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stringlengths 6
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|---|---|---|
[
"Muntinlupa",
"contains the administrative territorial entity",
"Alabang"
] |
Muntinlupa, officially the City of Muntinlupa (Filipino: Lungsod ng Muntinlupa), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 543,445 people.It is classified as a highly urbanized city, it is bordered on the north by Taguig; to the northwest by Parañaque; by Las Piñas to the west; to the southwest by Dasmariñas; by San Pedro and Laguna de Bay to the east, the largest lake in the country. It is given the nickname "Emerald City" by the tourism establishment and also known as the "Gateway to Calabarzon" as it is the southernmost city of the National Capital Region.
Muntinlupa is known as the location of the national insular penitentiary, the New Bilibid Prison, where the country's most dangerous criminals are incarcerated, as well as the location of Ayala Alabang Village, one of the country's biggest and most expensive residential communities, where many of the wealthy and famous live.On December 19, 1917, Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison signed Executive Order 108, which made Muntinlupa an independent municipality, separating it from Taguig. The law took effect on January 1, 1918. Vidal Joaquin, a native of Alabang, served as the first appointed mayor from 1918 to 1919, followed by Primo Ticman, native of Poblacion, from 1919 to 1922. Melencio Espeleta became the first elected mayor of Muntinlupa in 1922, serving until 1924.
| 11
|
[
"Muntinlupa",
"contains the administrative territorial entity",
"Ayala Alabang"
] |
Muntinlupa, officially the City of Muntinlupa (Filipino: Lungsod ng Muntinlupa), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 543,445 people.It is classified as a highly urbanized city, it is bordered on the north by Taguig; to the northwest by Parañaque; by Las Piñas to the west; to the southwest by Dasmariñas; by San Pedro and Laguna de Bay to the east, the largest lake in the country. It is given the nickname "Emerald City" by the tourism establishment and also known as the "Gateway to Calabarzon" as it is the southernmost city of the National Capital Region.
Muntinlupa is known as the location of the national insular penitentiary, the New Bilibid Prison, where the country's most dangerous criminals are incarcerated, as well as the location of Ayala Alabang Village, one of the country's biggest and most expensive residential communities, where many of the wealthy and famous live.
| 12
|
[
"Muntinlupa",
"contains the administrative territorial entity",
"Poblacion"
] |
Districts and barangays
Muntinlupa is composed of a lone congressional district, and two legislative districts which are politically subdivided into nine barangays. The 1st legislative district includes barangays Bayanan, Putatan, Poblacion and Tunasan in the southern half of the city, while the 2nd legislative district are barangays Alabang, Buli, Ayala Alabang, Cupang and Sucat in the northern portion of the city.
| 15
|
[
"Muntinlupa",
"contains the administrative territorial entity",
"Putatan"
] |
Districts and barangays
Muntinlupa is composed of a lone congressional district, and two legislative districts which are politically subdivided into nine barangays. The 1st legislative district includes barangays Bayanan, Putatan, Poblacion and Tunasan in the southern half of the city, while the 2nd legislative district are barangays Alabang, Buli, Ayala Alabang, Cupang and Sucat in the northern portion of the city.
| 17
|
[
"Muntinlupa",
"instance of",
"highly urbanized city"
] |
Muntinlupa, officially the City of Muntinlupa (Filipino: Lungsod ng Muntinlupa), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 543,445 people.It is classified as a highly urbanized city, it is bordered on the north by Taguig; to the northwest by Parañaque; by Las Piñas to the west; to the southwest by Dasmariñas; by San Pedro and Laguna de Bay to the east, the largest lake in the country. It is given the nickname "Emerald City" by the tourism establishment and also known as the "Gateway to Calabarzon" as it is the southernmost city of the National Capital Region.
Muntinlupa is known as the location of the national insular penitentiary, the New Bilibid Prison, where the country's most dangerous criminals are incarcerated, as well as the location of Ayala Alabang Village, one of the country's biggest and most expensive residential communities, where many of the wealthy and famous live.
| 18
|
[
"Muntinlupa",
"contains the administrative territorial entity",
"Sucat"
] |
History
Spanish colonial era
In 1601, some 88 years after the arrival of Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in the Visayas islands, the original lands constituting Muntinlupa could be deduced to have been friar lands administered by the Augustinians, then sold and assigned to the Sanctuary of Guadalupe.
In 1869, the lands were transferred to the state and large individual landholders. In an effort by the Spanish Government to bring under closer administrative control the people living in the contiguous sitios, as well as those in Alabang, Tunasan, Sucat, and Cupang, the municipality was created upon the recommendation of Don Eduardo de Canizares.
On August 6, 1898, the town supported the Philippine Revolution against the Spaniards and formally joined the revolutionary government headed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo.Districts and barangays
Muntinlupa is composed of a lone congressional district, and two legislative districts which are politically subdivided into nine barangays. The 1st legislative district includes barangays Bayanan, Putatan, Poblacion and Tunasan in the southern half of the city, while the 2nd legislative district are barangays Alabang, Buli, Ayala Alabang, Cupang and Sucat in the northern portion of the city.
| 19
|
[
"Muntinlupa",
"contains the administrative territorial entity",
"Buli"
] |
Districts and barangays
Muntinlupa is composed of a lone congressional district, and two legislative districts which are politically subdivided into nine barangays. The 1st legislative district includes barangays Bayanan, Putatan, Poblacion and Tunasan in the southern half of the city, while the 2nd legislative district are barangays Alabang, Buli, Ayala Alabang, Cupang and Sucat in the northern portion of the city.
| 20
|
[
"Navotas",
"country",
"Philippines"
] |
Navotas, officially the City of Navotas (Filipino: Lungsod ng Navotas), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 247,543 people.It is known as the Commercial Fishing Hub of the Philippines, for the city has the third largest fish port in Asia and the largest in Southeast Asia. Although it was established on December 20, 1827, Navotas celebrates its foundation day every January 16, the day in 1906 when it finally separated from Malabon. Navotas became a highly urbanized city on June 24, 2007.
| 1
|
[
"Navotas",
"shares border with",
"Manila"
] |
Geography
Topography
Navotas is a coastal town in the northwest part of Metro Manila. It is a narrow strip of land with an aggregated shoreline of approximately 4.5 km (2.8 mi). It is bordered on the north by Obando, Bulacan along Sukol Creek which separates it from Balt; on the south by the city of Manila; on the east by the cities of Malabon and Caloocan and bodies of water such as Binuangan River, the Daang Cawayan River, the Dampalit River, the Batasan River, the Navotas River, the Bangculasi Channel, the Malabon Channel and the Estero de Maypajo; and on the west by Manila Bay.San Roque
Barangay San Roque is bounded by Tangos South to the northwest and north, Tangos North and Tanza, Navotas (via Badeo 5) to the northeast, Brgy. Hulong Duhat, Malabon and Brgy. Flores, Malabon in Malabon to the east (via Navotas River, Badeo 4), Manila Bay to the west and Brgy. Daanghari to the south. Its name is derived from San Roque de Navotas Parish, the first place of worship in the town.It is famous for its annual fiesta, every last Saturday and Sunday of the month of January. Every fiesta the whole barangay (including Brgy's Tangos North and Tangos South) is filled with stalls and stores. Also every fiesta of San Roque, A. Dela Cruz St. is full of stalls which sell kalamay, from Batangas.
| 2
|
[
"Navotas",
"shares border with",
"Caloocan"
] |
Geography
Topography
Navotas is a coastal town in the northwest part of Metro Manila. It is a narrow strip of land with an aggregated shoreline of approximately 4.5 km (2.8 mi). It is bordered on the north by Obando, Bulacan along Sukol Creek which separates it from Balt; on the south by the city of Manila; on the east by the cities of Malabon and Caloocan and bodies of water such as Binuangan River, the Daang Cawayan River, the Dampalit River, the Batasan River, the Navotas River, the Bangculasi Channel, the Malabon Channel and the Estero de Maypajo; and on the west by Manila Bay.
| 3
|
[
"Navotas",
"shares border with",
"Malabon"
] |
Geography
Topography
Navotas is a coastal town in the northwest part of Metro Manila. It is a narrow strip of land with an aggregated shoreline of approximately 4.5 km (2.8 mi). It is bordered on the north by Obando, Bulacan along Sukol Creek which separates it from Balt; on the south by the city of Manila; on the east by the cities of Malabon and Caloocan and bodies of water such as Binuangan River, the Daang Cawayan River, the Dampalit River, the Batasan River, the Navotas River, the Bangculasi Channel, the Malabon Channel and the Estero de Maypajo; and on the west by Manila Bay.Navotas East
Navotas East is bounded by Barangay Sipac-Almacen to the north, Barangay Tañong of Malabon (via Estrella Bridge over Navotas River) to the east, Barangay Navotas West to the west, and Brgy. Bagumbayan North to the south. Their patron saint is San Ildefonso.San Roque
Barangay San Roque is bounded by Tangos South to the northwest and north, Tangos North and Tanza, Navotas (via Badeo 5) to the northeast, Brgy. Hulong Duhat, Malabon and Brgy. Flores, Malabon in Malabon to the east (via Navotas River, Badeo 4), Manila Bay to the west and Brgy. Daanghari to the south. Its name is derived from San Roque de Navotas Parish, the first place of worship in the town.It is famous for its annual fiesta, every last Saturday and Sunday of the month of January. Every fiesta the whole barangay (including Brgy's Tangos North and Tangos South) is filled with stalls and stores. Also every fiesta of San Roque, A. Dela Cruz St. is full of stalls which sell kalamay, from Batangas.
| 5
|
[
"Navotas",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Metro Manila"
] |
Navotas, officially the City of Navotas (Filipino: Lungsod ng Navotas), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 247,543 people.It is known as the Commercial Fishing Hub of the Philippines, for the city has the third largest fish port in Asia and the largest in Southeast Asia. Although it was established on December 20, 1827, Navotas celebrates its foundation day every January 16, the day in 1906 when it finally separated from Malabon. Navotas became a highly urbanized city on June 24, 2007.Philippine independence
On November 7, 1975, Navotas was transferred from the Province of Rizal to the newly formed National Capital Region or Metro Manila, by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824.Cityhood
On June 24, 2007, Navotas became a highly urbanized city by virtue of Republic Act No. 9387 dated March 10, 2007, after a plebiscite was conducted.
| 6
|
[
"Navotas",
"shares border with",
"Obando"
] |
Geography
Topography
Navotas is a coastal town in the northwest part of Metro Manila. It is a narrow strip of land with an aggregated shoreline of approximately 4.5 km (2.8 mi). It is bordered on the north by Obando, Bulacan along Sukol Creek which separates it from Balt; on the south by the city of Manila; on the east by the cities of Malabon and Caloocan and bodies of water such as Binuangan River, the Daang Cawayan River, the Dampalit River, the Batasan River, the Navotas River, the Bangculasi Channel, the Malabon Channel and the Estero de Maypajo; and on the west by Manila Bay.
| 9
|
[
"Navotas",
"contains the administrative territorial entity",
"Bagumbayan North"
] |
Navotas East
Navotas East is bounded by Barangay Sipac-Almacen to the north, Barangay Tañong of Malabon (via Estrella Bridge over Navotas River) to the east, Barangay Navotas West to the west, and Brgy. Bagumbayan North to the south. Their patron saint is San Ildefonso.
| 14
|
[
"Navotas",
"contains the administrative territorial entity",
"Navotas East"
] |
Navotas East
Navotas East is bounded by Barangay Sipac-Almacen to the north, Barangay Tañong of Malabon (via Estrella Bridge over Navotas River) to the east, Barangay Navotas West to the west, and Brgy. Bagumbayan North to the south. Their patron saint is San Ildefonso.
| 16
|
[
"Navotas",
"instance of",
"highly urbanized city"
] |
Cityhood
On June 24, 2007, Navotas became a highly urbanized city by virtue of Republic Act No. 9387 dated March 10, 2007, after a plebiscite was conducted.
| 20
|
[
"Parañaque",
"country",
"Philippines"
] |
Parañaque, officially the City of Parañaque (Filipino: Lungsod ng Parañaque, Tagalog pronunciation: [paɾɐˈɲäke̞]), is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 689,992 people.It is bordered to the north by Pasay, to the northeast by Taguig, to the southeast by Muntinlupa, to the southwest by Las Piñas, and to the west by Manila Bay. Like the rest of Metro Manila, Parañaque experiences a tropical climate with only two distinct seasons, wet (July to September) and dry (October to June). The city enjoys an annual rainfall of 1,822 millimeters (71.7 in) and an average daily maximum temperature of 34.4 °C (93.9 °F).Parañaque is the home of the PAGCOR Entertainment City, a gaming and entertainment complex under development by the state owned Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation spanning an area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi) in Bay City, where four large integrated resorts are based namely Solaire Resort & Casino, City of Dreams Manila, Okada Manila, and the soon to be completed Westside City Resorts World. It is also the home of the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange public transport and the Aseana City business district development which includes Ayala Malls Manila Bay.
| 0
|
[
"Parañaque",
"language used",
"Tagalog"
] |
Parañaque, officially the City of Parañaque (Filipino: Lungsod ng Parañaque, Tagalog pronunciation: [paɾɐˈɲäke̞]), is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 689,992 people.It is bordered to the north by Pasay, to the northeast by Taguig, to the southeast by Muntinlupa, to the southwest by Las Piñas, and to the west by Manila Bay. Like the rest of Metro Manila, Parañaque experiences a tropical climate with only two distinct seasons, wet (July to September) and dry (October to June). The city enjoys an annual rainfall of 1,822 millimeters (71.7 in) and an average daily maximum temperature of 34.4 °C (93.9 °F).Parañaque is the home of the PAGCOR Entertainment City, a gaming and entertainment complex under development by the state owned Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation spanning an area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi) in Bay City, where four large integrated resorts are based namely Solaire Resort & Casino, City of Dreams Manila, Okada Manila, and the soon to be completed Westside City Resorts World. It is also the home of the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange public transport and the Aseana City business district development which includes Ayala Malls Manila Bay.Climate
Demographics
Language
The native languages of Parañaque are Tagalog and Spanish, Parañaque being the natal place of the great Filipino writer Manuel Bernabé, but the majority of the residents can understand and speak English, and the use and knowledge of Spanish in Parañaque is now almost non-existent.
| 2
|
[
"Parañaque",
"associated electoral district",
"legislative district of Parañaque"
] |
Government
Local government
Parañaque is composed of two congressional districts and two legislative districts which are further subdivided into 16 Barangays. 1st District consists of eight barangays in the western half of the city, whilst 2nd District consists of eight barangays in the eastern part of the city.
| 6
|
[
"Parañaque",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Metro Manila"
] |
Parañaque, officially the City of Parañaque (Filipino: Lungsod ng Parañaque, Tagalog pronunciation: [paɾɐˈɲäke̞]), is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 689,992 people.It is bordered to the north by Pasay, to the northeast by Taguig, to the southeast by Muntinlupa, to the southwest by Las Piñas, and to the west by Manila Bay. Like the rest of Metro Manila, Parañaque experiences a tropical climate with only two distinct seasons, wet (July to September) and dry (October to June). The city enjoys an annual rainfall of 1,822 millimeters (71.7 in) and an average daily maximum temperature of 34.4 °C (93.9 °F).Parañaque is the home of the PAGCOR Entertainment City, a gaming and entertainment complex under development by the state owned Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation spanning an area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi) in Bay City, where four large integrated resorts are based namely Solaire Resort & Casino, City of Dreams Manila, Okada Manila, and the soon to be completed Westside City Resorts World. It is also the home of the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange public transport and the Aseana City business district development which includes Ayala Malls Manila Bay.Philippine independence
In 1965, barrios Baclaran and Tambo were excised from Parañaque to form part of the newly-established municipality of Baclaran. However, the Supreme Court of the Philippines later voided the creation of the new municipality, thus returning the aforementioned barrios to Parañaque.On November 7, 1975, Parañaque was separated from Rizal and became part of Metropolitan Manila or the National Capital Region by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824.Cityhood
Parañaque was later converted as the eleventh city of Metro Manila on February 15, 1998, and was chartered and urbanized through President Fidel V. Ramos during the celebration of the city's 418th Founding Anniversary. Joey Marquez became its first city mayor.Geography
Parañaque is situated in the southern portion of Metro Manila. It is subdivided into two distinct districts, each of which contains eight barangays. District I comprises Baclaran, Tambo, Don Galo, Santo Niño, La Huerta, San Dionisio, Vitalez and San Isidro, while the District II consists of Barangays BF, San Antonio, Marcelo Green, Sun Valley, Don Bosco, Moonwalk, Merville and San Martin de Porres.
| 8
|
[
"Pasay",
"country",
"Philippines"
] |
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay; IPA: ['pasaɪ]), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 440,656 people.Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the American colonial period.
| 0
|
[
"Pasay",
"shares border with",
"Manila"
] |
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay; IPA: ['pasaɪ]), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 440,656 people.Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the American colonial period.Geography
Pasay covers a total land area of 18.64 square kilometers (7.20 sq mi), making it the third smallest political subdivision in the National Capital Region and fourth in the whole country. It borders City of Manila to the north, Parañaque to the south, Makati and Taguig to the northeast, and Manila Bay to the west. The city can be divided into three distinct areas: the city's urban area with an area of 5.505 square kilometers (2.125 sq mi); the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) complex, which includes Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) and the Villamor Airbase, with an area of 9.5 square kilometers (3.7 sq mi); and the reclaimed land from Manila Bay with an area of 4.00 square kilometers (1.54 sq mi).Pasay is composed of seven districts, subdivided into 20 zones, with a total of 201 barangays. The barangays do not have names but are only designated with sequential numbers. The largest zone, with an area of 5.10 square kilometers (1.97 sq mi), is Zone 19, which covers barangays 178 and 191. The smallest zone with an area of 10 hectares (25 acres) is Zone 1, covering Barangays 1 to 3 and 14 to 17.
Populated places / barangays in Pasay
| 2
|
[
"Pasay",
"shares border with",
"Taguig"
] |
Geography
Pasay covers a total land area of 18.64 square kilometers (7.20 sq mi), making it the third smallest political subdivision in the National Capital Region and fourth in the whole country. It borders City of Manila to the north, Parañaque to the south, Makati and Taguig to the northeast, and Manila Bay to the west. The city can be divided into three distinct areas: the city's urban area with an area of 5.505 square kilometers (2.125 sq mi); the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) complex, which includes Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) and the Villamor Airbase, with an area of 9.5 square kilometers (3.7 sq mi); and the reclaimed land from Manila Bay with an area of 4.00 square kilometers (1.54 sq mi).Pasay is composed of seven districts, subdivided into 20 zones, with a total of 201 barangays. The barangays do not have names but are only designated with sequential numbers. The largest zone, with an area of 5.10 square kilometers (1.97 sq mi), is Zone 19, which covers barangays 178 and 191. The smallest zone with an area of 10 hectares (25 acres) is Zone 1, covering Barangays 1 to 3 and 14 to 17.
Populated places / barangays in Pasay
| 7
|
[
"Pasay",
"shares border with",
"Makati"
] |
Geography
Pasay covers a total land area of 18.64 square kilometers (7.20 sq mi), making it the third smallest political subdivision in the National Capital Region and fourth in the whole country. It borders City of Manila to the north, Parañaque to the south, Makati and Taguig to the northeast, and Manila Bay to the west. The city can be divided into three distinct areas: the city's urban area with an area of 5.505 square kilometers (2.125 sq mi); the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) complex, which includes Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) and the Villamor Airbase, with an area of 9.5 square kilometers (3.7 sq mi); and the reclaimed land from Manila Bay with an area of 4.00 square kilometers (1.54 sq mi).Pasay is composed of seven districts, subdivided into 20 zones, with a total of 201 barangays. The barangays do not have names but are only designated with sequential numbers. The largest zone, with an area of 5.10 square kilometers (1.97 sq mi), is Zone 19, which covers barangays 178 and 191. The smallest zone with an area of 10 hectares (25 acres) is Zone 1, covering Barangays 1 to 3 and 14 to 17.
Populated places / barangays in Pasay
| 8
|
[
"Pasay",
"category of associated people",
"Category:People from Pasay"
] |
Politician
Pablo Cuneta, former Pasay mayor
Wenceslao Trinidad, former Pasay Mayor - Aim High Pasay
Tita Connie Dy, former 2nd District Councilor & former House Of Representative
Justo Justo, columnist and former Pasay councilor
Antonino Calixto, The Transformer Pasay Ex Mayor and incumbent Representative.
Imelda Calixto-Rubiano, first female Mayor of Pasay.
Bong Tolentino, a politician Former 2nd District Councilor
Eddie Ilarde, former Philippine senator, radio and television host
Fernando Lopez, former 3rd and 7th Vice President of the Philippines
Jose Feria, 109th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the PhilippinesỀ
Presbitero Velasco Jr., 157th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Governor of Marinduque
| 15
|
[
"Pasay",
"instance of",
"highly urbanized city"
] |
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay; IPA: ['pasaɪ]), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 440,656 people.Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the American colonial period.The Martial Law era
On December 7, 1972, almost two months after martial law was declared, an assassin tried to kill Imelda Marcos. The event took place in Pasay, on live television, while Mrs. Marcos was distributing prizes to the winners of the National Beautification and Cleanliness contest. She suffered some wounds and broken nails but on the whole, she emerged unscathed from that close encounter. On the second anniversary of martial law, Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 557, declaring every barrio in the country as barangays. Not long after the decree had been put into effect, the Metropolitan Manila Commission and the Department of Local Government instructed Pasay to create its own barangays. Mayor Cuneta, in response, ordered the creation of 487 barangays. Upon the firm suggestion of Local Government and Community Development Secretary Jose Roño, the number of barangays was cut down to two hundred, organized into several zones.
On November 7, 1975, Marcos appointed the First Lady, Imelda, as governor of Metro Manila. The federation consolidated 13 towns and 4 cities including Pasay, which was removed from Rizal province.Pasay was the host city of Miss Universe 1974, the first time this event had been held in the morning and in the Asia Pacific, and thus was in the international spotlight in the leadup to the pageant day. Half a decade later, the city's first family would become famous nationally in the music scene: Sharon, the then young daughter of the mayor, broke out into the spotlight as a singer with the release of the LP DJ's Pet.
On December 22, 1979, along with Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, and other cities in the country, Pasay became a highly urbanized city.
In 1981, LRT Line 1 opened its Pasay stations, including its Baclaran terminal on the Parañaque border, marking a return to rapid urban rail.
| 17
|
[
"Venasca",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Province of Cuneo"
] |
Venasca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,563 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).The municipality of Venasca contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bonelli, Bricco, Collino, Miceli, Peralba, and Rolfa.
Venasca borders the following municipalities: Brondello, Brossasco, Isasca, Pagno, Piasco, Rossana and Busca.
| 3
|
[
"Venasca",
"shares border with",
"Brondello"
] |
Venasca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,563 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).The municipality of Venasca contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bonelli, Bricco, Collino, Miceli, Peralba, and Rolfa.
Venasca borders the following municipalities: Brondello, Brossasco, Isasca, Pagno, Piasco, Rossana and Busca.
| 4
|
[
"Venasca",
"shares border with",
"Brossasco"
] |
Venasca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,563 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).The municipality of Venasca contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bonelli, Bricco, Collino, Miceli, Peralba, and Rolfa.
Venasca borders the following municipalities: Brondello, Brossasco, Isasca, Pagno, Piasco, Rossana and Busca.
| 5
|
[
"Venasca",
"shares border with",
"Busca"
] |
Venasca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,563 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).The municipality of Venasca contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bonelli, Bricco, Collino, Miceli, Peralba, and Rolfa.
Venasca borders the following municipalities: Brondello, Brossasco, Isasca, Pagno, Piasco, Rossana and Busca.
| 6
|
[
"Venasca",
"shares border with",
"Pagno"
] |
Venasca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,563 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).The municipality of Venasca contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bonelli, Bricco, Collino, Miceli, Peralba, and Rolfa.
Venasca borders the following municipalities: Brondello, Brossasco, Isasca, Pagno, Piasco, Rossana and Busca.
| 8
|
[
"Venasca",
"shares border with",
"Piasco"
] |
Venasca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,563 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).The municipality of Venasca contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bonelli, Bricco, Collino, Miceli, Peralba, and Rolfa.
Venasca borders the following municipalities: Brondello, Brossasco, Isasca, Pagno, Piasco, Rossana and Busca.
| 9
|
[
"Venasca",
"shares border with",
"Rossana"
] |
Venasca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,563 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).The municipality of Venasca contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bonelli, Bricco, Collino, Miceli, Peralba, and Rolfa.
Venasca borders the following municipalities: Brondello, Brossasco, Isasca, Pagno, Piasco, Rossana and Busca.
| 11
|
[
"Bangued",
"located in the administrative territorial entity",
"Abra"
] |
Bangued, officially the Municipality of Bangued (Ilocano: Ili ti Bangued; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bangued), is a 1st class municipality and capital of the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,382 people.Geography
Bangued is a landlocked municipality, located at 17°36′N 120°37′E. It is elongated in shape towards the north and south, and bisected through the center by the large Abra River. It is situated in the western portion of the province with boundaries defined by the Province of Ilocos Norte and the Municipality of Danglas in the north; La Paz, Tayum and Peñarrubia in the east; San Isidro in the south, and Langiden and Pidigan in the west.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 105.70 square kilometres (40.81 sq mi) constituting 2.54% of the 4,165.25-square-kilometre- (1,608.21 sq mi) total area of Abra. The town is generally mountainous from north to south; however, it is flat and rolling at the midsection. From here it has an elevation of 30 metres (98 ft) above mean sea level. In the north, which consists mostly of mountains, elevation ranges from 60 to 1,036 metres (197 to 3,399 ft). In the south, which is interspersed with mountain and hills, elevation ranges from 45 to 300 metres (148 to 984 ft). One such hill is Cassamata Hill which was declared a national park.
Bangued is accessible through the Abra-Ilocos Sur National Road from the west, Abra-Kalinga Road from the north-east, and Abra-Ilocos Norte Road from the North. It is 408 kilometres (254 mi) from Manila, 196 kilometres (122 mi) from Baguio and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Vigan.Government
Local government
Bangued, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.
| 3
|
[
"Bangued",
"instance of",
"municipality of the Philippines"
] |
Bangued, officially the Municipality of Bangued (Ilocano: Ili ti Bangued; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bangued), is a 1st class municipality and capital of the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,382 people.Geography
Bangued is a landlocked municipality, located at 17°36′N 120°37′E. It is elongated in shape towards the north and south, and bisected through the center by the large Abra River. It is situated in the western portion of the province with boundaries defined by the Province of Ilocos Norte and the Municipality of Danglas in the north; La Paz, Tayum and Peñarrubia in the east; San Isidro in the south, and Langiden and Pidigan in the west.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 105.70 square kilometres (40.81 sq mi) constituting 2.54% of the 4,165.25-square-kilometre- (1,608.21 sq mi) total area of Abra. The town is generally mountainous from north to south; however, it is flat and rolling at the midsection. From here it has an elevation of 30 metres (98 ft) above mean sea level. In the north, which consists mostly of mountains, elevation ranges from 60 to 1,036 metres (197 to 3,399 ft). In the south, which is interspersed with mountain and hills, elevation ranges from 45 to 300 metres (148 to 984 ft). One such hill is Cassamata Hill which was declared a national park.
Bangued is accessible through the Abra-Ilocos Sur National Road from the west, Abra-Kalinga Road from the north-east, and Abra-Ilocos Norte Road from the North. It is 408 kilometres (254 mi) from Manila, 196 kilometres (122 mi) from Baguio and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Vigan.Government
Local government
Bangued, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.
| 5
|
[
"Bangued",
"shares border with",
"Peñarrubia"
] |
Geography
Bangued is a landlocked municipality, located at 17°36′N 120°37′E. It is elongated in shape towards the north and south, and bisected through the center by the large Abra River. It is situated in the western portion of the province with boundaries defined by the Province of Ilocos Norte and the Municipality of Danglas in the north; La Paz, Tayum and Peñarrubia in the east; San Isidro in the south, and Langiden and Pidigan in the west.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 105.70 square kilometres (40.81 sq mi) constituting 2.54% of the 4,165.25-square-kilometre- (1,608.21 sq mi) total area of Abra. The town is generally mountainous from north to south; however, it is flat and rolling at the midsection. From here it has an elevation of 30 metres (98 ft) above mean sea level. In the north, which consists mostly of mountains, elevation ranges from 60 to 1,036 metres (197 to 3,399 ft). In the south, which is interspersed with mountain and hills, elevation ranges from 45 to 300 metres (148 to 984 ft). One such hill is Cassamata Hill which was declared a national park.
Bangued is accessible through the Abra-Ilocos Sur National Road from the west, Abra-Kalinga Road from the north-east, and Abra-Ilocos Norte Road from the North. It is 408 kilometres (254 mi) from Manila, 196 kilometres (122 mi) from Baguio and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Vigan.
| 7
|
[
"Boliney",
"language used",
"Ilocano"
] |
Boliney, officially the Municipality of Boliney (Ilocano: Ili ti Boliney; Tagalog: Bayan ng Boliney), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,551 people.Boliney is bounded to the north by Sallapadan, Bucloc, and Daguioman, to the east by Tubo and the provinces of Kalinga and Mountain Province, and to the west by of Luba and Manabo.
| 4
|
[
"Boliney",
"instance of",
"municipality of the Philippines"
] |
Boliney, officially the Municipality of Boliney (Ilocano: Ili ti Boliney; Tagalog: Bayan ng Boliney), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,551 people.Boliney is bounded to the north by Sallapadan, Bucloc, and Daguioman, to the east by Tubo and the provinces of Kalinga and Mountain Province, and to the west by of Luba and Manabo.Government
Local government
Boliney, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.
| 9
|
[
"Boliney",
"shares border with",
"Sallapadan"
] |
Boliney, officially the Municipality of Boliney (Ilocano: Ili ti Boliney; Tagalog: Bayan ng Boliney), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,551 people.Boliney is bounded to the north by Sallapadan, Bucloc, and Daguioman, to the east by Tubo and the provinces of Kalinga and Mountain Province, and to the west by of Luba and Manabo.
| 10
|
[
"Rudolf Elmer",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Rudolf Elmer (born 1 November 1955) is a Swiss private banker, whistleblower, and activist. He worked as a banker at Julius Bär from the 1980s to his dismissal in 2002. At this time, he was head of the bank's Caribbean operations for eight years. In 2005 he was arrested by Zürich authorities and held for 30 days as Swiss authorities alleged he unsuccessful attempted to disclose client information .
In 2008, Elmer allegedly disclosed confidential bank documents to WikiLeaks detailing the activities of Julius Bär in the Cayman Islands and its role in alleged tax evasion. In January 2011, he was convicted in Switzerland of breaching the country's secrecy laws. He was rearrested immediately thereafter for having again distributed illegally obtained data to WikiLeaks. Julius Bär as well as select Swiss and German newspapers alleges that Elmer has doctored evidence to suggest the bank engaged in tax evasion.
| 0
|
[
"Rudolf Elmer",
"country of citizenship",
"Switzerland"
] |
Rudolf Elmer (born 1 November 1955) is a Swiss private banker, whistleblower, and activist. He worked as a banker at Julius Bär from the 1980s to his dismissal in 2002. At this time, he was head of the bank's Caribbean operations for eight years. In 2005 he was arrested by Zürich authorities and held for 30 days as Swiss authorities alleged he unsuccessful attempted to disclose client information .
In 2008, Elmer allegedly disclosed confidential bank documents to WikiLeaks detailing the activities of Julius Bär in the Cayman Islands and its role in alleged tax evasion. In January 2011, he was convicted in Switzerland of breaching the country's secrecy laws. He was rearrested immediately thereafter for having again distributed illegally obtained data to WikiLeaks. Julius Bär as well as select Swiss and German newspapers alleges that Elmer has doctored evidence to suggest the bank engaged in tax evasion.
| 1
|
[
"Rudolf Elmer",
"employer",
"Julius Baer Group"
] |
Rudolf Elmer (born 1 November 1955) is a Swiss private banker, whistleblower, and activist. He worked as a banker at Julius Bär from the 1980s to his dismissal in 2002. At this time, he was head of the bank's Caribbean operations for eight years. In 2005 he was arrested by Zürich authorities and held for 30 days as Swiss authorities alleged he unsuccessful attempted to disclose client information .
In 2008, Elmer allegedly disclosed confidential bank documents to WikiLeaks detailing the activities of Julius Bär in the Cayman Islands and its role in alleged tax evasion. In January 2011, he was convicted in Switzerland of breaching the country's secrecy laws. He was rearrested immediately thereafter for having again distributed illegally obtained data to WikiLeaks. Julius Bär as well as select Swiss and German newspapers alleges that Elmer has doctored evidence to suggest the bank engaged in tax evasion.Julius Bär
Elmer was hired by Swiss bank Julius Bär during the early 1980s as a private banker in their Zürich offices. He worked at the bank as a private banker throughout the 1980s and 1990s before leading the bank's Caribbean operations from 1994 to 2002. In late 2001, Julius Bär internal security discovered that internal data had been stolen and required that every employee take a lie detector test for involvement. Elmer did not take the test the first time around due to his health and then later failed. He was then released from employment on these grounds, although he was still in possession of backup copies of data. According to the bank it was "data theft committed with criminal intent". After his resignation, he sent documents to various media, whereupon the bank called for an investigation of him and his family. In 2005, Elmer sold a Swiss business newspaper a CD with 169 megabytes of customer data, but was arrested shortly afterwards in Zurich on suspicion of violating Swiss banking secrecy law. He sat 30 days in custody. Soon after his parole he started a website for whistleblowers.On 3 March 2008 the German magazine Der Spiegel revealed that Elmer was the source of documents that appeared some weeks earlier on WikiLeaks; Der Spiegel referred to them as partly authentic and partly fake. A California judge had the service provider of WikiLeaks block the site's domain (wikileaks.org) on behalf of Julius Bär on 18 February 2008. According Swiss television documentary show Rundschau, Elmer accused his bank of evading taxes by declaring bank work to have been carried out in the Cayman Islands, whereas the work was actually done in Switzerland. In 2008, Elmer released internal bank documents with customer data and other sensitive details to the Wikileaks website. According to these allegations, Julius Bär held their customers funds by funneling through investment frameworks of offshore accounts to increase profits for themselves and circumvent the Swiss tax authorities. Julius Bär denied this in a statement saying that all of its activities in the Cayman Islands were legal and did not violate of Swiss banking regulations. On 17 January 2011, Elmer met with Julian Assange of WikiLeaks at a press conference at London's Frontline Club to hand over two disks in public view of reporters. The records included information on 2000 account holders and came from three financial institutions, including Julius Bär. Assange said the data would be reviewed and published in full. A month later, Elmer stated in court that the disks were empty and thus contained no bank customer data.
| 5
|
[
"Rudolf Elmer",
"sex or gender",
"male"
] |
Rudolf Elmer (born 1 November 1955) is a Swiss private banker, whistleblower, and activist. He worked as a banker at Julius Bär from the 1980s to his dismissal in 2002. At this time, he was head of the bank's Caribbean operations for eight years. In 2005 he was arrested by Zürich authorities and held for 30 days as Swiss authorities alleged he unsuccessful attempted to disclose client information .
In 2008, Elmer allegedly disclosed confidential bank documents to WikiLeaks detailing the activities of Julius Bär in the Cayman Islands and its role in alleged tax evasion. In January 2011, he was convicted in Switzerland of breaching the country's secrecy laws. He was rearrested immediately thereafter for having again distributed illegally obtained data to WikiLeaks. Julius Bär as well as select Swiss and German newspapers alleges that Elmer has doctored evidence to suggest the bank engaged in tax evasion.
| 8
|
[
"Rudolf Elmer",
"given name",
"Rudolf"
] |
Rudolf Elmer (born 1 November 1955) is a Swiss private banker, whistleblower, and activist. He worked as a banker at Julius Bär from the 1980s to his dismissal in 2002. At this time, he was head of the bank's Caribbean operations for eight years. In 2005 he was arrested by Zürich authorities and held for 30 days as Swiss authorities alleged he unsuccessful attempted to disclose client information .
In 2008, Elmer allegedly disclosed confidential bank documents to WikiLeaks detailing the activities of Julius Bär in the Cayman Islands and its role in alleged tax evasion. In January 2011, he was convicted in Switzerland of breaching the country's secrecy laws. He was rearrested immediately thereafter for having again distributed illegally obtained data to WikiLeaks. Julius Bär as well as select Swiss and German newspapers alleges that Elmer has doctored evidence to suggest the bank engaged in tax evasion.
| 10
|
[
"Rudolf Elmer",
"family name",
"Elmer"
] |
Rudolf Elmer (born 1 November 1955) is a Swiss private banker, whistleblower, and activist. He worked as a banker at Julius Bär from the 1980s to his dismissal in 2002. At this time, he was head of the bank's Caribbean operations for eight years. In 2005 he was arrested by Zürich authorities and held for 30 days as Swiss authorities alleged he unsuccessful attempted to disclose client information .
In 2008, Elmer allegedly disclosed confidential bank documents to WikiLeaks detailing the activities of Julius Bär in the Cayman Islands and its role in alleged tax evasion. In January 2011, he was convicted in Switzerland of breaching the country's secrecy laws. He was rearrested immediately thereafter for having again distributed illegally obtained data to WikiLeaks. Julius Bär as well as select Swiss and German newspapers alleges that Elmer has doctored evidence to suggest the bank engaged in tax evasion.
| 11
|
[
"MOVE (Philadelphia organization)",
"instance of",
"anarchist organisation"
] |
MOVE, originally the Christian Movement for Life, is a communal organization that advocates for nature laws and natural living, founded in 1972 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, by John Africa (born Vincent Leaphart). The name, styled in all capital letters, is not an acronym. MOVE lived in a communal setting in West Philadelphia, abiding by philosophies of anarcho-primitivism. The group combined revolutionary ideology, similar to that of the Black Panthers, with work for animal rights.
MOVE is particularly known for two major conflicts with the Philadelphia Police Department (PPD). In 1978, a standoff resulted in the death of one police officer and injuries to 16 officers and firefighters, as well as members of the MOVE organization. Nine members were convicted of killing the officer and each received prison sentences of 30 to 100 years. In 1985, another firefight ended when a police helicopter dropped two bombs onto the roof of the MOVE compound, a townhouse located at 6221 Osage Avenue. The resulting fire killed six MOVE members and five of their children, and destroyed 65 houses in the neighborhood.The police bombing was strongly condemned. The MOVE survivors later filed a civil suit against the City of Philadelphia and the PPD and were awarded $1.5 million in a 1996 settlement. Other residents displaced by the destruction of the bombing filed a civil suit against the city and in 2005 were awarded $12.83 million in damages in a jury trial.
| 5
|
[
"Frank Cuesta",
"sport",
"tennis"
] |
Links with the prefix "es:" are to articles in the Spanish language WikipediaFrancisco Javier Cuesta Ramos (born 16 October 1971), also known as Frank Cuesta (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾaŋɣ 'kwezta]), is a Spanish adventurer, wildlife veterinary, television presenter, tennis coach, and Youtuber.
Born in León, Cuesta devoted his early years to tennis, learning from figures such as Nick Bollettieri, Guillermo Vilas, Pete Sampras, and Jim Courier. At a very young age, an injury marred his tennis career, but he kept training with Bollettieri until he asked Cuesta to move to Thailand to open an academy. Once in Bangkok, Cuesta became growingly interested in wildlife.
His interest in animals brought him to fame with the TV show Frank de la Jungla (es), for which he won a Premio Ondas in 2011 for the category of Innovation or Television Quality (es). The show spawned two spin-offs: La Selva en Casa (es) and Natural Frank (es). All three shows were broadcast by Cuatro. A fourth show, Wild Frank (es), was broadcast by Discovery International.
| 5
|
[
"Frank Cuesta",
"place of birth",
"León"
] |
Links with the prefix "es:" are to articles in the Spanish language WikipediaFrancisco Javier Cuesta Ramos (born 16 October 1971), also known as Frank Cuesta (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾaŋɣ 'kwezta]), is a Spanish adventurer, wildlife veterinary, television presenter, tennis coach, and Youtuber.
Born in León, Cuesta devoted his early years to tennis, learning from figures such as Nick Bollettieri, Guillermo Vilas, Pete Sampras, and Jim Courier. At a very young age, an injury marred his tennis career, but he kept training with Bollettieri until he asked Cuesta to move to Thailand to open an academy. Once in Bangkok, Cuesta became growingly interested in wildlife.
His interest in animals brought him to fame with the TV show Frank de la Jungla (es), for which he won a Premio Ondas in 2011 for the category of Innovation or Television Quality (es). The show spawned two spin-offs: La Selva en Casa (es) and Natural Frank (es). All three shows were broadcast by Cuatro. A fourth show, Wild Frank (es), was broadcast by Discovery International.
| 11
|
[
"Aziz Nesin",
"place of birth",
"Istanbul"
] |
Biography
He was born in 1917 on Heybeliada, one of the Princes' Islands of Istanbul, in the days of the Ottoman Empire. After serving as a career officer for several years, he became the editor of a series of satirical periodicals with a socialist slant. He was jailed several times and placed under surveillance by the National Security Service (MAH in Turkish) for his political views.In 1946 Nesin launched a weekly satirical magazine, Marko Paşa, with two leading figures, namely Sabahattin Ali and Rıfat Ilgaz. Before that Nesin was a contributor to Tan newspaper.Nesin provided a strong indictment of the oppression and brutalization of the common man. He satirized bureaucracy and "exposed economic inequities in stories that effectively combine local color and universal truths". Aziz Nesin has been presented with numerous awards in Turkey, Italy, Bulgaria and the former Soviet Union. His works have been translated into over thirty languages. During latter parts of his life he was said to be the only Turkish author who made a living only out of his earnings from his books.
On 6 June 1956, he married a coworker from the Akbaba magazine, Meral Çelen.
In 1972, he founded the Nesin Foundation in Catalca. The purpose of the Nesin Foundation is to take, each year, four poor and destitute children into the Foundation's home and provide every necessity - shelter, education and training, starting from elementary school - until they complete high school, a trade school, or until they acquire a vocation. Aziz Nesin donated to the Nesin Foundation his copyrights in their entirety for all his works in Turkey or other countries, including all of his published books, all plays to be staged, all copyrights for documentars, and all his works performed or used in radio or television.
Aziz Nesin was a political activist. In the aftermath of the 1980 military coup led by Kenan Evren, Turkish intelligentsia faced heavy oppression. Aziz Nesin led a number of intellectuals to rebel against the military government, by issuing the Petition of Intellectuals (Turkish: Aydınlar Dilekçesi), notable signatories of which included Yalçın Küçük, Korkut Boratav, Atıf Yılmaz and Murat Belge. He was the two-time President of Türkiye Yazarlar Sendikası (Turkish Writers' Union) once from 1980 to 1986, and subsequently from 1987 to 1989.He was also a critic of Islam. In the early 1990s, he began a translation of Salman Rushdie's controversial novel, The Satanic Verses. This provoked outrage from Islamic organizations, who were gaining popularity throughout Turkey, who then tried to hunt him down. On 2 July 1992, while attending a mostly Alevi cultural festival in the central Anatolian city of Sivas, a mob organized by Islamists gathered around the Madimak Hotel, where the festival attendants were accommodated. After hours of siege, the intruders set the hotel on fire. After flames engulfed several lower floors of the hotel, firetrucks managed to get close, and Aziz Nesin and many guests of the hotel escaped. However, 37 people were killed. This event, also known as the Sivas massacre, was perceived as censorship, and human rights in Turkey were allegedly disrupted at that time. It also deepened the rift between fundamentalist Muslims and those that they regard as infidels.
He devoted his last years to combating religious fundamentalism. Aziz Nesin died on 11 July 1995 in Çeşme, İzmir, due to a heart attack. After his death, his body was buried at an unknown location in land belonging to the Nesin Foundation, without any ceremony, as requested in his will.
| 6
|
[
"Aziz Nesin",
"occupation",
"children's writer"
] |
The Dance of the Eagle and the Fish
The Dance of the Eagle and the Fish is a children's book adapted by English writer Alison Boyle from the short story of the same name by Turkish writer Aziz Nesin and published in 2001 by Milet Books, in English language translation by Ruth Christie.
| 27
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"languages spoken, written or signed",
"Belarusian"
] |
Званковы валет (The Jack of Diamonds; 1961)
Да новых венікаў (To New Wreaths; 1963)
Ці грэх, ці 2 (A Sin or Two; 1970), Як я вучыўся жыць (How I Learnt to Live; 1974)
Русалка на Нарачы (Mermaid in the Narač; 1974).Nil Hilevich translates Bulgarian, Slovenian, Polish, Lutuanian, Ukrainian, and Russian prose and poetry into Belarusian. He also has written poetic verses for children, such as
| 1
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"writing language",
"Belarusian"
] |
Works
Hilevich was first published in 1946. And only after eleven years he published his verse collection, Песьня ў дарогу (literally: Song of the Road). The book was followed by Прадвесьне ідзе па зямлі (literally: A Feeling of Spring Passes over the Earth in 1959), Неспакой (Disquiet; 1961), Бальшак (The Highway; 1965), Перазовы (Exchanges; 1967), А дзе ж тая крынічанька? (And Where is That Little Spring?; 1972), Актавы (Octaves; 1976), У добрай згодзе (In Good Agreement; 1979), Повязь (A Tie; 1987). Hilevich has also published a number of humorous and satirical books, such asЗванковы валет (The Jack of Diamonds; 1961)
Да новых венікаў (To New Wreaths; 1963)
Ці грэх, ці 2 (A Sin or Two; 1970), Як я вучыўся жыць (How I Learnt to Live; 1974)
Русалка на Нарачы (Mermaid in the Narač; 1974).Nil Hilevich translates Bulgarian, Slovenian, Polish, Lutuanian, Ukrainian, and Russian prose and poetry into Belarusian. He also has written poetic verses for children, such as
| 2
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"member of",
"Frantsishak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society"
] |
Nil Symonavich Hilevich (Belarusian: Ніл Сымонавіч Гілевіч, romanized: Nil Symonavič Hilevič; Russian: Нил Семёнович Гилевич, romanized: Nil Semyonovich Gilevich; 30 September 1931 – 29 March 2016) was a Belarusian poet, a professor in the Belarusian State University, the author of more than 80 books of poetry, publications, and translations, and one of the founders of the Francišak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society.Biography
Nil Hilevich was born in the village of Slabada (Słabada), in the Lahoisk (Łahojsk) District of Minsk Province. He studied in a college in Minsk (from which he graduated in 1951), preparing to be a teacher. During the last year in college he worked as a teacher in one of the schools in Minsk. He continued his education at the Belarusian State University (the Faculty of Philology), and graduated in 1956. During 1960-1986 he was working at the university, and later on became a professor. In 1958 he started to work for a newspaper Zvyazda (Belarusian Звязда). In 1978 Hilevich joined the Communist Party. In 1980 he became the executive secretary of the Writer's Union of BSSR, and held that position for 9 years. In 1989 he became a chairperson of the Francišak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society. He also was the chief editor of the Society's bulletin Наша слова (literally: Our Word). In 1991 Nil Hilevich received a People's Poet of Belarus nomination. He has also received some other awards in literature.
| 11
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"member of",
"Union of Belarusian Writers"
] |
Biography
Nil Hilevich was born in the village of Slabada (Słabada), in the Lahoisk (Łahojsk) District of Minsk Province. He studied in a college in Minsk (from which he graduated in 1951), preparing to be a teacher. During the last year in college he worked as a teacher in one of the schools in Minsk. He continued his education at the Belarusian State University (the Faculty of Philology), and graduated in 1956. During 1960-1986 he was working at the university, and later on became a professor. In 1958 he started to work for a newspaper Zvyazda (Belarusian Звязда). In 1978 Hilevich joined the Communist Party. In 1980 he became the executive secretary of the Writer's Union of BSSR, and held that position for 9 years. In 1989 he became a chairperson of the Francišak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society. He also was the chief editor of the Society's bulletin Наша слова (literally: Our Word). In 1991 Nil Hilevich received a People's Poet of Belarus nomination. He has also received some other awards in literature.
| 12
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"field of work",
"literature"
] |
Works
Hilevich was first published in 1946. And only after eleven years he published his verse collection, Песьня ў дарогу (literally: Song of the Road). The book was followed by Прадвесьне ідзе па зямлі (literally: A Feeling of Spring Passes over the Earth in 1959), Неспакой (Disquiet; 1961), Бальшак (The Highway; 1965), Перазовы (Exchanges; 1967), А дзе ж тая крынічанька? (And Where is That Little Spring?; 1972), Актавы (Octaves; 1976), У добрай згодзе (In Good Agreement; 1979), Повязь (A Tie; 1987). Hilevich has also published a number of humorous and satirical books, such asЗванковы валет (The Jack of Diamonds; 1961)
Да новых венікаў (To New Wreaths; 1963)
Ці грэх, ці 2 (A Sin or Two; 1970), Як я вучыўся жыць (How I Learnt to Live; 1974)
Русалка на Нарачы (Mermaid in the Narač; 1974).Nil Hilevich translates Bulgarian, Slovenian, Polish, Lutuanian, Ukrainian, and Russian prose and poetry into Belarusian. He also has written poetic verses for children, such asСіні домік, сіні дом (Little Blue House, Blue House; 1961)
Зялёны востраў (The Green Island;1963)
Добры чалавек (The Good Man; 1981).In 1981 his chosen works were published in a two part book. Hilevich wrote some plays which were published as a separate book Начлег на бусьлянцы (A Night In The Stork's Nest) in 1980. His novel Перажыўшы вайну (Having Survived the War) was published in 1988. Nil Hilevich is a productive poet, also known for writing a number of books literary criticism, translations folkloric studies such asНаша родная песня (Our Native Song; 1968)
Вусная народная творчасць і сучасная лірычная паэзія ўсходніх і паўднёвых славян (The Folklore And Modern Poetry of The Eastern and Southern Slavic Peoples; 1978).In 2009 his chosen works were published in a book in Minsk. The book has 600 pages and contains the most important works of Hilevich.
| 17
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"occupation",
"poet"
] |
Nil Symonavich Hilevich (Belarusian: Ніл Сымонавіч Гілевіч, romanized: Nil Symonavič Hilevič; Russian: Нил Семёнович Гилевич, romanized: Nil Semyonovich Gilevich; 30 September 1931 – 29 March 2016) was a Belarusian poet, a professor in the Belarusian State University, the author of more than 80 books of poetry, publications, and translations, and one of the founders of the Francišak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society.
| 18
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"occupation",
"writer"
] |
Сіні домік, сіні дом (Little Blue House, Blue House; 1961)
Зялёны востраў (The Green Island;1963)
Добры чалавек (The Good Man; 1981).In 1981 his chosen works were published in a two part book. Hilevich wrote some plays which were published as a separate book Начлег на бусьлянцы (A Night In The Stork's Nest) in 1980. His novel Перажыўшы вайну (Having Survived the War) was published in 1988. Nil Hilevich is a productive poet, also known for writing a number of books literary criticism, translations folkloric studies such as
| 20
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"field of work",
"folkloristics"
] |
Сіні домік, сіні дом (Little Blue House, Blue House; 1961)
Зялёны востраў (The Green Island;1963)
Добры чалавек (The Good Man; 1981).In 1981 his chosen works were published in a two part book. Hilevich wrote some plays which were published as a separate book Начлег на бусьлянцы (A Night In The Stork's Nest) in 1980. His novel Перажыўшы вайну (Having Survived the War) was published in 1988. Nil Hilevich is a productive poet, also known for writing a number of books literary criticism, translations folkloric studies such asНаша родная песня (Our Native Song; 1968)
Вусная народная творчасць і сучасная лірычная паэзія ўсходніх і паўднёвых славян (The Folklore And Modern Poetry of The Eastern and Southern Slavic Peoples; 1978).In 2009 his chosen works were published in a book in Minsk. The book has 600 pages and contains the most important works of Hilevich.
| 22
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"field of work",
"literary studies"
] |
Сіні домік, сіні дом (Little Blue House, Blue House; 1961)
Зялёны востраў (The Green Island;1963)
Добры чалавек (The Good Man; 1981).In 1981 his chosen works were published in a two part book. Hilevich wrote some plays which were published as a separate book Начлег на бусьлянцы (A Night In The Stork's Nest) in 1980. His novel Перажыўшы вайну (Having Survived the War) was published in 1988. Nil Hilevich is a productive poet, also known for writing a number of books literary criticism, translations folkloric studies such asНаша родная песня (Our Native Song; 1968)
Вусная народная творчасць і сучасная лірычная паэзія ўсходніх і паўднёвых славян (The Folklore And Modern Poetry of The Eastern and Southern Slavic Peoples; 1978).In 2009 his chosen works were published in a book in Minsk. The book has 600 pages and contains the most important works of Hilevich.
| 23
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[
"Nil Hilevich",
"award received",
"The People’s Poet of Belarus"
] |
Biography
Nil Hilevich was born in the village of Slabada (Słabada), in the Lahoisk (Łahojsk) District of Minsk Province. He studied in a college in Minsk (from which he graduated in 1951), preparing to be a teacher. During the last year in college he worked as a teacher in one of the schools in Minsk. He continued his education at the Belarusian State University (the Faculty of Philology), and graduated in 1956. During 1960-1986 he was working at the university, and later on became a professor. In 1958 he started to work for a newspaper Zvyazda (Belarusian Звязда). In 1978 Hilevich joined the Communist Party. In 1980 he became the executive secretary of the Writer's Union of BSSR, and held that position for 9 years. In 1989 he became a chairperson of the Francišak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society. He also was the chief editor of the Society's bulletin Наша слова (literally: Our Word). In 1991 Nil Hilevich received a People's Poet of Belarus nomination. He has also received some other awards in literature.
| 26
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[
"Nil Hilevich",
"field of work",
"translating activity"
] |
Званковы валет (The Jack of Diamonds; 1961)
Да новых венікаў (To New Wreaths; 1963)
Ці грэх, ці 2 (A Sin or Two; 1970), Як я вучыўся жыць (How I Learnt to Live; 1974)
Русалка на Нарачы (Mermaid in the Narač; 1974).Nil Hilevich translates Bulgarian, Slovenian, Polish, Lutuanian, Ukrainian, and Russian prose and poetry into Belarusian. He also has written poetic verses for children, such as
| 42
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"educated at",
"Faculty of Philology of the Belarusian State University"
] |
Biography
Nil Hilevich was born in the village of Slabada (Słabada), in the Lahoisk (Łahojsk) District of Minsk Province. He studied in a college in Minsk (from which he graduated in 1951), preparing to be a teacher. During the last year in college he worked as a teacher in one of the schools in Minsk. He continued his education at the Belarusian State University (the Faculty of Philology), and graduated in 1956. During 1960-1986 he was working at the university, and later on became a professor. In 1958 he started to work for a newspaper Zvyazda (Belarusian Звязда). In 1978 Hilevich joined the Communist Party. In 1980 he became the executive secretary of the Writer's Union of BSSR, and held that position for 9 years. In 1989 he became a chairperson of the Francišak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society. He also was the chief editor of the Society's bulletin Наша слова (literally: Our Word). In 1991 Nil Hilevich received a People's Poet of Belarus nomination. He has also received some other awards in literature.
| 43
|
[
"Nil Hilevich",
"occupation",
"children's writer"
] |
Сіні домік, сіні дом (Little Blue House, Blue House; 1961)
Зялёны востраў (The Green Island;1963)
Добры чалавек (The Good Man; 1981).In 1981 his chosen works were published in a two part book. Hilevich wrote some plays which were published as a separate book Начлег на бусьлянцы (A Night In The Stork's Nest) in 1980. His novel Перажыўшы вайну (Having Survived the War) was published in 1988. Nil Hilevich is a productive poet, also known for writing a number of books literary criticism, translations folkloric studies such as
| 44
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[
"Ryhor Baradulin",
"member of",
"Belarusian PEN Centre"
] |
Biography
Ryhor Baradulin was born in 1935 in Vierasoŭka, Ushachy Raion, to Ivan and Akulina Baradulin. He graduated from a school in Ushachy in 1954, and continued his education at the Belarusian State University in Minsk, from which he graduated in 1959.Baradulin worked as an editor in various periodicals (including a newspaper, The Soviet Belarus and such magazines as Byarozka and Polymya). He worked in some publishing agencies like Belarus and Mastackaja Litaratura. He was a member of the Belarusian Writer's Union and the Belarusian PEN-center (and was President of the center during 1990–1999), a member of the BPF Party.
| 9
|
[
"Ryhor Baradulin",
"occupation",
"writer"
] |
Biography
Ryhor Baradulin was born in 1935 in Vierasoŭka, Ushachy Raion, to Ivan and Akulina Baradulin. He graduated from a school in Ushachy in 1954, and continued his education at the Belarusian State University in Minsk, from which he graduated in 1959.Baradulin worked as an editor in various periodicals (including a newspaper, The Soviet Belarus and such magazines as Byarozka and Polymya). He worked in some publishing agencies like Belarus and Mastackaja Litaratura. He was a member of the Belarusian Writer's Union and the Belarusian PEN-center (and was President of the center during 1990–1999), a member of the BPF Party.
| 18
|
[
"Ryhor Baradulin",
"father",
"Ivan Baradulin"
] |
Biography
Ryhor Baradulin was born in 1935 in Vierasoŭka, Ushachy Raion, to Ivan and Akulina Baradulin. He graduated from a school in Ushachy in 1954, and continued his education at the Belarusian State University in Minsk, from which he graduated in 1959.Baradulin worked as an editor in various periodicals (including a newspaper, The Soviet Belarus and such magazines as Byarozka and Polymya). He worked in some publishing agencies like Belarus and Mastackaja Litaratura. He was a member of the Belarusian Writer's Union and the Belarusian PEN-center (and was President of the center during 1990–1999), a member of the BPF Party.
| 27
|
[
"Ryhor Baradulin",
"educated at",
"Faculty of Philology of the Belarusian State University"
] |
Biography
Ryhor Baradulin was born in 1935 in Vierasoŭka, Ushachy Raion, to Ivan and Akulina Baradulin. He graduated from a school in Ushachy in 1954, and continued his education at the Belarusian State University in Minsk, from which he graduated in 1959.Baradulin worked as an editor in various periodicals (including a newspaper, The Soviet Belarus and such magazines as Byarozka and Polymya). He worked in some publishing agencies like Belarus and Mastackaja Litaratura. He was a member of the Belarusian Writer's Union and the Belarusian PEN-center (and was President of the center during 1990–1999), a member of the BPF Party.
| 35
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"place of death",
"Moscow"
] |
"In front of me 327 pages of the manuscript (about 22 chapters). The most important remains – editing, and it's going to be hard, I will have to pay close attention to details. Maybe even re-write some things... 'What's its future?' you ask? I don't know. Possibly, you will store the manuscript in one of the drawers, next to my 'killed' plays, and occasionally it will be in your thoughts. Then again, you don't know the future. My own judgement of the book is already made and I think it truly deserves being hidden away in the darkness of some chest..."
In 1939, Mikhail Bulgakov organized a private reading of The Master and Margarita to his close circle of friends. Yelena Bulgakova remembered 30 years later, "When he finally finished reading that night, he said: 'Well, tomorrow I am taking the novel to the publisher!' and everyone was silent", "...Everyone sat paralyzed. Everything scared them. P. (P. A. Markov, in charge of the literature division of MAT) later at the door fearfully tried to explain to me that trying to publish the novel would cause terrible things", she wrote in her diary (14 May 1939).In the last month of his life, friends and relatives were constantly on duty at his bedside. On 10 March 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died from nephrotic syndrome (an inherited kidney disorder). His father had died of the same disease, and from his youth Bulgakov had guessed his future mortal diagnosis. On 11 March, a civil funeral was held in the building of the Union of Soviet Writers. Before the funeral, the Moscow sculptor Sergey Merkurov removed the death mask from his face. He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
| 1
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"residence",
"Moscow"
] |
The Bulgakov Museums in Moscow
In Moscow, two museums honour the memory of Mikhail Bulgakov and The Master and Margarita. Both are situated in Bulgakov's old apartment building on Bolshaya Sadovaya street nr. 10, in which parts of The Master and Margarita are set. Since the 1980s, the building has become a gathering spot for Bulgakov's fans, as well as Moscow-based Satanist groups, and had various kinds of graffiti scrawled on the walls. The numerous paintings, quips, and drawings were completely whitewashed in 2003. Previously the best drawings were kept as the walls were repainted, so that several layers of different colored paints could be seen around the best drawings.There is a rivalry between the two museums, mainly maintained by the later established official Museum M.A. Bulgakov, which invariably presents itself as "the first and only Memorial Museum of Mikhail Bulgakov in Moscow".
| 2
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"notable work",
"The Master and Margarita"
] |
Film
The Flight (1970) — a two-part historical drama based on Bulgakov's Flight, The White Guard and Black Sea. It was the first Soviet adaptation of Bulgakov's writings directed by Aleksandr Alov and Vladimir Naumov, with Bulgakov's third wife Elena Bulgakova credited as a "literary consultant". The film was officially selected for the 1971 Cannes Film Festival.
The Master and Margaret (1972) — a joint Yugoslav-Italian drama directed by Aleksandar Petrović, the first adaptation of the novel of the same name, along with Pilate and Others. It was selected as the Yugoslav entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 45th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Pilate and Others (1972) — a German TV drama directed by Andrzej Wajda, it was also a loose adaptation of The Master and Margarita novel. The film focused on the biblical part of the story, and the action was moved to the modern-day Frankfurt.
Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future (1973) — an adaptation of Bulgakov's science fiction/comedy play Ivan Vasilievich about an unexpected visit of Ivan the Terrible to the modern-day Moscow. It was directed by one of the leading Soviet comedy directors Leonid Gaidai. With 60.7 million viewers on the year of release it became the 17th most popular film ever produced in the USSR.
Dog's Heart (1976) — a joint Italian-German science fiction/comedy film directed by Alberto Lattuada. It was the first adaptation of the Heart of a Dog satirical novel about an old scientist who tries to grow a man out of a dog.
The Days of the Turbins (1976) — a three-part Soviet TV drama directed by Vladimir Basov. It was an adaptation of the play of the same name which, at the same time, was Bulgakov's stage adaptation of The White Guard novel.
Heart of a Dog (1988) — a Soviet black-and-white TV film directed by Vladimir Bortko, the second adaptation of the novel of the same name. Unlike the previous version, this film follows the original text closely, while also introducing characters, themes and dialogues featured in other Bulgakov's writings.
The Master and Margarita (1989) — a Polish TV drama in four parts directed by Maciej Wojtyszko. It was noted by critics as a very faithful adaptation of the original novel.
After the Revolution (1990) – a feature-length film created by András Szirtes, a Hungarian filmmaker, using a simple video camera, from 1987 to 1989. It is a very loose adaptation, but for all that, it is explicitly based on Bulgakov's novel, in a thoroughly experimental way. What you see in this film is documentary-like scenes shot in Moscow and Budapest, and New York, and these scenes are linked to the novel by some explicit links, and by these, the film goes beyond the level of being but a visual documentary which would only have reminded the viewer of The Master and Margarita.
Incident in Judaea, a 1991 film by Paul Bryers for Channel 4, focussing on the biblical parts of The Master and Margarita.
The Master and Margarita (1994) — Russian film directed by Yuri Kara in 1994 and released to public only in 2011. Known for a long, troubled post-production due to the director's resistance to cut about 80 minutes of the film on the producers' request, as well as copyright claims from the descendants of Elena Bulgakova (Shilovskaya).
The Master and Margarita (2005) — Russian TV mini-series directed by Vladimir Bortko and his second adaptation of Bulgakov's writings. Screened for Russia-1, it was seen by 40 million viewers on its initial release, becoming the most popular Russian TV series.
Morphine (2008) — Russian film directed by Aleksei Balabanov loosely based on Bulgakov's autobiographical short stories Morphine and A Country Doctor's Notebook. The screenplay was written by Balabanov's friend and regular collaborator Sergei Bodrov, Jr. before his tragic death in 2002.
The White Guard (2012) — Russian TV mini-series produced by Russia-1. The film was shot in Saint Petersburg and Kyiv and released to mostly negative reviews. In 2014 the Ukrainian Ministry of Culture banned the distribution of the film, claiming that it shows "contempt for the Ukrainian language, people and state".
A Young Doctor's Notebook (2012—2013) — British mini-series produced by BBC, with Jon Hamm and Daniel Radcliffe playing main parts. Unlike the Morphine film by Aleksei Balabanov that mixed drama and thriller, this version of A Country Doctor's Notebook was made as a black comedy.
| 16
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"cause of death",
"kidney failure"
] |
"In front of me 327 pages of the manuscript (about 22 chapters). The most important remains – editing, and it's going to be hard, I will have to pay close attention to details. Maybe even re-write some things... 'What's its future?' you ask? I don't know. Possibly, you will store the manuscript in one of the drawers, next to my 'killed' plays, and occasionally it will be in your thoughts. Then again, you don't know the future. My own judgement of the book is already made and I think it truly deserves being hidden away in the darkness of some chest..."
In 1939, Mikhail Bulgakov organized a private reading of The Master and Margarita to his close circle of friends. Yelena Bulgakova remembered 30 years later, "When he finally finished reading that night, he said: 'Well, tomorrow I am taking the novel to the publisher!' and everyone was silent", "...Everyone sat paralyzed. Everything scared them. P. (P. A. Markov, in charge of the literature division of MAT) later at the door fearfully tried to explain to me that trying to publish the novel would cause terrible things", she wrote in her diary (14 May 1939).In the last month of his life, friends and relatives were constantly on duty at his bedside. On 10 March 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died from nephrotic syndrome (an inherited kidney disorder). His father had died of the same disease, and from his youth Bulgakov had guessed his future mortal diagnosis. On 11 March, a civil funeral was held in the building of the Union of Soviet Writers. Before the funeral, the Moscow sculptor Sergey Merkurov removed the death mask from his face. He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
| 29
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"place of burial",
"Novodevichy Cemetery"
] |
"In front of me 327 pages of the manuscript (about 22 chapters). The most important remains – editing, and it's going to be hard, I will have to pay close attention to details. Maybe even re-write some things... 'What's its future?' you ask? I don't know. Possibly, you will store the manuscript in one of the drawers, next to my 'killed' plays, and occasionally it will be in your thoughts. Then again, you don't know the future. My own judgement of the book is already made and I think it truly deserves being hidden away in the darkness of some chest..."
In 1939, Mikhail Bulgakov organized a private reading of The Master and Margarita to his close circle of friends. Yelena Bulgakova remembered 30 years later, "When he finally finished reading that night, he said: 'Well, tomorrow I am taking the novel to the publisher!' and everyone was silent", "...Everyone sat paralyzed. Everything scared them. P. (P. A. Markov, in charge of the literature division of MAT) later at the door fearfully tried to explain to me that trying to publish the novel would cause terrible things", she wrote in her diary (14 May 1939).In the last month of his life, friends and relatives were constantly on duty at his bedside. On 10 March 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died from nephrotic syndrome (an inherited kidney disorder). His father had died of the same disease, and from his youth Bulgakov had guessed his future mortal diagnosis. On 11 March, a civil funeral was held in the building of the Union of Soviet Writers. Before the funeral, the Moscow sculptor Sergey Merkurov removed the death mask from his face. He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
| 34
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"spouse",
"Lyubov Belozerskaya"
] |
Life and work
Early life
Mikhail Bulgakov was born on 15 May [O.S. 3 May] 1891 in Kiev, Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire, into a Russian family. He was one of the seven children (the oldest of three brothers) of Afanasiy Bulgakov – a state councilor, a professor at the Kiev Theological Academy, as well as a prominent Russian Orthodox essayist, thinker and translator of religious texts. His mother was Varvara Mikhailovna Bulgakova (nee Pokrovskaya), a former teacher. Both of his grandfathers were clergymen in the Russian Orthodox Church.Afanasiy Bulgakov was born in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, where his father was a priest, and he moved to Kiev to study in the academy. Varvara Bulgakova was born in Karachev, Russia. According to Edythe C. Haber, in his "autobiographical remarks" Bulgakov stated that she was a descendant of Tartar hordes, which supposedly influenced some of his works. From childhood, Bulgakov was drawn to theater. At home, he wrote comedies, which his brothers and sisters acted out.In 1901, Bulgakov joined the First Kiev Gymnasium, where he developed an interest in Russian and European literature (his favourite authors at the time being Gogol, Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, and Dickens), theatre and opera. The teachers of the Gymnasium exerted a great influence on the formation of his literary taste. After the death of his father in 1907, Mikhail's mother, a well-educated and extraordinarily diligent person, assumed responsibility for his education. After graduation from the Gymnasium in 1909, Bulgakov entered the Medical Faculty of Kiev University, which he finished with special commendation. He then took a position as a physician at the Kiev Military Hospital.In 1913, Bulgakov married Tatiana Lappa. At the outbreak of the First World War, he volunteered with the Red Cross as a medical doctor and was sent directly to the front, where he was badly injured at least twice. Bulgakov's suffering from these wounds had deleterious long-term effects. To suppress chronic pain, especially in the abdomen, he injected himself with morphine. Over the next year his addiction grew stronger. In 1918, he abandoned morphine and never used it again. Morphine, a book released in 1926, is his account of that trying period.
In 1916, Bulgakov graduated from the Medical Department of Kiev University and after serving as a surgeon at Chernovtsy hospital, was appointed provincial physician to Smolensk province. His life in those days is reflected in his A Country Doctor's Notebook. In September 1917, Bulgakov was moved to the hospital in Vyazma, near Smolensk. In February 1918, he returned to Kiev, Ukraine, where he opened a private practice at his home at Andreyevsky Descent, 13. Here he lived through the Civil War and witnessed ten coups. Successive governments drafted the young doctor into their service while two of his brothers were serving in the White Army against the Bolsheviks.
In February 1919, he was mobilised as an army physician by the White Army and assigned to the Northern Caucasus. There, he became seriously ill with typhus and barely survived. In the Caucasus, he started working as a journalist, but when he and others were invited to return as doctors by the French and German governments, Bulgakov was refused permission to leave Russia because of the typhus. That was when he last saw his family; after the Civil War and the rise of the Soviets most of his relatives emigrated to Paris.After travelling through the Caucasus, Bulgakov headed for Moscow, intending "to remain here forever". It was difficult to find work in the capital, but he was appointed secretary to the literary section of Glavpolitprosvet (Central Committee of the Republic for Political Education). In September 1921, Bulgakov and his wife settled near Patriarch's Ponds, on Bolshaya Sadovaya street, 10 (now close to Mayakovskaya metro station). To make a living, he started working as a correspondent and feuilletons writer for the newspapers Gudok, Krasnaia Panorama and Nakanune, based in Berlin. For the almanac Nedra, he wrote Diaboliad, The Fatal Eggs (1924), and Heart of a Dog (1925), works that combined bitter satire and elements of science fiction and were concerned with the fate of a scientist and the misuse of his discovery. The most significant features of Bulgakov's satire, such as a skillful blending of fantastic and realistic elements, grotesque situations, and a concern with important ethical issues, had already taken shape; these features were developed further in his most famous novel.Between 1922 and 1926, Bulgakov wrote several plays (including Zoyka's Apartment), none of which were allowed production at the time. The Run, treating the horrors of a fratricidal war, was personally banned by Joseph Stalin after the Glavrepertkom (Department of Repertoire) decided that it "glorified emigration and White generals". In 1924, Bulgakov divorced his first wife and the next year married Lyubov Belozerskaya.
When one of Moscow's theatre directors severely criticised Bulgakov, Stalin personally protected him, saying that a writer of Bulgakov's quality was above "party words" like "left" and "right". Stalin found work for the playwright at a small Moscow theatre, and next the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT). Bulgakov's first major work was the novel The White Guard (Belaya gvardiya [Белая гвардия]), serialized in 1925 but never published in book form.
On 5 October 1926, The Days of the Turbins, the play which continued the theme of The White Guard (the fate of Russian intellectuals and officers of the Tsarist Army caught up in revolution and Civil war) was premiered at the MAT. Stalin liked it very much and reportedly saw it at least 15 times.His plays Ivan Vasilievich (Иван Васильевич), Don Quixote (Дон Кихот) and Last Days (Последние дни [Poslednie Dni], also called Pushkin) were banned. The premier of another, Moliėre (also known as The Cabal of Hypocrites), about the French dramatist in which Bulgakov plunged "into fairy Paris of the XVII century", received bad reviews in Pravda and the play was withdrawn from the theater repertoire. In 1928, Zoyka's Apartment and The Purple Island were staged in Moscow; both comedies were accepted by the public with great enthusiasm, but critics again gave them bad reviews. By March 1929, Bulgakov's career was ruined when Government censorship stopped the publication of any of his work and his plays.In despair, Bulgakov first wrote a personal letter to Joseph Stalin (July 1929), then on 28 March 1930, a letter to the Soviet government. He requested permission to emigrate if the Soviet Union could not find use for him as a writer. In his autobiography, Bulgakov claimed to have written to Stalin out of desperation and mental anguish, never intending to post the letter. He received a phone call directly from the Soviet leader, who asked the writer whether he really desired to leave the Soviet Union. Bulgakov replied that a Russian writer cannot live outside of his homeland. Stalin gave him permission to continue working at the Art Theater; on 10 May 1930, he re-joined the theater, as stage director's assistant. Later he adapted Gogol's Dead Souls for stage.In 1932, Bulgakov married for the third time, to Yelena Shilovskaya, who would prove to be inspiration for the character Margarita in his most famous novel, on which he started working in 1928. During the last decade of his life, Bulgakov continued to work on The Master and Margarita, wrote plays, critical works, and stories and made several translations and dramatisations of novels. Many of them were not published, others were "torn to pieces" by critics. Much of his work (ridiculing the Soviet system) stayed in his desk drawer for several decades. The refusal of the authorities to let him work in the theatre and his desire to see his family who were living abroad, whom he had not seen for many years, led him to seek drastic measures. Despite his new work, the projects he worked on at the theatre were often prohibited, and he was stressed and unhappy.
| 36
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"notable work",
"The Heart of a Dog"
] |
Works
During his life, Bulgakov was best known for the plays he contributed to Konstantin Stanislavski's and Nemirovich-Danchenko's Moscow Art Theatre. Stalin was known to be fond of the play Days of the Turbins (Дни Турбиных, 1926), which was based on Bulgakov's novel The White Guard. His dramatization of Molière's life in The Cabal of Hypocrites (Кабала святош, 1936) is still performed by the Moscow Art Theatre. Even after his plays were banned from the theatres, Bulgakov wrote a comedy about Ivan the Terrible's visit into 1930s Moscow. His play Batum (Батум, 1939) about the early years of Stalin was prohibited by the premier himself. Bulgakov later reflected his experience of being a Soviet playwright in Theatrical Novel (Театральный роман, 1936, unfinished).
Bulgakov began writing novels with The White Guard (Белая гвардия) (1923, partly published in 1925, first full edition 1927–1929, Paris) – a novel about a life of a White Army officer's family in civil war Kiev. In the mid-1920s, he came to admire the works of Alexander Belyaev and H. G. Wells and wrote several stories and novellas with elements of science fiction, notably The Fatal Eggs (Роковые яйца) (1924) and Heart of a Dog (Собачье сердце) (1925). He intended to compile his stories of the mid-twenties (published mostly in medical journals) that were based on his work as a country doctor in 1916–1918 into a collection titled Notes of a Young Doctor (Записки юного врача), but the book came out only in 1963.The Fatal Eggs tells of the events of a Professor Persikov, who, in experimentation with eggs, discovers a red ray that accelerates growth in living organisms. At the time, an illness passes through the chickens of Moscow, killing most of them, and to remedy the situation, the Soviet government puts the ray into use at a farm. Due to a mix-up in egg shipments, the Professor ends up with chicken eggs, while the government-run farm receives the shipment of ostrich, snake and crocodile eggs ordered by the Professor. The mistake is not discovered until the eggs produce giant monstrosities that wreak havoc in the suburbs of Moscow and kill most of the workers on the farm. The propaganda machine turns on Persikov, distorting his nature in the same way his "innocent" tampering created the monsters. This tale of a bungling government earned Bulgakov his label of counter-revolutionary.
Heart of a Dog features a professor who implants human testicles and a pituitary gland into a dog named Sharik (means "Little Balloon" or "Little Ball" – a popular Russian nickname for a male dog). The dog becomes more and more human as time passes, resulting in all manner of chaos. The tale can be read as a critical satire of liberal nihilism and the communist mentality. It contains a few bold hints to the communist leadership; e.g. the name of the drunkard donor of the human organ implants is Chugunkin ("chugun" is cast iron) which can be seen as a parody on the name of Stalin ("stal'" is steel). It was adapted as a comic opera called The Murder of Comrade Sharik by William Bergsma in 1973. In 1988, an award-winning film version Sobachye Serdtse was produced by Lenfilm, starring Yevgeniy Yevstigneyev, Roman Kartsev and Vladimir Tolokonnikov.Novellas and short stories
Notes on the Cuffs (1923)
Diaboliad (1924)
The Fatal Eggs (1925)
A Young Doctor's Notebook (1926/1963)
Heart of a Dog (1925/1968)
"Morphine" (1927)
"The Murderer" (1928)Great Soviet Short Stories (1962)
The Terrible News: Russian Stories from the Years Following the Revolution (1990)
Diaboliad and Other Stories (1990)
Notes on the Cuff & Other Stories (1991)
The Fatal Eggs and Other Soviet Satire, 1918–1963 (1993)
| 42
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"field of work",
"belletristic literature"
] |
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov (Russian: Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil ɐfɐˈnasʲjɪvʲɪdʑ bʊlˈɡakəf]; 15 May [O.S. 3 May] 1891 – 10 March 1940) was a Russian, later Soviet writer, medical doctor, and playwright active in the first half of the 20th century. He is best known for his novel The Master and Margarita, published posthumously, which has been called one of the masterpieces of the 20th century.He is also known for his novel The White Guard; his plays Ivan Vasilievich, Flight (also called The Run), and The Days of the Turbins; and other works of the 1920s and 1930s. He wrote mostly about the horrors of the Russian Civil War and about the fate of Russian intellectuals and officers of the Tsarist Army caught up in revolution and Civil War.Some of his works (Flight, all his works between the years 1922 and 1926, and others) were banned by the Soviet government, and personally by Joseph Stalin, after it was decided by them that they "glorified emigration and White generals". On the other hand, Stalin loved The Days of the Turbins (also called The Turbin Brothers) very much and reportedly saw it at least 15 times.
| 46
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"spouse",
"Yelena Bulgakova"
] |
After travelling through the Caucasus, Bulgakov headed for Moscow, intending "to remain here forever". It was difficult to find work in the capital, but he was appointed secretary to the literary section of Glavpolitprosvet (Central Committee of the Republic for Political Education). In September 1921, Bulgakov and his wife settled near Patriarch's Ponds, on Bolshaya Sadovaya street, 10 (now close to Mayakovskaya metro station). To make a living, he started working as a correspondent and feuilletons writer for the newspapers Gudok, Krasnaia Panorama and Nakanune, based in Berlin. For the almanac Nedra, he wrote Diaboliad, The Fatal Eggs (1924), and Heart of a Dog (1925), works that combined bitter satire and elements of science fiction and were concerned with the fate of a scientist and the misuse of his discovery. The most significant features of Bulgakov's satire, such as a skillful blending of fantastic and realistic elements, grotesque situations, and a concern with important ethical issues, had already taken shape; these features were developed further in his most famous novel.Between 1922 and 1926, Bulgakov wrote several plays (including Zoyka's Apartment), none of which were allowed production at the time. The Run, treating the horrors of a fratricidal war, was personally banned by Joseph Stalin after the Glavrepertkom (Department of Repertoire) decided that it "glorified emigration and White generals". In 1924, Bulgakov divorced his first wife and the next year married Lyubov Belozerskaya.
When one of Moscow's theatre directors severely criticised Bulgakov, Stalin personally protected him, saying that a writer of Bulgakov's quality was above "party words" like "left" and "right". Stalin found work for the playwright at a small Moscow theatre, and next the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT). Bulgakov's first major work was the novel The White Guard (Belaya gvardiya [Белая гвардия]), serialized in 1925 but never published in book form.
On 5 October 1926, The Days of the Turbins, the play which continued the theme of The White Guard (the fate of Russian intellectuals and officers of the Tsarist Army caught up in revolution and Civil war) was premiered at the MAT. Stalin liked it very much and reportedly saw it at least 15 times.His plays Ivan Vasilievich (Иван Васильевич), Don Quixote (Дон Кихот) and Last Days (Последние дни [Poslednie Dni], also called Pushkin) were banned. The premier of another, Moliėre (also known as The Cabal of Hypocrites), about the French dramatist in which Bulgakov plunged "into fairy Paris of the XVII century", received bad reviews in Pravda and the play was withdrawn from the theater repertoire. In 1928, Zoyka's Apartment and The Purple Island were staged in Moscow; both comedies were accepted by the public with great enthusiasm, but critics again gave them bad reviews. By March 1929, Bulgakov's career was ruined when Government censorship stopped the publication of any of his work and his plays.In despair, Bulgakov first wrote a personal letter to Joseph Stalin (July 1929), then on 28 March 1930, a letter to the Soviet government. He requested permission to emigrate if the Soviet Union could not find use for him as a writer. In his autobiography, Bulgakov claimed to have written to Stalin out of desperation and mental anguish, never intending to post the letter. He received a phone call directly from the Soviet leader, who asked the writer whether he really desired to leave the Soviet Union. Bulgakov replied that a Russian writer cannot live outside of his homeland. Stalin gave him permission to continue working at the Art Theater; on 10 May 1930, he re-joined the theater, as stage director's assistant. Later he adapted Gogol's Dead Souls for stage.In 1932, Bulgakov married for the third time, to Yelena Shilovskaya, who would prove to be inspiration for the character Margarita in his most famous novel, on which he started working in 1928. During the last decade of his life, Bulgakov continued to work on The Master and Margarita, wrote plays, critical works, and stories and made several translations and dramatisations of novels. Many of them were not published, others were "torn to pieces" by critics. Much of his work (ridiculing the Soviet system) stayed in his desk drawer for several decades. The refusal of the authorities to let him work in the theatre and his desire to see his family who were living abroad, whom he had not seen for many years, led him to seek drastic measures. Despite his new work, the projects he worked on at the theatre were often prohibited, and he was stressed and unhappy.
| 47
|
[
"Mikhail Bulgakov",
"manner of death",
"natural causes"
] |
"In front of me 327 pages of the manuscript (about 22 chapters). The most important remains – editing, and it's going to be hard, I will have to pay close attention to details. Maybe even re-write some things... 'What's its future?' you ask? I don't know. Possibly, you will store the manuscript in one of the drawers, next to my 'killed' plays, and occasionally it will be in your thoughts. Then again, you don't know the future. My own judgement of the book is already made and I think it truly deserves being hidden away in the darkness of some chest..."
In 1939, Mikhail Bulgakov organized a private reading of The Master and Margarita to his close circle of friends. Yelena Bulgakova remembered 30 years later, "When he finally finished reading that night, he said: 'Well, tomorrow I am taking the novel to the publisher!' and everyone was silent", "...Everyone sat paralyzed. Everything scared them. P. (P. A. Markov, in charge of the literature division of MAT) later at the door fearfully tried to explain to me that trying to publish the novel would cause terrible things", she wrote in her diary (14 May 1939).In the last month of his life, friends and relatives were constantly on duty at his bedside. On 10 March 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died from nephrotic syndrome (an inherited kidney disorder). His father had died of the same disease, and from his youth Bulgakov had guessed his future mortal diagnosis. On 11 March, a civil funeral was held in the building of the Union of Soviet Writers. Before the funeral, the Moscow sculptor Sergey Merkurov removed the death mask from his face. He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
| 52
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"writing language",
"Russian"
] |
Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky (born in 1874, Kiev, Russian Empire - died on March 17, 1951, Charolles, Department of Saône-et-Loire, France) was a Russian writer and a member of Russian apostolate.Biography
She was born into a military family, graduated from the Saint Petersburg Institute of Elizabethan, traveled to Europe and lived in Italy, where she made her debut as a singer in the lyrical La Scala Opera House in Milan. In 1898 Danilevsky married Sergei Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky, the younger brother of the historian Alexander Lappo-Danilevsky. After 1917 Nadezhda unsuccessfully tried to cross the border with Finland, was arrested and kept in jails of the Cheka, in 1920 with her children fled to Latvia. She lived in Warsaw and Berlin. In 1923 in Rome, it was received in audience by Pope Pius XI, and in 1924 in Paris she converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy. She was among the founders and active members of the Holy Trinity parish in Paris and participated in pastoral projects addressing charitable work, published in the parish edition of " Our parish ".
| 1
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"place of birth",
"Kyiv"
] |
Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky (born in 1874, Kiev, Russian Empire - died on March 17, 1951, Charolles, Department of Saône-et-Loire, France) was a Russian writer and a member of Russian apostolate.
| 6
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"field of work",
"singing"
] |
Biography
She was born into a military family, graduated from the Saint Petersburg Institute of Elizabethan, traveled to Europe and lived in Italy, where she made her debut as a singer in the lyrical La Scala Opera House in Milan. In 1898 Danilevsky married Sergei Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky, the younger brother of the historian Alexander Lappo-Danilevsky. After 1917 Nadezhda unsuccessfully tried to cross the border with Finland, was arrested and kept in jails of the Cheka, in 1920 with her children fled to Latvia. She lived in Warsaw and Berlin. In 1923 in Rome, it was received in audience by Pope Pius XI, and in 1924 in Paris she converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy. She was among the founders and active members of the Holy Trinity parish in Paris and participated in pastoral projects addressing charitable work, published in the parish edition of " Our parish ".
| 8
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"place of death",
"Charolles"
] |
Death
Danilevsky died on March 17, 1951, in Charolles, Department of Saône-et-Loire, France.
| 10
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"occupation",
"singer"
] |
Biography
She was born into a military family, graduated from the Saint Petersburg Institute of Elizabethan, traveled to Europe and lived in Italy, where she made her debut as a singer in the lyrical La Scala Opera House in Milan. In 1898 Danilevsky married Sergei Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky, the younger brother of the historian Alexander Lappo-Danilevsky. After 1917 Nadezhda unsuccessfully tried to cross the border with Finland, was arrested and kept in jails of the Cheka, in 1920 with her children fled to Latvia. She lived in Warsaw and Berlin. In 1923 in Rome, it was received in audience by Pope Pius XI, and in 1924 in Paris she converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy. She was among the founders and active members of the Holy Trinity parish in Paris and participated in pastoral projects addressing charitable work, published in the parish edition of " Our parish ".
| 15
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"spouse",
"Sergey Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky"
] |
Biography
She was born into a military family, graduated from the Saint Petersburg Institute of Elizabethan, traveled to Europe and lived in Italy, where she made her debut as a singer in the lyrical La Scala Opera House in Milan. In 1898 Danilevsky married Sergei Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky, the younger brother of the historian Alexander Lappo-Danilevsky. After 1917 Nadezhda unsuccessfully tried to cross the border with Finland, was arrested and kept in jails of the Cheka, in 1920 with her children fled to Latvia. She lived in Warsaw and Berlin. In 1923 in Rome, it was received in audience by Pope Pius XI, and in 1924 in Paris she converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy. She was among the founders and active members of the Holy Trinity parish in Paris and participated in pastoral projects addressing charitable work, published in the parish edition of " Our parish ".
| 16
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"family name",
"Lappo"
] |
Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky (born in 1874, Kiev, Russian Empire - died on March 17, 1951, Charolles, Department of Saône-et-Loire, France) was a Russian writer and a member of Russian apostolate.Biography
She was born into a military family, graduated from the Saint Petersburg Institute of Elizabethan, traveled to Europe and lived in Italy, where she made her debut as a singer in the lyrical La Scala Opera House in Milan. In 1898 Danilevsky married Sergei Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky, the younger brother of the historian Alexander Lappo-Danilevsky. After 1917 Nadezhda unsuccessfully tried to cross the border with Finland, was arrested and kept in jails of the Cheka, in 1920 with her children fled to Latvia. She lived in Warsaw and Berlin. In 1923 in Rome, it was received in audience by Pope Pius XI, and in 1924 in Paris she converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy. She was among the founders and active members of the Holy Trinity parish in Paris and participated in pastoral projects addressing charitable work, published in the parish edition of " Our parish ".
| 20
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"family name",
"Danilevsky"
] |
Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky (born in 1874, Kiev, Russian Empire - died on March 17, 1951, Charolles, Department of Saône-et-Loire, France) was a Russian writer and a member of Russian apostolate.Biography
She was born into a military family, graduated from the Saint Petersburg Institute of Elizabethan, traveled to Europe and lived in Italy, where she made her debut as a singer in the lyrical La Scala Opera House in Milan. In 1898 Danilevsky married Sergei Sergeyevich Lappo-Danilevsky, the younger brother of the historian Alexander Lappo-Danilevsky. After 1917 Nadezhda unsuccessfully tried to cross the border with Finland, was arrested and kept in jails of the Cheka, in 1920 with her children fled to Latvia. She lived in Warsaw and Berlin. In 1923 in Rome, it was received in audience by Pope Pius XI, and in 1924 in Paris she converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy. She was among the founders and active members of the Holy Trinity parish in Paris and participated in pastoral projects addressing charitable work, published in the parish edition of " Our parish ".
| 21
|
[
"Nadezhda Lappo-Danilevsky",
"field of work",
"Catholic literature"
] |
Creativity
The first publication of the author published in 1911 was the poem "When the darkness of night ... will fall." Next Lapo-Danilevskaya became known as a writer for his novels: in 1911 published "In the mist of life" in 1912 - "Wife Minister" (Special Edition - 1913 and called "empty shell" came reprint in Riga in 1927). In 1914 published "Princess Mara" and wrote the following "Russian master," is the most famous work of Lapo-Danilevsky. In the novel, on the background of the family drama of the main characters in the image of the illiterate rural priest guessed figure Grigori Rasputin. The novel "Tinsel" published in 1916, in 1917 - "long life" (reprint in Berlin in 1922). While still in Petrograd conceived series under the title "collapse", consisting of parts of the "collapse", "collapse", "On whom wine," and "Let there be light," a work was published in Berlin in 1921 - 1922. In 1922 she wrote a novel "Catherine Nikitishna" also published in Berlin. Catholic subjects begins clearly present in the works of the writer from the novel "Fortunately," written in Paris in 1925 and then continued in the story in 1926, "had a row", as it is devoted to Russian Catholics.
Immigration and the role of personal awareness of this phenomenon. Subject prerevolutionary Russia shows novels "The Manor" (Paris, 1928), and "Millions Burlakova" (first published in Riga in 1929, and the second, entitled "On the Volga" reprinted in Shanghai in 1937.
According to the accounting literature issued in Turgenev Library in Paris, in 1930 Lappo-Danilevsky was among 15 of the most widely read authors. However, critics raised on the ideals of public service, were sometimes unfairly harsh on her works.
| 22
|
[
"Ivan Chigrinov",
"languages spoken, written or signed",
"Belarusian"
] |
Ivan Čyhrynaŭ (Belarusian: Іван Чыгрынаў) (1934–5 January 1996) was a Belarusian writer. He was a writer for the magazine, "Połymia".He graduated from the philology department of Belarusian State University in 1957, and began publishing works in 1961. He wrote short story collections such as The Birds Fly to Freedom (1965), The Happiest Man (1967), and A Man Went to War (1973), mainly around the hardships and heroism of regular people during World War II. His novels The Quail’s Cry (1972) and Blood Acquittal (1977) also deal with war themes, set during the German-Soviet War of 1941–45. He is a recipient of the State Prize of the Byelorussian SSR, awarded in 1974.
| 0
|
[
"Ivan Chigrinov",
"writing language",
"Belarusian"
] |
Ivan Čyhrynaŭ (Belarusian: Іван Чыгрынаў) (1934–5 January 1996) was a Belarusian writer. He was a writer for the magazine, "Połymia".He graduated from the philology department of Belarusian State University in 1957, and began publishing works in 1961. He wrote short story collections such as The Birds Fly to Freedom (1965), The Happiest Man (1967), and A Man Went to War (1973), mainly around the hardships and heroism of regular people during World War II. His novels The Quail’s Cry (1972) and Blood Acquittal (1977) also deal with war themes, set during the German-Soviet War of 1941–45. He is a recipient of the State Prize of the Byelorussian SSR, awarded in 1974.
| 1
|
[
"Ivan Chigrinov",
"given name",
"Ivan"
] |
Ivan Čyhrynaŭ (Belarusian: Іван Чыгрынаў) (1934–5 January 1996) was a Belarusian writer. He was a writer for the magazine, "Połymia".He graduated from the philology department of Belarusian State University in 1957, and began publishing works in 1961. He wrote short story collections such as The Birds Fly to Freedom (1965), The Happiest Man (1967), and A Man Went to War (1973), mainly around the hardships and heroism of regular people during World War II. His novels The Quail’s Cry (1972) and Blood Acquittal (1977) also deal with war themes, set during the German-Soviet War of 1941–45. He is a recipient of the State Prize of the Byelorussian SSR, awarded in 1974.
| 9
|
[
"Ivan Chigrinov",
"occupation",
"writer"
] |
Ivan Čyhrynaŭ (Belarusian: Іван Чыгрынаў) (1934–5 January 1996) was a Belarusian writer. He was a writer for the magazine, "Połymia".He graduated from the philology department of Belarusian State University in 1957, and began publishing works in 1961. He wrote short story collections such as The Birds Fly to Freedom (1965), The Happiest Man (1967), and A Man Went to War (1973), mainly around the hardships and heroism of regular people during World War II. His novels The Quail’s Cry (1972) and Blood Acquittal (1977) also deal with war themes, set during the German-Soviet War of 1941–45. He is a recipient of the State Prize of the Byelorussian SSR, awarded in 1974.
| 16
|
[
"Ivan Chigrinov",
"sex or gender",
"male"
] |
Ivan Čyhrynaŭ (Belarusian: Іван Чыгрынаў) (1934–5 January 1996) was a Belarusian writer. He was a writer for the magazine, "Połymia".He graduated from the philology department of Belarusian State University in 1957, and began publishing works in 1961. He wrote short story collections such as The Birds Fly to Freedom (1965), The Happiest Man (1967), and A Man Went to War (1973), mainly around the hardships and heroism of regular people during World War II. His novels The Quail’s Cry (1972) and Blood Acquittal (1977) also deal with war themes, set during the German-Soviet War of 1941–45. He is a recipient of the State Prize of the Byelorussian SSR, awarded in 1974.
| 19
|
[
"Ivan Chigrinov",
"educated at",
"Faculty of Philology of the Belarusian State University"
] |
Ivan Čyhrynaŭ (Belarusian: Іван Чыгрынаў) (1934–5 January 1996) was a Belarusian writer. He was a writer for the magazine, "Połymia".He graduated from the philology department of Belarusian State University in 1957, and began publishing works in 1961. He wrote short story collections such as The Birds Fly to Freedom (1965), The Happiest Man (1967), and A Man Went to War (1973), mainly around the hardships and heroism of regular people during World War II. His novels The Quail’s Cry (1972) and Blood Acquittal (1977) also deal with war themes, set during the German-Soviet War of 1941–45. He is a recipient of the State Prize of the Byelorussian SSR, awarded in 1974.
| 29
|
[
"Sharon Salzberg",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Early life
Born in New York City to a Jewish family, Salzberg had a troubled early life after her parents divorced when she was four and her father abandoned the family. At nine, her mother died and she went to live with her father's parents. Though her father returned when she was eleven, he soon overdosed and was subsequently hospitalized. He was placed in the mental health system, where he remained until his death. By 16, Salzberg had lived with five different families.
In her sophomore year at the State University of New York, Buffalo in 1969, Salzberg encountered Buddhism during a course in Asian philosophy. The following year, she took an independent study trip to India, and in January 1971 attended her first intensive meditation course at Bodh Gaya. In the next several years, she engaged in intensive study with various Buddhist teachers including S.N. Goenka. After returning to US in 1974, she began teaching vipassana (insight) meditation.Salzberg had a health emergency in February 2019 of which details were not disclosed.
| 0
|
[
"Sharon Salzberg",
"place of birth",
"New York City"
] |
Early life
Born in New York City to a Jewish family, Salzberg had a troubled early life after her parents divorced when she was four and her father abandoned the family. At nine, her mother died and she went to live with her father's parents. Though her father returned when she was eleven, he soon overdosed and was subsequently hospitalized. He was placed in the mental health system, where he remained until his death. By 16, Salzberg had lived with five different families.
In her sophomore year at the State University of New York, Buffalo in 1969, Salzberg encountered Buddhism during a course in Asian philosophy. The following year, she took an independent study trip to India, and in January 1971 attended her first intensive meditation course at Bodh Gaya. In the next several years, she engaged in intensive study with various Buddhist teachers including S.N. Goenka. After returning to US in 1974, she began teaching vipassana (insight) meditation.Salzberg had a health emergency in February 2019 of which details were not disclosed.
| 6
|
[
"Sharon Salzberg",
"movement",
"Buddhism"
] |
Career
Salzberg is a student of Dipa Ma, Anagarika Munindra, Sayadaw U Pandita and other Asian masters. She, Jack Kornfield and Joseph Goldstein founded the Insight Meditation Society at Barre, Massachusetts, in 1974. She and Goldstein co-founded the Barre Center for Buddhist Studies in 1989 and The Forest Refuge, a long-term meditation retreat center 9 years later. Today, she is a notable teacher of the Vipassana movement.
An in-depth interview with Salzberg appears in the book Meetings with Remarkable Women: Buddhist Teachers in America, by Lenore Friedman. (Boston:Shambhala, Revised and Updated edition, 2000. ISBN 1-57062-474-7)
| 8
|
[
"Sharon Salzberg",
"family name",
"Salzberg"
] |
Early life
Born in New York City to a Jewish family, Salzberg had a troubled early life after her parents divorced when she was four and her father abandoned the family. At nine, her mother died and she went to live with her father's parents. Though her father returned when she was eleven, he soon overdosed and was subsequently hospitalized. He was placed in the mental health system, where he remained until his death. By 16, Salzberg had lived with five different families.
In her sophomore year at the State University of New York, Buffalo in 1969, Salzberg encountered Buddhism during a course in Asian philosophy. The following year, she took an independent study trip to India, and in January 1971 attended her first intensive meditation course at Bodh Gaya. In the next several years, she engaged in intensive study with various Buddhist teachers including S.N. Goenka. After returning to US in 1974, she began teaching vipassana (insight) meditation.Salzberg had a health emergency in February 2019 of which details were not disclosed.
| 16
|
[
"José Cuneo",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
José Cuneo (born 1965) is an Argentine comics artist, painter and illustrator.
Born in Buenos Aires, Cuneo's father was a doctor and his mother a teacher. He moved to France in 1986. He has drawn for Pif Gadget and Gai pied, and has also created public service comics to raise awareness of the threat of AIDS. Like his precursor Copi, he is openly gay and uses his work to candidly address issues of gay life.
Cuneo's work is characterized by stylized figures with eyes facing in all directions. As a painter, he has exhibited his work in Paris and Amsterdam
| 0
|
[
"José Cuneo",
"country of citizenship",
"Argentina"
] |
José Cuneo (born 1965) is an Argentine comics artist, painter and illustrator.
Born in Buenos Aires, Cuneo's father was a doctor and his mother a teacher. He moved to France in 1986. He has drawn for Pif Gadget and Gai pied, and has also created public service comics to raise awareness of the threat of AIDS. Like his precursor Copi, he is openly gay and uses his work to candidly address issues of gay life.
Cuneo's work is characterized by stylized figures with eyes facing in all directions. As a painter, he has exhibited his work in Paris and Amsterdam
| 2
|
[
"José Cuneo",
"place of birth",
"Buenos Aires"
] |
José Cuneo (born 1965) is an Argentine comics artist, painter and illustrator.
Born in Buenos Aires, Cuneo's father was a doctor and his mother a teacher. He moved to France in 1986. He has drawn for Pif Gadget and Gai pied, and has also created public service comics to raise awareness of the threat of AIDS. Like his precursor Copi, he is openly gay and uses his work to candidly address issues of gay life.
Cuneo's work is characterized by stylized figures with eyes facing in all directions. As a painter, he has exhibited his work in Paris and Amsterdam
| 4
|
[
"José Cuneo",
"movement",
"LGBT"
] |
José Cuneo (born 1965) is an Argentine comics artist, painter and illustrator.
Born in Buenos Aires, Cuneo's father was a doctor and his mother a teacher. He moved to France in 1986. He has drawn for Pif Gadget and Gai pied, and has also created public service comics to raise awareness of the threat of AIDS. Like his precursor Copi, he is openly gay and uses his work to candidly address issues of gay life.
Cuneo's work is characterized by stylized figures with eyes facing in all directions. As a painter, he has exhibited his work in Paris and Amsterdam
| 5
|
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