to select from a variety of map types, including Bing maps 3D views, a street map, satellite views, and a virtual flight over the Golf Course courtesy of Google Maps (Google Earth plug-in required for your browser).
Not seeing the 360 degree aerial view of Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd? - you may need to install the Google Earth Plug-in (FREE) for your web browser, or choose a different map option from the drop down menu above the map.
The map alongside shows the approximate location of Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd.
View UK Golf Courses (including Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd) from the air, street level or select from a collection of useful local maps including 3D views and Google map.
If you are trying to find how to get to the Course at Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd you can use the various maps alongside to help you on your way.
Let Gary be your Golf Course guide to the Golf Club at Addington Palace Golf Club Ltd!
A man suspected of assaulting two women at a hot dog stand in Los Angeles was arrested by police. Video recorded during the altercation shows a man repeatedly punched two women before fleeing through traffic to the other side of the street.
It all started when the two victims approached the hot dog stand and noticed that a man was angry at the vendor over the price of hot dogs. Apparently, the man was angry that the hot dogs cost $6 and, when offered a free hot dog by the vendor, turned it down and continued raving about the price. At that point, one of the women told the man to “just leave,” after which he went irate and started punching the women.
Bystanders got video of all but the very first blows being thrown, though none of them stepped in to help the victims.
Assault is covered under California Penal Code 240 PC and is described as an attempt to commit a violent injury on someone else. A person can be charged with assault regardless of whether or not they actually make contact with anyone. The reason for this is because the crime itself is committed when someone attempts to commit a violent injury on someone else. Whether the defendant actually inflicts the violent injury or not doesn’t matter when it comes to being charged with assault.
Simple assault is a misdemeanor in California, with the possible penalties including a fine of up t o $1,000 and up to 6 months in county jail. These penalties are standard regarding most California misdemeanors. However, depending on the circumstances of the case, it’s possible that other penalties or court orders could be involved.
Tula Telfair's hyper-realistic landscape paintings are at once awe-inspiring and extremely personal. Although vividly detailed, the scenes she depicts are not found in nature; they are conjured from memory and imagination. Informed by her experiences growing up on four continents, Telfair produces fantastical visions with delicate brushstrokes and a breathtaking mastery of color and light. Suggestive of waterfalls in Africa, deserts of the American Southwest, and ice floes in Antarctica, Telfair’s art draws attention to the power and fragility of nature. Essays by Henry Adams and Michael S. Roth explore the technical and aesthetic aspects of Telfair’s work, her personal history, and the interplay between realism and invention.
Tula Telfair grew up in Africa, Asia and Europe before moving to the United States. Her work is featured in public collections around the world and has been widely exhibited. She is a professor of art at Wesleyan University and lives and works in New York City and Lyme, Connecticut. Henry Adams has written 14 books or book-length exhibition catalogues and is a professor of art history at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. Michael S. Roth, president of Wesleyan University, publishes essays, book reviews and commentaries in national media and scholarly journals. He lives in Connecticut. J. Michael Fay is an American biologist, ecologist, conservationist and is a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence.
Henry Adams is an art historian and curator. The author of more than 300 scholarly and popular arti-cles, his subjects in the field of American art range from the seventeenth century to the present. He has written twenty books or book-length exhibition cata-logs, including Eakins Revealed and Tom and Jack: The Intertwined Lives of Thomas Hart Benton and Jackson Pollock. He has been singled out by ARTnews as one of the foremost experts on American art. From 1984 to 1993, Adams was the Samuel Sosland Curator of American Art at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City and, in 1989, he produced a documentary on Thomas Hart Benton in partnership with Ken Burns. He is a graduate of Harvard and Yale, where he received his B.A. and PhD (respectively) and is currently the Ruth Coulter Heede Profes-sor of Art History at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.
Michael S. Roth, Wesleyan class of 1978, became the sixteenth president of Wesleyan University in 2007, after having served as Hartley Burr Alexander Pro-fessor of Humanities at Scripps College, associate director of the Getty Research Institute, and president of the California College of the Arts. While at Wes-leyan, he has overseen the launch of two new centers and four new colleges emphasizing interdisciplinary research and community learning. He is an author and curator, most notably of the exhibition “Sigmund Freud: Conflict and Culture,” which opened at the Library of Congress in 1998. Roth’s recent books include Memory, Trauma, and History: Essays on Living with the Past and Beyond the University: Why Liberal Education Matters. He also regularly publishes essays, book reviews, and commentaries in the national media and scholarly journals, in addition to teaching undergraduate courses. He lives in Connecticut.
J. Michael Fay is an American biologist, ecologist, and conservationist. Among his best-known proj-ects are the Megatransect, in which he spent 455 days walking 3,200 miles across Gabon and the Congo Basin, and the Megaflyover, an eight-month aerial survey of the entire African continent. These projects brought attention to the need to protect the last remaining pristine forest in central Africa, and led to a historic initiative by the Gabonese government to create a system of thirteen national parks, comprised of some 11,000 square miles of wilderness. He is the National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence.
SecurShred destruction process ensures compliance with HIPAA disposal requirements.
Congress recognized the need for national patient record privacy standards in 1996 when they enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). The law included provisions designed to save money for health care businesses by encouraging electronic transactions, but it also required new safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of that information.
Different mastering for this vinyl edition apparently. It definitely sounds different. More separation between the various instrumentation, a more "naked" vibe, you feel like you can hear/see the seams. Prefer the CD version, it's tighter, rounder, fuller, an integrated whole. But this works nicely as an alternate-world version of one of the greatest avant-garde metal albums of all time.
anybody on the sound quality of this ?????
Maybe a collectors item, but since it lacks the fantastic artwork.... Boring!
Just a master piece. Far beyond its time, this record has is own place in history. The best blend of genders without leave the heavy background. Really deep record... just give this gift to your ears!
One of the greatest records in metal/psychedelic/prog rock..SImply beyond critisism the work contained within rivals Pink Floyd.
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. -- Those who know Jeremy Pruitt best describe him as a bull in a china shop. It's the way he coaches, the way he recruits, the way he goes about his daily grind.
Given Tennessee's struggles over the past decade, the Volunteers probably needed a dose of Pruitt's in-your-face, old-school approach, and there were flashes of progress in 2018 in his debut season on Rocky Top. The Vols upset nationally ranked Auburn on the road and also knocked off a ranked Kentucky squad at home, but finished the season with a whimper with back-to-back lopsided losses to Missouri and Vanderbilt.
The end result was all too familiar to Tennessee fans -- a seventh losing season in the past 11.
But as Pruitt enters Year 2, the Vols return several key contributors from last season, and even more important, there's a genuine feeling inside the Tennessee football complex that some of the gains this offseason are indicative of what's to come on the field.
Pruitt hired away veteran offensive coordinator Jim Chaney from Georgia and went into the NFL ranks to get Derrick Ansley as the Vols' defensive coordinator after Pruitt called defensive plays in 2018. In addition, former Tennessee national championship quarterback Tee Martin, previously USC's offensive coordinator before being fired, is back at his alma mater as assistant head coach and receivers coach, and the Vols signed a pair of five-star offensive-tackle prospects in the 2019 class, including early enrollee Wanya Morris.
The schedule is a little more forgiving in 2019, with seven of the first nine games at home, meaning a postseason appearance is more than a reasonable expectation for the Vols in their second season under Pruitt.
The Vols lost Kyle Phillips, Alexis Johnson and Shy Tuttle, all of whom played a ton of snaps on the defensive line in 2018. This is a key spring for Emmit Gooden to assert himself in the middle of the defensive line and be a consistent performer after coming over from junior college a year ago. John Mincey and Matthew Butler will also get every chance to show what they can do up front defensively. There are question marks on the offensive line, too. Trey Smith's status after a recurrence of blood clots last year remains unclear, and starting tackle Drew Richmond elected to transfer. The Vols do get Brandon Kennedy back at center after he missed last season with an injury. Marcus Tatum has bulked up to 300 pounds, which should help his cause at tackle.
It's always nice to return your starting quarterback and all of your top running backs and receivers, and that's what the Vols do in 2019. This will be Jarrett Guarantano's third season as the starting quarterback, and he will be surrounded by running backs Ty Chandler and Tim Jordan, who combined for 1,152 rushing yards last season, as well as the Vols' top three receivers from a year ago: Marquez Callaway, Josh Palmer and Jauan Jennings. All three averaged more than 14 yards per catch. And on defense, Tennessee returns the bulk of its secondary, including a pair of cornerbacks -- Bryce Thompson and Alontae Taylor -- who both started last season as true freshmen. Thompson intercepted three passes and earned Freshman All-America honors.
Chaney steps in for Tyson Helton as offensive coordinator and has a proven track record when it comes to developing quarterbacks. Everybody knows about his work with Drew Brees at Purdue, but Chaney was also instrumental in Jonathan Crompton's improvement his final season at Tennessee, turned Nathan Peterman into an NFL draft pick when Chaney was at Pittsburgh and got Jake Fromm ready to play as a true freshman at Georgia. Martin will take over as receivers coach with David Johnson moving to running backs. Chris Weinke will move from running backs to quarterbacks. And on defense, with Ansley taking over as coordinator, Kevin Sherrer will shift to special-teams coordinator. One of the biggest recruits of the offseason for Pruitt was keeping head strength coach Craig Fitzgerald after his alma mater, Maryland, made a hard run at him. With Fitzgerald returning, that means this will be the first time in five years that Tennessee has had the same strength coach in back-to-back years.
Instant-impact addition: Of the two five-star offensive-tackle prospects the Vols landed in the 2019 class, only Morris will be on campus this spring. Darnell Wright doesn't arrive until the summer. Morris has the size and tools to be a starter right away, and all of the reps he receives this spring should make him that much more equipped. The Vols were in desperate need of linebackers who could make plays in space, and early enrollee Quavaris Crouch would seem to fit that bill with his blend of speed and physicality. Crouch was a running back in high school, but the Vols recruited him as a linebacker.
The truth is there hasn't been a lot to get excited about from the Tennessee perspective over the past decade or so when it comes to the Florida "rivalry." The Gators have won 13 of the past 14 games in the series, and the Vols last won at the Swamp in 2003, when Ron Zook was running the show in Gainesville. Despite Florida's stranglehold in this series, it's still the game that sets the tone for Tennessee in September and one that could propel the Vols to a big season with a victory, especially with an open date the following week and then Georgia coming to town Oct. 5.
Autodesk, Inc. has launched Autodesk Mudbox 2010 software, the latest version of its digital sculpting and painting application. The 2010 release makes it easier for artists to use Mudbox alongside Adobe Photoshop, Autodesk Maya, Autodesk 3ds Max and Autodesk Softimage software. Mudbox 2010 now also features a host of new creative tools and workflows, as well as a software development kit (SDK) that enables production teams to customize and integrate Mudbox into pipelines.
* Interoperability with Adobe Photoshop: New workflows make using Mudbox in conjunction with Photoshop easier. Mudbox 2010 can import PSD files to use as paint layers, as well as export paint layers as PSD files for touchup.
* Simpler interoperability with Maya, 3ds Max and Softimage: Mudbox adds support for Autodesk FBX file transfer technology, enabling artists to import and export scene data containing more information than the usual OBJ file format. Painted texture maps, cameras and image planes can be retained, resulting in higher-fidelity transfers that help to save artists' time.
* Software development kit (SDK): Mudbox 2010 introduces a C++ SDK that production teams can use to customize and integrate Mudbox into pipelines.
* New creative tools and workflows: The 2010 version also includes new brushes, support for reordering of paint layers, ambient occlusion map baking, new viewport filters as well as the ability to render images directly from the viewport -- making Mudbox a great presentation tool.
Toy kitchen made of wood with wardrobe and shelf inside.
Modern dolls house made out of wood. Structure painted in grey. Roof and interior stained in walnut.
Wooden stall toy. Shelves with dividers and cloth awning.
Wooden desk painted in two colors. It includes storage drawer.
To receive all our news, offers and discounts.
This trip lasted barely two days and it went by very fast. The reason the Abreu Fellows (5 out of the 10 of us) were in Long Beach, California was to perform a number on the TED Stage during the TED Prize session. Here’s a little background.
TED, which stands for technology, entertainment and design is a non-profit dedicated to promoting “Ideas Worth Spreading.” The organization holds conferences all over the world where they gather some of the best and brightest from all fields to speak for about 18 minutes on their area of expertise. No matter who they are none of the speakers are paid and they all get about 18 minutes. Past speakers have included Bill Clinton, Bill Gates, conductor Benjamin Zander, poet and spoken word artist Rives and of course our own Jose Antonio Abreu, founder of El Sistema.
The TED Conference is the main conference and it is held once a year in Long Beach, California. In theory anyone can attend but there is a pretty serious application and a $6000 attendance fee. Despite this the conference sells out very quickly. Founders, CEOs, politicians and celebrities are generally in attendance. Below is a picture of one TED session I attended where they simulcasted the talk of Britain’s next Prime Minister (if all goes as planned), David Cameron.
So why the heck were we invited to perform? Well as you all know by now, the founder of El Sistema, Jose Antonio Abreu, won the TED Prize in 2009 and as a result he receieved $100,000 and a wish, which was to launch the Abreu Fellows Program. It is at these yearly TED Conferences that the TED Prize is announced. But before they announce the new TED Prize winner, they look back at previous winners and through speeches, videos and performances they show the audience how the previous winners’ wishes are coming along. To show how Abreu’s wish was developing they invited the Abreu Fellows do a skit/music performance.
It was a quick six-minute performance and I think it went really well. We got a standing ovation from the audience and lots of great feedback afterwards. I’d like to think that our performing skills are the reason for the positive reception, but I know it has much more to do with the fact that people believe in Abreu’s wish.
I’ve spoken to so many people who tell me something special happened last year at the TED Conference when Abreu gave his TED Talk. TEDsters (people who attend TED) are generally brilliant and successful and they’ve seen and done it all, but apparently Abreu’s talk and wish really made an impact on them last year. Fortunately for the Abreu Fellows Program, people are really behind this wish and want to see it unfold.
9pm: We land at LAX. It’s my first time in California and I’m happy to see palm trees instead of snow.
11pm: I meet up with my colleague, former school-mate and TED Fellow Robert Gupta for a drink at the hotel.
11:45pm: I walk around Long Beach looking for food. I see TEDsters everywhere.
7:30am: I wake-up and head to the Long Beach Performing Arts Center to watch the TED University Talks session. I’m excited to see Gupta speak and perform there.
8:45am: Gupta’s TED Talk. Have you seen the movie “The Soloist” starring Jamie Foxx? The protagonist is the real-life Nathaniel Ayers, a musician who develops schizophrenia and becomes homeless. Gupta is now his violin teacher so his TED talk is about his experience working with Ayers. Gupta also performs some Bach after his talk. Out of all the TED University speakers, Gupta is the only one that gets a standing ovation. He deserves it as he is fantastic. His talk should be available online in the next few months. Bravo Robert!
10:50am: I’m walking to meet the other fellows. From afar I see a beautiful blonde walking towards me by herself. As she gets closer I glance at her nametag. It says Cameron Diaz. She walks right by me and like an idiot, I say nothing, not even hello.
12:45pm: Rehearsal on the TED stage. The acoustic piano we were supposed to use turns into an electric keyboard. Most of our 30 minute rehearsal time is taken up by the techs trying to get this keyboard to work. Our run-through is mediocre at best so we’d like another go at it. The answer is “sorry, but no.” Great…no pressure guys.
4:00pm: Hair and make-up. No seriously, hair and make-up. The make-up artist tells me I have good skin.
4:30pm: Meg Ryan walks by us backstage.
5:00pm: TED Prize session starts. I’m a little nervous but Mark Churchill the director of the Abreu Fellows program is sitting with us in the audience. Seeing a familiar face helps.
5:45ish pm: Our performance. We kill it. The TED audience is great. I’m relieved it went well. People such as Al Gore, Meg Ryan and Bill Gates are in the audience. Our performance was videotaped by TED and I’ll post it as soon as we get it.
6:15pm: Jamie Oliver does his TED Talk and announces his wish. Personally I think it’s a great wish: “To create a strong and sustainable movement to educate every child about food, inspire families to cook again and empower people everywhere to fight obesity.” Check out his TED talk here.
6:45pm We’re backstage. Sheryl Crow, who has just performed after Jamie Oliver, congratulates us, the fellows, on our performance. I ask myself what I’m doing here.
7:00pm The fellows and I head to a restaurant for a reception.
7:15pm We meet various people, all ridiculously good at what they do: a co-founder of Skype, a writer/producer for Grey’s Anatomy, the President of this and CEO of that. I remind myself to take it easy on the drinks so I don’t say something stupid.
8:00pm As we’re standing around a table, a rather tall, black guy comes right up to me, shakes my hand and congratulates us on our performance. It’s Will Smith. I tell him I’m a big fan. I decline to tell him that I know every line from the Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. He asks what the long, brown thing was that I was playing. He introduces himself to all of us and chats with us for a few minutes. He is very humble and easy-going. As he leaves, I immediately post to Facebook about the encounter. It pains me to admit it now, but I felt giddy, like a 5-year old in a candy store. I again ask myself what I’m doing here.
11:30pm Block party on the street. I run into a few TEDsters who support the Abreu Fellows program like Carl Haney and Michael Melcher. The band is awesome and people are dancing…as best as a bunch of CEOs and Founders dance.
7:00am Abreu Fellows Breakfast with TEDsters and supporters of the fellowship. Gupta attends too. I sit beside the President and CEO of Gibson Guitars.
9:00am I start writing emails to all the people I’ve met to thank them for their support.
My TED experience was unbelievable and I feel priveleged to have been invited. Thank you to Rives, who helped us put together our performance, to Amy Novogratz and Anna Verghese who looked after us from the moment we landed at LAX and to everyone in Boston that watched our practice run-throughs and gave us feedback.
We depart for Caracas, Venezuela this Thursday where the real adventures will start. El Sistema, I’m constantly told, is the real deal and will not dissappoint. I hope so, because I’ve been bragging about it all year now…You’ll hear from me soon.
All bright steam cleaning services philosophy is simple – outstanding customer service, the best network for your present and future needs and your complete satisfaction. Don't risk your communications – call us now. All bright steam cleaning services is a customer-focused and quality-driven Home Services (Home and Building Services) business based in Morphett Vale, SA . We take great pride in the work we do.We have built and maintained a loyal customer base, which includes domestic and commercial clients. We became established throughout Morphett Vale and surrounding suburbs by offering excellent customer service and maintaining both integrity and accountability of our work. We guarantee quality results and are totally committed to customer satisfaction. If you live in Morphett Vale or surrounding suburbs, please get in touch for all of your Home and Building Services needs.
Ah, Monday... we meet again! I have to say that I was a bit sad to see this weekend come to a close! The weekend seemed short for some odd reason. But I have to say I throughly enjoyed every minute of it. The weekend was relaxing and spent at home with family and one of my oldest and dearest childhood friends, Katie! The weekend was filled with good food, catching up and belly aching laughter! There is nothing I love more then a good laugh with people I love, the laughs that leave you gasping for breath and tears in your eyes! Those are simply the best moments!
And, when I am surrounded by the people closest to me, I cook, because nothing goes better with friends and family then a good home cooked meal! Ultimately this is a dinner we will enjoy while doubling over in our chairs because we are laughing so hard! Anyways, lets transition into talking about these mouth watering fish tacos, and talking about the fact that summer has to be one of my favorite seasons for cooking here in Minnesota! Simply because in Summer you can grill anything and everything, and you can create some pretty awesome and fresh meals! I love the bold pops of color that come with summer meals, as well as the bold and exciting flavors! These Grilled Salmon Tacos scream summer to me! The tacos get pun h of summer from the Citrus Mango Salsa (also blogged about here) and the slaw adds great crunch! Make these for your next get together! Enjoy with friends and family, laugh, enjoy summer and make memories!
1- Combine mango, cilantro, onion, and pepper in a small bowl. Toss to combine. Stir in olive oil, orange juice, lime juice and spices, mix and set aside.
2- In another smaller bowl, combine broccoli slaw, onion, red pepper and cilantro. Toss to combine. Stir in Olive oil, lime juice, and spices, mix and set aside.
3- Heat grill to 350 degrees. Coat salmon (both sides, flesh and skin) with olive oil. Sprinkle salmon with salt, pepper and garlic. Place salmon, skin side down on grill. Cook 10 minutes on grill or until desired degree of doneness has been met.
4- To Serve divide slaw among 4-6 whole wheat tortillas, top with salmon and mango salsa. If not using tortillas top quinoa or brown rice with salmon, slaw and mango salsa. Or eat taco salad style with salmon and mango salsa on top of slaw with chips! Top with additional toppings like sour cream/greek yogurt and avocado if you desire!
Here are more delicious fish taco recipes from around the web!
Like any travelers worth their frequent flyer miles, the twin rovers of the Mars Exploration Rover Mission must prepare for a long journey. Unlike airline passengers, however, the rovers won't have an attentive flight crew to tend to their needs. Instead, the twins face a daunting 460 million kilometer (286 million mile) voyage to Mars. To ensure their readiness, scientists and engineers at JPL are testing the rovers by simulating conditions they'll experience en route to and upon arrival at the red planet.
Just as the twins will travel separately, they are also tested separately. Rover 1 is midway through the process affectionately known as "shake and bake." Inside the cocoon formed by the spacecraft backshell and heatshield, the rover, in its cruise stage, was placed on a vibration table and shaken intensely. Such vigorous movement mimics the conditions the rovers will face leaving Earth's atmosphere and entering the martian atmosphere. The intense sound of launch can also pose a threat to spacecraft health. Rover 1 underwent acoustic testing to test its sensitivity to sound and passed with flying colors.
JPL's Space Simulator Facility serves as an "oven" and a "freezer" for another round of the environmental testing. To reproduce conditions in space, Rover 1 will undergo solar thermal vacuum testing. In this large chamber, the spacecraft will be exposed to temperatures from -196 degrees Celsius (-320 degrees Fahrenheit) to 93 degrees Celsius (about 200 degrees Fahrenheit). The chamber's solar capabilities are known worldwide.
"The solar thermal vacuum chamber can generate sunlight at 10 times the intensity of a clear, sunny southern California day," said Robert E. Brown, JPL facility engineer.
Telecommunication equipment will also be tested for electromagnetic compatibility. Engineers must be sure that instruments onboard the rovers can freely transmit and receive data without interfering with one another.
Rover 2 is now fully assembled and in its surface configuration - the way it will look when the petals of the lander open to free it to roam the surface of Mars. Recently, engineers successfully conducted a series of mobility tests on the floor of JPL's Spacecraft Assembly Facility. Although several engineering models of the rovers had been driven, this marked the first time a flight vehicle had been tested for mobility.
While systems engineers are readying the rovers for their expedition, the operations and science teams are preparing themselves for what promises to be a demanding schedule once the science phase of the mission begins. Although long-term goals for the rovers were set in the mission planning phase, day-to-day schedules will be determined by the conditions on the planet, as well as what was accomplished the prior day.
"What makes the mission so different from anything we've done before is we're operating the rovers in a non-deterministic way," said John Callas, science manager of the Mars Exploration Rover Project. "We don't know what we'll do until we land and see what's there. Each day we'll command the rover based on what we have just learned. It's really an adventure that way."
A team of approximately 100 people will support each rover during the science phase. Teams will work in shifts that will change daily by 40 minutes to accommodate the 24 hour, 40 minute martian day. The bulk of the team's work will be done while the rovers are "sleeping" - about 14 hours a day. Data from the rovers' day must be processed and interpreted. Based on those results, the team will build new commands for the rovers to complete when they wake up.
To prepare for this, the team is participating in a series of training exercises. In thread tests, different types of software are checked for compatibility. Team members also attend "flight schools," lectures where they are instructed on specific subsystems or rover processes. The most elaborate of the exercises are the operational readiness tests, during which an exact engineering model of the rovers called the Surface System Testbed will be used in an indoor sandbox.
"These are essentially dress rehearsals," Callas said. "We'll do these tests on a flight-like timeline. If we have 14 hours, we have to get it all done in that timeframe. We'll be using flight tools and simulated data. We'll build products and commands and run them on the testbeds to make sure they work."
With the frenzy of activity that occurs before and during the mission, it is vital for scientists and engineers to remain healthy, rested and focused. The team has participated in a series of fatigue counter-measure workshops that teach how to recognize and alleviate symptoms of sleep deprivation.
"It's going to be tough because everyone's going to want to be there all the time; it's an exciting project - there are going to be new discoveries every day," said Callas. "However, some of those people need to be at home sleeping, preparing for their shift - part of my job is making sure they don't overdo it."

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.