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Helicine a ery are branch of
|
BD CHAURASIA S HUMAN ANATOMY SIXTH edition Vol 2 Pg 221 The deep aery of penis runs in the corpus cavernosum.It breaks up into aeries that follow a spiral course and are there called helicine aery
| 1
|
Deep aery of penis
|
Femoral aery
|
External pudendal aery
|
None of the above
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
720d8fe7-cd8f-4bfc-86be-0791f4ef47b1
|
multi
|
As per WHO guidelines, iodine deficiency disorders are endemic in the community when prevalence of goitre in school age children is more than -
|
Deficiency of Iodine The most obvious consequence of iodine deficiency is goitre but recent studies have indicated that there is a much wider spectrum of disorders, some of them so severe as to be disabling. They include : (a) hypothyroidism (b) retarded physical development and impaired mental function (c) increased rate of spontaneous aboion and stillbih (d) neurological cretinism, including deaf-mutism (e) myxoedematous cretinism, including dwarfism and severe mental retardation. To express this state of affairs more accurately, the term "endemic goitre", is now replaced by the term Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) to refer to all the effects of iodine deficiency on human growth and development which can be prevented by correction of iodine deficiency. According to WHO, IDD is endemic in a community In which prevelence if goitre in a community is more than 5% Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 642
| 2
|
1%
|
5%
|
10%
|
15%
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Nutrition and health
|
50119c2f-5cbf-4e69-8b6f-ff999ab83ad0
|
single
|
Fatty liver caused due to excess alcohol consumption is because of the excess ratio of?
|
Ethanol + NAD - acetaldehyde + NADH + H So there is increase ratio of NADH / NAD due to increase NADH (1) Beat oxidation will not occur (2) Fatty acid synthesis will increase in liver and lead to fatty liver (3) Oxaloacetate + NADH + H - MALATE (4) Pyruvate +NADH + H - MALATE Due to excess NADH, oxaloacetate is unavailable for TCA CYCLE and acetyl COA will increase and forms fats in body Pyruvate and oxaloacetate, the predominant substrates for gluconeogenesis, are made unavailable by alcohol intoxication and that lead to hypoglycemia in body
| 3
|
NAD/NADH
|
NADP/NADPH
|
NADH/NAD
|
NADPH/NADP
|
Biochemistry
|
DNB 2018
|
de0dbd3e-8446-450f-87d1-4707da3c6b38
|
single
|
If mean is less than the median, than the data is said to be
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Negatively skewed Relationship among the three measures of central tendency (ie mean, median and mode) in a skewed curve is an oft repeated question.Lets first see what skewed distribution curve is.* An asymmetrical distribution curve can be of two types:Positive skewed distribution curveNegative skewed distribution curvePositive (or right) and negative (or left) skewed curves are recognized by the location of the tail of the curve (not by the location of the hump - a common error)Positive or Right skewed distribution curve * there curves have a relatively large number of low scores and a small no of very high scores the mean lies towards the extreme right of the curve Negative or left skewed distribution curve.there curves have a large number of high scores and a relatively small number of low scores the mean lies towards the extreme left of the curve.Now lets see the measures of central tendency.Modeis the most frequently occurring valueit lies at the peak of the hump.Meanis the arithmetic averageit is greatly influenced by the relatively small number of very high or very low scoresit liestowards the extreme right in a right (Positive) distribution curve andtowards the extreme left in a left (negative) distribution curve.Medianis the middle valueit lies b/w the mean and mode dividing the curve into two equal halves.Relationship b/w the measures of central tendency* In a symmetrical curveMean = Median = Mode* In a Positive (Right) skewed curveMean > Median > Mode* In a Negative (left) skewed curveMean < Median < Mode
| 2
|
Positively skewed
|
Negatively skewed
|
Equitable distribution
|
Normal distribution
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Measures of Central Tendency and Distribution
|
60daf22f-aa2c-4ac9-9574-da5cc4912fc2
|
single
|
Drinking can be induced by:
|
B i.e. Osmotic stimulation of supraoptic nucleusBody respond to increased plasma osmolality in two ways.(i) By increasing ADH secretion which decrease water excretion by kidney(ii) By stimulating thirst centre which increase water intakeIn both these mechanism osmoreceptors are involved.(iii) Supraoptic nucleus near anterior hypothalamus causes ADH secretion.(iv) Preoptic nucleus is centre for thirst stimulationThe osmotic threshold for thirst is same or slightly (-5%) greater than the threshold for increased ADH secretion.It is still unceain whether the same osmoreceptors mediate both effects That means centre for ADH secretion and thirst stimulation might be same or stimulation of one can lead to both the mechanism. Thus with increase in osmolality 1st thing to occur is ADH secretion followed by thirst stimulation.Aquaporins: are water channelsAq 1, 2, 3 - Present in kidneyAq, 2 - Vasopressine responsive in collecting ductAq 4 - In BrainAq 5 - In salivary gland, lacrimal gland, Respiratory tract.Vasopressin secretion is regulated by osmoreceptors, that are situated outside blood- brain barrier & located in circumventricular organs primarily in OVLT/ supraoptic crestQ
| 2
|
Electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus
|
Osmotic stimulation of supraoptic nucleus
|
Lesions in the paraventicular nucleus
|
Neuronal lesion of the preoptic nucleus
|
Physiology
| null |
19efe0b5-8267-4527-8786-8ad10e5d022b
|
single
|
Treatment of granuloma inguinale is-
|
A i.e. Tetracycline
| 1
|
Tetracycline
|
Sulphanomide
|
Streptomycin
|
Pencillin
|
Skin
| null |
98983944-57ce-4fd5-ba91-36aa02e533a4
|
single
|
All of the following are used in a PCR reaction, EXCEPT
|
Components of PCR 1. Template DNA 2. Pair of DNA Primers 3. Thermostable DNA polymerase 4. dNTPs 5. Buffer with divalent cation ddNTP (dideoxynucleotide triphosphates) Not used in PCR; Used in sanger's chain-termination method
| 2
|
Buffer
|
ddNTPs
|
Oligonucleotide Primer pair
|
Template DNA
|
Biochemistry
|
Techniques in molecular biology
|
dd6691c8-7a50-4162-8c97-9969bf5f41fa
|
multi
|
The compiication that can occur with internal podalic version for transverse lie:
|
Complications of internal podalic version rupture uterus if done without adequate liquor and in obstructed labour Anaesthetic risks Atonic postpaum haemorrhage due to the use of uterine relaxants like halothane Bih asphyxia and bih trauma (refer pgno:453 Sheila textbook of obstetrics 2 nd edition)
| 1
|
Uterine rupture
|
Uterine atony
|
Cervical laceration
|
Vaginal alceration
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Abnormal labor
|
00db71ab-9349-4bbd-bc53-83c27459ee2f
|
single
|
Transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to an alpha keto acid is done by:
|
Transaminases
| 1
|
Transaminases
|
Aminases
|
Transketolase
|
Decarboxylase
|
Biochemistry
| null |
8c8ed9ea-0ba7-4cd7-b9f9-ef976c187eb2
|
single
|
Investigation to diagnose carcinoma head of pancrease are/is -a) Hypotonic duodenogramb) X-ray abdomenc) USGd) Endoscopye) C.T. Scan
|
Investigations done in pancreatic cancer
USG
CT scan
ERCP
Endoscopic U/S
Angiography
Barium studies - barium meal & hypotonic duodenography
Contrast enhanced CT scan is the inv. of choice.
| 2
|
bce
|
acde
|
abcd
|
abde
|
Surgery
| null |
e765dfd4-ca9b-4fdc-a805-6ffa0cd95e7f
|
single
|
A 40 year old male,Chronic smoker comes -with-acute epigastric discomfort, for past one hour. ECG showing ST segment elevation in inferior leads. What is the immediate intervention?
| null | 1
|
Aspirin
|
Thronibolytic therapy
|
IV paritoprazole
|
Beta blockers
|
Medicine
| null |
44df8b1c-4343-49ac-817f-a6506aa05d0d
|
single
|
Hapten is -
|
Haptens are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein Reff: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:87
| 3
|
Same as epitope
|
Small molecular weight protein
|
Requires carrier for specific antibody production
|
Simple haptens are precipitate
|
Microbiology
|
Immunology
|
5b0da4b5-22b3-403c-824c-baf9addeb5f3
|
multi
|
True about Moderate aerobic exercise is
|
Paial exercise is associated with increased core temperature and there is no significant change in blood ph. Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:503,504,505
| 4
|
Decrease in blood pH
|
Increase PaO2
|
Decrease PaCO2
|
Increased core termerature
|
Physiology
|
General physiology
|
ce887d9c-4dbb-436f-a69b-20bf9a6ce511
|
multi
|
A 14-year-old girl presents with a 5-day history of hypertension, oliguria, and hematuria. She was seen 2 weeks earlier for a severe throat infection with group A (b-hemolytic) streptococci. A kidney biopsy displays glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescence staining for which of the following proteins would provide the strongest evidence that this patient's glomerulonephritis is mediated by immune complexes?
|
In acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis, immune complexes localize in glomeruli by deposition from the circulation or by formation in situ as bacterial antigens bind circulating antibodies. The renal biopsy shows complement fixation. Complement activation is so extensive that over 90% of patients with postinfectious glomerulonephritis develop hypocomplementemia. Complement and other inflammatory mediators attract and activate neutrophils and monocytes, which stimulate the proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells, resulting in diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Typically, the level of serum C3 is depressed during the acute syndrome but returns to normal within 1 to 2 weeks. The other choices involve the coagulation system and are not components of immune complexes.Diagnosis: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome
| 1
|
Complement
|
Fibrinogen
|
Hageman factor (clotting factor XII)
|
Plasminogen
|
Pathology
|
Kidney
|
d344d7c0-1f0f-4735-b7a0-8a7ed4d5afc7
|
single
|
Which is false regarding an Anganwadi worker -
|
The anganwadi worker is selected from the community she is expected to serve She undergoes training in various aspects of health,nutrition,and child development for 4 months She is a pa time worker and is paid an honorarium of Rs.1500 per month (Refer pgno:903 park 23rd edition)
| 4
|
Pa time worker
|
Undergoes 4 month training
|
1 for 1000 children
|
Selected from the community itself
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Health care of community & international health
|
54c72235-c028-41c9-bf07-6acb5bf72aa8
|
multi
|
All the following indicators are used to measure disability rates in a community except ?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Human povey index
| 2
|
Suillivan's index
|
Human povey index
|
Health adjusted life expectancy
|
Disability adjusted life yea
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
95867d59-30a1-4af4-80ce-36434601d802
|
multi
|
Yellow/fatty liver is characteristically seen in: Jharkhand 11
|
Ans. Phosphorus poisoning
| 3
|
Datura poisoning
|
Cocaine poisoning
|
Phosphorus poisoning
|
Opium poisoning
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
a60cb6bc-0658-4679-905a-6eee9506d7bc
|
multi
|
How many demographic cycles are there in the world?
| null | 3
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
Dental
| null |
9c676de3-b9d0-49f7-a60d-399e30a6ea7c
|
single
|
Granulomatous lung disease is caused by?
|
Ans is 'a' i.e. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis* Granulomatous lung disease refers a broad group of infectious and well as non infections conditions characterized by formation of granulomas.* The spectrum includes :1) Infectiousa) Mycobacteriali) Pulmonary tuberculosisii) Pulmonary non tuberculous mycobacterial infectionb) Fungali) Pulmonary coccidioidomycosisii) Pulmonary cryptococcosisiii) Pulmonary histoplasmosisiv) Pulmonary blastomycosisv) Pulmonary aspergillus infectionsc) Parasitici) Pulmonary dirofilaria infection2) Non infectiousa) Sarcoidosisb) Wegener granulomatosisc) Churg strauss syndromed) Chronic granulomatous disease2e) Hypersensitivity pneumonitisf) Bronchocentric granulomatosisg) Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritish) Granulomatosis secondary to substancesi) Pulmonary talc granulomatosisii) Berylliosisiii) Granulomatous pneumonitis associated with begi) Changes secondary to chronic aspiration pneumonitisj) Lymphoproliferativei) Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitisii) Lymphomatoid granulomatosisk) Pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosisl) Erdheim-chester diseasem) Granulomatous lung disease associated with common variable immunodeficiency
| 1
|
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
|
Sarcoma
|
Bronchogenic carcinoma
|
Bronchogenic cyst
|
Pathology
|
Respiration
|
aa426e65-4223-40ca-a4f1-fe55da76f63c
|
single
|
Sterilisation by steam under pressure
|
Autoclave - Moist heat, steam under pressure. 121C for 15 min Two types of autoclaves are available : gravity displacement type and high vaccum sterilizers. In its simplest form, the laboratory autoclaves consist of a veical or horizontal cylinder of gunmetal or of stainless steel in a suppoing sheet iron case. The lid or door Is fastened by screw clamps and made aiight using suitable washer. The autoclave has on its lid or upperside a discharge tap for air and steam, a pressure gauge and a safety valve that can be set to blow off at any desired pressure. Heating is by gas or electricity Ref : Ananthanarayana textbook of Microbiology 9th edition Pgno : 32
| 4
|
Tyndall's Chamber
|
Koch's Arnold Steamer
|
Hot air oven
|
Autoclave
|
Microbiology
|
general microbiology
|
4c28e55e-af21-446e-9c41-b242ab585f23
|
multi
|
Bitherinal caloric test tests:
|
In Fitzgerald-Hallpike test/ bithermal caloric test, patient lies supine with head tilted 30deg forward so that horizontal canal is veical. Ears are irrigated for 40 seconds alternatively with water at 30degC and at 44deg C (70 below & above normal temperature) & observed for appearance of nystagmus till its end point
| 2
|
Anterior semicircular canal
|
Horizontal semicircular canal
|
Superior semicircular canal
|
Posterior semicircular canal
|
ENT
| null |
335cc5db-3dea-4b1a-9303-558503aca5d0
|
single
|
Coffee bean sign is seen in –
|
Coffee bean sign is seen in sigmoid volvulus.
| 3
|
Intus sus c eption
|
Bowel ischaemia
|
Sigmoid volvulus
|
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
|
Radiology
| null |
d504fc9b-f9bd-487e-8ab4-da28b85532c8
|
single
|
Which of the following is true about celiac sprue:September 2009
|
Ans. C: Anti-gliadin antibodies are IgA/IgG
| 3
|
Associated with HLA-DR4
|
Antiendomysial antibodies are highly specific and sensitive than other antibodies
|
Anti-gliadin antibodies are IgA/IgG
|
No predisposition to malignancy
|
Pathology
| null |
f67ade7d-81b8-4653-b9c5-f9d722c80a3c
|
multi
|
A 35-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease of unknown etiology is transplanted with a cadaver kidney. The patient develops oliguia shortly after transplantation and a renal biopsy shows immediate (hyperacute) rejection. Immunosuppression improves renal function. Which of the following represents the principle target for immune attack directed against this patient's allograft?
|
Incompatible ABO histo-blood group antigens, which are expressed on endothelial cells and erythrocytes, are absolute barriers to a successful transplant. ABO-incompatible grafts encounter preformed circulating antibodies, which bind to endothelial cells and cause immediate (hyperacute) rejection. By contrast, the most common patterns of acute and chronic rejection are caused primarily by donor-recipient differences in HLA molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex. These molecules are expressed on most cell surface membranes. Other causes of transplant rejection tend to be chronic, because they do not involve preformed antibodies. None of the other choices mediates hyperacute graft rejection.Diagnosis: Graft-versus-host disease
| 1
|
ABO antigens
|
Bacterial antigens
|
Glomerular basement membrane antigens
|
b2-Microglobulin
|
Pathology
|
Kidney
|
0a531d48-1809-47ff-8daa-611b6a2fd169
|
multi
|
Which of the following artery does not supply medulla?
|
Ans. d. Superior cerebellar artery (Ref BDC 4/e vol-III/202-203)Medulla is supplied by anterior spinal artery, branches of vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (but not the Superior cerebellar artery).Blood supply of Medulla Oblongata1. Anterior spinal arteryQ:The anterior spinal artery supplies the whole medial part of the medulla oblongata.A blockage (such as in a stroke) will injure the pyramidal tract, medial lemniscus, and the hypoglossal nucleus.This causes a syndrome called medial medullary syndrome.2. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery' (PICA)g:The posterior inferior cerebellar artery', a major branch of the vertebral artery, supplies the posterolateral part of the medulla, where the main sensory tracts run and synapse.3. Direct branches of the vertebral artery0:The vertebral artery supplies an area between the other two main arteries, including the nucleus solitarius and other sensory nuclei and fibersLateral medullary syndrome can be caused by occlusion of either the PICA or the vertebral arteries.
| 4
|
Anterior spinal artery
|
Vertebral artery
|
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
|
Superior cerebellar artery
|
Anatomy
|
Meninges & Blood Vessels of the Brain
|
69a58f05-9195-4020-9d42-8c0e0e80a914
|
single
|
All of the following are mature defense mechanisms except-
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Projection o Projection is a narcissistic defense mechanism.Defence mechanismsNarissistic/PsychoticImmatureNeuroticMatureo Denialo Distortiono Projectiono Blockingo Introjectiono Passive - Aggressive behavioro Acting outo Hypochondriasiso Regressiono Schizoid fantasyo Somatizationo Controllingo Displacemento Inhibitiono Extemalizationo Intellectualizationo Rationalizationo Dissociationo Reaction formationo Repressiono Sexualizationo Conversiono Undoingo Inhibition (Aim inhibition)o Asceticismo Suppressiono Altruismo Sublimationo Humoro Antipation
| 3
|
Anticipation
|
Suppression
|
Projection
|
Humor
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Mental Health
|
9c531431-4e47-4c72-8f9b-6ead5bf598b0
|
multi
|
Bed of tonsil is formed by -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Superior constrictor o Tonsillar bed is formed by the following:1. Pharyngobasilar fascia3. Buccopharyngeal fascia5. Glossopharyngeal nerve2. Superior constrictor muscle4. Styloglossus muscle
| 1
|
Superior constrictor
|
Middle constrictor
|
Inferior constrictor
|
Platysma
|
ENT
|
Pharynx
|
4a22e122-612c-4577-8942-4a7d69d52c72
|
single
|
Organism associated with fish consumption that also cause carcinoma gallbladder:
|
Ans. a. Clonorchis sinensis (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1428, 18/e p2008, 17/e p1330; http/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12483392; www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed/3993073)Clonorchis sinensisClonorchis sinensis is a liver fluke, acquired by ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked freshwater fishes.In human body, it lives within bile ducts and causes inflammatory reaction leading to cholangiohepatitis and biliary obstructionQ.It is a well known risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma.It is a rare, but mentioned risk factor for carcinoma gall bladderQ.
| 1
|
Clonorchis sinensis
|
Gnathostoma
|
Strongyloides cantonensis
|
H. dimunata
|
Surgery
|
Gallbladder Cancer
|
c99a3d4c-4f87-4be0-83d2-553c929a28c9
|
multi
|
Under the National Leprosy Elimination Programme, mass survey for leprosy is done if prevalence of leprosy is more than:
|
Under the NLEP, mass surveys are carried out by house to house surveys if prevalence of leprosy is>10/1000. In mass surveys, not less than 95% of the population should be covered. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 295.
| 3
|
1/1000
|
5/1000
|
10/1000
|
20/1000
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
ce00ba2b-5abf-460d-9182-a8d345521cc3
|
single
|
IUCD is contraindicated in :
|
Infection
| 3
|
Anemia
|
Hypeension
|
Infection
|
All of the above
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
e0420d47-150d-4a03-9eba-2234ec188a64
|
multi
|
Transitional epithelium or urothelium lines all of the following structures of the urinary system, EXCEPT:
|
The normal urothelium is composed of 3-7 layers of transitional cell epithelium. It is characterized by a superficial layer of dome like cells that are neither squamous nor columnar. These cells, sometimes called umbrella cells. It lines,Walls of the calicesPelvisUrinary bladderUretersUpper pa of the urethra
| 4
|
Ureters
|
Minor calyx
|
Urinary bladder
|
Membranous Urethra
|
Anatomy
| null |
9c63986a-1a15-42c7-9a86-1e898676f81d
|
multi
|
Inferior mesenteric vein drains into vein :
|
A. i.e. Splenic vein Inferior mesenteric vein begins as superior rectal vein & drains into splenic veinQ behind the body of pancreas. Inferior mesenteric vein receives superior rectal, sigmoid & left colic veins.
| 1
|
Splenic
|
Hepatic
|
Poal
|
Inf. vena cava
|
Anatomy
| null |
5a70499c-c2ae-4eb6-bae1-59be3e07df7d
|
single
|
'a' wave is absent in
|
(A) # 'a' wave of JVP: Due to right atrial contraction Synchronous with carotid artery pulse> Absent 'a' wave: Atrial fibrillation> Diminished 'a' wave: Tachycardia; Prolonged PR interval> 'a' Wave Fused with 'c' Wave: Supra ventricular tachycardia> Large 'a' Waves: Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary stenosis; Tricuspid stenosis Tricuspid atresia; AV dissociation> Cannon Waves (Giant 'a' Waves): Complete heart block when right atrium occasionally contracts against closed tricuspid valve Ventricular tachycardia; Ectopic beats
| 1
|
Atrial fibrillation
|
Heart block
|
Tricuspid regurgitation
|
Pericardial effusion
|
Medicine
|
Miscellaneous
|
10585724-67a9-405e-a3ee-278f6367c41c
|
single
|
Mucous lesions are seen in – a) Sec. Syphilisb) Dermatitis herpetiformisc) Psoriasisd) Pemphiguse) Porphyria
| null | 4
|
b
|
c
|
ac
|
ad
|
Dental
| null |
b2e73ea4-07cf-48ed-9485-0863fbded35d
|
single
|
Which action by a nursing assistant (NA) when caring for a patient who is pancytopenic indicates a need for the nurse to intervene?
|
Use of dental floss is avoided in patients with pancytopenia because of the risk of infection and bleeding. The other actions are appropriate for oral care of a pancytopenic patient.
| 1
|
The NA assists the patient to use dental floss after eating.
|
The NA makes an oral rinse using 1 teaspoon of salt in a liter of water.
|
The NA adds baking soda to the patient’s saline oral rinses.
|
The NA puts fluoride toothpaste on the patient’s toothbrush.
|
Medicine
| null |
955df187-bde0-4d1e-942f-bbdad35cc0e2
|
single
|
Western Blot detects
|
In this technique, proteins are identified Proteins are isolated from the tissue and electrophoresis is done Separated protein are then transferred on to nitrocellulose membrane After fixation, it is probed with radioactive antibody and autoradiographedRef: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 634
| 3
|
DNA
|
RNA
|
Protein
|
mRNA
|
Biochemistry
|
Metabolism of nucleic acids
|
d3005b12-49be-47d2-b8ba-1df1a2cd5d6b
|
single
|
A 75-year-old woman presents with history of tripping and falling in the bathroom and unable to walk or bear weight on her left hip. On examination it was noted that her left lower limb was in an externally rotated position, hip was tender and active straight leg raising was not possible. The most possible diagnosis is:
|
Ans: A (Fracture neck of femur) Ref: Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, 9th Edition, P 847-848Explanation:Fracture Neck of FemurMost common site of fractures in the elderly.Common in women in the 8th and 9th decades.The association with osteoporosis is main underlying factor.Other risk factors include bone-losing or bone-weakening disorders such as osteomalacia, diabetes, stroke (disuse}, alcoholism and chronic debilitating disease.In addition, old people often have weak muscles and poor balance resulting in an increased tendency to fall.The fracture usually results from a simple fall; how ever, in very osteoporotic people, less force is required--perhaps no more than catching a toe in the carpet and twisting the hip into external rotation.Occasionally, stress fractures of the femoral neck occur in runners or military personnel.Not all hip fractures are so obvious. With an impacted fracture the patient may still be able to walk, and debilitated or mentally handicapped patients may not complain at all-even with bilateral fractures.
| 1
|
Fracture neck of femur
|
Osteoarthritis hip
|
Dislocation of hip joint
|
Acetabular fracture
|
Orthopaedics
|
Fracture Neck of Femur
|
0216e1d4-bdf2-4681-946e-0559d4119abb
|
multi
|
Framingham Heart Study is an example of :
|
FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY:
Is a classical example of cohort study
Initiated in 1948 by US Public Health Service at Framingham, a town in Massachusetts, USA
Aim: To study the relationship of risk factors (serum cholesterol, blood pressure, weight,smoking) to the subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases.
| 2
|
Case control study
|
Cohort study
|
Cross-sectional study
|
Interventional study
|
Dental
| null |
d2765406-4b27-43ee-8cda-16771e3145d6
|
single
|
Mature bone is otherwise called as :
| null | 3
|
Woven bone
|
Irregular bone
|
Lamellar bone
|
Resorbing bone
|
Dental
| null |
2d8acd15-08e4-4f9b-8442-203d0197f513
|
multi
|
Orthodontic extrusion of intruded permanent incisor can prevent
| null | 1
|
Replacement resorption
|
Calcification
|
Extraction
|
Non-vitality
|
Dental
| null |
c8370a90-2694-488f-8228-1c98912d2f0a
|
single
|
A 80 kg patient is brought in causality. Patient is in shock. Vaso-pressure is to be staed micro/kg/min. Vial has 200 mg in 5 ml, 2 ls diluted in 250 ml NS. 16 drops is equal to 1 ml. Calculate drops per minute required
|
250 ml of NS contains 200 mg x 2 = 400 mg vaso-pressure1 ml NS contains = 1.6 mg vaso-pressureVaso-pressure staed 10 micro/kg/min or 80 x 10 micro g/min = 800 micro g/min or 0.8 mg /minVaso-pressure staed 0.8 mg/ min 0r 0.5 ml/ min (1 ml NS contains = 1.6 mg vaso-pressure) or 8 drops/ min (1 ml = 16 drops)
| 1
|
8
|
16
|
24
|
32
|
Pharmacology
|
All India exam
|
462857f3-87d2-4104-acfa-1d8a6b586ed0
|
single
|
Most potent mineralocorticoid is:
| null | 1
|
Aldosterone
|
DOCA
|
Fludrocortisone
|
Triamcinolone
|
Pharmacology
| null |
69992c3c-bfd8-4378-bbbf-789b9b5d6f0b
|
single
|
Maple syrup urine disease is due to -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., oc-ketoacid decarboxylase o Maple syrup urine disease is due to deficiency of a-ketoacid dehydrogenase (also called a-ketoacid decarboxylase).Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) or branched chain ketoaciduriao It is an inborn error of metabolism of branched chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine,o It is due to deficiency of enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in these amino acids metabolism i.e. branched chain-a keto acid dehydrogenase which catalyses decarboxylationQ of branched chain amino acidsQ,o As a result, the branched chain amino acids, leucineQ, isoleucineQ and valineQ and their a-keto acids accumulate in blood, urine and CSF.o There is characteristic maple svrup odor to the urine.
| 1
|
a-ketoacid decarboxylase
|
Transaminase
|
Isomerase
|
Mutase
|
Biochemistry
|
Amino Acid Metabolic Disorder
|
afb6c730-0158-4e01-b450-e1b4238e9998
|
single
|
Attachment to the first rib is all Except
|
B. i.e. Scalenius posterior
| 2
|
Scalenius-anterior
|
Scalenius-posterior
|
Scalenius-medius
|
Suprapleural membrane
|
Anatomy
| null |
441dbcce-ca99-4a33-983e-ae2ed5b9a21c
|
multi
|
True about pugilistic attitude: MP 09; PGI 10
|
Ans. Cannot differentiate between ante- or postmoem
| 3
|
Indicate antemoem burns
|
Indicate postmoem burns
|
Cannot differentiate between ante- or postmoem
|
Indicate defense by victim
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
2e52cb4d-7dd2-4302-9067-48d9b96dd329
|
multi
|
In Alibe Bazin syndrome, origin of lymphoma is from:-
|
- Alibe Bazin syndrome is the other name given for condition MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES. - MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES is the cancer arising from T-Cells - It is associated with cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma - Cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma, the tumor cells has high chances of skin infiltration called as EPIDERMOTROPISM & can also be present in the blood. - Findings of EPIDERMOTROPISM a PAUTRIERS MICROABSCESS - HALLMARK FEATURE of tumor cells a CEREBRIFORM NUCLEI. Tx- Steroids, UV Radiation, Vorinostat- Histone Deacetylase inhibitor.
| 4
|
Eosinophil
|
B lymphocyte
|
Monocyte
|
T lymphocyte
|
Pathology
|
Neoplasm of Mature B & T Cells
|
ce6d211e-6539-477c-bc0a-79b401a6d520
|
single
|
Which of the following plays a central role in the mitotic spindle formation in cellular division?
|
Centrosome plays a critical role in mitotic spindle formation. Gamma-Tubulin is a constituent of Microtubules, which are necessary for the formation and function of the mitotic spindle. Microtubules an integral component of the cellular cytoskeleton consists of cytoplasmic tubes 25 nm in diameter. These are cylinders of 13 longitudinally arranged protofilaments, each consisting of dimers of a-tubulin and b-tubulin. Cytoplasmic microtubules are composed of tubulin (55 kD) and several accessory proteins called microtubular associated proteins (300 kD and 60 kD). They are also involved in the intracellular movement of endocytic and exocytic vesicles and form the major structural components of cilia and flagella. They are a major component of axons and dendrites, in which they maintain structure and paicipate in the axoplasmic flow of material along these neuronal processes. Ref: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26th Edition, Page 577 ; Textbook of Biochemistry By D M Vasudevan, 3rd Edition, Pages 235, 238
| 2
|
Ubiquitin
|
Gamma-Tubulin
|
Laminin
|
Keratin
|
Biochemistry
| null |
2a74d954-614e-46ec-ab39-66382d5925b3
|
single
|
Radioisotope study preferred for detection of parathyroid adenoma is?
|
Sestamibi Scan Is preferred isotope study used for Parathyroid Adenoma I-131 is used for Systemic Radiotherapy of Thyroid Cancers Thallium-201 scan is used for Myocardial Perfusion Tc99m-MDP/Medronate is used for Bone scan
| 2
|
I-131
|
Sestamibi scan
|
Thallium-201 scan
|
Tc 99m-MDP
|
Radiology
|
Radiotherapy Pa 1
|
23002fc1-309f-48ac-96d2-22c9ddb81ea5
|
multi
|
Chromosomal non - disjunction responsible for all except-
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Neurofibromatosis type 1 Nondisjunctiono Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.o There are three forms of nondisiunction:Failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I.Failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II, andFailure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis.o Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).NondisjunctionMonosomyAutosomal trisomySex chromosome aneuploidyUniparental disomyMosiacism# Tumer syndrome (45XO)# Downs syndrome - Trisomy 21# Edwards syndrome - Trisomy 18# Patau syndrome - Trisomy 13# Kleinfelter syndrome# XYY male# Pradderwilli and angleman syndrome# Pallisterkillian syndrome# Hypomelanosis of ito
| 2
|
Down's syndrome
|
Neurofibromatsis type I
|
Pradderwilli syndrome
|
Angleman syndrome
|
Unknown
| null |
a3ba3a97-533e-429b-bff2-5a2cc0a11339
|
multi
|
With regard to Ketamine, all of the following are true except:
|
D i.e. Has no effect on intracranial pressure
| 4
|
It is a direct myocardial depressant
|
Emergence phenomenon are more likely if anticholinergic premedication is used
|
It may induce cardiac dysarythmias in patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants
|
Has no effect on intracranial pressure
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
20f1f6d1-0a4c-4ff6-968e-7e92b1a857c5
|
multi
|
Which among the following is the earliest to be detected by an antenatal USG?
|
Anencephaly can be detected as early as 10 weeks of pregnancy and the diagnosis is 100% accurate.
| 1
|
Anencephaly
|
Down's syndrome
|
Gender
|
Cleft palate
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
2264cd73-7c78-426a-8f03-723606171119
|
single
|
The ingredient of the fixing solution (fixer) of the X-ray is:
| null | 4
|
Hydroquinone
|
Elon
|
Sodium bisulphate
|
Acetic acid
|
Radiology
| null |
e7e878a2-1039-4b15-af2c-bc85bc7e713a
|
multi
|
Which of the following is a causative agent of Farmer's Lung?
|
Ref: Harrison 20th edition, P 1970Farmers lung is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis which is caused by thermophilic actinomycetes. The same organism grows on sugarcane dust and is the antigen leading to Bagassosis.DiseaseAntigenSourceFarming/Food ProcessingFarmer's lungThermophilic Actinomycetes (e.g., Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula); fungusGrain, moldy hay, silage SugarcaneBagassosisThermophilic actinomycetes
| 1
|
Thermophilic Actinomycetes
|
Aspergillus Fumigatus
|
Actinobacter
|
Aspergillus Flavus
|
Pathology
|
Respiration
|
d2fcbf6a-746e-4b19-82b0-fd4053a407f8
|
single
|
Meningomyelocele patient after being operated developed hydrocephalus due to:
|
Type II Chiari malformation is characterized by progressive hydrocephalus with a myelomeningocele.
| 1
|
Arnold Chiari malformation
|
Injury to absorptive surface
|
Central canal injury
|
Arachnoidal block
|
Surgery
|
Cerebrovascular Diseases
|
4f918b9c-7635-499d-887e-68778d5c188f
|
single
|
Complicated cataract is associated with:
|
Ans. D i.e. All of the above Cataract Systemic causes of cataract: - HTN, - Smoking, - DM MC cataract in adults: Coical cataract Complicated cataract: Characteristic sign is polychromatic lusture Lamellar cataract: Associated with - Malnutrition & - Hypoparathyroidism After cataract: Nd: YAG LASER capsulotomy is done
| 4
|
Uveitis
|
Retinitis pigmentosa
|
Degenerative myopia
|
All of the above
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
8dec4d5c-3115-43ab-9345-897a963608d9
|
multi
|
All are live vaccines Except
|
LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES:1. BCG2. MMR , MEASLES3. ORAL POLIO4. ORAL TYPHOIDKILLED VACCINES:1.RABIES2.HEPATITIS A3.PEUSSIS4.IPV-POLIO5.JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS VACCINETOXOIDS:1.TETANUS2.DIPHTHERIASUBUNIT VACCINES:HEPATITIS BADOLESCENT VACCINATION:1.MMR2.HBV3.HPV
| 3
|
BCG
|
Polio
|
Rabies
|
Measles
|
Pediatrics
|
All India exam
|
b58d3a5b-550e-43dc-9bb8-26a939175e20
|
multi
|
Kishori Shakti Yojana does not include
|
Kishori Shakti Yojana scheme targets adolescent girls in the age group of 11 to 18 years and addresses their needs of self-development, nutrition and health status, literacy and numerical skills, vocational skills etc. Ref: PARK&;S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23rd edition pg 592
| 4
|
Literacy initiative
|
Vocational
|
Nutrition
|
Cash allowance
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Health programmes in India
|
40e83248-ef21-4f00-ab61-5e631fb98a94
|
multi
|
Sump syndrome occurs most commonly after
|
SUMP SYNDROME Paiculate matter, stones and food debris accumulate and stagnate in the distal, "blind" end of the common duct SUMP syndrome occurs after choledochoduodenostomy Occasional cause of recurrent cholangitis that can result in anastomotic stricture Management Endoscopic management, consisting of sphincterectomy with or without balloon dilation of the anastomosis End - to-side hepatic jejunostomy, Roux-en-Y, to prevent persistent regurgitation of intestinal contents and to remove the "sump" permenantly, is preferred surgical procedure Ref: Blumga 5th edition Pgno :632
| 2
|
Cholecystojejunostomy
|
Choledochoduodenostomy
|
Mirriz's syndrome
|
Choledochojejunostomy
|
Anatomy
|
G.I.T
|
133bd8a9-0cd8-4ca3-802c-4b19c7c40e87
|
single
|
Estrogen beta receptors are found on
|
Oestrogen beta receptors are found in blood vessels Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:636,637,638
| 2
|
Uterus
|
Blood vessels
|
Ovary
|
Vagina
|
Physiology
|
Endocrinology
|
a7c5ad8e-76ea-44c0-9d13-7fe2b1268ef7
|
single
|
Which of the following is the preferred marker for detecting Acute STEM I in Atheletes:
|
Answer is B (Troponin T/I) Cardiac specific Troponins (Troponin T and Troponin I) are the biochemical markers of choice for detection of Acute MI in both healthy individuals as well as atheletes. 'The measurement of cTnT and cTnl (cardiac specific Troponin T & I) is of considerable diagnostic usefulness and they are now the preferred biochemical markers for MI' CK-MB isoenzvme is not a sensitive marker for AM I in Athletes The MB isoenzyme of CK has the advantage over total CK that it is not present in significant concentration in extracardiac tissue and therefore is considerably more specific. CK-MB rises within 4-8 hr after Acute MI and elevated CK-MB is accepted as a sensitive marker for diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in healthy individuals. Individuals who train for long distance races (Athletes like marathan runners) however have been observed to have very high resting concentration of CK-MB in skeletal muscles. This may be owing to an adaptation by the athelete to produce a higher relative content of CKMB within skeletal muscles themselves. Studies of CK-MB levels in trained marathan runners have reveaked that total CK and percentage of MB isoenzyme is asymptomatic runners have been comparable to levels of CK and CKMB in patients with myocardial Infarction. Because of nonspecificity of CKMB fraction in runners (atheles) the measurement of this isoenzyme is of little value in making an early diagnosis of myocardial injury in athelets. A measurement of troponin I is much better because it is specific for cardiac injury'
| 2
|
CK-MB
|
Troponin T/I
|
C-Reactive Protein
|
LDH
|
Medicine
| null |
1927ee0d-7e45-4415-bb3f-58b46c0189d4
|
single
|
Which one of the following is the most sensitive and specific screening test to detect breast cancer?
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mammography Mammography is most sensitive and specific in detecting small tumors that are sometimes missed on palpation. Screening Test (s) Disease screened Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test Cervical cancer Breast self examination (BSE) Breast cancer Mammography Breast cancer Bimanual oral examination Oral cancer ELISA, RAPID, SIMPLE HIV (National AIDS Control Programme) Urine for Sugar, Random blood sugar Diabetes mellitus AFP (alpha-feto-protein) Developmental anomalies in fetus Digital rectal examination (DRE) Prostate cancer Prostate specific antigen (PSA) Prostate cancer Fecal occult blood test Colorectal cancer
| 3
|
Regular X-ray
|
Self breast examination
|
Mammography
|
Regular biopsy
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
0cbbd32f-213b-47ee-a97b-3a29ecea28cd
|
single
|
Di collar or grease collar is seen in -
|
The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ;pg.no 131 A di collar is seen in firearm entry wound ,it is seen as narrow ring of skin ,lining the defect & is sharply outlined . This results from the removal of substances from the bullet as it passes through the skin ,i.e bullet lubrication ,gun oil from the interior of the barrel ,lead from the surface of bullet ,barrel debris etc .
| 3
|
Punctured wound by sharp weapon
|
Lacerated wound
|
Firearm entry wound
|
Stab wound
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Mechanical injuries
|
76f1e833-1c96-4821-9b2c-25b41d3b1142
|
single
|
Which among the following is not a beta lactamase inhibitor ?
| null | 3
|
Sulbactam
|
Calvulanic acid
|
Piperacillin
| null |
Pharmacology
| null |
219a5885-fde9-4eb3-a76a-9ddbb248cba5
|
multi
|
Modified nucleotide is seen in
|
Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. tRNAs function at specific sites in the ribosome during translation, which is a process that synthesizes a protein from a mRNA molecule. Proteins are built from smaller units called amino acids, which are specified by three-nucleotide mRNA sequences called codons. Each codon represents a paicular amino acid, and each codon is recognized by a specific tRNA. The tRNA molecule has a distinctive folded structure with three hairpin loops that form the shape of a three-leafed clover. One of these hairpin loops contains a sequence called the anticodon, which can recognize and decode a mRNA codon. Each tRNA has its corresponding amino acid attached to its end. When a tRNA recognizes and binds to its corresponding codon in the ribosome, the tRNA transfers the appropriate amino acid to the end of the growing amino acid chain. Then the tRNAs and ribosome continue to decode the mRNA molecule until the entire sequence is translated into a protein.Ref:<a href="
| 1
|
tRNA
|
rRNA
|
hnRNA
|
mRNA
|
Biochemistry
|
Metabolism of nucleic acids
|
b32a3a32-d5ce-4645-a7ba-1d1be5f941c3
|
single
|
Preload leads to -
|
The amount of pressure on the muscles before the contraction starts is the preload. In regards to heart, preload is the amount of pressure on the ventricles at the end of diastole. At the end of diastole, isovolumetric contraction begins.
| 2
|
Isovolumetric relaxation
|
Isovolumetric contraction
|
Peripheral resistance
|
Parasympathetic nervous system activation
|
Physiology
| null |
96eb737b-3048-4e80-a94f-9dc5ac7ee3dc
|
single
|
All of the following are true for Ramsay Hunt syndrome, EXCEPT:
|
Herpes Zoster Oticus or Ramsay Hunt syndrome is characterised by facial paralysis, vesicular rash in the external auditory canal and pinna. Involvement of geniculate ganglion of sensory branch of facial nerve result in anaesthesia of face. Dizziness and hearing impairment can occur due to involvement of Vth and VIIIth cranial nerves. The prognosis for spontaneous recovery of normal facial function is poorer than in Bell's Palsy.
| 4
|
It has a viral etiology
|
It involves Vth cranial nerve
|
May involve VIIIth cranial nerve
|
Results of spontaneous recovery are excellent
|
ENT
| null |
6a5080c7-bcdc-4767-86a2-57e52aab009d
|
multi
|
Morula reaches uterus at?
|
Ans. (b) 4 day after fertilisationRef: Langman's embryology 10/hed/p 38, Longman's medical embryology 12th ed/ 37-40
| 2
|
3 day after fertilisation
|
4 day after fertilisation
|
5 day after fertilisation
|
6 days after fertilization
|
Anatomy
|
Fertilization and Development of Embryo
|
21eb2fed-e0af-46bf-95ed-71de73a8bb60
|
single
|
Depressed bridge of the nose may be due to any of the following except:
|
(d) Acromegaly(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 4/8/29)Acromegaly occurring due to growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma is characterised by enlargement of the nose.
| 4
|
Leprosy
|
Syphilis
|
Septal abscess
|
Acromegaly
|
ENT
|
Disease of External Nose & Nasal Septum
|
7429a928-624e-4986-a7e3-2af199689429
|
multi
|
Heme is conveed to bilirubin mainly in
|
Heme is conveed to bilirubin by the macrophages of reticuloendothelial system. (Mainly in the spleen, but also in the liver and bone marrow). The tissue macrophage system includes the following phagocytic cells: * In bone marrow - lining of blood sinuses (littoral cells) * In liver - intervals along vascular capillaries (Kupffer cells) * In spleen - in the pulp * In lymph nodes - line the lymphatic paths The destruction of RBCs occur mostly in the capillaries of spleen as they have very thin lumen. Because of this, spleen is called the graveyard of RBCs.
| 3
|
Kidney
|
Liver
|
Spleen
|
Bone marrow
|
Physiology
|
Cardiovascular system
|
ce5998b4-15fa-4e4c-b319-9b531044e2f9
|
single
|
The treatment of Hodgkin's disease of stomach is ?
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e. None of the above Lymphoma is the second most common gastric malignancy after carcinoma stromach. It is of two types - Primary & Secondary Primary gastric lymphoma is mainly (>95%) Non-Hodgkins type. Most of the primary lymphomas (about 60%) arise in MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue). MALT is usually associated with chronic H. pylori infection. So low-grade MALT lymphomas are thought to arise because of chronic H. pylori infection. These low grade lymphomas may later on degenerate to high grade lymphomas. Secondary Stomach is the most common extranodal site of systemic lymphoma. Almost all of them are Non-Hodgkins types Hodgkin's disease involving the stomach is extremely uncommon. Note that treatment of primary high grade lymphoma is controversial. There are slightly different opinions in Schwaz, Harrison & CMDT.
| 4
|
Gastric resection
|
Gastric resection and chemotherapy
|
Purely medical
|
None of the above
|
Surgery
| null |
90d7a6fa-9001-4d62-84d2-a07cc0b53a84
|
multi
|
A patient presenting with abdominal pain, blood in stools and a palpable mass on examination. A Barium Study was performed, probable diagnosis is?
|
The above shown image of barium study shows"Coiled spring appearance", which is characterstic of Intussusception. INTUSSUSCEPTION It is a condition in which one segment of intestine telescopes inside of another, causing an intestinal obstruction. It usually presents with nausea, vomiting,pain abdomen with blood in stools. Palpable abdominal mass may be found on physical examination. On Barium: Figure: Coiled spring appearance on Barium study in Intussusception.
| 2
|
Meckel's Diveiculum
|
Intussusception
|
Volvulus
|
Diveiculitis
|
Radiology
|
NEET Jan 2020
|
232b50ab-3c7c-4512-9002-9f3088836876
|
single
|
Chronological age 10yrs, mental age 4yrs. What that person called as?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Imbecile
| 2
|
Idiot
|
Imbecile
|
Normal
|
Genius
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
e88c5223-d39a-40d3-bb4e-a67b29596296
|
multi
|
All are true regarding diphtheria toxin except
|
Virulent strains of diphtheria bacilli produce a very powerful exotoxin. The pathogenic effects of the bacillus are due to the toxin. Almost all strains of gravis and intermedius are toxigenic. The toxin is extremely potent and the lethal dose for a 250 g guinea pig is 0.0001g. The toxin has a special affinity for ceain tissues such as the myocardium, adrenals and nerve endings. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and panicker's; 10th edition; Page no: 240
| 4
|
Toxins blocks elongation of protein
|
Beta lysogenic strain produces toxin
|
Iron is critical for toxin production
|
Toxic is necessary for local wound infection
|
Microbiology
|
Bacteriology
|
977344cd-adee-4236-abb4-8536f492d8dd
|
multi
|
Testicular teratoma in adults is?
|
Malignant REF: Robbin's 7th ed p. 1044 In children differentiated mature teratoma may be benign In post pubeal males all teratoma are regarded as malignant and capable of metastasis regardless the elements may be immature or mature.
| 2
|
Benign
|
Malignant
|
Locally aggressive
|
Borderline
|
Surgery
| null |
037d31c6-631c-4515-ac5d-9e3bb1f3100e
|
multi
|
A patient Came with Necrotising cellulitis after a hug bite on leg. The ideal initial management is
|
(D) Surgical exploration # Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressing bacterial infection of the soft tissue that destroys the subcutaneous fat and fascia. In most cases, the deep fascia and the muscle are spared from destruction by the infection, but myonecrosis can occur due to a compartment syndrome.> Many different bacteria can cause destruction of the soft tissue in a "flesh-eating" manner.> Proper diagnosis is critical in the treatment of necrotizing fasciitis, and in many cases, it is the major factor between life & death> One major clue that a soft-tissue infection is in fact necrotizing fasciitis is the failure of the infection to respond to antibiotic therapy within 24 to 48 hours.> Plain radiographs showing evidence of gas in the soft tissue is another key indicator, along with elevated muscle compartment pressure.> 5 A positive frozen-section biopsy specimen will also aid in proper diagnosis.> Once the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is made, immediate debridement of necrotic tissue is called for. It is very common for a patient to undergo more than one debridement to make sure all of the necrotic tissue has been removed.> At the same time, aggressive antibiotic therapy with clindamycin should be started.> Wound should be examined daily, and the decision of whether or not to perform further debridement should be made> Amputation of an entire limb is sometimes performed, but this is only done as a life-saving measure.> Surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue is an essential part of the treatment of a necrotizing soft-tissue infection
| 4
|
MRI of leg
|
CT of leg
|
C-reactive protein estimation
|
Surgical exploration
|
Surgery
|
Miscellaneous
|
c4e6e2c7-80f6-4820-b959-f989fa14ad87
|
single
|
At what age is physiological jaundice seen?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., One week of life Physiological jaundice* Most neonates develop visible jaundice due to elevation of unconjugated bilirubin concentration during their first week. This common condition is called physiological jaundice.* This pattern of hyperbilirubinemia has been classified into two functionally distinct periods -1. Phase one# Last for 5 days in term infant with peak bilirubin levels to 12 mg/dl.# Last for 7 days in preterm infant with peak bilirubin levels to 15 mg/dl.2. Phase two# There is decline to about 2 mg/dl, which lasts for 2 weeks after which adult values are attained.Criteria for physiological jaundicei) Clinical jaundice appears after 24 hours of age.ii) Total bilirubin rises by less than 5mg/dl per day (no sudden rise).iii) Peak bilirubin occurs at 3-5 days of age, with a total bilirubin of no more than 15 mg/dliv) Clinical jaundice is resolved by 1 weeks in term infants and 2 weeks in preterm infants.
| 2
|
At birth
|
One week of life
|
One month of age
|
One year of age
|
Pediatrics
|
New Born Infants
|
73eb0d75-e6cb-49eb-b00e-73f9a2c85cbb
|
single
|
Drug of choice for chloroquine resistant malaria in pregnancy is :
| null | 1
|
Quinine
|
Mefloquine
|
Artemisinin
|
Sulphadoxine + pyrimethamine
|
Pharmacology
| null |
04218f73-baed-4857-8fbc-c0f75f4d598f
|
single
|
With respect to surgical repair of cleft palate, the soft palate is first repaired, ideal tune for which is
|
Tunning of primary cleft lip and palate procedures (after Delaire) Cleft lip alone Cleft palate alone Clef lip and palate Unilateral(One side) : One operation at 5-6 months Bilateral (both sides) : One operation at 4-5 months Soft palate only : One operation at 6 months Soft and hard palatr : Two operations Soft palate at 6 months Hard palatr at 15-18 months Unilateral : Two operations Cleft lip and soft palate at 5-6 months Hard palate and gun pad with or without lip revision at 15-18 months Bilateral : Two operations Cleft lip and soft palate at 4-5 months Hard palate and gum pad with or without lip revision at 15-18 months Ref: Bailey and love 27th edition Pgno :692
| 3
|
12 months
|
9 months
|
6 months
|
3 months
|
Surgery
|
Head and neck
|
f74b53f1-ba8d-4d62-9373-96243e716da9
|
single
|
The immediate precursor in the formation of acetoacetate from acetyl CoA in the liver is
|
HMG CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA is the starting material for ketogenesis.
However, it is HMG-CoA from which acetoacetate arises.
| 2
|
Mevalonate
|
HMG CoA
|
Acetoacetyl CoA
|
3-Hydroxybutyryl
|
Biochemistry
| null |
aabde866-091d-4be1-9b84-bb86561e9537
|
single
|
A 20-year-old boy presented with fever along with hearing of voices, aggressive behavior, muttering to self since 2 days. Diagnosis is: AIIMS 10; KCET 13; COMEDK 13
|
Ans. Delirium
| 3
|
Acute schizophrenia
|
Acute psychosis
|
Delirium
|
Delusional disorder
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
91c3e5d3-4833-4101-ad24-551f1aeca79f
|
single
|
which of the following is antidepressent
|
SSRI * IMPOANCE Most widely prescribed antidepressant * MECHANISM Specifically acts on serotonin transpoers and increases serotonin in synapse. DRUGS FLUOXETINE FLUVOXAMINE DAPOXETINE CITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM SERALINE PAROXETINE USE FLUOXETINE=============CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION FLUVOXAMINE===========OCD DAPOXETINE==============PME ESCITALOPRAM===========HEA SAFE, PATHOLOGICAL EMOTIONS PAROXETINE=========SEDATING, PANIC DISORDER IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS PME PARAPHILIA Ref. kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 955
| 4
|
amitriptilline
|
trazadone
|
nefazodone
|
citalopram
|
Anatomy
|
Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry
|
e767ab2d-570e-4df0-ab5b-e2e9d3c7547d
|
single
|
In which of the following, Koebner phenomenon is NOT seen -
|
koebners phenomenon is seen in lichen planus,psoriasis, lichen nitidus,vitiligo IADVL textbook of dermatology, page 107
| 4
|
Lichen planus
|
psoriasis
|
lichen nitidus
|
Lichen simplex chronicus
|
Dental
|
Papulosquamous disorders
|
2883e80e-c6b5-45f7-bd10-ad751443f2f5
|
single
|
Enzyme deficiency in McArdle's syndrome?
|
Type name Enzyme Deficiency Clinical Features V Myophosphorylase deficiency, McArdle's syndrome Muscle phosphorylase Poor exercise tolerance Muscle glycogen abnormally high (2.5%-4%) Blood lactate very low after exercise Reference: Harper; 30th edition; Table: 18-2; Page no: 179
| 2
|
Acid maltase
|
Muscle phosphorylase
|
Liver debranching enzyme
|
Branching enzyme
|
Biochemistry
|
Metabolism of carbohydrate
|
40209a49-d5e6-448e-94d0-499794199fd5
|
single
|
Graves disease is an example of which type of Immunologic response?
|
Graves disease is a type II hypersensitivity reaction. This type of hypersensitivity reaction is initiated by IgG antibodies that react either with the cell surface or tissue antigen. Most patients possess antibodies to thyroglobulin. The immunological basis is suppoed by idethe notification of the long-acting thyroid stimulator which is an IgG antibody to thyroid membrane antigen. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 180,162 <\p>
| 2
|
Type I
|
Type II
|
Type III
|
Type IV
|
Microbiology
|
Immunology
|
90e71b30-fc23-426e-a844-d3cb0020d506
|
single
|
Weight gain in normal pregnancy is?
|
ANSWER: (C) 10-12 kgsREF: dutta 6th ed p. 51weight gain:Total weight gain during pregnancy is llkgs, I.e Ikgs in 1st trimester, 5kgs in 2nd, 5kgs in 3rd.Rapid weight gain, >0.5 kgs/week or 2 kgs/month is an early manifestation of preeclampsia Stationary or falling wTeight suggests IUGR or IUD
| 3
|
1 to 3 kg
|
5 to 7 kg
|
10 to 12 kg
|
12 to 15 kg
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Care of the Pregnant Woman
|
380dd793-6b97-4bbf-8f97-d5d6864aadd2
|
single
|
In reproductive and child health programme, districts are divided on the basis of-
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Crude Bih Rate & Female Literacy Rate
| 2
|
Crude bih rate & infant moality rate
|
Crude bih rate & female literacy rate
|
Crude death rate & crude bih rate
|
Couple protection rate & infant moality rate
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
97ad7a5b-1504-49e4-a8d5-95e3dfa7c025
|
single
|
Electrical pacemaker of stomach is situated in-
|
Shackelford “The gastric pacemaker, which is located in the body along the greater curvature, stimulates both the filling and mixing of food in the body and antrum.”
• Gastric pacemaker: Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs)
• Location: In body along the greater curvature
• ICCs are critical for the generation of sequential contractions
| 1
|
fundus
|
Body
|
Incisura Gastro oesphageal junction
|
All of the above
|
Surgery
| null |
240e472b-ed5e-4733-bf60-428b3e778d9d
|
multi
|
Early exfoliation of deciduous teeth is seen in
| null | 1
|
Papillon lefevre syndrome
|
Peter-Kelly syndrome
|
Pierre robin syndrome
|
None of the above
|
Dental
| null |
d0ae3934-5bde-4492-959b-14567e2d1769
|
multi
|
Metabolically active layer of cornea is –a) Endotheliumb) Stromac) Descemet membrane d) Epithelium
|
The most actively metabolizing layers of the cornea are epithelium and endothelium.
| 3
|
b
|
c
|
ad
|
ab
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
6e210408-c24b-455b-bee8-dc49717e89c7
|
multi
|
Remnant of notochord is-
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nucleus pulposuso After development of verteral bodies, the notochord degenerates and disappears but persists as the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc.o Notochord is a bud like structure formed by epiblast cells extending from cranial end of primitive streak to caudal end of prochordal plate, in between the ectoderm and endoderm. Significances of notochord includes followingIt defines the axis of embryo.It functions as the primary inductor, inducing the overlying ectoderm to develop into neural plate (the primordiwn of CNS).iii) It serves as the basis for development of axial skeleton. The notochord is an intricate structure around which vertebral column is formed and indicates future site of vertebral bodies. However, the notochord does not give rise to vertebral column, after development of vertebral bodies, the notochord degenerates and disappears, but parts of it persist as the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc.
| 2
|
Annulus fibrosus
|
Nucleus pulposus
|
Ligament flavum
|
Intertransverse ligament
|
Anatomy
|
Fertilization and Development of Embryo
|
8cf397e2-c55e-4e6a-aca7-daab5a11690c
|
single
|
A diabetic patient developed cellulitis due to S. aureus, which was found to be methicillin resistant after antibiotic sensitivity testing. All of the following antibiotics will be appropriate except
|
1. "The carbapenem lmipenem has excellent activity against methicillin - sensitive S. aureus but not M.R.S.A." Because MRSA is resistant to all Beta-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins and carbapenems. 2. Treatment of MRSA: DOC- Vancomycin Alternative drugs- Teicoplanin, Linezolid, Daptomycin (for endocarditis and complicated skin infections), Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, tigecycline and oritavancin. Mupirocin 2% ointment (for nasal carriers of MRSA). 3. Detection of MRSA Antimicrobial susceptibility test: Disk diffusion test can be done by using cefoxitin or oxacillin disks. Cefoxitin is the recommended disk to be used. If oxacillin disk is used, then ceain conditions are to be maintained such as--using media containing 2-4% NaCl, incubation at 30 degC for 24 hours. Oxacillin screen agar: Adding oxacillin 6 mg/ml and NaCl (2-4%) to the medium. PCR detecting mecA gene. Latex agglutination test detecting PBP-2a.
| 2
|
Vancomycin
|
lmipenem
|
Teicoplanin
|
Linezolid
|
Microbiology
|
Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Cocci, Gram Negative Cocci)
|
07810c42-45b8-4437-8f33-75fa7c1e9d3e
|
multi
|
Digastric muscles are the following except
|
Sternocleidomastoid is a muscle with two heads and one belly like the biceps brachiii Digastric muscles have two bellies Occipitofrontalis muscle has two bellies: Occipital belly and Frontal belly Omohyoid superior and inferior belly Ligament of Treitz is a digastric muscle with a skeletal muscle belly, which arises from the left crus of diaphragm and a smooth muscle belly which arises from the duodeno - jejunal junction. It has an intermediate tendon attaching to the connective tissue around the celiac trunk of aoa. Ref: Gray's39e/p185-210
| 2
|
Occipitofrontalis
|
Sternocleidomastoid
|
Omohyoid
|
Muscular fibers in the ligament of treitz
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
0e27346d-3d1f-4765-851c-6c809bd21ddf
|
multi
|
Origin of cancer cells in Krukenberg tumour is from: March 2013
|
Ans. B i.e. Gastric carcinoma Krukenberg tumor It is a malignancy in the ovary that metastasized from a primary site, classically the gastrointestinal tract, although it can arise in other tissues such as the breast. Gastric adenocarcinoma, especially at the pylorus, is the most common source. Krukenberg tumors are often (over 80%) found in both ovaries, consistent with its metastatic nature.
| 2
|
Ovarian carcinoma
|
Gastric carcinoma
|
Duodenal carcinoma
|
Pancreatic carcinoma
|
Pathology
| null |
6cf2a45b-f3bd-415a-b0e7-1cb5dfae1f2e
|
single
|
A man presented with right sided moderate size pneumothorax without tension, Physical finding present as
|
Ans A (Ipsilateral chest with bulge)Patients with small pneumothorax findings are:Decreased breath soundsDecreased vocal fremitusResonant percussion noteLarger pneumothrax:Tachypnea and distressBulge of affected hemithoraxImmobile during respirationVery large pneumothorax under tension:Severe respiratory distress DiaphoresisCyanosis HypotensionTraumatic pneumothorax:Subcutaneous emphysema
| 1
|
Ipsilateral chest with bulge
|
Bronchial breathing
|
Mediastinal crunch
|
Subcutaneous crepitus
|
Medicine
|
Respiratory
|
7b6eca79-3faf-4a7a-afa3-807a83296c25
|
single
|
The primary causative factor for myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome of the TMJ is
| null | 3
|
Infratemporal space infection
|
Auriculotemporal neuritis
|
Muscular overextension and over contraction
|
Otitis media
|
Pathology
| null |
ec707789-7da0-498d-ac22-c48ea4189567
|
single
|
Consider the following conditions - 1. Central diabetes insipidus, 2. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, 3. Mannitol infusion, 4. Post - obstructive diuresis. Which of the above result in solute diuresis?
| null | 3
|
1 and 2 only
|
1, 2 and 3
|
2, 3 and 4
|
1, 3 and 4
|
Medicine
| null |
9dc69f44-568b-473c-9a9f-603bfcacc599
|
multi
|
Presence of delta sign on contrast enhanced CT SCAN suggests presence of -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lateral Sinus thrombophlebitisLATERAL SINUS THRQMBOPHLEBIT1S tSIGMQID SINUS THROMBOSIS)o Lateral or sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis arises from inflammation in the adjacent mastoid. It may occur as a complication of: -Acute coalescent mastoiditisCSOM and cholesteatomaClinical featureso Hectic Picket-Fence type of fever with rigor.o Headache, Progressive anemia and emaciation.o Griesinger's sign : - odema over the posterior part of mastoid due to thrombosis of mastoid emissary veins,o Papiiloedemao Tobey-Ayer testCompression of vein on the thrombosed side produces no effect while compression of vein on healthy side produces rapid rise in CSF pressure which will be equal to bilateral compression of jugular veins,o Crowe-Beck test:- Pressure on jugular vein of healthy side produces engorgement of retinal veins. Pressure on affected side does not produce such change,o Tenderness along jugular veinImaging studieso Contrast-enhanced CT scan can show sinus thrombosis by typical delta-sign. It is a triangular area with rim enhancement, and central low- density area is seen in posterior cranial fossa on axial cuts,o Delta-sign may also be seen on contrast enhanced MRI.
| 1
|
Lateral Sinus thrombophlebitis
|
Cholesteatoma
|
Cerebellar abscess
|
Mastoiditis
|
ENT
|
CSOM and its Complications
|
e1be877f-a449-47fe-8ef0-5c898ac2b247
|
single
|
C-reactive protein is -
|
An abnormal protein that precipitates with the somatic O antigen of streptococcus pneumoniae appears in the acute phase sera of pneumonia but disappear during convalescence. It is known as C-reactive protein. it is not an antibody produced as a result of pneumococcal infection. It is an acute phase substance and it'itsoduction is stimulated by a bacterial infection, inflammation an, malignancy Reference:Ananthanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 223 <\p>
| 4
|
An antibody produced as a result of peumococcal infection
|
Derived from pneumoconiosis
|
Detective by precipitation recation
|
Increased in peumococcal in fection
|
Microbiology
|
Immunology
|
5cb2b24b-f83b-4452-9bae-2e3433b30437
|
single
|
Deglutition peristalsis of oesophagus:
|
Ans. A. Primarya. Esophageal peristalsis can be initiated by deglutition ("primary" peristalsis) or local distention ("secondary" peristalsis).b. Deglutition is one of the most complex reflex neural activities.c. The initial phase is voluntary when food is chewed, mixed with saliva and formed into a bolus before being pushed to the posterior pharynx by the tongue. Receptors in the posterior pharynx are then activated to initiate the involuntary phase of deglutition, which involves carefully sequenced contraction of numerous head and neck muscles.d. Secondary peristalsis refers to peristalsis activated by esophageal distention.e. This can occur physiologically by food left behind after the primary peristaltic wave has passed, or by refluxed contents from the stomach.f. Unlike primary peristalsis, secondary peristalsis is not accompanied by deglutition with associated pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter motor function.
| 1
|
Primary
|
Secondary
|
Tertiary
|
Quaternary
|
Physiology
|
G.I.T.
|
718910cd-24c0-4928-8a14-281c23c657a7
|
single
|
The following statements regarding finasteride are true EXCEPT:
|
Finasteride is a competitive inhibitor of enzyme 5 alpha-reductase which conves testosterone into DHT. DHT is a more powerful androgen than testosterone It is used for the treatment of BPH and androgenic alopecia Adverse effect-cause impotence.(Ref.Essentials of medical pharmacology TD Tripathi 7th edition page no.302)
| 3
|
It is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
Impotence is well documented alter its use
|
It blocks the conversion of dihydrolestosteron to testosterone
|
It is a 5 a reductase inhibitor
|
Pharmacology
|
Endocrinology
|
2b009ca7-18db-49df-95f5-4e61889c5d8a
|
multi
|
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