Datasets:
File size: 2,775 Bytes
79c1f88 5cc15c7 79c1f88 a9ae332 79c1f88 c9930b1 79c1f88 5cc15c7 c9930b1 79c1f88 9e4bb37 79c1f88 5cc15c7 2748e60 5cc15c7 c05d6c8 2748e60 5cc15c7 |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 |
---
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- text-classification
language:
- pt
- en
- de
- es
- tr
- fr
pretty_name: MOL
---
# MOL - Context-Aware Multilingual Offensive Lexicon
The MOL is the first specialized lexicon for hate speech detection, annotated with contextual information.
<b>It consists of 1,000 explicit and implicit (clue-based) human-annotated rationales</b> used with pejorative connotations, manually identified by a linguist and annotated by three experts regarding their contextual dependency (context-dependent or context-independent).
For example, the term "stupid" is classified as a <b>context-independent offensive term</b>, as it is predominantly used in pejorative contexts.
In contrast, the terms "useless" and "worm" are considered <b>context-dependent offensive terms</b> because they can appear in both non-pejorative contexts—such as "this smartphone is useless" or "the fisherman uses worms for bait"—and pejorative contexts, such as "this last President was useless" or "this human being is such a worm."
Each term and expression in the MOL was annotated by three independent annotators, achieving a high inter-annotator agreement score (73% Kappa).
Originally developed in Portuguese, MOL was manually translated by native speakers into <b>English, Spanish, French, German, and Turkish</b>, ensuring cultural adaptations in each language. As a result, MOL is available in six different languages.
The table below describes the MOL statistics
<div align="center">
<table>
<tr><th>Contextual Information</th><th>Hate Targets </th></tr>
<tr><td>
|class|label|total|
|--|--|--|
|Context-independent offensive|1|612|
|Context-depedent offensive|0|387|
|Total||1,000|
</td><td>
|class|total|
|--|--|
|non-target |864|
|partyism|69|
|sexism|35|
|homophobia|16|
|fatphobia|9|
|religious intolerance|9|
|antisemitism|1|
|apology for the dictatorship|5|
|racism|4|
|antisemitistm|3|
|total|1,000|
</td></tr></table>
</div>
# Dataset Description
- **Created by:** Francielle Vargas (<https://franciellevargas.github.io/>)
- **Funded by:** FAPESP
- **Language(s) (NLP):** Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, Germany and Turkish
- **Repository:** https://github.com/franciellevargas/MOL
- **Paper:** <br>
<b>Context-Aware and Expert Data Resources for Brazilian Portuguese Hate Speech Detection</b> <br>
Francielle Vargas, Isabelle Carvalho, Thiago A.S. Pardo, Fabrício Benevenuto</i> <br>
<i>Natural Language Engineering Journal</i>. Cambridge University Press. 2024. <br>
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/natural-language-processing/article/contextaware-and-expert-data-resources-for-brazilian-portuguese-hate-speech-detection/7D9019ED5471CD16E320EBED06A6E923#
# Dataset Contact
francielealvargas@gmail.com |