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--- |
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license: other |
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task_categories: |
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- text-generation |
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language: |
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- en |
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tags: |
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- code |
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- kernel |
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- osdev |
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- linux |
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- freebsd |
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- low-level |
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pretty_name: KernelLLM-1 |
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size_categories: |
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- 100K<n<1M |
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--- |
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# KernelLLM-1 Dataset |
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A high-quality raw dataset for training and fine-tuning LLMs on Operating System Development. |
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## Overview |
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This dataset combines raw source code from a variety of mature and hobbyist operating system kernels with thousands of expert-level technical discussions and critiques from the Linux Kernel Mailing List. |
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> [!NOTE] |
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> The source code included in this dataset represents the latest stable versions of the respective repositories as of **February 2nd 2026**. |
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## Dataset Structure |
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The dataset is provided in **Parquet** format for optimal compression and integration with the `datasets` library. |
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### 1. `kernelllm_source.parquet` (~1 GB) |
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**Cleaned & Deduplicated Source Code (~970M Tokens).** |
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- **Files:** 180,129 |
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- **Size:** ~1 GB (Parquet), ~3.4 GB (Raw Text) |
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- **Sources:** Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Illumos, ReactOS, seL4, ToaruOS, Redox OS, SerenityOS and DragonFlyBSD. |
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- **Cleaning:** |
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- Removed common license headers (GPL, BSD, MIT, etc) to prioritize logic. |
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- Exact and "smart" deduplication (normalized whitespace) across repositories. |
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- Excluded files < 100 characters to remove boilerplate headers. |
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#### Repository Distribution: |
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| Repository | File Count | |
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|------------|------------| |
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| Linux | 62,969 | |
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| FreeBSD | 43,956 | |
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| Illumos | 23,411 | |
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| BSD-Mixed (Open/Net) | 22,949 | |
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| DragonFlyBSD | 17,662 | |
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| SerenityOS | 7,307 | |
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| Redox OS | 701 | |
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| ToaruOS | 609 | |
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| seL4 | 565 | |
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### 2. `kernelllm_critiques.parquet` (~3.6 MB) (Tiny bit of the LKML) |
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**LKML Critique Pairs (3,135 pairs).** |
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- **Sources:** `lore.kernel.org` archives. |
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- **Content:** Pairs code snippets (patches) with substantive replies, critiques and NACKs from senior maintainers. |
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- **Schema:** |
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```json |
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{ |
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"source": "lkml", |
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"subject": "[PATCH] ...", |
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"code": "(The patch content)", |
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"critique": "(The maintainer feedback)", |
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"metadata": { |
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"author": "...", |
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"date": "...", |
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"thread_id": "..." |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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## Dataset Release Strategy |
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This is the **Raw** version of the dataset. It is intended for: |
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1. **Intermediate Training:** Pre-training on high-quality systems code. |
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2. **Fine-Tuning:** Instruction-tuning models to act as "Kernel Maintainers". (Or just make them better at Kernel code.) |
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3. **Research:** Analyzing developer communication patterns in low-level systems. |
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## Licensing and Usage |
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This dataset is a collection of publicly available open-source code and mailing list archives. It contains content governed by multiple licenses. For full details, see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file. |
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* **GNU General Public License (GPL) v2/v3** (e.g., Linux, ReactOS) |
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* **BSD 2-Clause / 3-Clause** (e.g., FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD) |
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* **MIT License** (e.g. SerenityOS, ToaruOS) |
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* **Apache License 2.0** (e.g., seL4) |
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### Disclaimer |
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1. **Original Licenses Apply:** The individual source code files and mailing list archives contained in this dataset remain governed by their original respective licenses. |
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2. **Attribution:** The `metadata` field for each entry in the dataset includes repository and author information to facilitate attribution. |
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3. **Research & Ethics:** This dataset is provided primarily for research and educational purposes in the field of LLM training and systems programming analysis. |
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4. **License Compliance:** Users of this dataset are responsible for ensuring that their use of the data complies with all applicable licenses.w |
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### Opt-out |
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If you are a maintainer of one of the included repositories and would like your data removed from future versions of this dataset, please open an issue on the Hugging Face dataset page. |
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