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[
"Second Schmidt cabinet",
"country",
"Germany"
] |
The Second Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 16 December 1976 and 5 November 1980, during the 8th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt, the cabinet was a coalition between the Social Democrats (SDP) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The Vice-Chancellor was the Free Democrat Hans-Dietrich Genscher (FDP).Composition
See also
Cabinet of Germany
| 0
|
[
"Second Schmidt cabinet",
"head of government",
"Helmut Schmidt"
] |
The Second Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 16 December 1976 and 5 November 1980, during the 8th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt, the cabinet was a coalition between the Social Democrats (SDP) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The Vice-Chancellor was the Free Democrat Hans-Dietrich Genscher (FDP).Composition
See also
Cabinet of Germany
| 2
|
[
"Third Schmidt cabinet",
"country",
"Germany"
] |
The Third Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 6 November 1980 and 1 October 1982, during the 9th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt. After the 1980 federal election, incumbent Chancellor Schmidt continued the social-liberal coalition between his SPD and the FDP.
In 1982 the coalition collapsed. A first cabinet reshuffle was performed on 28 April, replacing several ministers. The split culminated in the resignation of all FDP ministers on 17 September. Schmidt briefly replaced them with an all-SPD cabinet before being voted out of office in a constructive vote of no confidence in favour of Helmut Kohl, who formed the first Kohl cabinet.
| 0
|
[
"Third Schmidt cabinet",
"head of government",
"Helmut Schmidt"
] |
The Third Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 6 November 1980 and 1 October 1982, during the 9th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt. After the 1980 federal election, incumbent Chancellor Schmidt continued the social-liberal coalition between his SPD and the FDP.
In 1982 the coalition collapsed. A first cabinet reshuffle was performed on 28 April, replacing several ministers. The split culminated in the resignation of all FDP ministers on 17 September. Schmidt briefly replaced them with an all-SPD cabinet before being voted out of office in a constructive vote of no confidence in favour of Helmut Kohl, who formed the first Kohl cabinet.
| 2
|
[
"Third Schmidt cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany"
] |
The Third Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 6 November 1980 and 1 October 1982, during the 9th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt. After the 1980 federal election, incumbent Chancellor Schmidt continued the social-liberal coalition between his SPD and the FDP.
In 1982 the coalition collapsed. A first cabinet reshuffle was performed on 28 April, replacing several ministers. The split culminated in the resignation of all FDP ministers on 17 September. Schmidt briefly replaced them with an all-SPD cabinet before being voted out of office in a constructive vote of no confidence in favour of Helmut Kohl, who formed the first Kohl cabinet.
| 3
|
[
"Third Schmidt cabinet",
"followed by",
"Cabinet Kohl I"
] |
The Third Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 6 November 1980 and 1 October 1982, during the 9th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt. After the 1980 federal election, incumbent Chancellor Schmidt continued the social-liberal coalition between his SPD and the FDP.
In 1982 the coalition collapsed. A first cabinet reshuffle was performed on 28 April, replacing several ministers. The split culminated in the resignation of all FDP ministers on 17 September. Schmidt briefly replaced them with an all-SPD cabinet before being voted out of office in a constructive vote of no confidence in favour of Helmut Kohl, who formed the first Kohl cabinet.
| 6
|
[
"First Schmidt cabinet",
"country",
"Germany"
] |
The First Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 16 May 1974 and 14 December 1976, during the 7th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt, the cabinet was a coalition between the Social Democrats (SDP) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The Vice-Chancellor was the Free Democrat Hans-Dietrich Genscher (FDP).
| 0
|
[
"First Schmidt cabinet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Germany"
] |
The First Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 16 May 1974 and 14 December 1976, during the 7th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt, the cabinet was a coalition between the Social Democrats (SDP) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The Vice-Chancellor was the Free Democrat Hans-Dietrich Genscher (FDP).
| 1
|
[
"First Schmidt cabinet",
"head of government",
"Helmut Schmidt"
] |
The First Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 16 May 1974 and 14 December 1976, during the 7th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt, the cabinet was a coalition between the Social Democrats (SDP) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The Vice-Chancellor was the Free Democrat Hans-Dietrich Genscher (FDP).
| 2
|
[
"First Schmidt cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany"
] |
The First Schmidt cabinet was the government of Germany between 16 May 1974 and 14 December 1976, during the 7th legislature of the Bundestag. Led by the Social Democrat Helmut Schmidt, the cabinet was a coalition between the Social Democrats (SDP) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The Vice-Chancellor was the Free Democrat Hans-Dietrich Genscher (FDP).
| 3
|
[
"Third Kohl cabinet",
"country",
"Germany"
] |
The Third Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on March 12, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1987 elections. This cabinet oversaw the German Reunification. It laid down its function on January 18, 1991, after the formation of the Fourth Kohl cabinet, which was formed following the 1990 elections.
| 0
|
[
"Third Kohl cabinet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Germany"
] |
The Third Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on March 12, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1987 elections. This cabinet oversaw the German Reunification. It laid down its function on January 18, 1991, after the formation of the Fourth Kohl cabinet, which was formed following the 1990 elections.
| 1
|
[
"Third Kohl cabinet",
"head of government",
"Helmut Kohl"
] |
The Third Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on March 12, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1987 elections. This cabinet oversaw the German Reunification. It laid down its function on January 18, 1991, after the formation of the Fourth Kohl cabinet, which was formed following the 1990 elections.
| 3
|
[
"Third Kohl cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany"
] |
The Third Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on March 12, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1987 elections. This cabinet oversaw the German Reunification. It laid down its function on January 18, 1991, after the formation of the Fourth Kohl cabinet, which was formed following the 1990 elections.Composition
| 4
|
[
"Third Kohl cabinet",
"followed by",
"Cabinet Kohl IV"
] |
The Third Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on March 12, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1987 elections. This cabinet oversaw the German Reunification. It laid down its function on January 18, 1991, after the formation of the Fourth Kohl cabinet, which was formed following the 1990 elections.
| 7
|
[
"Third Kohl cabinet",
"replaced by",
"Cabinet Kohl IV"
] |
The Third Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on March 12, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1987 elections. This cabinet oversaw the German Reunification. It laid down its function on January 18, 1991, after the formation of the Fourth Kohl cabinet, which was formed following the 1990 elections.
| 8
|
[
"Second Kohl cabinet",
"head of government",
"Helmut Kohl"
] |
Within the politics of Germany, the Second Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl, was sworn in on March 29, 1983 and laid down its function on March 11, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1983 elections. It was succeeded by the Cabinet Kohl III, which was formed following the 1987 elections. Starting in June 1986 it was the first West German federal cabinet to have a Minister of the Environment.
| 3
|
[
"Second Kohl cabinet",
"followed by",
"Cabinet Kohl III"
] |
Within the politics of Germany, the Second Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl, was sworn in on March 29, 1983 and laid down its function on March 11, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1983 elections. It was succeeded by the Cabinet Kohl III, which was formed following the 1987 elections. Starting in June 1986 it was the first West German federal cabinet to have a Minister of the Environment.
| 5
|
[
"Second Kohl cabinet",
"replaced by",
"Cabinet Kohl III"
] |
Within the politics of Germany, the Second Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl, was sworn in on March 29, 1983 and laid down its function on March 11, 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1983 elections. It was succeeded by the Cabinet Kohl III, which was formed following the 1987 elections. Starting in June 1986 it was the first West German federal cabinet to have a Minister of the Environment.
| 6
|
[
"First Kohl cabinet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Germany"
] |
The First Kohl cabinet (German: Kabinett Kohl I) was the 13th Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was sworn in on 4 October 1982 following a successful constructive vote of no confidence, by which Helmut Kohl replaced Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor. It was the first (and as yet only) German federal cabinet formed after a constructive vote of no confidence. After ascending to the chancellorship, Kohl and his coalition sought to bring about new elections as quickly as possible, which he achieved by deliberately losing a confidence motion and then having the Bundestag dissolved by the president at the chancellor's request. The following 1983 federal election on 6 March 1983 resulted in a re-election of Kohl and his newly formed CDU/CSU/FDP-coalition. On 30 March 1983, Kohl was again elected chancellor by the Bundestag and formed his second cabinet. With a duration of just under half a year, the cabinet Kohl I was the shortest-lived German government since the cabinet von Schleicher (3 December 1932–28 January 1933) during the Weimar Republic and is, as yet, the shortest-lived cabinet in the history of the Federal Republic.
| 1
|
[
"First Kohl cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany"
] |
The First Kohl cabinet (German: Kabinett Kohl I) was the 13th Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was sworn in on 4 October 1982 following a successful constructive vote of no confidence, by which Helmut Kohl replaced Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor. It was the first (and as yet only) German federal cabinet formed after a constructive vote of no confidence. After ascending to the chancellorship, Kohl and his coalition sought to bring about new elections as quickly as possible, which he achieved by deliberately losing a confidence motion and then having the Bundestag dissolved by the president at the chancellor's request. The following 1983 federal election on 6 March 1983 resulted in a re-election of Kohl and his newly formed CDU/CSU/FDP-coalition. On 30 March 1983, Kohl was again elected chancellor by the Bundestag and formed his second cabinet. With a duration of just under half a year, the cabinet Kohl I was the shortest-lived German government since the cabinet von Schleicher (3 December 1932–28 January 1933) during the Weimar Republic and is, as yet, the shortest-lived cabinet in the history of the Federal Republic.
| 4
|
[
"First Kohl cabinet",
"replaces",
"Cabinet Schmidt III"
] |
The First Kohl cabinet (German: Kabinett Kohl I) was the 13th Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was sworn in on 4 October 1982 following a successful constructive vote of no confidence, by which Helmut Kohl replaced Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor. It was the first (and as yet only) German federal cabinet formed after a constructive vote of no confidence. After ascending to the chancellorship, Kohl and his coalition sought to bring about new elections as quickly as possible, which he achieved by deliberately losing a confidence motion and then having the Bundestag dissolved by the president at the chancellor's request. The following 1983 federal election on 6 March 1983 resulted in a re-election of Kohl and his newly formed CDU/CSU/FDP-coalition. On 30 March 1983, Kohl was again elected chancellor by the Bundestag and formed his second cabinet. With a duration of just under half a year, the cabinet Kohl I was the shortest-lived German government since the cabinet von Schleicher (3 December 1932–28 January 1933) during the Weimar Republic and is, as yet, the shortest-lived cabinet in the history of the Federal Republic.
| 6
|
[
"First Kohl cabinet",
"followed by",
"Cabinet Kohl II"
] |
The First Kohl cabinet (German: Kabinett Kohl I) was the 13th Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was sworn in on 4 October 1982 following a successful constructive vote of no confidence, by which Helmut Kohl replaced Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor. It was the first (and as yet only) German federal cabinet formed after a constructive vote of no confidence. After ascending to the chancellorship, Kohl and his coalition sought to bring about new elections as quickly as possible, which he achieved by deliberately losing a confidence motion and then having the Bundestag dissolved by the president at the chancellor's request. The following 1983 federal election on 6 March 1983 resulted in a re-election of Kohl and his newly formed CDU/CSU/FDP-coalition. On 30 March 1983, Kohl was again elected chancellor by the Bundestag and formed his second cabinet. With a duration of just under half a year, the cabinet Kohl I was the shortest-lived German government since the cabinet von Schleicher (3 December 1932–28 January 1933) during the Weimar Republic and is, as yet, the shortest-lived cabinet in the history of the Federal Republic.
| 7
|
[
"First Kohl cabinet",
"replaced by",
"Cabinet Kohl II"
] |
The First Kohl cabinet (German: Kabinett Kohl I) was the 13th Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was sworn in on 4 October 1982 following a successful constructive vote of no confidence, by which Helmut Kohl replaced Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor. It was the first (and as yet only) German federal cabinet formed after a constructive vote of no confidence. After ascending to the chancellorship, Kohl and his coalition sought to bring about new elections as quickly as possible, which he achieved by deliberately losing a confidence motion and then having the Bundestag dissolved by the president at the chancellor's request. The following 1983 federal election on 6 March 1983 resulted in a re-election of Kohl and his newly formed CDU/CSU/FDP-coalition. On 30 March 1983, Kohl was again elected chancellor by the Bundestag and formed his second cabinet. With a duration of just under half a year, the cabinet Kohl I was the shortest-lived German government since the cabinet von Schleicher (3 December 1932–28 January 1933) during the Weimar Republic and is, as yet, the shortest-lived cabinet in the history of the Federal Republic.
| 8
|
[
"Fourth Kohl cabinet",
"head of government",
"Helmut Kohl"
] |
The Fourth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on 18 January 1991 and laid down its function on 15 November 1994. The cabinet was formed after the 1990 elections. It laid down its function after the formation of the Cabinet Kohl V, which was formed following the 1994 elections.
This cabinet was the first to be formed after German Reunification. Among the East German politicians to enter the government was future chancellor Angela Merkel, as minister of women and health.
| 2
|
[
"Fourth Kohl cabinet",
"replaced by",
"Cabinet Kohl V"
] |
The Fourth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on 18 January 1991 and laid down its function on 15 November 1994. The cabinet was formed after the 1990 elections. It laid down its function after the formation of the Cabinet Kohl V, which was formed following the 1994 elections.
This cabinet was the first to be formed after German Reunification. Among the East German politicians to enter the government was future chancellor Angela Merkel, as minister of women and health.
| 4
|
[
"Fourth Kohl cabinet",
"followed by",
"Cabinet Kohl V"
] |
The Fourth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on 18 January 1991 and laid down its function on 15 November 1994. The cabinet was formed after the 1990 elections. It laid down its function after the formation of the Cabinet Kohl V, which was formed following the 1994 elections.
This cabinet was the first to be formed after German Reunification. Among the East German politicians to enter the government was future chancellor Angela Merkel, as minister of women and health.
| 8
|
[
"Fifth Kohl cabinet",
"head of government",
"Helmut Kohl"
] |
The Fifth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on 15 November 1994 and laid down its function on 27 October 1998. The cabinet was formed after the 1994 elections. It laid down its function after the formation of the Cabinet Schröder I, which was formed following the 1998 elections.
| 2
|
[
"Fifth Kohl cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany"
] |
The Fifth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on 15 November 1994 and laid down its function on 27 October 1998. The cabinet was formed after the 1994 elections. It laid down its function after the formation of the Cabinet Schröder I, which was formed following the 1998 elections.
| 3
|
[
"Fifth Kohl cabinet",
"followed by",
"Cabinet Schröder I"
] |
The Fifth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on 15 November 1994 and laid down its function on 27 October 1998. The cabinet was formed after the 1994 elections. It laid down its function after the formation of the Cabinet Schröder I, which was formed following the 1998 elections.
| 6
|
[
"Fifth Kohl cabinet",
"replaced by",
"Cabinet Schröder I"
] |
The Fifth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in on 15 November 1994 and laid down its function on 27 October 1998. The cabinet was formed after the 1994 elections. It laid down its function after the formation of the Cabinet Schröder I, which was formed following the 1998 elections.
| 7
|
[
"First Schröder cabinet",
"country",
"Germany"
] |
The First Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder I) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 27 October 1998 until 22 October 2002. It succeeded the Fifth Kohl cabinet formed after the 1998 elections. Gerhard Schröder, Minister President of Lower Saxony, reached an agreement on a coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD), setting the stage for Schröder to become Chancellor of Germany. Joschka Fischer (Greens) replaced Klaus Kinkel (FDP) as Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the Second Schröder cabinet.
| 0
|
[
"First Schröder cabinet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Germany"
] |
The First Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder I) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 27 October 1998 until 22 October 2002. It succeeded the Fifth Kohl cabinet formed after the 1998 elections. Gerhard Schröder, Minister President of Lower Saxony, reached an agreement on a coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD), setting the stage for Schröder to become Chancellor of Germany. Joschka Fischer (Greens) replaced Klaus Kinkel (FDP) as Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the Second Schröder cabinet.
| 1
|
[
"First Schröder cabinet",
"head of government",
"Gerhard Schröder"
] |
The First Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder I) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 27 October 1998 until 22 October 2002. It succeeded the Fifth Kohl cabinet formed after the 1998 elections. Gerhard Schröder, Minister President of Lower Saxony, reached an agreement on a coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD), setting the stage for Schröder to become Chancellor of Germany. Joschka Fischer (Greens) replaced Klaus Kinkel (FDP) as Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the Second Schröder cabinet.
| 2
|
[
"First Schröder cabinet",
"named after",
"Gerhard Schröder"
] |
The First Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder I) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 27 October 1998 until 22 October 2002. It succeeded the Fifth Kohl cabinet formed after the 1998 elections. Gerhard Schröder, Minister President of Lower Saxony, reached an agreement on a coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD), setting the stage for Schröder to become Chancellor of Germany. Joschka Fischer (Greens) replaced Klaus Kinkel (FDP) as Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the Second Schröder cabinet.
| 3
|
[
"First Schröder cabinet",
"followed by",
"Cabinet Schröder II"
] |
The First Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder I) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 27 October 1998 until 22 October 2002. It succeeded the Fifth Kohl cabinet formed after the 1998 elections. Gerhard Schröder, Minister President of Lower Saxony, reached an agreement on a coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD), setting the stage for Schröder to become Chancellor of Germany. Joschka Fischer (Greens) replaced Klaus Kinkel (FDP) as Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the Second Schröder cabinet.
| 4
|
[
"First Schröder cabinet",
"replaced by",
"Cabinet Schröder II"
] |
The First Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder I) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 27 October 1998 until 22 October 2002. It succeeded the Fifth Kohl cabinet formed after the 1998 elections. Gerhard Schröder, Minister President of Lower Saxony, reached an agreement on a coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD), setting the stage for Schröder to become Chancellor of Germany. Joschka Fischer (Greens) replaced Klaus Kinkel (FDP) as Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the Second Schröder cabinet.
| 5
|
[
"First Schröder cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany"
] |
The First Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder I) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 27 October 1998 until 22 October 2002. It succeeded the Fifth Kohl cabinet formed after the 1998 elections. Gerhard Schröder, Minister President of Lower Saxony, reached an agreement on a coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD), setting the stage for Schröder to become Chancellor of Germany. Joschka Fischer (Greens) replaced Klaus Kinkel (FDP) as Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the Second Schröder cabinet.
| 6
|
[
"First Schröder cabinet",
"replaces",
"Cabinet Kohl V"
] |
The First Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder I) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 27 October 1998 until 22 October 2002. It succeeded the Fifth Kohl cabinet formed after the 1998 elections. Gerhard Schröder, Minister President of Lower Saxony, reached an agreement on a coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD), setting the stage for Schröder to become Chancellor of Germany. Joschka Fischer (Greens) replaced Klaus Kinkel (FDP) as Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the Second Schröder cabinet.
| 8
|
[
"Second Schröder cabinet",
"country",
"Germany"
] |
The Second Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder II) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 22 October 2002 until 22 November 2005. It succeeded the First Schröder cabinet formed after the 2002 elections. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, continue the coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD). Joschka Fischer (Greens) served as Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the First Merkel cabinet following the 2005 elections.
| 0
|
[
"Second Schröder cabinet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Germany"
] |
The Second Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder II) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 22 October 2002 until 22 November 2005. It succeeded the First Schröder cabinet formed after the 2002 elections. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, continue the coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD). Joschka Fischer (Greens) served as Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the First Merkel cabinet following the 2005 elections.
| 1
|
[
"Second Schröder cabinet",
"head of government",
"Gerhard Schröder"
] |
The Second Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder II) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 22 October 2002 until 22 November 2005. It succeeded the First Schröder cabinet formed after the 2002 elections. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, continue the coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD). Joschka Fischer (Greens) served as Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the First Merkel cabinet following the 2005 elections.
| 2
|
[
"Second Schröder cabinet",
"replaces",
"Cabinet Schröder I"
] |
The Second Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder II) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 22 October 2002 until 22 November 2005. It succeeded the First Schröder cabinet formed after the 2002 elections. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, continue the coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD). Joschka Fischer (Greens) served as Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the First Merkel cabinet following the 2005 elections.
| 5
|
[
"Second Schröder cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the Federal Republic of Germany"
] |
The Second Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder II) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 22 October 2002 until 22 November 2005. It succeeded the First Schröder cabinet formed after the 2002 elections. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, continue the coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD). Joschka Fischer (Greens) served as Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the First Merkel cabinet following the 2005 elections.
| 6
|
[
"Second Schröder cabinet",
"followed by",
"First Merkel cabinet"
] |
The Second Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder II) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 22 October 2002 until 22 November 2005. It succeeded the First Schröder cabinet formed after the 2002 elections. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, continue the coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD). Joschka Fischer (Greens) served as Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the First Merkel cabinet following the 2005 elections.
| 7
|
[
"Second Schröder cabinet",
"replaced by",
"First Merkel cabinet"
] |
The Second Schröder cabinet (German: Kabinett Schröder II) was the 19th Government of Federal Republic of Germany in office from 22 October 2002 until 22 November 2005. It succeeded the First Schröder cabinet formed after the 2002 elections. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, continue the coalition with the Alliance 90/The Greens (Greens) and his Social Democratic Party (SPD). Joschka Fischer (Greens) served as Vice Chancellor of Germany and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs. The cabinet was succeeded by the First Merkel cabinet following the 2005 elections.
| 8
|
[
"National People's Army",
"country",
"German Democratic Republic"
] |
The National People's Army (German: Nationale Volksarmee, pronounced [natsi̯oˈnaːlə ˈfɔlksʔaʁˌmeː] (listen); NVA [ɛn faʊ ˈʔaː] (listen)) were the armed forces of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1956 to 1990.
The NVA was organized into four branches: the Landstreitkräfte (Ground Forces), the Volksmarine (Navy), the Luftstreitkräfte (Air Force) and the Grenztruppen (Border Troops). The NVA belonged to the Ministry of National Defence and commanded by the National Defense Council of East Germany, headquartered in Strausberg 30 kilometers (19 mi) east of East Berlin. From 1962, conscription was mandatory for all GDR males aged between 18 and 60 requiring an 18-month service, and it was the only Warsaw Pact military to offer non-combat roles to conscientious objectors, known as "construction soldiers" (Bausoldat). The NVA reached 175,300 personnel at its peak in 1987.
The NVA was formed on 1 March 1956 to succeed the Kasernierte Volkspolizei (Barracked People's Police) and under the influence of the Soviet Army became one of the Warsaw Pact militaries opposing NATO during the Cold War. The majority of NATO officers rated the NVA the best military in the Warsaw Pact based on discipline, thoroughness of training, and the quality of officer leadership. The NVA did not see significant combat but participated in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, deployed military advisors to communist governments in other countries, and manned the Berlin Wall where they were responsible for numerous deaths. The NVA was dissolved on 2 October 1990 with the GDR before German reunification, and its facilities and equipment were handed over to the Bundeswehr (the armed forces of West Germany), which also absorbed most of its personnel below the rank of non-commissioned officer.History
The German Democratic Republic (GDR) established the National People's Army on 1 March 1956 (six months after the formation of the West German Bundeswehr) from the Kasernierte Volkspolizei. This formation culminated years of preparation during which former Wehrmacht officers and communist veterans of the Spanish Civil War helped organize and train paramilitary units of the People's Police. Though the NVA featured a German appearance – including uniforms and ceremonies patterned after older German military traditions – its doctrine and structure showed the strong influence of the Soviet Armed Forces.
During its first year, about 27 percent of the NVA's officer corps had formerly served in the Wehrmacht. Of the 82 highest command positions, ex-Wehrmacht officers held 61; however, very few of them had served in high ranks. The military knowledge and combat experience of these veterans were indispensable in the NVA's early years, although by the 1960s most of these World War II veterans had retired. (The West German Bundeswehr was even more reliant on Wehrmacht veterans, who initially comprised the majority of its commissioned ranks.)
| 2
|
[
"National People's Army",
"headquarters location",
"Strausberg"
] |
Organization
The NVA had four main branches:
The Landstreitkräfte (Ground Forces) with an active strength of 108,000 in the following divisions:
1st Motor Rifle Division (Potsdam-Eiche)
4th Motor Rifle Division (Erfurt)
6th Motor Rifle Division (Königswartha)
7th Panzer Division (Dresden)
8th Motor Rifle Division (Schwerin)
9th Panzer Division (Eggesin)
10th Motor Rifle Division (Ronneburg)
11th Motor Rifle Division (Halle)
17th Motor Rifle Division (Petersroda)
19th Motor Rifle Division (Wulkow)
20th Motor Rifle Division (Bredenfelde)
The Volksmarine (People's Navy) with a strength of 18,300
The Luftstreitkräfte/Luftverteidigung (Air Forces/Air Defence) with a strength of 58,000In wartime, mobilization of the NVA's reserves would have nearly doubled its strength. GDR authorities also had at their disposal the internal security troops of the Ministry of the Interior (the Kasernierte Volkspolizei) and the Ministry for State Security (the Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment) along with the 210,000 strong party auxiliary "Combat Groups of the Working Class" (Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse), who were available in times of war.
The highest level of leadership for the NVA was the Ministry for National Defense (Ministerium für Nationale Verteidigung) headquartered in Strausberg near East Berlin. NVA administration was divided into the following commands:
| 9
|
[
"National People's Army",
"has part(s)",
"East German Navy"
] |
The National People's Army (German: Nationale Volksarmee, pronounced [natsi̯oˈnaːlə ˈfɔlksʔaʁˌmeː] (listen); NVA [ɛn faʊ ˈʔaː] (listen)) were the armed forces of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1956 to 1990.
The NVA was organized into four branches: the Landstreitkräfte (Ground Forces), the Volksmarine (Navy), the Luftstreitkräfte (Air Force) and the Grenztruppen (Border Troops). The NVA belonged to the Ministry of National Defence and commanded by the National Defense Council of East Germany, headquartered in Strausberg 30 kilometers (19 mi) east of East Berlin. From 1962, conscription was mandatory for all GDR males aged between 18 and 60 requiring an 18-month service, and it was the only Warsaw Pact military to offer non-combat roles to conscientious objectors, known as "construction soldiers" (Bausoldat). The NVA reached 175,300 personnel at its peak in 1987.
The NVA was formed on 1 March 1956 to succeed the Kasernierte Volkspolizei (Barracked People's Police) and under the influence of the Soviet Army became one of the Warsaw Pact militaries opposing NATO during the Cold War. The majority of NATO officers rated the NVA the best military in the Warsaw Pact based on discipline, thoroughness of training, and the quality of officer leadership. The NVA did not see significant combat but participated in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, deployed military advisors to communist governments in other countries, and manned the Berlin Wall where they were responsible for numerous deaths. The NVA was dissolved on 2 October 1990 with the GDR before German reunification, and its facilities and equipment were handed over to the Bundeswehr (the armed forces of West Germany), which also absorbed most of its personnel below the rank of non-commissioned officer.
| 11
|
[
"National People's Army",
"has part(s)",
"East German Land Forces"
] |
The National People's Army (German: Nationale Volksarmee, pronounced [natsi̯oˈnaːlə ˈfɔlksʔaʁˌmeː] (listen); NVA [ɛn faʊ ˈʔaː] (listen)) were the armed forces of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1956 to 1990.
The NVA was organized into four branches: the Landstreitkräfte (Ground Forces), the Volksmarine (Navy), the Luftstreitkräfte (Air Force) and the Grenztruppen (Border Troops). The NVA belonged to the Ministry of National Defence and commanded by the National Defense Council of East Germany, headquartered in Strausberg 30 kilometers (19 mi) east of East Berlin. From 1962, conscription was mandatory for all GDR males aged between 18 and 60 requiring an 18-month service, and it was the only Warsaw Pact military to offer non-combat roles to conscientious objectors, known as "construction soldiers" (Bausoldat). The NVA reached 175,300 personnel at its peak in 1987.
The NVA was formed on 1 March 1956 to succeed the Kasernierte Volkspolizei (Barracked People's Police) and under the influence of the Soviet Army became one of the Warsaw Pact militaries opposing NATO during the Cold War. The majority of NATO officers rated the NVA the best military in the Warsaw Pact based on discipline, thoroughness of training, and the quality of officer leadership. The NVA did not see significant combat but participated in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, deployed military advisors to communist governments in other countries, and manned the Berlin Wall where they were responsible for numerous deaths. The NVA was dissolved on 2 October 1990 with the GDR before German reunification, and its facilities and equipment were handed over to the Bundeswehr (the armed forces of West Germany), which also absorbed most of its personnel below the rank of non-commissioned officer.
| 12
|
[
"National People's Army",
"replaces",
"Kasernierte Volkspolizei"
] |
History
The German Democratic Republic (GDR) established the National People's Army on 1 March 1956 (six months after the formation of the West German Bundeswehr) from the Kasernierte Volkspolizei. This formation culminated years of preparation during which former Wehrmacht officers and communist veterans of the Spanish Civil War helped organize and train paramilitary units of the People's Police. Though the NVA featured a German appearance – including uniforms and ceremonies patterned after older German military traditions – its doctrine and structure showed the strong influence of the Soviet Armed Forces.
During its first year, about 27 percent of the NVA's officer corps had formerly served in the Wehrmacht. Of the 82 highest command positions, ex-Wehrmacht officers held 61; however, very few of them had served in high ranks. The military knowledge and combat experience of these veterans were indispensable in the NVA's early years, although by the 1960s most of these World War II veterans had retired. (The West German Bundeswehr was even more reliant on Wehrmacht veterans, who initially comprised the majority of its commissioned ranks.)
| 14
|
[
"Rajiv Gandhi ministry",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"India"
] |
Rajiv Gandhi was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984.Rajiv Gandhi's cabinet included 7 Agriculturists, 15 Lawyers, 4 Journalists and 3 former Princely state rulers.The ministry also included 2 ministers from Far Eastern India(North East India).
| 0
|
[
"Rajiv Gandhi ministry",
"instance of",
"Union Council of Ministers of India"
] |
Rajiv Gandhi was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984.Rajiv Gandhi's cabinet included 7 Agriculturists, 15 Lawyers, 4 Journalists and 3 former Princely state rulers.The ministry also included 2 ministers from Far Eastern India(North East India).
| 2
|
[
"Frederiksen I Cabinet",
"country",
"Denmark"
] |
The Frederiksen I Cabinet took office on 27 June 2019 and succeeded the Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet following the 2019 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it was a minority government consisting of the Social Democrats. It relied on parliamentary support from the Red–Green Alliance, the Socialist People's Party, and the Social Liberal Party.On 5 October 2022, Frederiksen announced there would be a new election to the Folketing on 1 November 2022.
On 2 November 2022, Frederiksen informed the queen that the cabinet would resign that day, continuing in an acting capacity until a new government could be formed. On 13 December 2022, it was announced that a new majority government would be formed consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates, led by Frederiksen. The government was formed on 15 December 2022.
| 0
|
[
"Frederiksen I Cabinet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Denmark"
] |
The Frederiksen I Cabinet took office on 27 June 2019 and succeeded the Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet following the 2019 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it was a minority government consisting of the Social Democrats. It relied on parliamentary support from the Red–Green Alliance, the Socialist People's Party, and the Social Liberal Party.On 5 October 2022, Frederiksen announced there would be a new election to the Folketing on 1 November 2022.
On 2 November 2022, Frederiksen informed the queen that the cabinet would resign that day, continuing in an acting capacity until a new government could be formed. On 13 December 2022, it was announced that a new majority government would be formed consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates, led by Frederiksen. The government was formed on 15 December 2022.
| 1
|
[
"Frederiksen I Cabinet",
"head of government",
"Mette Frederiksen"
] |
The Frederiksen I Cabinet took office on 27 June 2019 and succeeded the Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet following the 2019 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it was a minority government consisting of the Social Democrats. It relied on parliamentary support from the Red–Green Alliance, the Socialist People's Party, and the Social Liberal Party.On 5 October 2022, Frederiksen announced there would be a new election to the Folketing on 1 November 2022.
On 2 November 2022, Frederiksen informed the queen that the cabinet would resign that day, continuing in an acting capacity until a new government could be formed. On 13 December 2022, it was announced that a new majority government would be formed consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates, led by Frederiksen. The government was formed on 15 December 2022.
| 2
|
[
"Frederiksen I Cabinet",
"named after",
"Mette Frederiksen"
] |
The Frederiksen I Cabinet took office on 27 June 2019 and succeeded the Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet following the 2019 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it was a minority government consisting of the Social Democrats. It relied on parliamentary support from the Red–Green Alliance, the Socialist People's Party, and the Social Liberal Party.On 5 October 2022, Frederiksen announced there would be a new election to the Folketing on 1 November 2022.
On 2 November 2022, Frederiksen informed the queen that the cabinet would resign that day, continuing in an acting capacity until a new government could be formed. On 13 December 2022, it was announced that a new majority government would be formed consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates, led by Frederiksen. The government was formed on 15 December 2022.
| 3
|
[
"Frederiksen I Cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of Denmark"
] |
The Frederiksen I Cabinet took office on 27 June 2019 and succeeded the Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet following the 2019 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it was a minority government consisting of the Social Democrats. It relied on parliamentary support from the Red–Green Alliance, the Socialist People's Party, and the Social Liberal Party.On 5 October 2022, Frederiksen announced there would be a new election to the Folketing on 1 November 2022.
On 2 November 2022, Frederiksen informed the queen that the cabinet would resign that day, continuing in an acting capacity until a new government could be formed. On 13 December 2022, it was announced that a new majority government would be formed consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates, led by Frederiksen. The government was formed on 15 December 2022.
| 4
|
[
"Frederiksen I Cabinet",
"followed by",
"Frederiksen II Cabinet"
] |
The Frederiksen I Cabinet took office on 27 June 2019 and succeeded the Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet following the 2019 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it was a minority government consisting of the Social Democrats. It relied on parliamentary support from the Red–Green Alliance, the Socialist People's Party, and the Social Liberal Party.On 5 October 2022, Frederiksen announced there would be a new election to the Folketing on 1 November 2022.
On 2 November 2022, Frederiksen informed the queen that the cabinet would resign that day, continuing in an acting capacity until a new government could be formed. On 13 December 2022, it was announced that a new majority government would be formed consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates, led by Frederiksen. The government was formed on 15 December 2022.
| 7
|
[
"Frederiksen II Cabinet",
"country",
"Denmark"
] |
The Frederiksen II Cabinet (colloquially, the SVM government (Danish: SVM-regeringen) took office on 15 December 2022 and succeeded the Frederiksen I Cabinet following the 2022 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it is a grand coalition consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates. It was announced on 13 December following a record 42 days of negotiations. The government is supported by the Union Party and the Social Democratic Party from the Faroe Islands, as well as Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit from Greenland. The Social Liberals has also said that it intends to be neither a supporting party nor part of the opposition. As the government has 89 of the 179 seats in the Folketing, it effectively operates as a majority government.It is the first time in more than 40 years the Social Democrats and the Liberals (Venstre), who are usually rivals, are in a government together.
| 0
|
[
"Frederiksen II Cabinet",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Denmark"
] |
The Frederiksen II Cabinet (colloquially, the SVM government (Danish: SVM-regeringen) took office on 15 December 2022 and succeeded the Frederiksen I Cabinet following the 2022 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it is a grand coalition consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates. It was announced on 13 December following a record 42 days of negotiations. The government is supported by the Union Party and the Social Democratic Party from the Faroe Islands, as well as Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit from Greenland. The Social Liberals has also said that it intends to be neither a supporting party nor part of the opposition. As the government has 89 of the 179 seats in the Folketing, it effectively operates as a majority government.It is the first time in more than 40 years the Social Democrats and the Liberals (Venstre), who are usually rivals, are in a government together.
| 1
|
[
"Frederiksen II Cabinet",
"head of government",
"Mette Frederiksen"
] |
The Frederiksen II Cabinet (colloquially, the SVM government (Danish: SVM-regeringen) took office on 15 December 2022 and succeeded the Frederiksen I Cabinet following the 2022 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it is a grand coalition consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates. It was announced on 13 December following a record 42 days of negotiations. The government is supported by the Union Party and the Social Democratic Party from the Faroe Islands, as well as Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit from Greenland. The Social Liberals has also said that it intends to be neither a supporting party nor part of the opposition. As the government has 89 of the 179 seats in the Folketing, it effectively operates as a majority government.It is the first time in more than 40 years the Social Democrats and the Liberals (Venstre), who are usually rivals, are in a government together.
| 2
|
[
"Frederiksen II Cabinet",
"named after",
"Mette Frederiksen"
] |
The Frederiksen II Cabinet (colloquially, the SVM government (Danish: SVM-regeringen) took office on 15 December 2022 and succeeded the Frederiksen I Cabinet following the 2022 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it is a grand coalition consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates. It was announced on 13 December following a record 42 days of negotiations. The government is supported by the Union Party and the Social Democratic Party from the Faroe Islands, as well as Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit from Greenland. The Social Liberals has also said that it intends to be neither a supporting party nor part of the opposition. As the government has 89 of the 179 seats in the Folketing, it effectively operates as a majority government.It is the first time in more than 40 years the Social Democrats and the Liberals (Venstre), who are usually rivals, are in a government together.
| 3
|
[
"Frederiksen II Cabinet",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of Denmark"
] |
The Frederiksen II Cabinet (colloquially, the SVM government (Danish: SVM-regeringen) took office on 15 December 2022 and succeeded the Frederiksen I Cabinet following the 2022 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it is a grand coalition consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates. It was announced on 13 December following a record 42 days of negotiations. The government is supported by the Union Party and the Social Democratic Party from the Faroe Islands, as well as Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit from Greenland. The Social Liberals has also said that it intends to be neither a supporting party nor part of the opposition. As the government has 89 of the 179 seats in the Folketing, it effectively operates as a majority government.It is the first time in more than 40 years the Social Democrats and the Liberals (Venstre), who are usually rivals, are in a government together.
| 4
|
[
"Frederiksen II Cabinet",
"replaces",
"Frederiksen I Cabinet"
] |
The Frederiksen II Cabinet (colloquially, the SVM government (Danish: SVM-regeringen) took office on 15 December 2022 and succeeded the Frederiksen I Cabinet following the 2022 Danish general election. Headed by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, it is a grand coalition consisting of the Social Democrats, Venstre, and the Moderates. It was announced on 13 December following a record 42 days of negotiations. The government is supported by the Union Party and the Social Democratic Party from the Faroe Islands, as well as Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit from Greenland. The Social Liberals has also said that it intends to be neither a supporting party nor part of the opposition. As the government has 89 of the 179 seats in the Folketing, it effectively operates as a majority government.It is the first time in more than 40 years the Social Democrats and the Liberals (Venstre), who are usually rivals, are in a government together.
| 6
|
[
"First Thatcher ministry",
"country",
"United Kingdom"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the first Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1979 to 1983.
| 0
|
[
"First Thatcher ministry",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the first Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1979 to 1983.Changes
January 1981 –
Francis Pym succeeded Norman St John-Stevas as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Leader of the House of Commons. Pym succeeded Angus Maude as Paymaster-General.
John Nott succeeded Francis Pym as Secretary of State for Defence. John Biffen succeeded Nott as Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade.
Leon Brittan succeeded John Biffen as Chief Secretary to the Treasury.
Norman St John-Stevas resigned as Minister for the Arts. His successor was not in the Cabinet.
the post of Secretary of State for Transport was brought into the Cabinet and Norman Fowler was given the post.Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
William Whitelaw – Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister
Francis Pym – Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
The Lord Carrington – Foreign Secretary
Humphrey Atkins – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leon Brittan – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Peter Walker – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
John Nott – Secretary of State for Defence
Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Tebbit – Secretary of State for Employment
Nigel Lawson – Secretary of State for Energy
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for the Environment
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Health and Social Security
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for Industry
The Baroness Young – Leader of the House of Lords and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
James Prior – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Cecil Parkinson – Paymaster General
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
John Biffen – Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade
David Howell – Secretary of State for Transport
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales
| 1
|
[
"First Thatcher ministry",
"head of government",
"Margaret Thatcher"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the first Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1979 to 1983.September 1981 to June 1983
In September 1981, a substantial reshuffle took place.Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
William Whitelaw – Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister
Francis Pym – Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
The Lord Carrington – Foreign Secretary
Humphrey Atkins – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leon Brittan – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Peter Walker – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
John Nott – Secretary of State for Defence
Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Tebbit – Secretary of State for Employment
Nigel Lawson – Secretary of State for Energy
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for the Environment
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Health and Social Security
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for Industry
The Baroness Young – Leader of the House of Lords and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
James Prior – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Cecil Parkinson – Paymaster General
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
John Biffen – Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade
David Howell – Secretary of State for Transport
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales
| 2
|
[
"First Thatcher ministry",
"replaces",
"Callaghan ministry"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the first Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1979 to 1983.Formation
Following the vote of no confidence against the Labour government and prime minister James Callaghan on 28 March 1979, a general election was called for 3 May 1979. The Winter of Discontent had seen the Labour government's popularity slump during the previous four months, and the opinion polls all pointed towards a Conservative victory.
The Conservatives won the election with a majority of 44 seats and their leader Margaret Thatcher became the United Kingdom's first female prime minister.
Thatcher inherited some of the worst economic statistics of postwar Britain. The nation was still feeling the effects of the numerous strikes during the recent Winter of Discontent. Inflation had recently topped 20%, and unemployment was in excess of 1.5 million for the first time since the 1930s.
Thatcher's monetarist and deflationary economic policies saw a cut in the inflation rate from a high of 22% in May 1980 to just over 13% by January 1981, and by June 1983 it had fallen to a 15-year low of 4.9%.
Decreasing the public sector borrowing requirement as a share of GDP was a part of the medium term financial strategy at the beginning of the first Thatcher ministry. It was brought down from around 5% during the 1978–1979 period to around half of this figure during the 1982–1983 period.Public expenditure as a share of GDP increased at around 1.5% per year during the 1979-1983 period, despite the target being a reduction of 1% per year. This increase in spending was mostly driven by larger expenditures in social security programs such as unemployment benefits, industrial support, and increased lending to nationalized industries; defense spending did not go up considerably during the Falklands War.Long-term unemployment increased considerably during this period: almost one third of the unemployed had been without a job for more than one year. The manufacturing industry was considerably affected during the first Thatcher government: employment in this sector decreased by almost 20% between 1979 and 1982. This decrease drove almost all of the drop in employment for this period.Productivity started seeing considerable growth during the 1979-1982 period in some industries. Total factor productivity growth during these years was 13.9% in the metal manufacture industry, 6.6% in motor vehicle manufacture, 7.1% in ship and aircraft manufacture, and 7.5% in agriculture.Income distribution widened considerably during Thatcher's ministry. During the 1979-1986 period, real income per capita fell for the two lower quintiles by 4% and 12% respectively; but for the top three quintiles, it went up by 24%, 11%, and 10%, respectively.She also oversaw union reforms which saw strikes at their lowest for 30 years by 1983. However, her economic policies also resulted in the loss of much of Britain's heavy industry. Coal pits, steel plants, machine-tools and shipyards were particularly hard hit, most of all in Scotland, Northern Ireland and the north of England. By 1983, unemployment had reached 3.2 million, although economic growth was now re-established following the recession of 1980 and 1981.
The Labour opposition, which changed leader from James Callaghan to Michael Foot in 1980, was in no position to exploit the situation and mount a threat to the Conservative government's power. The change of leader saw the party shift dramatically to the left, and in 1981 a host of disenchanted Labour MPs formed the breakaway Social Democratic Party. The new party swiftly formed an alliance with the Liberals with a view to forming a coalition government at the next election. Roy Jenkins, leader of the SDP, worked in conjunction with Liberal leader David Steel with the goal of forming a coalition government at the next general election. For a while, opinion polls suggested that this could happen, with support for the Alliance peaking at 50% in late 1981, with both the Tories and Labour faring dismally.
However, when the Falkland Islands (a British colony in the South Atlantic) were seized by Argentine forces in March 1982, Thatcher was swift to declare war on Argentina which was won on 14 June when the Argentines surrendered. The success of this campaign saw a swift turnaround in support for the Tory government, who by the summer of 1982 was firmly in the lead in all of the major opinion polls. A Conservative victory at the next election appeared inevitable, although it appeared far from clear whether it would be Labour or the Alliance who formed the next opposition.Fate
Thatcher had the option of waiting until May 1984 before calling a general election, but the opinion polls remained in her favour as 1983 dawned and so she called a general election for 9 June. With all the pollsters pointing towards a Conservative majority, the most interesting outcome of the election was the guessing game as to whether it would be Labour or the Alliance who formed the next opposition.
In the event, the Conservatives were re-elected with a 144-seat majority. The election was an unmitigated disaster for Labour, who polled a mere 27.6% of the vote and were left with just 209 MPs in the new parliament. The Alliance came close to Labour in terms of votes with 25.4% of the electorate voting for them, but won a mere 23 seats.Cabinets
May 1979 to September 1981
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
William Whitelaw – Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister
The Lord Soames – Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
The Lord Carrington – Foreign Secretary
Ian Gilmour – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
John Biffen – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Peter Walker – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Norman St John-Stevas – Leader of the House of Commons and Minister of state for the Arts and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Francis Pym – Secretary of State for Defence
Mark Carlisle – Secretary of State for Education
James Prior – Secretary of State for Employment
David Howell – Secretary of State for Energy
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for the Environment
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for Health and Social Security
Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Industry
Humphrey Atkins – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Angus Maude – Paymaster General
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
John Nott – Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for WalesSeptember 1981 to June 1983
In September 1981, a substantial reshuffle took place.Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
William Whitelaw – Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister
Francis Pym – Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
The Lord Carrington – Foreign Secretary
Humphrey Atkins – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leon Brittan – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Peter Walker – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
John Nott – Secretary of State for Defence
Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Tebbit – Secretary of State for Employment
Nigel Lawson – Secretary of State for Energy
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for the Environment
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Health and Social Security
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for Industry
The Baroness Young – Leader of the House of Lords and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
James Prior – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Cecil Parkinson – Paymaster General
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
John Biffen – Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade
David Howell – Secretary of State for Transport
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales
| 5
|
[
"First Thatcher ministry",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the United Kingdom"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the first Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1979 to 1983.Cabinets
May 1979 to September 1981
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
William Whitelaw – Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister
The Lord Soames – Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
The Lord Carrington – Foreign Secretary
Ian Gilmour – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
John Biffen – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Peter Walker – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Norman St John-Stevas – Leader of the House of Commons and Minister of state for the Arts and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Francis Pym – Secretary of State for Defence
Mark Carlisle – Secretary of State for Education
James Prior – Secretary of State for Employment
David Howell – Secretary of State for Energy
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for the Environment
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for Health and Social Security
Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Industry
Humphrey Atkins – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Angus Maude – Paymaster General
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
John Nott – Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for WalesMargaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
William Whitelaw – Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister
Francis Pym – Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Chancellor of the Exchequer
The Lord Carrington – Foreign Secretary
Humphrey Atkins – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leon Brittan – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Peter Walker – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
John Nott – Secretary of State for Defence
Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Tebbit – Secretary of State for Employment
Nigel Lawson – Secretary of State for Energy
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for the Environment
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Health and Social Security
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for Industry
The Baroness Young – Leader of the House of Lords and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
James Prior – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Cecil Parkinson – Paymaster General
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
John Biffen – Secretary of State for Trade and President of the Board of Trade
David Howell – Secretary of State for Transport
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales
| 6
|
[
"Second Thatcher ministry",
"country",
"United Kingdom"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the second Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1983 to 1987.
| 0
|
[
"Second Thatcher ministry",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the second Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1983 to 1987.Fate
A general election was called for 11 June 1987, and the Conservatives triumphed for the third election in succession. Labour, on the other hand, achieved a better election result than it had the previous time (and also managed to reduce the Conservative majority), with more than 30% of the vote, while the SDP–Liberal Alliance floundered and was soon disbanded as the Social Democratic Party and Liberal Party merged to form the Social and Liberal Democrats (who soon became the Liberal Democrats).Cabinet
June 1983 to June 1987
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
The Viscount Whitelaw – Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
John Biffen – Leader of the House of Commons and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Nigel Lawson – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Peter Rees – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Foreign Secretary
Leon Brittan – Home Secretary
Michael Jopling – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for Defence
Sir Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Tebbit – Secretary of State for Employment
Peter Walker – Secretary of State for Energy
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for the Environment
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Health
The Lord Cockfield – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Jim Prior – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
Cecil Parkinson – Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and President of the Board of Trade
Tom King – Secretary of State for Transport
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales
John Wakeham – Chief Whip of the House of Commons and Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
| 1
|
[
"Second Thatcher ministry",
"head of government",
"Margaret Thatcher"
] |
Fate
A general election was called for 11 June 1987, and the Conservatives triumphed for the third election in succession. Labour, on the other hand, achieved a better election result than it had the previous time (and also managed to reduce the Conservative majority), with more than 30% of the vote, while the SDP–Liberal Alliance floundered and was soon disbanded as the Social Democratic Party and Liberal Party merged to form the Social and Liberal Democrats (who soon became the Liberal Democrats).Cabinet
June 1983 to June 1987
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
The Viscount Whitelaw – Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
John Biffen – Leader of the House of Commons and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Nigel Lawson – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Peter Rees – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Foreign Secretary
Leon Brittan – Home Secretary
Michael Jopling – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for Defence
Sir Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Tebbit – Secretary of State for Employment
Peter Walker – Secretary of State for Energy
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for the Environment
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Health
The Lord Cockfield – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Jim Prior – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
Cecil Parkinson – Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and President of the Board of Trade
Tom King – Secretary of State for Transport
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales
John Wakeham – Chief Whip of the House of Commons and Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
| 2
|
[
"Second Thatcher ministry",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the United Kingdom"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the second Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1983 to 1987.Cabinet
June 1983 to June 1987
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
The Viscount Whitelaw – Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
John Biffen – Leader of the House of Commons and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Nigel Lawson – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Peter Rees – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Foreign Secretary
Leon Brittan – Home Secretary
Michael Jopling – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Michael Heseltine – Secretary of State for Defence
Sir Keith Joseph – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Tebbit – Secretary of State for Employment
Peter Walker – Secretary of State for Energy
Patrick Jenkin – Secretary of State for the Environment
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Health
The Lord Cockfield – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Jim Prior – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
George Younger – Secretary of State for Scotland
Cecil Parkinson – Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and President of the Board of Trade
Tom King – Secretary of State for Transport
Nicholas Edwards – Secretary of State for Wales
John Wakeham – Chief Whip of the House of Commons and Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
| 3
|
[
"Third Thatcher ministry",
"country",
"United Kingdom"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the third Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1987 to 1990.
| 0
|
[
"Third Thatcher ministry",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] |
Cabinets
June 1987 to July 1989
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
The Viscount Whitelaw – Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Havers – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
John Wakeham – Leader of the House of Commons and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Nigel Lawson – Chancellor of the Exchequer
John Major – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Geoffrey Howe – Foreign Secretary
Douglas Hurd – Home Secretary
John MacGregor – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
George Younger – Secretary of State for Defence
Kenneth Baker – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Employment
Cecil Parkinson – Secretary of State for Energy
Nicholas Ridley – Secretary of State for the Environment
John Moore – Secretary of State for Health
The Lord Young of Graffham – Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and President of the Board of Trade
Kenneth Clarke – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Tom King – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Malcolm Rifkind – Secretary of State for Scotland
Paul Channon – Secretary of State for Transport
Peter Walker – Secretary of State for Wales
David Waddington – Chief Whip of the House of Commons and Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
Sir Patrick Mayhew – Attorney General for England and WalesJuly 1989 to November 1990
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Mackay of Clashfern – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
The Lord Belstead – Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Nigel Lawson – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Norman Lamont – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
John Major – Foreign Secretary
Douglas Hurd – Home Secretary
John Gummer – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Tom King – Secretary of State for Defence
John MacGregor – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Employment
John Wakeham – Secretary of State for Energy
Chris Patten – Secretary of State for the Environment
Kenneth Clarke – Secretary of State for Health
Kenneth Baker – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Peter Brooke – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Malcolm Rifkind – Secretary of State for Scotland
Tony Newton – Secretary of State for Social Security
Nicholas Ridley – Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and President of the Board of Trade
Cecil Parkinson – Secretary of State for Transport
Peter Walker – Secretary of State for Wales
| 1
|
[
"Third Thatcher ministry",
"head of government",
"Margaret Thatcher"
] |
Changes
October 1987 – Lord Mackay of Clashfern succeeds Lord Havers as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.
January 1988 – Viscount Whitelaw retires and is succeeded by John Wakeham as Lord President of the Council. Lord Belstead succeeds Wakeham as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. Lord Belstead succeeds Viscount Whitelaw as Leader of the House of Lords.
July 1988 – Department of Health and Social Security broken up into component parts:
John Moore continues on as Secretary of State for Social Security.
Kenneth Clarke becomes Secretary of State for Health. Tony Newton succeeds Clarke as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.July 1989 to November 1990
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Mackay of Clashfern – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
The Lord Belstead – Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Nigel Lawson – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Norman Lamont – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
John Major – Foreign Secretary
Douglas Hurd – Home Secretary
John Gummer – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Tom King – Secretary of State for Defence
John MacGregor – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Employment
John Wakeham – Secretary of State for Energy
Chris Patten – Secretary of State for the Environment
Kenneth Clarke – Secretary of State for Health
Kenneth Baker – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Peter Brooke – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Malcolm Rifkind – Secretary of State for Scotland
Tony Newton – Secretary of State for Social Security
Nicholas Ridley – Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and President of the Board of Trade
Cecil Parkinson – Secretary of State for Transport
Peter Walker – Secretary of State for Wales
| 3
|
[
"Third Thatcher ministry",
"instance of",
"Cabinet of the United Kingdom"
] |
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.
This article details the third Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1987 to 1990.July 1989 to November 1990
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Mackay of Clashfern – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
The Lord Belstead – Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Nigel Lawson – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Norman Lamont – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
John Major – Foreign Secretary
Douglas Hurd – Home Secretary
John Gummer – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Tom King – Secretary of State for Defence
John MacGregor – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Employment
John Wakeham – Secretary of State for Energy
Chris Patten – Secretary of State for the Environment
Kenneth Clarke – Secretary of State for Health
Kenneth Baker – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Peter Brooke – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Malcolm Rifkind – Secretary of State for Scotland
Tony Newton – Secretary of State for Social Security
Nicholas Ridley – Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and President of the Board of Trade
Cecil Parkinson – Secretary of State for Transport
Peter Walker – Secretary of State for Wales
| 4
|
[
"Third Thatcher ministry",
"replaces",
"Second Thatcher ministry"
] |
July 1989 to November 1990
Margaret Thatcher – Prime Minister
Sir Geoffrey Howe – Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council
The Lord Mackay of Clashfern – Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
The Lord Belstead – Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Nigel Lawson – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Norman Lamont – Chief Secretary to the Treasury
John Major – Foreign Secretary
Douglas Hurd – Home Secretary
John Gummer – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Tom King – Secretary of State for Defence
John MacGregor – Secretary of State for Education
Norman Fowler – Secretary of State for Employment
John Wakeham – Secretary of State for Energy
Chris Patten – Secretary of State for the Environment
Kenneth Clarke – Secretary of State for Health
Kenneth Baker – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Peter Brooke – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Malcolm Rifkind – Secretary of State for Scotland
Tony Newton – Secretary of State for Social Security
Nicholas Ridley – Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and President of the Board of Trade
Cecil Parkinson – Secretary of State for Transport
Peter Walker – Secretary of State for Wales
| 6
|
[
"Ayrault government",
"has part(s)",
"Jérôme Cahuzac"
] |
Prime Minister
Ministers
Junior Ministers
Roster changes
On 19 March 2013, Jérôme Cahuzac, Minister for the Budget, resigned following the opening of a judicial inquiry into money laundering, known as the Cahuzac affair. He was succeeded by Bernard Cazeneuve.
On 2 July 2013, François Hollande terminated Delphine Batho, Minister for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, after she gave an interview contesting the government's budget choices. She was replaced by Philippe Martin.
| 5
|
[
"Ayrault government",
"has part(s)",
"Delphine Batho"
] |
Prime Minister
Ministers
Junior Ministers
Roster changes
On 19 March 2013, Jérôme Cahuzac, Minister for the Budget, resigned following the opening of a judicial inquiry into money laundering, known as the Cahuzac affair. He was succeeded by Bernard Cazeneuve.
On 2 July 2013, François Hollande terminated Delphine Batho, Minister for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, after she gave an interview contesting the government's budget choices. She was replaced by Philippe Martin.
| 16
|
[
"Ayrault government",
"has part(s)",
"Bernard Cazeneuve"
] |
Prime Minister
Ministers
Junior Ministers
Roster changes
On 19 March 2013, Jérôme Cahuzac, Minister for the Budget, resigned following the opening of a judicial inquiry into money laundering, known as the Cahuzac affair. He was succeeded by Bernard Cazeneuve.
On 2 July 2013, François Hollande terminated Delphine Batho, Minister for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, after she gave an interview contesting the government's budget choices. She was replaced by Philippe Martin.
| 24
|
[
"Ayrault government",
"replaced by",
"Ayrault Cabinet II"
] |
The Ayrault government was the 35th and 36th governments in the Fifth Republic of France, and headed by Jean-Marc Ayrault. The first Ayrault government was formed on 16 May 2012 by the presidential decree of President François Hollande. It was composed of members from the Socialist Party (30), the EELV (2) and the Radical Party of the Left (2). This was the first French government to respect gender equality, with equal male and female posts except the Prime Minister. It lasted one month, until the June legislative elections, after which Ayrault submitted his resignation.
Following the legislative defeat, President Hollande immediately charged him with forming a new government, under Article 8 of the French Constitution. The second Ayrault government (cabinet #36) began on 18 June 2012.
Following a landslide defeat in the French mayoral elections, the second Ayrault government was dissolved on 31 March 2014. Manuel Valls was chosen by Hollande to form the next cabinet.
| 36
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"head of government",
"Napoleon III"
] |
The First cabinet of Louis Napoleon was formed by President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte the day after the coup of 2 December 1851, replacing the Last cabinet of the French Second Republic. It was replaced by the Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon on 22 January 1852. The ministers were:
| 2
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud"
] |
Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 3
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Achille Fould"
] |
Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 4
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny"
] |
The First cabinet of Louis Napoleon was formed by President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte the day after the coup of 2 December 1851, replacing the Last cabinet of the French Second Republic. It was replaced by the Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon on 22 January 1852. The ministers were:Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 5
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Pierre Magne"
] |
Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 6
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Eugène Rouher"
] |
The First cabinet of Louis Napoleon was formed by President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte the day after the coup of 2 December 1851, replacing the Last cabinet of the French Second Republic. It was replaced by the Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon on 22 January 1852. The ministers were:Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 8
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"followed by",
"Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon"
] |
The First cabinet of Louis Napoleon was formed by President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte the day after the coup of 2 December 1851, replacing the Last cabinet of the French Second Republic. It was replaced by the Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon on 22 January 1852. The ministers were:
| 9
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Hippolyte Fortoul"
] |
Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 10
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot"
] |
Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 11
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Noël Lefebvre-Duruflé"
] |
Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 12
|
[
"First cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"has part(s)",
"Théodore Ducos"
] |
The First cabinet of Louis Napoleon was formed by President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte the day after the coup of 2 December 1851, replacing the Last cabinet of the French Second Republic. It was replaced by the Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon on 22 January 1852. The ministers were:Justice : Eugène Rouher
Foreign Affairs: Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot
Interior and Beaux-Arts: Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny
Finance : Achille Fould
War: Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Navy and Colonies: Théodore Ducos
Education and Religious Affairs: Hippolyte Fortoul
Public Works: Pierre Magne
Agriculture and Commerce: Lefebvre-Duruflé
| 13
|
[
"Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"country",
"France"
] |
The Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon was formed by President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte on 22 January 1852, replacing the interim First cabinet of Louis Napoleon. It remained in place until the proclamation of the Second French Empire on 2 December 1852, when it was replaced by the Third cabinet of Napoleon III.
| 0
|
[
"Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"instance of",
"government"
] |
The Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon was formed by President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte on 22 January 1852, replacing the interim First cabinet of Louis Napoleon. It remained in place until the proclamation of the Second French Empire on 2 December 1852, when it was replaced by the Third cabinet of Napoleon III.
| 1
|
[
"Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon",
"followed by",
"Third cabinet of Napoleon III"
] |
The Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon was formed by President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte on 22 January 1852, replacing the interim First cabinet of Louis Napoleon. It remained in place until the proclamation of the Second French Empire on 2 December 1852, when it was replaced by the Third cabinet of Napoleon III.
| 3
|
[
"Fourth cabinet of Napoleon III",
"has part(s)",
"Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant"
] |
Ministers
The ministers were:
President of the Council of State: Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
Justice and Religious Affairs: Jean-Baptiste Duvergier
Foreign Affairs: Henri La Tour d'Auvergne
Interior: Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette
Finance: Pierre Magne
War: Adolphe Niel jusqu'au 13 août 1869
Navy and Colonies: Charles Rigault de Genouilly
Public Education: Louis Olivier Bourbeau
Public Works: Edmond Valléry Gressier
Agriculture and Commerce : Alfred Le Roux
Imperial Household and Beaux-Arts: Jean-Baptiste Philibert VaillantAdolphe Niel died on 21 August 1869 and was replaced as Minister of War by Edmond Le Bœuf.
| 4
|
[
"Fourth cabinet of Napoleon III",
"has part(s)",
"Adolphe Niel"
] |
Ministers
The ministers were:
President of the Council of State: Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
Justice and Religious Affairs: Jean-Baptiste Duvergier
Foreign Affairs: Henri La Tour d'Auvergne
Interior: Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette
Finance: Pierre Magne
War: Adolphe Niel jusqu'au 13 août 1869
Navy and Colonies: Charles Rigault de Genouilly
Public Education: Louis Olivier Bourbeau
Public Works: Edmond Valléry Gressier
Agriculture and Commerce : Alfred Le Roux
Imperial Household and Beaux-Arts: Jean-Baptiste Philibert VaillantAdolphe Niel died on 21 August 1869 and was replaced as Minister of War by Edmond Le Bœuf.
| 5
|
[
"Fourth cabinet of Napoleon III",
"has part(s)",
"Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette"
] |
Ministers
The ministers were:
President of the Council of State: Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
Justice and Religious Affairs: Jean-Baptiste Duvergier
Foreign Affairs: Henri La Tour d'Auvergne
Interior: Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette
Finance: Pierre Magne
War: Adolphe Niel jusqu'au 13 août 1869
Navy and Colonies: Charles Rigault de Genouilly
Public Education: Louis Olivier Bourbeau
Public Works: Edmond Valléry Gressier
Agriculture and Commerce : Alfred Le Roux
Imperial Household and Beaux-Arts: Jean-Baptiste Philibert VaillantAdolphe Niel died on 21 August 1869 and was replaced as Minister of War by Edmond Le Bœuf.
| 7
|
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