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Sweat glands receives cholinergic innervation from
(B) Post ganglionic sympathetic > On the basis of chemical mediator released, ANS can be divided into- Cholinergic Noradrenergic All preganglionic neurons Remaining post ganglionic sympathetic neurons Anatomically sympathetic post Ganglionic neurons which innervate sweat glands Anatomically sympathetic neurons which en...
2
Pre-gangl ionic para-sympathetic
Post ganglionic sympathetic
Preganglionic sympathetic
Post ganglionic parasympathetic
Physiology
Nervous System
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Commonest cause of pyometra is :
Carcinoma cervix
2
Carcinoma endometrium
Carcinoma cervix
Carcinoma vagina
Uterine myoma
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
918adf73-f101-4abd-8265-ae6abf56584a
single
Periodontitis is caused by
null
3
Malnutrition
Supra gingival plaque
Bio-film
Faulty tooth brushing
Dental
null
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All of the following are conditions associated with negative nitrogen balance, EXCEPT:
Healthy adults will be at a state of nitrogen equilibrium, i.e. nitrogen intake = Nitrogen excreted. A high protein intake does not lead to positive nitrogen balance since high-protein intake also leads to protein degradation. Large intake of proteins is not advised since protein synthesis and protein degradation are e...
2
Burns
Convalescence
Infection
Malnutrition
Biochemistry
Classification and metabolism of amino acids
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Highest concentration in extracellular compartment is of which ion-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Na+ ComponentExtracellular fluid (ECF) (meq/1)Intracellular fluid (ICF) (meq/l)Na+K+C1-HCO3-Mg+2Ca+2PO4-21425.5103281[?]22[?]5414150410580 0001 75Protein (organic anion)5 (2g%)40 (16g %)
1
Na+
K+
Cl-
Ca2+
Physiology
Body Fluids
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Which of the following is non poisoning snake ?
Viper, Kraft and sea snake are poisons snakes. Rat snake is non-poisonous snake.
4
Viper
Krait
Sea snake
Rat snake
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
All the following drugs are hallucinogens except
Pentostatin is an anticancer drug Hallucinogens-LSD,Phencyclidine,ketamine,mescaline etc Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg. 326
4
Mescaline
Phencyclidine
Ketamine
Pentostatin
Psychiatry
Substance abuse
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Pure opioid antagonist:
Ans. A. NaloxoneNaloxone, naltrexone and nalmefene are potent mu receptor antagonist with significant blocking action on kappa and delta. Naloxone is short acting and naltrexone is long acting. Naloxone is drug of choice for acute opioid poisoning. Naltrexone is used for maintenance therapy for opioid poisoning.
1
Naloxone
Buprenorphine
Pentazocine
Morphine
Pharmacology
C.N.S
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Which of the following is false about fibroadenoma?
Fibroadenomas are benign tumors usually seen in young females. These are encapsulated and move freely within breast so they are called mouse in the breast.
4
Benign
Painless
Occurs in young females
Not capsulated
Surgery
null
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Hormone-sensitive lipase is inhibited by
Anti-lipolytic EffectInsulin inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue due to inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase.The increased level of FFA in plasma in diabetes is due to the loss of this inhibitory effect on lipolysis.Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 6th edition, page no: 283
2
Thyroid homone
Insulin
GH
ACTH
Biochemistry
Metabolism of lipid
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All of the following are known complication of pancreatitis except?
Pancreatic malignancy is not a complication of acute pancreatitis. The other complications of acute pancreatitis are pancreatic pseudocyst, intraperitoneal haemorrhage, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumonia, ARDS, DIC, peptic ulcer disease, erosive gastritis, poal vein thrombosis, oliguria, azotaemia, acute tubular ...
3
Pancreatic abscess
Colonic necrosis
Pancreatic malignancy
Pancreatic fistula
Surgery
null
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Which of the following is NOT a live attenuated vaccine?
null
4
Tuberculosis (BCG)
Typhoid
Varicella Zoster virus
Cholera
Microbiology
null
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100 % bioavailability is seen with which route
• Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation following administration by any route. In case a drug is given orally, the bioavailability shall be less than 100%. This is due to ■ The incomplete extent of absorption ■ First pass metabolism Routes of Administration, Bioa...
2
Oral
Intravenous
Rectal
Subcutaneous
Pharmacology
null
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Plasma volume is measured by
Plasma volume is measured using dyes like Evans blue that bind specifically to plasma proteins. It will not diffuse into the interstitium. (REF: TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY GEETHA N 2 EDITION, PAGE NO - 62)
2
Inulin
Evans blue
Mannitol
D2O
Physiology
General physiology
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Scaling and root planning is performed
null
1
As initial treatment
Post surgically
In only gingival enlargements
after only antibiotics
Dental
null
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Orbital lesions of childhood include all of the following except
Meningiomas: These are invasive tumours arising from the arachnoidal villi. Meningiomas invading the orbit are of two types: primary and secondary. (a) Primary intraorbital meningiomas: These are also known as 'optic nerve sheath meningiomas'. These produce early visual loss associated with limitation of ocular movemen...
2
Cavernous haemangioma
Secondary orbital meningioma
Neurofibroma
Lymphangioma
Ophthalmology
Tumors
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Predictable and dose related drug induced hepatic injury is seen with all, EXCEPT:
There are two major types of chemical hepatotoxicity Direct toxicity-Predictable with sho latent period Idiosyncratic-Not predictable and it can happen at any time Examples of direct hepatotoxic effects Carbon tetrachloride Acetaminophen OCP INH causes idiosyncratic type reaction Hepatitis is infrequent and unpredictab...
3
Carbon tetrachloride
Acetaminophen
INH
Oral contraceptive agent
Pharmacology
null
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Alpha waves are typically seen in which of the following states:
Alpha waves are typically seen in a relaxed yet awake state. Alpha waves are one type of brain waves detected either by electroencephalography (EEG) that predominantly originate from the occipital lobe during wakeful relaxation with closed eyes. Alpha waves are reduced when eyes are opened (patient becomes ale : transi...
2
Deep sleep
Relaxed awake
Awake ale
Highly focused
Physiology
Nervous system
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What is the cause of death in dry drowning
In cases of dry drowning, water does not enter the lungs, but death results due to laryngeal spasm. Larugeal spasm occurs when there is sudden-in-rush of water into nasopharynx and larynx.
4
Cardiac arrhythmia
Pulmonary edema
Hyperkalemia
Laryngeal spasm
Forensic Medicine
null
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Treatment of tinea versicolor
itraconazole is used to treat pityriasis versicolor, a suggested regimen is 200 mg/d for 7 days, with a minimum cumulative dose of at least 1000 mg being required for effective therapy. Four weeks after the sta of therapy, cure rates of 80% to 90% have been repoed.
2
Fluticasone
Itraconazole
Oleamine oil
Turbinafin
Dental
Fungal infections, Scabies, Pediculosis
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Topical antifungal used in treatment of Taenia carports
(Tolnaftate) (766-KDT 6th)Topical antifungal agents -Tolnaftate, Undecylenic acid, Benzoic acid, Quiniodochlor, Ciclopirox, Olamine, Sodium thiosulfateTolnaftate - effective drug for T. cruris and T. carporis - most cases respond in 1-3 weeks, because of poor penetrability it is less effective in T. pedis and other hyp...
1
Tolnaftate
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Griseofulvin
Medicine
Infection
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Vein located in anterior interventricular sulcus -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Great cardiac vein Coronary (Atrioventricular) sulcusGreat cardiac vein, coronary sinus, Small cardiac vein, RCA, LCX.Anterior interventricular sulcusGreat cardiac vein, left anterior descending (interventricular) artery.Posterior interventricular sulcusMiddle cardiac vein, Posterior interventricular ...
1
Great cardiac vein
Coronary sinus
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Anatomy
Pericardium & Heart
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One of the drug is beta lactamase inhibitor:
null
2
Ampicillin
Sulbactum
Cloxacillin
Pencillin G
Pharmacology
null
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Anaesthesia used in microlaryngoscopy is –
Actually, no option is absolutely correct. However, option 'c' is the best one. Option a & b can be excluded as In microlaryngoscopy tube of smaller diameter (4-6 mm) are used. Option 'd' can be excluded as microlaryngoscopy is done either in local or general anaesthesia (not in sedation). Now we are left with option '...
3
Pollarad tube of 10 mm diameter with heavy sedation
Pollarad tube of 15 mm diameter with topical xylocaine
Pollarad tube with infiltration block
Heavy sedation on and endotracheal intubation
Anaesthesia
null
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Triad of renal colic, swelling in loin which disappears after passing urine is called:
Ans. (c) Dietel's crisisRef: Bailey 26th Edition, Page 1293Dietel's Crisis: (Intermittent Hydronephrosis)* Swelling in loin with pain* Swelling disappears with pain also disappears* Large volume of urine passed
3
Kocher's triad
Saint's triad
Dietel's crisis
Charcot's triad
Surgery
Kidney & Ureturs
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In case of spasticity, the drug not used is :
null
4
Diazepam
Baclofen
Tizanidine
Amitryptiline
Pharmacology
null
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Nitric oxide is produced from?
ANSWER: (A) EndotheliumREF: Guyton's physiology 22nd edition page 199Nitric oxide should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic and greenhouse gas, or with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown toxic gas and a major air pollutant.Nitric oxide, known as the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, or 'EDRF', is b...
1
Endothelium
RBC
Platelets
Lymphocytes
Physiology
Circulation: Local and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow
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All the following are sporicidal agents except
Alcohol acts on bacteria fungi and some enveloped viruses but not spores.
4
Autoclave
Formaldehyde
Ethylene oxide
Alcohol
Microbiology
null
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multi
All are the phases of child sexual abuse except :
Bargainingis the stage of dying , not included in phase of child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse =Sexual behavior between achild and an adult or between two children when one of them is significantly older or uses coercion. =Phases Engagement: Sexual interaction Secrecy Disclosure Suppression
4
Engagement
Sexual interaction
Secrecy
Bargaining
Psychiatry
Child Psychiatry
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Dialysis allows for the exchange of particles across a semipermeable membrane by which of the following actions?
Osmosis allows for the removal of fluid from the blood by allowing it to pass through the semipermeable membrane to an area of high concentrate (dialysate), and diffusion allows for passage of particles (electrolytes, urea, and creatinine) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Option ...
1
Osmosis and diffusion
Passage of fluid toward a solution with a lower solute concentration
Allowing the passage of blood cells and protein molecules through it.
Passage of solute particles toward a solution with a higher concentration.
Pathology
null
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multi
Not a x-ray feature of rheumatoid arthritis
null
4
Subchondral cysts
Subchondral osteopenia
Subchondral swelling
Osteophytes
Orthopaedics
null
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Long–term antipsychotic use may cause:
null
4
Depression
Mania
Schizophrenia
Tardive dyskinesia
Pharmacology
null
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Villous polyp of rectum manifest -
• Villous adenoma causes profuse watery diarrhea and hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia and metabolic acidosis. • Best treatment: Submucosal resection endoscopically or surgically (Provided cancerous change has been excluded).
2
Bleeding PR
Mucus diarrhoea with hypokalemia
Prolapse rectum
Obstruction
Surgery
null
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The best way to cultivate M.Leprae is
M.Leprae can be cultivable in both Nine banded armadillo and foot pad of mice. But Nine banded armadillo > foot pad of mice.
1
Nine banded armadillo
Foot pad of mice
Tissue culture
Guinea pig
Microbiology
null
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Dietary lipids are transported from intestine in -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Chylomicrons o Dietry (exogenous) triglycerides are transported from intestine to various tissues by chylomicrons. In these tissues, LPL (in blood vessels) hydrolyses TGs into fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids are taken up by tissues for their use. The chylomicron is converted to chylomicron remna...
1
Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL
Biochemistry
Cholesterol and Lipoproteins
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In a UK study, it was found that there were more deaths from Asthma than the sale of Anti-asthma drugs. This is an example of
null
3
Cohort study
Case reference study
Ecological study
Experimental study
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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Intracavitary electrocardiography is a diagnostic aid in-
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve Four chambered view in two dimension echocardiogram is diagnostic as it outlines the displaced tricuspid valve.
4
Tricuspid regurgitation
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Endomyocardial fibrosis
Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve
Pediatrics
null
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Requirement of Potassium in child is
Requirement of potassium in child is 1-2 mEq/kg . Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
1
1-2 mEq/kg
4-7 mEq/kg
10-12 mEq/kg
13-14 mEq/kg
Pediatrics
Fluid and electrolytes
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Proteins are separated on the basis of size by
The most widely used method for determining the purity of a protein is SDS - PAGE - Poly-acryl-amide gel-electrophoresis (PAGE) in the presence of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Electrophoresis separates charged bio-molecules based on the rates at which they migrate in an applied electrical field.S...
1
SDS - PAGE
HPLC
Affinity Chromatography
Ion-exchange Chromatography
Biochemistry
Structure and function of protein
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Myositis ossificans is an example of
Answer- C. MetaplasiaMetaplasia is a reversible change in which one differentiated cell type is replaced by another differentiated cell typel. Epithelial metaplasia2. Connective tissue metaplasiaThis transformation occurs between the mesodermally derived tissues i.e., one type of connective tissue is replaced by anothe...
3
Hyperophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Both hyperplasia & hyperophy
Pathology
null
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Hoffa fracture is _____:
Ans. D. Coronal fracture of the posterior part of the femoral condylesCoronal fractures of the posterior condyle (AO type B3) are called Hoffa fractures.Hoffa fragments are more commonly unicondylar and usually originate from the lateral femoral condyle. They can be occasionally bicondylar.Note: Hoffa's syndrome is the...
4
Stellate patella fracture
Metaphyseo-diaphyseal dissociation of the proximal tibia
Medial collateral ligament avulsion from the femur
Coronal fracture of the posterior part of the femoral condyles
Orthopaedics
Injuries Around the Thigh & Knee
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Ovary develop from :
Genital ridge Friends, I am giving you a very impoant tabls. Many questions can be solvod trom lhis very table. Male and female derivatives of embryonic urogenital structures. Embryonic structures Derivatives Male Female Labioscrotal swelling Scrotumo Labia majorao Urogenilal folds Ventral aspect ot penis Labia minora ...
2
Mullerian duct
Genital ridge
Genital tubercle
Mesonephric duct
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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Most common malignancy in maxillary antrum is -
More than 80% of the malignant tumors of paransal sinus and of nose are of squamous cell variety. Rest are Adenocarcinoma, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, Melanoma and various types of sarcomas. Maxillary sinus is the most frequently involved sinus. Other sites in decreasing order are nasal cavity, ethmoid sinuses, frontal a...
4
Muco-epidermoid Carcinoma
Adeno cystic Ca
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell Ca
ENT
null
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45 Year old homeless man has chronic cough and cavitatory lesion of lungs. His sputum is positive for acid fast bacilli which of the following is the peripheral form of defense by which his body fights this infection -
Infection with the tubercle bacilli induces cell mediated immunity which manifests as delayed hypersensitivity and resistance to infection (immunity ). The only specific immune mechanism effective against tubercle bacilli is cell mediated type. The helper T cell gets activated, releasing cytokines such as interferon ga...
2
Antibody mediated
Cell mediated hypersensitivity
Ig A mediated hypersensitivity
Ig E mediated hypersensitivity
Microbiology
Immunology
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The contents of the paralingual space do NOT include the?
The paralingual space is a space inside the floor of the mouth. It is bounded by the mylohyoid muscle, the lateral tongue, the hyoid bone, and the oral mucosa. The paralingual space contains the deep poion of the submandibular gland, the lingual nerve and submandibular ganglion, the sublingual gland and fold, and the h...
2
Hypoglossal nerve
Lingual aery
Lingual nerve
Submandibular gland
Anatomy
null
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Claw hand is caused by damage to?
Ans. a (Ulnar nerve). (Ref. Maheshwari, Orthopaedics, 2nd ed., 51)# Claw hand means hyperextension at metacarpophalangeal joints & flexion at the proximal & distal interphalangeal joints. This occurs due to paralysis of the lumbricals, which flex the metacarpo-phalangeal joint & extends the interphalangeal joints.# Par...
1
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Medial nerve
Axillary nerve
Orthopaedics
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
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All of the following structures passes through deep inguinal ring, EXCEPT:
Deep inguinal ring: The deep (internal) inguinal ring is the beginning of the inguinal canal and is at a point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis. It is just above the inguinal ligament and immediately lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. It is the beginning of the tubular e...
4
Spermatic cord
Internal spermatic fascia
Round ligament
Ilio inguinal nerve
Anatomy
null
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Which is not a mechanism of action of corrosive poison
Corrosives - mechanism of action - Corrosive poison erodes the surface in contact by extracting water from local tissue, coagulation of protein, conve hemoglobin to hematin.
1
Free radical oxidative injury
Extracting water from tissues
Coagulation of proteins
Conve haemoglobin to hematin
Forensic Medicine
Toxicology - 1
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The single most common cause of Neonatal meningitis is
(A) Group B streptococcus # Group-B streptococcus has assumed great clinical importance as the single most common cause of neonatal meningitis in the West.> Infection in the new born is classified as the early onset type occurring within a week of birth & the late onset type developing between the 2nd and 12th weeks of...
1
Group B streptococcus
Haemophilus
Meningococcus
Mycobacterium
Microbiology
Misc.
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Normal excretion of protein in urine per day is:
A i.e. 100 mgThe amount of protein in urine is normally less than 100ing/ dayQ. Most of this is not filtered and comes from shed tubular cells.
1
100 mg
150 mg
400 mg
600 mg
Physiology
null
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Agent used for dilatation of pupil in children is
A i.e. Atropine
1
Atropine
Homatropine
Tropicamide
Phenylephrine
Ophthalmology
null
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A man had infection with Extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) Klebsiela pneumonae is staed with cefotaxim plus amikacin therapy. On culture sensitivity after 48 hrs ESBL Klebsiela were found. Which of the following would be the best next course of action?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sta imipenem therapy in place of ceftriaxone Carbapenems like imipenem are the only beta lactams reliably efficacious against ESBL producing bacteria. Drugs used for ESBL producing bacteria are: A) beta-lactamase inhibitor combination o Clavulinic acid +Amoxcillin Clavulanic acid + Ticarcillin o Sulba...
3
Continue with same antibiotic but in higher dose
Change ceftriaxone to ceftazidime
Sta imipenem therapy in place of ceftriaxone
Change Amikacin to Quinolones
Pharmacology
null
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Which of these is the best way to transport a newborn with maintenance of warm temperature?
Ans. D. Kangaroo Mother CareThe Kangaroo mother care (KMC) was first developed in Columbia in the 1970s and has since been one of the best methods for maintenance of the warm temperature of a newborn. It is also recommended during neonatal transport to maintain the neonatal temperature.
4
Transport incubators
Hot bottles
Thermo Cool boxes
Kangaroo mother care
Pediatrics
New Born Infants
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Psammoma bodies are seen in:
Ans. A: Papillary carcinoma of thyroid A psammoma body is a round collection of calcium, seen microscopically. The term is derived from the Greek word psammos meaning "sand." Psammoma bodies are commonly seen in ceain tumors such as: Papillary thyroid carcinoma Papillary renal cell carcinoma Serous papillary ovarian ad...
1
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Follicular carcinoma of thyroid
Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid
Lymphoma of thyroid
Surgery
null
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Most common cause of acute retention of urine in child of 2 year age -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Meatal ulceratin with scabing o Dont get confuse by option 'a' ? Though posterior urethral valve is the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in children, it does not cause acute retention. It usually presents with chronic obstructive symptoms weak urinary stream, distended bladder, uremia or seps...
3
Posterior urethral valve
Duplication of renal pelvis
Meatal ulceration with scabbing
Urethral stones
Pediatrics
null
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The common causative agent in diarrhea in AIDS patients is -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cryptosporidium
2
Toxoplasma
Cryptosporidium
Salmonellae
Mycobacteria
Microbiology
null
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RPGN is characterized by:
Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th editionExplanation:RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE (CRESCENTIC. GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (RPGN)RPGN is form of severe glomerular injury which does not denote to a specific etiologyit is characterized clinically bv rapid and progressive loss of renal function associated with severe oliguria a...
1
Crescent formation
Splliting of basement membrance
Neutrophil infiltration of interstitium
Glomerulosclerosis
Pathology
Glomerular Diseases
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Example of Cou of Appeal: MAHE 11
Ans. High Cou
4
Sessions cou
Magistrate's cou
Coroner's cou
High Cou
Forensic Medicine
null
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Which of the following is labile cell -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Surface epithelium o When a cell proliferates, it pass through a cell cycle,o Cell cycle has a series of phases : -* Gtphase-Rest phase (Presynthetic phase)* Sphase-Synthetic phase in which synthesis of DNA takes place.* Gphase-Resting phase (Postsynthetic or postmitotic phase).* Mphase-Mitotic phase ...
4
Cardiac cell
Liver parenchymal cell
Vascular endothelial cells
Surface epithelium
Pathology
Cellular Pathology
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To find out whether the water has been properly chlorinated, the test used is -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Oh o-toludine test
2
Horrock's test
Oho-toludine test
Presumptive col i form test
Total bacterial count
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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Whoever malignantly does an act which is likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life is punishable under
- Sec.270 IPC - Whoever malignantly does an act which is likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life is punishable up to 2 years or with fine or both - Sec.269 IPC - Whoever negligently does an act which is likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life is punishable up to 6 months or with ...
2
Sec. 269 IPC
Sec. 270 IPC
Sec. 299 IPC
Sec. 370 IPC
Forensic Medicine
Indian Legal system, Legal sections & Cou procedures
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Prophylactic antifungal drug used in HIV patients:
A i.e. ItraconazoleRef: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th edition, page 1252Explanation:Prophylactic Antifungal for Opportunistic Infections in HIV PatientsFluconazole 400 mg daily:For Coccidiodes immitis when CD4 count <250.For Cryptococcus neoformans when CD4 count <100.Itraconazole 200 mg daily:For Hi...
1
Itraconazole
Posaconazole
Terconazole
Voriconazole
Medicine
Infection
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Pharmocodynamics deals with: September 2005
Ans. B: Mechanism of action of a drug Pharmacodynamics is the study of the physiological effects of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body and the mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect. Pharmacokinetics/PK, is a branch of pharmacology ded...
2
Mode of excretion of a drug
Mechanism of action of a drug
Transpo of drug across the biological membranes
Latency of onset
Pharmacology
null
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Treatment of erythroplakia
null
2
Excision
Excision and regular follow up
Radiotherapy
Steroid injection
ENT
null
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4 year old child with severe wasting and voracious apetite without pedal edema -
Ans. is 'b' i.e,, Marasmus o See explanation of previous question.
2
Kwashiorkar
Marasmus
Both
null
Pediatrics
Nutrition
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Gluconeogensis affect A/E :
D i.e. Growth hormone
4
Lactate
Glycerol
Alanine
Growth hormone
Biochemistry
null
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Duodenal blow out following Billroth gastrectomy most commonly occurs on which day:
Ans. (b)4th dayRef: Shackelford 7th Edition, Page 930, 944* Most common on 4th to 7th postoperative day.* No need to do surgery immediately. Only USG-guided drainage is enough. Most of them settle by maximum 1 month.
2
2nd day
4th day
6th day
12th day
Surgery
Stomach & Duodenum
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Parotid fatty change is a sign of:
null
2
Aging
Alcoholism.
Malnutrition.
None.
Pathology
null
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A 42-year-old woman gives birth to a neonate with multiple congenital abnormalities. Physical findings included a flat facial profile, slanted eyes, epicanthal folds, Brushfield spots, short nose, short neck, dysplastic ears, clinodactyly, a large protruding tongue, and a pronounced heart murmur. As an adult, the brain...
One of the most intriguing neurologic features of Down syndrome is its association with Alzheimer disease. The morphologic lesions characteristic of Alzheimer disease progress in all patients with Down syndrome and are universally demonstrable by age 35 years. These changes in the brain include (1) granulovacuolar dege...
1
Alzheimer disease
Huntington disease
Krabbe disease
Multiple sclerosis
Pathology
Genetics
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A patient was treated for mantle cell Hodgkin lymphoma with radiation therapy. After 6 months he develops an electric shock-like pain along the spine on flexing his neck. What is the diagnosis?
Disease Features Cervical Ahritis Presents with stiffness in neck muscles and reduced neck movements Lhermite Sign -Seen in cervical spinal cord pathology -When neck flexion produces an unpleasant electric shock sensation radiating down the extremities Uthoff Sign -Multiple sclerosis -Worsening of symptoms like fatigue...
2
Cervical ahritis
Cervical spinal cord pathology
Multiple sclerosis
Spinal cord compression
Medicine
CNS
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A 43 year old man with continuous vomiting is suspected of having acute cholecystitis. On palpation guarding of the abdomen was present. Which of the following investigation exclude acute cholecystitis in this patient?
Ultrasonography is the most useful radiologic test for diagnosing acute cholecystitis. It has a sensitivity and specificity of 95%. In addition to being a sensitive test for documenting the presence or absence of stones, it will show the thickening of the gallbladder wall and the pericholecystic fluid. Focal tenderness...
4
Ultrasound
ERCP
OCG
Radionuclide imaging
Radiology
null
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Plumbism is caused by: (PGI June 2009)
Ans: A (Lead poisoning) Plumbism/Saturnism/Chronic Lead Poisoning: Short Review# Lead poisioning is nearly always of the chronic type.# Although chronic poisoning correctly describes prolonged exposure, manifestations often are acute.The main signs & symptoms are :Facial pallor Q -is one of the earliestQ & most consist...
1
Lead poisoning
Mercury poisoning
Thallium poisoning
Copper poisoning
Forensic Medicine
Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques
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What is true about Mollaret meningitis?
Harrison's principles of internal medicine 17th edition. *Most of cases of recurrent viral or aseptic meningitis including cases previously diagnosed as mollaret's meningitis are likely due to HSV-2.
1
Is caused by herpes simplex 2 in most of the cases
A recurrent, benign, septic meningitis
It is now referred to as "Benign rcurrent neutrophilic . . Meningitis"
All of the above
Medicine
C.N.S
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Intrapleural Pressure during forceful expiration is
Intrapleural Pressure: (ITP) / Intrathoracic Pressure It is the pressure within pleural space (space between visceral and parietal pleura) At beginning of inspiration = -2.5 mm Hg / - 5 cm H2O At end of inspiration = - 6.0 mm Hg / - 10 cm H2O At end of expiration = - 2.5 mm Hg / - 5 cm H2O Forceful inspiration = - 20 ...
4
- 20 mm Hg
+ 5 mm Hg
- 5 mm Hg
+ 20 mm Hg
Physiology
null
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Auspitz sign is seen in :
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Plaque-type psoriasis Auspitz sign is a feature of plaque psoriasisPlaque psoriasis or psoriasis vulgaris in the most common form of psoriasis.Auspitz signIt is a bedside test to confirm the clinical presentation of psoriasis.There are 3 steps to this testStep A -Gently scrape the lesion with a glass s...
2
Pustular psoriasis
Plaque type psoriasis
Lichen planus
Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Unknown
null
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Which of the following drugs can produce dramatic improvement in patients with Type II lepra reaction?
Ans. a (Thalidomide). (Ref. Harrison, Internal Medicine, 15th ed., 1038)Treatment of Type I Lepra reactionTreatment of Type II Lepra reaction# Best with corticosteroids.# Thalidomide ineffective in Typel reaction and clofazimine questionable.# In mild reaction give antipyretics# Then glucocorticoids# Thalidomide causes...
1
Thalidomide
Steroids
Dapsone
Clofazamine
Pharmacology
Anti Microbial
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Maximum level of beta HCG is seen on which day of gestation?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 9 weeks o Maximum levels of beta HCG occur on 66th day of pregnancy, i.e. 9 weeks 3 days.Human Chorionic Gonadotropino Produced almost exclusively in placenta, low levels in fetal kidneyo Molecular weight - 36000 - 40000 Da.o Highest carbohydrate content of any hormone - 30 percent.o It has a long hal...
2
6 weeks
9 weeks
28 weeks
36 weeks
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Endocrinology in Relation to Reproduction
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Which among the following class of antibiotics are relatively safer to use in patients on Warfarin therapy-
Newer Cephalosporins (Cefamandole, Moxalactum, and Cefoperazone) cause hypoprothrombinemia. Thus, when anticoagulants are given with cephalosporins they have an additive anticoagulant action. * Imidazoles like ketoconazole and fluconazole affect hepatic drug metabolism and lead to raised plasma level of warfarin. * Mac...
3
Cephalosporins
Imidazoles
Penicillins
Macrolides
Surgery
null
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Potts surgery:
Ans. A. Left pulmonary artery and descending aorta Ref: Park's Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners 6th/ed pl29Explanation1. Classic Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt, anastomosed between the subclavian artery and the ipsi- lateral PA, is usually performed for infants older than 3 months because the shunt is often thromboze...
1
Left pulmonary artery and descending aorta
Left pulmonary artery and ascending aorta
Main pulmonary artery and aorta
Left pulmonary artery and subclavian artery
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
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All of the following viruses cause pneumonia except-
complications of mumps include epididymo orchitis,meningitis ,meningoencephalitis, and less common comolicatiin include ahritis ,oophoritis ,pancreatitis etc. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:508
2
Cytomegalovirus
Mumps
Measles
Retrovirus
Microbiology
Virology
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The most common primary cause of intraocular tumor in children -
Malignant tumor arising from the neurosensory cells of retina due to deletion of RB gene located on the long arm of chromosome 13(13q14). Ref: ak khurana 6th edition
1
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Neuroblastoma
Melanoma
Ophthalmology
Tumors
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Srand of DNA from which mRNA is formed by transcription is called:
Ans: a (Template) Ref: Vasudevan, 4th ed, p. 405; 5th ed, p. 424* Template strand is the one which is translocated to give mRNA.* As the codons are present in mRNA, DNA strand having the same sequence of mRNA is called coding strand / anti template strand.
1
Template
Anti template
Coding
Transcript
Biochemistry
Molecular Genetics
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Most impoant prognostic factor for breast carcinoma is: March 2005
Ans. B: Lymph node involvement Prognostic factors include staging, (i.e., tumor size, location, grade, whether disease has traveled to other pas of the body), recurrence of the disease, and age of patient. The best indicators of likely prognosis in breast cancer remain tumour size and lymph node status, which are compo...
2
Age of the patient
Lymph node involvement
Genetic factors
Family history
Surgery
null
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In traumatic brain injury, changes in brain metabolism are seen. All are true EXCEPT
In Traumatic brain injury anaerobic condition prevails. So brain cells switch to anerobic metabolism producing increasing amount of lactate (Option B is correct). Now if this lactate is getting utilized as energy source within brain cells through TCA it is associated with good prognosis (means tissue is recovering from...
4
There is a decrease of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity
There is accumulation of lactate in brain
There is | lactate uptake from circulation
| CSF lactate is associated with good prognosis
Biochemistry
Glycolysis
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Ketone bodies are synthesised in:
Ketone bodies are two molecules, acetoacetate and hydroxybutyrate.The term "ketone body" is historical: only acetoacetate is an actual ketone.Ketone bodies are synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA.
2
Muscle
Liver
Kidney
Brain
Biochemistry
null
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Pastia's lines are seen in
Pastia's lines : Rash gets concentration in axilla and grain. It is seen in Scarlet fever.
4
Measles
Varicella
Syphilis
Scarlet fever
Pediatrics
null
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single
In anal sex what is the child passive agent called-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Catamite Sodomyo Anal intercourse between two males or between a male and female is referred to as sodomy.o It is also called buggery.o It is called gerontophilia when the passive agent is adult,o It is called paederasty when the passive agent is a child,o Catamite is the name given to the child who i...
1
Catamite
Paedolite
Paedophile
Paederasty
Unknown
null
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multi
In posterior capsular cataract, treatment is
B i.e. Nd-YAG laser Nd. YAG (Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet) laser is used for posterior capsulotomy in after cataract.Q After cataract/ Secondary cataract/ Posterior Capsular Opacification (PCO) - It is the opacity which persists or develops after ECCE - It may present as thickened posterior capsule or dense membr...
2
Krypton Laser
Nd-YAG Laser
Argon Laser
CO2 Laser
Ophthalmology
null
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single
The premolar with the occlusal groove pattern that may simulate the letter "Y" is:
null
3
Maxillary first
Maxillary second
Mandibular second
Mandibular first
Dental
null
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single
Pleomorphic adenoma is most commonly found in:
null
1
Parotid gland.
Sublingual gland.
Submandibular gland.
lacrimal gland.
Pathology
null
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A 2 yrs old child comes with 1 year h/o of generalised edema. His B.P. is 107/70mm urine examination shows hyaline cast, proteinuria +++, WBC & RBC are nil. the likely diagnosis is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Selective proteinuria It is a case of nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease (MCD). o MCD is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children* Microscopic findings of urine in MCD Protenuria o Principally albumin (which is a low molecular weight protein) a High molecular weight protei...
1
Selective proteinuria
Uremia
Focal segmental glonurulosclerosil
Low serum complement level
Pediatrics
null
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single
A patient's urine is collected for 2 hours, and the total volume is 600 milliliters during this time. Her urine osmolarity is 150 mOsm/L, and her plasma osmolarity is 300 mOsm/L. What is her "free water clearance"?
Free water clearance is calculated as: urine flow rate (600 ml/2 h, or 5 ml/min) - osmolar clearance (urine osmolarity x urine flow rate/plasma osmolarity). Therefore, free water clearance is equal to +2.5 ml/min.
2
+5.0 ml/min
+2.5 ml/min
0.0 ml/min
-2.5 ml/min
Physiology
Excretory System
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An increased incidence of vitiligo is found in:
D i.e. Diabetes mellitus
4
Psoriasis
Nutritional deficiency
Old age
Diabetes mellitus
Skin
null
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single
Appendicitis like syndrome is caused by:
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes mesentric adenitis leading to Pseudoappendicitis.
1
Y.pseudotuberculosis
Pasteurella multocida
Bacillus cereus
Y.pestis
Microbiology
null
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A patient of renal failure has been diagnosed with cholera, so which of the tetracyclines is most suitable for the patient:
All tetracyclines are excreted primarily in the urine except doxycycline. Doxycycline is excreted in the faeces and thus can be used in the presence of renal failure.
2
Minocycline.
Doxycycline.
Oxytetracycline.
All of the above.
Pharmacology
null
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All of the following may be associated with Beta 2 agonist treatment, EXCEPT:
Beta 2 agonists stimulate the uptake of potassium into the cells which results in hypokalemia and not hyperkalemia as mentioned above. Beta 2 agonists administered in the parenteral form or as nebulisation can be used in the management of hyperkalemia by promoting cellular intake. Ref: Harrison's Textbook of Internal M...
1
Hyperkalemia
Hyperglycemia
Detrusor relaxation
Relaxation of gut and bronchial muscles
Pharmacology
null
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multi
The maximum age for growth of lymphoid tissue –
The growth of lymphoid tissue is most notable during mid-childhood. Children between 4 and 8 years of age often have hypertrophied tonsils and large lymph nodes, which is infact a sign of lymphoid hyperplasia.
2
3–4 years
5–7 years
7–11 years
11–14 years
Pediatrics
null
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All are true about Rotator cuff syndrome except:
Ans: (Fracture) Ref: Apley's System of Orthopedics and Fractures, 9th ed, pg 341.Explanation:The most common cause of pain around the shoulder is a disorder of the rotator cuff.This is sometimes referred to rather loosely as 'rotator cuff syndrome'It comprises at least four conditions with distinct clinical features an...
1
Fracture
Weakness
Tendinitis
Rupture
Orthopaedics
Injuries Around Shoulder
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multi
What is another name for buccal coitus?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sin of Gomorrah Buccal coitus (coitus per os/sin of gomorrah) In this, the male organ is introduced into mouth, usually of a young child. Fellatio is oral stimulation of penis by male or female. Cunnilingus is oral stimulation of female genitals.
2
Buggery
Sin of Gomorrah
Cunnilingus
Fetishism
Forensic Medicine
null
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single
Larvae of which of the following resides in the muscle?
Infection of Trichinella is initiated by ingestion of ble larvae in raw or undercooked meat. Digestive action liberates the larvae. The liberated larvae develop into adults in the duodenum and jejunum, where they mate and bear offspring. The adult worms are expelled in the stool. The newborn larvae penetrate the intest...
1
Trichenella
Asaris
Hook worm
Pin worm
Microbiology
null
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single