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[
"Cimon (robot)",
"developer",
"IBM"
] |
Cimon or officially CIMON (Crew Interactive Mobile companion) is a head-shaped AI robot used in the International Space Station.
The device is "an AI-based assistant for astronauts" developed by Airbus and IBM, with funding from the German Aerospace Center. The device is modelled after the character of Professor Simon Wright, "the flying brain," from the anime series Captain Future. Cimon runs on Ubuntu, while its Natural Language Capability is supplied by IBM Watson. CIMON maneuvers through the space station using fans.CIMON-1
CIMON-1 is the first version of Cimon to go into space. The German Aerospace Center, Airbus, IBM, and the Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital started working on CIMON-1 in August 2016. CIMON-1 was launched into space and sent to the international space station on June 29, 2018, via a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. CIMON-1 left the international space station to return to Earth on August 27, 2019.CIMON-2
On December 5, 2019, an updated version of Cimon named CIMON-2 was launched into space on SpaceX CRS-19 Mission. Cimon was also sent with 40 mice to show how muscles change in low gravity. This new version of Cimon included improved artificial intelligence capabilities, improvements to the stability of complex operations, and an improved lifespan.
| 6
|
[
"Cimon (robot)",
"developer",
"German Aerospace Center"
] |
CIMON-1
CIMON-1 is the first version of Cimon to go into space. The German Aerospace Center, Airbus, IBM, and the Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital started working on CIMON-1 in August 2016. CIMON-1 was launched into space and sent to the international space station on June 29, 2018, via a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. CIMON-1 left the international space station to return to Earth on August 27, 2019.CIMON-2
On December 5, 2019, an updated version of Cimon named CIMON-2 was launched into space on SpaceX CRS-19 Mission. Cimon was also sent with 40 mice to show how muscles change in low gravity. This new version of Cimon included improved artificial intelligence capabilities, improvements to the stability of complex operations, and an improved lifespan.
| 8
|
[
"Cimon (robot)",
"main subject",
"human spaceflight"
] |
Purpose
The goal of Cimon is to reduce stress. Judith-Irina Buchheim and Alexander Choukèr, the advisors of Cimon, claim "As a partner and assistant, CIMON could support astronauts with their high workload of experiments and maintenance and repair work, thereby reducing their exposure to stress."Cimon acts like a hands free database, computer and camera. Astronauts can fully control Cimon by using voice commands.Engineers are also interested in using Cimon for processing Big Data, data mining, and evaluating the current capabilities of artificial intelligence.
| 11
|
[
"Cimon (robot)",
"instance of",
"artificial intelligence model"
] |
Cimon or officially CIMON (Crew Interactive Mobile companion) is a head-shaped AI robot used in the International Space Station.
The device is "an AI-based assistant for astronauts" developed by Airbus and IBM, with funding from the German Aerospace Center. The device is modelled after the character of Professor Simon Wright, "the flying brain," from the anime series Captain Future. Cimon runs on Ubuntu, while its Natural Language Capability is supplied by IBM Watson. CIMON maneuvers through the space station using fans.
| 13
|
[
"Cimon (robot)",
"significant event",
"rocket launch"
] |
CIMON-1
CIMON-1 is the first version of Cimon to go into space. The German Aerospace Center, Airbus, IBM, and the Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital started working on CIMON-1 in August 2016. CIMON-1 was launched into space and sent to the international space station on June 29, 2018, via a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. CIMON-1 left the international space station to return to Earth on August 27, 2019.CIMON-2
On December 5, 2019, an updated version of Cimon named CIMON-2 was launched into space on SpaceX CRS-19 Mission. Cimon was also sent with 40 mice to show how muscles change in low gravity. This new version of Cimon included improved artificial intelligence capabilities, improvements to the stability of complex operations, and an improved lifespan.
| 14
|
[
"Cimon (robot)",
"instance of",
"International Space Station experiment"
] |
Cimon or officially CIMON (Crew Interactive Mobile companion) is a head-shaped AI robot used in the International Space Station.
The device is "an AI-based assistant for astronauts" developed by Airbus and IBM, with funding from the German Aerospace Center. The device is modelled after the character of Professor Simon Wright, "the flying brain," from the anime series Captain Future. Cimon runs on Ubuntu, while its Natural Language Capability is supplied by IBM Watson. CIMON maneuvers through the space station using fans.CIMON-1
CIMON-1 is the first version of Cimon to go into space. The German Aerospace Center, Airbus, IBM, and the Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital started working on CIMON-1 in August 2016. CIMON-1 was launched into space and sent to the international space station on June 29, 2018, via a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. CIMON-1 left the international space station to return to Earth on August 27, 2019.
| 29
|
[
"Libwww",
"developer",
"Tim Berners-Lee"
] |
Libwww is an early World Wide Web software library providing core functions for web browsers, implementing HTML, HTTP, and other technologies. Tim Berners-Lee, at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), released libwww (then also called the Common Library) in late 1992, comprising reusable code from the first browsers (WorldWideWeb and Line Mode Browser).
Libwww was relied upon by the then popular browser Mosaic. By 1997, interest in libwww declined, and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which took over from CERN, reduced its commitment to the project. Later, the purpose of libwww was redefined to be "a testbed for protocol experiments"; in that role it was maintained for the benefit of the W3C's web standards-promoting browser Amaya. Active development of libwww stopped in 2000.libcurl is considered to be a modern replacement for libwww.
| 0
|
[
"Libwww",
"developer",
"CERN"
] |
Libwww is an early World Wide Web software library providing core functions for web browsers, implementing HTML, HTTP, and other technologies. Tim Berners-Lee, at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), released libwww (then also called the Common Library) in late 1992, comprising reusable code from the first browsers (WorldWideWeb and Line Mode Browser).
Libwww was relied upon by the then popular browser Mosaic. By 1997, interest in libwww declined, and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which took over from CERN, reduced its commitment to the project. Later, the purpose of libwww was redefined to be "a testbed for protocol experiments"; in that role it was maintained for the benefit of the W3C's web standards-promoting browser Amaya. Active development of libwww stopped in 2000.libcurl is considered to be a modern replacement for libwww.
| 5
|
[
"Libwww",
"instance of",
"software library"
] |
Libwww is an early World Wide Web software library providing core functions for web browsers, implementing HTML, HTTP, and other technologies. Tim Berners-Lee, at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), released libwww (then also called the Common Library) in late 1992, comprising reusable code from the first browsers (WorldWideWeb and Line Mode Browser).
Libwww was relied upon by the then popular browser Mosaic. By 1997, interest in libwww declined, and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which took over from CERN, reduced its commitment to the project. Later, the purpose of libwww was redefined to be "a testbed for protocol experiments"; in that role it was maintained for the benefit of the W3C's web standards-promoting browser Amaya. Active development of libwww stopped in 2000.libcurl is considered to be a modern replacement for libwww.
| 12
|
[
"Notation3",
"developer",
"Tim Berners-Lee"
] |
Notation3, or N3 as it is more commonly known, is a shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability in mind: N3 is much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation. The format is being developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others from the Semantic Web community. A formalization of the logic underlying N3 was published by Berners-Lee and others in 2008.N3 has several features that go beyond a serialization for RDF models, such as support for RDF-based rules. Turtle is a simplified, RDF-only subset of N3.
| 0
|
[
"Notation3",
"instance of",
"data serialization format"
] |
Notation3, or N3 as it is more commonly known, is a shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability in mind: N3 is much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation. The format is being developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others from the Semantic Web community. A formalization of the logic underlying N3 was published by Berners-Lee and others in 2008.N3 has several features that go beyond a serialization for RDF models, such as support for RDF-based rules. Turtle is a simplified, RDF-only subset of N3.
| 2
|
[
"Notation3",
"instance of",
"file format"
] |
Notation3, or N3 as it is more commonly known, is a shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability in mind: N3 is much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation. The format is being developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others from the Semantic Web community. A formalization of the logic underlying N3 was published by Berners-Lee and others in 2008.N3 has several features that go beyond a serialization for RDF models, such as support for RDF-based rules. Turtle is a simplified, RDF-only subset of N3.
| 4
|
[
"Notation3",
"has use",
"serialization"
] |
Notation3, or N3 as it is more commonly known, is a shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability in mind: N3 is much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation. The format is being developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others from the Semantic Web community. A formalization of the logic underlying N3 was published by Berners-Lee and others in 2008.N3 has several features that go beyond a serialization for RDF models, such as support for RDF-based rules. Turtle is a simplified, RDF-only subset of N3.
| 5
|
[
"Line Mode Browser",
"developer",
"World Wide Web Consortium"
] |
The Line Mode Browser (also known as LMB, WWWLib, or just www) is the second web browser ever created.
The browser was the first demonstrated to be portable to several different operating systems.
Operated from a simple command-line interface, it could be widely used on many computers and computer terminals throughout the Internet.
The browser was developed starting in 1990, and then supported by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as an example and test application for the libwww library.
| 4
|
[
"Line Mode Browser",
"instance of",
"text-based web browser"
] |
The Line Mode Browser (also known as LMB, WWWLib, or just www) is the second web browser ever created.
The browser was the first demonstrated to be portable to several different operating systems.
Operated from a simple command-line interface, it could be widely used on many computers and computer terminals throughout the Internet.
The browser was developed starting in 1990, and then supported by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as an example and test application for the libwww library.
| 7
|
[
"Android (operating system)",
"developer",
"Google"
] |
History
Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. Rubin described the Android project as having "tremendous potential in developing smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences". The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras, and this was the basis of its pitch to investors in April 2004. The company then decided that the market for cameras was not large enough for its goals, and five months later it had diverted its efforts and was pitching Android as a handset operating system that would rival Symbian and Microsoft Windows Mobile.Rubin had difficulty attracting investors early on, and Android was facing eviction from its office space. Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope, and shortly thereafter wired an undisclosed amount as seed funding. Perlman refused a stake in the company, and has stated "I did it because I believed in the thing, and I wanted to help Andy."In 2005, Rubin tried to negotiate deals with Samsung and HTC. Shortly afterwards, Google acquired the company in July of that year for at least $50 million; this was Google's "best deal ever" according to Google's then-vice president of corporate development, David Lawee, in 2010. Android's key employees, including Rubin, Miner, Sears, and White, joined Google as part of the acquisition. Not much was known about the secretive Android Inc. at the time, with the company having provided few details other than that it was making software for mobile phones. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system. Google had "lined up a series of hardware components and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of cooperation".Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to build through December 2006. An early prototype had a close resemblance to a BlackBerry phone, with no touchscreen and a physical QWERTY keyboard, but the arrival of 2007's Apple iPhone meant that Android "had to go back to the drawing board". Google later changed its Android specification documents to state that "Touchscreens will be supported", although "the Product was designed with the presence of discrete physical buttons as an assumption, therefore a touchscreen cannot completely replace physical buttons". By 2008, both Nokia and BlackBerry announced touch-based smartphones to rival the iPhone 3G, and Android's focus eventually switched to just touchscreens. The first commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, also known as T-Mobile G1, announced on September 23, 2008.
| 0
|
[
"Android (operating system)",
"founded by",
"Andy Rubin"
] |
History
Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. Rubin described the Android project as having "tremendous potential in developing smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences". The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras, and this was the basis of its pitch to investors in April 2004. The company then decided that the market for cameras was not large enough for its goals, and five months later it had diverted its efforts and was pitching Android as a handset operating system that would rival Symbian and Microsoft Windows Mobile.Rubin had difficulty attracting investors early on, and Android was facing eviction from its office space. Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope, and shortly thereafter wired an undisclosed amount as seed funding. Perlman refused a stake in the company, and has stated "I did it because I believed in the thing, and I wanted to help Andy."In 2005, Rubin tried to negotiate deals with Samsung and HTC. Shortly afterwards, Google acquired the company in July of that year for at least $50 million; this was Google's "best deal ever" according to Google's then-vice president of corporate development, David Lawee, in 2010. Android's key employees, including Rubin, Miner, Sears, and White, joined Google as part of the acquisition. Not much was known about the secretive Android Inc. at the time, with the company having provided few details other than that it was making software for mobile phones. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system. Google had "lined up a series of hardware components and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of cooperation".Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to build through December 2006. An early prototype had a close resemblance to a BlackBerry phone, with no touchscreen and a physical QWERTY keyboard, but the arrival of 2007's Apple iPhone meant that Android "had to go back to the drawing board". Google later changed its Android specification documents to state that "Touchscreens will be supported", although "the Product was designed with the presence of discrete physical buttons as an assumption, therefore a touchscreen cannot completely replace physical buttons". By 2008, both Nokia and BlackBerry announced touch-based smartphones to rival the iPhone 3G, and Android's focus eventually switched to just touchscreens. The first commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, also known as T-Mobile G1, announced on September 23, 2008.
| 34
|
[
"Android (operating system)",
"platform",
"ARM architecture"
] |
Hardware
The main hardware platform for Android is ARM (the ARMv7 and ARMv8-A architectures), with x86 and x86-64 architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android. The unofficial Android-x86 project provided support for x86 architectures ahead of the official support. Since 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64. An unofficial experimental port of the operating system to the RISC-V architecture was released in 2021.Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 7.1 range from in practice 2 GB for best hardware, down to 1 GB for the most common screen. Android supports all versions of OpenGL ES and Vulkan (and version 1.1 available for some devices).
Android devices incorporate many optional hardware components, including still or video cameras, GPS, orientation sensors, dedicated gaming controls, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, proximity sensors, pressure sensors, thermometers, and touchscreens. Some hardware components are not required, but became standard in certain classes of devices, such as smartphones, and additional requirements apply if they are present. Some other hardware was initially required, but those requirements have been relaxed or eliminated altogether. For example, as Android was developed initially as a phone OS, hardware such as microphones were required, while over time the phone function became optional. Android used to require an autofocus camera, which was relaxed to a fixed-focus camera if present at all, since the camera was dropped as a requirement entirely when Android started to be used on set-top boxes.
In addition to running on smartphones and tablets, several vendors run Android natively on regular PC hardware with a keyboard and mouse. In addition to their availability on commercially available hardware, similar PC hardware-friendly versions of Android are freely available from the Android-x86 project, including customized Android 4.4. Using the Android emulator that is part of the Android SDK, or third-party emulators, Android can also run non-natively on x86 architectures. Chinese companies are building a PC and mobile operating system, based on Android, to "compete directly with Microsoft Windows and Google Android". The Chinese Academy of Engineering noted that "more than a dozen" companies were customizing Android following a Chinese ban on the use of Windows 8 on government PCs.
| 38
|
[
"Android (operating system)",
"founded by",
"Rich Miner"
] |
History
Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. Rubin described the Android project as having "tremendous potential in developing smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences". The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras, and this was the basis of its pitch to investors in April 2004. The company then decided that the market for cameras was not large enough for its goals, and five months later it had diverted its efforts and was pitching Android as a handset operating system that would rival Symbian and Microsoft Windows Mobile.Rubin had difficulty attracting investors early on, and Android was facing eviction from its office space. Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope, and shortly thereafter wired an undisclosed amount as seed funding. Perlman refused a stake in the company, and has stated "I did it because I believed in the thing, and I wanted to help Andy."In 2005, Rubin tried to negotiate deals with Samsung and HTC. Shortly afterwards, Google acquired the company in July of that year for at least $50 million; this was Google's "best deal ever" according to Google's then-vice president of corporate development, David Lawee, in 2010. Android's key employees, including Rubin, Miner, Sears, and White, joined Google as part of the acquisition. Not much was known about the secretive Android Inc. at the time, with the company having provided few details other than that it was making software for mobile phones. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system. Google had "lined up a series of hardware components and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of cooperation".Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to build through December 2006. An early prototype had a close resemblance to a BlackBerry phone, with no touchscreen and a physical QWERTY keyboard, but the arrival of 2007's Apple iPhone meant that Android "had to go back to the drawing board". Google later changed its Android specification documents to state that "Touchscreens will be supported", although "the Product was designed with the presence of discrete physical buttons as an assumption, therefore a touchscreen cannot completely replace physical buttons". By 2008, both Nokia and BlackBerry announced touch-based smartphones to rival the iPhone 3G, and Android's focus eventually switched to just touchscreens. The first commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, also known as T-Mobile G1, announced on September 23, 2008.
| 66
|
[
"Google Chrome",
"based on",
"Chromium"
] |
Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was first released in 2008 for Microsoft Windows, built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions were later released for Linux, macOS, iOS, and also for Android, where it is the default browser. The browser is also the main component of ChromeOS, where it serves as the platform for web applications.
Most of Chrome's source code comes from Google's free and open-source software project Chromium, but Chrome is licensed as proprietary freeware. WebKit was the original rendering engine, but Google eventually forked it to create the Blink engine; all Chrome variants except iOS used Blink as of 2017.As of October 2022, StatCounter estimates that Chrome has a 67% worldwide browser market share (after peaking at 72.38% in November 2018) on personal computers (PC), is most used on tablets (having surpassed Safari), and is also dominant on smartphones and at 65% across all platforms combined. Because of this success, Google has expanded the "Chrome" brand name to other products: ChromeOS, Chromecast, Chromebook, Chromebit, Chromebox, and Chromebase.Development
Chrome was assembled from 25 different code libraries from Google and third parties such as Mozilla's Netscape Portable Runtime, Network Security Services, NPAPI (dropped as of version 45), Skia Graphics Engine, SQLite, and a number of other open-source projects. The V8 JavaScript virtual machine was considered a sufficiently important project to be split off (as was Adobe/Mozilla's Tamarin) and handled by a separate team in Denmark coordinated by Lars Bak. According to Google, existing implementations were designed "for small programs, where the performance and interactivity of the system weren't that important", but web applications such as Gmail "are using the web browser to the fullest when it comes to DOM manipulations and JavaScript", and therefore would significantly benefit from a JavaScript engine that could work faster.
Chrome initially used the WebKit rendering engine to display web pages. In 2013, they forked the WebCore component to create their own layout engine Blink. Based on WebKit, Blink only uses WebKit's "WebCore" components, while substituting other components, such as its own multi-process architecture, in place of WebKit's native implementation. Chrome is internally tested with unit testing, automated testing of scripted user actions, fuzz testing, as well as WebKit's layout tests (99% of which Chrome is claimed to have passed), and against commonly accessed websites inside the Google index within 20–30 minutes. Google created Gears for Chrome, which added features for web developers typically relating to the building of web applications, including offline support. Google phased out Gears as the same functionality became available in the HTML5 standards.In March 2011, Google introduced a new simplified logo to replace the previous 3D logo that had been used since the project's inception. Google designer Steve Rura explained the company reasoning for the change: "Since Chrome is all about making your web experience as easy and clutter-free as possible, we refreshed the Chrome icon to better represent these sentiments. A simpler icon embodies the Chrome spirit – to make the web quicker, lighter, and easier for all."On January 11, 2011, the Chrome product manager, Mike Jazayeri, announced that Chrome would remove H.264 video codec support for its HTML5 player, citing the desire to bring Google Chrome more in line with the currently available open codecs available in the Chromium project, which Chrome is based on. Despite this, on November 6, 2012, Google released a version of Chrome on Windows which added hardware-accelerated H.264 video decoding. In October 2013, Cisco announced that it was open-sourcing its H.264 codecs and would cover all fees required.On February 7, 2012, Google launched Google Chrome Beta for Android 4.0 devices. On many new devices with Android 4.1 and later preinstalled, Chrome is the default browser. In May 2017, Google announced a version of Chrome for augmented reality and virtual reality devices.
| 11
|
[
"Google Chrome",
"platform",
"x86_64"
] |
Windows 10 or later
macOS 10.13 or later
64-bit versions of Ubuntu 14.04+, Debian 8+, openSUSE 13.3+ and Fedora 24+
Android Nougat or later
iOS 14 or laterAs of April 2016, stable 32-bit and 64-bit builds are available for Windows, with only 64-bit stable builds available for Linux and macOS. 64-bit Windows builds became available in the developer channel and as canary builds on June 3, 2014, in the beta channel on July 30, 2014, and in the stable channel on August 26, 2014. 64-bit OS X builds became available as canary builds on November 7, 2013, in the beta channel on October 9, 2014, and in the stable channel on November 18, 2014.Starting with the release of version 89, Chrome will only be supported on Intel/Intel x86 and AMD processors with the SSE3 instruction set.
| 15
|
[
"Google Docs",
"uses",
"machine learning"
] |
Google Docs is an online word processor included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google, which also includes: Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep. Google Docs is accessible via an internet browser as a web-based application and is also available as a mobile app on Android and iOS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS.
Google Docs allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating with other users in real time. Edits are tracked by the user making the edit, with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor, and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including "Explore", offering search results based on the contents of a document, and "Action items", allowing users to assign tasks to other users.Google Docs supports opening and saving documents in the standard OpenDocument format as well as in Rich text format, plain Unicode text, zipped HTML, and Microsoft Word. Exporting to PDF and EPUB formats are implemented.
| 3
|
[
"Google Docs",
"published in",
"web browser"
] |
Platforms
Google Docs is available as a web application supported on: Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge and Safari web browsers. Users can access all Docs, as well as other files, collectively through the Google Drive website. In June 2014, Google rolled out a dedicated website homepage for Docs, that contains only files created with the service. In 2014, Google launched a dedicated mobile app for Docs on the Android and iOS mobile operating systems. The mobile website for Docs was updated in 2015 with a "simpler, more uniform" interface, and while users can read files through the mobile websites, users trying to edit will be redirected towards the dedicated mobile app, thus preventing editing on the mobile web.
| 4
|
[
"Google Docs",
"has use",
"collaborative real-time editor"
] |
Google Docs is an online word processor included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google, which also includes: Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep. Google Docs is accessible via an internet browser as a web-based application and is also available as a mobile app on Android and iOS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS.
Google Docs allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating with other users in real time. Edits are tracked by the user making the edit, with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor, and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including "Explore", offering search results based on the contents of a document, and "Action items", allowing users to assign tasks to other users.Google Docs supports opening and saving documents in the standard OpenDocument format as well as in Rich text format, plain Unicode text, zipped HTML, and Microsoft Word. Exporting to PDF and EPUB formats are implemented.
| 20
|
[
"Google Docs",
"part of",
"Google Docs Editors"
] |
Google Docs is an online word processor included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google, which also includes: Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and Google Keep. Google Docs is accessible via an internet browser as a web-based application and is also available as a mobile app on Android and iOS and as a desktop application on Google's ChromeOS.
Google Docs allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating with other users in real time. Edits are tracked by the user making the edit, with a revision history presenting changes. An editor's position is highlighted with an editor-specific color and cursor, and a permissions system regulates what users can do. Updates have introduced features using machine learning, including "Explore", offering search results based on the contents of a document, and "Action items", allowing users to assign tasks to other users.Google Docs supports opening and saving documents in the standard OpenDocument format as well as in Rich text format, plain Unicode text, zipped HTML, and Microsoft Word. Exporting to PDF and EPUB formats are implemented.Google Workspace
Google Docs and the Google Docs Editors suite are free of charge for use by individuals, but are also available as part of Google's business-centered Google Workspace, enabling additional business-focused functionality on payment of a monthly subscription.
| 22
|
[
"Google Docs",
"platform",
"web application"
] |
Platforms
Google Docs is available as a web application supported on: Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge and Safari web browsers. Users can access all Docs, as well as other files, collectively through the Google Drive website. In June 2014, Google rolled out a dedicated website homepage for Docs, that contains only files created with the service. In 2014, Google launched a dedicated mobile app for Docs on the Android and iOS mobile operating systems. The mobile website for Docs was updated in 2015 with a "simpler, more uniform" interface, and while users can read files through the mobile websites, users trying to edit will be redirected towards the dedicated mobile app, thus preventing editing on the mobile web.
| 35
|
[
"Google Docs",
"instance of",
"service on Internet"
] |
Platforms
Google Docs is available as a web application supported on: Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge and Safari web browsers. Users can access all Docs, as well as other files, collectively through the Google Drive website. In June 2014, Google rolled out a dedicated website homepage for Docs, that contains only files created with the service. In 2014, Google launched a dedicated mobile app for Docs on the Android and iOS mobile operating systems. The mobile website for Docs was updated in 2015 with a "simpler, more uniform" interface, and while users can read files through the mobile websites, users trying to edit will be redirected towards the dedicated mobile app, thus preventing editing on the mobile web.
| 37
|
[
"Google Docs",
"instance of",
"web application"
] |
Platforms
Google Docs is available as a web application supported on: Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge and Safari web browsers. Users can access all Docs, as well as other files, collectively through the Google Drive website. In June 2014, Google rolled out a dedicated website homepage for Docs, that contains only files created with the service. In 2014, Google launched a dedicated mobile app for Docs on the Android and iOS mobile operating systems. The mobile website for Docs was updated in 2015 with a "simpler, more uniform" interface, and while users can read files through the mobile websites, users trying to edit will be redirected towards the dedicated mobile app, thus preventing editing on the mobile web.
| 38
|
[
"Google Docs",
"instance of",
"word processor"
] |
History
Google Docs originated from two separate products: Writely and XL2Web. Writely was a web-based word processor created by the software company Upstartle and launched in August 2005. It began as an experiment by programmers Sam Schillace, Steve Newman and Claudia Carpenter, trying out the then-new Ajax technology and the "content editable" function in browsers. On March 9, 2006, Google announced that it had acquired Upstartle. In July 2009, Google dropped the beta testing status from Google Docs. In March 2010, Google acquired DocVerse, an online document collaboration company. DocVerse allowed multiple user online collaboration on Microsoft Word documents, as well as other Microsoft Office formats, such as Excel and PowerPoint. Improvements based on DocVerse were announced and deployed in April 2010. In June 2012, Google acquired Quickoffice, a freeware proprietary productivity suite for mobile devices. In October 2012, Google renamed the Google Drive products and Google Documents became Google Docs. At the same time, Google Chrome App versions of Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides were released, which provided shortcuts to the service on Chrome's new tab page. In February 2019, Google announced grammar suggestions in Docs, expanding their spell check by using machine translation techniques to help catch tricky grammatical errors. In March of 2023, Google Docs, along with Slides and Sheets, introduced a new UI theme.
| 40
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"developer",
"Google"
] |
Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go.There are two major implementations:
| 0
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"instance of",
"programming language"
] |
Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go.There are two major implementations:
| 3
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"developer",
"Robert Griesemer"
] |
Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go.There are two major implementations:
| 5
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"developer",
"The Go Authors"
] |
Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go.There are two major implementations:
| 6
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"developer",
"Rob Pike"
] |
Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go.There are two major implementations:
| 11
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"developer",
"Ken Thompson"
] |
Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go.There are two major implementations:
| 12
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"different from",
"Go!"
] |
Naming dispute
On November 10, 2009, the day of the general release of the language, Francis McCabe, developer of the Go! programming language (note the exclamation point), requested a name change of Google's language to prevent confusion with his language, which he had spent 10 years developing. McCabe raised concerns that "the 'big guy' will end up steam-rollering over" him, and this concern resonated with the more than 120 developers who commented on Google's official issues thread saying they should change the name, with some even saying the issue contradicts Google's motto of: Don't be evil.
On October 12, 2010, the issue was closed by Google developer Russ Cox (@rsc) with the custom status "Unfortunate" accompanied by the following comment: "There are many computing products and services named Go. In the 11 months since our release, there has been minimal confusion of the two languages."
| 48
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"different from",
"go"
] |
Naming dispute
On November 10, 2009, the day of the general release of the language, Francis McCabe, developer of the Go! programming language (note the exclamation point), requested a name change of Google's language to prevent confusion with his language, which he had spent 10 years developing. McCabe raised concerns that "the 'big guy' will end up steam-rollering over" him, and this concern resonated with the more than 120 developers who commented on Google's official issues thread saying they should change the name, with some even saying the issue contradicts Google's motto of: Don't be evil.
On October 12, 2010, the issue was closed by Google developer Russ Cox (@rsc) with the custom status "Unfortunate" accompanied by the following comment: "There are many computing products and services named Go. In the 11 months since our release, there has been minimal confusion of the two languages."
| 51
|
[
"Go (programming language)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Go (programming language)"
] |
Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C, but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go.There are two major implementations:
| 53
|
[
"Nexus 7 (2012)",
"based on",
"Tegra"
] |
Hardware and design
The Nexus 7 (ASUS-1B32) has a plastic chassis that is 7.81 in (198.5 mm) long, 4.7 in (120 mm) wide, and 0.41 in (10.5 mm) thick, and weighs 12 oz (340 g). The device features a Nvidia Tegra 3 SoC consisting of a 1.3 GHz Cortex-A9 quad-core central processing unit (CPU) and a twelve-core 416 MHz Nvidia GeForce ULP graphics processing unit (GPU). In conjunction with an accelerometer and gyroscope, the powerful GPU enables graphically demanding gameplay. The Tegra 3 processor, besides the four primary cores, features "Variable Symmetric Multiprocessing" that uses a fifth "stealth" core designed to take over during periods of low processor demand, helping to preserve battery life. Other features include a microphone, GPS, a magnetometer, a NFC chip with a Secure Element, and a 1.2 megapixel front-facing camera. The rear of the Nexus 7 features a dimpled plastic surface with a rubbery, leathery texture to help users to grip and hold the device.Google and Asus omitted cellular connectivity on initial models of the device, instead employing Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n as the only means for the tablet to connect to the Internet. A mobile-capable version of the device utilizing HSPA+ cellular technology with 32 GB of storage was later introduced in October 2012 for $299. Unlike most tablets, the Nexus 7 has NFC connectivity built in, which allows users to share files quickly with Android Beam and perform non-touch payments at sites that employ NFC cash registers.
| 9
|
[
"Google Nexus",
"developer",
"Google"
] |
Google Nexus is a discontinued line of consumer electronic devices that run the Android operating system. Google managed the design, development, marketing, and support of these devices, but some development and all manufacturing were carried out by partnering with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Alongside the main smartphone products, the line also included tablet computers and streaming media players; the Nexus started out in January 2010 and reached its end in October 2016, replaced by Google Pixel.
Devices in the Nexus line were considered Google's core Android products. They contained little to no manufacturer or wireless carrier modifications to Android (such as custom user interfaces), although devices sold through carriers may be SIM locked, had some extra branding, and may have received software updates at a slower pace than the unlocked variant. Save for some carrier-specific variants, Nexus devices were often among the first Android devices to receive updates to the operating system. All Nexus devices featured an unlockable bootloader to allow further development and end-user modification. Although Nexus devices were originally produced in small quantities as they were intended as developer phones, the lack of bloatware/modifications to Android while providing similar performance to more expensive flagship smartphones from OEMs gained Nexus devices a considerable following. In addition to the Nexus program, Google also sold Google Play editions of OEM devices, which run the "stock" version of Android without the OEM nor carrier modifications.OEMs that were part of the Nexus program were namely HTC, Samsung, LG, Motorola, Huawei and Asus. In late 2016, the Nexus lineup was replaced by the Google Pixel, which provides a similar stock Android experience but sold for considerably higher prices, directly competing with flagship smartphones from OEMs. Google stated that they "don't want to close a door completely, but there is no plan right now to do more Nexus devices." In 2017, Google partnered with HMD Global in making new Nokia phones, as part of the Android One program, which has been considered by some as a spiritual successor to the Nexus.Nexus 9
The Nexus 9 is an 8.9-inch tablet running Android 5.0 Lollipop, developed in collaboration between Google and HTC. It was first announced on October 15, 2014 along with the Nexus 6 and the Nexus Player.
Display: 8.9" Corning Gorilla Glass 3 with 2048×1536 pixel resolution
CPU: 2.3 GHz dual-core 64-bit Nvidia Tegra K1 "Denver"
Chipset: Nvidia Tegra K1
Storage: 16 or 32 GB
RAM: 2 GB
Dual front-facing speakers featuring HTC BoomSound
| 1
|
[
"Google Nexus",
"subclass of",
"smartphone model"
] |
Nexus 6
The Nexus 6 is a smartphone developed by Motorola, originally running Android 5.0 Lollipop (upgradeable to Android 7.1.1 Nougat). It was first announced on October 15, 2014 along with the Nexus 9 and the Nexus Player.
Display: 5.96" Quad HD AMOLED PenTile (RGBG) display with 1440×2560 pixel resolution (493 ppi)
Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 805 - Quad-core 2.7 GHz
Modem: Qualcomm MDM9625M
Storage: 32 or 64 GB
RAM: 3 GB
GPU: Adreno 420
Battery: 3220 mAh with Turbo Charging technology, non-removable, wired charging
Cameras: 13 MP rear camera with f/2.0 lens featuring OIS; 2 MP front camera
Speakers: Dual front facing stereo
Colors: Midnight Blue and Cloud White
| 5
|
[
"Google Nexus",
"followed by",
"Google Pixel"
] |
Google Nexus is a discontinued line of consumer electronic devices that run the Android operating system. Google managed the design, development, marketing, and support of these devices, but some development and all manufacturing were carried out by partnering with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Alongside the main smartphone products, the line also included tablet computers and streaming media players; the Nexus started out in January 2010 and reached its end in October 2016, replaced by Google Pixel.
Devices in the Nexus line were considered Google's core Android products. They contained little to no manufacturer or wireless carrier modifications to Android (such as custom user interfaces), although devices sold through carriers may be SIM locked, had some extra branding, and may have received software updates at a slower pace than the unlocked variant. Save for some carrier-specific variants, Nexus devices were often among the first Android devices to receive updates to the operating system. All Nexus devices featured an unlockable bootloader to allow further development and end-user modification. Although Nexus devices were originally produced in small quantities as they were intended as developer phones, the lack of bloatware/modifications to Android while providing similar performance to more expensive flagship smartphones from OEMs gained Nexus devices a considerable following. In addition to the Nexus program, Google also sold Google Play editions of OEM devices, which run the "stock" version of Android without the OEM nor carrier modifications.OEMs that were part of the Nexus program were namely HTC, Samsung, LG, Motorola, Huawei and Asus. In late 2016, the Nexus lineup was replaced by the Google Pixel, which provides a similar stock Android experience but sold for considerably higher prices, directly competing with flagship smartphones from OEMs. Google stated that they "don't want to close a door completely, but there is no plan right now to do more Nexus devices." In 2017, Google partnered with HMD Global in making new Nokia phones, as part of the Android One program, which has been considered by some as a spiritual successor to the Nexus.
| 7
|
[
"Google Nexus",
"instance of",
"electronic device model"
] |
Google Nexus is a discontinued line of consumer electronic devices that run the Android operating system. Google managed the design, development, marketing, and support of these devices, but some development and all manufacturing were carried out by partnering with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Alongside the main smartphone products, the line also included tablet computers and streaming media players; the Nexus started out in January 2010 and reached its end in October 2016, replaced by Google Pixel.
Devices in the Nexus line were considered Google's core Android products. They contained little to no manufacturer or wireless carrier modifications to Android (such as custom user interfaces), although devices sold through carriers may be SIM locked, had some extra branding, and may have received software updates at a slower pace than the unlocked variant. Save for some carrier-specific variants, Nexus devices were often among the first Android devices to receive updates to the operating system. All Nexus devices featured an unlockable bootloader to allow further development and end-user modification. Although Nexus devices were originally produced in small quantities as they were intended as developer phones, the lack of bloatware/modifications to Android while providing similar performance to more expensive flagship smartphones from OEMs gained Nexus devices a considerable following. In addition to the Nexus program, Google also sold Google Play editions of OEM devices, which run the "stock" version of Android without the OEM nor carrier modifications.OEMs that were part of the Nexus program were namely HTC, Samsung, LG, Motorola, Huawei and Asus. In late 2016, the Nexus lineup was replaced by the Google Pixel, which provides a similar stock Android experience but sold for considerably higher prices, directly competing with flagship smartphones from OEMs. Google stated that they "don't want to close a door completely, but there is no plan right now to do more Nexus devices." In 2017, Google partnered with HMD Global in making new Nokia phones, as part of the Android One program, which has been considered by some as a spiritual successor to the Nexus.Nexus 5X
The Nexus 5X is a smartphone developed by LG originally running Android 6.0 Marshmallow (upgradeable to Android 8.1.0 Oreo). It was first announced on September 29, 2015, along with the Nexus 6P and several other Google devices (such as the Pixel C tablet).
Display: 5.2" FHD LCD display with 1080×1920 pixel resolution (423ppi)
Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 808 - Hexa-core 1.8 GHz
Storage: 16 or 32 GB
RAM: 2 GB LPDDR3
GPU: Adreno 418
Battery: 2700 mAh with rapid charging, non-removable
Cameras: 12.3 MP rear camera with f/2.0 lens and IR laser-assisted autofocus; 5 MP front camera with f/2.0 lens
Speakers: Single front-facing speaker
Colors: Carbon (black), Quartz (white), and Ice (mint)Nexus Player
The Nexus Player is a streaming media player created in collaboration between Google and Asus. It is the first device running Android TV. It was first announced on October 15, 2014 along with the Nexus 6 and the Nexus 9. On May 24, 2016, Google discontinued sales of the Nexus Player. In March 2018, Google confirmed that the Nexus Player would not receive the upcoming version of Android, Android Pie, and that security updates had also ended for the device.
1.8 GHz quad-core Intel Atom processor
802.11ac 2x2 (MIMO)
HDMI out
Remote control (with 2 AAA batteries)
Gamepad (Purchased separately)
| 8
|
[
"Google Nexus",
"subclass of",
"electronic device model"
] |
Google Nexus is a discontinued line of consumer electronic devices that run the Android operating system. Google managed the design, development, marketing, and support of these devices, but some development and all manufacturing were carried out by partnering with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Alongside the main smartphone products, the line also included tablet computers and streaming media players; the Nexus started out in January 2010 and reached its end in October 2016, replaced by Google Pixel.
Devices in the Nexus line were considered Google's core Android products. They contained little to no manufacturer or wireless carrier modifications to Android (such as custom user interfaces), although devices sold through carriers may be SIM locked, had some extra branding, and may have received software updates at a slower pace than the unlocked variant. Save for some carrier-specific variants, Nexus devices were often among the first Android devices to receive updates to the operating system. All Nexus devices featured an unlockable bootloader to allow further development and end-user modification. Although Nexus devices were originally produced in small quantities as they were intended as developer phones, the lack of bloatware/modifications to Android while providing similar performance to more expensive flagship smartphones from OEMs gained Nexus devices a considerable following. In addition to the Nexus program, Google also sold Google Play editions of OEM devices, which run the "stock" version of Android without the OEM nor carrier modifications.OEMs that were part of the Nexus program were namely HTC, Samsung, LG, Motorola, Huawei and Asus. In late 2016, the Nexus lineup was replaced by the Google Pixel, which provides a similar stock Android experience but sold for considerably higher prices, directly competing with flagship smartphones from OEMs. Google stated that they "don't want to close a door completely, but there is no plan right now to do more Nexus devices." In 2017, Google partnered with HMD Global in making new Nokia phones, as part of the Android One program, which has been considered by some as a spiritual successor to the Nexus.
| 9
|
[
"Google Talk",
"instance of",
"client"
] |
Google Talk was an instant messaging service that provided both text and voice communication. The instant messaging service was variously referred to colloquially as Gchat, Gtalk, or Gmessage among its users.Google Talk was also the name of the client applications previously offered by Google to use the service. Google Talk applications were available for Microsoft Windows, Android, BlackBerry OS, BlackBerry 10 and ChromeOS operating systems. A Google Talk mobile web app had also been previously available. In February 2015, the Windows client was discontinued and ceased to work, with Google recommending users to use Google Hangouts instead. Users of Windows client were instructed to migrate to the Google Hangouts app on the Chrome browser platform. Currently, Google is migrating its users from Google Hangouts, to Google Chat and Google Meet.
| 8
|
[
"Google Talk",
"replaced by",
"Google Hangouts"
] |
2012
On April 20, 2012, Google announced that it was shutting down the mobile web app for Google Talk.In June 2012, Google announced that they were planning to revamp the chat experience by merging Google Talk with Hangouts and Google Messenger to reduce confusion and fragmentation.2013
At the Google I/O Conference 2013 Google announced that they were replacing Google Talk, Google+ Messenger and the original Google+ Hangout video chat service with Google+ Hangouts.On May 15, 2013, Google's manager of real-time communication products, Nikhyl Singhal, stated at Google I/O that the move to Google+ Hangouts would mean that XMPP (the protocol that allowed Google Talk to interoperate with other vendors and applications) will not be supported in Hangouts. Mr. Singhal stated that as long as Google Talk was available, 3rd party clients could be expected to continue to work.
| 24
|
[
"Bigtable",
"instance of",
"cloud database"
] |
Bigtable is a fully managed wide-column and key-value NoSQL database service for large analytical and operational workloads as part of the Google Cloud portfolio.History
Bigtable development began in 2004. It is now used by a number of Google applications, such as Google Analytics, web indexing, MapReduce, which is often used for generating and modifying data stored in Bigtable, Google Maps, Google Books search, "My Search History", Google Earth, Blogger.com, Google Code hosting, YouTube, and Gmail. Google's reasons for developing its own database include scalability and better control of performance characteristics.Google's Spanner RDBMS is layered on an implementation of Bigtable with a Paxos group for two-phase commits to each table. Google F1 was built using Spanner to replace an implementation based on MySQL.Apache HBase and Cassandra are some of the best known open source projects that were modeled after Bigtable.
On May 6, 2015, a public version of Bigtable was made available as a part of Google Cloud under the name Cloud Bigtable.
As of January 2022, Bigtable manages over 10 Exabytes of data and serves more than 5 billion requests per second. On January 27, 2022, Google announced a number of updates to Bigtable, including automated scalability.
| 7
|
[
"ChromeOS",
"developer",
"Google"
] |
ChromeOS, sometimes styled as chromeOS and formerly styled as Chrome OS, is a Linux-based operating system developed and designed by Google. It is derived from the open-source ChromiumOS and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface.
Google announced the project in July 2009, initially describing it as an operating system where applications and user data would reside in the cloud. ChromeOS was used primarily to run web applications.All ChromiumOS and ChromeOS versions support progressive web applications (such as Google Docs or Microsoft Office 365), as well as web browser extensions (which can resemble native applications). ChromeOS (but not ChromiumOS) from 2016 onwards can also run Android applications from Google Play. Since 2018, ChromiumOS/ChromeOS version 69 onwards also support Linux applications, which are executed in a lightweight virtual machine with a Debian Linux environment.The operating system is now usually evaluated in conjunction with the hardware that it runs on.
| 1
|
[
"ChromeOS",
"based on",
"Chromium OS"
] |
ChromeOS, sometimes styled as chromeOS and formerly styled as Chrome OS, is a Linux-based operating system developed and designed by Google. It is derived from the open-source ChromiumOS and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface.
Google announced the project in July 2009, initially describing it as an operating system where applications and user data would reside in the cloud. ChromeOS was used primarily to run web applications.All ChromiumOS and ChromeOS versions support progressive web applications (such as Google Docs or Microsoft Office 365), as well as web browser extensions (which can resemble native applications). ChromeOS (but not ChromiumOS) from 2016 onwards can also run Android applications from Google Play. Since 2018, ChromiumOS/ChromeOS version 69 onwards also support Linux applications, which are executed in a lightweight virtual machine with a Debian Linux environment.The operating system is now usually evaluated in conjunction with the hardware that it runs on.
| 5
|
[
"ChromeOS",
"instance of",
"Linux distribution"
] |
ChromeOS, sometimes styled as chromeOS and formerly styled as Chrome OS, is a Linux-based operating system developed and designed by Google. It is derived from the open-source ChromiumOS and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface.
Google announced the project in July 2009, initially describing it as an operating system where applications and user data would reside in the cloud. ChromeOS was used primarily to run web applications.All ChromiumOS and ChromeOS versions support progressive web applications (such as Google Docs or Microsoft Office 365), as well as web browser extensions (which can resemble native applications). ChromeOS (but not ChromiumOS) from 2016 onwards can also run Android applications from Google Play. Since 2018, ChromiumOS/ChromeOS version 69 onwards also support Linux applications, which are executed in a lightweight virtual machine with a Debian Linux environment.The operating system is now usually evaluated in conjunction with the hardware that it runs on.Architecture
ChromeOS is built on top of the Linux kernel. Originally based on Ubuntu, its base was changed to Gentoo Linux in February 2010. For Project Crostini, as of ChromeOS 80, Debian 10 (Buster) is the default container base image. In preliminary design documents for the ChromiumOS open-source project, Google described a three-tier architecture: firmware, browser and window manager, and system-level software and userland services.
The firmware contributes to fast boot time by not probing for hardware, such as floppy disk drives, that are no longer common on computers, especially netbooks. The firmware also contributes to security by verifying each step in the boot process and incorporating system recovery.
System-level software includes the Linux kernel that has been patched to improve boot performance. Userland software has been trimmed to essentials, with management by Upstart, which can launch services in parallel, re-spawn crashed jobs, and defer services in the interest of faster booting.
The window manager handles user interaction with multiple client windows (much like other X window managers).
| 6
|
[
"ChromiumOS",
"instance of",
"Linux distribution"
] |
ChromiumOS (formerly styled as Chromium OS) is a free and open-source operating system designed for running web applications and browsing the World Wide Web. It is the open-source version of ChromeOS, a Linux-based operating system made by Google.
Like ChromeOS, ChromiumOS is based on the Linux kernel, but its principal user interface is the Chromium web browser rather than the Google Chrome browser. ChromiumOS also includes the Portage package manager, which was originally developed for Gentoo Linux. Because ChromiumOS and ChromeOS use a web browser engine for the user interface, they are oriented toward web applications rather than desktop applications or mobile apps.Google first published the ChromiumOS source code in late 2009.
| 5
|
[
"Google Desktop",
"developer",
"Google"
] |
Google Desktop was a computer program with desktop search capabilities, created by Google for Linux, Apple Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows systems. It allowed text searches of a user's email messages, computer files, music, photos, chats, Web pages viewed, and the ability to display "Google Gadgets" on the user's desktop in a Sidebar.
In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Google Desktop. The reason given was that "In the last few years, there’s been a huge shift from local to cloud-based storage and computing, as well as the integration of search and gadget functionality into most modern operating systems. People now have instant access to their data, whether online or offline. As this was the goal of Google Desktop, the product will be discontinued.
| 1
|
[
"Google Desktop",
"platform",
"Linux"
] |
Google Desktop was a computer program with desktop search capabilities, created by Google for Linux, Apple Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows systems. It allowed text searches of a user's email messages, computer files, music, photos, chats, Web pages viewed, and the ability to display "Google Gadgets" on the user's desktop in a Sidebar.
In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Google Desktop. The reason given was that "In the last few years, there’s been a huge shift from local to cloud-based storage and computing, as well as the integration of search and gadget functionality into most modern operating systems. People now have instant access to their data, whether online or offline. As this was the goal of Google Desktop, the product will be discontinued.
| 2
|
[
"Google Desktop",
"platform",
"Microsoft Windows"
] |
Google Desktop was a computer program with desktop search capabilities, created by Google for Linux, Apple Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows systems. It allowed text searches of a user's email messages, computer files, music, photos, chats, Web pages viewed, and the ability to display "Google Gadgets" on the user's desktop in a Sidebar.
In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Google Desktop. The reason given was that "In the last few years, there’s been a huge shift from local to cloud-based storage and computing, as well as the integration of search and gadget functionality into most modern operating systems. People now have instant access to their data, whether online or offline. As this was the goal of Google Desktop, the product will be discontinued.
| 4
|
[
"Google Desktop",
"has part(s) of the class",
"sidebar"
] |
Sidebar
A prominent feature of the Google Desktop is the Sidebar, which holds several common Gadgets and resides off to one side of the desktop. The Sidebar is available on the Windows and Linux versions of Google Desktop. The Sidebar comes pre-installed with the following gadgets:
| 8
|
[
"Google Desktop",
"uses",
"Google Gadgets"
] |
Google Desktop was a computer program with desktop search capabilities, created by Google for Linux, Apple Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows systems. It allowed text searches of a user's email messages, computer files, music, photos, chats, Web pages viewed, and the ability to display "Google Gadgets" on the user's desktop in a Sidebar.
In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Google Desktop. The reason given was that "In the last few years, there’s been a huge shift from local to cloud-based storage and computing, as well as the integration of search and gadget functionality into most modern operating systems. People now have instant access to their data, whether online or offline. As this was the goal of Google Desktop, the product will be discontinued.Sidebar
A prominent feature of the Google Desktop is the Sidebar, which holds several common Gadgets and resides off to one side of the desktop. The Sidebar is available on the Windows and Linux versions of Google Desktop. The Sidebar comes pre-installed with the following gadgets:Gadgets and plug-ins
Desktop gadgets are interactive mini-applications that can be placed anywhere on the user's desktop – or docked in the Sidebar – to show new email, weather, photos, and personalized news. Google offers a gallery of pre-built gadgets for download on the official website. For developers, Google offers an SDK and an official blog for anyone who wants to write gadgets or plug-ins for Google Desktop. An automated system creates a developer hierarchy called the "Google Desktop Hall of Fame", where programmers can advance based on their gadgets' number and popularity.
The SDK also allows third-party applications to make use of the search facilities provided by Google Desktop Search. For example, the file manager Directory Opus offers integrated Google Desktop Search support.
| 9
|
[
"Google Desktop",
"instance of",
"desktop search"
] |
Google Desktop was a computer program with desktop search capabilities, created by Google for Linux, Apple Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows systems. It allowed text searches of a user's email messages, computer files, music, photos, chats, Web pages viewed, and the ability to display "Google Gadgets" on the user's desktop in a Sidebar.
In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Google Desktop. The reason given was that "In the last few years, there’s been a huge shift from local to cloud-based storage and computing, as well as the integration of search and gadget functionality into most modern operating systems. People now have instant access to their data, whether online or offline. As this was the goal of Google Desktop, the product will be discontinued.Quick Find
When searching in the sidebar, deskbar or floating deskbar, Google Desktop displays a "Quick Find" window. This window is filled with six (by default) of the most relevant results from the user's computer. These results update as the user types, and allows use without having to open another browser window.Deskbars
Deskbars are boxes which enable searching directly from the desktop. Web results will open in a browser window, and selected computer results will be displayed in the "Quick Find" box (see above). A Deskbar can either be a fixed deskbar, which sits in the Windows Taskbar, or a Floating Deskbar, which may be positioned anywhere on the desktop.Results list: title meta data
Even though other desktop search programs can search files meta data, Google Desktop (for Windows) is the only one that uses the "title" tag for its results lists of all files (On Linux it shows the meta-data of HTML files, but not PDF files). Other programs use the file names for their results lists.
The use of the "title" tag gives a significantly better user experience, since metadata titles (when present) are written in ordinary language, while file names are less communicative.
When the title meta data is missing from a file, Google Desktop reverts to use its filename.
| 12
|
[
"Google Desktop",
"has use",
"desktop search"
] |
Deskbars
Deskbars are boxes which enable searching directly from the desktop. Web results will open in a browser window, and selected computer results will be displayed in the "Quick Find" box (see above). A Deskbar can either be a fixed deskbar, which sits in the Windows Taskbar, or a Floating Deskbar, which may be positioned anywhere on the desktop.
| 13
|
[
"Google Closure Tools",
"developer",
"Google"
] |
Google Closure Tools is a set of tools to help developers build rich web applications with JavaScript. It was developed by Google for use in their web applications such as Gmail, Google Docs and Google Maps.Closure Compiler
The Closure Compiler is a tool for making JavaScript downloads run faster, at the expense of human readability. It does not compile from JavaScript to machine code, but rather compiles from JavaScript to more efficient JavaScript.
It parses JavaScript, analyzes it, removes dead code and rewrites and minifies what is left. It also checks syntax, variable references, and types and warns about common JavaScript pitfalls. It supports transpiling modern ECMAScript code to ECMAScript 5, so that programmers can write JavaScript that uses those features, and run it in browsers or other environments that do not yet support them. (the Traceur Compiler is another Google project that supports transpiling ES6 to ES3.)
| 0
|
[
"Google Closure Tools",
"instance of",
"software"
] |
Google Closure Tools is a set of tools to help developers build rich web applications with JavaScript. It was developed by Google for use in their web applications such as Gmail, Google Docs and Google Maps.
| 2
|
[
"Google Goggles",
"developer",
"Google"
] |
Google Goggles was an image recognition mobile app developed by Google. It was used for searches based on pictures taken by handheld devices. For example, taking a picture of a famous landmark searches for information about it, or taking a picture of a product's barcode would search for information on the product.History
Google Goggles was developed for use on Google's Android operating system for mobile devices. While initially only available in a beta version for Android phones, Google announced its plans to enable the software to run on other platforms, notably iPhone and BlackBerry devices. Google did not discuss a non-handheld format. Google product manager Shailesh Nalawadi indicated that Google wanted Goggles to be an application platform, much like Google Maps, not just a single product. On October 5, 2010, Google announced availability of Google Goggles for devices running iOS 4.0. In a May 2014 update to Google Mobile for iOS, the Google Goggles feature was removed.
At Google I/O 2017, a similar app, Google Lens was announced that has similar functions as Goggles and uses the Google Assistant.The app was officially discontinued on August 20, 2018 with its last update directing users to download Google Lens or Google Photos upon launching the app.
| 1
|
[
"Google Goggles",
"instance of",
"image recognition"
] |
Google Goggles was an image recognition mobile app developed by Google. It was used for searches based on pictures taken by handheld devices. For example, taking a picture of a famous landmark searches for information about it, or taking a picture of a product's barcode would search for information on the product.History
Google Goggles was developed for use on Google's Android operating system for mobile devices. While initially only available in a beta version for Android phones, Google announced its plans to enable the software to run on other platforms, notably iPhone and BlackBerry devices. Google did not discuss a non-handheld format. Google product manager Shailesh Nalawadi indicated that Google wanted Goggles to be an application platform, much like Google Maps, not just a single product. On October 5, 2010, Google announced availability of Google Goggles for devices running iOS 4.0. In a May 2014 update to Google Mobile for iOS, the Google Goggles feature was removed.
At Google I/O 2017, a similar app, Google Lens was announced that has similar functions as Goggles and uses the Google Assistant.The app was officially discontinued on August 20, 2018 with its last update directing users to download Google Lens or Google Photos upon launching the app.
| 13
|
[
"Google Web Toolkit",
"instance of",
"widget toolkit"
] |
History
GWT version 1.0 RC 1 was released on May 16, 2006. Google announced GWT at the JavaOne conference in 2006.
In August 2010, Google acquired Instantiations, a company known for focusing on Eclipse Java developer tools, including GWT Designer, which is now bundled with Google Plugin for Eclipse.
In 2011 with the introduction of the Dart programming language, Google reassured the GWT community that GWT would continue to be supported for the foreseeable future but also hinted at a possible rapprochement between the two Google approaches to "structured web programming". They've also admitted, however, that several of the engineers previously working on GWT are now working on Dart.In 2012 at their annual I/O conference, Google announced that GWT would be transformed from a Google project to a fully open-sourced project. In July 2013, Google posted on its GWT blog that the transformation to an open-source project was complete.
| 7
|
[
"Google Web Toolkit",
"instance of",
"Ajax framework"
] |
Google Web Toolkit (GWT ), or GWT Web Toolkit, is an open-source set of tools that allows web developers to create and maintain JavaScript front-end applications in Java. It is licensed under Apache License 2.0.GWT emphasizes reusable approaches to everyday web development tasks, namely asynchronous remote procedure calls, history management, bookmarking, UI abstraction, internationalization, and cross-browser portability.History
GWT version 1.0 RC 1 was released on May 16, 2006. Google announced GWT at the JavaOne conference in 2006.
In August 2010, Google acquired Instantiations, a company known for focusing on Eclipse Java developer tools, including GWT Designer, which is now bundled with Google Plugin for Eclipse.
In 2011 with the introduction of the Dart programming language, Google reassured the GWT community that GWT would continue to be supported for the foreseeable future but also hinted at a possible rapprochement between the two Google approaches to "structured web programming". They've also admitted, however, that several of the engineers previously working on GWT are now working on Dart.In 2012 at their annual I/O conference, Google announced that GWT would be transformed from a Google project to a fully open-sourced project. In July 2013, Google posted on its GWT blog that the transformation to an open-source project was complete.
| 8
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"developer",
"Google"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.
| 0
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.
| 1
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"has use",
"geographic information system"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.Structure
The KML file specifies a set of features (place marks, images, polygons, 3D models, textual descriptions, etc.) that can be displayed on maps in geospatial software implementing the KML encoding. Every place has a longitude and a latitude. Other data can make a view more specific, such as tilt, heading, or altitude, which together define a "camera view" along with a timestamp or timespan. KML shares some of the same structural grammar as Geography Markup Language (GML). Some KML information cannot be viewed in Google Maps or Mobile.KML files are very often distributed as KMZ files, which are zipped KML files with a .kmz extension. The contents of a KMZ file are a single root KML document (notionally "doc.kml") and optionally any overlays, images, icons, and COLLADA 3D models referenced in the KML including network-linked KML files. The root KML document by convention is a file named "doc.kml" at the root directory level, which is the file loaded upon opening. By convention the root KML document is at root level and referenced files are in subdirectories (e.g. images for overlay).An example KML document is:
| 3
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"instance of",
"open file format"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.
| 4
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"instance of",
"GIS file formats"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.
| 5
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"named after",
"Keyhole, Inc"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.
| 6
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"developer",
"Keyhole, Inc"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.
| 7
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Keyhole Markup Language"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.
| 8
|
[
"Keyhole Markup Language",
"instance of",
"XML-based format"
] |
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but other projects such as Marble have added KML support.
| 9
|
[
"Google Pack",
"instance of",
"software"
] |
Google Pack was a collection of software tools offered by Google to download in a single archive. It was announced at the 2006 Consumer Electronics Show, on January 6. Google Pack was only available for Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7.
In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Google Pack. Google Pack is no longer available for download.
| 3
|
[
"Google Pack",
"has part(s)",
"Skype"
] |
Third-party
Mozilla Firefox with Google Toolbar
Spyware Doctor with Anti-Virus
Adobe Reader, a document viewer
RealPlayer, a multi-media player
Skype, a VoIP application
StarOffice, a productivity suite that includes a word processor, a spreadsheet and a presentation program.
Immunet Protect Antivirus
avast! Free Antivirus
WebM for IE9In March 2007, Google added two new applications to the Google Pack: Spyware Doctor Starter Edition and Norton Security Scan. These programs were free and did not require a subscription, unlike Norton AntiVirus. However, Norton Security Scan does not offer continuous protection against viruses. Norton Security Scan scans the computer and identifies if there are existing viruses, worms, spyware, unwanted adware or Trojans residing on it.
The program's functionality is similar to Microsoft's Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool.
Google has stated they have no monetary agreement with the makers of the above software and they offered the applications for the ease of Google's customers. They didn't receive any payment for providing the software pack, although Miguel Helft in his New York Times blog reported that an unidentified source stated that Google may pay Sun for each copy of StarOffice. StarOffice was no longer part of Google Pack since November 2008.
Google has included the VoIP application Skype in the pack, even though it is a competitor of Google's own Google Talk.Some industry observers claimed that the release was little more than a collection of software "that Google's wrapped a rubber band around".
| 4
|
[
"Google Pack",
"has part(s)",
"Picasa"
] |
Available applications before discontinued service
Users could choose which of the following software applications to install. If the application was already installed, Google Updater checked to see if the user had the latest version and upgraded it, if necessary.The software applications that were available to download depended on the language, locale, and operating system.Google-branded
Google Desktop
Picasa, a photograph organizer and editor
Google Toolbar for Internet Explorer
Google Photos Screensaver, which displays pictures from the user's computers
Google Earth, an electronic globe
Google Talk, an instant messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP) application
Google Video Player, a multi-media player, now withdrawn
Google Chrome, a free web browser developed by GoogleMac Software
Google Quick Search Box
Google Earth
Picasa for Mac
SketchUp
Notifier for Mac
Picasa Web Albums Uploader
Toolbar for Firefox
| 5
|
[
"Google Pack",
"has part(s)",
"Google Toolbar"
] |
Google-branded
Google Desktop
Picasa, a photograph organizer and editor
Google Toolbar for Internet Explorer
Google Photos Screensaver, which displays pictures from the user's computers
Google Earth, an electronic globe
Google Talk, an instant messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP) application
Google Video Player, a multi-media player, now withdrawn
Google Chrome, a free web browser developed by GoogleThird-party
Mozilla Firefox with Google Toolbar
Spyware Doctor with Anti-Virus
Adobe Reader, a document viewer
RealPlayer, a multi-media player
Skype, a VoIP application
StarOffice, a productivity suite that includes a word processor, a spreadsheet and a presentation program.
Immunet Protect Antivirus
avast! Free Antivirus
WebM for IE9In March 2007, Google added two new applications to the Google Pack: Spyware Doctor Starter Edition and Norton Security Scan. These programs were free and did not require a subscription, unlike Norton AntiVirus. However, Norton Security Scan does not offer continuous protection against viruses. Norton Security Scan scans the computer and identifies if there are existing viruses, worms, spyware, unwanted adware or Trojans residing on it.
The program's functionality is similar to Microsoft's Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool.
Google has stated they have no monetary agreement with the makers of the above software and they offered the applications for the ease of Google's customers. They didn't receive any payment for providing the software pack, although Miguel Helft in his New York Times blog reported that an unidentified source stated that Google may pay Sun for each copy of StarOffice. StarOffice was no longer part of Google Pack since November 2008.
Google has included the VoIP application Skype in the pack, even though it is a competitor of Google's own Google Talk.Some industry observers claimed that the release was little more than a collection of software "that Google's wrapped a rubber band around".
| 12
|
[
"Google Pack",
"has part(s)",
"RealPlayer"
] |
Third-party
Mozilla Firefox with Google Toolbar
Spyware Doctor with Anti-Virus
Adobe Reader, a document viewer
RealPlayer, a multi-media player
Skype, a VoIP application
StarOffice, a productivity suite that includes a word processor, a spreadsheet and a presentation program.
Immunet Protect Antivirus
avast! Free Antivirus
WebM for IE9In March 2007, Google added two new applications to the Google Pack: Spyware Doctor Starter Edition and Norton Security Scan. These programs were free and did not require a subscription, unlike Norton AntiVirus. However, Norton Security Scan does not offer continuous protection against viruses. Norton Security Scan scans the computer and identifies if there are existing viruses, worms, spyware, unwanted adware or Trojans residing on it.
The program's functionality is similar to Microsoft's Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool.
Google has stated they have no monetary agreement with the makers of the above software and they offered the applications for the ease of Google's customers. They didn't receive any payment for providing the software pack, although Miguel Helft in his New York Times blog reported that an unidentified source stated that Google may pay Sun for each copy of StarOffice. StarOffice was no longer part of Google Pack since November 2008.
Google has included the VoIP application Skype in the pack, even though it is a competitor of Google's own Google Talk.Some industry observers claimed that the release was little more than a collection of software "that Google's wrapped a rubber band around".
| 14
|
[
"Joyce King",
"country of citizenship",
"Australia"
] |
Joyce A. King (1 September 1920 – 10 June 2001) was an Australian sprinter. She was born in Sydney.
In 1948, she won the Australian national championships over 100 yards and 220 yards.
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London the same year she won a silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay with teammates Shirley Strickland, June Maston and Elizabeth McKinnon.
| 1
|
[
"Joyce King",
"country for sport",
"Australia"
] |
Joyce A. King (1 September 1920 – 10 June 2001) was an Australian sprinter. She was born in Sydney.
In 1948, she won the Australian national championships over 100 yards and 220 yards.
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London the same year she won a silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay with teammates Shirley Strickland, June Maston and Elizabeth McKinnon.
| 2
|
[
"Willie Gault",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Willie James Gault (born September 5, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons with the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Raiders. Considered one of the fastest NFL players of all-time, Gault was a member of the Bears team that won Super Bowl XX. He was also a member of the U.S. Olympic team that boycotted the 1980 Olympics.
Gault played college football at the University of Tennessee from 1979 to 1982. He led the Vols in all-purpose yardage as a sophomore, junior and senior, and was named to the All-American team in 1982. He still holds numerous school kickoff return records.Gault married his high school sweetheart, writer/author/actress Dainnese Mathis Gault in 1983. They were married from 1983 to 2002 and have two children.
Gault is currently pursuing a career as an actor. He also remains active in masters athletics, setting world masters records in the 100 metres and 200 metres dashes for the 45–49, the 50–54, and the 55–59 age groups.
| 1
|
[
"Willie Gault",
"country of citizenship",
"United States of America"
] |
Willie James Gault (born September 5, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons with the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Raiders. Considered one of the fastest NFL players of all-time, Gault was a member of the Bears team that won Super Bowl XX. He was also a member of the U.S. Olympic team that boycotted the 1980 Olympics.
Gault played college football at the University of Tennessee from 1979 to 1982. He led the Vols in all-purpose yardage as a sophomore, junior and senior, and was named to the All-American team in 1982. He still holds numerous school kickoff return records.Gault married his high school sweetheart, writer/author/actress Dainnese Mathis Gault in 1983. They were married from 1983 to 2002 and have two children.
Gault is currently pursuing a career as an actor. He also remains active in masters athletics, setting world masters records in the 100 metres and 200 metres dashes for the 45–49, the 50–54, and the 55–59 age groups.
| 2
|
[
"Willie Gault",
"sport",
"American football"
] |
Willie James Gault (born September 5, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons with the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Raiders. Considered one of the fastest NFL players of all-time, Gault was a member of the Bears team that won Super Bowl XX. He was also a member of the U.S. Olympic team that boycotted the 1980 Olympics.
Gault played college football at the University of Tennessee from 1979 to 1982. He led the Vols in all-purpose yardage as a sophomore, junior and senior, and was named to the All-American team in 1982. He still holds numerous school kickoff return records.Gault married his high school sweetheart, writer/author/actress Dainnese Mathis Gault in 1983. They were married from 1983 to 2002 and have two children.
Gault is currently pursuing a career as an actor. He also remains active in masters athletics, setting world masters records in the 100 metres and 200 metres dashes for the 45–49, the 50–54, and the 55–59 age groups.
| 7
|
[
"Willie Gault",
"occupation",
"actor"
] |
Willie James Gault (born September 5, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons with the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Raiders. Considered one of the fastest NFL players of all-time, Gault was a member of the Bears team that won Super Bowl XX. He was also a member of the U.S. Olympic team that boycotted the 1980 Olympics.
Gault played college football at the University of Tennessee from 1979 to 1982. He led the Vols in all-purpose yardage as a sophomore, junior and senior, and was named to the All-American team in 1982. He still holds numerous school kickoff return records.Gault married his high school sweetheart, writer/author/actress Dainnese Mathis Gault in 1983. They were married from 1983 to 2002 and have two children.
Gault is currently pursuing a career as an actor. He also remains active in masters athletics, setting world masters records in the 100 metres and 200 metres dashes for the 45–49, the 50–54, and the 55–59 age groups.
| 8
|
[
"Willie Gault",
"occupation",
"film actor"
] |
Willie James Gault (born September 5, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons with the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Raiders. Considered one of the fastest NFL players of all-time, Gault was a member of the Bears team that won Super Bowl XX. He was also a member of the U.S. Olympic team that boycotted the 1980 Olympics.
Gault played college football at the University of Tennessee from 1979 to 1982. He led the Vols in all-purpose yardage as a sophomore, junior and senior, and was named to the All-American team in 1982. He still holds numerous school kickoff return records.Gault married his high school sweetheart, writer/author/actress Dainnese Mathis Gault in 1983. They were married from 1983 to 2002 and have two children.
Gault is currently pursuing a career as an actor. He also remains active in masters athletics, setting world masters records in the 100 metres and 200 metres dashes for the 45–49, the 50–54, and the 55–59 age groups.
| 12
|
[
"Willie Gault",
"member of sports team",
"Tennessee Volunteers football"
] |
Willie James Gault (born September 5, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons with the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles Raiders. Considered one of the fastest NFL players of all-time, Gault was a member of the Bears team that won Super Bowl XX. He was also a member of the U.S. Olympic team that boycotted the 1980 Olympics.
Gault played college football at the University of Tennessee from 1979 to 1982. He led the Vols in all-purpose yardage as a sophomore, junior and senior, and was named to the All-American team in 1982. He still holds numerous school kickoff return records.Gault married his high school sweetheart, writer/author/actress Dainnese Mathis Gault in 1983. They were married from 1983 to 2002 and have two children.
Gault is currently pursuing a career as an actor. He also remains active in masters athletics, setting world masters records in the 100 metres and 200 metres dashes for the 45–49, the 50–54, and the 55–59 age groups.
| 13
|
[
"Willie Gault",
"place of birth",
"Griffin"
] |
High school
Gault was born and raised in Griffin, Georgia. He was named for his mother, Willie Mae. Both of his parents worked in a textile mill. He later recalled that his classmates considered him a "teacher's pet."Gault played football and ran track for Griffin High School. He had two receptions for 19 yards in Griffin's 7-7 tie against Valdosta in the AAAA State Championship Game during his junior year. He had a 48-yard touchdown catch for the North team in the 1979 GACA North/South Game (a preseason all-star game). During his senior year, he caught 33 passes and scored 7 touchdowns, averaging 19 yards per catch. He was named All-State following his junior and senior seasons.
| 16
|
[
"Willie Gault",
"educated at",
"Griffin High School"
] |
High school
Gault was born and raised in Griffin, Georgia. He was named for his mother, Willie Mae. Both of his parents worked in a textile mill. He later recalled that his classmates considered him a "teacher's pet."Gault played football and ran track for Griffin High School. He had two receptions for 19 yards in Griffin's 7-7 tie against Valdosta in the AAAA State Championship Game during his junior year. He had a 48-yard touchdown catch for the North team in the 1979 GACA North/South Game (a preseason all-star game). During his senior year, he caught 33 passes and scored 7 touchdowns, averaging 19 yards per catch. He was named All-State following his junior and senior seasons.
| 19
|
[
"R.S. Ginnastica Torino",
"location",
"Turin"
] |
Reale Società Ginnastica di Torino is a sports club from Turin, founded on 17 March 1844. It is the oldest of its kind in Italy, it is most famous for competing in the Italian Football Championship with its football section which opened in 1897.Football section
The famous Torinese sports club opened its football section in 1897 to compete in the Concorsi Federali di Calcio, a footballing competition organised by FNGI, this competition was in existence before the Italian Football Championship. They were victorious in their first ever competition.
1898 was an eventful year for the club, they competed in the first ever Italian Football Championship, it was played on 8 May 1898 at Velodromo Umberto I in Turin; Ginnastica Torino lost their semi-final match 2–1 to Genoa. However they also entered the Concorsi Federali di Calcio competition that year and won it for the second time by beating a team from Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna.The following season, the club adopted Campo Piazza d’Armi as their homeground, it was located near Parco Cavalieri di Vittorio Veneto which is in the Santa Rita neighbourhood of Turin. After beating FBC Torinese 2–0 in the elimination match, Ginnastica lost out 2–0 to Internazionale Torino seven days later. After three more unsuccessful seasons in which they went out during the first match (including a 5–0 defeat to Juventus in 1901) the football section of the club stopped competing in 1902.
| 2
|
[
"R.S. Ginnastica Torino",
"sport",
"association football"
] |
Reale Società Ginnastica di Torino is a sports club from Turin, founded on 17 March 1844. It is the oldest of its kind in Italy, it is most famous for competing in the Italian Football Championship with its football section which opened in 1897.Football section
The famous Torinese sports club opened its football section in 1897 to compete in the Concorsi Federali di Calcio, a footballing competition organised by FNGI, this competition was in existence before the Italian Football Championship. They were victorious in their first ever competition.
1898 was an eventful year for the club, they competed in the first ever Italian Football Championship, it was played on 8 May 1898 at Velodromo Umberto I in Turin; Ginnastica Torino lost their semi-final match 2–1 to Genoa. However they also entered the Concorsi Federali di Calcio competition that year and won it for the second time by beating a team from Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna.The following season, the club adopted Campo Piazza d’Armi as their homeground, it was located near Parco Cavalieri di Vittorio Veneto which is in the Santa Rita neighbourhood of Turin. After beating FBC Torinese 2–0 in the elimination match, Ginnastica lost out 2–0 to Internazionale Torino seven days later. After three more unsuccessful seasons in which they went out during the first match (including a 5–0 defeat to Juventus in 1901) the football section of the club stopped competing in 1902.
| 4
|
[
"R.S. Ginnastica Torino",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Reale Società Ginnastica di Torino"
] |
Reale Società Ginnastica di Torino is a sports club from Turin, founded on 17 March 1844. It is the oldest of its kind in Italy, it is most famous for competing in the Italian Football Championship with its football section which opened in 1897.
| 14
|
[
"R.S. Ginnastica Torino",
"instance of",
"multi-sport club"
] |
Reale Società Ginnastica di Torino is a sports club from Turin, founded on 17 March 1844. It is the oldest of its kind in Italy, it is most famous for competing in the Italian Football Championship with its football section which opened in 1897.Football section
The famous Torinese sports club opened its football section in 1897 to compete in the Concorsi Federali di Calcio, a footballing competition organised by FNGI, this competition was in existence before the Italian Football Championship. They were victorious in their first ever competition.
1898 was an eventful year for the club, they competed in the first ever Italian Football Championship, it was played on 8 May 1898 at Velodromo Umberto I in Turin; Ginnastica Torino lost their semi-final match 2–1 to Genoa. However they also entered the Concorsi Federali di Calcio competition that year and won it for the second time by beating a team from Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna.The following season, the club adopted Campo Piazza d’Armi as their homeground, it was located near Parco Cavalieri di Vittorio Veneto which is in the Santa Rita neighbourhood of Turin. After beating FBC Torinese 2–0 in the elimination match, Ginnastica lost out 2–0 to Internazionale Torino seven days later. After three more unsuccessful seasons in which they went out during the first match (including a 5–0 defeat to Juventus in 1901) the football section of the club stopped competing in 1902.
| 15
|
[
"Valencia Marathon",
"country",
"Spain"
] |
The Valencia Marathon (also known as Marathon Valencia Trinidad Alfonso EDP for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon road running event hosted by Valencia, Spain since 1981. It is categorized as a Platinum Label Road Race by World Athletics. The race is organised by the Valencian sports club SD Correcaminos, which also organises the annual Valencia Half Marathon.
The marathon is ranked Nº1 amongst marathons in the Spanish Road Races Ranking.
| 0
|
[
"Valencia Marathon",
"sports discipline competed in",
"athletics"
] |
The Valencia Marathon (also known as Marathon Valencia Trinidad Alfonso EDP for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon road running event hosted by Valencia, Spain since 1981. It is categorized as a Platinum Label Road Race by World Athletics. The race is organised by the Valencian sports club SD Correcaminos, which also organises the annual Valencia Half Marathon.
The marathon is ranked Nº1 amongst marathons in the Spanish Road Races Ranking.
| 1
|
[
"Valencia Marathon",
"instance of",
"marathon"
] |
The Valencia Marathon (also known as Marathon Valencia Trinidad Alfonso EDP for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon road running event hosted by Valencia, Spain since 1981. It is categorized as a Platinum Label Road Race by World Athletics. The race is organised by the Valencian sports club SD Correcaminos, which also organises the annual Valencia Half Marathon.
The marathon is ranked Nº1 amongst marathons in the Spanish Road Races Ranking.
| 2
|
[
"Valencia Marathon",
"sport",
"marathon"
] |
The Valencia Marathon (also known as Marathon Valencia Trinidad Alfonso EDP for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon road running event hosted by Valencia, Spain since 1981. It is categorized as a Platinum Label Road Race by World Athletics. The race is organised by the Valencian sports club SD Correcaminos, which also organises the annual Valencia Half Marathon.
The marathon is ranked Nº1 amongst marathons in the Spanish Road Races Ranking.
| 3
|
[
"Valencia Marathon",
"location",
"Valencia"
] |
The Valencia Marathon (also known as Marathon Valencia Trinidad Alfonso EDP for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon road running event hosted by Valencia, Spain since 1981. It is categorized as a Platinum Label Road Race by World Athletics. The race is organised by the Valencian sports club SD Correcaminos, which also organises the annual Valencia Half Marathon.
The marathon is ranked Nº1 amongst marathons in the Spanish Road Races Ranking.
| 4
|
[
"Xie Zhenye",
"sports discipline competed in",
"athletics"
] |
Xie Zhenye (Chinese: 谢震业; pinyin: Xiè Zhènyè, born August 17, 1993) is a Chinese sprinter. He is the current Asian record holder of the 200 metres with a time of 19.88 seconds. Xie's personal best in the 100 metres of 9.97 seconds makes him the second Chinese sprinter to record a time below the 10-second barrier, after his compatriot Su Bingtian. Xie represented China at the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics where he became the first Chinese athlete to have ever qualified for a semi-final of men's 200 metres at any Summer Olympic Games.Career
Early career
Xie won the 200 metres gold medal at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. In 2011 he set a new 100 metres personal best of 10.36 seconds and a 200 m best of 20.79 seconds. He won the 200 m title at the Chinese City Games that year.Xie took 100 metres silver and 200 metres gold at the 2012 Asian Junior Athletics Championships. He was also a finalist in both events at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics. He was China's representative in the 200 m at the 2012 London Olympics but did not progress beyond the heats. He equalled the Chinese record for that event with a run of 20.54 seconds and closed his year with a win at the Chinese Athletics Championships. In his opening meeting of 2013 he ran a 60 metres best of 6.66 seconds and broke the Chinese indoor record in the 200 m, running 20.93 seconds.
| 3
|
[
"Xie Zhenye",
"participant in",
"2012 Summer Olympics"
] |
Xie Zhenye (Chinese: 谢震业; pinyin: Xiè Zhènyè, born August 17, 1993) is a Chinese sprinter. He is the current Asian record holder of the 200 metres with a time of 19.88 seconds. Xie's personal best in the 100 metres of 9.97 seconds makes him the second Chinese sprinter to record a time below the 10-second barrier, after his compatriot Su Bingtian. Xie represented China at the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics where he became the first Chinese athlete to have ever qualified for a semi-final of men's 200 metres at any Summer Olympic Games.Career
Early career
Xie won the 200 metres gold medal at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. In 2011 he set a new 100 metres personal best of 10.36 seconds and a 200 m best of 20.79 seconds. He won the 200 m title at the Chinese City Games that year.Xie took 100 metres silver and 200 metres gold at the 2012 Asian Junior Athletics Championships. He was also a finalist in both events at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics. He was China's representative in the 200 m at the 2012 London Olympics but did not progress beyond the heats. He equalled the Chinese record for that event with a run of 20.54 seconds and closed his year with a win at the Chinese Athletics Championships. In his opening meeting of 2013 he ran a 60 metres best of 6.66 seconds and broke the Chinese indoor record in the 200 m, running 20.93 seconds.
| 4
|
[
"Xie Zhenye",
"sports discipline competed in",
"100 metres"
] |
Xie Zhenye (Chinese: 谢震业; pinyin: Xiè Zhènyè, born August 17, 1993) is a Chinese sprinter. He is the current Asian record holder of the 200 metres with a time of 19.88 seconds. Xie's personal best in the 100 metres of 9.97 seconds makes him the second Chinese sprinter to record a time below the 10-second barrier, after his compatriot Su Bingtian. Xie represented China at the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics where he became the first Chinese athlete to have ever qualified for a semi-final of men's 200 metres at any Summer Olympic Games.Career
Early career
Xie won the 200 metres gold medal at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. In 2011 he set a new 100 metres personal best of 10.36 seconds and a 200 m best of 20.79 seconds. He won the 200 m title at the Chinese City Games that year.Xie took 100 metres silver and 200 metres gold at the 2012 Asian Junior Athletics Championships. He was also a finalist in both events at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics. He was China's representative in the 200 m at the 2012 London Olympics but did not progress beyond the heats. He equalled the Chinese record for that event with a run of 20.54 seconds and closed his year with a win at the Chinese Athletics Championships. In his opening meeting of 2013 he ran a 60 metres best of 6.66 seconds and broke the Chinese indoor record in the 200 m, running 20.93 seconds.
| 6
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