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In rectus sheath which branch of aorta make anastomosis with superior epigastric artery - | The superior epigastric artery is a branch of the internal thoracic artery and the inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the external iliac artery. Superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose in the rectus sheath. | 2 | Subclavian artery | External iliac artery | Internal iliac artery | External carotid A | Anatomy | null | 383edc36-e57a-4960-8aea-ecb6a9277c36 | single |
What is the most common immunosuppressant regimen used in renal transplant for maintainence? | Answer- A. Cacineurin inhibitors + Purine antagonists + GlucocoicoidsMaintenance immunosuppression for renal transplantation t)?ically consists of 3 types of drugs in combination: a glucocoicosteroid, purine antagonist (azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil), and calcineurin inhibitor (cyclosporine or tacrolimus). | 1 | Cacineurin inhibitors + Purine antagonists + Glucocoicoids | Cyclophosphamide + Purine antagonists + Glucocoicoids | Glucocoicoids + Cyclophosphamide | Cacineurin inhibitors + Purine antagonists + Basliximab | Surgery | null | f3c9fe5a-99b0-4269-994f-30a09d8d67f1 | single |
Which of the following Local anaesthetic will be suitable for a hypertensive patient suffering from a heart disease? | null | 4 | Lignocaine without adrenaline | Prilocaine | Lignocaine with adrenaline 1:1000 | Prilocaine and felypressin | Surgery | null | cff632f2-d9ca-410f-b37e-bc9185253b88 | single |
Following are signs of internal malignancy except – | Acanthosis nigricans, clubbing and dermatomyositis are paraneoplastic cutaneous signs of internal malignancy. | 1 | Tuberous sclerosis | Acanthosis nigricans | Clubbing | Dermatomyositis | Dental | null | d3f7bc67-4ac2-4f68-8130-8f4baceeddbb | multi |
The following are the complications of haemodialysis except -a) Hypotensionb) Peritonitisc) Hypertensiond) Bleeding tendency | null | 1 | bc | c | ac | ad | Surgery | null | 1ef4aab7-afa8-4a66-9608-3eab5581dbe5 | multi |
Botulinum toxin type B is used in which disease - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cervical dystonia o Botulinum toxin type A is used for strabismus, cervical dystonia, blepherospasm, and glabellar lines. o Botulinum toxin type B is used for cervical dystonia. o Abobotulinum toxin A : An acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent for the treatment of cervical... | 3 | Glabellar lines | Strabismus | Cervical dystonia | Blepharospasm | Pharmacology | null | 963547be-0d46-4077-b388-567582cfa1e2 | single |
Which vessel is most likely to get affected in ulcer perforation involving 1st pa of duodenum? | Gastroduodenal aery is most likely to get affected in ulcer perforation of first pa of duodenum as it is closely associated with the posterior wall of the duodenum. Ref: Clinical Anatomy by Regions edited by Richard S. Snell - 2007, Page 298 | 2 | IVC | Gastroduodenal aery | Superior mesenteric aery | Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aery | Surgery | null | ff64ed95-5252-4c10-b1a4-7b7e79adbe9f | single |
Neurological involvement is pronounced in which type of leprosy? | (B) Lucio leprosy # Lepromatous type is more infective than the other types. The prognosis is poor.> Lucio Type (a type of Lepromatous) in which nerves involvement is more common> Cell mediated immunity is deficient and the lepromin test is negative in lepromatous leprosy.> On the other hand, there is an exaggerated an... | 2 | Borderline | Lucio leprosy | Tuberculoid | Lepromatous | Microbiology | Misc. | a1e18662-aa35-4c5a-96b7-a7807f14c954 | single |
Blackening and tattooing of skin and clothing can be best demonstrated by: | B i.e. Infrared photography | 2 | Luminol spray | Infrared photography | Ultraviolet light | Magnifying lens | Forensic Medicine | null | f7a77cff-3454-4622-9437-091dbc04dccd | single |
Arrange the following stages of family cycle in chronological sequence - | Family life cycle Families are not constant; they are ever changing. A normal family-cycle is generally conceived as having six phases Such a model, however, tends to apply only to areas of low moality and requires amendment in high moality situations to reflect the early death of children and even the death of the mot... | 4 | Formation, Extension, Complete extension, Dissolution, Contraction, Complete contraction | Formation, Extension, Contraction, Complete extension, Coomplete contraction, Dissolution | Formation, Contraction, Complete contraction, Extension, Complete extension, Dissolution | Formation, Extension, Complete extension, Contraction, Complete contraction, Dissolution | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases | 1d4a6652-2537-49e8-b6ad-e0d814e82656 | single |
Following features are suggestive of: | (A) At low power, the abnormal plasma cells of multiple myeloma fill the marrow.
(B) At medium power, the plasma cells of multiple myeloma here are very similar to normal plasma cells, but they may also be poorly differentiated. Usually, the plasma cells are differentiated enough to retain the function of immunoglobuli... | 3 | Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Burkitt’s lymphoma | Multiple myeloma | Leukemia | Pathology | null | 0b6b2c59-1686-4b28-9289-7df1904a6344 | single |
Which of the following is given at intervals as a pulsatile therapy? | Only pulsatile exposure to GnRH induces FSH/LH secretion while continuous exposure desensatizes pituitary gonadotropes resulting in loss of Gn release GNRH agonists are usually given in pulsatile manner while antagonists are given in continous manner (REF.Essential of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 6 Edition, Page N... | 1 | GnRH agonist | Insulin | FSH | Estrogen | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | f6b86582-b8b5-4314-a35f-f2eaea2c060a | single |
Fecal-oral transmission occurs in: March 2013 | Ans. C i.e. Poliomyelitis Polio IM injections and tonsillectomy should be avoided during polio epidemic because: Risk of paralytic polio increases Cause of death in polio: Respiratory paralysis Pulse polio was introduced in India in: 1995 Pulse polio is given to children below: 5 years A country is said to be polio FRE... | 3 | HBV | HCV | Poliomyelitis | Rabies | Medicine | null | cc57160c-2cb8-4932-b585-c74cb2e55e66 | single |
Which of the following anti diabetic drugs can cause vitamin B12 deficiency | Refer Goodman Gilman 12/e p 1259 Lactic acidosis and Megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency are the major adverse effects of these drugs Lactic acidosis is more likely to occur in the presence of hepatic and renal impairment or alcohol ingestion | 3 | Glipizide | Acarbose | Metformin | Pioglitazone | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | 875832b8-eff9-4c2a-9109-dec78504ce12 | single |
Route of administration of LMWH for prophylaxis of thrombosis in a patient who had undergone surgery few hours back is: | Ans. (A) i.e. Subcutaneous(Ref: Goodman Gilman 13thed; pg. 589)LMWH and fondaparinux can be used by subcutaneous route once a day for both treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis.Unfractionated heparin can be used by subcutaneous route twice a day for prophylaxis and by intravenous route four times a day for treatment ... | 1 | Subcutaneous | Intravenous | Inhalational | Intramuscular | Pharmacology | Hematology | 41832512-cfad-4649-86f3-c325945f834f | single |
TNF-alpha inhibitor is | (A) Infliximab [Harrison18-2491; G&G12-1018; Il,h-I419;# ANTI-TNF-ALPHA INHIBITORS:> Adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab are antibodies that bind TNF alfa a proinflammatory cytokine.> Blocking TNF alfa from binding to TNF receptors on inflammatory cell surfaces results in suppression of downstream inflammatory cytok... | 1 | Infliximab | Efalizumab | Mannose-6-phosphate | Decorin | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) | ea3e388d-8398-4477-aabb-132e131bb48b | single |
The following Thiazide diuretic is active if the GFR is 30-40 mm Hg | Although most thiazide diuretics lose their effectiveness in renal failure, metolazone remains active even when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is below 30-40 mL/min (moderate renal failure). This gives it a considerable advantage over other thiazide diuretics, since renal and hea failure often coexist and contrib... | 1 | Metolazone | Benzthiazide | Chlorothiazide | Chlohalidone | Pathology | All India exam | fc4a09f6-d154-4879-93de-769d037b1f10 | single |
Which of the following is the most common presentation of hemophilia A? | The most common presentation is with pain in a weight-bearing joint such as the hip, knee, or ankle. Hematuria is also common. Bleeding can occur at almost any site without prior trauma. | 3 | hematuria | melena | hemarthrosis | pressure neuropathy | Medicine | Kidney | 9d3fdc02-35a8-4e9a-898b-7f368c9bf067 | single |
Management of essential hypertension is? | ANSWER: (C) Diet modification and drugsREF: Harrison 17th ed chapter 241"The mainstay of treatment of essential hypertension is lifestyle, diet modification and drugs" | 3 | No need to treat | Diet modification alone | Diet modification and drugs | Invasive surgery | Medicine | Hypertension | 0354c988-e79f-4f07-b8aa-fa04873d51ce | single |
A 37 year old female was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Her husband wanted to know about the poor prognostic factors. Which of the following is a poor prognostic factor? | Good Prognostic factors
Bad prognostic factors
Acute onset
Insidious onset
Late age group
Early age group
Female
Male
Type I
Type II
Precipitating factors present
Precipitating factors absent
Family history of Mania
Family history of Schizophrenia. | 3 | Married | Female gender | Absence of precipitating factors | Family h/o mood disorders | Psychiatry | null | c198ded6-5695-4904-99d9-71c89baefdff | single |
Inferior mesenteric vein drains into | Inferior mesenteric vein usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the poal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). | 1 | Splenic vein | Renal vein | Inferior vena cava | Superior mesenteric vein | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis | 302661f7-23d1-4e55-a035-fd22d7517a46 | single |
A 27-year-old man is seen with a history of chronic sinus and pulmonary infections. He works as a salesperson in a retail outlet and denies any specific occupational exposure. He lives with his wife of 4 years and has no children. Family and travel history is noncontributory. On examination, he is in no acute distress.... | This x-ray shows a bilateral lower zone hazy density with small cystic-appearing shadows. There is dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis, i.e., a right aoic arch, the stomach bubble on the right side, and the left diaphragm higher than the right. The chest x-ray shows dextrocardia and bilateral bronchiectasis as see... | 2 | IgA deficiency | Kaagener syndrome | Aspiration pneumonia | Cystic fibrosis | Radiology | Respiratory system | f31cbb07-6078-4f7b-b40c-2582bb215a40 | multi |
In which of the following delusion of infidelity is seen? | Ans. B. Othello syndromePathological jealousy, also known as Morbid jealousy, Othello syndrome or delusional jealousy, is a psychological disorder in which a person is preoccupied with the thought that their spouse or sexual partner is being unfaithful without having any real proof, along with socially unacceptable or ... | 2 | De Clerambault' S syndrome | Othello syndrome | Couvade syndrome | Ekbom's syndrome | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous | 19c100c3-1648-4e54-8fcf-a0bce53d56de | single |
T-4d in TNM staging of breast cancer is | OT4a: Extension to the chest wall, not including pectoralis muscleOT4b: Edema (including peau d'orange) or ulceration of the skin, or satellite skin nodules confined to the same breastOT4c: Both T4a and T4bT4d: Inflammatory carcinoma | 3 | Involvement of skin | Involvement of chest wall | Inflammatory carcinoma | Peau'de orange appearance | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast | a88bb1eb-9dd7-45b6-afd6-c38277233fa8 | multi |
Long term effect of for CNS tumor in children are all except | D i.e. Neuropsychological effects are independent of radiation dose | 4 | Reduced IQ and learning | Endocrine dysfunction | Musculoskeletal problems | Neuropsychological effects are independent of radiation dose | Radiology | null | dba51945-4bbd-4dff-9ddc-d97bfe61613f | multi |
A 56-year-old woman presents to the hospital because of symptoms of dyspnea, blurry vision, and headaches. The symptoms started that morning and are getting worse. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension and osteoarthritis. She stopped taking her anti-hypertensive medications 3 months ago because of si... | Nitroprusside is very effective in lowering blood pressure and is easy to titrate and adjust to response. Labetalol is also useful since is can be administered in an oral preparation, but has more contraindications. It is particularly useful in the setting of angina or myocardial infarction. Regardless of which drug is... | 4 | IV hydralazine | IV labetalol | oral methyldopa | IV nitroprusside | Medicine | C.V.S. | a6041966-7695-426e-bd28-340545d93f0a | single |
The cell wall deficient bacteria | null | 2 | Rickettsiae | Mycoplasma | Chlamydiae | Ehrlichiae | Microbiology | null | 7ebce91c-e1ab-4da3-b535-423e039c0f54 | multi |
A 24 year old lady with a past history of psoriasis presents with fever and multiple pus filled lesions in a generalized distribution. What is the drug of choice? | The patient described in this question is suffering from generalized pustular psoriasis, also known as impetigo herpetiformis, if it occurs in pregnancy. Treatment of choice in generalized pustular psoriasis is Methotrexate except in pregnancy where it is systemic steroids. Ref: Obstetric Dermatology: A Practical Guide... | 3 | Coicosteroids | Retinoids | Methotrexate | Psoralen with PUVA | Skin | null | 37802559-d367-4fa6-ab20-74faa6f2997c | single |
Which of the following is / are characteristics of the Sjogren's syndrome? | Sjögren syndrome is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder that principally involves the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eyes). The effects on the eye often are called keratoconjunctivitis sicca (sicca means “dry”), and the clinical presentation of both xerostom... | 4 | Dry eyes | Dry mouth | Rheumatoid arthritis | All of the above | Pathology | null | a0a433ad-ae4d-4e7b-b584-1b95d7c2a191 | multi |
Donepezil has the following mechanism of action | Donepezil: cerebro selective and reversible anti-AchE produces improvement in several cognitive as well as non cognitive (activities of daily living) scores in Alzheimer's Dementia. The benefit is ascribed to elevation of Ach level in the coex, especially in the surviving neurons that project from basal forebrain to ce... | 2 | Dopaminergic blockade | Cholinesterase inhibition | Serotonin blockade | Histaminergic action | Pharmacology | Parasympathetic System & Glaucoma | d7c29e86-157c-4675-8707-ec2e76c551aa | single |
The lab repos of a patient given below pH = 7.2 HCO3 = 10 mEq/L PCO2 = 30 mmHg This exemplifies which of the following disorder | Parameters normal values Blood Ph 7.35-7.45 HCO3 22-26 meq/L(avg=24meq) PCO2 35-45mmhg CHLORIDE 96-106 meq/l PO2 60-100 mmhg In given scenerio ph=7.2 indicating acidosis . Bicarbonate is significantly reduced that is 10 mmhg indicating metabolic acidosis. Decreased HCO3- Increased excretion of NH4Cl occurs with renal c... | 3 | Respiratory acidosis | Respiratory alkalosis | Metabolic acidosis | Metabolic alkalosis | Physiology | NEET Jan 2020 | 71a01ce7-415c-4d33-b8b8-2b08b1f78538 | single |
A 30 years old male from a rural background presents to the ophthalmology clinic with history of difficulty in vision for 10 days. He gives history of vegetative material falling into the left eye about 15 days back. On examination an ulcerative lesion in the cornea with feathery margins and creamy exudates is seen. Fe... | B i.e. Fusarium sp. | 2 | Corynebacterium diphtheria | Fusarium sp. | Acanthomoeba sp. | Streptococcus pneumonia | Ophthalmology | null | ea5e774f-11e8-48f1-8a07-57126dd91056 | multi |
Muscle relaxant of choice in liver disease is ? | null | 1 | Atracurium | Pipecuronium | Rocuronium | Vecuronium | Pharmacology | null | 31f9107b-4b51-4102-87d6-fe7c979a990c | single |
Bacteria reproduce mainly by | null | 2 | budding | binary fission | sporing | bacterial components produced by host cells | Microbiology | null | 2b60141b-3d18-4a39-aae3-48312f1fde0a | single |
Despite their sho half-lives (2 hrs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) cause a prolonged Suppression of acid secretion (up to 48 h) because: | The only significant pharmacological action of proton pump inhibitor is dose dependent suppression of gastric acid secretion; without anticholinergic or Hz blocking action. It is a powerful inhibitor of gastric acid: can totally abolish HCl secretion, both resting as well as that stimulated by food or any of the secret... | 3 | They are prodrugs and undergo activation gradually | They exit from the plasma and enter acid secretory canaliculi and stay there, blocking the secretion of acid for a long time | They irreversibly inhibit the proton pump molecule and hence, acid secretion requires synthesis of new proton pumps | They irreversibly inhibit the proton pump molecule and hence, acid secretion requires synthesis of new proton pumps | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract | 28cb36ae-5103-4069-a26d-9ed00f849d23 | multi |
F 30 in ICD 10 denotes | ICD CHAPTERS ICD is a text book for classification of psychiatric disorders. The below table comprises chapter numbers dealing with various psychiatric disorders. Ref. International classification of mental disorders, 10 th edition | 1 | mood disorders | anxiety disorders | substance use disorders | psychotic disorders | Anatomy | General anatomy | 48cc816d-81c7-4697-bfd5-e8c4afef56ff | single |
Which type of intubation is preferred in case of bilateral mandibular fractures? | Ans. (a) Orotracheal intubationRef. Robert kellman, Cranio Maxial Trauma * Regardless of associated injuries the primary means of securing airway in bilateral mandibular fracture is orotracheal intubation.* If there is any difficulty in orotracheal intubation - fibre optic Naso tracheal intubation is used. | 1 | Orotracheal intubation | Naso tracheal intubation | Cricothyrotomy | Submental intubation | Surgery | Trauma | 93733195-c785-4453-a685-7b2eccd85121 | single |
Pseudoisomorphic phenomenon is seen in - | pseudo koebner's phenomenon:-Occurrence of new anisomorphic lesions in a linear fashion due to autoinoculation of virus along the lines of taruma. Seen in was, molluscum contagiosum koebner's phenomenon:Occurrence of new isomorphic lesions over the site of trauma.Seen in psoriasis,Lichen planus ,Vitiligo. IADVL textboo... | 4 | Psoriasis | Lichen planus | Vitiligo | Plane Was | Dental | Papulosquamous disorders | 7538749b-fcd6-4223-bfe5-0d5ac9116943 | single |
Adson&;s test is positive in - | Adson&;s test is a provocative test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome accompanied by compression of the Subclan aery by a cervical rib or tightened anterior and middle scalene muscles. Ref : Bailey and love surgery text book 27th Ed. | 1 | Cervical rib | Cervical spondylosis | Cervical fracture | Cervical dislocation | Surgery | All India exam | ef0a5833-ae4d-4002-8364-b3259fad703c | single |
Kamla, a 48-years-old lady underwent a hysterectomy. On the seventh day, she developed fever, burning micturition and continuous urinary dribbling. She can also pass urine voluntarily. The diagnosis is: | Continuous dribbling of urine following hysterectomy points towards urinary fistulas as the diagnosis.
In case of urinary fistulas, if the patient never needs to void as there is continuous dribbling it signifies that the fistula communicates with the bladder. If, there is filling and emptying of bladder along with the... | 4 | Vesico vaginal fistula | Urge incontinence | Stress incontinence | Uretero-vaginal fistula | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 6d955b8f-73f9-4289-960e-fb310139e9be | single |
Unilateral ovarian tumor has spread to peritoneum but not to uterus. What is the FIGO staging of ovarian neoplasm in this case? | In this case the tumor has spread to peritoneum not uterus which is usually seen in stage IC of ovarian neoplasm. In stage IC: tumor is either stage IA or IB, but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, or with ruptured capsule, or with ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. ... | 2 | Stage IB | Stage IC | Stage IIA | Stage IIB | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 13c0ca66-30bb-4249-a55d-6b1456c2f290 | single |
In which case homologus aificial insemination is used in females : | Cervical factor | 3 | Hormonal disturbances | Tubal block | Cervical factor | All of the above | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 765db9b6-7fd7-438e-aaad-c9bc1014c08f | multi |
Relapse is seen in which malaria?1. P. vivax2. P. falciparum3. P. malariae4. P. ovale | ANS. D P. falciparumP. vivaxP. ovaleP malariaeTissue schizogony5-6 days8 days9 days13 daysErythrocytic phase48 hours48 hours (benign tertain)49-50 hours (ovale tertian)72 hours (quartan)Red cells affectedAllReticulocytesReticulocytesMature RBCsHypnozoitesNoYesYesNo, but blood forms can persist up to 30 yearsIncubation ... | 4 | 1 and 2 | 2 and 3 | 3 and 4 | 1 and 4 | Microbiology | Parasitology | 7652a5d3-2e67-47f1-b02d-ef1240d73dd7 | single |
Rate of newly formed Osteoid mineralization can be best estimated by? | Ans. C. Tetracycline labelingTetracycline labeling of bonea. Tetracycline labeling is used to determine the amount of bone growth within a certain period of time (approx. 21-day period).b. Osteoid is new bone that has been laid down by the osteoblasts and is non-mineralized.c. Usually tetracycline is given for several ... | 3 | Immunofluorescence | Von Kossa stain for calcium | Tetracycline labeling | Alizarin red stain | Orthopaedics | Bone | 01e845c6-51e9-418a-8023-9d156c95f5bd | single |
Hertwig's root sheath is formed from | null | 4 | Stratum inter medium | Stellate reticulum | Outer enamel epithelium | Cervical loop/ Enamel Organ | Dental | null | c0775d08-a3ba-467f-927b-e95687bb34ce | single |
Brodie&;s abscess is the terminology for | It is a long standing localized pyogenic abscess in the bone(long standing because of strong defence mechanism of the body.) It usually involves long bones. Brodie&;s abscess - A circumscribed, round/oval cavity containing pus and pieces of dead bone (sequestra) surrounded sclerosis - Most commonly seen in tibial / fem... | 2 | Subungual infection | chronic osteomyelitis | web space infection | infected hematoma | Anatomy | Skeletal infections | be63713b-634e-4f36-8534-f2c5e3c171bf | single |
Numerator in maternal mortality ratio - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Female death during pregnancy & puerperium * Maternal mortality ratio is defined as total number of maternal deaths i.e. deaths due to complications of child birth, pregnancy or within 42 days of delivery from 'puerperal causes' in the area during a given year Per 1000 or (100,000) live births in the ... | 3 | Female deaths in a given year | Female death during pregnancy | Female death during pregnancy 8c puerperium | Female death in puerperium | Social & Preventive Medicine | Obstetrics, Paediatrics and Geriatrics | 2c72b274-5bde-42a3-b42b-8500f46ade50 | single |
Dinoprost is - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., PG F2 alpha o Dinoprost - PG F2 alpha, intraamniotically for midterm aboion. o Dinoprostone - PG E2, intravaginally for midterm aboion. | 3 | PG El | PGE2 | PGF2 alpha | PGI2 | Pharmacology | null | 355ae6b2-d7d2-40cf-a23b-b9cb847553c4 | single |
Which of the following nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle? | The anterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve which give rise to the mylohyoid nerve innervates the mylohyoid muscle. Ref: Mastery of surgery, Volume 1 edited by Josef E. Fischer, K. I. Bland, Mark P. Callery | 2 | Facial nerve | Trigeminal nerve | Vagus nerve | Abducens nerve | Anatomy | null | cba320ee-4957-4069-a583-ad70d42775f7 | single |
A cardiologist found a highly significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.90) between systolic P and serum cholesterol values of the patients attending his clinic. Which of the following statements is a wrong inte retation of the correlation coefficient observed- | Correlation coefficients:
– Pearson’s Correlation coefficient:
– Spearman’s Rank Correlation coefficient
Coefficient of determination:
– Is the percentage of variation in a variable that is explained by one or more of the others
– Is generally obtained in a regression setup
– Coefficient of determination = (Correlat... | 1 | Since there is a high correlation, the magnitude of both the measurements are likely to be close to each other | A patient with a high level of systolic BP is also likely to have a high level of serum cholesterol. | A patient with a low level of systolic BP is also likely to have a low level of serum cholesterol | About 80% of the variation in systolic BP among his patients can be explained by their serum cholesterol values | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | b15fb940-5fdf-41f3-8eb9-d743aa5aa421 | multi |
Pre maxillary part of maxilla develops from: | The primary palate (also called premaxilla) develops from the frontonasal process. The secondary palate develops from the palatine process of the maxillary processes. | 3 | Fusion of lateral nasal process | Fusion of median nasal process | Frontonasal process | Maxillary and mandibular process | Anatomy | null | 981fb32a-a18e-4e1f-bdbf-27dcb823bbff | single |
Adrenocoical suppression causing drugs are all except ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Spironolactone Drugs causing adrenocoical suppression are: Steroids (prednisone, hydrocoisone, and dexamethasone) Aminoglutethimide Fludrocoisone Ketoconazole Megestrol Metyrapone Mitotane | 4 | Prednisone | Ketoconazole | Mitotane | Spironolactone | Pharmacology | null | 11e3bc45-8d1d-41b3-b4c9-b4edfb12ac7b | multi |
Which of the following are the first incisors to erupt in an infant __________ | Eruption times vary from child to child. As seen from the cha, the first teeth begin to break through the gums at about 6 months of age. Usually, the first two teeth to erupt are the two bottom central incisors (the two bottom front teeth). Next, the top four front teeth emerge. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8t... | 1 | Lower central | Lower lateral | Upper central | Upper lateral | Pediatrics | Growth and development | 26de8a10-bb8c-486a-81c0-df0b87704883 | single |
Treatment of choice for Kawasaki disease - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ig immunoglobulin Intravenous immunoglobulin is the treatment of choice for Kawasaki disease Q.The mechanism of action of IVIg, in Kawasaki disease is unknown but treatment results in rapid deference and resolution of clinical signs of illness in most patients.Treatment of Kawasaki diseaseAcute stageI... | 1 | Ig immunoglobulin | Steroid | Azathioprine | Not recalled | Medicine | Vasculitis | f46a0aec-4b09-4413-b995-0557fd1972d8 | multi |
Which of the following is not true about newborn assessment - | Ans is 'a' i.e., APGAR at 7 min indicates neonatal moality depression Later times APGAR score (after 5 minutes) indicates about long term neurological damage (not neonatal moality) Interpretation ofAPGAR Score The test is generally done at one and five minutes after bih, and may be repeated later if the score is and re... | 1 | APGAR at 7 min indicates neonatal moality depression | APGAR at 1 min, indicators for neonatal resuscitation | Fetus can rapidly washout CO2 through placenta | Anaerobic metabolism causes acidemia | Pediatrics | null | c446dfd9-6889-479c-81fb-e9167df8f66b | multi |
A 23year old male had unprotected sexual intercourse with a commercial sex worker. Two weeks later, he developed a painless, indurated ulcer on the glans that exuded clear serum on pressure. Inguinal lymph nodes in both groins were enlarged and not tender. The most appropriate diagnostic test is - | null | 2 | Gram's stain of ulcer discharge | Dark field microscopy of ulcer discharge | Giemsa stain of lymph node aspirate | ELISA for HIV infection | Microbiology | null | 3b5191cd-0c4d-461a-9c22-d4ad5d2930ed | multi |
Medulla oblongata is supplied by the following aeries, except | Blood to the medulla is supplied by a number of aeries:Anterior spinal aery: This supplies the whole medial pa of the medulla oblongata.Posterior Spinal aeryPosterior inferior cerebellar aery: This is a major branch of the veebral aery, and supplies the posterolateral pa of the medulla, where the main sensory tracts ru... | 2 | Anterior spinal aery | Bulbar aery | Basilar aery | Posterior inferior cerebellar aery | Anatomy | Brain | 6772badc-12dd-452c-94ae-f061cf77232c | multi |
A 2 year old boy presents with pain in his groin that has been increasing in nature over the past few weeks. He is found to have a degenerative malformation of the transversalis fascia during development. Which of the following structures on the anterior abdominal wall is likely defective | Deep inguinal rinng lies in the transversalis fascia, just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. Superficial inguinal ring is the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle Inguinal ligament and the anterior wall of the inguinal canal are formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. The sac of a dire... | 2 | Superficial inguinal ring | Deep inguinal ring | Sac of a direct inguinal hernia | Inguinal ligament | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis | b2ede68c-00da-4a08-bdd0-41879c5c044c | multi |
Most common organism causing laryngotracheobronchitis is | Para-influenza virus I and II is the most common organism causing laryngotracheobronchitis. Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 328 | 2 | RSV | Para-influenza virus | Influenza virus | H. Influenza | ENT | Larynx | 6448577a-661f-4085-acfe-ccef03c820fc | single |
Which of the following is specifically used for grading of SAH? | *The initial clinical manifestation of SAH can be graded using the Hunt-hess scale or world federation of neurosurgical societies classification schemes . Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2567 | 3 | Glasgow coma scale | Glasgow scale | Hunt and Hess scale | none | Medicine | C.N.S | 50ee5e39-988d-4c49-9285-eca3ddeaddb7 | multi |
Best contraceptive for newly married couples | HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES Hormonal contraceptives when properly used are the most effective spacing methods of contraception. Oral contraceptives of the combined type are almost 100 per cent effective in preventing pregnancy. They provide the best means of ensuring spacing between one childbih and another. More than 65 m... | 3 | Barrier method | IUCD | Oral contraceptive pill | Natural methods | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning | cff18034-99ea-46f9-a0ba-af625df6e9cf | single |
Which one of the following drugs does not have active metabolite? | Lisinopril is a lysine derivative of enalaprilat which is an active metabolite of enalapril. It is an oral prodrug that is conveed by hydrolysis to a conveing enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat. Enalaprilat itself is available only for intravenous use, primarily for hypeensive emergencies. All other ACE inhibitors are prodr... | 4 | Diazepam | Propanolol | Allopurinol | Lisinopril | Pharmacology | General pharmacology | 51416ad3-c3e7-41bd-ac80-d8c732d0d143 | multi |
A test has a high false positive rate in a community. True is | The propoion of false-positive results among those who test positive is 1 minus the positive predictive value. False positive (discovery) rate = 1- positive predictive valueAs the disease prevalence increases, the positive predictive value increases. (PPV)As prevalence increase, PPV increase, False positive rate decrea... | 2 | High prevalence | Low prevalence | High sensitivity | High specificity | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening | d562185d-1558-4605-91e5-238eedf95e87 | multi |
Features of parkinsons disease- | Rigidity is seen in Parkinson's disease. Two types : 1) Cogwheel type, mostly upper limbs(due to tremor superimposed on rigidity) 2) Lead pipe rigidity Rigidity causes stiffness and flexed posture. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1567 | 2 | Decreased Blinking | Rigidity | On-off phenomenon | Objective (downside arrow) muscle power | Medicine | C.N.S | 3771b372-4631-4dae-978d-d27aa7d54fcb | single |
What are the major functions of "P" cells present in coical collecting ducts? | Sodium & water reabsorption from the lumen.Potassium secretion into the lumen.ADH controlled water reabsorption.FUNCTIONS OF 'P' CELLS:1. Sodium & water reabsorption:Reabsorbed from lumen.Occurs through Na2+ channels (ENaC channels). Approximately 3% Na reabsorption occurs.2. Potassium secretion:Secreted into lumen.K+ ... | 4 | Sodium & water reabsorption from the lumen. | Potassium secretion into the lumen. | ADH controlled water reabsorption. | All of the above | Physiology | null | 90b2ef0e-e1b6-4c10-8725-abe8df486d11 | multi |
Which one of the following is the major determinant of plasma osmolality ? | Sodium homeostasis Most of the body's sodium is located in the ECF, where it is by far the most abundant cation. Accordingly, total body sodium is the principal determinant of ECF volume. Sodium intake varies widely between individuals, ranging between 50 and 250 mmol/24 hrs. The kidneys can compensate for these wide v... | 1 | Serum sodium | Serum potassium | Blood glucose | Blood urea nitrogen | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes | 85b91522-6665-483c-870d-269b920b66ee | single |
Superior suprarenal artery is a branch of:(Repeat, Please refer Q 8, 2006) | Ans: c (Inferior phrenic) Ref: Chaurasia, 3rd edi., Vol-2, Pg. 266Venous drainageRight suprarenal veinIVC Left suprarenal vein Left renal veinArterial supplyArteryBranch of Superior suprarenal arteryInferior phrenic artery Middle suprarenal arteryAbdominal aorta Inferior suprarenal arteryRenal arteryNote: Accessory sup... | 3 | Abdominal aorta | Coeliac trunk | Inferior phrenic artery | Renal artery | Anatomy | Blood Vessels of Abdomen and Pelvis | 19c4bc92-c3e4-4826-a335-2e6da3a89ac7 | single |
Which of the following is used to treat Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ? | Eculizumab is monoclonal antibody against C5 complement used in the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. | 1 | Eculizumab | Avelumab | Natalizumab | Sarilumab | Pharmacology | null | 6c3f2507-b433-40df-a608-3841ff4815f8 | single |
Which of the following is not an appropriate investigation for anterior urethral stricture? | A i.e. MRI Radiological Investigation for urethral stricture Retrograde urethrographyQ -It should not be done within 3-4 weeks of significant urethral trauma (can cause extravasation of the dye into the spongy tissue, lymphatics & veins of pelvis). -Mainstay of investigation. | 1 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Retrograde urethrogram | Micturating cystourethrogram | High frequency ultrasound | Radiology | null | eb12b769-0bec-4078-a7b0-741758793c05 | single |
Which enzyme is not released as a proenzyme | Proenzyme of
- Elastase- Proelastase
- Trypsin- Trypsinogen
- Chymotrypsin- Chymotrypsinogen | 3 | Elastase | Trypsin | Amylase | Chymotrypsin | Physiology | null | 7b26c7c5-9a1d-43e9-933a-c7b69ed41710 | single |
Dialectical behavior therapy is used in the management of | Dialectical behavior therapy, Transference based therapy, Mentalization therapy are used in the management of Borderline personality disorder. | 2 | Narcissistic PD | Borderline PD | Anti Social PD | Anankastic PD | Psychiatry | null | 5dc3bc9d-a42a-4571-8d43-5c9a82a99e16 | single |
True about ulcerative colitis, all except - | Noncaseating granuloma is seen in Crohn disease. | 4 | Rectum involved | Pseudopolyps | Pancolitis | Noncaseating granuloma | Pathology | null | 93c65b88-c176-4562-b33d-7c7fdaad34a5 | multi |
Most virulent dengue fever strain is ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2 "Dengue type-2 strain is being considered to be more virulent strain". | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Microbiology | null | 79ee433d-0e06-41d9-9929-a749977e8d28 | single |
Constituents of a typical embalming solution are all except: | D i.e. Ethanol Formaline & methanol or methyl alcohol (as preservatives), glycerine (wetting agent), phenol (germicide)(2 are essential components of embalming (aerial & cavity) fluids. | 4 | Phenol | Glycerine | Formalin | Ethanol | Forensic Medicine | null | fae435bd-9495-46ee-9e60-df705e7c802f | multi |
Following are extrapyramidal tracts except | null | 2 | Reticulospinal | Corticospinal | Rubrospinal | Vestibulospinal | Physiology | null | e1f1da80-9ca9-41e8-87fa-61cfadc9a650 | multi |
NALGONDA technique' is used in - | The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur developed a techniwue for removing flouride by chemical treatment. it is called Nalgonda techniqueREF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-596 | 1 | Enedmic-fluorosis | Epidemic-dropsy | Endemic-ascites | Neurolathyrism | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health | 6615dd13-425e-499f-99df-79bbc34d0de4 | single |
The uptake of glucose by the liver increases following a carbohydrate meal because | null | 1 | There is increase in phosphorylation of glucose by glucokinase | GLUT-2 is stimulated by insulin | Glucokinase has a low Km for glucose. | Hexokinase in liver has a high affinity for glucose | Biochemistry | null | 498f84f8-c413-465d-94a5-8ef1a01907ab | single |
New Zealand type of school dental nurse can perform all of the following clinical duties except: | null | 3 | Prophylaxis | Pulp capping | Root canal treatment | Topical fluoride application | Dental | null | b608c4f8-34c9-487b-b735-5ac6bb60fd5c | multi |
Recurrent corneal erosions are seen in: March 2011, March 2012 | Ans. A: Corneal dystrophyEpithelial and subepithelial corneal dystrophies may present with bouts of recurrent corneal erosions Bowman layer corneal dystrophy usually presents with recurrent corneal erosionsRecurrent corneal erosionIt is characterized by the failure of the cornea's outermost layer of epithelial cells to... | 1 | Corneal dystrophy | Keratoglobus | Keratoconus | Peutz-anomalies | Ophthalmology | null | 6fe6e457-5e40-49c3-ac2a-af736f8e98fd | single |
IMNCI differs from IMCI in all of the following, EXCEPT: | Integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) is a strategy developed by WHO and UNICEF to manage childhood illnesses in a integrated way. The diseases included are diarrhea, malaria, ARI, malnutrition and measles. IMCI was launched in four selected districts each in in Uttranchal, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasth... | 4 | Malaria and anemia are included | 0-7 days neonates are included | Emphasis on management of sick neonates over sick older children | Treatment is aimed at more than one disease at a time | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 5adbf30c-1d76-44b8-a31b-11f1b4e3623f | multi |
DTPA scan of hypertensive young lady is normal, USG shows small kidney on left side. Next investigation will be - | Hypertension in a young female is most probably due to renal artery stenosis (cause fibromuscular dysplasia)
DTPA scan which shows the GFR comes to be normal because of increased renin activity.
Digital subtraction angiography or Doppler U/S will show the stenosis.
Now MRA (Magnetic resonance angiography) has replaced ... | 3 | CT Scan abdomen | Retrograde pyelogram | Digital subtraction angiography | DMSA | Surgery | null | 81733660-c8d0-4645-9e1f-5646bb95bb1e | multi |
Medial wall of orbit formed by: | A i.e., Body of sphenoid | 1 | Body of sphenoid | Lesser wing of sphenoid | Greater wing of sphenoid | All | Anatomy | null | bf5e6c27-2b7d-431e-ae80-7d4045da9fb4 | multi |
Common mode of transmission in pyogenic TB salpingitis:- | Genital TB Almost always a secondary infection Common primary sites : Lungs > Lymph > abdomen Route of spread - Hematogenous Most common site of genital TB is fallopian tubes (Bilateral involvements) > Uterus In fallopian tubes - Most commonly affected pa is ampulla Most common symptom is infeility Sites of genital TB ... | 1 | Hematogenous | Lymphatic | Direct invasion | Sexually transmitted | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!) | f766ac7e-48a3-463f-8daa-6a7ea5399fa8 | multi |
Which of the following is associated with aging | . Increased free radical injury | 2 | Reduced cross linkages in collagen | Increased free radical injury | Somatic mutations in DNA | Increased superoxide dismutase levels | Pathology | null | 84117bf1-2b66-4639-8c39-7a62163eb819 | single |
The commonest cause of primary amenorrhea with ambiguous genitalia in a female with 46XX chromosome | Ans. is 'a' i.e. 21-hydroxylase deficiency Primary amenorrhoea with virilization (ambiguous genitalia) in females is seen in21 hydroxylase def.11 hydroxylase def17-hydroxylase def. does not cause virilization. It causes in females- Primary amenorrhoea and failure of development of secondary sexual characteristics."21-h... | 1 | 21 hydroxylase def. | 17 hydroxylase def. | 11 hydroxylase def. | Desmolase hydrolase def. | Physiology | Sex Hormones | 4c20fcac-d635-4093-94ee-a4d8693ffea1 | single |
Operation theatres are sterilized by? | FORMALDEHYDE GAS is used for sterilizing instruments and heat sensitive catheters and for fumigating wards, sick rooms, and laboratories REF:Ananthanarayan and Panicker's Textbook ofMicrobiology 8thEdition pg no:36 | 3 | Carbolic acid spraying | Washing with soap and water | Formaldehyde | ETO gas | Microbiology | general microbiology | 443d59b2-486b-46ad-95f5-cec8bb04488f | single |
All of the following statement are true regarding CNS infection except: | Ans. (b) CMV virus causes B/L temporal lobe infarction CNS manifestation of CMV: CMV rarely cause CNS infection. Two forms of CMV encephalitis are seen: Resemble HIV encephalitis and present as progressive dementia. Ventriculoencephalitis-- Characterized by cranial nerve deficit, nystagmus and ventriculomegally. In imm... | 2 | Measles virus is causative agent of subacute sclerosing panecephalitis | Cytomegalovirus causes bilateral temporal lobe hemorrhagic infarction | Prion infection cause spongiform encephalopathy | JC virus is causative agent of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy | Microbiology | null | ea6f2181-6e24-4688-a29e-254e1e433e8f | multi |
Most specific marker of pheochromocytoma: | Pheochromocytoma - tumor for Adrenal gland which secretes high amount of epinephrine & Nor-epinephrine catabolic products of catecholamine - VMA VMA can be measured in 24 hours urine sample | 1 | VMA | Catecholamine | 5 - HIAA | Serotonim | Biochemistry | Classification and metabolism of amino acids | c12b2c15-e374-4f24-b4b3-e91dde3a14ce | single |
You have diagnosed a patient clinically as having SLE and ordered 6 tests. Out of which 4 tests have come positive and 2 are negative. To determine the probability of SLE at this point, you need to know- | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Prior probability of SLE; sensitivity and specificity of each test o Probability allows for an accurate method of calculating how much the likelihood of changes as new information (i.e., a test result) becomes available. o Probability of disease after a given test (post-term probability) can be calcula... | 1 | Prior probability of SLE; sensitivity and specificity of each test | Incidence of SLE and predictive value of each test | Incidence and prevalence of SLE | Relative risk of SLE in this patient | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | d3a331ba-28c7-43cd-9ef2-55ac04cac83a | multi |
The triad of DM, gall stones and steatorrhoea is associated with which one of the following tumours? | null | 2 | Gastrinomas | Somatostatinomas | VIPomas | Glucagonomas | Medicine | null | bd43ac5f-76f0-42ec-a502-9265abe738f0 | multi |
Down&;s syndrome predisposes to ............ cancer | Down syndrome:- Trisomy 21 Patients with down syndrome have mental and physical retardation, flat facial profile, an upward slant of eyes and epicanthic folds. Oblique palpebral fissure seen. Nose is small with flat nasal bridge. Mouth shows narrow sho palate with small teeth and furrowed protruding tongue. There is si... | 1 | AML | CML | ALL | CLL | Pediatrics | Genetic and genetic disorders | 6c1984b3-d8c4-4dc9-bce4-a2ab1e7b12b6 | multi |
Serum amyloid associated protein is form in | The AA (amyloid associated) type of amyloid fibriprotein is derived from a unique non- Ieg protein madeby the liver.
A fibrils are derived by proteolysis from a larger (12,000 daltons) percursorian the serum called SAA (serum amyloid - associated) protein that is synthesized in the liver and circustesbound to high den... | 2 | Alzheimer's disease | Chronic inflammatory states | Chronic renal failure | Malignant hypertension | Pathology | null | 4a64e991-59f4-4734-a680-d5717eee518b | single |
Antibody in drug induced Lupus | Anti-Histone antibodies - Drug induced Lupus.
Anti-Ribosomal antibodies - CNS Lupus. | 4 | Anti-smith | Anti-phospholipid | Anti-Ribosomal | Anti-Histone | Medicine | null | 51cc7193-0592-489a-b843-d5c227a56bfc | single |
Pancytopenia with cellular marrow is seen in all except? | G6PD deficiency does not present with pancyopenia. Cause of Pancytopenia with Cellular Bone Marrow Primary bone marrow diseases Myelodysplasia Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Myelofibrosis Some aleukemicleukemia Myelophthisis Bone marrow lymphoma Hairy cell leukemia Secondary to systemic diseases Systemic lupus ery... | 4 | Megaloblastic anemia | Myelodysplasia | Paroxysmal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria | G6PD Deficiency | Medicine | Sickle Cell Disease, G6PD deficiency and other Hemolytic Anemia | 0a208d95-5bd3-4b6c-b3f0-c0dffb8a39b8 | multi |
In Roll Back Malaria program, which of the following is not a component? | null | 3 | Training for health care worker | Using Insecticide-treated bednets | Developing newer insecticides | Strengthening health system | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 5841a9a1-99c0-42b7-b8f7-71580d2d3c22 | single |
Patient presents with fasting sugar as 167mg/dl, skin pigmentation and hypogonadism. His liver enzymes showed SGOT as 678 and SGPT as 692. Most probable diagnosis is? | Hemochromstosis clinical features Initial symptoms are often nonspecific and include lethargy, ahralgia, skin pigmentation, loss of libido, and features of diabetes mellitus. Hepatomegaly, increased pigmentation, spider angiomas, splenomegaly, ahropathy, ascites, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive hea failure, Excessive s... | 3 | Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency | Wilson's disease | Hemochromatosis | Glycogen storage disease | Medicine | Endocrinology | 1ea41bf0-2eb6-4a2d-94f8-0302b3257078 | single |
This tympanogram is seen in: | Flat line is seen on tympanometry in patient with a perforation in tympanic membrane. It is not indicated in cases with a diagnosis of perforation of tympanic membrane. However it can be of help in cases with a suspicion of very small perforation in TM (not clearly visible on otoscopy). Flat line confirms a perforation... | 3 | OME | Otosclerosis | CSOM | Osssicular chain discontinuity | Unknown | null | d5f6c7a6-b208-4653-9913-bee93596fd65 | single |
Treatment of choice for sternocleido-mastoid tumour is: | The presence of a lateral neck mass in infancy in association with rotation of the head toward the opposite side of the mass results from fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The mass may be palpated in the affected muscle in approximately two thirds of cases. In the overwhelming majority of cases, physical ther... | 1 | Physiotherapy | Surgical resection | Intralesional steroids | None of the above | Surgery | null | bc88d659-cfdc-406f-842e-bfffcff1b4b5 | multi |
In MI following are used except | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1605 The principal goal of fibrinolysis is prompt restoration of full coronary aerial patency. The fibrinolytic agents tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), streptokinase, tenecteplase (TNK), and reteplase (rPA) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for intravenous use in pa... | 2 | Fibrinolytics | Plasminogen activator inhibitor | Antithrombin | Platelet inhibitor | Medicine | C.V.S | 85e1b3aa-a5bc-49fa-a7cd-cb8e15997053 | multi |
Emergency retentive force for the maxillary complete denture is: | Base of the tongue provides emergency retentive force. | 2 | Posterior palatal seal. | Base of the tongue. | Soft palate. | Deep palate. | Dental | null | 51623114-63b0-4b12-b1c3-5750e9477096 | single |
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