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traders said the continued turbulence in other markets coupled with the drop in london following the lawson resignation were responsible
traders said that selling pressure was n't enormous and that the dax dropped friday more on a lack of any substantial buying interest
they said contributing to the downward <unk> was the fact that many professional traders had chosen to square positions ahead of the weekend
it 's the whole uncertainty about what 's happening around us said <unk> von <unk> a trader at credit suisse first boston in frankfurt
if you take away the outside influences the market itself looks very cheap
what 's happening here is n't justified by the fundamentals
traders said the market remains extremely nervous because of the wild swings seen on the new york stock exchange last week
that 's leaving small investors with cold feet they said and prompting institutions to take a reserved stance on the sidelines as well at least until the market in new york <unk> down somewhat
elsewhere share prices closed lower in paris zurich amsterdam brussels and stockholm and were mixed in milan
the british <unk> was widely cited for the declines
share prices also closed lower in sydney hong kong singapore taipei manila wellington and seoul
concern about declines in other markets especially new york caused selling pressure
here are price trends on the world 's major stock markets as calculated by morgan stanley capital international perspective geneva
to make them directly comparable each index is based on the close of N equaling N
the percentage change is since year-end
last week 's best and worst performing stocks among those issues that make up N N of the world 's stock market capitalization in local currency
source morgan stanley capital <unk>
apartheid foes staged a massive <unk> rally in south africa
more than N people filled a <unk> stadium on the <unk> of the black township of <unk> and welcomed freed leaders of the outlawed african national congress
it was considered south africa 's largest opposition rally
walter sisulu the anc 's former secretary general who served N years in prison before being released two weeks ago urged peace negotiation and discipline
president de <unk> 's government permitted the rally and security forces did n't interfere
pretoria 's approval of the demonstration and the anc 's <unk> tone appeared aimed at setting up negotiations to give blacks political rights
congressional leaders backed bush 's criticism of nicaragua 's ortega
while lawmakers have n't raised the possibility of renewing military aid to the contras following ortega 's weekend threat to end a truce senate majority leader mitchell said on <unk> that ortega had made a very <unk> move
minority leader dole plans to offer a resolution tomorrow <unk> the nicaraguan president whose remarks came during a celebration in costa rica marking regional moves to democracy
ortega cited renewed attacks by the <unk> rebels
lawmakers must decide next month whether the contras will get so-called humanitarian aid under a bipartisan agreement reached in march
spain 's socialist party claimed victory in nationwide elections saying it had retained its parliamentary majority by one seat
with all the votes counted a government spokesman said prime minister gonzalez 's party won N seats in the <unk> <unk> or lower house of parliament
the <unk> held N seats going into the balloting
thousands of east germans attended public rallies organized by the communist leadership and demanded free speech controls on the security forces and an end to official privileges
the <unk> in east berlin and elsewhere were viewed as part of a government effort to stop activists from staging protests to press their demands
<unk> in czechoslovakia said the nation 's pro-democracy movement was growing despite the government 's move to crush a protest saturday in <unk> 's <unk> square
more than N demonstrators had called for free elections and the resignation of communist party leader <unk> <unk>
police <unk> more than N people
federal investigators have determined a <unk> flaw that developed during the making of an engine disk led to the july crash of a united airlines jetliner in <unk> city iowa killing N people
congress sent to bush an $ N billion military construction bill that cuts spending for new installations by N N
the measure also moves more than $ N million in the pentagon budget to <unk> projects from foreign bases
u.s. and soviet officials are to open a new round of talks today aimed at reducing <unk> <unk> amid <unk> differences over whether to stop making the <unk>
the talks in new york are the first since bush and soviet foreign minister shevardnadze unveiled proposals in september to scrap existing weapons
afghan guerrillas <unk> kabul in a weekend assault that western diplomats called one of the biggest <unk> since the soviet union completed a troop withdrawal in february
the rebels also reportedly tightened a <unk> on roads leading to the capital and government forces <unk> a <unk> area in western afghanistan
lebanon 's christian leader <unk> an emergency meeting of his cabinet after indications that he might <unk> parliament in an attempt to scuttle an <unk> peace plan
gen. <unk> aoun rejected the pact because it fails to provide a timetable for a syrian troop pullout from lebanon
authorities in hawaii said the <unk> of a missing <unk> plane with N people aboard was spotted in a <unk> valley on the island of <unk>
there was n't any evidence of <unk>
the plane failed to reach <unk> 's airport saturday while on a flight from the neighboring island of <unk>
the oakland athletics won baseball 's world series <unk> the san francisco giants in a four-game sweep
an earthquake oct. N in northern california had caused a <unk> delay <unk> through the championship contest which ended saturday at san francisco 's candlestick park
died <unk> von <unk> N chairman of <unk> ag of west germany in <unk> of <unk>
the west german machinery and plant equipment industry 's orders rose an inflation-adjusted N N in september from a year earlier despite a sharp drop in foreign orders the german association of machinery makers said
before adjustment for inflation the association said orders were up a nominal N N
while domestic orders climbed an adjusted N N and a nominal N N in september foreign orders declined N N after inflation and N N on a nominal basis
in the third quarter orders rose a real N N and a nominal N N
domestic orders were up a real N N and a nominal N N while foreign orders rose a real N N and a nominal N N
when michael s. <unk> took the <unk> at a recent cosmetics industry event more than N executives <unk> the room snapped to attention
mr. <unk> who runs unilever group 's world-wide <unk> business <unk> to <unk> the crowd
i see we have about half the audience working for us he said <unk> in <unk>
the other half we may have before long
members of the audience <unk> or <unk> nervously their industry has been unsettled recently by acquisitions
first unilever the <unk> packaged-goods giant spent $ N billion to acquire brands such as faberge and elizabeth <unk>
it now holds the no. N position at u.s. department-store cosmetic <unk>
then procter & gamble co. agreed to buy noxell corp. for $ N billion
that acquisition to be completed by year end will include the cover girl and <unk> makeup lines making p&g the top marketer of cosmetics in mass-market outlets
it 's not so much the idea of acquisitions that has <unk> the cosmetics industry as the companies doing the acquiring p&g and unilever bring with them great experience with mundane products like soap and toilet paper <unk> <unk> in the <unk> cosmetics trade but they also bring <unk> marketing clout <unk> fear
though it is far from certain that companies best known for selling promise <unk> and tide detergent will succeed in cosmetics there 's little doubt they will shake up the industry
for now both companies are keeping quiet about their specific plans
but industry watchers expect them to <unk> the <unk> marketing strategies they use for more mundane products with the more <unk> approach typical of cosmetics companies
likely changes include more emphasis on research soaring advertising budgets and aggressive pricing
but some <unk> executives wonder whether techniques <unk> in packaged goods will translate to the cosmetics business
<unk> lauder inc. <unk> inc. and other cosmetics houses traditionally have considered themselves fashion enterprises whose product development is <unk> by the creative <unk> of their executives
cosmetics companies roll out new makeup colors several times a year and since most products can be easily <unk> by competitors they 're loath to test them with consumers
just because upscale cosmetics look like packaged goods and <unk> like packaged goods it does n't mean they are packaged goods says leonard lauder chief executive of <unk> lauder
they 're really fashion items <unk> up in little <unk>
in contrast to the more artistic nature of traditional cosmetics houses unilever and p&g are the <unk> of organization men in <unk> suits
both companies are conservative marketers that rely on extensive market research
p&g in particular rarely rolls out a product nationally before extensive <unk>
both can be extremely aggressive at pricing such products as <unk> and <unk> to the extent that some industry consultants predict <unk> coupons for <unk> could result from their entry into the field
p&g already has shown it can <unk> some traditional packaged-goods techniques with the <unk> of the cosmetics trade in the mass-market end of the business
consider oil of <unk> which p&g acquired as part of <unk> international in N
the <unk> introduced in N had a <unk> image
oil of <unk> brought with it the <unk> of being used basically by older women who had already aged says david williams a consultant with new england consulting group
p&g set out to <unk> the brand by <unk> the product line to include <unk> <unk> and <unk> for sensitive skin
it also <unk> oil of <unk> 's packaging <unk> the traditional <unk> boxes with gold lines to create a more <unk> look
moreover p&g shifted its ad campaign from one targeting older women to one featuring a woman in her <unk> <unk> not to grow old <unk>
the company says sales have soared
<unk> like unilever and p&g have enormous financial advantages over smaller rivals
next year noxell plans to roll out a <unk> called navy says george l. <unk> jr. chairman of noxell
without p&g 's backing noxell might not have been able to spend the estimated $ N million to $ N million needed to accomplish that without <unk> on its existing brands
packaged-goods companies will make it tougher for smaller people to remain competitive mr. <unk> says
further <unk> in the industry could follow
rumors that unilever is interested in acquiring schering-plough corp. 's <unk> unit are widespread
unilever wo n't comment <unk> however denies the brand is for sale
the presence of unilever and p&g is likely to increase the impact of advertising on cosmetics
while the two are among the world 's biggest advertisers most makers of upscale cosmetics spend relatively little on national ads
instead they focus on events in department stores and pour their promotional budgets into gifts that go along with purchases
<unk> lauder for example spends only an estimated N N of sales on advertising in the u.s. and mr. lauder says he has no plans to change his strategy
the most dramatic changes however probably will come in <unk> development
nearly N N of cosmetics sales come through <unk> outlets such as drug stores and supermarkets according to andrew shore an analyst at shearson lehman hutton inc