instruction stringlengths 10 664 | context stringlengths 1 5.66k | response stringlengths 1 3.34k | category stringclasses 1
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Is acculturation a risk factor for early smoking initiation among Chinese American minors? | To determine the extent to which Chinese American and white minors differ in age of smoking initiation, and to determine the effect of acculturation on smoking initiation. Cross-sectional telephone surveys. Stratified random samples of the state of California, United States. 347 Chinese American and 10 129 white adoles... | Chinese American adolescents had a lower level and a different pattern of smoking onset than white adolescents. Levels of acculturation and other known risk factors were associated with the hazards of smoking initiation among Chinese American minors and with the difference in smoking initiation between the Chinese and ... | closed_qa |
Decrease in asthma mortality rate in Israel from 1991-1995: is it related to increased use of inhaled corticosteroids? | Asthma mortality rates (AMRs) during the last several decades increased in many countries with developed medical services, including Israel. The reasons for this trend were never established. Recent data suggested that this trend is changing. We sought to compare the AMR in Israel during 1991-1995 with that of the prev... | We identified a trend of decreased AMRs in Israel during 1991-1995. The decline in AMRs paralleled the increase in ICS sales, whereas the sales of inhaled beta(2)-agonists did not change significantly. One may speculate that the decrease in AMR may be the result of better anti-inflammatory treatment, as reflected by th... | closed_qa |
A 10-year national trend study of alcohol consumption, 1984-1995: is the period of declining drinking over? | Data from the 1984, 1990, and 1995 National Alcohol Surveys were used to investigate whether declines shown previously in drinking and heavy drinking across many demographic subgroups have continued. Three alcohol consumption indicators--current drinking (vs abstaining), weekly drinking, and weekly heavy drinking (5 or... | Alcohol consumption levels, declining since the early 1980s, may reach a minimum by the 21st century. Consumption levels should be monitored carefully over the next few years in the event that long-term alcohol consumption trends may be shifting. | closed_qa |
Should cocaine-abusing, buprenorphine-maintained patients receive auricular acupuncture? | Buprenophrine is a synthetic opioid with micro-agonist properties currently pending Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a maintenance agent for treating heroin-addicted individuals. Unlike methadone, a widely used opioid maintenance agent, buprenorphine is a kappa-receptor antagonist. Research linking the ef... | These preliminary findings are consistent with the interpretation that buprenorphine does not block auricular acupuncture, supporting the provisional recommendation that cocaine-abusing patients maintained on buprenorphine should not be excluded from receiving auricular acupuncture or from participating in clinical stu... | closed_qa |
Duodenojejunitis: is it idiopathic or is it Henoch-Schönlein purpura without the purpura? | Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a small-vessel vasculitic disease that most often affects the skin. Gastrointestinal manifestations have been well described, including duodenojejunal inflammation (DJI). Four children with DJI and clinical features of HSP are described, in whom the rash was either not present or appeared at... | Duodenojejunal inflammation may be the primary manifestation of HSP, even in the absence of the characteristic rash. | closed_qa |
Is health-related quality of life among older, chronically ill patients associated with unplanned readmission to hospital? | Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) is being used increasingly to assess the impact of treatment. To determine if HRQL, assessed shortly after acute hospitalisation, is associated with readmission to hospital. In a prospective, longitudinal study, 163 chronically ill, medical and surgical patients (mean... | In this cohort of predominantly older and chronically ill patients recently discharged from acute hospital care, relatively lower SF-36 physical health component scores were independently associated with an increased risk of subsequent unplanned readmission. | closed_qa |
Internet-based home asthma telemonitoring: can patients handle the technology? | To evaluate the validity of spirometry self-testing during home telemonitoring and to assess the acceptance of an Internet-based home asthma telemonitoring system by asthma patients. We studied an Internet-based telemonitoring system that collected spirometry data and symptom reports from asthma patients' homes for rev... | Spirometry self-testing by asthma patients during telemonitoring is valid and comparable to those tests collected under the supervision of a trained medical professional. Internet-based home asthma telemonitoring can be successfully implemented in a group of patients with no computer background. | closed_qa |
Is rest or exercise hypertension a cause of a false-positive exercise test? | To determine if a history of hypertension or an exaggerated rise in exercise systolic BP is associated with a false-positive exercise ECG. Retrospective analysis of the associations between exercise-induced ST-segment depression and a history of hypertension, exercise systolic BP, and several other clinical and exercis... | In patients with normal resting ECGs, we conclude the following: (1) a history of hypertension is not a cause of a false-positive exercise test, and (2) higher exercise systolic BP is a significant but weak predictor of ST-segment depression. | closed_qa |
Pancreatitis during therapy of acute myeloid leukemia: cytarabine related? | Acute pancreatitis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been rarely associated with cytarabine therapy. This report attempts to characterize this toxicity. Criteria for pancreatitis was prospectively defined. Seven patients with pancreatitis were identified from an AML database and a clinical study at two tertiary care ... | Pancreatitis in the setting of AML therapy may be an infrequent and self-limited toxicity of cytarabine. A schedule dependent toxicity with cytarabine was not identified. | closed_qa |
Pediatric residents' telephone triage experience: do parents really follow telephone advice? | A previous study showed that calls received by our continuity clinic residents were similar to those in private practice. However, that study did not address the compliance of the parents to the advice given. To determine parents' compliance to after-hours telephone advice given by pediatric residents in a continuity c... | If an after-hours line is used by caregivers, they are more likely to follow the recommendations given by pediatric residents in a tertiary center. | closed_qa |
Organizational and financial characteristics of health plans: are they related to primary care performance? | Primary care performance has been shown to differ under different models of health care delivery, even among various models of managed care. Pervasive changes in our nation's health care delivery systems, including the emergence of new forms of managed care, compel more current data. To compare the primary care receive... | With US employers and purchasers having largely rejected traditional indemnity insurance as unaffordable, the results suggest that the current momentum toward open-model managed care plans is consistent with goals for high-quality primary care, but that the effects of specific financial and nonfinancial incentives used... | closed_qa |
Are genetic influences on peptic ulcer dependent or independent of genetic influences for Helicobacter pylori infection? | Genetic factors play a role or roles in the etiology of peptic ulcer disease and the acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection. To evaluate the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences as well as the importance of H. pylori on peptic ulcer disease. Cross-sectional study on monozygotic (MZ) and diz... | Genetic influences are of moderate importance for liability to peptic ulcer disease. Genetic influences for peptic ulcer are independent of genetic influences important for acquiring H. pylori infection. | closed_qa |
Does eradication of Helicobacter pylori alone heal duodenal ulcers? | Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection prevents duodenal ulcer (DU) relapse, but it remains uncertain whether eradication of H. pylori alone heals duodenal ulceration.AIM: To test the hypothesis that eradication of H. pylori infection is accompanied by healing of duodenal ulcer. A total of 115 consecutive patient... | BTC is a very effective H. pylori eradication regimen. Almost all duodenal ulcers heal spontaneously after cure of H. pylori infection using a 1-week low-dose bismuth-based triple therapy. Treating duodenal ulcer with simultaneous administration of omeprazole achieves ulcer pain relief more rapidly. | closed_qa |
Diversion colitis in children: an iatrogenic appendix vermiformis? | Diversion colitis (DC) is a localized, relatively benign, iatrogenic condition which occurs in almost 100% of diverted colonic segments in patients who undergo ileostomy/colostomy for various reasons. The aim of this study was to establish histological features of DC in children. Twenty-three cases of DC following colo... | Histological features of DC in children are very similar to those described in adults. They should help to distinguish it from ulcerative colitis and Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis in order to prevent inappropriate therapy and follow-up. There are many similarities between DC and the normal appendix vermiformi... | closed_qa |
Raising research awareness among midwives and nurses: does it work? | The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two approaches to increase research awareness among midwives and nurses. Quasi-experimental with the attitudes of staff in the two groups being measured at two points (January and October 1997). All midwives and nurses working in four clinical areas in a... | The introduction of clinical governance challenges healthcare providers to improve the care they deliver. There are huge opportunities for Trusts to invest in developing staff knowledge and use of research. However, staff will only seize these opportunities if there is an appropriate, enabling environment--an environme... | closed_qa |
Delivery of primary care to women. Do women's health centers do it better? | Women's health centers have been increasing in number but remain relatively unstudied. We examined patient expectations and quality of care at a hospital-based women's health center compared with those at a general medicine clinic. Cross-sectional survey. University hospital-affiliated women's health and general intern... | These results suggest that, at least in this setting, women's health centers provide care to younger women and those with fewer chronic medical conditions and may meet a market demand. While the quality of gender-specific preventive care may be modestly better in women's health centers, the quality of general preventiv... | closed_qa |
Analysis of failures after whole abdominal irradiation in gastrointestinal lymphomas. Is prophylactic irradiation of inguinal lymph nodes required? | To evaluate failures and to investigate the need for prophylactic inclusion of the inguinal lymph nodes in case of whole abdominal irradiation in gastrointestinal lymphoma. In October 1992 a prospective study on primary gastrointestinal lymphoma was initiated to evaluate management strategies. Treatment consisted eithe... | General prophylactic enclosure of the inguinal lymph nodes in the case of whole abdominal irradiation in gastrointestinal lymphoma seems to be unnecessary. | closed_qa |
Loco-regional block in ophthalmic surgery: single drug or drug combination with hyaluronidase? | The aim of this study is the comparison between the use of bupivacaine alone and a mixture of bupivacaine, mepivacaine and hyaluronidase in both retrobulbar and peribulbar blockades for eye surgery. Three hundred ninety-nine consecutive adult patients scheduled for cataract surgery with regional anaesthesia were includ... | Local anaesthetics mixture with hyaluronidase associated with peribulbar blockade presents the advantages of rapidity, duration and better quality without the risks of retrobulbar blockade side effects. | closed_qa |
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