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Wolverine (character) | also explains guys like logan demand others like them.victor working machiyako helping shogunate clan war yashida clan according rapists killers.victors employers paying gold rice attempts persuade logan stating hell need gold win woman like mariko.back present logan watching television news anchor states yami boarded plane john grant logans alias.logan starts trying find yami plane. |
Wolverine (character) | walks bar trying get information end bar fight.heavy persuasion finds yamis family lives.another flashback logan takes victors offer.two participate ongoing feud shogunate yashida clans.victor states shingen hiding monastery. |
Wolverine (character) | logan hesitant fight brothers.victor responds true brother present logan arrives yamis family house.father sister mourning.logan explains plane her.yamis father asks die pain. |
Wolverine (character) | logan lies says quick.father warns logan leave city late.point revealed logans flashbacks go back years ago.logan walking citizen warns logan run hes coming.logan asks citizen lifts head show grotesque face eye hanging socket. |
Wolverine (character) | victim answers logan creed.it also officially continuity punisher max foolkiller max max fury titles phantom eagle max evidenced one issue wolverine got adamantium claws las vegas gangster.major differences wolverine main marvel universe counterpart adamantium claws mickey gold las vegas gangster instead skeleton coated material bone claws became samurai monk feudalera japan meeting mariko yashida.wolverine prodigal son another alternative reality logan rebellious youth taken dojo secluded forest found near dead amnesia.regenerative capabilities claws still present adamantium laced skeleton absent.help friend tammarah trying find father along past wolverine snikt comic tsutomu nihei wolverine sent alternative future year earth arriving hand humans age need weapon fight race engineered viruses grow sentient beings destroyed adamantium. |
Wolverine (character) | wolverine end wolverine end comic book featuring wolverine.written paul jenkins.as part marvels end series comic details wolverines last adventure.story depicts wolverine old man living canadian wilderness facing mortality.events depicted within wolverine end subsequently contradicted storylines wolverine vol.decimation storyline. |
Wolverine (character) | wolverine vs marvel universe reality punisher unknowingly released unstoppable plague turns anyone infected homicidal cannibals stopping potential weapons deal involving russian mob.weeks later wolverine colossus horrified witnessing spiderman kill eat rhino.later mission hydra psylocke wolverine holds enemy forces psylocke attempts get away taken unknown assailant leaves severed arm behind.wolverine decides stay investigate psylockes disappearance cause growing pandemic witnessing horrid acts violence cannibalism city.eventually contacted xmen help investigate angels disappearance later supposed bring lab equipment hank mccoy along reed richards hank pym tchalla trying develop cure plague. |
Wolverine (character) | killing infected doctor octopus wolverine finds black bird infected angel forced kill.deducing plague may reached utopia wolverine takes black bird back utopia discovers xmen infected.unable save wolverine kills xmen utopia.xmen forever alternative reality continuing writer chris claremonts run uncanny xmen wolverine jean grey begun secret psychic affair though jean remains scott time professional aspects relationship enough physical subtleties recognised kitty pryde.nick fury decrees xmen must work closer government incensed logan goes awol keeps touch jean. |
Wolverine (character) | logan later killed storm appears become evil turned xmen.death sends jean temporary coma.awakens enraged jean longer able willing hide true feelings wolverine.following revelation storms involvement wolverines death storm attacked shadowcat due earlier phasing mishap acquired one wolverines adamantium claws arm.storm escapes revealed working shadowy previously unknown group called consortium. |
Wolverine (character) | xmen search new york storm another younger version storm short hair appears finds gambit implies kidnapped wolverine freed death.around time older version storm seemingly killed team commandos consortium.universe sabretooth implies wolverines death logan son wanted revenge storm killed him.xmen end alternative future xmen end wolverine caring crippled storm given life xman.however attacked warskrull wolverine storm return xmen find crater mansion stood. |
Wolverine (character) | wolverine along rachel summers x others sent find happened cable team.wolverine jean greyphoenix meet again.jean helps logan break free lady mastermind later helps heal.young xmen end days dystopic future depicted final two issues young xmen aged logan one four remaining mutants xaviera former mutant safehaven independent state utopia.anole emma frost calling diamondheart graymalkin incapacitated greatly aged ink. |
Wolverine (character) | dust suddenly appears greatly changed appearance persona altered powers.wolverine firsts catches scent building mission causing reveal herself.offers resistance stating cant promise others.asking shes dust responds mutants allowed die.wolverine tells get bent immediately kills leaving nothing adamantium skeleton. |
Wolverine (character) | media wolverine one xmen characters appearing every media adaptation xmen franchise including film television computer video games.australian actor hugh jackman played wolverine xmen films holds guinness world record longest career liveaction marvel superhero.reception wolverine topped wizard magazines greatest comic book characters time list.ign ranked wolverine th top comic book heroes.empire magazine named fourthgreatest comic book character. |
Novel | collected editions marvel essentials marvel essential editions reprint material black white.oversized hardcovers thick trade paperbacks epic complete ultimate collections main series wolverine manifest destiny wolverine xmen marvel comics presents featuring wolverine wolverine origins wolverine first class references external links wolverine comic book db archived originalwolverine marvel universe wikiwolverine curlieuncannyxmen.net spotlight wolverine uncannyxmen.netjames howlett marvel database marvel comics wikijames howlett spiderman wikipresent english word long work prose fiction derives italian novella new news short story something new latin novella singular noun use neuter plural novellus diminutive novus meaning new.novelists including nathaniel hawthorne herman melville ann radcliffe john cowper powys preferred term romance describe novels.according margaret doody novel continuous comprehensive history two thousand years origins ancient greek roman novel chivalric romance tradition italian renaissance novella.ancient romance form revived romanticism especially historical romances walter scott gothic novel.including m. h. abrams walter scott argued novel fiction narrative displays realistic depiction state society romance encompasses fictitious narrative emphasizes marvellous uncommon incidents.works fiction include marvellous uncommon incidents also novels including lord rings kill mockingbird frankenstein.romances works fiction whose main emphasis marvellous unusual incidents confused romance novel type genre fiction focuses romantic love.murasaki shikibus tale genji early thcentury japanese text sometimes described worlds first novel based early use experience intimacy narrative form — certainly long fictional prose works preceded it. |
Novel | spread printed books china led appearance classical chinese novels ming dynasty –.early example europe written muslim spain sufi writer ibn tufayl entitled hayy ibn yaqdhan.later developments occurred invention printing press.miguel de cervantes author quixote first part published frequently cited first significant european novelist modern era.literary historian ian watt rise novel argued modern novel born early th century.recent technological developments led many novel also published nonprint media includes audio books web novels ebooks. |
Novel | another nontraditional fiction format found graphic novels.comic book versions works fiction origins th century become popular recently.defining genre novel long fictional narrative describes intimate human experiences.novel modern era usually makes use literary prose style.development prose novel time encouraged innovations printing introduction cheap paper th century. |
Novel | fictional narrative fictionality commonly cited distinguishing novels historiography.however problematic criterion.throughout early modern period authors historical narratives would often include inventions rooted traditional beliefs order embellish passage text add credibility opinion.historians would also invent compose speeches didactic purposes.novels hand depict social political personal realities place period clarity detail found works history. |
Novel | literary prose prose rather verse became standard modern novel ancestors modern european novel include verse epics romance language southern france especially chrétien de troyes late th century middle english geoffrey chaucers c. – canterbury tales.even th century fictional narratives verse lord byrons juan alexander pushkins yevgeniy onegin elizabeth barrett brownings aurora leigh competed prose novels.vikram seths golden gate composed onegin stanzas recent example verse novel.experience intimacy thcentury japan thcentury europe prose fiction created intimate reading situations.harold bloom characterizes lady murasakis use intimacy irony tale genji anticipated cervantes first novelist. |
Novel | hand verse epics including odyssey aeneid recited select audiences though intimate experience performance plays theaters.new world individualistic fashion personal views intimate feelings secret anxieties conduct gallantry spread novels associated proseromance.length novel today longest genre narrative prose fiction followed novella.however th century critics saw romance epic length novel short rival.precise definition differences length types fiction however possible. |
Novel | philosopher literary critic györgy lukács argued requirement length connected notion novel encompass totality life.early novels earliest novels include classical greek latin prose narratives first century bc second century ad charitons callirhoe mid st century arguably earliest surviving western novel well petronius satyricon lucians true story apuleius golden ass anonymous aesop romance alexander romance.style works later adapted later byzantine novels hysimine hysimines eustathios makrembolites narrative forms also developed classical sanskrit th th centuries vasavadatta subandhu daśakumāracarita avantisundarīkathā daṇḍin kadambari banabhatta.urbanization spread printed books song dynasty – china led evolution oral storytelling fictional novels ming dynasty –.parallel european developments occur invention printing press johannes gutenberg rise publishing industry century later allowed similar opportunities.modern european novel often said begun quixote . |
Novel | medieval period – chivalric romances romance chivalric romance type narrative prose verse popular aristocratic circles high medieval early modern europe.marvelfilled adventures often knighterrant heroic qualities undertakes quest yet emphasis heterosexual love courtly manners distinguishes chanson de geste kinds epic involve heroism.later romances particularly french origin marked tendency emphasize themes courtly love.originally romance literature written old french anglonorman occitan later english italian german.early th century romances increasingly written prose.the shift verse prose dates early th century.prose lancelot vulgate cycle includes passages period. |
Novel | collection indirectly led thomas malorys le morte darthur early s. prose became increasingly attractive enabled writers associate popular stories serious histories traditionally composed prose could also easily translated.popular literature also drew themes romance ironic satiric burlesque intent.romances reworked legends fairy tales history fashion miguel de cervantes famously burlesqued quixote .still modern image medieval influenced romance medieval genre word medieval evokes knights distressed damsels dragons tropes.around connotations romance modified development gothic fiction.novella term novel originates production short stories novella remained part european oral culture storytelling late th century.fairy tales jokes humorous stories designed make point conversation exemplum priest would insert sermon belong tradition. |
Novel | written collections stories circulated wide range products practical compilations examples designed use clerics compilations various stories boccaccios decameron geoffrey chaucers canterbury tales –.decameron compilation one hundred novelle told ten people—seven women three men—fleeing black death escaping florence fiesole hills .renaissance period – modern distinction history fiction exist early sixteenth century grossest improbabilities pervade many historical accounts found early modern print market.william caxtons edition thomas malorys le morte darthur sold true history though story unfolded series magical incidents historical improbabilities.sir john mandevilles voyages written th century circulated printed editions throughout th century filled natural wonders accepted fact like onefooted ethiopians use extremity umbrella desert sun. |
Novel | works eventually came viewed works fiction.in th th centuries two factors led separation history fiction.invention printing immediately created new market comparatively cheap entertainment knowledge form chapbooks.elegant production genre th thcentury authors belles lettres—that market would neither low academic.second major development first bestseller modern fiction spanish amadis de gaula garcía montalvo.however accepted example belles lettres. |
Novel | amadis eventually became archetypical romance contrast modern novel began developed th century.chapbooks chapbook early type popular literature printed early modern europe.produced cheaply chapbooks commonly small papercovered booklets usually printed single sheet folded books pages.often illustrated crude woodcuts sometimes bore relation text.illustrations included chapbooks considered popular prints. |
Novel | tradition arose th century soon printed books became affordable rose height th th centuries many different kinds ephemera popular folk literature published chapbooks almanacs childrens literature folk tales nursery rhymes pamphlets poetry political religious tracts.the term chapbook type literature coined th century.corresponding french german terms bibliothèque bleue blue book volksbuch respectively.principal historical subject matter chapbooks abridgements ancient historians popular medieval histories knights stories comical heroes religious legends collections jests fables.new printed books reached households urban citizens country merchants visited cities traders.cheap printed histories th th centuries especially popular among apprentices younger urban readers sexes.the early modern market divided low chapbooks high market expensive fashionable elegant belles lettres. |
Novel | amadis rabelais gargantua pantagruel important publications respect divide.books specifically addressed new customers popular histories rather readers belles lettres.amadis multi–volume fictional history style aroused debate style elegance became first bestseller popular fiction.hand gargantua pantagruel adopted form modern popular history fact satirized genres stylistic achievements.division low high literature became especially visible books appeared popular belles lettres markets course th th centuries low chapbooks included abridgments books quixote.the term chapbook also use presentday publications commonly short inexpensive booklets. |
Novel | heroic romances heroic romance genre imaginative literature flourished th century principally france.the beginnings modern fiction france took pseudobucolic form celebrated lastrée honore durfe – earliest french novel properly styled pastoral.although action main languid sentimental side astree encouraged extravagant love glory spirit panache rising height france.spirit animated marin le roy de gomberville – inventor since known heroical romances.experienced violent recrudescence old medieval elements romance impossible valour devoted pursuit impossible beauty whole clothed language feeling atmosphere age books written.order give point chivalrous actions heroes always hinted wellknown public characters day romantic disguise. |
Novel | satirical romances stories witty cheats integral part european novella tradition fabliaux.significant examples include till eulenspiegel lazarillo de tormes grimmelshausens simplicissimus teutsch – england richard heads english rogue .tradition developed titles focused hero life.adventures led satirical encounters real world hero either becoming pitiable victim rogue exploited vices met.a second tradition satirical romances traced back heinrich wittenwilers ring c. françois rabelais gargantua pantagruel – parodied satirized heroic romances mostly dragging low realm burlesque.quixote modified satire romances hero lost contact reality reading many romances amadisian tradition.other important works tradition paul scarrons roman comique – anonymous french rozelli satire europes religions alainrené lesages gil blas – henry fieldings joseph andrews tom jones denis diderots jacques fatalist printed posthumously . |
Novel | histories market literature modern sense word separate market fiction poetry exist late seventeenth century.books sold rubric history politicks early th century including pamphlets memoirs travel literature political analysis serious histories romances poetry novels.that fictional histories shared space academic histories modern journalism criticized historians since end middle ages fictions lies therefore hardly justifiable all.climate however changed s.the romance format quasi–historical works madame daulnoy césar vichard de saintréal gatien de courtilz de sandras annemarguerite petit du noyer allowed publication histories dared risk unambiguous assertion truth.literary marketplace late th early th century employed simple pattern options whereby fictions could reach sphere true histories.permitted authors claim published fiction truth ever faced allegations libel.prefaces title pages seventeenth early eighteenth century fiction acknowledged pattern histories could claim romances threaten relate true events roman à clef. |
Novel | works could conversely claim factual histories yet earn suspicion wholly invented.differentiation made private public history daniel defoes robinson crusoe within pattern neither romance novel.smelled romance yet preface stated certainly read true private history.cervantes modern novel rise modern novel alternative chivalric romance began publication miguel de cervantes novelas exemplares .continued scarrons roman comique first part appeared whose heroes noted rivalry french romances new spanish genre.late thcentury critics looked back history prose fiction proud generic shift taken place leading towards modern novelnovella. |
Novel | first perfect works french scarron madame de la fayettes spanish history zayde .development finally led princesse de clèves first novel would become characteristic french subject matter.europe witnessed generic shift titles works french published holland supplied international market english publishers exploited novelromance controversy s. contemporary critics listed advantages new genre brevity lack ambition produce epic poetry prose style fresh plain focus modern life heroes neither good bad.novels potential become medium urban gossip scandal fuelled rise novelnovella.stories offered allegedly true recent histories sake scandal strictly moral lessons gave.prove fictionalized names used true names separate key. |
Novel | mercure gallant set fashion s. collections letters memoirs appeared filled intriguing new subject matter epistolary novel grew led first full blown example scandalous fiction aphra behns loveletters nobleman sister .rise literary novel reading novels form entertainment.however one earliest english novels daniel defoes robinson crusoe elements romance unlike novels exotic setting story survival isolation.crusoe lacks almost elements found new novels wit fast narration evolving around group young fashionable urban heroes along intrigues scandalous moral gallant talk imitated brief concise plot.new developments however lead eliza haywoods epic length novel love excess samuel richardsons pamela virtue rewarded .literary historians date beginning english novel richardsons pamela rather crusoe. |
Novel | thcentury novels idea rise novel th century especially associated ian watts influential study rise novel .watts conception rise fictional realism th century came distinguish novel earlier prose narratives.philosophical novel rising status novel eighteenth century seen development philosophical experimental novels.philosophical fiction exactly new.platos dialogues embedded fictional narratives republic early example utopia.ibn tufails th century philosophus autodidacticus story human outcast surviving island th century response ibn alnafis theologus autodidactus didactic narrative works though early examples philosophical theological novel respectively.the tradition works fiction also philosophical texts continued thomas mores utopia tommaso campanellas city sun . |
Novel | however actual tradition philosophical novel came new editions mores work title utopia happy republic philosophical romance .voltaire wrote genre micromegas comic romance biting satire philosophy ignorance selfconceit mankind english .zadig candide became central texts french enlightenment modern novel.an example experimental novel laurence sternes life opinions tristram shandy gentleman – rejection continuous narration.author addresses readers preface speaks directly fictional narrative.addition sternes narrative experiments visual experiments marbled page black page express sorrow page lines show plot lines book. |
Novel | novel whole focuses problems language constant regard john lockes theories essay concerning human understanding.romance genre th century rise word novel cost rival romance remained spanish english phenomenon though readers western europe welcomed novella short history alternative second half th century english spanish however openly discredited romance.but change taste brief fénelons telemachus les aventures de télémaque already exploited nostalgia old romances heroism professed virtue.jane barker explicitly advertised exilius new romance written manner telemachus .robinson crusoe spoke story romance though preface third volume published defoe attacks said ... story feignd names borrowd romance never man place.the late th century brought answer romantic movements readiness reclaim word romance gothic romance historical novels walter scott.robinson crusoe became novel period work new realistic fiction created th century. |
Novel | sentimental novel sentimental novels relied emotional responses feature scenes distress tenderness plot arranged advance emotions rather action.result valorization fine feeling displaying characters models refined sensitive emotional affect.ability display feelings thought time show character experience help shape positive social life relationships.an example genre samuel richardsons pamela virtue rewarded composed cultivate principles virtue religion minds youth sexes focuses potential victim heroine modern virtues vulnerable low social status occupation servant libertine falls love her.however ends reforming antagonist.male heroes adopted new sentimental character traits s. laurence sternes yorick hero sentimental journey enormous amount humour.oliver goldsmiths vicar wakefield henry mackenzies man feeling produced far serious role models.these works inspired sub counterculture pornographic novels greek latin authors translations provided elegant models last century. |
Novel | pornography includes john clelands fanny hill offered almost exact reversals plot novels emphasised virtue.prostitute fanny hill learns enjoy work establishes free economically independent individual editions one could expect buy counter.less virtuous protagonists also found satirical novels like richard heads english rogue feature brothels women authors like aphra behn offered heroines alternative careers precursors thcentury femmes fatales.the genre evolves example werther johann wolfgang von goethes sorrows young werther realising impossible integrate new conformist society pierre choderlos de laclos les liaisons dangereuses showing group aristocrats playing games intrigue amorality.. social context th century novel changing cultural status around fiction longer predominantly aristocratic entertainment printed books soon gained power reach readers almost classes though reading habits differed follow fashions remained privilege.spain trendsetter french authors superseded cervantes de quevedo alemán s. huet note change one manners.new french works taught new surface freer gallant exchange sexes essence life french court.the situation changed works french authors published holland reach french censors.dutch publishing houses pirated fashionable books france created new market political scandalous fiction. |
Novel | led market european rather french fashions early th century.by fashionable political european novels inspired second wave private scandalous publications generated new productions local importance.women authors reported politics private love affairs hague london.german students imitated boast private amours fiction.london anonymous international market netherlands publishers hamburg leipzig generated new public spheres.private individuals students university towns daughters londons upper class began write novels based questionable reputations public began call reformation manners.an important development britain beginning century new journals like spectator tatler reviewed novels. |
Novel | germany gotthold ephraim lessings briefe die neuste literatur betreffend appeared middle century reviews art fiction.reviews played important role introducing new works fiction public.influenced new journals reform became main goal second generation eighteenth century novelists.spectator number stated aim enliven morality wit temper wit morality … bring philosophy closets libraries schools colleges dwell clubs assemblies teatables coffeehouses.constructive criticism novels rare.first treatise history novel preface marie de la fayettes novel zayde .a much later development introduction novels school later university curricula. |
Novel | acceptance novels literature french churchman scholar pierre daniel huets traitté de lorigine des romans laid ground greater acceptance novel literature comparable classics early th century.theologian dared praise fictions also explained techniques theological interpretation fiction novelty.furthermore readers novels romances could gain insight culture also distant exotic countries.when decades around saw appearance new editions classical authors petronius lucian heliodorus emesa.publishers equipped prefaces referred huets treatise.canon established. |
Novel | also exotic works middle eastern fiction entered market gave insight islamic culture.book one thousand one nights first published europe french translated immediately english german seen contribution huets history romances.the english select collection novels six volumes – milestone development novels prestige.included huets treatise along european tradition modern novel day novella machiavellis marie de la fayettes masterpieces.aphra behns novels appeared became classics reprinted collections.fénelons telemachus became classic three years publication. |
Novel | new authors entering market ready use personal names rather pseudonyms including eliza haywood following footsteps aphra behn used name unprecedented pride.thcentury novels romanticism word romanticism connected idea romance romance genre experienced revival end th century gothic fiction began english author horace walpoles castle otranto subtitled second edition gothic story.important works ann radcliffes mysteries udolpho monk lewiss monk .the new romances challenged idea novel involved realistic depiction life destabilized difference critics trying establish serious classical art popular fiction.gothic romances exploited grotesque critics thought subject matter deserved less credit worst medieval tales arthurian knighthood.the authors new type fiction accused exploiting available topics thrill arouse horrify audience.new romantic novelists however claimed exploring entire realm fictionality. |
Novel | psychological interpreters early th century read works encounters deeper hidden truth human imagination included sexuality anxieties insatiable desires.readings novels described exploring deeper human motives suggested artistic freedom would reveal previously openly visible.the romances de sade les journées de sodome poes tales grotesque arabesque mary shelley frankenstein e.t.a.hoffmann die elixiere des teufels would later attract thcentury psychoanalysts supply images th stcentury horror films love romances fantasy novels roleplaying computer games surrealists.the historical romance also important time.earlier writers romances paid little attention historical reality walter scotts historical novel waverley broke tradition invented true historical novel.time influenced gothic romance collaborated monk lewis tales wonder. |
Novel | waverley novels scott hoped scottish border goethe german poets done middle ages make past live modern romance.scotts novels mode defined romance interest turns upon marvelous uncommon incidents.used imagination reevaluate history rendering things incidents protagonists way novelist could do.work remained historical fiction yet questioned existing historical perceptions.use historical research important tool scott novelist resorted documentary sources historian would done romantic gave subject deeper imaginative emotional significance. |
Novel | combining research marvelous uncommon incidents scott attracted far wider market historian could famous novelist generation throughout europe.victorian period – th century relationship authors publishers readers changed.authors originally received payment manuscript however changes copyright laws began th continued th century promised royalties future editions.another change th century novelists began read works theaters halls bookshops.also nineteenth century market popular fiction grew competed works literature. |
Novel | new institutions like circulating library created new market mass reading public.another difference novels began deal difficult subjects including current political social issues discussed newspapers magazines.idea social responsibility became key subject whether citizen artist theoretical debate concentrating questions around moral soundness modern novel.questions artistic integrity well aesthetics including example.idea art arts sake proposed writers like oscar wilde algernon charles swinburne also important.major british writers charles dickens thomas hardy influenced romance genre tradition novel revitalized romantic period.brontë sisters notable midthcentury authors tradition anne brontës tenant wildfell hall charlotte brontës jane eyre emily brontës wuthering heights. |
Novel | publishing end th century joseph conrad called supreme romancer.america romance ... proved serious flexible successful medium exploration philosophical ideas attitudes.notable examples include nathaniel hawthornes scarlet letter herman melvilles mobydick.a number european novelists similarly influenced period earlier romance tradition along romanticism including victor hugo novels like hunchback notredame les misérables mikhail yuryevich lermontov hero time .many thcentury authors dealt significant social matters.émile zolas novels depicted world working classes marx engelss nonfiction explores.united states slavery racism became topics far broader public debate thanks harriet beecher stowes uncle toms cabin dramatizes topics previously discussed mainly abstract. |
Novel | charles dickens novels led readers contemporary workhouses provided firsthand accounts child labor.treatment subject war changed leo tolstoys war peace questions facts provided historians.similarly treatment crime different fyodor dostoyevskys crime punishment point view criminal.women authors dominated fiction early th century george eliot openly questioned role education status women society did.as novel became platform modern debate national literatures developed link present past form historical novel.alessandro manzonis promessi sposi italy novelists russia surrounding slavonic countries well scandinavia likewise.along new appreciation history future also became topic fiction. |
Novel | done earlier works like samuel maddens memoirs twentieth century mary shelleys last man work whose plot culminated catastrophic last days mankind extinguished plague.edward bellamys looking backward h.g.wellss time machine concerned technological biological developments.industrialization darwins theory evolution marxs theory class divisions shaped works turned historical processes subject wide debate.bellamys looking backward became second bestselling book th century harriet beecher stowes uncle toms cabin. |
Novel | works led development whole genre popular science fiction th century approached.th century modernism postmodernism james joyces ulysses major influence modern novelists way replaced th thcentury narrator text attempted record inner thoughts stream consciousness.term first used william james along related term interior monologue used modernists like dorothy richardson marcel proust virginia woolf william faulkner.also expressionist alfred döblin went different direction berlin alexanderplatz interspersed nonfictional text fragments exist alongside fictional material create another new form realism differs streamofconsciousness.later works like samuel becketts trilogy molloy malone dies unnamable well julio cortázars rayuela thomas pynchons gravitys rainbow make use streamofconsciousness technique.hand robert coover example authors fragmented stories challenged time sequentiality fundamental structural concepts.the th century novel deals wide range subject matter. |
Novel | erich maria remarques quiet western front focusses young germans experiences world war i. jazz age explored american f. scott fitzgerald great depression fellow american john steinbeck.totalitarianism subject british writer george orwells famous novels.existentialism focus two writers france jeanpaul sartre nausea albert camus stranger .counterculture exploration altered states consciousness led revived interest mystical works hermann hesse steppenwolf produced iconic works example ken keseys one flew cuckoos nest thomas pynchons gravitys rainbow.novelists also interested subject racial gender identity recent decades. |
Novel | jesse kavadlo maryville university st. louis described chuck palahniuks fight club closeted feminist critique.virginia woolf simone de beauvoir doris lessing elfriede jelinek feminist voices period.furthermore major political military confrontations th st centuries also influenced novelists.events world war ii german perspective dealt günter grass tin drum american joseph hellers catch .subsequent cold war influenced popular spy novels.latin american selfawareness wake failing leftist revolutions resulted latin american boom linked names novelists julio cortázar mario vargas llosa carlos fuentes gabriel garcía márquez along invention special brand postmodern magic realism.another major thcentury social event socalled sexual revolution reflected modern novel. |
Novel | d.h. lawrences lady chatterleys lover published italy british censorship lifting ban late .henry millers tropic cancer created comparable us scandal.transgressive fiction vladimir nabokovs lolita michel houellebecqs les particules élémentaires pushed boundaries leading mainstream publication explicitly erotic works anne desclos story anaïs nins delta venus .in second half th century postmodern authors subverted serious debate playfulness claiming art could never original always plays existing materials.idea language selfreferential already accepted truth world pulp fiction.postmodernist rereads popular literature essential cultural production. |
Novel | novels thomas pynchons crying lot umberto ecos name rose foucaults pendulum made use intertextual references.genre fiction see also thriller westerns speculative fictionwhile reader socalled serious literature follow public discussions novels popular fiction production employs direct shortterm marketing strategies openly declaring works genre.popular novels based entirely expectations particular genre includes creation series novels identifiable brand name.e.g.sherlock holmes series arthur conan doyle.popular literature holds larger market share. |
Novel | romance fiction estimated .billion share us book market .inspirational literaturereligious literature followed million science fictionfantasy million mystery million classic literary fiction million.genre literature might seen successor early modern chapbook.fields share focus readers search accessible reading satisfaction.twentieth century love romance successor novels madeleine de scudéry marie de la fayette aphra behn eliza haywood wrote s. modern adventure novel goes back daniel defoes robinson crusoe immediate successors. |
Novel | modern pornography precedent chapbook market originates libertine hedonistic belles lettres works like john clelands fanny hill similar eighteenth century novels.ian flemings james bond descendant anonymous yet extremely sophisticated stylish narrator mixed love affairs political missions la guerre despagne .marion zimmer bradleys mists avalon influenced tolkien well arthurian literature including nineteenth century successors.modern horror fiction also precedent market chapbooks goes back elitist market early nineteenth century romantic literature.modern popular science fiction even shorter history s.the authors popular fiction tend advertise exploited controversial topic major difference socalled elitist literature. |
Novel | dan brown example discusses website question whether da vinci code antichristian novel.authors popular fiction fan community serve risk offending literary critics.however boundaries popular serious literature blurred recent years postmodernism poststructuralism well adaptation popular literary classics film television industries.crime became major subject th st century genre novelists crime fiction reflects realities modern industrialized societies.crime personal public subject criminals personal motivations detectives see moral codes challenged.patricia highsmiths thrillers became medium new psychological explorations. |
Novel | paul austers new york trilogy – example experimental postmodernist literature based genre.fantasy another major area commercial fiction major example j. r. r. tolkiens lord rings work originally written young readers became major cultural artefact.tolkien fact revived tradition european epic literature tradition beowulf north germanic edda arthurian cycles.science fiction another important type genre fiction developed variety ways ranging early technological adventure jules verne made fashionable aldous huxleys brave new world western consumerism technology.george orwells nineteen eightyfour deals totalitarianism surveillance among matters stanisław lem isaac asimov arthur c. clarke produced modern classics focus interaction humans machines.surreal novels philip k dick three stigmata palmer eldritch explore nature reality reflecting widespread recreational experimentation drugs coldwar paranoia s. writers ursula le guin margaret atwood explore feminist broader social issues works.william gibson author cult classic neuromancer one new wave authors explore postapocalyptic fantasies virtual reality. |
Novel | st century nontraditional formats major development century novels published ebooks growth web fiction available primarily solely internet.common type web serial unlike modern novels web fiction novels frequently published parts time.ebooks often published paper version.audio books recording book reading also become common century.another nontraditional format popular century graphic novel. |
Novel | however though graphic novel may fictional story presented comicstrip format published book also refers nonfiction collections short works.term graphic novel coined precursors th century.author john updike spoke bristol literary society death novel declared saw intrinsic reason doubly talented artist might arise create comic strip novel masterpiece.popular japanese version graphic novel found manga works fiction published online versions.audiobooks available since schools public libraries lesser extent music shops.since medium become widely available including recently online.web fiction especially popular china revenues topping us. |
Novel | billion well south korea.online literature web fiction inside china million readers therefore online literature china plays much important role united states rest world.books available online popular novels find millions readers.joara s. koreas largest web novel platform writers average serials per day works.company posted . |
Novel | billion sales profits generated .membership .million uses .million cases day average .since joaras users almost gender ratio fantasy romance forms genre fiction high demand.the development ebooks web novels led rapid expansion selfpublished works recent years. |
Novel | authors selfpublish make money traditional publisher.however despite challenges digital media print remains popular book format among u.s. consumers percent adults read print book last twelve months.see also references reading external links novel british librarythe novel british librarythe house seven gables prefacethe greatest novels time.telegraph.march .archived original . |
Poison Ivy (character) | retrieved march .poison ivy created robert kanigher sheldon moldoff made debut batman june .partly inspired titular character nathaniel hawthornes short story rappaccinis daughter misanthropic botanist biochemist possesses poisonous touch enhanced physical abilities supernatural control plant life powers uses purposes ecoterrorism.characters appearance considered iconic typically drawn barefoot onepiece costume adorned leaves vines occasional variations skin tone.uses plant toxins mindcontrolling pheromones criminal activities usually aimed protecting endangered species natural environment careless actions humans.originally characterized supervillain new dc rebirth periodically depicted antiheroine well.ivy empowered interplanetary force known green.neil gaimans short story pavane identifies natures daughter rightful ruler world. |
Poison Ivy (character) | one batmans enduring enemies belonging collective adversaries make batmans rogues gallery.featured many media adaptations related batman.uma thurman portrayed character batman robin clare foley maggie geha peyton list played gotham portrayed bridget regan third season arrowverse series batwoman.also voiced diane pershing dc animated universe piera coppola batman animated series tasia valenza batman arkham video game franchise riki lindhome lego batman movie lake bell harley quinn.publication history poison ivy created robert kanigher sheldon moldoff character first appeared batman june . |
Poison Ivy (character) | moldoff originally modeled bettie page giving haircut look.the character partly inspired short story rappaccinis daughter nathaniel hawthorne maiden tends garden poisonous plants becomes resistant poisons rendered poisonous others.poison ivys origin depicted neil gaimans short story pavane declares natures daughter worlds rightful ruler later revealed fact gifted environmental force known green.ivy considered extremely beautiful within dc universe often presented temptress.typically depicted barefoot long flowing hair plant vines extending limbs green onepiece suit adorned leaves occasional variations skin tone.writer j. t. krul helped define poison ivys personality summed character following quote thing love poison ivy walking line bastion mother nature psycho ecoterrorist.sees hand mother nature.mother nature god ivy would jesus.defends defenseless nature world truly believes cause. |
Poison Ivy (character) | maiming mauling mutilating extreme measures nothing compared irredeemable cruelties humanitys done world nature.ivy always sees greater good punishes deserve it.fictional character biography precrisis dr. lillian rose phd promising botanist persuaded marc legrand assisting theft egyptian artifact containing ancient herbs.fearing would implicate theft attempts poison herbs deadly untraceable.survives murder attempt discovers acquired immunity natural toxins diseases. |
Poison Ivy (character) | postcrisis following events dc maxiseries comic crisis infinite earths massively retconned dc universe history continuity poison ivys origins revised secret origins written neil gaiman.poison ivys real name dr. pamela lillian isley phd gotham city botanist.grows wealthy emotionally distant parents later studies advanced botanical biochemistry university alec holland dr. jason woodrue.isley shy girl easily seduced professor.woodrue injects isley poisons toxins experiment causing transformation. |
Poison Ivy (character) | nearly dies twice result poisonings driving insane.later woodrue flees authorities leaving isley hospital six months.enraged betrayal suffers violent mood swings sweet one moment evil next.boyfriend car accident mysteriously suffering massive fungal overgrowth isley drops school leaves seattle eventually settling gotham city.she begins criminal career threatening release suffocating spores air unless city meets demands.batman appears gotham year thwarts scheme incarcerated arkham asylum. |
Poison Ivy (character) | point kind obsession batman person could control due strong focus.years develops plantlike superpowers noticeable lethal toxin lips literally able kill kiss.in subsequent issues states started life crime attain sufficient funds find location alone plants undisturbed humanity.years later attempts leave gotham forever escaping arkham settle desert island caribbean.transforms barren wasteland second eden first time life happy.soon firebombed however americanowned corporation tests weapons systems think abandoned island. |
Poison Ivy (character) | ivy returns gotham vengeance punishing responsible.willingly apprehended batman resolves never leave gotham least world safe plants.dedicates impossible mission purifying gotham.at one point batman travels seattle ascertain information pamela isleys life became poison ivy.batman states pamelas parents dead.died left undetermined.while arkham poison ivy receives message flowers someone help escape. |
Poison Ivy (character) | night two women holly eva successfully break ivy bring back employer.less happy discover floronic man formerly known dr. jason woodrue former college professor conducted experiments her.human portion remaining head rest body plantbased.after striking deal tunnels gotham ivy receives trunk full money return samples dna.woodrue intends combine dna create child flooding streets gotham highgrade marijuana.purpose create world economy run hemp offspring control it. |
Poison Ivy (character) | batman intervenes overcome woodrues henchwomen holly eva.however ivy turns floronic man lets batman go fight intoxicated maniac.end batman decapitates floronic man ivy escapes money.at times ivy demonstrates positive maternal traits.gotham city destroyed earthquake declared mans land holds dominion robinson park turns tropical paradise rather fight territory like batmans enemies.sixteen children orphaned quake come live sympathizes suffered traumatic childhood herself. |
Poison Ivy (character) | cares like sons daughters despite usual misanthropy.winter clayface basil karlo pays ivy visit hoping form bargain her.would entail growing fruits vegetables orphans harvest selling produce highest bidder.wants nothing plan attempts kill kiss.clayface overpowers however imprisons ivy orphans six months chamber parks lake. |
Poison Ivy (character) | feeds salt keeps sun weaken her.eventually batman comes discovers imprisoned orphans ivy.two agree work together take karlo down.batman battles clayface instructs robin blow lake bed allowing rushing water break apart mud effectively freeing ivy.fights karlo ensnaring branches tree fatally kissing him. |
Poison Ivy (character) | proceeds sink ground becomes fertilizer ivys plants.batman originally intending take orphans away ivy recognizes staying best remain care city restored.also part bargain keep freedom batman arranges ivy provides fresh produce starving hordes earthquake survivors.soon ivy finds harley quinn almost murdered joker among debris earthquake nurses back health.two best friends partnersincrime ever since.after gotham city reopened public city council wants evict park send back arkham asylum uncomfortable thought psychotic ecoterrorist controlling equivalent odd square blocks. |
Poison Ivy (character) | also mistakenly believe orphans ivys care hostages.gotham city police department threaten spray park r.c.sixty powerful herbicide certainly would killed every living plant park including ivy likely harm children.ivy refuses leave park city let destroy paradise created chooses martyrdom.rose one orphans accidentally poisoned ivy hardened ecoterrorist surrenders authorities order save girls life. |
Poison Ivy (character) | batman says much would hate admit ivy still human plant.later gotham characters manipulated riddler hush.task hypnotize superman catwoman using catwoman steal ransom money killer croc original plan interrupted batman superman serves bodyguard hides metropolis.however abandons catwoman killed killer croc batman able keep superman busy fight aided kryptonite ring given long ago long enough man steel break spell.soon afterwards riddler chased attacked hush approaches ivy seeks protection.ivy angered manipulation battles riddler physically psychologically. |
Poison Ivy (character) | comes physically dominate opponent humiliating riddler temporarily breaking spirit.poison ivy comes believe powers killing children looked seeks bruce waynes help reverse powers make normal human more.soon convinced hush take another serum restore powers apparently dies process.however batman gotham knights grave visited shortly thereafter covered ivy creating impression death would shortlived.shortly poison ivy appears briefly robinson park killing two corrupt cops killed one orphans although whether takes place aforementioned storyline unknown.one year later ivy alive active.control flora increased referred par swamp thing floronic man.also appears resumed crusade corporate enemies environment new fanaticism regarding batman longer main opponent hindrance. |
Poison Ivy (character) | arriving back yearlong absence batman discovers ivy feeding people including tiresome lovers incompetent henchmen returned smile giant plant would digest victims slowly painfully.refers murders guilty pleasure.unprecedented event victims souls merge plant creating botanical monster called harvest seeks revenge upon poison ivy.intervention batman however saved.poison ivy left critical condition whereabouts harvest unknown. |
Poison Ivy (character) | storylines countdown pied piper trickster hiding greenhouse picking fruits vegetables plants.run ivy talking plants presumably told piper trickster hurt reacts tying vines intention killing them.shown joined injustice league unlimited one villains featured salvation run.in battle cowl storyline coerced new black mask joining group villains aims take gotham.killer croc unsuccessfully attempt murder damian wayne.shortly escapes black masks control forms alliance catwoman harley quinn leading ongoing series gotham city sirens.during hushs ploy hurt batman hurting loved ones hush kidnaps catwoman surgically removes heart.saved batman catwoman operated gifted surgeons world including doctor midnite mr. terrific. |
Poison Ivy (character) | zatanna also gives magic antidote help heal wounds.order get even hush selina enlists help poison ivy harley quinn oracle holly robinson slam bradley track hushs accounts pilfer leave penniless.selina pays holly harley ivy million hoping would use funds leave gotham start fresh somewhere else.however harley uses money go shopping spree ivy gives money away organizations madagascar costa rica dedicated reforestation.after rescuing catwoman boneblaster new villain trying make name poison ivy takes catwoman back riddlers townhouse.catwoman sees ivy keeping riddler mind control harley could use townhouse hideout.catwoman decides gotham city dangerous ever gang wars new batman partnership two women would advantageous. |
Poison Ivy (character) | however ivy fears catwoman lost edge prowess consults zatanna nature catwomans injuries.zatanna responds catwoman psychological wounds would need healing.ivy resolves harley would provide catwoman positive female reinforcement.three agree become team.however harley ivy one condition catwoman reveal batmans secret identity.eventually ivy sirens ambush riddler office ivy using plants truss gag secretary telling theyve framed murder young nurse. |
Poison Ivy (character) | agrees help clear names discussion ivy reveals recently taken job gotham division s.t.a.r.labs assumed name dr. paula irving.eventually kidnapped placed specialized containment unit researcher named alisa adams escapes turns table captor binding vines.ivy initially informs adams plans kill instead decides let live seeing photograph alisas young daughter.ivy threatens alisa keeping mouth shut true identity telling change mind kill reveals secret anyone.when harley quinn betrays friends breaks arkham asylum goal killing joker ultimately chooses instead release joker cell together two orchestrate violent takeover facility. |
Poison Ivy (character) | poison ivy arrives tries convince harley quinn joker evil harley quinn refuses believe knocks poison ivy unconscious.defeated catwoman batman catwoman tells poison ivy longer friends ivy drugged catwoman attempt discover batmans identity.poison ivy taken arkham asylum.ivy soon escapes ambushes harley cell binding gagging former friend defend herself.ivy struggles decision execute harley betrayal ultimately releases realizing still friend. |
Poison Ivy (character) | together two set find catwoman make pay leaving behind.two find catwoman fight streets.fighting catwoman confesses saw good wanted help them.tells kept tabs batman wanted keep control ivy lashes onto city using giant vines destroy buildings cursing batman manipulating her.batman arrest catwoman helps two escape. |
Poison Ivy (character) | new new rebooted dc universe.poison ivy recruited covertops group known birds prey.though specifically handpicked teams leader black canary members group protest ivys inclusion citing violent past connections various murders.suspicions proven correct ivy poisons team forces attack corrupt companies wants destroy katana apparently kills her.ivy survives injuries returns gotham breaking clayfacebasil karlo order manipulate becoming husband.batman intervenes help mainly locations attacked penguins properties. |
Poison Ivy (character) | poison ivy ends captured penguins men.buried alive survives long enough rescued penguins righthand man emperor penguin taken boss businesses jokers return.proposes alliance her.however karlo batman set free ivys control tracks attacks poison ivy.emperor penguin later calls favor poison ivy. |
Poison Ivy (character) | led emperor penguin empowering chemical made one poison ivys plant concoctions manbat serum venom drug.the characters origin new dc universe presented special issue detective comics .villains month event september .pamela isley born skin condition prevented leaving home.spent limited time outside familys garden.abusive father murdered mother buried garden. |
Poison Ivy (character) | college pamela sold pheromone pills students study effects caught police.used powerful version pills control deans mind would drop charges let graduate honors.visiting father prison kissed poison secreted lips killed him.later landed internship wayne enterprises biochemistry division developing pharmaceutical cosmetic applications.fired suggesting bruce wayne company develop chemicals could brainwash people. |
Poison Ivy (character) | escorted security accidentally spilled chemicals working giving powers control plant life immunity poisons viruses.cycle life death january dc comics debuted ivys first solo comic book series poison ivy cycle life death.dr. pamela isley phd joins plant sciences department gotham botanical gardens things quickly get complicated luisa cruz ivys friend mentor murdered via poisoning.ivy investigates murder whilst working genetic engineering research culminates creation two planthuman hybrid children known rose hazel.with help selina kyle fellow researcher darshan poison ivy finds gotham botanical gardens performing experiments using ivys research result creation another planthuman hybrid child known thorn.ivy destroys laboratory rescues child. |
Poison Ivy (character) | ivy raises rose hazel thorn grow adult size exponential rate becoming young women within weeks.girls sneak see gotham city night first time cause incident strip club gets police involved ivy help escape.returning apartment ivy locks rose hazel thorn away leave again.ivy finds doctor eric grimley chair gotham botanical gardens research department waiting her.grimley conducting experiments ivys research order cure cancer murdered luisa suspicious experiments performing.cancer returning intends harvest rose thorn hazel spores used another cure. |
Poison Ivy (character) | attacks ivy transforms giant plantlike monster.darshan arrives releases girls.ivy rose hazel thorn darshan along swamp thing seeks kill grimley trying break cycle life death fight defeat grimley thorn hacking machete.darshan later helps rose thorn hazel leave ivy reasoning getting restless would go eventually without help.set away gotham places unknown saying plan live lives regardless short may be.dc universe dc comics began next relaunch entire line titles called dc rebirth june . |
Poison Ivy (character) | dc opted rebrand titles dc universe name december using continuity established dc rebirth.better together story arc trinity poison ivy finds dreamworld white mercy entity created black mercy plant mongul connection green.capturing batman wonder woman superman places dreamworld intends use solar energy emitted supermans body open gateway bring white mercy—whom considers daughter—over dreamworld.later revealed mongul deceived poison ivy intended conquer earth using superman vessel.mongul defeated white mercy using batman temporary willing vessel. |
Poison Ivy (character) | poison ivy white mercy bid farewell white mercy uses connection green make poison ivy lose memories incident ivy doesnt need suffer heartache.continuity better together story arc takes place events poison ivy cycle life death involving ivys children.in batgirl poison ivy helps batgirl save airplane passengers plant one ivys specimen growing uncontrollably cargo bay.end reluctantly allows batgirl kill it.in ends earth arc allstar batman poison ivy goes death valley conducts research barren tree discover cures.batman asks poison ivy help deadly bacteria unleashed mr. freeze informing infected girl giving samples it.upon examining ivy realizes infected girl already dead batman wanted evoke sympathy actually seeking cure combat spread disease. |
Poison Ivy (character) | also reveals still working wayne enterprises presented research wrongly thought bruce wayne wanted something manipulate people actually researching pheromones make people feel good.batman warns ivy unknown strike force know ivy able pull biological weapons tree.batman helps ivy fight ivy synthesizes selective agent destroy spores without harming hosts.in war jokes riddles story arc batman poison ivy allied riddler war joker.arc riddler trying convince join side seen stopping carmine falcones men—who sent kill riddler—by capturing vines.in gotham resistance tiein story arc dark nights metal poison ivy controls junglelike realm within gotham city warped dark energy emitted dark metal cards given batman laughs various enemies batman including poison ivy herself.poison ivy captures harley quinn—who realizes poison ivy isnt herself—green arrow nightwing robin killer croc try solve whats going stop it. |
Poison Ivy (character) | escape poison ivy violently reacts plants harmed attack several members teen titans suicide squad also twisted well dark robin.in source code story arc batgirl birds prey poison ivy infiltrates tries take terracare company whose fertilizers contain secret ingredient destructive bee populations.comes across birds prey huntress black canary batgirl catwoman trying save calculators family held hostage terracare.terracare namely traced back data breach calculator sold information catwoman could steal vial ingredient terracare poison ivy.ivy ivy saved boneblaster.stopped responsible terracare batgirl arranges poison ivy becomes chemist charge fertilizers. |
Poison Ivy (character) | arc poison ivy occasionally seen working terracare acquired gordon clean energy helping birds prey villains daughters gotham calculator.in unnatural disaster storyline damage poison ivy fallen influence forces led desire destroy humanity.partnered gorilla grodd purpose.fought damage ethan avery trying protect people them.however poison ivy eventually resists control forces thinks people worth saving doesnt want killer.end swamp thing alec holland reveals ethan avery green trying change poison ivy hasnt succeeded.batman vol. |
Poison Ivy (character) | – features poison ivy arc titled everyone loves ivy.fueled guilt men thought killed war jokes riddles poison ivy uses powers take control everyone earth except batman catwoman.help harley quinn batman catwoman convince poison ivy release world control.end arc poison ivy enters facility known sanctuary rehabilitation.in heroes crisis mental health institution sanctuary poison ivy seen giving confession states shouldnt made heroes terrorist.earlier harley quinn told poison ivy go sanctuary followed there. |
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