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Dead Sea salt-Therapeutic benefits-Dead Sea salts have been claimed to treat the following conditions: Rheumatologic conditions Rheumatologic conditions can be treated in the balneotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. The minerals are absorbed while soaking, stimulating blood circul... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dead Sea salt-Therapeutic benefits-Common skin ailments Skin disorders such as acne and psoriasis may be relieved by regularly soaking the affected area in water with added Dead Sea salt. The National Psoriasis Foundation recommends Dead Sea and Dead Sea salts as effective treatments for psoriasis. High concentration o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dead Sea salt-Therapeutic benefits-Allergies The high concentration of bromide and magnesium in the Dead Sea salt may help relieve allergic reactions of the skin by reducing inflammation.
Skin ageing Dead Sea salt may reduce the depth of skin wrinkling, a form of skin ageing. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Video interlude-Video interlude-A video interlude is an interlude during a performance that shows a video. Video interludes are often played in concerts, showing a music video (often made specifically for the show), usually featuring the artists while the artist takes a break or costume change.
Video interludes have be... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
College circuit-College circuit-College circuit is a form of motion picture distribution where old films as well as new ones are shown on college campuses, usually in the evening. The selections range from art house fare to wide release films and cult classics (also see midnight movies for a similar practice). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
College circuit-Origins-Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, classes in cinema theory and history began to be taught at colleges across the United States. To facilitate the growing interest in film, prints were screened for a reduced price for students. Several movies have been salvaged thanks to this practice, including ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
College circuit-Criticisms-Some of the movies popular on college circuits throughout the years have been either controversial, or of specious artistic merit. The content of the movies often appeal to college-age sensibilities.Critics like Roger Ebert have expressed suspicion of such films when deemed "artistic", and in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Redux (JavaScript library)-Redux (JavaScript library)-Redux is an open-source JavaScript library for managing and centralizing application state. It is most commonly used with libraries such as React or Angular for building user interfaces. Similar to (and inspired by) Facebook's Flux architecture, it was created by Da... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Redux (JavaScript library)-Description-Redux is a small library with a simple, limited API designed to be a predictable container for application state. It operates in a fashion similar to a reducing function, a functional programming concept. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Redux (JavaScript library)-History-Redux was created by Dan Abramov and Andrew Clark in 2015. Abramov began writing the first Redux implementation while preparing for a conference talk at React Europe on hot reloading. Abramov remarks, "I was trying to make a proof of concept of Flux where I could change the logic. And... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
InterVideo WinDVR-InterVideo WinDVR-InterVideo WinDVR is a commercial digital video recorder (DVR) software package for Windows operating systems. It allows PCs to work as a TV set and a DVR at the same time, using a hardware-based TV turner card. It has an integrated electronic program guide (EPG) that is updated via ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
InterVideo WinDVR-InterVideo WinDVR-Its direct competition came from CyberLink PowerVCR.In 2003 InterVideo posted a replacement product named WinDVD Recorder 4.5, offering discounts to the users by upgrading from WinDVR 3 or WinDVD Player 4. However, WinDVD Recorder is not compatible with Windows 98SE or ME (only 2000 ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
InterVideo WinDVR-InterVideo WinDVR-In 2006, InterVideo, the creator of WinDVD Recorder, was acquired by Corel Corporation. WinDVD Recorder has been discontinued, and no direct replacement has been announced. The last WinDVD Recorder version was 5.2. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
InterVideo WinDVR-Features-The application can convert video from VHS tapes to DVD or video CD, and can capture screen shots from a program and save them as a bitmap image to a hard disk or other storage medium.
The EPG works with Decisionmark's TitanTV in the United States, Fast TV in Europe, and Sony IEPG in Japan.
I... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interspinous plane-Interspinous plane-The interspinous plane (Planum interspinale) is an anatomical transverse plane that passes through the anterior superior iliac spines. It separates the lateral lumbar region from the inguinal region and the umbilical region from the pubic region. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tautology (rule of inference)-Tautology (rule of inference)-In propositional logic, tautology is either of two commonly used rules of replacement. The rules are used to eliminate redundancy in disjunctions and conjunctions when they occur in logical proofs. They are: The principle of idempotency of disjunction: P∨P⇔P a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tautology (rule of inference)-Formal notation-Theorems are those logical formulas ϕ where ⊢ϕ is the conclusion of a valid proof, while the equivalent semantic consequence ⊨ϕ indicates a tautology. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tautology (rule of inference)-Formal notation-The tautology rule may be expressed as a sequent: P∨P⊢P and P∧P⊢P where ⊢ is a metalogical symbol meaning that P is a syntactic consequence of P∨P , in the one case, P∧P in the other, in some logical system; or as a rule of inference: P∨P∴P and P∧P∴P where the rule is t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Soda bread-Soda bread-Soda bread is a variety of quick bread traditionally made in a variety of cuisines in which sodium bicarbonate (otherwise known as "baking soda", or in Ireland, "bread soda") is used as a leavening agent instead of the traditional yeast. The ingredients of traditional soda bread are flour, baking ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Soda bread-Preparation-Soda bread is made with coarse flour (either white or whole meal), or a mix of the two depending on the recipe. High protein flour is not needed for this bread as the texture is described as being "moist and crumbly". Other whole grains (such as rolled oats) may be added to create different varie... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Soda bread-Origin-Ireland Traditional Irish bread was historically cooked on a griddle as flatbread because the domestic flours did not have the properties needed to rise effectively when combined with yeast. Baking soda offered an alternative, but its popularity declined for a time when imported high-gluten flours bec... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Soda bread-Origin-Scotland In Scotland, varieties of soda breads and griddle sodas include bannocks and farls (Scots: fardel, "a fourth"), "soda scones", or "soda farls", using baking powder or baking soda as a leavening agent giving the food a light and airy texture.Bannocks are flat cakes of barley or oatmeal dough f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Soda bread-Origin-Serbia In Serbian tradition, soda bread is prepared by various rules and rituals. A coin is often put into the dough during the kneading; other small objects may also be inserted. At the beginning of Christmas dinner, the česnica is rotated three times counter-clockwise, before being broken among the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Soda bread-Origin-United States of America During the early years of European settlement of the Americas, settlers used soda or pearl ash, more commonly known as potash (pot ash) or potassium carbonate, as a leavening agent (the forerunner to baking soda) in quick breads. By 1824, The Virginia Housewife by Mary Randolp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Soda bread-Origin-Modern American versions of Irish soda bread often include raisins or currants, and caraway seeds. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dream argument-Dream argument-The dream argument is the postulation that the act of dreaming provides preliminary evidence that the senses we trust to distinguish reality from illusion should not be fully trusted, and therefore, any state that is dependent on our senses should at the very least be carefully examined an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dream argument-Synopsis-While dreaming, one does not normally realize one is dreaming. On more rare occasions, the dream may be contained inside another dream with the very act of realizing that one is dreaming, itself, being only a dream that one is not aware of having. This has led philosophers to wonder whether it i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dream argument-Synopsis-The Yogachara philosopher Vasubandhu (4th to 5th century C.E.) referenced the argument in his "Twenty verses on appearance only." The dream argument came to feature prominently in Mahayana and Tibetan Buddhist philosophy. Some schools of thought (e.g., Dzogchen) consider perceived reality to be... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dream argument-Simulated reality-Dreaming provides a springboard for those who question whether our own reality may be an illusion. The ability of the mind to be tricked into believing a mentally generated world is the "real world" means at least one variety of simulated reality is a common, even nightly event.Those wh... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dream argument-Simulated reality-Whatever I have accepted until now as most true has come to me through my senses. But occasionally I have found that they have deceived me, and it is unwise to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dream argument-Critical discussion-In the past, philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes have separately attempted to refute Descartes's account of the dream argument. Locke claimed that you cannot experience pain in dreams. Various scientific studies conducted within the last few decades provided evidence against Loc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dream argument-Critical discussion-Norman Malcolm in his monograph "Dreaming" (published in 1959) elaborated on Wittgenstein's question as to whether it really mattered if people who tell dreams "really had these images while they slept, or whether it merely seems so to them on waking". He argues that the sentence "I a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dream argument-Critical discussion-The dream hypothesis is also used to develop other philosophical concepts, such as Valberg's personal horizon: what this world would be internal to if this were all a dream. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Crew-Crew-A crew is a body or a class of people who work at a common activity, generally in a structured or hierarchical organization. A location in which a crew works is called a crewyard or a workyard. The word has nautical resonances: the tasks involved in operating a ship, particularly a sailing ship, providing num... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Crew-Crew-Crew also refers to the sport of rowing, where teams row competitively in racing shells. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Total curvature-Total curvature-In mathematical study of the differential geometry of curves, the total curvature of an immersed plane curve is the integral of curvature along a curve taken with respect to arc length: ∫abk(s)ds=2πN. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Total curvature-Total curvature-The total curvature of a closed curve is always an integer multiple of 2π, where N is called the index of the curve or turning number – it is the winding number of the unit tangent vector about the origin, or equivalently the degree of the map to the unit circle assigning to each point o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Total curvature-Comparison to surfaces-This relationship between a local geometric invariant, the curvature, and a global topological invariant, the index, is characteristic of results in higher-dimensional Riemannian geometry such as the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Total curvature-Invariance-According to the Whitney–Graustein theorem, the total curvature is invariant under a regular homotopy of a curve: it is the degree of the Gauss map. However, it is not invariant under homotopy: passing through a kink (cusp) changes the turning number by 1.
By contrast, winding number about a ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Total curvature-Generalizations-A finite generalization is that the exterior angles of a triangle, or more generally any simple polygon, add up to 360° = 2π radians, corresponding to a turning number of 1. More generally, polygonal chains that do not go back on themselves (no 180° angles) have well-defined total curvat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Total curvature-Generalizations-It is 2π for convex curves in the plane, and larger for non-convex curves. It can also be generalized to curves in higher dimensional spaces by flattening out the tangent developable to γ into a plane, and computing the total curvature of the resulting curve. That is, the total curvature... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Total curvature-Generalizations-The minimum total absolute curvature of any three-dimensional curve representing a given knot is an invariant of the knot. This invariant has the value 2π for the unknot, but by the Fáry–Milnor theorem it is at least 4π for any other knot. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pacchionian foramen-Pacchionian foramen-Pacchionian foramen means: incisurae tentorii (aka tentorial notch) a thick opening in the center of the diaphragm of sella through which the infundibulum passesThe Pacchionian foramen (incisura tentorii) is important due to some types of brain herniation through it, i.e. suprat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pacchionian foramen-Tentorium cerebelli-The tentorium cerebelli divides the cranial cavity into two closed spaces which communicate with each other through the incisura tentorii. The larger anterior space includes the anterior and middle cranial fossas and lodges the cerebrum; the small posterior space— the posterior c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glk (software)-Glk (software)-Glk is a portable application programming interface (API) created by Andrew Plotkin for use by programs with a text interface; these programs mostly include interactive fiction (IF) interpreters for Z-machine, TADS, Glulx, and Hugo games, and IF games written in more obscure file formats s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glk (software)-Glk (software)-Glk does not describe a virtual machine. Glulx is a virtual machine designed to be implemented using the Glk functions, and Glulxe is an interpreter for Glulx. Interpreters for other virtual machines may use Glk while being unrelated to Glulx: for example, Nitfol is an interpreter for the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mic in track-Mic in track-Mic in track (as well as Line in track and Mixer in track) was the default name of a file created after recording with the program MusicMatch Jukebox. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Mic in track files began appearing on file-sharing networks such as Napster, usually without the knowledge o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-Inclusion bodies-Inclusion bodies are aggregates of specific types of protein found in neurons, a number of tissue cells including red blood cells, bacteria, viruses, and plants. Inclusion bodies of aggregations of multiple proteins are also found in muscle cells affected by inclusion body myositis and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-Inclusion bodies-Inclusion bodies contain very little host protein, ribosomal components or DNA/RNA fragments. They often almost exclusively contain the over-expressed protein and aggregation and has been reported to be reversible. It has been suggested that inclusion bodies are dynamic structures form... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-Composition-Inclusion bodies have a non-unit (single) lipid membrane. Protein inclusion bodies are classically thought to contain misfolded protein. However, this has been contested, as green fluorescent protein will sometimes fluoresce in inclusion bodies, which indicates some resemblance of the nativ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-Mechanism of formation-When genes from one organism are expressed in another organism the resulting protein sometimes forms inclusion bodies. This is often true when large evolutionary distances are crossed: a cDNA isolated from Eukarya for example, and expressed as a recombinant gene in a prokaryote r... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-In neurons-Inclusion bodies are aggregates of protein associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, accumulated in the cytoplasm or nucleus of neurons. Inclusion bodies of aggregations of multiple proteins are also found in muscle cells affected by inclusion body myositis and hereditary inclusion bo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-In red blood cells-Normally a red blood cell does not contain inclusions in the cytoplasm. However, it may be seen because of certain hematologic disorders.
There are three kinds of red blood cell inclusions: Developmental organelles Howell-Jolly bodies: small, round fragments of the nucleus resulting ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-In white blood cells-Inclusions of immunoglobulin called Russell bodies are found in atypical plasma cells. Russell bodies clump together in large numbers displacing the cell nucleus to the edge, and the cell is then called a Mott cell. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-In viruses-Examples of viral inclusion bodies in animals are Cytoplasmic eosinophilic (acidophilic)- Downie bodies in cowpox Negri bodies in rabies Guarnieri bodies in vaccinia, variola (smallpox) Paschen bodies in variola (smallpox) Bollinger bodies in fowlpox Molluscum bodies in Molluscum contagiosum... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-In bacteria-Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are produced by bacteria as inclusion bodies. The size of PHA granules are limited in E. coli, due to its small size. Bacterial cell's inclusion bodies are not as abundant intracellularly, in comparison to eukaryotic cells. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-In bacteria-Isolation of proteins Between 70% and 80% of recombinant proteins expressed E. coli are contained in inclusion bodies (i.e., protein aggregates). The purification of the expressed proteins from inclusion bodies usually require two main steps: extraction of inclusion bodies from the bacteria... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-Pseudo-inclusions-Pseudo-inclusions are invaginations of the cytoplasm into the cell nuclei, which may give the appearance of intranuclear inclusions. They may appear in papillary thyroid carcinoma. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-Diseases involving inclusion bodies-Inclusion body diseases differ from amyloid diseases in that inclusion bodies are necessarily intracellular aggregates of protein, where amyloid can be intracellular or extracellular. Amyloid also necessitates protein polymerization where inclusion bodies do not. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inclusion bodies-Preventing inclusion bodies in bacteria-Inclusion bodies are often made of denatured aggregates of inactive proteins. Although, the renaturation of inclusion bodies can sometimes lead to the solubilisation and the recovery of active proteins, the process is still very empirical, uncertain and of low ef... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Anthrone-Anthrone-Anthrone is a tricyclic aromatic ketone. It is used for a common cellulose assay and in the colorimetric determination of carbohydrates.Derivatives of anthrone are used in pharmacy as laxative. They stimulate the motion of the colon and reduce water reabsorption. Some anthrone derivatives can be extra... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Anthrone-Synthesis and reactions-Anthrone can be prepared from anthraquinone by reduction with tin or copper.An alternative synthesis involves cyclization of o-benzylbenzoic acid induced with hydrogen fluoride.
Anthrone condenses with glyoxal to give, following dehydrogenation, acedianthrone, a useful octacyclic pigmen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Anthrone-Tautomer-Anthrone is the more stable tautomer relative to the anthrol. The tautomeric equilibrium is estimated at 100 in aqueous solution. For the two other isomeric anthrols, the tautomeric equilibrium is reversed. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Savoury (dish)-Savoury (dish)-A savoury is the final course of a traditional British formal meal, following the sweet pudding or dessert course. The savoury is designed to "clear the palate" before the port is served. It generally consists of salty and plain elements. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Savoury (dish)-Savoury (dish)-Typical savouries are: Scotch woodcock Welsh rarebit Sardines on toast Angels on horseback Devils on horsebackSavouries are often served on toast, fried bread or some kind of biscuit or cracker. In Eliza Action's 1845 book Modern Cookery for Private Families, there is just one recipe for s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TEDMED-TEDMED-TEDMED is an annual conference focusing on health and medicine, with a year-round web-based community. TEDMED is an independent event operating under license from the nonprofit TED conference. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TEDMED-Background-As of 2014, TEDMED staff operates from Stamford, Connecticut. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TEDMED-Background-Talks given at TEDMED combine "the nexus of health, information and technology" with "compelling personal stories" and "a glimpse into the future of healthcare."The intent of the conference has been described as "a gathering of geniuses" that brings together "some of the most innovative, thoughtful pi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TEDMED-History-TEDMED was founded in 1998 by TED's founder Richard Wurman. TEDMED was inactive for a number of years, and in 2008 Wurman sold the rights to TEDMED to entrepreneur Marc Hodosh. Hodosh recreated TEDMED and launched its first conference under his guidance in San Diego in October 2009. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TEDMED-History-In January 2010, TED.com began including videos of TEDMED talks on the TED website. In October 2010, TEDMED was held in San Diego again and sold out for a second year, attracting notable healthcare leaders and Hollywood celebrities.In 2011, Jay Walker and a group of executives and investors purchased TED... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-F-test-An F-test is any statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most often used when comparing statistical models that have been fitted to a data set, in order to identify the model that best fits the population from which the data were sampled. Exact "... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Common examples-Common examples of the use of F-tests include the study of the following cases: The hypothesis that the means of a given set of normally distributed populations, all having the same standard deviation, are equal. This is perhaps the best-known F-test, and plays an important role in the analysis o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Common examples-F-test of the equality of two variances The F-test is sensitive to non-normality. In the analysis of variance (ANOVA), alternative tests include Levene's test, Bartlett's test, and the Brown–Forsythe test. However, when any of these tests are conducted to test the underlying assumption of homosce... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-Most F-tests arise by considering a decomposition of the variability in a collection of data in terms of sums of squares. The test statistic in an F-test is the ratio of two scaled sums of squares reflecting different sources of variability. These sums of squares are constructed so that t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-Multiple-comparison ANOVA problems The F-test in one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to assess whether the expected values of a quantitative variable within several pre-defined groups differ from each other. For example, suppose that a medical trial compares four treatments. The ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-The formula for the one-way ANOVA F-test statistic is explained variance unexplained variance , or between-group variability within-group variability .
The "explained variance", or "between-group variability" is ∑i=1Kni(Y¯i⋅−Y¯)2/(K−1) where Y¯i⋅ denotes the sample mean in the i-th group... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-The "unexplained variance", or "within-group variability" is ∑i=1K∑j=1ni(Yij−Y¯i⋅)2/(N−K), where Yij is the jth observation in the ith out of K groups and N is the overall sample size. This F-statistic follows the F-distribution with degrees of freedom d1=K−1 and d2=N−K under the nul... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-Note that when there are only two groups for the one-way ANOVA F-test, F=t2 where t is the Student's t statistic. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-Regression problems Consider two models, 1 and 2, where model 1 is 'nested' within model 2. Model 1 is the restricted model, and model 2 is the unrestricted one. That is, model 1 has p1 parameters, and model 2 has p2 parameters, where p1 < p2, and for any choice of parameters in model 1, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-One common context in this regard is that of deciding whether a model fits the data significantly better than does a naive model, in which the only explanatory term is the intercept term, so that all predicted values for the dependent variable are set equal to that variable's sample mean.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-Another common context is deciding whether there is a structural break in the data: here the restricted model uses all data in one regression, while the unrestricted model uses separate regressions for two different subsets of the data. This use of the F-test is known as the Chow test. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-The model with more parameters will always be able to fit the data at least as well as the model with fewer parameters. Thus typically model 2 will give a better (i.e. lower error) fit to the data than model 1. But one often wants to determine whether model 2 gives a significantly better ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F-test-Formula and calculation-If there are n data points to estimate parameters of both models from, then one can calculate the F statistic, given by RSS RSS RSS 2n−p2), where RSSi is the residual sum of squares of model i. If the regression model has been calculated with weights, then replace RSSi with χ2, the weight... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Level staff-A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod, used with a levelling instrument to determine the difference in height between points or heights of points above a vertical datum.
When used for stadiametric rangefinding, the level staff is called a stadia rod. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Rod construction and materials-Levelling rods can be one piece, but many are sectional and can be shortened for storage and transport or lengthened for use. Aluminum rods may be shortened by telescoping sections inside each other, while wooden rod sections can be attached to each other with sliding connecti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Rod construction and materials-There are many types of rods, with names that identify the form of the graduations and other characteristics. Markings can be in imperial or metric units. Some rods are graduated on one side only while others are marked on both sides. If marked on both sides, the markings can ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Reading a rod-In the photograph on the right, both a metric (left) and imperial (right) levelling rod are seen. This is a two-sided aluminum rod, coated white with markings in contrasting colours. The imperial side has a bright yellow background. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Reading a rod-The metric rod has major numbered graduations in meters and tenths of meters (e.g. 18 is 1.8 m - there is a tiny decimal point between the numbers). Between the major marks are either a pattern of squares and spaces in different colours or an E shape (or its mirror image) with horizontal compo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Reading a rod-The imperial graduations are in feet (large red numbers), tenths of a foot (small black numbers) and hundredths of a foot (unnumbered marks or spaces between the marks). The tenths of a foot point is indicated by the top of the long mark with the upward sloped end. The point halfway between te... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Classes of rods-Rods come in two classes: Self-reading rods (sometimes called speaking rods). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Classes of rods-Target rods.Self-reading rods are rods that are read by the person viewing the rod through the telescope of the instrument. The graduations are sufficiently clear to read with good accuracy. Target rods, on the other hand, are equipped with a target. The target is a round or oval plate marke... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Classes of rods-Digital levels electronically read a bar-coded scale on the staff. These instruments usually include data recording capability. The automation removes the requirement for the operator to read a scale and write down the value, and so reduces blunders. It may also compute and apply refraction ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Topographer's rods-Topographer's rods are special purpose rods used in topographical surveys. The rod has the zero mark at mid-height and the graduations increase in both directions away from the mid-height. In use, the rod is adjusted so that the zero point is level with the instrument (or the surveyor's ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Level staff-Topographer's rods-An alternative topographer's rod has the graduations numbered upwards from the base. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
STEbus-STEbus-The STEbus (also called the IEEE-1000 bus) is a non-proprietary, processor-independent, computer bus with 8 data lines and 20 address lines. It was popular for industrial control systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s before the ubiquitous IBM PC dominated this market. STE stands for STandard Eurocard.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
STEbus-Origins-In the early 1980s, there were many proprietary bus systems, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Most had grown in an ad-hoc manner, typically around a particular microprocessor. The S-100 bus is based on Intel 8080 signals, the STD Bus around Z80 signals, the SS-50 bus around the Motorola 6800, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
STEbus-Origins-The VMEbus had provided a high-quality solution for high-performance 16-bit processors, using reliable DIN 41612 connectors and well-specified Eurocard board sizes and rack systems. However, these were too costly where an application only needed a modest 8-bit processor. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
STEbus-Origins-In the mid 1980s, the STEbus standard addressed these issues by specifying what is rather like a VMEbus simplified for 8-bit processors. The bus signals are sufficiently generic so that they are easy for 8-bit processors to interface with. The board size was usually a single-height Eurocard (100 mm x 160... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
STEbus-Origins-The latter positioned the bus connector so that it could neatly merge into VME-bus systems.
IEEE Working Group P1000 initially considered simply repinning the STD Bus, replacing its card edge connector with the DIN41612 connector.
But they decided to create a completely new high-performance 8-bit bus.
Th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
STEbus-Maturity-The STEbus was very successful in its day. It was given the official standard IEEE1000-1987. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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