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wang-etal-2021-enhanced | https://aclanthology.org/2021.iwpt-1.20 | Enhanced Universal Dependency Parsing with Automated Concatenation of Embeddings | This paper describes the system used in submission from SHANGHAITECH team to the IWPT 2021 Shared Task. Our system is a graph-based parser with the technique of Automated Concatenation of Embeddings (ACE). Because recent work found that better word representations can be obtained by concatenating different types of emb... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2021 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
agirre-etal-2009-use | https://aclanthology.org/2009.eamt-1.9 | Use of Rich Linguistic Information to Translate Prepositions and Grammar Cases to Basque | This paper presents three successful techniques to translate prepositions heading verbal complements by means of rich linguistic information, in the context of a rule-based Machine Translation system for an agglutinative language with scarce resources. This information comes in the form of lexicalized syntactic depende... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This research was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (OpenMT: Open Source Machine Translation using hybrid methods, TIN2006-15307-C03-01; RICOTERM-3, HUM2007-65966.CO2-02) and the Regional Branch of the Basque Government (AnHITZ 2006: Language Technologies for Multilingual Interaction in... | 2009 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
lehtola-etal-1985-language | https://aclanthology.org/E85-1015.pdf | Language-Based Environment for Natural Language Parsing | ).
The left The righ constituent constituent stack stack The syntax of these declarations can be seen in Figure 3 . | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 1985 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
frej-etal-2020-wikir | https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.237.pdf | WIKIR: A Python Toolkit for Building a Large-scale Wikipedia-based English Information Retrieval Dataset | Over the past years, deep learning methods allowed for new state-of-the-art results in ad-hoc information retrieval. However such methods usually require large amounts of annotated data to be effective. Since most standard ad-hoc information retrieval datasets publicly available for academic research (e.g. Robust04, Cl... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The authors would like to thank Maximin Coavoux, 11 Emmanuelle Esperança-Rodier, 11 Lorraine Goeuriot, 11 William N. Havard, 11 Quentin Legros, 12 Fabien Ringeval, 11 and Loïc Vial 11 for their thoughtful comments and efforts towards improving our manuscript. | 2020 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
alkhairy-etal-2020-finite | https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.473.pdf | Finite State Machine Pattern-Root Arabic Morphological Generator, Analyzer and Diacritizer | We describe and evaluate the Finite-State Arabic Morphologizer (FSAM)-a concatenative (prefix-stem-suffix) and templatic (rootpattern) morphologizer that generates and analyzes undiacritized Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) words, and diacritizes them. Our bidirectional unified-architecture finite state machine (FSM) is ba... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2020 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
prudhommeaux-etal-2017-vector | https://aclanthology.org/P17-2006.pdf | Vector space models for evaluating semantic fluency in autism | A common test administered during neurological examination is the semantic fluency test, in which the patient must list as many examples of a given semantic category as possible under timed conditions. Poor performance is associated with neurological conditions characterized by impairments in executive function, such a... | true | [] | [] | Good Health and Well-Being | null | null | This work was supported in part by NIH grants R01DC013996, R01DC012033, and R01DC007129. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH. | 2017 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
shwartz-etal-2015-learning | https://aclanthology.org/K15-1018.pdf | Learning to Exploit Structured Resources for Lexical Inference | Massive knowledge resources, such as Wikidata, can provide valuable information for lexical inference, especially for proper-names. Prior resource-based approaches typically select the subset of each resource's relations which are relevant for a particular given task. The selection process is done manually, limiting th... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work was supported by an Intel ICRI-CI grant, the Google Research Award Program and the German Research Foundation via the German-Israeli Project Cooperation (DIP, grant DA 1600/1-1). | 2015 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
hokamp-etal-2019-evaluating | https://aclanthology.org/W19-5319.pdf | Evaluating the Supervised and Zero-shot Performance of Multi-lingual Translation Models | We study several methods for full or partial sharing of the decoder parameters of multilingual NMT models. Using only the WMT 2019 shared task parallel datasets for training, we evaluate both fully supervised and zero-shot translation performance in 110 unique translation directions. We use additional test sets and re-... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2019 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
reed-etal-2008-linguistic | http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2008/pdf/755_paper.pdf | The Linguistic Data Consortium Member Survey: Purpose, Execution and Results | The Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) seeks to provide its members with quality linguistic resources and services. In order to pursue these ideals and to remain current, LDC monitors the needs and sentiments of its communities. One mechanism LDC uses to generate feedback on consortium and resource issues is the LDC Memb... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2008 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
headden-iii-etal-2006-learning | https://aclanthology.org/W06-1636.pdf | Learning Phrasal Categories | In this work we learn clusters of contextual annotations for non-terminals in the Penn Treebank. Perhaps the best way to think about this problem is to contrast our work with that of Klein and Manning (2003). That research used treetransformations to create various grammars with different contextual annotations on the ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The research presented here was funded in part by DARPA GALE contract HR 0011-06-20001. | 2006 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
ahmed-butt-2011-discovering | https://aclanthology.org/W11-0132.pdf | Discovering Semantic Classes for Urdu N-V Complex Predicates | This paper reports on an exploratory investigation as to whether classes of Urdu N-V complex predicates can be identified on the basis syntactic patterns and lexical choices associated with the N-V complex predicates. Working with data from a POS annotated corpus, we show that choices with respect to the number of argu... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2011 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
saint-dizier-2008-challenges | https://aclanthology.org/Y08-1006.pdf | Some Challenges of Advanced Question-Answering: an Experiment with How-to Questions | This paper is a contribution to text semantics processing and its application to advanced question-answering where a significant portion of a well-formed text is required as a response. We focus on procedural texts of various domains, and show how titles, instructions, instructional compounds and arguments can be extra... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2008 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
yang-etal-2019-convolutional | https://aclanthology.org/N19-1407.pdf | Convolutional Self-Attention Networks | Self-attention networks (SANs) have drawn increasing interest due to their high parallelization in computation and flexibility in modeling dependencies. SANs can be further enhanced with multi-head attention by allowing the model to attend to information from different representation subspaces. In this work, we propose... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61672555), the Joint Project of Macao Science and Technology Development Fund and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 045/2017/AFJ) and the Multiyear Research Grant from the University of Macau (Grant No. MY... | 2019 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
kim-lee-2003-clause | https://aclanthology.org/U03-1005.pdf | S-clause segmentation for efficient syntactic analysis using decision trees | In dependency parsing of long sentences with fewer subjects than predicates, it is difficult to recognize which predicate governs which subject. To handle such syntactic ambiguity between subjects and predicates, this paper proposes an "Sclause" segmentation method, where an S(ubject)clause is defined as a group of wor... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Advanced Information Technology Research Center(AITrc) and by the Brain Korea 21 Project in 2003. | 2003 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
coster-kauchak-2011-simple | https://aclanthology.org/P11-2117.pdf | Simple English Wikipedia: A New Text Simplification Task | In this paper we examine the task of sentence simplification which aims to reduce the reading complexity of a sentence by incorporating more accessible vocabulary and sentence structure. We introduce a new data set that pairs English Wikipedia with Simple English Wikipedia and is orders of magnitude larger than any pre... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2011 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
demollin-etal-2020-argumentation | https://aclanthology.org/2020.nl4xai-1.10.pdf | Argumentation Theoretical Frameworks for Explainable Artificial Intelligence | This paper discusses four major argumentation theoretical frameworks with respect to their use in support of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). We consider these frameworks as useful tools for both system-centred and usercentred XAI. The former is concerned with the generation of explanations for decisions take... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860621. | 2020 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
biesialska-etal-2020-enhancing | https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-srw.36.pdf | Enhancing Word Embeddings with Knowledge Extracted from Lexical Resources | In this work, we present an effective method for semantic specialization of word vector representations. To this end, we use traditional word embeddings and apply specialization methods to better capture semantic relations between words. In our approach, we leverage external knowledge from rich lexical resources such a... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This work is supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, the European Regional Development Fund through the postdoctoral senior grant Ramón y Cajal and by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación through the projects EUR2019-10381... | 2020 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
mckeown-paris-1987-functional | https://aclanthology.org/P87-1014.pdf | Functional Unification Grammar Revisited | In this paper, we show that one benefit of FUG, the ability to state global conslralnts on choice separately from syntactic rules, is difficult in generation systems based on augmented context free grammars (e.g., Def'mite Clause Cn'anmm~). They require that such constraints be expressed locally as part of syntactic ru... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The research reported in this paper was partially supported by DARPA grant N00039-84-C-0165, by ONR grant N00014-82-K-0256 and by NSF grant IST-84-51438. We would like to thank Bill Mann for making a portion of NIGEL's grammar available to us for comparisons. | 1987 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
orav-etal-2018-estonian | https://aclanthology.org/2018.gwc-1.42.pdf | Estonian Wordnet: Current State and Future Prospects | This paper presents Estonian Wordnet (EstWN) with its latest developments. We are focusing on the time period of 2011-2017 because during this time EstWN project was supported by the National Programme for Estonian Language Technology (NPELT 1). We describe which were the goals at the beginning of 2011 and what are the... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2018 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
zhang-denero-2014-observational | https://aclanthology.org/P14-2132.pdf | Observational Initialization of Type-Supervised Taggers | Recent work has sparked new interest in type-supervised part-of-speech tagging, a data setting in which no labeled sentences are available, but the set of allowed tags is known for each word type. This paper describes observational initialization, a novel technique for initializing EM when training a type-supervised HM... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2014 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
liu-etal-2012-expected | https://aclanthology.org/C12-2071.pdf | Expected Error Minimization with Ultraconservative Update for SMT | Minimum error rate training is a popular method for parameter tuning in statistical machine translation (SMT). However, the optimization objective function may change drastically at each optimization step, which may induce MERT instability. We propose an alternative tuning method based on an ultraconservative update, i... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We would like to thank Muyun Yang and Hongfei Jiang for many valuable discussions and thank three anonymous reviewers for many valuable comments and helpful suggestions. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61173073,61100093,61073130,61272384), the Key Project of the National High Te... | 2012 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
guggilla-etal-2016-cnn | https://aclanthology.org/C16-1258.pdf | CNN- and LSTM-based Claim Classification in Online User Comments | When processing arguments in online user interactive discourse, it is often necessary to determine their bases of support. In this paper, we describe a supervised approach, based on deep neural networks, for classifying the claims made in online arguments. We conduct experiments using convolutional neural networks (CNN... | true | [] | [] | Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions | null | null | This work was funded through the research training group Adaptive Preparation of Information from Heterogeneous Sources (AIPHES, GRK 1994/1) and through the German Research Foundation (DFG). | 2016 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
meng-etal-2021-mixture | https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.383.pdf | Mixture-of-Partitions: Infusing Large Biomedical Knowledge Graphs into BERT | Infusing factual knowledge into pretrained models is fundamental for many knowledgeintensive tasks. In this paper, we propose Mixture-of-Partitions (MoP), an infusion approach that can handle a very large knowledge graph (KG) by partitioning it into smaller subgraphs and infusing their specific knowledge into various B... | true | [] | [] | Good Health and Well-Being | null | null | Nigel Collier and Zaiqiao Meng kindly acknowledge grant-in-aid funding from ESRC (grant number ES/T012277/1). | 2021 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
du-ji-2019-empirical | https://aclanthology.org/D19-1619.pdf | An Empirical Comparison on Imitation Learning and Reinforcement Learning for Paraphrase Generation | Generating paraphrases from given sentences involves decoding words step by step from a large vocabulary. To learn a decoder, supervised learning which maximizes the likelihood of tokens always suffers from the exposure bias. Although both reinforcement learning (RL) and imitation learning (IL) have been widely used to... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and the UVa NLP group for helpful discussion. This research was supported in part by a gift from Tencent AI Lab Rhino-Bird Gift Fund. | 2019 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
le-hong-etal-2009-finite | https://aclanthology.org/W09-3409.pdf | Finite-State Description of Vietnamese Reduplication | We present for the first time a computational model for the reduplication of the Vietnamese language. Reduplication is a popular phenomenon of Vietnamese in which reduplicative words are created by the combination of multiple syllables whose phonics are similar. We first give a systematical study of Vietnamese reduplic... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We gratefully acknowledge helpful comments and valuable suggestions from three anonymous reviewers for improving the paper. | 2009 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
jacobs-etal-1991-lexico | https://aclanthology.org/H91-1066.pdf | Lexico-Semantic Pattern Matching as a Companion to Parsing in Text Understanding | Ordinarily, one thinks of the problem of natural language understanding as one of making a single, left-to-right pass through an input, producing a progressively refined and detailed interpretation. In text interpretation, however, the constraints of strict left-to-right processing are an encumbrance. Multi-pass method... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 1991 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
sarkar-haffari-2006-tutorial | https://aclanthology.org/N06-5005.pdf | Tutorial on Inductive Semi-supervised Learning Methods: with Applicability to Natural Language Processing | Supervised machine learning methods which learn from labelled (or annotated) data are now widely used in many different areas of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing. There are widespread data annotation endeavours but they face problems: there are a large number of languages and annotation is expe... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2006 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
chang-etal-2015-ct | https://aclanthology.org/W15-3125.pdf | CT-SPA: Text sentiment polarity prediction model using semi-automatically expanded sentiment lexicon | In this study, an automatic classification method based on the sentiment polarity of text is proposed. This method uses two sentiment dictionaries from different sources: the Chinese sentiment dictionary CSWN that integrates Chinese WordNet with SentiWordNet, and the sentiment dictionary obtained from a training corpus... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2015 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
hammond-2021-data | https://aclanthology.org/2021.sigmorphon-1.14.pdf | Data augmentation for low-resource grapheme-to-phoneme mapping | In this paper we explore a very simple neural approach to mapping orthography to phonetic transcription in a low-resource context. The basic idea is to start from a baseline system and focus all efforts on data augmentation. We will see that some techniques work, but others do not. | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | Thanks to Diane Ohala for useful discussion. Thanks to several anonymous reviewers for very helpful feedback. All errors are my own. | 2021 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
power-scott-2005-automatic | https://aclanthology.org/I05-5010.pdf | Automatic generation of large-scale paraphrases | Research on paraphrase has mostly focussed on lexical or syntactic variation within individual sentences. Our concern is with larger-scale paraphrases, from multiple sentences or paragraphs to entire documents. In this paper we address the problem of generating paraphrases of large chunks of texts. We ground our discus... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2005 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
britz-etal-2017-efficient | https://aclanthology.org/D17-1040.pdf | Efficient Attention using a Fixed-Size Memory Representation | The standard content-based attention mechanism typically used in sequence-to-sequence models is computationally expensive as it requires the comparison of large encoder and decoder states at each time step. In this work, we propose an alternative attention mechanism based on a fixed size memory representation that is m... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2017 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
nguyen-etal-2016-empirical | https://aclanthology.org/U16-1017.pdf | An empirical study for Vietnamese dependency parsing | This paper presents an empirical comparison of different dependency parsers for Vietnamese, which has some unusual characteristics such as copula drop and verb serialization. Experimental results show that the neural network-based parsers perform significantly better than the traditional parsers. We report the highest ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The first author is supported by an International Postgraduate Research Scholarship and a NICTA NRPA Top-Up Scholarship. | 2016 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
lin-2004-rouge | https://aclanthology.org/W04-1013.pdf | ROUGE: A Package for Automatic Evaluation of Summaries | ROUGE stands for Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation. It includes measures to automatically determine the quality of a summary by comparing it to other (ideal) summaries created by humans. The measures count the number of overlapping units such as n-gram, word sequences, and word pairs between the compute... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, Paul Over at NIST, U.S.A, and ROUGE users around the world for testing and providing useful feedback on earlier versions of the ROUGE evaluation package, and the DARPA TIDES project for supporting this research. | 2004 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
felice-briscoe-2015-towards | https://aclanthology.org/N15-1060.pdf | Towards a standard evaluation method for grammatical error detection and correction | We present a novel evaluation method for grammatical error correction that addresses problems with previous approaches and scores systems in terms of improvement on the original text. Our method evaluates corrections at the token level using a globally optimal alignment between the source, a system hypothesis, and a re... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We would like to thank Øistein Andersen and Zheng Yuan for their constructive feedback, as well as the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. We are also grateful to Cambridge English Language Assessment for supporting this research via the ALTA Institute. | 2015 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
klimek-etal-2016-creating | https://aclanthology.org/L16-1143.pdf | Creating Linked Data Morphological Language Resources with MMoOn - The Hebrew Morpheme Inventory | The development of standard models for describing general lexical resources has led to the emergence of numerous lexical datasets of various languages in the Semantic Web. However, there are no models that describe the domain of morphology in a similar manner. As a result, there are hardly any language resources of mor... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This paper's research activities were partly supported and funded by grants from the FREME FP7 European project | 2016 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
lu-roth-2012-automatic | https://aclanthology.org/P12-1088.pdf | Automatic Event Extraction with Structured Preference Modeling | This paper presents a novel sequence labeling model based on the latent-variable semi-Markov conditional random fields for jointly extracting argument roles of events from texts. The model takes in coarse mention and type information and predicts argument roles for a given event template. This paper addresses the event... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We would like to thank Yee Seng Chan, Mark Sammons, and Quang Xuan Do for their help with the mention identification and typing system used in this paper. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Machine Reading Program under Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) pri... | 2012 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
rama-wichmann-2018-towards | https://aclanthology.org/C18-1134.pdf | Towards identifying the optimal datasize for lexically-based Bayesian inference of linguistic phylogenies | Bayesian linguistic phylogenies are standardly based on cognate matrices for words referring to a fix set of meanings-typically around 100-200. To this day there has not been any empirical investigation into which datasize is optimal. Here we determine, across a set of language families, the optimal number of meanings ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The first author is supported by BIGMED project (a Norwegian Research Council LightHouse grant, see bigmed.no). The second author is supported by a subsidy of the Russian Government to support the Programme of Competitive Development of Kazan Federal University. The experiments were performed when both authors took par... | 2018 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
agirre-soroa-2009-personalizing | https://aclanthology.org/E09-1005.pdf | Personalizing PageRank for Word Sense Disambiguation | In this paper we propose a new graphbased method that uses the knowledge in a LKB (based on WordNet) in order to perform unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation. Our algorithm uses the full graph of the LKB efficiently, performing better than previous approaches in English all-words datasets. We also show that the algor... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work has been partially funded by the EU Commission (project KYOTO ICT-2007-211423) and Spanish Research Department (project KNOW TIN2006-15049-C03-01). | 2009 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
oseki-etal-2019-inverting | https://aclanthology.org/W19-4220.pdf | Inverting and Modeling Morphological Inflection | Previous "wug" tests (Berko, 1958) on Japanese verbal inflection have demonstrated that Japanese speakers, both adults and children, cannot inflect novel present tense forms to "correct" past tense forms predicted by rules of existent verbs ( | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We would like to thank Takane Ito, Ryo Otoguro, Yoko Sugioka, and SIGMORPHON anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05589. | 2019 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
aksenova-deshmukh-2018-formal | https://aclanthology.org/W18-0307.pdf | Formal Restrictions On Multiple Tiers | In this paper, we use harmony systems with multiple feature spreadings as a litmus test for the possible configurations of items involved in certain dependence. The subregular language classes, and the class of tierbased strictly local (TSL) languages in particular, have shown themselves as a good fit for different asp... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We thank the anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions. We are very grateful to our friends and colleagues at Stony Brook University, especially to Thomas Graf, Lori Repetti, Jeffrey Heinz, and Aniello De Santo for their unlimited knowledge and constant help. Also big thanks to Gary Mar, Jonathan Raw... | 2018 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
bollmann-etal-2014-cora | https://aclanthology.org/W14-0612.pdf | CorA: A web-based annotation tool for historical and other non-standard language data | We present CorA, a web-based annotation tool for manual annotation of historical and other non-standard language data. It allows for editing the primary data and modifying token boundaries during the annotation process. Further, it supports immediate retraining of taggers on newly annotated data. | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2014 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
hsie-etal-2003-interleaving | https://aclanthology.org/O03-3002.pdf | Interleaving Text and Punctuations for Bilingual Sub-sentential Alignment | We present a new approach to aligning bilingual English and Chinese text at sub-sentential level by interleaving alphabetic texts and punctuations matches. With sub-sentential alignment, we expect to improve the effectiveness of alignment at word, chunk and phrase levels and provide finer grained and more reusable tran... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We acknowledge the support for this study through grants from Ministry of Education, Taiwan (MOE EX-91-E-FA06-4-4). Thanks are also due to Jim Chang for preparing the training data and evaluating the experimental results. | 2003 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
phi-matsumoto-2016-integrating | https://aclanthology.org/Y16-2015.pdf | Integrating Word Embedding Offsets into the Espresso System for Part-Whole Relation Extraction | Part-whole relation, or meronymy plays an important role in many domains. Among approaches to addressing the part-whole relation extraction task, the Espresso bootstrapping algorithm has proved to be effective by significantly improving recall while keeping high precision. In this paper, we first investigate the effect... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2016 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
molinero-etal-2009-building | https://aclanthology.org/W09-4619.pdf | Building a morphological and syntactic lexicon by merging various linguistic resources | This paper shows how large-coverage morphological and syntactic NLP lexicons can be developed by interpreting, converting to a common format and merging existing lexical resources. Applied on Spanish, this allowed us to build a morphological and syntactic lexicon, the Leffe. It relies on the Alexina framework, original... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | " 2006-2009).We would like also to thank group Gramática delEspañol from USC, and especially to Guillermo Rojo, M. a Paula Santalla and Susana Sotelo, for granting us access to their lexicon. | 2009 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
dligach-palmer-2008-novel | https://aclanthology.org/P08-2008.pdf | Novel Semantic Features for Verb Sense Disambiguation | We propose a novel method for extracting semantic information about a verb's arguments and apply it to Verb Sense Disambiguation (VSD). We contrast this m ethod with two popular approaches to retrieving this information and show that it improves the performance of our VSD system and outperforms the other two approaches | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation Grant NSF-0715078, Consistent Criteria for Word Sense Disambiguation, and the GALE program of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Contract No. HR0011-06-C-0022, a subcontract from the BBN-AGILE Team. Any opinions, findings, and conclusi... | 2008 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
jin-etal-2021-cogie | https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-demo.11.pdf | CogIE: An Information Extraction Toolkit for Bridging Texts and CogNet | CogNet is a knowledge base that integrates three types of knowledge: linguistic knowledge, world knowledge and commonsense knowledge. In this paper, we propose an information extraction toolkit, called CogIE, which is a bridge connecting raw texts and CogNet. CogIE has three features: versatile, knowledge-grounded and ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020AAA0106400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61806201). | 2021 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
cao-zukerman-2012-experimental | https://aclanthology.org/U12-1008.pdf | Experimental Evaluation of a Lexicon- and Corpus-based Ensemble for Multi-way Sentiment Analysis | We describe a probabilistic approach that combines information obtained from a lexicon with information obtained from a Naïve Bayes (NB) classifier for multi-way sentiment analysis. Our approach also employs grammatical structures to perform adjustments for negations, modifiers and sentence connectives. The performance... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2012 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
yang-etal-2021-journalistic | https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.419.pdf | Journalistic Guidelines Aware News Image Captioning | The task of news article image captioning aims to generate descriptive and informative captions for news article images. Unlike conventional image captions that simply describe the content of the image in general terms, news image captions follow journalistic guidelines and rely heavily on named entities to describe th... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We thank Mahdi Abavisani, Shengli Hu, and Di Lu for the fruitful discussions during the development of the method, and all the reviewers for their detailed questions, clarification requests, and suggestions on the paper. | 2021 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
ide-romary-2003-outline | https://aclanthology.org/W03-1901.pdf | Outline of the International Standard Linguistic Annotation Framework | This paper describes the outline of a linguistic annotation framework under development by ISO TC37 SC WG1-1. This international standard provides an architecture for the creation, annotation, and manipulation of linguistic resources and processing software. The goal is to provide maximum flexibility for encoders and a... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2003 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
levy-etal-2014-ontology | https://aclanthology.org/W14-6003.pdf | Ontology-based Technical Text Annotation | Powerful tools could help users explore and maintain domain specific documentations, provided that documents have been semantically annotated. For that, the annotations must be sufficiently specialized and rich, relying on some explicit semantic model, usually an ontology, that represents the semantics of the target do... | true | [] | [] | Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure | Good Health and Well-Being | null | We are thankful to the reviewers for their comments. This work is part of the program Investissements d'Avenir, overseen by the French National Research Agency, ANR-10-LABX-0083, (Labex EFL). We acknowledge financial support by the DFG Research Unit FOR 1513, project B1. | 2014 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
huang-etal-2003-unified | https://aclanthology.org/2003.mtsummit-papers.23.pdf | A unified statistical model for generalized translation memory system | We introduced, for Translation Memory System, a statistical framework, which unifies the different phases in a Translation Memory System by letting them constrain each other, and enables Translation Memory System a statistical qualification. Compared to traditional Translation Memory Systems, our model operates at a fi... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2003 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
mendes-etal-2016-modality | https://aclanthology.org/2016.lilt-14.5.pdf | Modality annotation for Portuguese: from manual annotation to automatic labeling | We investigate modality in Portuguese and we combine a linguistic perspective with an application-oriented perspective on modality. We design an annotation scheme reflecting theoretical linguistic concepts and apply this schema to a small corpus sample to show how the scheme deals with real world language usage. We pre... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work was partially supported by national funds through FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under project Pest-OE/EEI/ LA0021/2013 and project PEst-OE/LIN/UI0214/2013, and through FAPEMIG (PEE-00293-15). | 2016 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
jing-etal-2018-automatic | https://aclanthology.org/P18-1240.pdf | On the Automatic Generation of Medical Imaging Reports | Medical imaging is widely used in clinical practice for diagnosis and treatment. Report-writing can be error-prone for unexperienced physicians, and timeconsuming and tedious for experienced physicians. To address these issues, we study the automatic generation of medical imaging reports. This task presents several cha... | true | [] | [] | Good Health and Well-Being | null | null | null | 2018 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
mcdonald-1993-interplay | https://aclanthology.org/1993.iwpt-1.15.pdf | The Interplay of Syntactic and Semantic Node Labels in Partial Parsing | Our natural language comprehension system, "Sparser" , uses a semantic grammar in conjunc tion with a domain model that defines the categories and already-known individuals that can be expected in the sublanguages we are studying, the most significant of which to date has been articles from the Wall Street Journal's "W... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 1993 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
damani-2013-improving | https://aclanthology.org/W13-3503.pdf | Improving Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) by Incorporating Significant Co-occurrence | We design a new co-occurrence based word association measure by incorporating the concept of significant cooccurrence in the popular word association measure Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI). By extensive experiments with a large number of publicly available datasets we show that the newly introduced measure performs... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We thank Dipak Chaudhari and Shweta Ghonghe for their help with the implementation. | 2013 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
bhagat-etal-2005-statistical | https://aclanthology.org/W05-1520.pdf | Statistical Shallow Semantic Parsing despite Little Training Data | Natural language understanding is an essential module in any dialogue system. To obtain satisfactory performance levels, a dialogue system needs a semantic parser/natural language understanding system (NLU) that produces accurate and detailed dialogue oriented semantic output. Recently, a number of semantic parsers tra... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2005 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
ion-etal-2019-racais | https://aclanthology.org/D19-5714.pdf | RACAI's System at PharmaCoNER 2019 | This paper describes the Named Entity Recognition system of the Institute for Artificial Intelligence "Mihai Drȃgȃnescu" of the Romanian Academy (RACAI for short). Our best F1 score of 0.84984 was achieved using an ensemble of two systems: a gazetteer-based baseline and a RNN-based NER system, developed specially for P... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The reported research was supported by the EC grant MARCELL (Multilingual Resources for CEF.AT in the Legal Domain), TENtec no. 27798023. | 2019 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
yang-berwick-1996-principle | https://aclanthology.org/Y96-1038.pdf | Principle-based Parsing for Chinese | This paper describes the implementation of Mandarin Chinese in the Pappi system, a principle-based multilingual parser. We show that substantive linguistic coverage for new and linguistically diverse languages such as Chinese can be achieved, conveniently and efficiently, through parameterization and minimal modificati... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 1996 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
kocisky-etal-2014-learning | https://aclanthology.org/P14-2037.pdf | Learning Bilingual Word Representations by Marginalizing Alignments | We present a probabilistic model that simultaneously learns alignments and distributed representations for bilingual data. By marginalizing over word alignments the model captures a larger semantic context than prior work relying on hard alignments. The advantage of this approach is demonstrated in a cross-lingual clas... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work was supported by a Xerox Foundation Award and EPSRC grant number EP/K036580/1. We acknowledge the use of the Oxford ARC. | 2014 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
fehri-etal-2011-new | https://aclanthology.org/R11-1076.pdf | A New Representation Model for the Automatic Recognition and Translation of Arabic Named Entities with NooJ | Recognition and translation of named entities (NEs) are two current research topics with regard to the proliferation of electronic documents exchanged through the Internet. The need to assimilate these documents through NLP tools has become necessary and interesting. Moreover, the formal or semiformal modeling of these... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2011 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
bates-1989-summary | https://aclanthology.org/H89-2029.pdf | Summary of Session 7 -- Natural Language (Part 2) | In this session, Ralph Weischedel of BBN reported on work advancing the state of the art in multiple underlying systems, i.e., translating an understood query or command into a program to produce an answer from one or more application systems.
This work addresses one of the key bottlenecks to making NL (and speech) sys... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 1989 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
tattar-fishel-2017-bleu2vec | https://aclanthology.org/W17-4771.pdf | bleu2vec: the Painfully Familiar Metric on Continuous Vector Space Steroids | In this participation in the WMT'2017 metrics shared task we implement a fuzzy match score for n-gram precisions in the BLEU metric. To do this we learn ngram embeddings; we describe two ways of extending the WORD2VEC approach to do so. Evaluation results show that the introduced score beats the original BLEU metric on... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2017 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
agrawal-an-2014-kea | https://aclanthology.org/S14-2065.pdf | Kea: Sentiment Analysis of Phrases Within Short Texts | Sentiment Analysis has become an increasingly important research topic. This paper describes our approach to building a system for the Sentiment Analysis in Twitter task of the SemEval-2014 evaluation. The goal is to classify a phrase within a short piece of text as positive, negative or neutral. In the evaluation, cla... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We would like to thank the organizers of this task for their effort and the reviewers for their useful feedback. This research is funded in part by the Centre for Information Visualization and Data Driven Design (CIV/DDD) established by the Ontario Research Fund. | 2014 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
lochbaum-1991-algorithm | https://aclanthology.org/P91-1005.pdf | An Algorithm for Plan Recognition in Collaborative Discourse | A model of plan recognition in discourse must be based on intended recognition, distinguish each agent's beliefs and intentions from the other's, and avoid assumptions about the correctness or completeness of the agents' beliefs. In this paper, we present an algorithm for plan recognition that is based on the Shared-Pl... | true | [] | [] | Partnership for the goals | null | null | I would like to thank Cecile Balkanski, Barbara Grosz, Stuart Shieber, and Candy Sidner for many helpful discussions and comments on the research presented in this paper. | 1991 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true |
yuste-2004-corporate | https://aclanthology.org/W04-1401.pdf | Corporate Language Resources in Multilingual Content Creation, Maintenance and Leverage | This paper focuses on how language resources (LR) for translation (hence LR4Trans) feature, and should ideally feature, within a corporate workflow of multilingual content development. The envisaged scenario will be that of a content management system that acknowledges the value of LR4Trans in the organisation as a key... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | My special thanks go to the two blind reviewers of this paper's first draft. I would also like to thank my colleagues at the Institute for Computational Linguistics of the University of Zurich for their interesting questions during a recent presentation. | 2004 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
ma-li-2006-comparative | https://aclanthology.org/O06-3004.pdf | A Comparative Study of Four Language Identification Systems | In this paper, we compare four typical spoken language identification (LID) systems. We introduce a novel acoustic segment modeling approach for the LID system frontend. It is assumed that the overall sound characteristics of all spoken languages can be covered by a universal collection of acoustic segment models (ASMs... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We have successfully treated LID as a text categorization application with the topic category being the language identity itself. The VSM method can be extended to other spoken document classification tasks as well, for example, multilingual spoken document categorization by topic. We are also interested in exploring o... | 2006 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
simov-etal-2014-system | http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2014/pdf/1005_Paper.pdf | A System for Experiments with Dependency Parsers | In this paper we present a system for experimenting with combinations of dependency parsers. The system supports initial training of different parsing models, creation of parsebank(s) with these models, and different strategies for the construction of ensemble models aimed at improving the output of the individual mode... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This research has received partial funding from the EC's FP7 (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 610516: "QTLeap: Quality Translation by Deep Language Engineering Approaches". | 2014 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
sun-etal-2018-open | https://aclanthology.org/D18-1455.pdf | Open Domain Question Answering Using Early Fusion of Knowledge Bases and Text | Open Domain Question Answering (QA) is evolving from complex pipelined systems to end-to-end deep neural networks. Specialized neural models have been developed for extracting answers from either text alone or Knowledge Bases (KBs) alone. In this paper we look at a more practical setting, namely QA over the combination... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | Bhuwan Dhingra is supported by NSF under grants CCF-1414030 and IIS-1250956 and by grants from Google. Ruslan Salakhutdinov is supported in part by ONR grant N000141812861, Apple, and Nvidia NVAIL Award. | 2018 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
fonseca-etal-2016-lexfom | https://aclanthology.org/W16-5320.pdf | Lexfom: a lexical functions ontology model | A lexical function represents a type of relation that exists between lexical units (wo rds or expressions) in any language. For examp le, the antonymy is a type of relat ion that is represented by the lexical function Anti: Anti(big) = small. Those relations include both paradigmatic relations, i.e. vertical relations,... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2016 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
bjorne-salakoski-2011-generalizing | https://aclanthology.org/W11-1828.pdf | Generalizing Biomedical Event Extraction | We present a system for extracting biomedical events (detailed descriptions of biomolecular interactions) from research articles. This system was developed for the BioNLP'11 Shared Task and extends our BioNLP'09 Shared Task winning Turku Event Extraction System. It uses support vector machines to first detect event-def... | true | [] | [] | Good Health and Well-Being | null | null | We thank the Academy of Finland for funding, CSC -IT Center for Science Ltd for computational resources and Filip Ginter and Sofie Van Landeghem for help with the manuscript. | 2011 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
lee-etal-2020-massively | https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.521.pdf | Massively Multilingual Pronunciation Modeling with WikiPron | We introduce WikiPron, an open-source command-line tool for extracting pronunciation data from Wiktionary, a collaborative multilingual online dictionary. We first describe the design and use of WikiPron. We then discuss the challenges faced scaling this tool to create an automatically-generated database of 1.7 million... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We thank the countless Wiktionary contributors and editors without whom this work would have been impossible. | 2020 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
joshi-etal-2020-dr | https://aclanthology.org/2020.findings-emnlp.335.pdf | Dr. Summarize: Global Summarization of Medical Dialogue by Exploiting Local Structures. | Understanding a medical conversation between a patient and a physician poses unique natural language understanding challenge since it combines elements of standard open-ended conversation with very domainspecific elements that require expertise and medical knowledge. Summarization of medical conversations is a particul... | true | [] | [] | Good Health and Well-Being | null | null | null | 2020 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
sanchez-martinez-etal-2020-english | https://aclanthology.org/2020.eamt-1.32.pdf | An English-Swahili parallel corpus and its use for neural machine translation in the news domain | This paper describes our approach to create a neural machine translation system to translate between English and Swahili (both directions) in the news domain, as well as the process we followed to crawl the necessary parallel corpora from the Internet. We report the results of a pilot human evaluation performed by the ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | Acknowledgements: Work funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 825299, project Global Under-Resourced Media Translation (GoURMET). We thank the editors of the SAWA corpus for letting us use it for training. We also thank Wycliffe Muia (BBC) for help wit... | 2020 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
farreres-rodriguez-2004-selecting | http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2004/pdf/324.pdf | Selecting the Correct English Synset for a Spanish Sense | This work tries to enrich the Spanish Wordnet using a Spanish taxonomy as a knowledge source. The Spanish taxonomy is composed by Spanish senses, while Spanish Wordnet is composed by synsets, mostly linked to English WordNet. A set of weighted associations between Spanish words and Wordnet synsets is used for inferring... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2004 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
peitz-etal-2013-rwth | https://aclanthology.org/W13-2224.pdf | The RWTH Aachen Machine Translation System for WMT 2013 | This paper describes the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems developed at RWTH Aachen University for the translation task of the ACL 2013 Eighth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT 2013). We participated in the evaluation campaign for the French-English and German-English language pairs in both t... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work was achieved as part of the Quaero Programme, funded by OSEO, French State agency for innovation. | 2013 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
gokce-etal-2020-embedding | https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-demos.36.pdf | Embedding-based Scientific Literature Discovery in a Text Editor Application | Each claim in a research paper requires all relevant prior knowledge to be discovered, assimilated, and appropriately cited. However, despite the availability of powerful search engines and sophisticated text editing software, discovering relevant papers and integrating the knowledge into a manuscript remain complex ta... | true | [] | [] | Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure | null | null | We acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 31003A 156976). We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. | 2020 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
zhang-choi-2021-situatedqa | https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.586.pdf | SituatedQA: Incorporating Extra-Linguistic Contexts into QA | Answers to the same question may change depending on the extra-linguistic contexts (when and where the question was asked). To study this challenge, we introduce SITUATEDQA, an open-retrieval QA dataset where systems must produce the correct answer to a question given the temporal or geographical context. To construct ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We would like to thank Sewon Min, Raymond Mooney, and members of UT NLP group for comments and discussions. The work is partially funded by Google Faculty Awards. | 2021 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
boella-etal-2012-nlp | http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2012/pdf/1035_Paper.pdf | NLP Challenges for Eunomos a Tool to Build and Manage Legal Knowledge | In this paper, we describe how NLP can semi-automate the construction and analysis of knowledge in Eunomos, a legal knowledge management service which enables users to view legislation from various sources and find the right definitions and explanations of legal concepts in a given context. NLP can semi-automate some r... | true | [] | [] | Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions | null | null | null | 2012 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
wang-etal-2020-automated | https://aclanthology.org/2020.bea-1.18.pdf | Automated Scoring of Clinical Expressive Language Evaluation Tasks | Many clinical assessment instruments used to diagnose language impairments in children include a task in which the subject must formulate a sentence to describe an image using a specific target word. Because producing sentences in this way requires the speaker to integrate syntactic and semantic knowledge in a complex ... | true | [] | [] | Good Health and Well-Being | null | null | We thank Beth Calamé, Julie Bird, Kristin Hinton, Christine Yang, and Emily Fabius for their contributions to data collection and annotation. This work was supported in part by NIH NIDCD awards R01DC012033 and R21DC017000. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those o... | 2020 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
luque-infante-lopez-2009-upper | https://aclanthology.org/W09-1009.pdf | Upper Bounds for Unsupervised Parsing with Unambiguous Non-Terminally Separated Grammars | Unambiguous Non-Terminally Separated (UNTS) grammars have properties that make them attractive for grammatical inference. However, these properties do not state the maximal performance they can achieve when they are evaluated against a gold treebank that is not produced by an UNTS grammar. In this paper we investigate ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work was supported in part by grant PICT 2006-00969, ANPCyT, Argentina. We would like to thank Pablo Rey (UDP, Chile) for his help with ILP, and Demetrio Martín Vilela (UNC, Argentina) for his detailed review. | 2009 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
scarton-specia-2014-exploring | https://aclanthology.org/W14-3343.pdf | Exploring Consensus in Machine Translation for Quality Estimation | This paper presents the use of consensus among Machine Translation (MT) systems for the WMT14 Quality Estimation shared task. Consensus is explored here by comparing the MT system output against several alternative machine translations using standard evaluation metrics. Figures extracted from such metrics are used as f... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the EXPERT (EU Marie Curie ITN No. 317471) project. | 2014 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
maslennikov-etal-2006-instance | https://aclanthology.org/P06-2074.pdf | ARE: Instance Splitting Strategies for Dependency Relation-Based Information Extraction | Information Extraction (IE) is a fundamental technology for NLP. Previous methods for IE were relying on co-occurrence relations, soft patterns and properties of the target (for example, syntactic role), which result in problems of handling paraphrasing and alignment of instances. Our system ARE (Anchor and Relation) i... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2006 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
hovy-etal-2013-learning | https://aclanthology.org/N13-1132.pdf | Learning Whom to Trust with MACE | Non-expert annotation services like Amazon's Mechanical Turk (AMT) are cheap and fast ways to evaluate systems and provide categorical annotations for training data. Unfortunately, some annotators choose bad labels in order to maximize their pay. Manual identification is tedious, so we experiment with an item-response ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | The authors would like to thank Chris Callison-Burch, Victoria Fossum, Stephan Gouws, Marc Schulder, Nathan Schneider, and Noah Smith for invaluable discussions, as well as the reviewers for their constructive feedback. | 2013 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
chapin-1982-acl | https://aclanthology.org/P82-1024.pdf | ACL in 1977 | As I leaf through my own "ACL (Historical)" file (which, I am frightened to observe, goes back to the Fourth Annual Meeting, in 1966) , and focus in particular on 1977, when I was President, it strikes me that pretty much everything significant that happened in the Association that year was the work of other people.
Do... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 1982 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
yaghoobzadeh-schutze-2017-multi | https://aclanthology.org/E17-1055.pdf | Multi-level Representations for Fine-Grained Typing of Knowledge Base Entities | Entities are essential elements of natural language. In this paper, we present methods for learning multi-level representations of entities on three complementary levels: character (character patterns in entity names extracted, e.g., by neural networks), word (embeddings of words in entity names) and entity (entity emb... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | Acknowledgments. This work was supported by DFG (SCHU 2246/8-2). | 2017 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
qian-etal-2010-python | http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/30_Paper.pdf | A Python Toolkit for Universal Transliteration | We describe ScriptTranscriber, an open source toolkit for extracting transliterations in comparable corpora from languages written in different scripts. The system includes various methods for extracting potential terms of interest from raw text, for providing guesses on the pronunciations of terms, and for comparing t... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2010 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
cardoso-2012-rembrandt | http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2012/pdf/409_Paper.pdf | Rembrandt - a named-entity recognition framework | Rembrandt is a named entity recognition system specially crafted to annotate documents by classifying named entities and ground them into unique identifiers. Rembrandt played an important role within our research over geographic IR, thus evolving into a more capable framework where documents can be annotated, manually ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This work is supported by FCT for its LASIGE Multi-annual support, GREASE-II project (grant PTDC/EIA/73614/2006) and a PhD scholarship grant SFRH/BD/45480/2008, and by the Portuguese Government, the European Union (FEDER and FSE) through the Linguateca project, under contract ref.POSC/339/1.3/C/NAC, UMIC and FCCN. | 2012 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
uszkoreit-2012-quality | https://aclanthology.org/F12-4001.pdf | Quality Translation for a Multilingual Continent - Priorities and Chances for European MT Research | Recent progress in translation technology has caused a real boost for research and technology deployment. At the same time, other areas of language technology also experience scientific advances and economic success stories. However, research in machine translation is still less affected by new developments in core are... | true | [] | [] | Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure | null | null | null | 2012 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
schuster-etal-2020-stochastic | https://aclanthology.org/2020.pam-1.11.pdf | Stochastic Frames | In the frame hypothesis (Barsalou, 1992; Löbner, 2014), human concepts are equated with frames, which extend feature lists by a functional structure consisting of attributes and values. For example, a bachelor is represented by the attributes GENDER and MARITAL STATUS and their values 'male' and 'unwed'. This paper mak... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) funded project: CRC 991 The Structure of Representations in Language, Cognition, and Science, specifically projects C09, D01 and a Mercator Fellowship awarded to Henk Zeevat. We would like to thank audiences at CoST 2019 at HHU Düsseldorf, the workshop on... | 2020 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
akram-hussain-2010-word | https://aclanthology.org/W10-3212.pdf | Word Segmentation for Urdu OCR System | This paper presents a technique for word segmentation for the Urdu OCR system. Word segmentation or word tokenization is a preliminary task for Urdu language processing. Several techniques are available for word segmentation in other languages. A methodology is proposed for word segmentation in this paper which determi... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2010 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
richardson-kuhn-2014-unixman | http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2014/pdf/823_Paper.pdf | UnixMan Corpus: A Resource for Language Learning in the Unix Domain | We present a new resource, the UnixMan Corpus, for studying language learning it the domain of Unix utility manuals. The corpus is built by mining Unix (and other Unix related) man pages for parallel example entries, consisting of English textual descriptions with corresponding command examples. The commands provide a ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2014 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
huber-hinrichs-2019-including | https://aclanthology.org/2019.gwc-1.4.pdf | Including Swiss Standard German in GermaNet | GermaNet (Henrich and Hinrichs, 2010; Hamp and Feldweg, 1997) is a comprehensive wordnet of Standard German spoken in the Federal Republic of Germany. The GermaNet team aims at modelling the basic vocabulary of the language. German is an official language or a minority language in many countries. It is an official lang... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | We thank Reinhild Barkey, Ç agrı Çöltekin and Christiane Fellbaum for providing insight and expertise from which this project has greatly benefitted. Furthermore, we gratefully acknowledge the financial support of our research by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the CLARIN-D research inf... | 2019 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
huang-2013-social | https://aclanthology.org/W13-4203.pdf | Social Metaphor Detection via Topical Analysis | With massive social media data, e.g., comments, blog articles, or tweets, become available, there is a rising interest towards automatic metaphor detection from open social text. One of the most well-known approaches is detecting the violation of selectional preference. The idea of selectional preference is that verbs ... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | Supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of Defense US Army Research Laboratory contract number W911NF-12-C-0020. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. Disclaimer:... | 2013 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
bhattacharja-2010-benglish | https://aclanthology.org/Y10-1011.pdf | Benglish Verbs: A Case of Code-mixing in Bengali | In this article, we show how grammar can account for Benglish verbs, a particular type of complex predicate, which are constituted of an English word and a Bengali verb (e.g. /EksiDenT kOra/ 'to have an accident', /in kOra/ 'to get/come/put in' or /kOnfuz kOra/ 'to confuse'). We analyze these verbs in the light of a co... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2010 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
dethlefs-2011-bremen | https://aclanthology.org/W11-2847.pdf | The Bremen System for the GIVE-2.5 Challenge | This paper presents the Bremen system for the GIVE-2.5 challenge. It is based on decision trees learnt from new annotations of the GIVE corpus augmented with manually specified rules. Surface realisation is based on context-free grammars. The paper will address advantages and shortcomings of the approach and discuss ho... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | Thanks to the German Research Foundation DFG and the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre SFB/TR8 'Spatial Cognition' for partial support. | 2011 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
iomdin-etal-2013-linguistic | https://aclanthology.org/W13-3402.pdf | Linguistic Problems Based on Text Corpora | The paper is focused on self-contained linguistic problems based on text corpora. We argue that corpus-based problems differ from traditional linguistic problems because they make it possible to represent language variation. Furthermore, they often require basic statistical thinking from the students. The practical val... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2013 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
ninomiya-etal-2009-deterministic | https://aclanthology.org/E09-1069.pdf | Deterministic Shift-Reduce Parsing for Unification-Based Grammars by Using Default Unification | Many parsing techniques including parameter estimation assume the use of a packed parse forest for efficient and accurate parsing. However, they have several inherent problems deriving from the restriction of locality in the packed parse forest. Deterministic parsing is one of solutions that can achieve simple and fast... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2009 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
kiesel-etal-2021-image | https://aclanthology.org/2021.argmining-1.4.pdf | Image Retrieval for Arguments Using Stance-Aware Query Expansion | Many forms of argumentation employ images as persuasive means, but research in argument mining has been focused on verbal argumentation so far. This paper shows how to integrate images into argument mining research, specifically into argument retrieval. By exploiting the sophisticated image representations of keyword-b... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2021 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
santini-etal-2006-implementing | https://aclanthology.org/P06-2090.pdf | Implementing a Characterization of Genre for Automatic Genre Identification of Web Pages | In this paper, we propose an implementable characterization of genre suitable for automatic genre identification of web pages. This characterization is implemented as an inferential model based on a modified version of Bayes' theorem. Such a model can deal with genre hybridism and individualization, two important force... | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2006 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
dorr-etal-2002-duster | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-45820-4_4.pdf | DUSTer: a method for unraveling cross-language divergences for statistical word-level alignment | null | false | [] | [] | null | null | null | null | 2002 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false |
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