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If you work with medical data and need to comply with HIPAA regulations (specifically 21 CFR Part 11 regulations), Troi Encryptor Plug-in 5.0 and FileMaker Pro 17 can help you accomplish just that. The FileMaker Pro database can store your information and Troi Encryptor Plug-in can encrypt sensitive information using p... |
Sewing Rooms To Die For! |
Look at this vibrant and happy sewing room! Table is from a restaurant supply, rug from Ikea, cabinet from Ikea and the curtains Diane made! |
Wouldn't you just love to have this expansive space for your own sewing room? It has everything but the fridge! Tom Volk made the hanging wall storage, ironing table, the cutting table and the sewing area along the back wall.. |
Please send us pictures of your sewing room! |
This could be YOUR name HERE! |
Dana Lynch's Innova all set up in her room. |
YOUR sewing room could be featured HERE! |
[Q] is an Electrical Engineer who works in an industrial setting. He frequently uses Programmable Logic Controllers at work but had never built one himself. He decided to undertake the project at home and managed to build a PLC that outputs 120V AC or 12 V DC and has optoisolated inputs. |
On the circuit board you’ll find an ATmega8 and an EEPROM for extra data storage. Six outputs are controlled by relays since they are able to output either alternating or direct current. There are eight inputs which use optical isolators as buffers to protect the microcontroller. |
So what did he end up using this for? It was part of his Christmas light setup last year. The image above shows the PLC in a water-tight electrical box with extension cords running to each of the devices he wishes to control. The example code is what he used on the X-mas setup, but it should be enough of a guide to pro... |
So…basically he wired some relays and extension cords to an ATMEGA chip? |
A device without an intended use is just pointless. Even if you can occasionally plug Christmas lights into it for fun. |
@M4CGYV3R: Thanks for the translation into English :). |
And where in his AVR code is the “Logic” from PLC? |
Is the optical isolation done the right way in this project? Both the transistor and the diode have common ground, which means it isn’t really isolated. |
That said, ladder logic is simply a visual perspective and any code if/then logic will accomplish the same tasks. In fact, most commercial ladder logic based plc’s do in fact run their instructions sequentially from the top of the ladder downward. |
I also agree the common grounding issue is a major design flaw, and somewhat defeats the purpose of the optical isolation. |
@McMonster: At best, it will limit an over-voltage on the input reaching the AVR but yep, it’s not really isolated. He may as well have just put a cheaper zenner or transorb. |
I was planning on developing ladder logic programming for this PLC but that proved to be above my computer programming skill level, so I moved onto other things. |
When you work with Industrial controllers, you tie the neutrals of all your power supplies together (floating grounds are unsafe) and, then you tie one of those neutrals to earth ground. Because my PLC was mainly designed to mess around with small 5V inputs I decided to simplify things and just make the connections on ... |
In the end the input side of the Opti-couplers do get tied to the power supply in some way (external to the board or right on it). |
The optical isolation will still provide protection to the rest of the board. Surges or improper voltages on the input will only blow the OK itself but, will not jump to the output side and blow the micro controller or other components. |
Good catch, I like to explain as much as I can, and from the commends it seems that I need to make the OK write-up more clear. |
Thanks for the input, guys I always love talking design, it’s a great way for me to learn. |
We make Arduinos into PLCs with some optically isolated 5VDC to 120VAC solid state relays and custom made shields. Works very well. |
An Arduino *is* a PLC, isn’t it? Isn’t PLC really just an industrial term for “embedded computer controller”? |
A PLC is a controller that is purpose built to function in adverse conditons. Extremes in temperatures, humidity, vibration, dust, etc are normal operating conditions for a PLC. Inputs and outputs can be nearly anything you want (DC, AC, or analog, from 5VDC, to 440VAC 3 phase). You don’t buy a real PLC unless you have... |
You CAN do anything with a *duino that you can do with a PLC, but it is all a matter of what you want to do with it. If you need dozens of IO, and need to handle line level voltages, in extreme environments, you will use a PLC. If you need to control highly complex, industrial systems, you will use PLCs. |
*duinos (or other forms of microcontrollers) are better suited to smaller systems. I am sure that others will disagree with me, but if you are designing one machine, use an Arduino. If you are designing the entire plant, use a PLC. |
Conventional logic says this is correct. But Arduinos have plenty of power – on par with many common PLCs. They are far less expensive and without too much work are able to be extended out such that they can talk with each other and perform computer based monitoring. What they can’t do is drive a large touch screen or ... |
Arduinos generally lack *any* 120v outputs but with some solid state or mechanical optically isolated relays, you can control up to 480 volt systems without terrible difficulty – assuming you know what you are doing. The SSR modules are fairly inexpensive and because the arduinos are so much easier to use, easier to pr... |
You’re right, functionally a PLC is nothing more than a hardened microcontroller. |
All very valuable things that save time and headaches when doing complex (and often dangerous) stuff. |
Koyo makes some sub $100 PLCs and they seem to work just fine, has excellent ladder software as well. |
Actually, that was off the top of my head. And you are absolutely correct. I should also mention that I’ve only had one class in PLC’s, and that over a decade ago. |
And I do agree with Hackerspacer. When I said “highly complex, industrial systems”, I was thinking more about the ‘industrial’ than the ‘complex’. PLCs are (mostly) designed for nasty, miserable environments that have neither air conditioning or filtration. And they are installed and maintained by electricians. Most el... |
If the connecting wires are 14 gauge and larger, and carry either 48VDC or some type of line voltage; OR are very electrically noisy, you should probably use a PLC. If the conecting wires are 18 gauge and smaller, and won’t handleing more than ± 12VDC, go with a microcontroller. |
Or even more simply put, if your signal wires carry enough current to kill you outright, use a PLC. Otherwise, use a microcontroller. |
PLC is just a term that has stuck for many kinds of modular, rail-mount, easily programmable controllers with specific IO needs. PLCs were the next step from relay control blocks. |
So basically, all those discrete blocks (relays, timers, logic) that had to be wired, it could be done with programming just one block via a simple graphical interface. |
If you build a few, simple machines professionally that need some control – use a PLC. For larger scale installations, the availably systems (building blocks) are not easily categorized, but everything goes: PLC with motion control and addional IO modules connected via some field bus, up to embedded real time OSs with ... |
It’s all about standardization – of course, if you are very quick, you can build your own specialized hardware to do the job. But only few people will be able to design, build, program and test a system within the time they can setup a PLC. In addition, a proprietary solution is not easily replaced and maintained while... |
I know – there is also a (discontinued?) project called MikroSPS, by the guys who now mainly do the MikroKopter. I think it is able to generate code from a logic diagram made with EAGLE. |
Who cares if its overkill or technically not this or that? I think it’s a great project, particularly if you someday get some kids involved in understanding how it all works. Better than playing video games or watching TV IMO, and he probably had the best light display on the block. Beat that Mr and Mrs Joneses! |
Its up to Hardware design we all know PLC is able to work in Extremes in temperatures, humidity, vibration, dust, etc are normal operating conditions. |
# For Dust Protection you can use thin coating layer paste which will help you for Dust Protection. |
# Microcontrollers use Embedded C etc. |
What is Main Difference b/w PLC and MCU based PLC. |
# Ladder logic is mainly design for Electrical Engg.’s who only know NO,NC of relay. |
# Software of PLC are Available Worldwide and any little skilled person who deals with Relay are able to program PLC But not able to program Microcontroller based PLC. |
# PLC hardware consist semiconductor base and MIcroprocessor/microcontroller is RUN inside PLC but User Interface programing is Ladder (for Electrical Engg’s). |
I do PLC development daily for a living. I have worked on power plant systems with 100’s of I/O points and 1000’s of communicated points. The more I learn about arduinos, and other controllers the more I am convinced that the multi $100K systems i work on are not much more powerful (in cases less) than these controller... |
You don’t really need to use a *seperate* ground for the isolator to work as intended . Ground is simply a reference for voltage; if the circuits aren’t connected by anything other than ground it’s fine. |
I’m a bit perplexed as to why he is using an isolator for a 5v DI though.. – It would make complete sense for a 12, 24 or higher voltage DC. |
With a couple modifications it could be used for AC also. |
I was reading the project documentation and there is a part were you explain “..LED1 is in series with the coil..” Could you please confirm how is that? By looking at it I thought the coil was in parallel with LED1 and R13. |
Thanks for sharing your project with the community, people like you make the internet a better place. |
You are correct. The LED and resistor are in series, parallel to the coil. |
Don’t forget your reverse biased flyback diode. |
Emil Carlsen : Venetian scene, ca.1908. |
ca.1939 Private collection of [unknown] . |
ca.1908 Emil Carlsen, the artist . |
1939 American Art Association, New York, NY, “Oil paintings : earlier works ultra-modern works drawings American & French bronze sculptures“, April 12. |
– American Art Association, New York, NY, exhibition catalog, sale #4446, “Oil paintings : earlier works ultra-modern works drawings American & French bronze sculptures“, April 12, 1939, #87, page 30, not illustrated. |
– Akron Art Institute, Akron, OH, “exhibition”, dates unknown. |
– We believe this would be a variation off Venice, 1908. |
– American Art Association, New York, NY, exhibition catalog, sale #4446, “Oil paintings : earlier works ultra-modern works drawings American & French bronze sculptures”, April 12, 1939, #87, page 30, not illustrated. |
Hélène Wickett has regularly appeared as soloist with major orchestras and in solo recital throughout Europe and the Americas as well as being active as a chamber musician. Her London Wigmore Hall debut took place in 1985, Kennedy Center in 1986, Paris Opéra Comique and Rome Villa Medicis in 1993. |
Ms. Wickett has appeared with the Cleveland Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic, Boston Symphony, Göteborg Symphony, San Francisco Symphony, Stockholm Philharmonic, Minnesota Orchestra, Residentie Orchestra of the Hague, Pittsburgh Symphony, Oslo Philharmonic, St. Louis Symphony, Graz Philharmonic, Dallas Symphony, Indianapoli... |
She has played solo recitals in virtually every major western musical capital. Winner of the Pro Musicis Foundation Award, she made her New York debut under their auspices in 1980. Through the Pro Musicis Foundation she also has played in many non-traditional venues such as hospitals, maximum-security prisons, drug reh... |
Born in Palo Alto, California to an American father and Austrian mother, she began piano and violin lessons at age 4, played her first solo recital at 6, made her orchestral debut at 8 and won the San Francisco Symphony Youth Auditions at age 11, making the first of numerous solo appearances with that orchestra. She en... |
Ms. Wickett has performed some 70 concertos with orchestra as well as most of the chamber music repertory. A violin student of Henryk Szeryng, Stuart Canin, Jacob Krachmalnick, and Naoum Blinder, she also plays viola and harpsichord. She is principal violist for Symphony Parnassus. She has also studied voice in Vienna ... |
Clean, simplistic styling defines a go-to sneaker designed with a dual-density footbed and set on a sporty rubber sole. Sizing: True to size. D=medium width - Round toe - Faux suede construction - Perforation detail - Lace-up - Can be worn with or without laces - Removable padded insole - Imported With every pair you p... |
Just like it is unwise to share the content of your dreams with someone who you do not feel safe with, it is also advisable to be careful about whom you share your emotional pain with particularly when you are vulnerable in the grieving process. Having healthy and strong boundaries means assessing who is safe to share ... |
Sharing your emotional pain with appropriate people will protect your psychic boundaries and ensure that you feel heard. Appropriate people are ones you can trust, who will listen to you without judgement and who will refrain from taking over the conversation with their own personal material. |
Who wants to share their bereavement, for example, with someone who proceeds to hijack the conversation with their own stories of bereavement and loss? Or to share your personal pain with someone who will respond with platitudes and cliché statements? When you are grieving the loss of a loved one you can do without sta... |
Narcissists won’t have the emotional capacity to offer you the space to share your pain with them. Instead, they will want to talk about their own pain from their past which can leave you feeling ignored and frustrated. It is far better to keep your counsel and share your pain with a trusted friend, spiritual advisor o... |
It is important for the grieving process that you have the private and confidential space to reflect on the range of emotions which you will experience. This can help you to find the compassion for yourself and others so that you can effectively process your difficult feelings and emotions. A crucial aspect of transfor... |
Stages of grief can include denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. However, there is huge individual variation and there is no neat progression from one stage to another. Personal circumstances will vary enormously too, such as your relationship to the deceased, how sudden the loss was and whether you ha... |
The benefits of speaking to a trained counsellor are that they are able to put aside their need to share their own personal material with you so that you can be afforded the uninterrupted space which you need in order to grieve and to share your pain. A skilled professional will be aware of the stages of bereavement, w... |
After Brent oil prices sank to new lows of less than USD 30/bbl at the beginning of this year, the GCC energy market witnessed a further slowdown in project activity from already low levels of activity that has been witnessed in the past two years. While the first half of 2016 saw relatively lower project spends (c.USD... |
As this quarter witnessed remarkably low project spends, the worst seen in the past 5 years, a comparison of the Q2 project awards for the past several years was also carried out. Data confirms, however, that low spends for this quarter were due to market instability rather than seasonality. The following figure (Figur... |
Further examination of Q2 2016 spends reveals that this was not due to a poor pipeline either, as Q2 2016 initially had c.USD 30bn worth of projects planned for award. A deeper analysis of the data depicts that all projects above c.USD 500mn that were due for award this quarter, faced delays, and were postponed for awa... |
Lack of Funding: Large spenders in the region experienced a slowdown in project activity due to issues related to financing, as governments focus on reducing their fiscal deficits. Data by Bloomberg reveals that energy producers in the GCC more than doubled their borrowings this quarter with Saudi Arabia leading the wa... |
Major Restructuring in the Oil & Gas Space: Countries such as Saudi Arabia and UAE have undergone major re-structuring within the key decision making hierarchy. While Saudi Arabia saw the replacement of its energy minister to Khalid al-Falih, who is planning to focus on diversifying the country’s energy portfolio, UAE ... |
Current Workload & Lack of Resources: Kuwait, another large spender in the region, witnessed a fall in project awards due to the fact that the country is currently executing several mega-projects already and does not have additional capacity to take on more mega projects. |
While a majority of the GCC countries are facing a slowdown in project activity, Bahrain on the other hand, has witnessed its strongest quarter in terms of project spends in the past decade. This was due to the award of ALBA’s Aluminium Plant Expansion Phase 6 - Smelter. Moreover, the country’s future pipeline continue... |
"H2 2016, however, is expected to be dominated by the downstream sector (c.USD 18.8bn) with refining and gas processing accounting for the largest share (c.50% and c.19% respectively within the downstream sector). " |
A sector analysis of the first half of this year depicts that H1 2016 witnessed very low downstream activity (c.USD 5bn) and was largely dominated by the power, oil & gas production and pipeline sector; these sectors saw c.21%, c.20% and c.18% of awards respectively. H2 2016, however, is expected to be dominated by the... |
In order to understand the contractor landscape, a deeper analysis of the projects awarded in the first half of this year was carried out. This revealed the dominance of the Asian contractors (such as SEPCO III and HDEC) that won four out of the six projects which were above the c.USD 750mn threshold, when compared to ... |
Looking at the future projects for the remainder of the year, we see that the GCC market has c.USD 66.2bn worth of projects planned – with Q3 2016 expecting to see the award of c.57% of planned projects. A country-wise analysis for this year reveals that Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and UAE will account for c.26%, c.25% and c.... |
Niyc began her career as a personal trainer. She would push herself really hard. The income wasn’t great, but she was doing something she really loved. Niyc got to a point where she felt stuck while working, going to school, and going back to work at night. That came at a detriment to her health and she felt like a vic... |
Last June, Niyc had taken two months off from her business to write her book. She had savings in the bank and was launching an online group program at the end of that two-month gap. She knew it was going to be a success because she worked so hard on it for 6 months with her assistant. When Niyc launched the program, sh... |
Strength and Love is her leadership style. Niyc leads from a loving heart with joy and inspiration. As a leader she wants to create an atmosphere that is supportive. |
Niyc is in the editing process of her book Now is Your Chance. She is working on a TV Series, Niyc TV or Happiness TV, still in creation at the moment. |
Niyc’s morning mindset ritual is what gets her ready in the morning. By building a strong body and strong mind you are able to go out there and seize the day and be a powerful strong leader that is coming from the right place. |
Niyc would tell herself no matter what happens along the way that it is always going to work out all right. |
Fayetteville police went door-to-door Monday warning residents in the Tiffany Pines neighborhood to be on the alert for suspicious people and vehicles. |
FAYETTEVILLE (WTVD) -- Fayetteville police went door-to-door Monday evening warning residents in the Tiffany Pines neighborhood to be on the alert for suspicious people and vehicles. |
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