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Birth control | believed women needed enjoy sex without fearing pregnancy.time abroad sanger also saw flexible diaphragm dutch clinic thought better form contraceptive.sanger returned united states established shortlived birthcontrol clinic help sister ethel bryne based brownville section brooklyn new york .shut eleven days resulted a... |
Birth control | besides sister sanger helped movement first husband william sanger distributed copies family limitation.sangers second husband james noah h. slee would also later become involved movement acting main funder.sanger also contributed funding research hormonal contraceptives s. helped fund research dr. john rock biologist ... |
Birth control | decrease fertility seen negative.throughout progressive era increase voluntary associations aiding contraceptive movement.organizations failed enlist women use birth control often compared eugenics however women seeking community likeminded women.ideology surrounded birth control started gain traction progressive era d... |
Birth control | use birth control another form selfinterest women clung to.seen women began gravitate towards strong figures like gibson girl.the first permanent birthcontrol clinic established britain marie stopes working malthusian league.clinic run midwives supported visiting doctors offered womens birthcontrol advice taught use ce... |
Birth control | society provision birth control clinics founded campaign municipal clinics led opening second clinic greengate salford .throughout stopes feminist pioneers including dora russell stella browne played major role breaking taboos sex.april birth control conference assembled delegates successful bringing birth control abor... |
Birth control | subsequently association effected series pure applied product safety standards manufacturers must meet ensure contraceptives could prescribed part associations standard twoparttechnique combining rubber appliance protect mouth womb chemical preparation capable destroying... sperm.association founded funded series tests... |
Birth control | birth control clinics running united states despite advertisement still illegal.first lady eleanor roosevelt publicly supported birth control family planning.restrictions birth control comstock laws effectively rendered null void supreme court decisions griswold v. connecticut eisenstadt v. baird .president lyndon b. j... |
Birth control | include barrier methods hormonal methods implanted devices emergency contraceptives sterilization procedures.modern methods richard richter developed first intrauterine device made silkworm gut developed marketed germany ernst gräfenberg late s. austrianborn american chemist named carl djerassi syntex mexico city made ... |
Birth control | include requirement create national plan family planning services remove laws limit access family planning ensure wide variety safe effective birth control methods available including emergency contraceptives make sure appropriately trained healthcare providers facilities affordable price create process review programs... |
Birth control | american congress obstetricians gynecologists acog recommended oral birth control pills counter medications.since least american religious medical legislative legal commentators debated contraception laws.ana garner angela michel found discussions men often attach reproductive rights moral political matters part ongoin... |
Birth control | pope francis amoris laetitia teaches attitude would solve everything applying general rules deriving undue conclusions particular theological considerations greek orthodox church admits possible exception traditional teaching forbidding use artificial contraception used within marriage certain purposes including spacin... |
Birth control | islam contraceptives allowed threaten health although use discouraged some.world contraception day september world contraception day devoted raising awareness improving education sexual reproductive health vision world every pregnancy wanted.supported group governments international ngos including office population aff... |
Birth control | additionally associated number health problems thus recommended.women become pregnant first time sexual intercourse sexual position.possible although likely become pregnant menstruation.contraceptive use regardless duration type negative effect ability women conceive following termination use doesnt significantly delay... |
Birth control | accessibility access birth control may affected finances laws within region country.united states african american hispanic young women disproportionately affected limited access birth control result financial disparity.example hispanic african american women often lack insurance coverage often poor.new immigrants unit... |
Birth control | number alterations existing contraceptive methods studied including better female condom improved diaphragm patch containing progestin vaginal ring containing longacting progesterone.vaginal ring appears effective three four months currently available areas world.women rarely sex taking hormonal birth control levonorge... |
Birth control | another substance polidocanol functions manner looked at.device called essure expands placed fallopian tubes blocks approved united states .black boxed warning regarding potentially serious side effects added device discontinued.males methods male birth control include condoms vasectomies withdrawal.males sexually acti... |
Birth control | number hormonal nonhormonal methods trials research looking possibility contraceptive vaccines.a reversible surgical method investigation reversible inhibition sperm guidance risug consists injecting polymer gel styrene maleic anhydride dimethyl sulfoxide vas deferens.injection sodium bicarbonate washes substance resto... |
Birth control | animals neutering spaying involves removing reproductive organs often carried method birth control household pets.many animal shelters require procedures part adoption agreements.large animals surgery known castration.birth control also considered alternative hunting means controlling overpopulation wild animals.contra... |
Stochastic control | see also human population planningimmunocontraception references reading external links birth control curliewho fact sheet.july .retrieved july .birth control comparison chart.cedar river clinics.bulk procurement birth control world health organizationsystem designer assumes bayesian probabilitydriven fashion random no... |
Stochastic control | basic result discretetime centralized systems additive uncertainty certainty equivalence property optimal control solution case would obtained absence additive disturbances.property applicable centralized systems linear equations evolution quadratic cost function noise entering model additively quadratic assumption all... |
Stochastic control | time period new observations made control variables adjusted optimally.finding optimal solution present time may involve iterating matrix riccati equation backwards time last period present period.in discretetime case uncertainty parameter values transition matrix giving effect current values state variables evolution ... |
Stochastic control | assume element b jointly independently identically distributed time expected value operations need timeconditional.induction backwards time used obtain optimal control solution time ch.u ∗ − e b x b r − e b x − displaystyle utleftmathrm e leftbmathsf txtbrrightrightmathrm e leftbmathsf txtarightyt symmetric positive de... |
Stochastic control | additive constant vector appears state equation optimal control solution period contains additional additive constant vector.the steadystate characterization x exists relevant infinitehorizon problem goes infinity found iterating dynamic equation x repeatedly converges x characterized removing time subscripts dynamic e... |
Stochastic control | however method similar robust controls deteriorates overall controllers performance also applicable systems bounded uncertainties.alternative method smpc considers soft constraints limit risk violation probabilistic inequality.finance continuous time approach finance context state variable stochastic differential equat... |
Stochastic control | robert merton used stochastic control study optimal portfolios safe risky assets.work black–scholes changed nature finance literature.influential mathematical textbook treatments fleming rishel fleming soner.techniques applied stein financial crisis –.the maximization say expected logarithm net worth terminal date subj... |
Stochastic control | case maximization integral concave function utility horizon dynamic programming used.certainty equivalence older literature coefficients control variables—that returns received chosen shares assets—are stochastic.see also stochastic processcontrol theorymultiplier uncertaintystochastic scheduling references reading dix... |
Stochastic control | –.doi..yong jiongmin zhou xun yu .stochastic controls hamiltonian systems hjb equations.new york springer.isbn . |
Control Yuan | prior constitutional reforms control yuan along national assembly electoral college legislative yuan lower house formed national tricameral parliament.functioned similarly upper house bicameral legislature though formed separate branch indirectly elected provincial municipal legislatures seats.designed hybrid auditor o... |
Control Yuan | one member shall president control yuan another shall vice president.members including president vice president control yuan shall nominated president republic approved legislative yuan parliament taiwan.members serve term limit six years.structure members composition control yuan consists council members including pre... |
Control Yuan | incumbent th control yuan nominated president tsai ingwen june later confirmed legislative yuan july .members inaugurated august terms expire july .council committees council yuan chaired yuan president divided number committees exercise yuans supervision power.member control yuan hold another public office profession ... |
Control Yuan | committee members usually elects convenor amongst chair committee meetings.the following responsibilities also assigned various acts.anticorruption anticorruption committee sevenmember committee cannot include president vice president control yuan deals asset declarations government officials recusals due conflict inte... |
Control Yuan | national audit office national audit office headed auditorgeneral nominated president republic appointed consent legislative yuan parliament exercises control yuans power audit.consists five departmentsgeneral public affairs audit departmentnational defense expenditures audit departmentspecial public affairs audit depa... |
Control Yuan | impeachment cases would determined majority vote members investigation committee.successful impeachment cases forwarded disciplinary court 懲戒法院 judicial yuan adjudication.however impeachment president vice president shall initiated legislative yuan parliament adjudicate constitutional court judicial yuan.details regard... |
Control Yuan | million public funds.found guilty february hsieh given two demerits fined ntd lin handed pay reduction year huang given one demerit fined ntd.on january kuan chungming president national taiwan university impeached violating law prohibiting public servants working jobs.case forwarded public functionary disciplinary san... |
Control Yuan | theory proposed separation powers five branches 五院 wǔyuàn gō͘īⁿ.sun yatsen demonstrated benefit separate supervision auditing power legislature designation state organs imperial china.quotes long tradition supervision used past dynasties ranging censor 御史 established qin 秦 han 漢 dynasties tái 臺 jiàn 諫 offices establish... |
Control Yuan | theory allowed send one censor participate meetings government boards.boards powers minimized time political flux preceded end empire.however constitution republic china many influence resolutions political consultative assembly held chinese nationalist party kuomintang chinese communist party.carsun chang major author... |
Control Yuan | control yuan given power request documents government agencies investigate violations law neglect sun yatsens ideology.auditorgeneral place control yuan shall nominated president republic consent legislative yuan responsible submitting reports government budgets.finally control yuan confirmation power president vice pr... |
Control Yuan | five branches yuans created kuomintangs partystate administration.time auditing yuan chinese 審計院 pinyin shěnjì yuàn established february february control yuan established auditing yuan downgraded current ministrylevel national audit office within control yuan.creation control yuan february last establishment fiveyuans.... |
Control Yuan | follow promulgation constitution first control yuan members elected regional legislatures convened nanking june .first control yuan confirmed leaders members first judicial yuan examination yuan.transition oneparty state nationalist government constitutional government hence completed.however year later kuomintangled g... |
Control Yuan | government established taiwan province mark annexation taiwan.members retreated taiwan government including deputies taiwan.control yuan occupied former governmental building taihoku prefecture japanese era.term retreated members extended indefinitely reelection possible original electoral district.era first control yu... |
Control Yuan | reduction members due age elections held elect new members yuan taiwan.until control yuans legislative work limited helping audit national budget would presented legislative yuan.actions taken chamber impeachment confirmation censure powers applied whenever necessary.democratization democratization took place taiwan st... |
Control Yuan | officials nominated president republic confirmation national assembly.national assembly another parliament chamber hold confirmation process maintain separation powers.on july th constitutional amendment procedure impeach president vice president republic transferred control yuan.amendment presidential impeachment shal... |
Control Yuan | since april confirmation leaders members control yuan transferred legislative yuan together confirmation similar officials judicial yuan examination yuan.at end president chen shuibian sent list nominees positions control yuan legislative yuan approval.coalition kuomintang people first party held majority legislative y... |
Control Yuan | december legislative yuan passed national human rights committee organic law 國家人權委員會組織法 established national human rights committee control yuan.duties include investigating human rights abuses proposing human rights laws compiling annual report educational promotion human rights accordance paris principles.committee c... |
Control Yuan | elections terms kuomintangled government republic china retreated taiwan year following elections enactment constitution.kuomintang government continues claim sovereignty mainland china term limit original members control yuan extended reelection possible original electoral districts.response increasing democracy movem... |
Control Yuan | constitution control yuan chamber parliament constitution republic china.president vice president control yuan elected members like speaker many parliamentary bodies.constitution amendment since ratification constitutional amendment control yuan reorganized chamber parliament independent agency still performs designate... |
Drought | drought last months years may declared days.substantial impact ecosystem agriculture affected region harm local economy.annual dry seasons tropics significantly increase chances drought developing subsequent bush fires.periods heat significantly worsen drought conditions hastening evaporation water vapour.drought recur... |
Drought | fact studies based dendrochronology tree rings dating confirm drought affected global warming goes back .many plant species family cactaceae cacti drought tolerance adaptations like reduced leaf area waxy cuticles enhance ability tolerate drought.others survive dry periods buried seeds.semipermanent drought produces ar... |
Drought | prolonged drought ever world recorded history occurred atacama desert chile years.throughout history humans usually viewed droughts disasters due impact food availability rest society.humans often tried explain droughts either natural disaster caused humans result supernatural forces.among earliest documented climatic ... |
Drought | nowadays ancient practices part relegated folklore replaced rational water management.types people tend define droughts three main waysmeteorological drought occurs prolonged time less average precipitation.meteorological drought usually precedes kinds drought.agricultural droughts affect crop production ecology range.... |
Drought | hydrological drought tends show slowly involves stored water used replenished.like agricultural drought triggered loss rainfall.instance around kazakhstan awarded large amount money world bank restore water diverted nations aral sea soviet rule.similar circumstances also place largest lake balkhash risk completely dryi... |
Drought | convective processes involve strong vertical motions cause overturning atmosphere location within hour cause heavy precipitation stratiform processes involve weaker upward motions less intense precipitation longer duration.precipitation divided three categories based whether falls liquid water liquid water freezes cont... |
Drought | region within drought feedback mechanisms local arid air hot conditions promote warm core ridging minimal evapotranspiration worsen drought conditions.dry season within tropics distinct wet dry seasons emerge due movement intertropical convergence zone monsoon trough.dry season greatly increases drought occurrence char... |
Drought | lack water plants bushfires common.since water vapor becomes energetic increasing temperature water vapor required increase relative humidity values higher temperatures get temperature fall dew point.periods warmth quicken pace fruit vegetable production increase evaporation transpiration plants worsen drought conditio... |
Drought | conditions also drier normal december february southcentral africa mainly zambia zimbabwe mozambique botswana.direct effects el niño resulting drier conditions occur parts southeast asia northern australia increasing bush fires worsening haze decreasing air quality dramatically.drierthannormal conditions also general o... |
Drought | mm rain falling month temperatures hitting high °c february.years next driest februaries .mm rain fell.erosion human activities human activity directly trigger exacerbating factors farming excessive irrigation deforestation erosion adversely impact ability land capture hold water.arid climates main source erosion wind. |
Drought | erosion result material movement wind.wind cause small particles lifted therefore moved another region deflation.suspended particles within wind may impact solid objects causing erosion abrasion ecological succession.wind erosion generally occurs areas little vegetation often areas insufficient rainfall support vegetat... |
Drought | loess often stands either steep vertical faces.loess tends develop highly rich soils.appropriate climatic conditions areas loess among agriculturally productive world.loess deposits geologically unstable nature erode readily.therefore windbreaks big trees bushes often planted farmers reduce wind erosion loess. |
Drought | wind erosion much severe arid areas times drought.example great plains estimated soil loss due wind erosion much times greater drought years wet years.climate change global climate change expected trigger droughts substantial impact agriculture throughout world especially developing nations.along drought areas flooding... |
Drought | consequences one divide effects droughts water shortages three groups environmental economic social.in case environmental effects lower surface subterranean waterlevels lower flowlevels decrease minimum leading direct danger amphibian life increased pollution surface water drying wetlands larger fires higher deflation ... |
Drought | common consequences drought includediminished crop growth yield productions carrying capacity livestockdust bowls sign erosion erode landscapedust storms drought hits area suffering desertification erosionfaminehabitat damage affecting terrestrial aquatic wildlifehunger – drought provides little water support food crop... |
Drought | models law sent state enacted.first enduring practical programs curtail future susceptibility drought creating agencies first began stress soil conservation measures protect farm lands today.importance placed water conservation put existing laws nrcs .strategies drought protection mitigation relief includedams – many d... |
Drought | careful monitoring moisture levels also help predict increased risk wildfires using metrics keetchbyram drought index palmer drought index.land use – carefully planned crop rotation help minimize erosion allow farmers plant less waterdependent crops drier years.outdoor wateruse restriction – regulating use sprinklers h... |
Drought | million deaths respectively.the – millennium drought australia led water supply crisis across much country.result many desalination plants built first time see list.in sichuan province china experienced worst drought modern times nearly million people million cattle facing water shortages.year drought devastating south... |
Drought | drought india affecting ganges particular concern provides drinking water agricultural irrigation million people.west coast north america gets much water glaciers mountain ranges rocky mountains sierra nevada also would affected.in parts amazon basin experienced worst drought years.july article reported woods hole rese... |
Drought | according wwf combination climate change deforestation increases drying effect dead trees fuels forest fires.by far largest part australia desert semiarid lands commonly known outback.study australian american researchers investigated desertification interior suggested one explanation related human settlers arrived yea... |
Drought | australian environmentalist tim flannery predicted unless made drastic changes perth western australia could become worlds first ghost metropolis abandoned city water sustain population.long australian millennial drought broke .recurring droughts leading desertification east africa created grave ecological catastrophes... |
Authority control | methodist relief development fund mrdf reported million people region risk famine due monthlong heat wave hovering niger mali mauritania burkina faso.fund £ distributed droughthit countries.a study found rise compound warmseason droughts europe dynamic developing phenomenon.see also references external links media rela... |
Authority control | authority records combined database called authority file maintaining updating files well logical linkages files within work librarians information catalogers.accordingly authority control example controlled vocabulary bibliographic control.while theory piece information amenable authority control personal corporate na... |
Authority control | benefits authority control better researching.authority control helps researchers understand specific subject less wasted effort.welldesigned digital catalogdatabase enables researcher query words entry bring already established term phrase thus improving accuracy saving time.makes searching predictable.used conjunctio... |
Authority control | process authority control great help researchers searching particular subject study help catalogers organize information well.catalogers use authority records trying categorize new items since see records already cataloged therefore avoid unnecessary work.maximizes library resources.easier maintain catalog.enables cata... |
Authority control | help catch errors caused typos misspellings sometimes accumulate time sometimes known quality drift.example machines catch misspellings elementary school techers pumpkilns corrected library staff.examples diverse names describe subject sometimes within catalog diverse names spellings one person subject.variation may ca... |
Authority control | records used establish uniform titles collocate versions given work one unique heading even versions issued different titles.authority control one unique preferred name represents variations include different variations spellings misspellings uppercase versus lowercase variants differing dates forth.example wikipedia f... |
Authority control | diana princess wales.diana princess wales – diana princess wales – diana princess wales – diana princess wales –.terms describe person.accordingly authority control reduces entries one unique entry officially authorized heading sometimes termed access point diana princess wales –.generally different authority file head... |
Authority control | way standardize information different authority files around world integrated authority file gnd maintained used cooperatively many libraries germanspeaking countries united states library congress.idea create single worldwide virtual authority file.example id princess diana gnd preferred name diana wales prinzessin un... |
Authority control | happen title identical another title collective uniform title.cause confusion.different authors distinguished correctly example adding middle initial one names addition information added one entry clarify subject birth year death year range active years – person flourished brief descriptive epithet.catalogers come acro... |
Authority control | separate index often referred authority file.contains indexable record decisions made catalogers given library or—as increasingly case—cataloging consortium catalogers consult making revising decisions headings.result records contain documentation sources used establish particular preferred heading may contain informat... |
Authority control | important heading unique conflict identical heading one two chosensince headings function access points making sure distinct conflict existing entries important.example english novelist william collins – whose works include moonstone woman white better known wilkie collins.cataloguers decide name public would likely lo... |
Authority control | catalogers united states library congress chose one form—obrien flann –—as official heading.example contains three elements valid authority record first heading obrien flann – form name library congress chose authoritative.theory every record catalog represents work author form name author heading.follows immediately h... |
Authority control | user queries catalog one variant forms authors name would receive response see obrien flann –.additional spelling variant gopaleen name na gcopaleen myles – extra c inserted author also employed nonanglicized irish spelling penname capitalized c shows correct root word preceding g indicates pronunciation context.librar... |
Authority control | constitute justification particular form name appeared form edition authors novel swimtwobirds whereas authors noms de plume appeared later publications.access control act choosing single authorized heading represent forms name quite often difficult complex task considering given individual may legally changed name use... |
Authority control | early part library history generally accepted long librarys catalog internally consistent differences catalogs different libraries matter greatly.as libraries became attuned needs researchers began interacting libraries value standard cataloging practices came recognized.advent automated database technologies cataloger... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | see also knowledge organization systemslibrary classification systemsdewey decimal classificationlibrary congress classificationontology information scienceproprietary servicesresearcheridregistration authoritysimple knowledge organization system skos referencesmanner haccp attempts avoid hazards rather attempting insp... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | haccp conceived us national aeronautics space administration nasa asked pillsbury design manufacture first foods space flights.since haccp recognized internationally logical tool adapting traditional inspection methods modern sciencebased food safety system.based riskassessment haccp plans allow industry government all... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | method effect seeks plan unsafe practices based science differs traditional produce sort quality control methods nothing prevent hazards occurring must identify end process.haccp focused health safety issues product quality product yet haccp principles basis food quality safety assurance systems.united states haccp com... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | people involved collaboration included herbert hollander mary klicka hamed elbisi united states army laboratories natick massachusetts paul a. lachance manned spacecraft center houston texas howard e. baumann representing pillsbury lead scientist.to ensure food sent space safe lachance imposed strict microbial requirem... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | baumann microbiologist training pleased pillsburys experience space program advocated company adopt would become haccp pillsbury.soon pillsbury confronted food safety issue glass contamination found farina cereal commonly used infant food.baumanns leadership promoted haccp pillsbury producing commercial foods applied f... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | day program first held september days classroom lecture days canning plant evaluations.canned food regulations cfr cfr cfr cfr first published .pillsburys training program submitted fda review entitled food safety hazard analysis critical control point system first use acronym haccp.haccp initially set three principles... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | together canadian innovators developed implemented total quality management program haccp plans groundfish trawlers production facilities.a second proposal nas led development national advisory committee microbiological criteria foods nacmcf .nacmcf initially responsible defining haccps systems guidelines application c... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | food safety hazard biological chemical physical property may cause food unsafe human consumption.identify critical control pointsa critical control point ccp point step procedure food manufacturing process control applied result food safety hazard prevented eliminated reduced acceptable level.establish critical limits ... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | fsis approve haccp plans advance review conformance final rule.verification ensures haccp plan adequate working intended.verification procedures may include activities review haccp plans ccp records critical limits microbial sampling analysis.fsis requiring haccp plan include verification tasks performed plant personne... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | scientific evidence critical limitations.establish record keeping proceduresthe haccp regulation requires plants maintain certain documents including hazard analysis written haccp plan records documenting monitoring critical control points critical limits verification activities handling processing deviations.implement... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | training training developing implementing haccp food safety management system offered several quality assurance companies.however asqdoes provide trained haccp auditor cha exam toindividuals seeking professional training.in uk chartered institute environmental health cieh royal society public health offer haccp food ma... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | farmtofork traceability commitment environmental social responsibility meticulous standard food safety quality made great partner sysco years.“we integrated seafood company farms processing plants” says sree atluri director operations.“we work closely sysco adding new items supporting sustainability.” freshcut producej... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | water quality management programme guidelines program modernization according ongley series steps could taken execute useful transition – technical programmes policy management decisions.various aspects modernization process discussed ongley escap policy reform – consultative process must define policy tenets review ex... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | apart technical efficiency capacity issues emerge major factors reformed water quality programs.technical reform – area garners attention well investment.reform targets facility modernization including cofactors like data programmesnetworks technical innovation data managementdata products remediation.haccp building wa... |
Hazard analysis and critical control points | water systems buildings prevent plumbingassociated hazards harming people.hazards addressed include scalding lead disinfection byproducts well range clinically important pathogens legionella pseudomonas nontuberculous mycobacteria ntm acinetobacter elizabethkingia naegleria.early adopters haccp building water systems i... |
Control of fire by early humans | main reason behind lack information fear new standard demanding terms bureaucratic work.iso references codex alimentarius general principles food hygiene cxc includes haccp principles haccp application steps.explained joint publication iso united nations industrial development organization unido provides guidance assis... |
Control of fire by early humans | evidence microscopic traces wood ash controlled use fire homo erectus beginning roughly million years ago wide scholarly support.flint blades burned fires roughly years ago found near fossils early entirely modern homo sapiens morocco.fire used regularly systematically early modern humans heat treat silcrete stone incr... |
Control of fire by early humans | one change habitat dense forest wildfires common savanna mixed grasswoodland wildfires higher intensity.change may occurred mya savanna expanded east africa due cooler drier climate.the next stage involved interaction burned landscapes foraging wake wildfires observed various wild animals.african savanna animals prefer... |
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