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[
"The President (Rick and Morty)",
"based on",
"Barack Obama"
] |
President Curtis, often simply referred to as The President, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated television series Rick and Morty. Voiced by Keith David and created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman, based on then-sitting Presidents of the United States Barack Obama and Donald Trump in his first two appearances, the President shares a love–hate relationship with Rick Sanchez, often alternating between calling upon him and his grandson Morty Smith to protect America from various threats, to attempting to have him arrested or killed. In "Edge of Tomorty: Rick Die Rickpeat", an alternate reality version of the President's name is stated to be M. Romney (in reference to Mitt Romney) while in all of his later appearances, is addressed as Curtis. Known for his abrasive, pompous personality and humorous incompetence, the character has received a positive critical reception.In December 2022, the President was added as a playable character in the role-playing video game Pocket Mortys.Development
The character was created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman for the 2015 Rick and Morty second season episode "Get Schwifty", initially written as a generic unnamed stand-in for then-sitting President of the United States Barack Obama. In September 2017, Dan Harmon confirmed that the writing for the tail-end of the series' third season had occurred during Donald Trump's then-ongoing presidential campaign was inspired by "the idea of a cartoonishly bad president" for the character's appearance in "The Rickchurian Mortydate" in contrast to their original depiction, following "how out of control presidential power has gotten"; by the time the episode aired in October 2017, Trump had been elected and serving in the office for almost a year. Keith David, who voices the character, previously voiced a fictionalised version of himself as Vice President of the United States in the 2013 video game Saints Row IV, and Reverse Giraffe in "Total Rickall".
| 1
|
[
"The President (Rick and Morty)",
"based on",
"Donald Trump"
] |
President Curtis, often simply referred to as The President, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated television series Rick and Morty. Voiced by Keith David and created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman, based on then-sitting Presidents of the United States Barack Obama and Donald Trump in his first two appearances, the President shares a love–hate relationship with Rick Sanchez, often alternating between calling upon him and his grandson Morty Smith to protect America from various threats, to attempting to have him arrested or killed. In "Edge of Tomorty: Rick Die Rickpeat", an alternate reality version of the President's name is stated to be M. Romney (in reference to Mitt Romney) while in all of his later appearances, is addressed as Curtis. Known for his abrasive, pompous personality and humorous incompetence, the character has received a positive critical reception.In December 2022, the President was added as a playable character in the role-playing video game Pocket Mortys.
| 4
|
[
"The President (Rick and Morty)",
"sex or gender",
"male"
] |
President Curtis, often simply referred to as The President, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated television series Rick and Morty. Voiced by Keith David and created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman, based on then-sitting Presidents of the United States Barack Obama and Donald Trump in his first two appearances, the President shares a love–hate relationship with Rick Sanchez, often alternating between calling upon him and his grandson Morty Smith to protect America from various threats, to attempting to have him arrested or killed. In "Edge of Tomorty: Rick Die Rickpeat", an alternate reality version of the President's name is stated to be M. Romney (in reference to Mitt Romney) while in all of his later appearances, is addressed as Curtis. Known for his abrasive, pompous personality and humorous incompetence, the character has received a positive critical reception.In December 2022, the President was added as a playable character in the role-playing video game Pocket Mortys.
| 5
|
[
"The President (Rick and Morty)",
"creator",
"Wes Archer"
] |
President Curtis, often simply referred to as The President, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated television series Rick and Morty. Voiced by Keith David and created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman, based on then-sitting Presidents of the United States Barack Obama and Donald Trump in his first two appearances, the President shares a love–hate relationship with Rick Sanchez, often alternating between calling upon him and his grandson Morty Smith to protect America from various threats, to attempting to have him arrested or killed. In "Edge of Tomorty: Rick Die Rickpeat", an alternate reality version of the President's name is stated to be M. Romney (in reference to Mitt Romney) while in all of his later appearances, is addressed as Curtis. Known for his abrasive, pompous personality and humorous incompetence, the character has received a positive critical reception.In December 2022, the President was added as a playable character in the role-playing video game Pocket Mortys.
| 7
|
[
"The President (Rick and Morty)",
"creator",
"Tom Kauffman"
] |
President Curtis, often simply referred to as The President, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated television series Rick and Morty. Voiced by Keith David and created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman, based on then-sitting Presidents of the United States Barack Obama and Donald Trump in his first two appearances, the President shares a love–hate relationship with Rick Sanchez, often alternating between calling upon him and his grandson Morty Smith to protect America from various threats, to attempting to have him arrested or killed. In "Edge of Tomorty: Rick Die Rickpeat", an alternate reality version of the President's name is stated to be M. Romney (in reference to Mitt Romney) while in all of his later appearances, is addressed as Curtis. Known for his abrasive, pompous personality and humorous incompetence, the character has received a positive critical reception.In December 2022, the President was added as a playable character in the role-playing video game Pocket Mortys.Development
The character was created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman for the 2015 Rick and Morty second season episode "Get Schwifty", initially written as a generic unnamed stand-in for then-sitting President of the United States Barack Obama. In September 2017, Dan Harmon confirmed that the writing for the tail-end of the series' third season had occurred during Donald Trump's then-ongoing presidential campaign was inspired by "the idea of a cartoonishly bad president" for the character's appearance in "The Rickchurian Mortydate" in contrast to their original depiction, following "how out of control presidential power has gotten"; by the time the episode aired in October 2017, Trump had been elected and serving in the office for almost a year. Keith David, who voices the character, previously voiced a fictionalised version of himself as Vice President of the United States in the 2013 video game Saints Row IV, and Reverse Giraffe in "Total Rickall".
| 10
|
[
"The President (Rick and Morty)",
"instance of",
"fictional human"
] |
President Curtis, often simply referred to as The President, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated television series Rick and Morty. Voiced by Keith David and created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman, based on then-sitting Presidents of the United States Barack Obama and Donald Trump in his first two appearances, the President shares a love–hate relationship with Rick Sanchez, often alternating between calling upon him and his grandson Morty Smith to protect America from various threats, to attempting to have him arrested or killed. In "Edge of Tomorty: Rick Die Rickpeat", an alternate reality version of the President's name is stated to be M. Romney (in reference to Mitt Romney) while in all of his later appearances, is addressed as Curtis. Known for his abrasive, pompous personality and humorous incompetence, the character has received a positive critical reception.In December 2022, the President was added as a playable character in the role-playing video game Pocket Mortys.
| 12
|
[
"The President (Rick and Morty)",
"present in work",
"Rick and Morty"
] |
President Curtis, often simply referred to as The President, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated television series Rick and Morty. Voiced by Keith David and created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman, based on then-sitting Presidents of the United States Barack Obama and Donald Trump in his first two appearances, the President shares a love–hate relationship with Rick Sanchez, often alternating between calling upon him and his grandson Morty Smith to protect America from various threats, to attempting to have him arrested or killed. In "Edge of Tomorty: Rick Die Rickpeat", an alternate reality version of the President's name is stated to be M. Romney (in reference to Mitt Romney) while in all of his later appearances, is addressed as Curtis. Known for his abrasive, pompous personality and humorous incompetence, the character has received a positive critical reception.In December 2022, the President was added as a playable character in the role-playing video game Pocket Mortys.
| 13
|
[
"The President (Rick and Morty)",
"instance of",
"animated character"
] |
President Curtis, often simply referred to as The President, is a recurring fictional character in the American animated television series Rick and Morty. Voiced by Keith David and created by Wes Archer and Tom Kauffman, based on then-sitting Presidents of the United States Barack Obama and Donald Trump in his first two appearances, the President shares a love–hate relationship with Rick Sanchez, often alternating between calling upon him and his grandson Morty Smith to protect America from various threats, to attempting to have him arrested or killed. In "Edge of Tomorty: Rick Die Rickpeat", an alternate reality version of the President's name is stated to be M. Romney (in reference to Mitt Romney) while in all of his later appearances, is addressed as Curtis. Known for his abrasive, pompous personality and humorous incompetence, the character has received a positive critical reception.In December 2022, the President was added as a playable character in the role-playing video game Pocket Mortys.
| 14
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"based on",
"MediaWiki"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.Authors
Semantic MediaWiki was initially created by Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandečić and Max Völkel, and was first released in 2005. Its development was initially funded by the EU-funded FP6 project SEKT (CORDIS site), and was later supported in part by Institute AIFB of the University of Karlsruhe (later renamed the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Currently James Hong Kong is the lead developer as of 2017, while the other core developer is Jeroen De Dauw.
| 0
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"main subject",
"MediaWiki"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.
| 1
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"instance of",
"free software"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.Authors
Semantic MediaWiki was initially created by Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandečić and Max Völkel, and was first released in 2005. Its development was initially funded by the EU-funded FP6 project SEKT (CORDIS site), and was later supported in part by Institute AIFB of the University of Karlsruhe (later renamed the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Currently James Hong Kong is the lead developer as of 2017, while the other core developer is Jeroen De Dauw.
| 3
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"instance of",
"knowledge management software"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.
| 7
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"instance of",
"MediaWiki extension"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.Authors
Semantic MediaWiki was initially created by Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandečić and Max Völkel, and was first released in 2005. Its development was initially funded by the EU-funded FP6 project SEKT (CORDIS site), and was later supported in part by Institute AIFB of the University of Karlsruhe (later renamed the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Currently James Hong Kong is the lead developer as of 2017, while the other core developer is Jeroen De Dauw.
| 8
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"main subject",
"ontology"
] |
Authors
Semantic MediaWiki was initially created by Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandečić and Max Völkel, and was first released in 2005. Its development was initially funded by the EU-funded FP6 project SEKT (CORDIS site), and was later supported in part by Institute AIFB of the University of Karlsruhe (later renamed the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Currently James Hong Kong is the lead developer as of 2017, while the other core developer is Jeroen De Dauw.
| 10
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"has use",
"semantic wiki"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.
| 11
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"main subject",
"data management"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.Authors
Semantic MediaWiki was initially created by Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandečić and Max Völkel, and was first released in 2005. Its development was initially funded by the EU-funded FP6 project SEKT (CORDIS site), and was later supported in part by Institute AIFB of the University of Karlsruhe (later renamed the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Currently James Hong Kong is the lead developer as of 2017, while the other core developer is Jeroen De Dauw.
| 13
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"creator",
"Denny Vrandečić"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.Authors
Semantic MediaWiki was initially created by Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandečić and Max Völkel, and was first released in 2005. Its development was initially funded by the EU-funded FP6 project SEKT (CORDIS site), and was later supported in part by Institute AIFB of the University of Karlsruhe (later renamed the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Currently James Hong Kong is the lead developer as of 2017, while the other core developer is Jeroen De Dauw.
| 15
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"creator",
"Markus Krötzsch"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.Authors
Semantic MediaWiki was initially created by Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandečić and Max Völkel, and was first released in 2005. Its development was initially funded by the EU-funded FP6 project SEKT (CORDIS site), and was later supported in part by Institute AIFB of the University of Karlsruhe (later renamed the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Currently James Hong Kong is the lead developer as of 2017, while the other core developer is Jeroen De Dauw.
| 42
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"main subject",
"Semantic Web"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.Authors
Semantic MediaWiki was initially created by Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandečić and Max Völkel, and was first released in 2005. Its development was initially funded by the EU-funded FP6 project SEKT (CORDIS site), and was later supported in part by Institute AIFB of the University of Karlsruhe (later renamed the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Currently James Hong Kong is the lead developer as of 2017, while the other core developer is Jeroen De Dauw.
| 43
|
[
"Semantic MediaWiki",
"maintained by",
"gesinn.it GmbH & Co. KG"
] |
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.
| 44
|
[
"BlueSpice",
"based on",
"MediaWiki"
] |
History
The German company Hallo Welt! has been working on the development of an open source wiki based on MediaWiki since 2007. The origins of the later BlueSpice software go back to an initiative by the IBM CTO Gunter Dueck, who initiated an internal company wiki for IBM Germany in 2007 under the name "bluepedia". The model for the bluepedia project was Wikipedia and accordingly the platform was based on MediaWiki. However, in daily operation, additional requirements arose for the software used. This led to the founding of a company that would develop and provide the missing functions in the future.
In 2011, Hallo Welt! decided to publish their wiki as free and open-source software. The stable version of BlueSpice for MediaWiki was released July 4, 2011.: 28 From this point on, a free download has been available at SourceForge. A key feature of the software was the provision of a WYSIWYG editor, which at the time was based on the TinyMCE editor.In Autumn 2013, Hallo Welt! released the completely reworked version BlueSpice 2. According to the BlueSpice developers this release aims for opening up BlueSpice for freelance developers in the global MediaWiki community and multiple language versions.In 2014, BlueSpice for MediaWiki became a project of Translatewiki.net. In January 2015 the developers announced that they will change to a subscription model.Functionality and techology
BlueSpice is written in the PHP programming language and uses MySQL, Apache/IIS, Tomcat. BlueSpice is released in a free edition and two paid editions. The free edition adds more than 50 extensions to a MediaWiki, mainly in the areas of:
| 0
|
[
"BlueSpice",
"instance of",
"free software"
] |
BlueSpice is free wiki software based on the MediaWiki engine and licensed with the GNU General Public License. It is especially developed for businesses as an enterprise wiki distribution for MediaWiki and used in over 150 countries.
The freely available version BlueSpice free is considered one of the most popular wiki computer programs for knowledge management in companies.History
The German company Hallo Welt! has been working on the development of an open source wiki based on MediaWiki since 2007. The origins of the later BlueSpice software go back to an initiative by the IBM CTO Gunter Dueck, who initiated an internal company wiki for IBM Germany in 2007 under the name "bluepedia". The model for the bluepedia project was Wikipedia and accordingly the platform was based on MediaWiki. However, in daily operation, additional requirements arose for the software used. This led to the founding of a company that would develop and provide the missing functions in the future.
In 2011, Hallo Welt! decided to publish their wiki as free and open-source software. The stable version of BlueSpice for MediaWiki was released July 4, 2011.: 28 From this point on, a free download has been available at SourceForge. A key feature of the software was the provision of a WYSIWYG editor, which at the time was based on the TinyMCE editor.In Autumn 2013, Hallo Welt! released the completely reworked version BlueSpice 2. According to the BlueSpice developers this release aims for opening up BlueSpice for freelance developers in the global MediaWiki community and multiple language versions.In 2014, BlueSpice for MediaWiki became a project of Translatewiki.net. In January 2015 the developers announced that they will change to a subscription model.Functionality and techology
BlueSpice is written in the PHP programming language and uses MySQL, Apache/IIS, Tomcat. BlueSpice is released in a free edition and two paid editions. The free edition adds more than 50 extensions to a MediaWiki, mainly in the areas of:
| 4
|
[
"BlueSpice",
"instance of",
"MediaWiki extension"
] |
History
The German company Hallo Welt! has been working on the development of an open source wiki based on MediaWiki since 2007. The origins of the later BlueSpice software go back to an initiative by the IBM CTO Gunter Dueck, who initiated an internal company wiki for IBM Germany in 2007 under the name "bluepedia". The model for the bluepedia project was Wikipedia and accordingly the platform was based on MediaWiki. However, in daily operation, additional requirements arose for the software used. This led to the founding of a company that would develop and provide the missing functions in the future.
In 2011, Hallo Welt! decided to publish their wiki as free and open-source software. The stable version of BlueSpice for MediaWiki was released July 4, 2011.: 28 From this point on, a free download has been available at SourceForge. A key feature of the software was the provision of a WYSIWYG editor, which at the time was based on the TinyMCE editor.In Autumn 2013, Hallo Welt! released the completely reworked version BlueSpice 2. According to the BlueSpice developers this release aims for opening up BlueSpice for freelance developers in the global MediaWiki community and multiple language versions.In 2014, BlueSpice for MediaWiki became a project of Translatewiki.net. In January 2015 the developers announced that they will change to a subscription model.Functionality and techology
BlueSpice is written in the PHP programming language and uses MySQL, Apache/IIS, Tomcat. BlueSpice is released in a free edition and two paid editions. The free edition adds more than 50 extensions to a MediaWiki, mainly in the areas of:
| 6
|
[
"Wikibase",
"developer",
"Wikimedia Deutschland"
] |
Wikibase is a set of MediaWiki extensions for working with versioned semi-structured data in a central repository based upon JSON instead of the unstructured data of MediaWiki wikitext. Its primary components are the Wikibase Repository, an extension for storing and managing data, and the Wikibase Client which allows for the retrieval and embedding of structured data from a wikibase repository. Wikibase was developed for and is used by Wikidata, by Wikimedia Deutschland.
The data model for Wikibase links consists of "entities" which include individual "items", labels or identifier to describe them (potentially in multiple languages), and semantic statements that attribute "properties" to the item. These properties may either be other items within the database, or textual information.Wikibase has a JavaScript-based user interface, and provides exports of all or subsets of data in many formats. Projects using it include Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons, Europeana's Eagle Project, Lingua Libre, and the OpenStreetMap wiki.
| 7
|
[
"Brandy",
"based on",
"wine"
] |
Technology
Except for a few major producers, brandy production and consumption tend to have a regional character, and thus production methods significantly vary. Wine brandy is produced from a variety of grape cultivars. A special selection of cultivars, providing distinct aroma and character, is used for high-quality brandies, while cheaper ones are made from whichever wine is available.Brandy is made from so-called base wine, which significantly differs from regular table wines. It is made from early grapes to achieve higher acid concentration and lower sugar levels. Base wine generally contains smaller amounts (up to 20 mg/L) of sulphur than regular wines, as it creates undesired copper(II) sulfate in reaction with copper in the pot stills. The yeast sediment produced during the fermentation may or may not be kept in the wine, depending on the brandy style.Brandy is distilled from the base wine in two phases. First, a large part of water and solids is removed from the base, obtaining so-called "low wine", a concentrated wine with 28–30% ABV. In the second stage, low wine is distilled into brandy. The liquid exits the pot still in three phases, referred to as the "heads", "heart", and "tails", respectively. The first part, the "head," has an alcohol concentration of about 83% (166 US proof) and an unpleasant odour. The weak portion on the end, the "tail", is discarded along with the head, and they are generally mixed with another batch of low wine, thereby entering the distillation cycle again. The middle heart fraction, the richest in aromas and flavours, is preserved for later maturation.Distillation does not simply enhance the alcohol content of wine. The heat under which the product is distilled and the material of the still (usually copper) cause chemical reactions during distillation. This leads to the formation of numerous new volatile aroma components, changes in relative amounts of aroma components in the wine, and the hydrolysis of components such as esters.
Brandy is usually produced in pot stills (batch distillation), but the column still can also be used for continuous distillation. The distillate obtained in this manner has a higher alcohol concentration (approximately 90% ABV) and is less aromatic. The choice of the apparatus depends on the style of brandy produced. Cognac and South African brandy are examples of brandy produced in batches while many American brandies use fractional distillation in column stills.
| 1
|
[
"CyanogenMod",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
CyanogenMod 11
On 6 November 2013 the CyanogenMod team started pushing the code of CyanogenMod 11, based on Android 4.4 KitKat, to GitHub. The first nightly release of CyanogenMod 11.0 began rolling out for a selected number of devices on 5 December 2013. Since then, M-builds have been released every month for supported devices, offering a more stable experience than nightlies. With build M6 it was clarified that CyanogenMod would no longer be releasing final builds specially tagged "stable", but instead would utilize the rolling release model with M-builds representing a stable channel.The global OnePlus One is shipped with a variant of CyanogenMod 11 M9 known as "CyanogenMod 11S". The latest version of CyanogenMod 11S for the One is 11.0-XNPH05Q, based on CyanogenMod 11 M11 and Android 4.4.4 "KitKat", and was released as an over-the-air (OTA) update in February 2015.
| 0
|
[
"CyanogenMod",
"named after",
"cyanogen"
] |
CyanogenMod ( sy-AN-oh-jen-mod; CM) is a discontinued open-source operating system for mobile devices, based on the Android mobile platform. It was developed as free and open-source software based on the official releases of Android by Google, with added original and third-party code, and based on a rolling release development model. Although only a subset of total CyanogenMod users elected to report their use of the firmware, on 23 March 2015, some reports indicated that over 50 million people ran CyanogenMod on their phones. It was also frequently used as a starting point by developers of other ROMs.
In 2013, the founder, Stefanie Kondik, obtained venture funding under the name Cyanogen Inc. to allow commercialization of the project. However, the company did not, in her view, capitalize on the project's success, and in 2016 she left or was forced out as part of a corporate restructure, which involved a change of CEO, closure of offices and projects, and cessation of services, and therefore left uncertainty over the future of the company. The code itself, being open source, was later forked, and its development continues as a community project under the LineageOS name.CyanogenMod offered features and options not found in the official firmware distributed by mobile device vendors. Features supported by CyanogenMod included native theme support, FLAC audio codec support, a large Access Point Name list, Privacy Guard (per-application permission management application), support for tethering over common interfaces, CPU overclocking and other performance enhancements, unlockable bootloader and root access, soft buttons, status bar customisation and other "tablet tweaks", toggles in the notification pull-down (such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and GPS), and other interface enhancements. CyanogenMod did not contain spyware or bloatware, according to its developers. CyanogenMod was also said to increase performance and reliability compared with official firmware releases.The name CyanogenMod derived from cyanogen (the name of a chemical compound adopted as a nickname by Kondik) + Mod (a term for user-developed modifications, known as modding).
| 4
|
[
"CyanogenMod",
"instance of",
"mobile operating system"
] |
CyanogenMod ( sy-AN-oh-jen-mod; CM) is a discontinued open-source operating system for mobile devices, based on the Android mobile platform. It was developed as free and open-source software based on the official releases of Android by Google, with added original and third-party code, and based on a rolling release development model. Although only a subset of total CyanogenMod users elected to report their use of the firmware, on 23 March 2015, some reports indicated that over 50 million people ran CyanogenMod on their phones. It was also frequently used as a starting point by developers of other ROMs.
In 2013, the founder, Stefanie Kondik, obtained venture funding under the name Cyanogen Inc. to allow commercialization of the project. However, the company did not, in her view, capitalize on the project's success, and in 2016 she left or was forced out as part of a corporate restructure, which involved a change of CEO, closure of offices and projects, and cessation of services, and therefore left uncertainty over the future of the company. The code itself, being open source, was later forked, and its development continues as a community project under the LineageOS name.CyanogenMod offered features and options not found in the official firmware distributed by mobile device vendors. Features supported by CyanogenMod included native theme support, FLAC audio codec support, a large Access Point Name list, Privacy Guard (per-application permission management application), support for tethering over common interfaces, CPU overclocking and other performance enhancements, unlockable bootloader and root access, soft buttons, status bar customisation and other "tablet tweaks", toggles in the notification pull-down (such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and GPS), and other interface enhancements. CyanogenMod did not contain spyware or bloatware, according to its developers. CyanogenMod was also said to increase performance and reliability compared with official firmware releases.The name CyanogenMod derived from cyanogen (the name of a chemical compound adopted as a nickname by Kondik) + Mod (a term for user-developed modifications, known as modding).
| 5
|
[
"Android-x86",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
Android-x86 is an open source project that makes an unofficial porting of the Android mobile operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance to run on devices powered by x86 processors, rather than RISC-based ARM chips.Developers Chih-Wei Huang and Yi Sun originated the project in 2009. The project began as a series of patches to the Android source code to enable Android to run on various netbooks, tablets and ultra-mobile PCs. Huang is the current project maintainer. Currently active developers include Mauro Rossi and Michael Goffioul.Overview
The OS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) with some modifications and improvements. Some components are developed by the project which allow it to run on PC architecture. For instance, some low-level components are replaced to better suit the platform, such as the kernel and HALs. The OS enables OpenGL ES hardware acceleration via Mesa if supported GPUs are detected, including Intel GMA, AMD's Radeon, Nvidia's chipsets (Nouveau), VMware (vmwgfx) and QEMU (virgl). Without a supported GPU, the OS can run in non-accelerated mode via software rendering. Since release 7.1, the software renderer has been implemented via the SwiftShader project.Like a normal Linux distribution, the project releases pre-built ISO images which can run under live mode or installed to a hard disk on the target system. Since release 4.4-r2, the project also releases efi_img which can be used to create a live USB to be booted from on UEFI systems. Since release 4.4-r4, the UEFI support was united into the ISO images and efi_img was marked as deprecated.
Except AOSP, the following incomplete list of components are developed from scratch or derived from other open source projects to form the entire Android-x86 codebase:
| 0
|
[
"Android-x86",
"instance of",
"operating system"
] |
Android-x86 is an open source project that makes an unofficial porting of the Android mobile operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance to run on devices powered by x86 processors, rather than RISC-based ARM chips.Developers Chih-Wei Huang and Yi Sun originated the project in 2009. The project began as a series of patches to the Android source code to enable Android to run on various netbooks, tablets and ultra-mobile PCs. Huang is the current project maintainer. Currently active developers include Mauro Rossi and Michael Goffioul.
| 1
|
[
"Baidu Yi",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
Baidu Yi (Chinese: 百度•易平台; pinyin: Bǎidù-Yì píngtái; lit. 'Baidu Yi Platform', 易 Yì meaning "exchange" or "easy"), also known as "Baidu Yun", was an operating system for mobile devices until Baidu suspended it. It is based on Google's Android but is a fork by Baidu, the dominant search engine operator in China. It was announced on 2 September 2011 at the 2011 Baidu Technology Innovation Conference in Beijing.Background
On “2011 Baidu Technology Innovation Conference”, Baidu launched its first mobile terminal software platform, Baidu Yi. It has integrated Baidu's intelligent search, cloud service, and various Baidu apps. Through collaboration with terminal manufactures, operators, mobile Internet service providers, and other upstream and downstream industry chains, it provides the users with convenient, abundant, and personalized mobile Internet experience. Baidu-Yi was developed especially for domestic Chinese smartphones, built on top of Android but replacing much of the original Google software with the network's own alternatives. There is Ting Music, Baidu Maps instead of Google Maps, The Baidu Yue e-reader, and Google Search has been stripped out and replaced with Baidu Search. In March 2015, Baidu officially stated that Baidu Yun is suspended.
| 1
|
[
"EMUI",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
EMUI (formerly known as Emotion UI, and also known as Magic UI on Honor smartphones since 2019) is an Android-derived mobile operating system developed by Chinese technology company Huawei. It is used on the company's smartphones and tablets.
In mainland China, and internationally since 2020 due to U.S. sanctions, EMUI devices utilise Huawei Mobile Services such as Huawei AppGallery instead of Google Mobile Services. Aside from being based on Android, Huawei also bundles the HarmonyOS microkernel in the latest EMUI update inside Android which handles other process including security authentication such as the fingerprint authentication.History
On 30 December 2012, Huawei introduced Emotion UI 1.0, based on Android 4.0. It features a voice assistant app (only in Chinese), customizable homescreens and theme-switching. The company rolled out installation files for the Ascend P1 through their website. The company claims that it is "probably the world's most emotional system".On 4 September 2014, the company announced EMUI 3.0, along with Ascend Mate 7 in the pre-IFA event in Berlin. The user interface was ever since called "EMUI" instead of "Emotion UI". In Mainland China, the release introduces the Huawei AppGallery application store; international markets continued to use Google Play.In late 2015, Huawei introduced EMUI 4.0, based on Android Marshmallow. In 2016, EMUI 5.0 was introduced, based on Android Nougat. In 2017, Huawei introduced EMUI 8.0, based on Android Oreo; beginning with this release, the version number would now be aligned with that of the Android version from which it was derived.Huawei unveiled EMUI 9.0, based on Android Pie, at IFA in 2018. Huawei stated a goal for the release to make EMUI more "simple", "enjoyable", and consistent; it included various usability tweaks, reorganized settings menus, dark mode, gesture navigation, and GPU Turbo 2.0. Beginning with EMUI 9.0.1, new Huawei devices ship with the company's EROFS file system for its system partitions, which is designed for higher performance in read-only settings on devices with limited resources. In July 2019, Huawei released EMUI 9.1EMUI 10, based on Android 10, was announced 9 August 2019 at the Huawei Developer Conference. It features an updated interface with larger "magazine"-styled headings, new animations, colour accents inspired by painter Giorgio Morandi, and Android 10's system-wide dark mode support. Beginning 2020 due to United States sanctions against Huawei (which prohibit U.S.-based companies from doing business with the company), new EMUI smartphones sold internationally (beginning with the Mate 30) are no longer certified by Google, do not include support for Google Mobile Services (GMS) including Google Play, and are marketed as running EMUI with no reference to the Android trademark. These devices introduce AppGallery and Huawei Mobile Services to international markets as an alternative to Google-provided software.In 2020 alongside the P40, Huawei announced EMUI 10.1, which adds multi-window support, and the new first-party apps Celia and MeeTime. Huawei announced updates for some of its existing devices in June 2020. On September 2020, Huawei publicly announced HarmonyOS 2.0 support for EMUI 11 updated smartphone devices as the company shifts towards HarmonyOS development. In December 2020, Huawei released the HarmonyOS 2.0 beta for the P30, P40 and P50, which iterates from EMUI 10.As of October 2021, Huawei plans to launch an upgrade bridge to EMUI 12 to older Huawei smartphone models gradually in the first half of 2022 in global markets while HarmonyOS 2 launches in domestic markets. Prepping EMUI successor, future HarmonyOS development for global markets in the coming years. EMUI 12 is the first EMUI version based on HarmonyOS 2 with OpenHarmony 2.1.0 core which features its own distributed file sharing called Distributed File System that adapts with HarmonyOS powered smart devices with smart TVs, smart speakers and other types of devices which is created from native (HDFS) HarmonyOS Distributed File System and can run native HarmonyOS Ability Package apps. EMUI 12 supports Large Folders that group similar apps in a large folder and name the folder for better organised management and discovery of apps. Difference between EMUI 12 and HarmonyOS running HAP based apps, is that EMUI 12 don't support Atomic Services and App Snippets in the form of interactive visual card based widgets. EMUI 12 don't support HarmonyOS Multi-Device Task Viewer and has a watered down Super Device user experience via Device+. The EMUI 12 update for older global versions of Huawei smartphones is based on Android 10.On 20th of October 2022, Huawei unveiled their upcoming version of EMUI, which is EMUI 13 on their official website. It inherits the main features unveiled with HarmonyOS 3, such as widgets which can be stacked on top of another, folders which can be resized like Android widgets, and a few other features.
| 0
|
[
"Replicant (operating system)",
"instance of",
"mobile operating system"
] |
Replicant is a free operating system (OS) based on the Android mobile platform that aims to replace all proprietary Android components with free-software counterparts. It is available for several smartphones and tablet computers. It is written in the same programming languages as Android (which it is forked indirectly from). The modifications are mostly in the C language; the changes are mostly to the lower-level parts of the OS, such as the Linux kernel and drivers that use it.
The name Replicant is drawn from the fictional replicant androids in the Blade Runner movie. Replicant is sponsored and supported by the Free Software Foundation and partially by NLnet.
| 21
|
[
"Replicant (operating system)",
"named after",
"replicant"
] |
Replicant is a free operating system (OS) based on the Android mobile platform that aims to replace all proprietary Android components with free-software counterparts. It is available for several smartphones and tablet computers. It is written in the same programming languages as Android (which it is forked indirectly from). The modifications are mostly in the C language; the changes are mostly to the lower-level parts of the OS, such as the Linux kernel and drivers that use it.
The name Replicant is drawn from the fictional replicant androids in the Blade Runner movie. Replicant is sponsored and supported by the Free Software Foundation and partially by NLnet.
| 23
|
[
"Fire OS",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
Fire OS 5
Based on Android 5.1 "Lollipop", it added an updated interface. The home screen has a traditional application grid and pages for content types, as opposed to the previous carousel interface. It also introduced On Deck, a function that automatically moves content out of offline storage to maintain storage space for new content; the Word Runner speed reading tool; and screen color filters. Parental controls were enhanced with a new web browser for FreeTime mode featuring a curated selection of content appropriate for children, and an Activity Center for monitoring children's usage. It removed support for device encryption, which an Amazon spokesperson stated was an enterprise-oriented feature that was underused. In March 2016, after the removal was publicized and criticized in the wake of the FBI–Apple encryption dispute, Amazon announced it would restore the feature in a future patch.Fire OS 6
Based on Android 7.1.2 "Nougat", its main changes and additions include:
Adoptable storage, allowing users to format and use their SD card as internal storage
Doze/App standby, aiming to improve battery life by forcing devices to sleep when not actively used, adding restrictions to apps that would normally continue to run background processesFire OS 7
Based on Android 9.0 "Pie", it was released in 2019 for all 8th-11th generation Fire tablets.
In February 2022, Amazon announced that the Docs app would be replaced (in August 2022) by document creation functionality in the Files app; and introduced an improved home editing system.Fire OS 8
FireOS 8 is the latest release of FireOS for the 12th generation Fire 7, based on Android 11, information about the release became available via Amazon developer documentation around May 2022.
FireOS 8 incorporates changes from Android 10 and Android 11, although it is noted in the Amazon developer documentation that some Android 11 features such as File Based Encryption (FBE) are not supported yet,Some of the new changes in FireOS 8 include:Note: new changes/features (e.g: changes for developers) may be excluded
| 0
|
[
"OmniROM",
"instance of",
"Android distribution"
] |
OmniROM is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. It involves a number of prominent developers from other projects.Development
OmniROM was founded in reaction to the commercialisation of ROM project CyanogenMod. At launch, the project provided custom firmware based on Android Jelly Bean, and they moved to Android KitKat shortly after its release. Their KitKat firmware included support for the Galaxy Note II, Galaxy Note, Galaxy S3, Galaxy S4, Nexus 4, Nexus 5, Nexus 7 (2012), LG Optimus G, Galaxy S2, HTC One (2013), Oppo Find 5, Sony Xperia T, Acer Iconia A500, HTC Explorer and Lenovo A6000.OmniROM quickly gained popularity during development of Android 4.4 KitKat.In June 2015, the project started to release nightly builds based on Android Lollipop for the Asus Transformer Pad, Asus Transformer Pad Infinity, Nexus 4, Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 7, Nexus 10, Oppo Find 7/7a, OnePlus One, Sony Xperia Z and Sony Xperia ZL.OmniROM was one of the first custom ROMs to provide patches for the KRACK security vulnerability.As of January 2018, Oreo builds were on a weekly update schedule.
OmniROM was one of several ROM development teams being courted by ASUS, teaming with XDA, to help seed development for ZenFone 6.OmniROM was the first custom ROM for OnePlus 7T.In March 2020, OmniROM began offering builds including MicroG.
| 0
|
[
"OmniROM",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
OmniROM is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. It involves a number of prominent developers from other projects.Development
OmniROM was founded in reaction to the commercialisation of ROM project CyanogenMod. At launch, the project provided custom firmware based on Android Jelly Bean, and they moved to Android KitKat shortly after its release. Their KitKat firmware included support for the Galaxy Note II, Galaxy Note, Galaxy S3, Galaxy S4, Nexus 4, Nexus 5, Nexus 7 (2012), LG Optimus G, Galaxy S2, HTC One (2013), Oppo Find 5, Sony Xperia T, Acer Iconia A500, HTC Explorer and Lenovo A6000.OmniROM quickly gained popularity during development of Android 4.4 KitKat.In June 2015, the project started to release nightly builds based on Android Lollipop for the Asus Transformer Pad, Asus Transformer Pad Infinity, Nexus 4, Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 7, Nexus 10, Oppo Find 7/7a, OnePlus One, Sony Xperia Z and Sony Xperia ZL.OmniROM was one of the first custom ROMs to provide patches for the KRACK security vulnerability.As of January 2018, Oreo builds were on a weekly update schedule.
OmniROM was one of several ROM development teams being courted by ASUS, teaming with XDA, to help seed development for ZenFone 6.OmniROM was the first custom ROM for OnePlus 7T.In March 2020, OmniROM began offering builds including MicroG.
| 1
|
[
"OmniROM",
"platform",
"ARM architecture"
] |
OmniROM is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. It involves a number of prominent developers from other projects.
| 2
|
[
"OmniROM",
"instance of",
"mobile operating system"
] |
OmniROM is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. It involves a number of prominent developers from other projects.
| 4
|
[
"TWRP (software)",
"instance of",
"utility software"
] |
Team Win Recovery Project (TWRP), pronounced "twrp", is an open-source software custom recovery image for Android-based devices. It provides a touchscreen-enabled interface that allows users to install third-party firmware and back up the current system which are functions often unsupported by stock recovery images. It is, therefore, often installed when flashing, installing, or rooting Android devices, although it isn't dependent on a device being rooted prior to installation.Functions
Since February 2016 the first three digits of the version number specify the version, and the fourth digit, separated from the others by a dash, specifies an update for a specific device. This could be a performance improvement, hotfix, bugfix, or just simply an update for a device.
The main method of installing ("flashing") this custom recovery on an Android device requires downloading a version made specifically for the device, and then using a tool such as Fastboot or Odin. Also, some custom ROMs come with TWRP as the default recovery image.
TWRP gives users the option to fully back up their device (including bootloader, system data, private applications, etc.) to revert to at any time, and a built-in file manager to delete files that may be causing problems on the device or add some to fix issues.
As of 2019, TWRP supported the installation of custom ROMs (i.e. custom operating systems such as LineageOS, or the latest Android release), kernels, add-ons (Google Apps, Magisk, themes, etc.), and other various mods.
Wiping, backing up, restoring, and mounting various device partitions, such as the system, boot, userdata, cache, and internal storage partitions are also supported. TWRP also features file transfer via MTP, as well as a basic file manager, and a terminal emulator. It is fully themeable.
In January 2017, the TWRP team released an Android application that allows flashing the recovery using root access. However, unlike the recovery, the app is not open source. This app is also shipped via the official TWRP images to rooted and non-rooted devices. It is installed in the system partition, making it a system-level app by default, thus making it not uninstallable from within Android without root access. However, TWRP now provides the user the freedom of choice for having the app.
| 5
|
[
"Android TV",
"instance of",
"operating system"
] |
Android TV is a smart TV operating system based on Android and developed by Google for television sets, digital media players, set-top boxes, and soundbars. A successor to Google TV, it features a user interface designed around content discovery and voice search, content aggregation from various media apps and services, and integration with other recent Google technologies such as Assistant, Cast, and Knowledge Graph.
The platform was first unveiled in June 2014, and was first made available on the Nexus Player that November. The platform has been adopted as smart TV middleware by companies such as Sony and Sharp, while Android TV products have also been adopted as set-top boxes by a number of IPTV television providers.
A special edition, called Android TV "Operator Tier", is provided to pay television and other service operators that implement Android TV on the device they provide to their subscribers to access media content. In this edition, the operator can customize the home screen and services on the device. This certification streamlines UI management, app launches, and content delivery, empowering operators to deliver unique experiences on Android TV.
| 7
|
[
"PrivatOS",
"developer",
"Silent Circle"
] |
PrivatOS was an operating system used in the Blackphone from June 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. It was targeted at users who sought improved privacy and security. It provided encryption for phone calls, emails, texts, and internet browsing. PrivatOS was a modified version of Android, forked from Android 4.4.2, that came with a bundle of security-minded tools. However, in contrast to Android, PrivatOS was not open source. The company that shipped PrivatOS, SGP Technologies is a joint venture between the makers of GeeksPhone, and Silent Circle.Background
The concept of an encrypted phone had long been an interest of Silent Circle founder and PGP creator, Phil Zimmerman. In a video on Blackphone's website, Zimmerman said,
| 2
|
[
"PrivatOS",
"instance of",
"proprietary software"
] |
PrivatOS was an operating system used in the Blackphone from June 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. It was targeted at users who sought improved privacy and security. It provided encryption for phone calls, emails, texts, and internet browsing. PrivatOS was a modified version of Android, forked from Android 4.4.2, that came with a bundle of security-minded tools. However, in contrast to Android, PrivatOS was not open source. The company that shipped PrivatOS, SGP Technologies is a joint venture between the makers of GeeksPhone, and Silent Circle.
| 4
|
[
"OxygenOS",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
OxygenOS (Chinese: 氧OS; pinyin: yǎng OS) is an Android-based operating system (OS) developed by Chinese smartphone manufacturer OnePlus exclusively for their smartphones. OxygenOS was developed for their overseas market. There used to also be another version of the OS designed specifically for the Chinese market called HydrogenOS (Chinese: 氢OS; pinyin: qīng OS).In an interview published on 3 September 2016, XDA Developers revealed OnePlus was "actively merging both platforms (OxygenOS and HydrogenOS) into a single cohesive operating system based on Android".
| 0
|
[
"OxygenOS",
"subclass of",
"Android"
] |
OxygenOS (Chinese: 氧OS; pinyin: yǎng OS) is an Android-based operating system (OS) developed by Chinese smartphone manufacturer OnePlus exclusively for their smartphones. OxygenOS was developed for their overseas market. There used to also be another version of the OS designed specifically for the Chinese market called HydrogenOS (Chinese: 氢OS; pinyin: qīng OS).In an interview published on 3 September 2016, XDA Developers revealed OnePlus was "actively merging both platforms (OxygenOS and HydrogenOS) into a single cohesive operating system based on Android".
| 1
|
[
"OxygenOS",
"instance of",
"operating system"
] |
OxygenOS (Chinese: 氧OS; pinyin: yǎng OS) is an Android-based operating system (OS) developed by Chinese smartphone manufacturer OnePlus exclusively for their smartphones. OxygenOS was developed for their overseas market. There used to also be another version of the OS designed specifically for the Chinese market called HydrogenOS (Chinese: 氢OS; pinyin: qīng OS).In an interview published on 3 September 2016, XDA Developers revealed OnePlus was "actively merging both platforms (OxygenOS and HydrogenOS) into a single cohesive operating system based on Android".
| 2
|
[
"OxygenOS",
"instance of",
"Android distribution"
] |
OxygenOS (Chinese: 氧OS; pinyin: yǎng OS) is an Android-based operating system (OS) developed by Chinese smartphone manufacturer OnePlus exclusively for their smartphones. OxygenOS was developed for their overseas market. There used to also be another version of the OS designed specifically for the Chinese market called HydrogenOS (Chinese: 氢OS; pinyin: qīng OS).In an interview published on 3 September 2016, XDA Developers revealed OnePlus was "actively merging both platforms (OxygenOS and HydrogenOS) into a single cohesive operating system based on Android".
| 7
|
[
"Remix OS",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
Remix OS was a computer operating system for personal computers with x86 and ARM architectures that, prior to discontinuation of development, shipped with a number of 1st- and 3rd-party devices. Remix OS allowed PC users to run apps made for Android mobile apps on any compatible Intel-based PC.In January 2016 Jide announced a beta version of their operating system called Remix OS for PC, which is based on Android-x86 — a x86-port of the Android operating system — and available for download for free from their website. The beta version of Remix OS for PC brings hard drive installation, 32-bit support, UEFI support and OTA updates. Except for the free software licensed parts available on GitHub, unlike Android-x86, the source code of Remix OS is not available to the public.
Google Mobile Services (GMS) were removed from the Remix Mini after Remix OS Update: 3.0.207 which Jide claimed was to "ensure a consistent experience across all Android devices for all." Later comments suggest that there was a compatibility issue with some apps which resulted in Google requesting that GMS not be pre-loaded.On July 17, 2017, Jide announced that development of Remix OS for PC, as well as related consumer products in development, was being discontinued, stating that the company would be "restructuring [their] approach to Remix OS and transitioning away from the consumer space".PhoenixOS and PrimeOS are similar Android-x86 based operating systems developed by other companies independently.
| 0
|
[
"Remix OS",
"instance of",
"Android distribution"
] |
Remix OS was a computer operating system for personal computers with x86 and ARM architectures that, prior to discontinuation of development, shipped with a number of 1st- and 3rd-party devices. Remix OS allowed PC users to run apps made for Android mobile apps on any compatible Intel-based PC.In January 2016 Jide announced a beta version of their operating system called Remix OS for PC, which is based on Android-x86 — a x86-port of the Android operating system — and available for download for free from their website. The beta version of Remix OS for PC brings hard drive installation, 32-bit support, UEFI support and OTA updates. Except for the free software licensed parts available on GitHub, unlike Android-x86, the source code of Remix OS is not available to the public.
Google Mobile Services (GMS) were removed from the Remix Mini after Remix OS Update: 3.0.207 which Jide claimed was to "ensure a consistent experience across all Android devices for all." Later comments suggest that there was a compatibility issue with some apps which resulted in Google requesting that GMS not be pre-loaded.On July 17, 2017, Jide announced that development of Remix OS for PC, as well as related consumer products in development, was being discontinued, stating that the company would be "restructuring [their] approach to Remix OS and transitioning away from the consumer space".PhoenixOS and PrimeOS are similar Android-x86 based operating systems developed by other companies independently.
| 3
|
[
"Remix OS",
"based on",
"Android-x86"
] |
Remix OS was a computer operating system for personal computers with x86 and ARM architectures that, prior to discontinuation of development, shipped with a number of 1st- and 3rd-party devices. Remix OS allowed PC users to run apps made for Android mobile apps on any compatible Intel-based PC.In January 2016 Jide announced a beta version of their operating system called Remix OS for PC, which is based on Android-x86 — a x86-port of the Android operating system — and available for download for free from their website. The beta version of Remix OS for PC brings hard drive installation, 32-bit support, UEFI support and OTA updates. Except for the free software licensed parts available on GitHub, unlike Android-x86, the source code of Remix OS is not available to the public.
Google Mobile Services (GMS) were removed from the Remix Mini after Remix OS Update: 3.0.207 which Jide claimed was to "ensure a consistent experience across all Android devices for all." Later comments suggest that there was a compatibility issue with some apps which resulted in Google requesting that GMS not be pre-loaded.On July 17, 2017, Jide announced that development of Remix OS for PC, as well as related consumer products in development, was being discontinued, stating that the company would be "restructuring [their] approach to Remix OS and transitioning away from the consumer space".PhoenixOS and PrimeOS are similar Android-x86 based operating systems developed by other companies independently.
| 6
|
[
"Fira OS",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
Fira OS is a Linux-based mobile operating system and software platform developed by Fira, a subsidiary of Indonesian electronic giant Polytron (member of Djarum Group). Introduced on January 28, 2016, it was forked from Android and installed on newer Polytron smartphones since 2016.Overview
Fira OS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and the Linux kernel. It was built to comply with an Indonesian regulation requiring 40% minimum local content on all 4G LTE smartphones sold in Indonesia starting in 2017.
| 0
|
[
"Fira OS",
"instance of",
"Linux distribution"
] |
Fira OS is a Linux-based mobile operating system and software platform developed by Fira, a subsidiary of Indonesian electronic giant Polytron (member of Djarum Group). Introduced on January 28, 2016, it was forked from Android and installed on newer Polytron smartphones since 2016.Overview
Fira OS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and the Linux kernel. It was built to comply with an Indonesian regulation requiring 40% minimum local content on all 4G LTE smartphones sold in Indonesia starting in 2017.
| 2
|
[
"Fira OS",
"instance of",
"mobile operating system"
] |
Fira OS is a Linux-based mobile operating system and software platform developed by Fira, a subsidiary of Indonesian electronic giant Polytron (member of Djarum Group). Introduced on January 28, 2016, it was forked from Android and installed on newer Polytron smartphones since 2016.Overview
Fira OS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and the Linux kernel. It was built to comply with an Indonesian regulation requiring 40% minimum local content on all 4G LTE smartphones sold in Indonesia starting in 2017.
| 3
|
[
"CopperheadOS",
"instance of",
"Android distribution"
] |
CopperheadOS is a mobile operating system for smartphones, based on the Android mobile platform. It adds privacy and security features to the official releases of the Android Open Source Project by Google. CopperheadOS is developed by Copperhead, a Canadian information security company. It is licensed under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0, although its source code is not available for public download.
CopperheadOS supports smartphones in the Google Pixel product line; other devices are not targeted in order to preserve the resources of the development team. It has several security features not found in stock Android, such as a hardened version of the Linux kernel, and the ability to use separate passwords for unlocking the device and for encryption. Rather than use the Google Play Store found on most Android devices, CopperheadOS ships with the F-Droid store in order to reduce the risk of users installing malicious apps.
Development of CopperheadOS began in 2014, and the operating system had an initial alpha release in August 2015. This was followed by a beta release in February 2016, followed by several other releases targeting the Google Nexus and Pixel phones. The project was initially released under the GNU General Public License, with the project's source code publicly available on GitHub. In October 2016 the license was changed to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA), and as of June 2020 access to the source code was restricted to members of Copperhead's partner network.
| 0
|
[
"CopperheadOS",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
History
Project inception and initial releases
The CopperheadOS project was started in 2014 by Copperhead, an information security company based in Toronto, Canada. The company was founded in the same year by James Donaldson, the CEO, and Daniel Micay, the CTO and lead developer, and initially served clients in the Canadian legal and intelligence industries. During this work, the founders noticed an absence of secure, open-source operating systems for mobile devices, and they created CopperheadOS under an open source license to try to address this need.Copperhead announced the development of CopperheadOS in April 2015. According to the announcement, the operating system was designed to be a "secure-by-default version of Android" aimed at privacy-conscious users. At first, CopperheadOS was licensed under the GNU General Public License, and the project's code was located on GitHub. Copperhead contributed several of their bug fixes and improvements developed for CopperheadOS to the Android Open Source Project, the main project for Android development by Google.In August 2015, Copperhead released the first alpha version of CopperheadOS. At this point, the project was based on CyanogenMod, and included support for the Google Nexus 5 and Samsung Galaxy S4. This was followed by a beta version in February 2016, with support for the Nexus 5, Nexus 9 and Nexus 5X. The beta was based directly on the Android Open Source Project instead of using CyanogenMod, as were subsequent releases. The move away from CyanogenMod and the lack of vendor support led to dropping support for the Samsung Galaxy S4. In May 2016, Copperhead launched an online store where the Nexus 5X could be purchased directly with CopperheadOS pre-loaded. The Nexus 6P was made available for purchase from the store in July of the same year.
| 1
|
[
"CopperheadOS",
"instance of",
"mobile operating system"
] |
History
Project inception and initial releases
The CopperheadOS project was started in 2014 by Copperhead, an information security company based in Toronto, Canada. The company was founded in the same year by James Donaldson, the CEO, and Daniel Micay, the CTO and lead developer, and initially served clients in the Canadian legal and intelligence industries. During this work, the founders noticed an absence of secure, open-source operating systems for mobile devices, and they created CopperheadOS under an open source license to try to address this need.Copperhead announced the development of CopperheadOS in April 2015. According to the announcement, the operating system was designed to be a "secure-by-default version of Android" aimed at privacy-conscious users. At first, CopperheadOS was licensed under the GNU General Public License, and the project's code was located on GitHub. Copperhead contributed several of their bug fixes and improvements developed for CopperheadOS to the Android Open Source Project, the main project for Android development by Google.In August 2015, Copperhead released the first alpha version of CopperheadOS. At this point, the project was based on CyanogenMod, and included support for the Google Nexus 5 and Samsung Galaxy S4. This was followed by a beta version in February 2016, with support for the Nexus 5, Nexus 9 and Nexus 5X. The beta was based directly on the Android Open Source Project instead of using CyanogenMod, as were subsequent releases. The move away from CyanogenMod and the lack of vendor support led to dropping support for the Samsung Galaxy S4. In May 2016, Copperhead launched an online store where the Nexus 5X could be purchased directly with CopperheadOS pre-loaded. The Nexus 6P was made available for purchase from the store in July of the same year.
| 3
|
[
"LineageOS",
"platform",
"ARM architecture"
] |
LineageOS is an Android-based operating system for smartphones, tablet computers, and set-top boxes, with mostly free and open-source software. It is the successor to CyanogenMod, from which it was forked in December 2016, when Cyanogen Inc. announced it was discontinuing development and shut down the infrastructure behind the project. Since Cyanogen Inc. retained the rights to the Cyanogen name, the project rebranded its fork as LineageOS.LineageOS was officially launched on 24 December 2016, with the source code available on both GitHub and GitLab. In March 2017, it reportedly had one million users with the OnePlus One being the most popular device.
| 33
|
[
"LineageOS",
"instance of",
"mobile operating system"
] |
LineageOS is an Android-based operating system for smartphones, tablet computers, and set-top boxes, with mostly free and open-source software. It is the successor to CyanogenMod, from which it was forked in December 2016, when Cyanogen Inc. announced it was discontinuing development and shut down the infrastructure behind the project. Since Cyanogen Inc. retained the rights to the Cyanogen name, the project rebranded its fork as LineageOS.LineageOS was officially launched on 24 December 2016, with the source code available on both GitHub and GitLab. In March 2017, it reportedly had one million users with the OnePlus One being the most popular device.
| 39
|
[
"LineageOS",
"instance of",
"open-source software"
] |
LineageOS is an Android-based operating system for smartphones, tablet computers, and set-top boxes, with mostly free and open-source software. It is the successor to CyanogenMod, from which it was forked in December 2016, when Cyanogen Inc. announced it was discontinuing development and shut down the infrastructure behind the project. Since Cyanogen Inc. retained the rights to the Cyanogen name, the project rebranded its fork as LineageOS.LineageOS was officially launched on 24 December 2016, with the source code available on both GitHub and GitLab. In March 2017, it reportedly had one million users with the OnePlus One being the most popular device.
| 42
|
[
"Resurrection Remix OS",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
Resurrection Remix OS, abbreviated as RR, is a free and open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. UX designer and head developer Altan KRK & Varun Date started the project in 2012.History
On February 9, 2018, Resurrection Remix 6.0.0 was released, based on Android 8.1 Oreo after months in development. In early 2019 Resurrection Remix 7.0.0, 7.0.1 and 7.0.2 were released, based on Android 9 Pie. The project seemed abandoned after a disagreement between 2 major developers which caused one of them (Acar) to leave, but later in mid 2020, Resurrection Remix came back with 8.5.7 based on Android 10. 8.7.3 is the latest version based on Android 10.
| 0
|
[
"Resurrection Remix OS",
"platform",
"ARM architecture"
] |
Resurrection Remix OS, abbreviated as RR, is a free and open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. UX designer and head developer Altan KRK & Varun Date started the project in 2012.History
On February 9, 2018, Resurrection Remix 6.0.0 was released, based on Android 8.1 Oreo after months in development. In early 2019 Resurrection Remix 7.0.0, 7.0.1 and 7.0.2 were released, based on Android 9 Pie. The project seemed abandoned after a disagreement between 2 major developers which caused one of them (Acar) to leave, but later in mid 2020, Resurrection Remix came back with 8.5.7 based on Android 10. 8.7.3 is the latest version based on Android 10.
| 4
|
[
"Resurrection Remix OS",
"instance of",
"Android distribution"
] |
Resurrection Remix OS, abbreviated as RR, is a free and open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. UX designer and head developer Altan KRK & Varun Date started the project in 2012.History
On February 9, 2018, Resurrection Remix 6.0.0 was released, based on Android 8.1 Oreo after months in development. In early 2019 Resurrection Remix 7.0.0, 7.0.1 and 7.0.2 were released, based on Android 9 Pie. The project seemed abandoned after a disagreement between 2 major developers which caused one of them (Acar) to leave, but later in mid 2020, Resurrection Remix came back with 8.5.7 based on Android 10. 8.7.3 is the latest version based on Android 10.
| 7
|
[
"Resurrection Remix OS",
"instance of",
"mobile operating system"
] |
Resurrection Remix OS, abbreviated as RR, is a free and open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. UX designer and head developer Altan KRK & Varun Date started the project in 2012.History
On February 9, 2018, Resurrection Remix 6.0.0 was released, based on Android 8.1 Oreo after months in development. In early 2019 Resurrection Remix 7.0.0, 7.0.1 and 7.0.2 were released, based on Android 9 Pie. The project seemed abandoned after a disagreement between 2 major developers which caused one of them (Acar) to leave, but later in mid 2020, Resurrection Remix came back with 8.5.7 based on Android 10. 8.7.3 is the latest version based on Android 10.
| 8
|
[
"One UI",
"instance of",
"software"
] |
One UI is a user interface (UI) developed by Samsung Electronics for its Android devices running Android 9 "Pie" and later. Succeeding Samsung Experience and TouchWiz, it is designed to make using larger smartphones easier and be more visually appealing. To provide more clarity, some elements of the UI are tweaked to match colors that are based on the color of the user's phone. It was announced at Samsung Developer Conference in 2018, and was unveiled in Galaxy Unpacked in February 2019 alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy Buds and the Galaxy Fold.
It is also the software layer for their smartwatch Tizen and Wear OS platform, which Samsung co-developed with Google. As of 2021, it is also the software layer for the Microsoft Windows platform on Galaxy Book devices.
| 2
|
[
"One UI",
"instance of",
"user interface"
] |
One UI is a user interface (UI) developed by Samsung Electronics for its Android devices running Android 9 "Pie" and later. Succeeding Samsung Experience and TouchWiz, it is designed to make using larger smartphones easier and be more visually appealing. To provide more clarity, some elements of the UI are tweaked to match colors that are based on the color of the user's phone. It was announced at Samsung Developer Conference in 2018, and was unveiled in Galaxy Unpacked in February 2019 alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy Buds and the Galaxy Fold.
It is also the software layer for their smartwatch Tizen and Wear OS platform, which Samsung co-developed with Google. As of 2021, it is also the software layer for the Microsoft Windows platform on Galaxy Book devices.Features
One UI was designed as part of a goal to make Samsung's hardware and software "work together in perfect harmony" and provide a more "natural" experience on large-screen smartphones. One UI displays most of the features that were in the Samsung Experience UX. A prominent design pattern in many of Samsung's system applications is to intentionally place common features and user interface elements along the middle of the screen rather than near the top. This makes them easier to reach with a user's thumb when using the device one-handed.
For similar reasons, apps utilise large headers to push their main content towards the vertical centre of the screen. The navigation bar supports the use of gestures and the usual 3-button system, while a system-wide "night mode" was also added (which gives UI elements and supported applications a darkened color scheme). As with Android Pie upstream, the Overview screen of recent apps uses a horizontal layout, as opposed to the vertical layout of previous versions.
| 4
|
[
"CalyxOS",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."CalyxOS preserves the Android security model, using Android's Verified Boot system of cryptographic signing of the operating system, and running with a locked bootloader, partly thanks to an installer that guides the user through the process of unlocking and then re-locking the bootloader.History
The Calyx Institute annual reports state CalyxOS was publicly launched during their 2018-2019 fiscal year. Inspiration included Tails and Qubes OS, and goals were said to be "completely open source", removing proprietary Google tracking, and including apps Tor, Signal and CalyxVPN for increased privacy.CalyxOS supports Pixel phones Pixel 3 and newer. In April 2022, CalyxOS announced Android 12L for testing on Fairphone 4, and OnePlus 8T, 9, and 9 Pro. However, in May 2022, CalyxOS announced OnePlus builds were pulled because of a bootloader "relock issue". As of July 2022, according to CalyxOS the OnePlus relock issue had not been resolved.
| 0
|
[
"CalyxOS",
"instance of",
"mobile operating system"
] |
CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."CalyxOS preserves the Android security model, using Android's Verified Boot system of cryptographic signing of the operating system, and running with a locked bootloader, partly thanks to an installer that guides the user through the process of unlocking and then re-locking the bootloader.History
The Calyx Institute annual reports state CalyxOS was publicly launched during their 2018-2019 fiscal year. Inspiration included Tails and Qubes OS, and goals were said to be "completely open source", removing proprietary Google tracking, and including apps Tor, Signal and CalyxVPN for increased privacy.CalyxOS supports Pixel phones Pixel 3 and newer. In April 2022, CalyxOS announced Android 12L for testing on Fairphone 4, and OnePlus 8T, 9, and 9 Pro. However, in May 2022, CalyxOS announced OnePlus builds were pulled because of a bootloader "relock issue". As of July 2022, according to CalyxOS the OnePlus relock issue had not been resolved.
| 1
|
[
"CalyxOS",
"based on",
"LineageOS"
] |
CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."CalyxOS preserves the Android security model, using Android's Verified Boot system of cryptographic signing of the operating system, and running with a locked bootloader, partly thanks to an installer that guides the user through the process of unlocking and then re-locking the bootloader.
| 2
|
[
"CalyxOS",
"has part(s)",
"microG"
] |
Software
CalyxOS ships with MicroG as an open-source alternative to the Google Mobile Services, including Mozilla Location Services as an optional replacement to the location services provided by Google, but gives the user the option to disable microG and its location services.
| 3
|
[
"CalyxOS",
"instance of",
"open-source software"
] |
CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."CalyxOS preserves the Android security model, using Android's Verified Boot system of cryptographic signing of the operating system, and running with a locked bootloader, partly thanks to an installer that guides the user through the process of unlocking and then re-locking the bootloader.History
The Calyx Institute annual reports state CalyxOS was publicly launched during their 2018-2019 fiscal year. Inspiration included Tails and Qubes OS, and goals were said to be "completely open source", removing proprietary Google tracking, and including apps Tor, Signal and CalyxVPN for increased privacy.CalyxOS supports Pixel phones Pixel 3 and newer. In April 2022, CalyxOS announced Android 12L for testing on Fairphone 4, and OnePlus 8T, 9, and 9 Pro. However, in May 2022, CalyxOS announced OnePlus builds were pulled because of a bootloader "relock issue". As of July 2022, according to CalyxOS the OnePlus relock issue had not been resolved.
| 4
|
[
"Nothing OS",
"based on",
"Android"
] |
Software
The phone (1) runs on Nothing OS, a new operating system based on the Android operating system. The operating system will be built on an ecosystem that can connect and integrate Nothing products and products from other brands. Nothing OS was tested and found to be near-stock Android, with some tweaks to ensure that the phone would provide "a fast, smooth, and personal experience." The phone will receive at least three years of software updates and four years of security updates.Nothing OS is an Android skin developed by Nothing Technology Limited for the Nothing Phone (1).
| 0
|
[
"Nothing OS",
"subclass of",
"Android"
] |
Software
The phone (1) runs on Nothing OS, a new operating system based on the Android operating system. The operating system will be built on an ecosystem that can connect and integrate Nothing products and products from other brands. Nothing OS was tested and found to be near-stock Android, with some tweaks to ensure that the phone would provide "a fast, smooth, and personal experience." The phone will receive at least three years of software updates and four years of security updates.Nothing OS is an Android skin developed by Nothing Technology Limited for the Nothing Phone (1).
| 1
|
[
"Nothing OS",
"instance of",
"operating system"
] |
Software
The phone (1) runs on Nothing OS, a new operating system based on the Android operating system. The operating system will be built on an ecosystem that can connect and integrate Nothing products and products from other brands. Nothing OS was tested and found to be near-stock Android, with some tweaks to ensure that the phone would provide "a fast, smooth, and personal experience." The phone will receive at least three years of software updates and four years of security updates.Nothing OS is an Android skin developed by Nothing Technology Limited for the Nothing Phone (1).
| 2
|
[
"Nothing OS",
"instance of",
"Android distribution"
] |
Software
The phone (1) runs on Nothing OS, a new operating system based on the Android operating system. The operating system will be built on an ecosystem that can connect and integrate Nothing products and products from other brands. Nothing OS was tested and found to be near-stock Android, with some tweaks to ensure that the phone would provide "a fast, smooth, and personal experience." The phone will receive at least three years of software updates and four years of security updates.Nothing OS is an Android skin developed by Nothing Technology Limited for the Nothing Phone (1).
| 6
|
[
"Nothing OS",
"developer",
"Nothing Technology Ltd."
] |
The Nothing Phone 1, stylised as Phone (1), is an Android smartphone by Nothing Technology Ltd. The phone was announced on 23 March 2022 and went on sale on 21 July 2022.Software
The phone (1) runs on Nothing OS, a new operating system based on the Android operating system. The operating system will be built on an ecosystem that can connect and integrate Nothing products and products from other brands. Nothing OS was tested and found to be near-stock Android, with some tweaks to ensure that the phone would provide "a fast, smooth, and personal experience." The phone will receive at least three years of software updates and four years of security updates.Nothing OS is an Android skin developed by Nothing Technology Limited for the Nothing Phone (1).
| 7
|
[
"Princess (chess)",
"subclass of",
"long-range piece"
] |
The princess is a fairy chess piece that can move like a bishop or a knight. It cannot jump over other pieces when moving as a bishop but may do so when moving as a knight. The piece has acquired many names and is frequently called an archbishop or a cardinal; it may also simply be called the bishop+knight compound.
Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the princess.
| 0
|
[
"Princess (chess)",
"based on",
"bishop"
] |
The princess is a fairy chess piece that can move like a bishop or a knight. It cannot jump over other pieces when moving as a bishop but may do so when moving as a knight. The piece has acquired many names and is frequently called an archbishop or a cardinal; it may also simply be called the bishop+knight compound.
Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the princess.
| 1
|
[
"Princess (chess)",
"subclass of",
"fairy chess piece"
] |
The princess is a fairy chess piece that can move like a bishop or a knight. It cannot jump over other pieces when moving as a bishop but may do so when moving as a knight. The piece has acquired many names and is frequently called an archbishop or a cardinal; it may also simply be called the bishop+knight compound.
Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the princess.History and nomenclature
The princess is one of the most simply described fairy chess pieces and as such has a long history and has gone by many names. It was first used in Turkish Great Chess, a large medieval variant of chess, where it was called the vizir (not to be confused with the piece more commonly referred to as the wazir today, which is the (1,0) leaper). It was introduced in the West with Carrera's chess, a chess variant from 1617, where it was called a centaur, and has been used in many chess variants since then.
The name archbishop was introduced by José Raúl Capablanca in his large variant Capablanca chess. He originally called it the chancellor, but he later changed the names, and the rook+knight compound became known as the chancellor. Both of these names refer to higher ranks than the bishop in the Roman Catholic Church, but archbishop does so more obviously to most people and thus became more popular. In fact, the name archbishop has been used for other augmented bishops as well, such as the reflecting bishop (which reflects off the sides of the board) and the bishop+wazir compound. Christian Freeling, the inventor of Grand Chess, took a similar approach to Capablanca, naming the piece the cardinal.
Princess is the most widely used name among problemists. By analogy with the queen, which is a rook+bishop compound, it was decided that the three basic combinations of the three simple chess pieces (rook, knight, and bishop) should all be named after female royalty. Since the bishop+knight compound is obviously weaker than the rook+knight compound (as the bishop is weaker than the rook), the name princess was assigned to the bishop+knight compound, while the rook+knight compound was named the empress.
| 3
|
[
"Empress (chess)",
"subclass of",
"major piece"
] |
The empress is a fairy chess piece that can move like a rook or a knight. It cannot jump over other pieces when moving as a rook but may do so when moving as a knight. The piece has acquired many names and is frequently called a chancellor or a marshal.
Chess moves in this article use C as notation for the empress.History and nomenclature
The empress is one of the most simply described fairy chess pieces and as such has a long history and has gone by many names. It was first used in Turkish Great Chess, a large medieval variant of chess, where it was called the war machine (dabbabah; not to be confused with the piece more commonly referred to as the dabbaba today, which is the (2,0) leaper). It was introduced in the West with Carrera's chess from 1617, where it was called a champion, and has been used in many chess variants since then.
The name chancellor was introduced by Ben Foster in his large variant Chancellor Chess (chess on a 9×9 board, with a chancellor on the opposite side of the king as the queen), and the name marshal was introduced by L. Tressan in his large variant The Sultan's Game. José Raúl Capablanca used both in his large variant Capablanca Chess: he originally called this piece the marshal, but later changed it to chancellor, which was his original name for the archbishop. Both chancellor and marshal are popular names for the rook+knight compound, although a case could be made for marshal, as the word is related to mare (female horse) and thus fits better for a piece that can move like a knight than chancellor, which has no connection to horses. Also, there are many commonly used chess pieces that, like chancellor, begin with C (e.g. the cannon in xiangqi, the camel in Tamerlane Chess, the champion in Omega Chess, and the cardinal or princess), and using the name marshal for the rook+knight compound would reduce this difficulty.
The name empress is the most widely used name among problemists. By analogy with the queen, which is a rook+bishop compound, it was suggested that the three basic combinations of the three simple chess pieces (rook, knight, and bishop) should all be named after female royalty. Since the rook+knight compound seemed to be obviously stronger than the bishop+knight compound (as the rook is stronger than the bishop), the name empress was used for the rook+knight compound, and the bishop+knight compound was called the princess. However, the word empress suggests a piece stronger than the queen, while this piece is at best equal to and perhaps weaker than the queen, especially in the endgame.
| 0
|
[
"Empress (chess)",
"based on",
"rook"
] |
History and nomenclature
The empress is one of the most simply described fairy chess pieces and as such has a long history and has gone by many names. It was first used in Turkish Great Chess, a large medieval variant of chess, where it was called the war machine (dabbabah; not to be confused with the piece more commonly referred to as the dabbaba today, which is the (2,0) leaper). It was introduced in the West with Carrera's chess from 1617, where it was called a champion, and has been used in many chess variants since then.
The name chancellor was introduced by Ben Foster in his large variant Chancellor Chess (chess on a 9×9 board, with a chancellor on the opposite side of the king as the queen), and the name marshal was introduced by L. Tressan in his large variant The Sultan's Game. José Raúl Capablanca used both in his large variant Capablanca Chess: he originally called this piece the marshal, but later changed it to chancellor, which was his original name for the archbishop. Both chancellor and marshal are popular names for the rook+knight compound, although a case could be made for marshal, as the word is related to mare (female horse) and thus fits better for a piece that can move like a knight than chancellor, which has no connection to horses. Also, there are many commonly used chess pieces that, like chancellor, begin with C (e.g. the cannon in xiangqi, the camel in Tamerlane Chess, the champion in Omega Chess, and the cardinal or princess), and using the name marshal for the rook+knight compound would reduce this difficulty.
The name empress is the most widely used name among problemists. By analogy with the queen, which is a rook+bishop compound, it was suggested that the three basic combinations of the three simple chess pieces (rook, knight, and bishop) should all be named after female royalty. Since the rook+knight compound seemed to be obviously stronger than the bishop+knight compound (as the rook is stronger than the bishop), the name empress was used for the rook+knight compound, and the bishop+knight compound was called the princess. However, the word empress suggests a piece stronger than the queen, while this piece is at best equal to and perhaps weaker than the queen, especially in the endgame.
| 1
|
[
"Empress (chess)",
"subclass of",
"fairy chess piece"
] |
The empress is a fairy chess piece that can move like a rook or a knight. It cannot jump over other pieces when moving as a rook but may do so when moving as a knight. The piece has acquired many names and is frequently called a chancellor or a marshal.
Chess moves in this article use C as notation for the empress.History and nomenclature
The empress is one of the most simply described fairy chess pieces and as such has a long history and has gone by many names. It was first used in Turkish Great Chess, a large medieval variant of chess, where it was called the war machine (dabbabah; not to be confused with the piece more commonly referred to as the dabbaba today, which is the (2,0) leaper). It was introduced in the West with Carrera's chess from 1617, where it was called a champion, and has been used in many chess variants since then.
The name chancellor was introduced by Ben Foster in his large variant Chancellor Chess (chess on a 9×9 board, with a chancellor on the opposite side of the king as the queen), and the name marshal was introduced by L. Tressan in his large variant The Sultan's Game. José Raúl Capablanca used both in his large variant Capablanca Chess: he originally called this piece the marshal, but later changed it to chancellor, which was his original name for the archbishop. Both chancellor and marshal are popular names for the rook+knight compound, although a case could be made for marshal, as the word is related to mare (female horse) and thus fits better for a piece that can move like a knight than chancellor, which has no connection to horses. Also, there are many commonly used chess pieces that, like chancellor, begin with C (e.g. the cannon in xiangqi, the camel in Tamerlane Chess, the champion in Omega Chess, and the cardinal or princess), and using the name marshal for the rook+knight compound would reduce this difficulty.
The name empress is the most widely used name among problemists. By analogy with the queen, which is a rook+bishop compound, it was suggested that the three basic combinations of the three simple chess pieces (rook, knight, and bishop) should all be named after female royalty. Since the rook+knight compound seemed to be obviously stronger than the bishop+knight compound (as the rook is stronger than the bishop), the name empress was used for the rook+knight compound, and the bishop+knight compound was called the princess. However, the word empress suggests a piece stronger than the queen, while this piece is at best equal to and perhaps weaker than the queen, especially in the endgame.
| 2
|
[
"Amazon (chess)",
"subclass of",
"major piece"
] |
The amazon, also known as the queen+knight compound or the dragon, is a fairy chess piece that can move like a queen or a knight. It may thus be considered the sum of all orthodox chess pieces other than the king and the pawn. The amazon can force checkmate on an enemy king without the help of any other friendly piece.
Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the amazon.
| 0
|
[
"Amazon (chess)",
"based on",
"queen"
] |
The amazon, also known as the queen+knight compound or the dragon, is a fairy chess piece that can move like a queen or a knight. It may thus be considered the sum of all orthodox chess pieces other than the king and the pawn. The amazon can force checkmate on an enemy king without the help of any other friendly piece.
Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the amazon.
| 2
|
[
"Amazon (chess)",
"subclass of",
"fairy chess piece"
] |
The amazon, also known as the queen+knight compound or the dragon, is a fairy chess piece that can move like a queen or a knight. It may thus be considered the sum of all orthodox chess pieces other than the king and the pawn. The amazon can force checkmate on an enemy king without the help of any other friendly piece.
Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the amazon.
| 4
|
[
"Nightrider (chess)",
"discoverer or inventor",
"Thomas Rayner Dawson"
] |
The nightrider, alternatively spelled knightrider and also known as the knightmare or unicorn (though the latter term sometimes refers to the bishop+nightrider compound), is a fairy chess piece that can move any number of steps as a knight in the same direction. The nightrider is often represented by an altered version of the knight's icon. In this article, the nightrider is represented by an inverted knight and notated as N; the knight is abbreviated as S for the German name Springer.
The nightrider was invented by Thomas Rayner Dawson in 1925. It is often used in chess problems.
| 0
|
[
"Nightrider (chess)",
"subclass of",
"long-range piece"
] |
The nightrider, alternatively spelled knightrider and also known as the knightmare or unicorn (though the latter term sometimes refers to the bishop+nightrider compound), is a fairy chess piece that can move any number of steps as a knight in the same direction. The nightrider is often represented by an altered version of the knight's icon. In this article, the nightrider is represented by an inverted knight and notated as N; the knight is abbreviated as S for the German name Springer.
The nightrider was invented by Thomas Rayner Dawson in 1925. It is often used in chess problems.
| 1
|
[
"Nightrider (chess)",
"subclass of",
"minor piece"
] |
The nightrider, alternatively spelled knightrider and also known as the knightmare or unicorn (though the latter term sometimes refers to the bishop+nightrider compound), is a fairy chess piece that can move any number of steps as a knight in the same direction. The nightrider is often represented by an altered version of the knight's icon. In this article, the nightrider is represented by an inverted knight and notated as N; the knight is abbreviated as S for the German name Springer.
The nightrider was invented by Thomas Rayner Dawson in 1925. It is often used in chess problems.
| 2
|
[
"Nightrider (chess)",
"based on",
"knight"
] |
The nightrider, alternatively spelled knightrider and also known as the knightmare or unicorn (though the latter term sometimes refers to the bishop+nightrider compound), is a fairy chess piece that can move any number of steps as a knight in the same direction. The nightrider is often represented by an altered version of the knight's icon. In this article, the nightrider is represented by an inverted knight and notated as N; the knight is abbreviated as S for the German name Springer.
The nightrider was invented by Thomas Rayner Dawson in 1925. It is often used in chess problems.
| 3
|
[
"Nightrider (chess)",
"subclass of",
"fairy chess piece"
] |
The nightrider, alternatively spelled knightrider and also known as the knightmare or unicorn (though the latter term sometimes refers to the bishop+nightrider compound), is a fairy chess piece that can move any number of steps as a knight in the same direction. The nightrider is often represented by an altered version of the knight's icon. In this article, the nightrider is represented by an inverted knight and notated as N; the knight is abbreviated as S for the German name Springer.
The nightrider was invented by Thomas Rayner Dawson in 1925. It is often used in chess problems.
| 4
|
[
"Mann (chess)",
"subclass of",
"fairy chess piece"
] |
The mann (plural mannen) or man is a fairy chess piece that may move to any adjoining square. It is similar to the king, but it is not a royal piece (i.e. it is not subject to check and checkmate), and it cannot castle. The mann is used in many chess variants. In this article's diagrams, the mann is represented by an inverted king.
| 0
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[
"Mann (chess)",
"based on",
"king"
] |
Movement
The mann has the basic move of a king in chess: it may move to any adjoining square. It is otherwise treated as a normal chess piece (i.e. it can be captured and is not subject to check or checkmate). The mann is unable to castle. It is simply a ferz+wazir compound.
| 2
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[
"Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"instance of",
"queen"
] |
The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), although the two are very different.Overview
With a motif of Through the Looking-Glass being a representation of the game of chess, the Red Queen could be viewed as an antagonist in the story as she is the queen for the side opposing Alice. Despite this, their initial encounter is a cordial one, with the Red Queen explaining the rules of chess concerning promotion—specifically that Alice is able to become a queen by starting out as a pawn and reaching the eighth square at the opposite end of the board. As a queen in the game of chess, the Red Queen is able to move swiftly and effortlessly.
Later, in Chapter 9, the Red Queen appears with the White Queen, posing a series of typical Wonderland/Looking-Glass questions ("Divide a loaf by a knife: what's the answer to that?"), and then celebrating Alice's promotion from pawn to queen. When that celebration goes awry, Alice turns against the Red Queen, whom she "considers as the cause of all the mischief", and shakes her until the queen morphs into Alice's pet kitten. In doing this, Alice presents an end game, awakening from the dream world of the looking glass, by both realizing her hallucination and symbolically "taking" the Red Queen in order to checkmate the Red King. The red queen is often said to be based on the Liddel’s (the family Carrol worked for) governess, Mary Prickett.
| 0
|
[
"Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"creator",
"Lewis Carroll"
] |
The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), although the two are very different.
| 4
|
[
"Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"present in work",
"Through the Looking-Glass"
] |
The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), although the two are very different.
| 6
|
[
"Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"different from",
"Queen of Hearts"
] |
The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), although the two are very different.Confusion with the Queen of Hearts
The Red Queen is commonly mistaken for the Queen of Hearts from the story's predecessor, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The two share the characteristics of being strict queens associated with the color red, while their personalities are very different. Carroll, in his lifetime, made the distinction between the two Queens by saying:The 1951 Walt Disney animated film Alice in Wonderland perpetuates the long-standing confusion between the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts. In the film, the Queen of Hearts delivers several of the Red Queen's lines, notably "all the ways about here belong to me" which in the case of the Red Queen has a double meaning since as a chess piece she can move in any direction.
In both American McGee's Alice and Tim Burton's film adaptation of the books, the two characters are combined. Jefferson Airplane's song "White Rabbit" contains the lyric "and the Red Queen's off with her head", despite the fact that "Off with her head!" as a repeated line is associated with the Queen of Hearts, not the Red Queen.Once Upon a Time in Wonderland
The Red Queen appears in Once Upon a Time in Wonderland (a spin-off to Once Upon a Time) portrayed by Emma Rigby. She is a character distinct from the Queen of Hearts (Barbara Hershey), who was her tutor in magic. Like the Queen of Hearts and the Mad Hatter, the Red Queen is an émigré to Wonderland from the Enchanted Forest, having originally been a young woman named Anastasia, with whom Will Scarlet (the Knave of Hearts) was in love. The Red Queen featured as one of the show's main antagonists, alongside Jafar.
| 7
|
[
"Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"instance of",
"literary character"
] |
The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), although the two are very different.
| 9
|
[
"Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"noble title",
"fictional queen"
] |
The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), although the two are very different.Overview
With a motif of Through the Looking-Glass being a representation of the game of chess, the Red Queen could be viewed as an antagonist in the story as she is the queen for the side opposing Alice. Despite this, their initial encounter is a cordial one, with the Red Queen explaining the rules of chess concerning promotion—specifically that Alice is able to become a queen by starting out as a pawn and reaching the eighth square at the opposite end of the board. As a queen in the game of chess, the Red Queen is able to move swiftly and effortlessly.
Later, in Chapter 9, the Red Queen appears with the White Queen, posing a series of typical Wonderland/Looking-Glass questions ("Divide a loaf by a knife: what's the answer to that?"), and then celebrating Alice's promotion from pawn to queen. When that celebration goes awry, Alice turns against the Red Queen, whom she "considers as the cause of all the mischief", and shakes her until the queen morphs into Alice's pet kitten. In doing this, Alice presents an end game, awakening from the dream world of the looking glass, by both realizing her hallucination and symbolically "taking" the Red Queen in order to checkmate the Red King. The red queen is often said to be based on the Liddel’s (the family Carrol worked for) governess, Mary Prickett.
| 10
|
[
"Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"instance of",
"fictional human"
] |
The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), although the two are very different.
| 13
|
[
"White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"performer",
"Anne Hathaway"
] |
In other media
The White Queen has been portrayed in various TV and film productions by actresses including Louise Fazenda, Nanette Fabray, Brenda Bruce, Maureen Stapleton, Carol Channing, Penelope Wilton, and Anne Hathaway.
In Sandra the Fairytale Detective, her name is Victoria because she is the Queen of Victory.
| 1
|
[
"White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)",
"present in work",
"Through the Looking-Glass"
] |
The White Queen is a fictional character who appears in Lewis Carroll's 1871 fantasy novel Through the Looking-Glass.Plot
Along with her husband the White King, she is one of the first characters to be seen in the story. She first appears in the drawing room just beyond the titular looking-glass as an animate chesspiece unable to see or hear Alice, the main character. The Queen is looking for her daughter Lily; Alice helps her by lifting the White Queen and King onto the table, leading them to believe they were thrown up by an invisible volcano.
When Alice meets the Red Queen and joins the chess game, she takes the place of a white pawn, Lily being too young to play. She does not meet the White Queen as a human-sized character until the Fifth Square. The White Queen lives backwards in time, due to the fact that she lives through the eponymous looking glass. Her behaviour is odd to Alice. She offers Alice "jam to-morrow and jam yesterday - but never jam to-day." She screams in pain until, rather than because, she pricks her thumb on her brooch, and tells Alice of the King's messenger who has been imprisoned for a crime he will later be tried for and perhaps (but not definitely) commit in the end. The White Queen, aside from telling Alice things that she finds difficult to believe (one being that she is just over 101 years old) says that in her youth she could believe "six impossible things before breakfast" and counsels Alice to practice the same skill. The meeting ends with the Queen seeming to turn into a bespectacled sheep who sits at a counter in a shop as Alice passes into the next square on the board. The Sheep is somewhat different from the Queen in terms of personality and gets "more like a porcupine every time [Alice] looks at her" because she knits with several knitting needles all at once. Two of these needles turn into oars when Alice appears in a boat, and then reappear in the Sheep's shop, where Alice purchases an egg, which becomes Humpty Dumpty as she moves to the next square.
In Chapter 9, the White Queen appears with the Red Queen, posing a series of typical Wonderland/Looking-Glass questions ("Divide a loaf by a knife: what's the answer to that?"), and then celebrating Alice's promotion from pawn to queen. When that celebration goes awry, the White Queen seems to flee the scene by disappearing into a tureen of soup. Martin Gardner's The Annotated Alice points out that the White King is at the time in check from the Red Queen. Alice proceeds to "capture" the Red Queen and checkmate the Red King, ending the game. The White Queen is not seen again, except as one of Alice's white cats, who Alice speculates may have influenced the dream.
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