title
stringlengths
1
105
content
stringlengths
5
58.1k
Ship gun fire-control system
combines mark caliber gun mount mark optical sight system mark electro–optical sight system mark mod – gunfire control system gun computer system.versions mark gws used foreign navies well us coast guard configuration unique camera gun system.used surface ship close hostile aircraft naval gunfire support ngfs shore tar...
Ship gun fire-control system
mod system used phms retired us coast guards wmec whec ships track one air surface target using monopulse tracker two surface shore targets.oliver hazard perryclass frigates mod system track additional air surface target using separate track illuminating radar stir.mark gun computing system used mark gun weapon system ...
Ship gun fire-control system
naval institute press.isbn .fairfield a.p..naval ordnance.lord baltimore press.fischer brad d. jurens w. j. .
Ship gun fire-control system
fast battleship gunnery world war ii gunnery revolution part ii.warship international.xliii –.issn .frieden david r. .principles naval weapons systems.
Ship gun fire-control system
naval institute press.isbn x.friedman norman .naval firepower battleship guns gunnery dreadnought era.seaforth.isbn .jurens w. j. .
Ship gun fire-control system
evolution battleship gunnery u. s. navy –.warship international.xxviii –.issn .pollen antony .great gunnery scandal – mystery jutland.
Ship gun fire-control system
collins.isbn .schleihauf william .dumaresq dreyer.warship international.international naval research organization.
Ship gun fire-control system
xxxviii –.issn .schleihauf william .dumaresq dreyer part ii.warship international.international naval research organization.
Ship gun fire-control system
xxxviii –.issn .schleihauf william .dumaresq dreyer part iii.warship international.international naval research organization.
Ship gun fire-control system
xxxviii –.issn .friedman norman .us destroyers illustrated design history revised edition.annapolis naval institute press.isbn .friedman norman .
Ship gun fire-control system
u.s. battleships illustrated design history.annapolis maryland naval institute press.isbn .oclc .friedman norman .u.s. cruisers illustrated design history.
Ship gun fire-control system
annapolis maryland u.s. naval institute press.isbn .article incorporates public domain material websites documents united states navy.external links british high angle control system hacsbest battleship fire control – comparison world war ii battleship systemsappendix one classification director instrumentshacs iii ope...
Phase transition
commonly term used refer changes among basic states matter solid liquid gas well plasma rare cases.example phase thermodynamic system states matter uniform physical properties.phase transition given medium certain properties medium change often discontinuously result change external conditions temperature pressure othe...
Phase transition
phase transitions commonly occur nature used today many technologies.types phase transition examples phase transitions includethe transitions solid liquid gaseous phases single component due effects temperature andor pressuresee also vapor pressure phase diagrama eutectic transformation twocomponent singlephase liquid ...
Phase transition
water vapor condenses equilibrium fractionation heavier water isotopes h become enriched liquid phase lighter isotopes h tend toward vapor phase.phase transitions occur thermodynamic free energy system nonanalytic choice thermodynamic variables cf.phases.condition generally stems interactions large number particles sys...
Phase transition
types systems parameters take place temperature.instance connection probability replaces temperature percolating networks.at phase transition point instance boiling point two phases substance liquid vapor identical free energies therefore equally likely exist.boiling point liquid stable state two whereas gaseous form p...
Phase transition
occurs superheating supercooling supersaturation example.classifications ehrenfest classification paul ehrenfest classified phase transitions based behavior thermodynamic free energy function thermodynamic variables.scheme phase transitions labeled lowest derivative free energy discontinuous transition.firstorder phase...
Phase transition
secondorder phase transitions continuous first derivative order parameter first derivative free energy respect external field continuous across transition exhibit discontinuity second derivative free energy.include ferromagnetic phase transition materials iron magnetization first derivative free energy respect applied ...
Phase transition
exact specific heat differed earlier meanfield approximations predicted simple discontinuity critical temperature.instead exact specific heat logarithmic divergence critical temperature.following decades ehrenfest classification replaced simplified classification scheme able incorporate transitions.modern classificatio...
Phase transition
process temperature system stay constant heat added system mixedphase regime parts system completed transition others not.familiar examples melting ice boiling water water instantly turn vapor forms turbulent mixture liquid water vapor bubbles.yoseph imry michael wortis showed quenched disorder broaden firstorder trans...
Phase transition
examples secondorder phase transitions ferromagnetic transition superconducting transition typei superconductor phase transition secondorder zero external field typeii superconductor phase transition secondorder normalstate–mixedstate mixedstate–superconductingstate transitions superfluid transition.contrast viscosity ...
Phase transition
twodimensional electron gases belong class.the liquid–glass transition observed many polymers liquids supercooled far melting point crystalline phase.atypical several respects.transition thermodynamic ground states widely believed true ground state always crystalline.glass quenched disorder state entropy density depend...
Phase transition
theoretical methods predict underlying phase transition hypothetical limit infinitely long relaxation times.direct experimental evidence supports existence transitions.the gelation transition colloidal particles shown secondorder phase transition nonequilibrium conditions.characteristic properties phase coexistence dis...
Phase transition
happens cooling rate faster critical cooling rate attributed molecular motions becoming slow molecules cannot rearrange crystal positions.slowing happens glassformation temperature tg may depend applied pressure.firstorder freezing transition occurs range temperatures tg falls within range interesting possibility trans...
Phase transition
include colossalmagnetoresistance manganite materials magnetocaloric materials magnetic shape memory materials materials.the interesting feature observations tg falling within temperature range transition occurs firstorder magnetic transition influenced magnetic field like structural transition influenced pressure.rela...
Phase transition
associated phenomenon critical opalescence milky appearance liquid due density fluctuations possible wavelengths including visible light.symmetry phase transitions often involve symmetry breaking process.instance cooling fluid crystalline solid breaks continuous translation symmetry point fluid properties point crystal...
Phase transition
order parameters order parameter measure degree order across boundaries phase transition system normally ranges zero one phase usually critical point nonzero other.critical point order parameter susceptibility usually diverge.an example order parameter net magnetization ferromagnetic system undergoing phase transition....
Phase transition
however note order parameters also defined nonsymmetrybreaking transitions.some phase transitions superconducting ferromagnetic order parameters one degree freedom.phases order parameter may take form complex number vector even tensor magnitude goes zero phase transition.there also exist dual descriptions phase transit...
Phase transition
example electroweak transition broke su×u symmetry electroweak field u symmetry presentday electromagnetic field.transition important explain asymmetry amount matter antimatter presentday universe according electroweak baryogenesis theory.progressive phase transitions expanding universe implicated development order uni...
Phase transition
instance let us examine behavior heat capacity near transition.vary temperature system keeping thermodynamic variables fixed find transition occurs critical temperature tc.near tc heat capacity c typically power law behavior c ∝ c − − α .displaystyle cpropto ttextctalpha .heat capacity amorphous materials behaviour nea...
Phase transition
similar behavior exponent ν instead α applies correlation length.the exponent ν positive.different α. actual value depends type phase transition considering.it widely believed critical exponents critical temperature.shown necessarily true continuous symmetry explicitly broken discrete symmetry irrelevant renormalizatio...
Phase transition
experimental value α agrees theoretical predictions based variational perturbation theory.for α heat capacity diverges transition temperature though since α enthalpy stays finite.example behavior ferromagnetic phase transition.threedimensional ising model uniaxial magnets detailed theoretical studies yielded exponent α...
Phase transition
real phase transitions exhibit powerlaw behavior.several critical exponents β γ δ ν η defined examining power law behavior measurable physical quantity near phase transition.exponents related scaling relations β γ δ − ν γ − η .displaystyle beta gamma delta quad nu gamma eta .shown two independent exponents e.g.ν η.it r...
Phase transition
phenomenon known universality.example critical exponents liquid–gas critical point found independent chemical composition fluid.more impressively understandably exact match critical exponents ferromagnetic phase transition uniaxial magnets.systems said universality class.universality prediction renormalization group th...
Phase transition
critical slowing phenomena also critical phenomena e.g.besides static functions also critical dynamics.consequence phase transition one may observe critical slowing speeding up.large static universality classes continuous phase transition split smaller dynamic universality classes.addition critical exponents also unive...
Phase transition
percolation theory another phenomenon shows phase transitions critical exponents percolation.simplest example perhaps percolation two dimensional square lattice.sites randomly occupied probability p. small values p occupied sites form small clusters.certain threshold pc giant cluster formed secondorder phase transition...
Phase transition
using percolation theory one define critical exponents appear phase transitions.external fields also defined second order percolation systems well first order percolation systems.percolation found geospacial applications ranging study urban traffic identifying repetitive bottlenecks behaviors wildfires pandemics.phase ...
Phase transition
gel phase due low fluidity membrane lipid fattyacyl chains membrane proteins restricted movement thus restrained exercise physiological role.plants depend critically photosynthesis chloroplast thylakoid membranes exposed cold environmental temperatures.thylakoid membranes retain innate fluidity even relatively low temp...
Phase transition
examples include neural networks salamander retina bird flocksgene expression networks drosophila protein folding.however clear whether alternative reasons could explain phenomena supporting arguments criticality.also suggested biological organisms share two key properties phase transitions change macroscopic behavior ...
Phase transition
twenty fractals discovered solvent associated surface areas protein segments.existence fractals proves proteins function near critical points secondorder phase transitions.in groups organisms stress approaching critical transitions correlations tend increase time fluctuations also increase.effect supported many experim...
Phase transition
limited – °cperturbed angular correlation simultaneous measurement magnetic nonmagnetic transitions.temperature limits.°c already performed theoretical possible highest crystal material tantalum hafnium carbide °c.see also references reading anderson p.w.basic notions condensed matter physics perseus publishing .faghri...
Phase transition
.renormalization group theory critical behavior.rev.mod.phys.
Phase transition
–.bibcodervmp.....f. doi.revmodphys...goldenfeld n. lectures phase transitions renormalization group perseus publishing .ivancevic vladimir g ivancevic tijana chaos phase transitions topology change path integrals berlin springer isbn retrieved march m.r.khoshbinekhoshnazar ice phase transition sample finite system pha...
Phase transition
– world scientific singapore paperback isbn readable online physik.fuberlin.dekleinert h. verena schultefrohlinde critical properties φtheories world scientific singapore paperback isbn readable online here.kogut j. wilson k .renormalization group epsilonexpansion.phys.rep. –.bibcodephr.......w. doi..krieger martin h. ...
Phase transition
contains detailed pedagogical discussion onsagers solution ising model.landau l.d.lifshitz e.m. statistical physics part vol.course theoretical physics pergamon press rd ed..mussardo g. statistical field theory.introduction exactly solved models statistical physics oxford university press .schroeder manfred r. fractals...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
wellwritten book semipopular style—not textbook—aimed audience training mathematics physical sciences.explains scaling phase transitions among things.h.e. stanley introduction phase transitions critical phenomena oxford university press oxford new york .yeomans j. m. statistical mechanics phase transitions oxford unive...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
trained special operations forces certified federal aviation administration air traffic controllers.the mission combat controller deploy undetected combat hostile environments conduct special reconnaissance establish assault zones airfields simultaneously conducting air traffic control fire support command control comm...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
air force working lower washout rate proper education testing rigorous prepipeline training.combat controllers maintain air traffic controller qualification skills throughout career addition special operations skills.many qualify maintain proficiency joint terminal attack controllers jtacs.week initial training unique ...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
initial training first course combat controller trainees attend .week basic military training lackland air force base texas.special warfare assessment selection sw lackland air force base texas weeks.– entire length candidates thoroughly evaluated psychologists cadre extremely demanding scenarios.divided segments field...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
training continuous zero days often experiencing continuous sleep deprivation.training consists surface swimming water confidence grass gorilla drills running rucking calisthenics team events extended training days etd.selection phase .weeks following field phase candidates begin clean facilities administered academic ...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
course designed prepare candidates special warfare combat dive school.candidates subjected technical difficult water confidence training.mid course eliminated graduates.after usaf combat diver course trainee attends army airborne school fort benning georgia.threeweek course trainees learn basic parachuting skills requi...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
course teaches techniques survival remote areas.instruction includes principles procedures equipment techniques enable individuals survive regardless climatic conditions unfriendly environments return alive.the next course cct pipeline combat control operator course located keesler air force base mississippi.operator c...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
cct school thirteen weeks long provides final combat controller qualifications.training includes physical training small unit tactics land navigation communications assault zones demolitions fire support field operations including parachuting.graduates combat control school awarded skill level apprentice air force spec...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
advanced skills training program newly assigned combat controllers pararescuemen special reconnaissance.ast produces missionready operators air force special operations command united states special operations command.ast schedule broken four phases water ground employment full mission profile.course tests trainees per...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
course instructs free fall parachuting procedures.also provides wind tunnel training inair instruction focusing student stability aerial maneuvers air sense parachute opening procedures parachute canopy control.also attend air force combat diver school hosted navy diving salvage training center naval support activity p...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
course provides training depths feet stressing development maximum underwater mobility various operating conditions.class ccts pjs air force combat diver school covered discovery channels program surviving cut season two originally aired july .assigned units combat controllers complete advanced training assigned specia...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
undeterred flawed airdrop paratroopers still able hinder german counterattack allow allies amphibious assault gain foothold beach.general james m. gavin deputy commander nd airborne division created army pathfinders ensure airborne operations successful getting paratroopers designated drop zone.pathfinders preceded mai...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
pathfinders used operation market garden secure several key bridges required advancing allied ground units.battle bulge pathfinders enabled aerial resupply st airborne division.in history th parachute infantry battalions wartime actions titled stand door wartime history th parachute infantry authors th veterans charles...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
u.s. army started training experimentation necessary develop concept oujda.fragments practical knowledge british airborne company commander captain howland xo st lt. fred e. perry worked hard develop usable techniques.perry recalls everyone knew hard experience air corps needed help drop us correct drop zone.organized ...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
equipped british homing radio u.s. navy aldis lamps radiated beam guide planes.trained procedure invasion salerno.in meantime airborne division arrived states may camped near th oujda.attached them.would buy scout platoon idea sure found hurry sicily really something needed.at time major general matthew ridgway allamer...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
would learn hard way.the pathfinders pacific campaign operated slightly differently european pathfinder counterparts pioneered number military firsts.president franklin d. roosevelt amidst quebec conference august impressed british general orde wingates account could accomplished burma proper air support.comply rooseve...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
change part forced upon strengthened japanese patrols along burmese frontier making repeat successful infiltration unlikely.imaginative move prompted colonel philip cochrans assurance could transport troops supplies glider wingate arranged bulk force enter burma air greatly accelerating forces ability reach target obje...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
many soldiers would later fight operation thursday.air commandos burma would achieve numerous military firsts ground forces coordinating air strikes via radio medevacing wounded air.burma road reopened january air commandos inactivated preparation invasion mainland japan.the term combat control team comes world war ii ...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
first time used operation varsity two teams th airborne corps infiltrated german lines.established forward airfields supported resupply operations provided airfield control.korean war birth usaf ccts u.s. air force became separate service air force pathfinders assigned provisional pathfinder squadron.air force looked w...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
meanwhile washington d.c. air force army leadership odds service would ownership pathfinder mission.department defense eventually sided air force full control air traffic control duties.despite resolution army never inactivated pathfinder units subsequently become specialized towards helicopters.dod sided air force cho...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
senior noncommissioned officer founding cadre msgt bull benini took lead establishing teams new tactics procedures organization logistics requirements.the army air force remained odds regarding pathfinder cct roles.august th special forces group refused allow ccts join joint tactical missions held dobbins afb georgia.r...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
gave rise blousing trousers wearing paratrooper boots tradition still exists present.the first time combat control team utilized lebanon crisis combat communist expansion bolster prowestern lebanese government.vietnam war vietnam war combat controllers helped assure mission safety expedited air traffic flow countless a...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
beginning least early july absence close air support control system caused variety enterprising individuals improvise procedures marking bombing targets.various times ground markers including bamboo arrows dropped smoke grenades used.individuals military training american army attaché others little specialized training...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
butterflies begin operation great secrecy u. s. air force originally forwarded four sergeants combat control teams .sergeants turned uniforms military identification supplied false identification could work civilian clothing.process designed preserve fiction american noninvolvement dubbed plausible deniability.civilian...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
air commando sergeants directed air strikes according u. s. air force doctrine using radio call sign butterfly.two butterfly air force combat controllers master sergeant charles larimore jones soon joined technical sergeant james j. stanford.another butterflies major john j. garrity jr. future would spend several years...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
introduction integrated close air support system southeast asia april .also beginning april part effort better direct air strikes u. s. air force installed four tactical air navigation systems laos guide u. s. air strikes.one emplaced mountain top lima site aimed across border hanoi.there four combat controllers killed...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
operation encountered many obstacles eventually aborted.on april three weeks operation eagle claw commenced u.s. air force combat controller major john t. carney jr. flown twin otter desert one staging area south khorasan province iran near tabas two cia officers clandestine survey airstrip.despite casual approach miss...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
also would set navigation beacons would guide transports target.event oct. nighttime parachute rendezvous seals four controllers waiting aboard uss clifton sprague grenada coast went awry bad weather.faulty planning inadequate equipment training bad luck also contributed drowning death four arriving seals.surviving mem...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
key opening airway st battalion nd battalion th rangers taking unfinished airport.modern era secretary defense donald rumsfeld stated percent air strikes operation enduring freedom called air force combat controllers.combat controllers received three five awarded air force crosses since global war terror started three ...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
airmen marched twoman teams hours carrying lb ruck sacks.march completed ten days later.within hours haiti earthquake team combat controllers rd special tactics squadron stationed hurlburt field florida arrived toussaint louverture international airport portauprince haiti.minutes arriving combat controllers assumed aut...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
team leader combat controllers chief master sergeant tony travis later recognized one time magazines influential people due efforts.again late ccts pjs made trek lackland afb hurlburt field losing three airman chinook shot .airmen walked hours time three person groups carrying lb ruck sacks end trip average airman marc...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
efforts critical early days oef still are.another force whose true impact battlefields around world never known appreciated.absolutely phenomenal.notable combat controllers cmsgt bull benini first combat controller developed organization standards tactics combat control team.warrant officer charles larimore jones may –...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
one operation jungle jim volunteers reestablished air commandos.first combat controller committed solely support u.s. army special forces.based experience assigned hurlburt field write field manual forward air control expanding combat controller curriculum.master sergeant john a. chapman posthumously received medal hon...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
awarded air force cross actions battle shok valley april nuristan province afghanistan.according citation battle directed close air support airstrikes totalling cannon rounds nine hellfire missiles rockets dozen pound bombs one pound bomb.result battle ten u.s. army soldiers nine special forces one combat cameraman rec...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
suffering sucking chest wound collapsed lung bullet wound special forces medic inserted seveninch needle lung allowing breathe continued directing close air support airstrikes.credited saving lives nearly american afghan forces.also present battle shok valley zachary rhyner albeit different special forces team said rep...
United States Air Force Combat Control Team
also took part first tim davisspecial tactics memorial march.staff sergeant scott sather member th special tactics squadron first enlisted airman killed action operation iraqi freedom.camp sather u.s. air force base west side baghdad international airport named him.cct popular culture transformers film franchise tyrese...
IBM Configuration Management Version Control (CMVC)
air force guysin author marko kloos frontlines series military science fiction books protagonist combat controller specializing providing ground troops spacebased air support.see also united states special operations forcesunited states air force tactical air control partyunited states air force special tactics officer...
IBM Configuration Management Version Control (CMVC)
releases could share files releases.sharing could defined follow latest version sometimes called tip specific version within release.called linking.a level snapshot files.similar tag source control systems twist.release binding mode commonly used levels contain files referenced levelmembers defects features.
IBM Configuration Management Version Control (CMVC)
result level contains changes file versions approved latest file versions repository.features defect tracking integrated source control system.ability configure repository require defects associated every file checkin.levels used manage sets defects allowing managers think terms sets changes rather sets files.distribut...
IBM Configuration Management Version Control (CMVC)
current implementation become robust allowing concurrent development conflict resolution merge.having centralized server limits ability work disconnected manner.although failing nearly remote source control systems unless local repository created giving illusion redundancy source control ultimately require sync remote ...
Internet Control Message Protocol
used network devices including routers send error messages operational information indicating success failure communicating another ip address example error indicated requested service available host router could reached.icmp differs transport protocols tcp udp typically used exchange data systems regularly employed en...
Internet Control Message Protocol
icmp errors directed source ip address originating packet.for example every device intermediate router forwarding ip datagram first decrements time live ttl field ip header one.resulting ttl packet discarded icmp time exceeded transit message sent datagrams source address.many commonly used network utilities based icmp...
Internet Control Message Protocol
many cases necessary inspect contents icmp message deliver appropriate error message application responsible transmitting ip packet prompted icmp message sent.icmp networklayer protocol.tcp udp port number associated icmp packets numbers associated transport layer above.datagram structure icmp packet encapsulated ipv p...
Internet Control Message Protocol
icmp packets byte header variablesized data section.first bytes header fixed format last bytes depend typecode icmp packet.type icmp type see § control messages.code icmp subtype see § control messages.checksum internet checksum rfc error checking calculated icmp header data value substituted field.rest header fourbyte...
Internet Control Message Protocol
higher level protocol uses port numbers assumed first eight bytes original datagrams data.the variable size icmp packet data section exploited.ping death large fragmented icmp packets used denialofservice attacks.icmp data also used create covert channels communication.channels known icmp tunnels.control messages contr...
Internet Control Message Protocol
code field gives additional context information message.control messages deprecated since protocol first introduced.source quench source quench requests sender decrease rate messages sent router host.message may generated router host sufficient buffer space process request may occur router host buffer approaching limit...
Internet Control Message Protocol
router cannot queue data capacity limited buffering space.thus queue gets filled incoming data discarded queue longer full.acknowledgement mechanism present network layer client know whether data reached destination successfully.hence remedial measures taken network layer avoid kind situations.measures referred source ...
Internet Control Message Protocol
source quench mechanism router sees incoming data rate much faster outgoing data rate sends icmp message clients informing slow data transfer speeds wait certain amount time attempting send data.client receives message automatically slow outgoing data rate wait sufficient amount time enables router empty queue.thus sou...
Internet Control Message Protocol
message informs host update routing information send packets alternative route.host tries send data router r r sends data another router r direct path host r available host r subnetwork r send redirect message inform host best route destination via r. host change route information send packets destination directly r. r...
Internet Control Message Protocol
time exceeded message may also sent host fails reassemble fragmented datagram within time limit.time exceeded messages used traceroute utility identify gateways path two hosts.wheretype must set code specifies reason time exceeded message include followingip header first bits original payload used source host match tim...
Internet Control Message Protocol
ut reference available mostsignificant bit set indicate nonstandard time value.timestamp reply timestamp reply replies timestamp message.consists originating timestamp sent sender timestamp well receive timestamp indicating timestamp received transmit timestamp indicating timestamp reply sent.wheretype must set code mu...
Internet Control Message Protocol
address mask reply address mask reply used reply address mask request message appropriate subnet mask.wheretype must set code must set address mask set subnet mask destination unreachable destination unreachable generated host inbound gateway inform client destination unreachable reason.reasons message may include phys...
Sea level
see also references rfcs rfc internet control message protocolrfc internet standard subnetting procedurerfc something host could source quench source quench introduced delay squidrfc requirements internet hosts – communication layersrfc towards requirements ip routersrfc requirements ip version routersrfc extended icmp...
Sea level
mi equator..km .mi poles .km .
Sea level
mi average.measurement precise determination mean sea level difficult many factors affect sea level.instantaneous sea level varies quite lot several scales time space.sea constant motion affected tides wind atmospheric pressure local gravitational differences temperature salinity forth.easiest way may calculated select...