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train · 24.5k rows

triplets list	passage stringlengths 6 20.1k	__index_level_0__ int64 0 834
[ "Kagerō Nikki", "instance of", "literary work" ]	Kagerō Nikki (蜻蛉日記, The Mayfly Diary) is a work of classical Japanese literature, written around 974, that falls under the genre of nikki bungaku, or diary literature. The author of Kagerō Nikki was a woman known only as the Mother of Michitsuna. Using a combination of waka poems and prose, she conveys the life of a no...	7
[ "Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto", "country", "Japan" ]	Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (禁中並公家諸法度), sometimes known in English as the Laws for the Imperial and Court Officials, was a law issued by the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1615, to set out its relationship with the Imperial family and the kuge (imperial court officials). It was issued soon after the Laws for the Military Hous...	0
[ "Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto", "instance of", "statute" ]	Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (禁中並公家諸法度), sometimes known in English as the Laws for the Imperial and Court Officials, was a law issued by the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1615, to set out its relationship with the Imperial family and the kuge (imperial court officials). It was issued soon after the Laws for the Military Hous...	5
[ "Sakoku Edict of 1635", "country", "Tokugawa shogunate" ]	This Sakoku Edict (Sakoku-rei, 鎖国令) of 1635 was a Japanese decree intended to eliminate foreign influence, enforced by strict government rules and regulations to impose these ideas. It was the third of a series issued by Tokugawa Iemitsu, shōgun of Japan from 1623 to 1651. The Edict of 1635 is considered a prime exampl...	0
[ "Sakoku Edict of 1635", "instance of", "statute" ]	This Sakoku Edict (Sakoku-rei, 鎖国令) of 1635 was a Japanese decree intended to eliminate foreign influence, enforced by strict government rules and regulations to impose these ideas. It was the third of a series issued by Tokugawa Iemitsu, shōgun of Japan from 1623 to 1651. The Edict of 1635 is considered a prime exampl...	2
[ "Danish Code", "instance of", "law book" ]	Danske Lov (English: Danish Code) is the title of a Danish statute book from 1683 that previously formed the basis for the Danish legislation. Even though it was mainly a compilation of older, regional laws, it took seven different commissions over several decades under two different monarchs to put the Code together. ...	4
[ "Great Qing Legal Code", "applies to jurisdiction", "British Hong Kong" ]	The Great Qing Legal Code (or Great Ching Legal Code), also known as the Qing Code (Ching Code) or, in Hong Kong law, as the Ta Tsing Leu Lee (大清律例), was the legal code of the Qing empire (1644–1912). The code was based on the Ming legal code, the Great Ming Code, which was kept largely intact. Compared to the Ming cod...	8
[ "An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths", "instance of", "work of the federal government of the United States" ]	An Act to regulate the Time and Manner of administering certain Oaths was the first law passed by the United States Congress after the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. It was signed by President George Washington on June 1, 1789, and parts of it remain in effect to this day. The House of Representatives reached i...	6
[ "An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths", "significant event", "enacted" ]	An Act to regulate the Time and Manner of administering certain Oaths was the first law passed by the United States Congress after the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. It was signed by President George Washington on June 1, 1789, and parts of it remain in effect to this day. The House of Representatives reached i...	9
[ "Tariff of 1789", "country", "United States of America" ]	The Tariff Act of 1789 was the first major piece of legislation passed in the United States after the ratification of the United States Constitution. It had two purposes: to protect manufacturing industries developing in the nation and to raise revenue for the federal government. It was sponsored by Congressman James M...	1
[ "Tariff of 1789", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The Tariff Act of 1789 was the first major piece of legislation passed in the United States after the ratification of the United States Constitution. It had two purposes: to protect manufacturing industries developing in the nation and to raise revenue for the federal government. It was sponsored by Congressman James M...	2
[ "Tariff of 1789", "instance of", "United States public law" ]	The Tariff Act of 1789 was the first major piece of legislation passed in the United States after the ratification of the United States Constitution. It had two purposes: to protect manufacturing industries developing in the nation and to raise revenue for the federal government. It was sponsored by Congressman James M...	12
[ "Tariff of 1789", "significant event", "enacted" ]	The Tariff Act of 1789 was the first major piece of legislation passed in the United States after the ratification of the United States Constitution. It had two purposes: to protect manufacturing industries developing in the nation and to raise revenue for the federal government. It was sponsored by Congressman James M...	15
[ "Tariff of 1789", "main subject", "protective tariff" ]	The Tariff Act of 1789 was the first major piece of legislation passed in the United States after the ratification of the United States Constitution. It had two purposes: to protect manufacturing industries developing in the nation and to raise revenue for the federal government. It was sponsored by Congressman James M...	22
[ "Tariff of 1789", "has effect", "protective tariff" ]	The Tariff Act of 1789 was the first major piece of legislation passed in the United States after the ratification of the United States Constitution. It had two purposes: to protect manufacturing industries developing in the nation and to raise revenue for the federal government. It was sponsored by Congressman James M...	23
[ "Records Act", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The Records Act, also known as an Act to provide for the safe-keeping of the Acts, Records and Seal of the United States, and for other purposes, was the fourteenth law passed by the United States Congress. The first section of the bill renamed the Department of Foreign Affairs to the Department of State. The next sect...	2
[ "Records Act", "main subject", "United States Department of State" ]	The Records Act, also known as an Act to provide for the safe-keeping of the Acts, Records and Seal of the United States, and for other purposes, was the fourteenth law passed by the United States Congress. The first section of the bill renamed the Department of Foreign Affairs to the Department of State. The next sect...	5
[ "Records Act", "instance of", "United States public law" ]	The Records Act, also known as an Act to provide for the safe-keeping of the Acts, Records and Seal of the United States, and for other purposes, was the fourteenth law passed by the United States Congress. The first section of the bill renamed the Department of Foreign Affairs to the Department of State. The next sect...	8
[ "Judiciary Act of 1789", "country", "United States of America" ]	The Judiciary Act of 1789 (ch. 20, 1 Stat. 73) was a United States federal statute enacted on September 24, 1789, during the first session of the First United States Congress. It established the federal judiciary of the United States. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution prescribed that the "judicial power of the...	1
[ "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen", "country", "Kingdom of France" ]	The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen de 1789), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. Inspired by Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of t...	5
[ "Kansei Edict", "language of work or name", "Japanese" ]	Kansei Reforms The Kansei Reforms (寛政の改革, Kansei no kaikaku) were a series of reactionary policy changes and edicts which were intended to cure a range of perceived problems which had developed in mid-18th-century Tokugawa Japan. Kansei refers to the nengō (or Japanese era name) that spanned the years from 1789 through...	1
[ "Tariff of 1790", "facet of", "Tariffs in United States history" ]	In 1789, Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, calculated that the United States required $3 million a year for operating expenses as well as enough revenue to repay the estimated $75 million in foreign and domestic debt. Under the rates established by the Tariff of 1789, the government could not meet its ...	5
[ "Constitution of the Year III", "instance of", "constitution" ]	The Constitution of the Year III (French: Constitution de l’an III) was the constitution of the French First Republic that established the Executive Directory. Adopted by the convention on 5 Fructidor Year III (22 August 1795) and approved by plebiscite on 6 September. Its preamble is the Declaration of the Rights and ...	1
[ "Rohingya genocide", "country", "Myanmar" ]	The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The ...	1
[ "Rohingya genocide", "participant", "Government of Myanmar" ]	2016 Rohingya persecution Events leading up to the 2016 persecutions The persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar dates back to the 1970s. Since then, the Rohingya people have been persecuted on a regular basis by the government and nationalist Buddhists. The tensions between the various religious groups in the count...	2
[ "Rohingya genocide", "instance of", "genocide" ]	The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The ...	3
[ "Rohingya genocide", "has effect", "human migration" ]	The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The ...	4
[ "Rohingya genocide", "instance of", "religious persecution" ]	The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The ...	5
[ "Rohingya genocide", "has effect", "refugee crisis" ]	The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The ...	8
[ "Rohingya genocide", "location", "Rakhine State" ]	The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The ...	9
[ "Dada", "has contributing factor", "World War I" ]	Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (in 1916). New York Dada began c. 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris. Dadaist activities lasted until the mid 1920s. Developed in reaction to World ...	2
[ "Dada", "followed by", "surrealism" ]	Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that laid the foundation for Surrealism.	5
[ "Dada", "partially coincident with", "anti-art" ]	Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (in 1916). New York Dada began c. 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris. Dadaist activities lasted until the mid 1920s. Developed in reaction to World ...	27
[ "Dada", "instance of", "art movement" ]	Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (in 1916). New York Dada began c. 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris. Dadaist activities lasted until the mid 1920s. Developed in reaction to World ...	29
[ "Dada", "instance of", "art style" ]	Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (in 1916). New York Dada began c. 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris. Dadaist activities lasted until the mid 1920s. Developed in reaction to World ...	31
[ "Dada", "instance of", "cultural movement" ]	Overview Dada was an informal international movement, with participants in Europe and North America. The beginnings of Dada correspond with the outbreak of World War I. For many participants, the movement was a protest against the bourgeois nationalist and colonialist interests, which many Dadaists believed were the ro...	33
[ "Urban planner", "instance of", "profession" ]	An urban planner (also known as town planner) is a professional who practices in the field of town planning, urban planning or city planning. An urban planner may focus on a specific area of practice and have a title such as city planner, town planner, regional planner, long-range planner, transportation planner, infra...	0
[ "Urban planner", "facet of", "urban studies" ]	An urban planner (also known as town planner) is a professional who practices in the field of town planning, urban planning or city planning. An urban planner may focus on a specific area of practice and have a title such as city planner, town planner, regional planner, long-range planner, transportation planner, infra...	9
[ "Security guard", "has contributing factor", "city" ]	History The vigiles were soldiers assigned to guard the city of Rome, often credited as the origin of both security personnel and police, although their principal duty was as a fire brigade. There have been night watchmen since at least the Middle Ages in Europe; walled cities of ancient times also had watchmen. A spec...	0
[ "Security guard", "instance of", "profession" ]	A security guard (also known as a security inspector, security officer, factory guard, or protective agent) is a person employed by a government or private party to protect the employing party's assets (property, people, equipment, money, etc.) from a variety of hazards (such as crime, waste, damages, unsafe worker beh...	1
[ "Security guard", "instance of", "industry" ]	One massive resource, filled with significant numbers of personnel, armed with a wide array of technology, and directed by professionals who have spent their entire adult lifetimes learning how to prevent and reduce crime, has not been tapped by governments in the fight against criminality. The private security industr...	2
[ "Curtain", "made from material", "textile" ]	England In England, curtains began to replace wooden shutters towards the end of the 16th century. In Medieval England, the earliest form of window treatments were leather panels threaded onto iron rods. These were eventually replaced with woven wool panels. During the reign of Elizabeth I, ornately decorated Italian R...	1
[ "1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash", "has contributing factor", "night" ]	Accident The City of Jerusalem was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. While attempting a night landing at Jask the pilot misjudged the aircraft's altitude and it stalled and crashed. The landing gear was destroyed and the port wings were badly damaged. Flares were fitted to the wingtips and had been ignite...	0
[ "1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash", "country", "Iran" ]	On 6 September 1929 a de Havilland Hercules three-engined biplane of Imperial Airways crashed on landing at Jask Airport, near the town of Jask in Iran on the Gulf of Oman. The aircraft was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. The pilot, a mechanic and a passenger were killed.	1
[ "1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash", "has contributing factor", "fire" ]	Accident The City of Jerusalem was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. While attempting a night landing at Jask the pilot misjudged the aircraft's altitude and it stalled and crashed. The landing gear was destroyed and the port wings were badly damaged. Flares were fitted to the wingtips and had been ignite...	2
[ "1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash", "operator", "Imperial Airways" ]	On 6 September 1929 a de Havilland Hercules three-engined biplane of Imperial Airways crashed on landing at Jask Airport, near the town of Jask in Iran on the Gulf of Oman. The aircraft was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. The pilot, a mechanic and a passenger were killed.	3
[ "1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash", "instance of", "aviation accident" ]	On 6 September 1929 a de Havilland Hercules three-engined biplane of Imperial Airways crashed on landing at Jask Airport, near the town of Jask in Iran on the Gulf of Oman. The aircraft was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. The pilot, a mechanic and a passenger were killed.	4
[ "1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash", "cause", "pilot error" ]	Accident The City of Jerusalem was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. While attempting a night landing at Jask the pilot misjudged the aircraft's altitude and it stalled and crashed. The landing gear was destroyed and the port wings were badly damaged. Flares were fitted to the wingtips and had been ignite...	6
[ "1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash", "location", "Jask Airport" ]	On 6 September 1929 a de Havilland Hercules three-engined biplane of Imperial Airways crashed on landing at Jask Airport, near the town of Jask in Iran on the Gulf of Oman. The aircraft was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. The pilot, a mechanic and a passenger were killed.Accident The City of Jerusalem w...	7
[ "1929 Jask Imperial Airways de Havilland Hercules crash", "instance of", "aircraft crash" ]	On 6 September 1929 a de Havilland Hercules three-engined biplane of Imperial Airways crashed on landing at Jask Airport, near the town of Jask in Iran on the Gulf of Oman. The aircraft was carrying mail from the United Kingdom to India. The pilot, a mechanic and a passenger were killed.Aircraft The aircraft was a de H...	11
[ "Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design)", "has contributing factor", "light" ]	[Architectural atmospheres are] this singular density and mood, this feeling of presence, well-being, harmony, beauty...under whose spell I experience what I otherwise would not experience in precisely this way. Vitruvius noted that since the human body is the measure of architecture, it is also that which determines a...	3
[ "Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design)", "instance of", "concept" ]	Overview Atmosphere is an immediate form of physical perception, and is recognised through emotional sensibility. Architects and designers use the notion of atmosphere to argue that architecture and space is designed and built for people to use and experience.	10
[ "Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design)", "has contributing factor", "mood" ]	Overview Atmosphere is an immediate form of physical perception, and is recognised through emotional sensibility. Architects and designers use the notion of atmosphere to argue that architecture and space is designed and built for people to use and experience.[Architectural atmospheres are] this singular density and mo...	12
[ "Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design)", "has contributing factor", "soundscape" ]	Sound Peter Zumthor outlines that, “Interiors are like large instruments, collecting sound, amplifying it, transmitting it elsewhere. That has to do with the shape peculiar to each room and with the surface of materials they contain, and the way those materials have been applied.” (Atmospheres, p. 29). Sounds are assoc...	15
[ "Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design)", "has contributing factor", "odor" ]	Air Air encapsulates buildings. Building are said to be alive. By inhabitation, life is given to interior spaces through imagination and presence. Air in buildings forms an atmosphere. Steven Connor in his essay "Building Breathing Space" states, “Like the sky, space [is] mobile, mutable, perturbed, polymorphous, subje...	19
[ "Wall", "has contributing factor", "precipitation" ]	Building wall The purposes of walls in buildings are to support roofs, floors and ceilings; to enclose a space as part of the building envelope along with a roof to give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. In addition, the wall may house various types of utilities such as electrical wiring or plumbing....	1
[ "Wall", "topic's main category", "Category:Walls" ]	A wall is a structure and a surface that defines an area; carries a load; provides security, shelter, or soundproofing; or, is decorative. There are many kinds of walls, including:Walls in buildings that form a fundamental part of the superstructure or separate interior rooms, sometimes for fire safety Glass walls (a w...	11
[ "Fence", "made from material", "wood" ]	By construction Brushwood fencing, a fence made using wires on either side of brushwood, to compact the brushwood material together. Chain-link fencing, wire fencing made of wires woven together Close boarded fencing, strong and robust fence constructed from mortised posts, arris rails and vertical feather edge boards ...	0
[ "Fence", "has contributing factor", "animal" ]	In the United States, the earliest settlers claimed land by simply fencing it in. Later, as the American government formed, unsettled land became technically owned by the government and programs to register land ownership developed, usually making raw land available for low prices or for free, if the owner improved the...	1
[ "Fence", "made from material", "wire" ]	By construction Brushwood fencing, a fence made using wires on either side of brushwood, to compact the brushwood material together. Chain-link fencing, wire fencing made of wires woven together Close boarded fencing, strong and robust fence constructed from mortised posts, arris rails and vertical feather edge boards ...	4
[ "Fence", "made from material", "chain-link fencing" ]	By construction Brushwood fencing, a fence made using wires on either side of brushwood, to compact the brushwood material together. Chain-link fencing, wire fencing made of wires woven together Close boarded fencing, strong and robust fence constructed from mortised posts, arris rails and vertical feather edge boards ...	8
[ "Fence", "has contributing factor", "group of humans" ]	In the United States, the earliest settlers claimed land by simply fencing it in. Later, as the American government formed, unsettled land became technically owned by the government and programs to register land ownership developed, usually making raw land available for low prices or for free, if the owner improved the...	13
[ "Foehn wind", "instance of", "wind" ]	A Foehn or Föhn (UK: , US: , US also ), is a type of dry, relatively warm, downslope wind that occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range. It is a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air that has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (see orographic lift). As a co...	1
[ "Foehn wind", "has contributing factor", "solar radiation" ]	Radiative warming Dry Foehn conditions are responsible for the occurrence of rain shadows in the lee of mountains, where clear, sunny conditions prevail. This often leads to greater daytime radiative (solar) warming under Foehn conditions. This type of warming is particularly important in cold regions where snow or ice...	3
[ "Foehn wind", "has contributing factor", "adiabatic lapse rate" ]	Causes There are four known causes of the Foehn warming and drying effect. These mechanisms often act together, with their contributions varying depending on the size and shape of the mountain barrier and on the meteorological conditions, such as the upstream wind speed, temperature and humidity.Condensation and precip...	4
[ "Gout", "has contributing factor", "genetics" ]	Cause The crystallization of uric acid, often related to relatively high levels in the blood, is the underlying cause of gout. This can occur because of diet, genetic predisposition, or underexcretion of urate, the salts of uric acid. Underexcretion of uric acid by the kidney is the primary cause of hyperuricemia in ab...	1
[ "Gout", "has contributing factor", "obesity" ]	Medical conditions Gout frequently occurs in combination with other medical problems. Metabolic syndrome, a combination of abdominal obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and abnormal lipid levels, occurs in nearly 75% of cases. Other conditions commonly complicated by gout include lead poisoning, kidney failure, ...	7
[ "Gout", "has contributing factor", "diet" ]	Gout ( GOWT) is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot and swollen joint, caused by the deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals. Pain typically comes on rapidly, reaching maximal intensity in less than 12 hours. The joint at t...	9
[ "LGBT rights opposition", "has contributing factor", "religion" ]	Religious reasons for opposition Many religions, including ones within the Eastern faiths and Abrahamic faiths, do not support homosexual sex. Evangelical Christianity, Catholicism, Mormonism, Orthodox Judaism, and Islam view homosexual sex as a sin and hold that its practice and acceptance in society weakens moral sta...	1
[ "LGBT rights opposition", "has contributing factor", "morality" ]	Religious reasons for opposition Many religions, including ones within the Eastern faiths and Abrahamic faiths, do not support homosexual sex. Evangelical Christianity, Catholicism, Mormonism, Orthodox Judaism, and Islam view homosexual sex as a sin and hold that its practice and acceptance in society weakens moral sta...	8
[ "Ice dam (roof)", "has contributing factor", "snow" ]	An ice dam is an ice build-up on the eaves of sloped roofs of heated buildings that results from melting snow under a snow pack reaching the eave and freezing there. Freezing at the eave impedes the drainage of meltwater, which adds to the ice dam and causes backup of the meltwater, which may cause water leakage into t...	0
[ "Ice dam (roof)", "has contributing factor", "roof" ]	Mitigation Ice dams on sloped roofs can be mitigated in several ways: Assuring sufficient insulation in the roof to prevent freezing at the roof surface under a deep snow pack. Providing ventilation under the roofing material that carries escaping building heat elsewhere and assures a cold roof surface. Attic/roof temp...	1
[ "Moscow uprising of 1648", "country", "Russia" ]	The Moscow uprising of 1648 (Russian: Соляной бунт, Московское восстание 1648), sometimes known as the salt riot, started because of the government's replacement of different taxes with a universal salt tax for the purpose of replenishing the state treasury after the Time of Troubles. This drove up the price of salt, l...	0
[ "Moscow uprising of 1648", "instance of", "tax resistance" ]	The Moscow uprising of 1648 (Russian: Соляной бунт, Московское восстание 1648), sometimes known as the salt riot, started because of the government's replacement of different taxes with a universal salt tax for the purpose of replenishing the state treasury after the Time of Troubles. This drove up the price of salt, l...	3
[ "Moscow uprising of 1648", "has contributing factor", "Boris Morozov" ]	The Moscow uprising of 1648 (Russian: Соляной бунт, Московское восстание 1648), sometimes known as the salt riot, started because of the government's replacement of different taxes with a universal salt tax for the purpose of replenishing the state treasury after the Time of Troubles. This drove up the price of salt, l...	4
[ "Moscow uprising of 1648", "instance of", "rebellion" ]	The Moscow uprising of 1648 (Russian: Соляной бунт, Московское восстание 1648), sometimes known as the salt riot, started because of the government's replacement of different taxes with a universal salt tax for the purpose of replenishing the state treasury after the Time of Troubles. This drove up the price of salt, l...	6
[ "Copper Riot", "instance of", "rebellion" ]	The Copper Coin Riot, also known as the Moscow Uprising of 1662 (Russian: Медный бунт, Московское восстание 1662 года) was a major riot in Moscow, which took place on 4 August [O.S. 25 July] 1662.	1
[ "Copper Riot", "location", "Tsardom of Russia" ]	The Copper Coin Riot, also known as the Moscow Uprising of 1662 (Russian: Медный бунт, Московское восстание 1662 года) was a major riot in Moscow, which took place on 4 August [O.S. 25 July] 1662.Background The riot was preceded by a gradual deterioration of Moscow's economy because of the Livonian War with Poland and ...	2
[ "Graphical user interface", "discoverer or inventor", "Ivan Sutherland" ]	History Early efforts Ivan Sutherland developed Sketchpad in 1963, widely held as the first graphical computer-aided design program. It used a light pen to create and manipulate objects in engineering drawings in realtime with coordinated graphics. In the late 1960s, researchers at the Stanford Research Institute, led ...	2
[ "Graphical user interface", "opposite of", "text-based user interface" ]	The graphical user interface, or GUI ( JEE-yoo-EYE or GOO-ee), is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation, instead of text-based UIs, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to ...	3
[ "Graphical user interface", "different from", "voice user interface" ]	The graphical user interface, or GUI ( JEE-yoo-EYE or GOO-ee), is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation, instead of text-based UIs, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to ...	8
[ "Graphical user interface", "has part(s)", "active window" ]	The graphical user interface, or GUI ( JEE-yoo-EYE or GOO-ee), is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation, instead of text-based UIs, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to ...	10
[ "Staple food", "has contributing factor", "climate" ]	Nutrition Consumed in isolation, staple foods do not provide the full range of essential nutrients. The nutrient-deficiency disease pellagra is associated with a diet consisting primarily of maize, while the disease beriberi is associated with a diet of refined white rice. Scurvy can result from a lack of vitamin C, al...	1
[ "Staple food", "instance of", "type of food or dish" ]	A staple food, food staple, or simply a staple, is a food that is eaten often and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for an individual or a population group, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrien...	3
[ "Staple food", "has contributing factor", "range" ]	A staple food, food staple, or simply a staple, is a food that is eaten often and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for an individual or a population group, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrien...	6
[ "Climate justice", "facet of", "environmental justice" ]	Climate justice is a concept that addresses the just division, fair sharing, and equitable distribution of the burdens of climate change and its mitigation and responsibilities to deal with climate change. It has been described as encompassing "a set of rights and obligations, which corporations, individuals and govern...	2
[ "Climate justice", "instance of", "group action" ]	Climate justice is a concept that addresses the just division, fair sharing, and equitable distribution of the burdens of climate change and its mitigation and responsibilities to deal with climate change. It has been described as encompassing "a set of rights and obligations, which corporations, individuals and govern...	3
[ "Carbon neutrality", "different from", "climate neutrality" ]	Carbon neutrality is a state of net zero carbon dioxide emissions. This can be achieved by ending the use of coal, oil and gas to the extent that there is dramatically reduced emissions of carbon dioxide and removal carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The term is used in the context of carbon dioxide-releasing processe...	4
[ "Carbon neutrality", "facet of", "adaptation to global warming" ]	Ending emissions Ending carbon emissions can be done by moving towards energy sources and industry processes that produce no greenhouse gases, thereby transitioning to a zero-carbon economy. Shifting towards the use of renewable energy such as wind, geothermal, and solar power, zero-energy systems like passive daytime ...	7
[ "Carbon neutrality", "facet of", "carbon footprint" ]	Carbon neutrality is a state of net zero carbon dioxide emissions. This can be achieved by ending the use of coal, oil and gas to the extent that there is dramatically reduced emissions of carbon dioxide and removal carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The term is used in the context of carbon dioxide-releasing processe...	8
[ "Maillard reaction", "discoverer or inventor", "Louis Camille Maillard" ]	The Maillard reaction ( my-YAR; French: [majaʁ]) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, and many other foods undergo this reaction. It is named after...	0
[ "Maillard reaction", "named after", "Louis Camille Maillard" ]	The Maillard reaction ( my-YAR; French: [majaʁ]) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, and many other foods undergo this reaction. It is named after...	1
[ "Maillard reaction", "has contributing factor", "amino acid" ]	The Maillard reaction ( my-YAR; French: [majaʁ]) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, and many other foods undergo this reaction. It is named after...	3
[ "Maillard reaction", "facet of", "cooking" ]	The Maillard reaction ( my-YAR; French: [majaʁ]) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, and many other foods undergo this reaction. It is named after...	4
[ "Maillard reaction", "has contributing factor", "reducing sugar" ]	The Maillard reaction ( my-YAR; French: [majaʁ]) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, and many other foods undergo this reaction. It is named after...	5
[ "Navigability", "has part(s)", "width" ]	A body of water, such as a river, canal or lake, is navigable if it is deep, wide and calm enough for a water vessel (e.g. boats) to pass safely. Such a navigable water is called a waterway, and is preferably with few obstructions against direct traverse that needed avoiding, such as rocks, reefs or trees. Bridges bui...	2
[ "Navigability", "has contributing factor", "draft" ]	Cheaper capital cost – Nature has already done the initial engineering work for the transportation infrastructure, the cost of developing an inland waterway is 5-10% of the cost developing an equivalent railway or a four-lane expressway. This varies a lot, depending on whether the waterway is naturally navigable, wheth...	5
[ "Navigability", "has contributing factor", "beam" ]	Cheaper capital cost – Nature has already done the initial engineering work for the transportation infrastructure, the cost of developing an inland waterway is 5-10% of the cost developing an equivalent railway or a four-lane expressway. This varies a lot, depending on whether the waterway is naturally navigable, wheth...	6
[ "Fire whirl", "has quality", "fire" ]	Formation A fire whirl consists of a burning core and a rotating pocket of air. A fire whirl can reach up to 2,000 °F (1,090 °C). Fire whirls become frequent when a wildfire, or especially firestorm, creates its own wind, which can spawn large vortices. Even bonfires often have whirls on a smaller scale and tiny fire w...	0
[ "Fire whirl", "different from", "tornado" ]	A fire whirl or fire devil (sometimes referred to as a fire tornado) is a whirlwind induced by a fire and often (at least partially) composed of flame or ash. These start with a whirl of wind, often made visible by smoke, and may occur when intense rising heat and turbulent wind conditions combine to form whirling eddi...	1

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