text stringlengths 16 3.64k | page_title stringlengths 2 111 | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|
archive. org / web / 20070106114002 / http : / / www. wwf. org. uk / filelibrary / pdf / mpas - marinespacialplanning. pdf douvere, fanny ; ehler, charles n. 2006 ( 2006 ). the international perspective : lessons from recent european experience with marine spatial planning ( pdf ). symposium on management for spatial a... | Marine spatial planning | wikipedia |
marpol. 2012. 04. 012. erbach, gregor. " spatial planning for the'blue economy': maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management " ( pdf ). library briefing. library of the european parliament. retrieved 2 may 2013. = = external links and references = = unesco international ocean council msp guide noaa's ms... | Marine spatial planning | wikipedia |
the techila distributed computing engine ( earlier known as techila grid ) is a commercial grid computing software product. techila distributed computing engine is developed and licensed by techila technologies ltd, a privately held company headquartered in tampere, finland. the product is also available as an on - dem... | Techila Grid | wikipedia |
microsoft azure, amazon ec2 and google compute engine. once the techila worker software is installed on a computer, it will authenticate the computer to the techila server using a certificate, and the system will use self - management to automatically configure the computer to run jobs received from the techila server.... | Techila Grid | wikipedia |
##u ltd in 2008. following this evaluation, the technology gained acceptance in security - sensitive industries, including finance and insurance, engineering, and pharmaceuticals. in 2011, a research team at the university of helsinki demonstrated the techila distributed computing engine ’ s ability to autonomously man... | Techila Grid | wikipedia |
a light valve ( lv ) is a device for varying the quantity of light, from a source, which reaches a target. examples of targets are computer screen surfaces, or a wall screen in the case of a light projector. there are two basic principles of achieving this. one is by deflecting the light on its way to the target ( a re... | Light valve | wikipedia |
the diffie – hellman problem ( dhp ) is a mathematical problem first proposed by whitfield diffie and martin hellman in the context of cryptography and serves as the theoretical basis of the diffie – hellman key exchange and its derivatives. the motivation for this problem is that many security systems use one - way fu... | Diffie–Hellman problem | wikipedia |
in fact, significant progress ( by den boer, maurer, wolf, boneh and lipton ) has been made towards showing that over many groups the dhp is almost as hard as the dlp. there is no proof to date that either the dhp or the dlp is a hard problem, except in generic groups ( by nechaev and shoup ). a proof that either probl... | Diffie–Hellman problem | wikipedia |
tides in marginal seas are tides affected by their location in semi - enclosed areas along the margins of continents and differ from tides in the open oceans. tides are water level variations caused by the gravitational interaction between the moon, the sun and the earth. the resulting tidal force is a secondary effect... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
_ { 0 } ^ { \ lambda } pe = \ int _ { 0 } ^ { \ lambda } ke = { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \ rho g \ int _ { 0 } ^ { \ lambda } \ eta ^ { 2 } dx } where ρ { \ displaystyle \ rho } is the density, g { \ displaystyle g } the gravitation acceleration and η { \ displaystyle \ eta } the vertical tidal elevation. the total wave en... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
2 g h 1 = a 2 2 g h 2 { \ displaystyle f _ { e, 1 } = f _ { e, 2 } \ longrightarrow { a _ { 1 } } ^ { 2 } { \ sqrt { gh _ { 1 } } } = { a _ { 2 } } ^ { 2 } { \ sqrt { gh _ { 2 } } } } where h 2 < h 1 { \ displaystyle h2 < h1 } and thus a 2 > a 1 { \ displaystyle a _ { 2 } > a _ { 1 } }. when the tidal wave propagates o... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
( c _ { 1 } + c _ { 2 } ) } } } this equation indicates that when c 1 = c 2 { \ displaystyle c _ { 1 } = c _ { 2 } } there is no reflected wave and if c 1 > c 2 { \ displaystyle c _ { 1 } > c _ { 2 } } the reflected tidal wave will be smaller than the original tidal wave. = = = internal tide and mixing = = = at the con... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
< < h { \ displaystyle \ eta < < h } ). the linearized depth - averaged shallow water equations become : u momentum equation : ∂ u ∂ t − f v = − g ∂ η ∂ x { \ displaystyle { \ frac { \ partial u } { \ partial t } } - fv = - g { \ frac { \ partial \ eta } { \ partial x } } } v momentum equation : ∂ v ∂ t + f u = − g ∂ η... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
partial \ eta } { \ partial y } } } the continuity equation : ∂ η ∂ t + h ∂ v ∂ y = 0 { \ displaystyle { \ frac { \ partial \ eta } { \ partial t } } + h { \ frac { \ partial v } { \ partial y } } = 0 } now it is possible to get an expression for η { \ displaystyle \ eta }, by taking the time derivative of the continui... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
h f { \ displaystyle r = { \ frac { \ sqrt { gh } } { f } } } is the rossby radius of deformation and f ( y + c t ) { \ displaystyle f ( y + ct ) } is an arbitrary function describing the wave motion. in the most simple form f { \ displaystyle f } is a cosine or sine function which describes a wave motion in the positi... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
the coast at their left hand side in the southern hemisphere. in the limit of no rotation where f → 0 { \ displaystyle f \ rightarrow 0 }, the exponential term increase without a bound and the wave will become a simple gravity wave orientated perpendicular to the coast. in the next section, it will be shown how these k... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
of the shelf sea is a quarter wavelength of the tidal wave. next to that, the sum of the two kelvin waves result in several static minima's in the centre of the domain which hardly experience any tidal motion, these are called amphidromic points. in the upper panel of figure 2, the absolute time averaged ssh is shown i... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
can become asymmetric. a tidal asymmetry is a difference between the duration of the rise and the fall of the tidal water elevation and this can manifest itself as a difference in flood / ebb tidal currents. the tidal asymmetry and the resulting currents are important for the sediment transport and turbidity in estuari... | Tides in marginal seas | wikipedia |
in solid mechanics, in the field of rotordynamics, the critical speed is the theoretical angular velocity that excites the natural frequency of a rotating object, such as a shaft, propeller, leadscrew, or gear. as the speed of rotation approaches the object's natural frequency, the object begins to resonate, which dram... | Critical speed | wikipedia |
} y _ { i } } } { \ sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } { w _ { i } y _ { i } ^ { 2 } } } } } } where g is the acceleration of gravity, and the w i { \ displaystyle w _ { i } } are the weights of each segment, and the y i { \ displaystyle y _ { i } } are the static deflections ( under gravitational loading only ) of the center of ... | Critical speed | wikipedia |
the epidemiology of herpes simplex is of substantial epidemiologic and public health interest. worldwide, the rate of infection with herpes simplex virus — counting both hsv - 1 and hsv - 2 — is around 90 %. although many people infected with hsv develop labial or genital lesions ( herpes simplex ), the majority are ei... | Epidemiology of herpes simplex | wikipedia |
. bulgaria has a high ( 23. 9 % ) hsv - 2 seroprevalence relative to other european countries : germany ( 13. 9 % ), finland ( 13. 4 % ), belgium ( 11. 1 % ), the netherlands ( 8. 8 % ), the czech republic ( 6. 0 % ), and england and wales ( 4. 2 % ). women are more likely to be seropositive than men, and likely acquir... | Epidemiology of herpes simplex | wikipedia |
of first episodes of genital infection. in healthy adults, hsv - 2 infection occurs more frequently in the united states than in europe. seroprevalence rates in the united states appeared to be increasing, rising from 16. 4 % in 1976 to 21. 8 % in 1994. however, this trend seems to have reversed itself in recent years,... | Epidemiology of herpes simplex | wikipedia |
21 % of individuals in their early forties have antibodies against hsv - 2, reflecting the sexually transmitted nature of this virus. when standardising for age, hsv - 2 seroprevalence in ontario for individuals between the ages of 15 and 44 was 9. 1 %. rates for canadian people infected with hsv - 2 is much lower than... | Epidemiology of herpes simplex | wikipedia |
. for example, only 26 % of middle - aged women have antibodies for hsv - 2 in morocco. women are more likely to be infected with hsv - 2 once they are over the age of 40. children in egypt with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are often infected with hsv from a young age — hsv - 1 or hsv - 2 antibodies are present in an e... | Epidemiology of herpes simplex | wikipedia |
asia = = = hsv - 1 seroprevalence in some asian countries is low, relative to other countries worldwide, with only 51 % women in thailand, and between 50 and 60 % in japan possessing antibodies. hsv - 2 seroprevalence in developing asian countries is comparable ( 10 – 30 % ) to that observed in north america and northe... | Epidemiology of herpes simplex | wikipedia |
##v - 1 antibodies were found in 85. 3 %. only 5 % of pregnant women were infected with hsv - 2, and 98 % were infected with hsv - 1. prevalence of these viruses was higher in sex workers of istanbul, reaching levels of 99 % and 60 % for hsv - 1 and hsv - 2 prevalence respectively. jordan — the prevalence of hsv - 2 in... | Epidemiology of herpes simplex | wikipedia |
acquiring hsv - 2 in syria, include prostitutes and bar girls ; they have 34 % and 20 % seroprevalence respectively. = = oceania = = in australia, a study using data from 1999 revealed the seroprevalence of hsv - 1 was at 76. 5 %, with significant differences associated with age, gender and indigenous status, which wer... | Epidemiology of herpes simplex | wikipedia |
in robotics, the wake - up robot problem refers to a situation where an autonomous robot is carried to an arbitrary location and put to operation, and the robot must localize itself without any prior knowledge. the wake - up robot problem is closely related to the kidnapped robot problem. = = see also = = exploration p... | Wake-up robot problem | wikipedia |
the american board of internal medicine ( abim ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit, self - appointed physician - evaluation organization that certifies physicians practicing internal medicine and its subspecialties. the american board of internal medicine is not a membership society, educational institution, or licensing ... | American Board of Internal Medicine | wikipedia |
a secure examination. unlike licensure, board certification is not a requirement to practice medicine. many hospitals require internists to be board certified in order to have admitting privileges, and many health plans require certification for contracting or eligibility for select networks. the american board of inte... | American Board of Internal Medicine | wikipedia |
shows that physician knowledge deteriorates and practice habits and patterns fail to change, over time, in response to medical advances. every 10 years, some internists and subspecialists certified in or after 1990 renew their certifications through the american board of internal medicine's maintenance of certification... | American Board of Internal Medicine | wikipedia |
from selling a product, not for providing a service. no, the foundation earned $ 20 million on the $ 74 million in assets it holds. the foundation racked up $ 5. 2 million in expenses, which — other than $ 245, 000 it gave to the abim — was divided into two categories : compensation and " other. " who is getting all th... | American Board of Internal Medicine | wikipedia |
s website, including a debate between the rival parties. in a survey on sermo, a physician - only website, 97 % of physicians favored the elimination of maintenance of certification. = = see also = = american osteopathic board of internal medicine abim foundation = = references = = = = external links = = official websi... | American Board of Internal Medicine | wikipedia |
cellular senescence is a phenomenon characterized by the cessation of cell division. in their experiments during the early 1960s, leonard hayflick and paul moorhead found that normal human fetal fibroblasts in culture reach a maximum of approximately 50 cell population doublings before becoming senescent. this process ... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
such senescent cells in mammalian culture and tissues retain dsbs and ddr markers. it has been proposed that retained dsbs are major drivers of the aging process. mutations in genes relating to genome maintenance has been linked with premature aging diseases, supporting the role of cell senescence in aging. depletion o... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
succumbs to a permanent cell cycle arrest. more particularly, the osmotic stress caused by this overgrowth is linked to an accumulation of p21 during g0 / g1 arrest, consequently preventing re - entry into s phase. additionally, the persistent growth of the cell during this arrest, as driven by mtor signaling, causes p... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
##e and ras are two oncogenes implicated in cellular senescence. brafv600e induces senescence through synthesis and secretion of igfbp7. ras activates the mapk cascade which results in increased p53 activation and p16ink4a upregulation. the transition to a state of senescence due to oncogene mutations are irreversible ... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
oncogene. they took embryonic progenitor cells, transduced those cells with oncogenic ras, along with the tetracycline transactivator ( tta ) protein to control p53 expression using doxycycline, a tetracycline analog and tetracycline responsive short hairpin rna ( shrna ). in the absence of dox, p53 was actively suppre... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
irreversible ; silencing of p16ink4a through promotor methylation or deletion of the p16ink4a locus allows the cell to resume the cell cycle if senescence was initiated by p16ink4a activation. senescence - associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) gene expression is induced by a number of transcription factors, including... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
the kinase activity and inhibit rb tumor suppressor via phosphorylation. the rb tumor suppressor has been shown to associate with e2f1 ( a protein necessary for transcription ) in its monophosphorylated form, which inhibits transcription of downstream target genes involved in the g1 / s transition. as part of a feedbac... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
associated with neurons containing neurofibrillary tangle. = = = sasp = = = the secretome of senescent cells is very complex. the products are mainly associated with inflammation, proliferation, and changes in the extracellular matrix. a senescence associated secretory phenotype ( sasp ) consisting of inflammatory cyto... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
##p is associated with many age - related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. this has motivated researchers to develop senolytic drugs to kill and eliminate senescent cells to improve health in the elderly. the nucleus of senescent cells is characterized by senescence - associated heterochromatin ... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
##8 + cytotoxic t - lymphocytes become more innate in structure and function, resembling nk cells. immune system cells can be recruited by sasp to senescent cells, after which the sasp from the senescent cells can induce the immune system cells to become senescent. chimeric antigen receptor t cells have been proposed a... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
early onset of aging - associated diseases, and premature death. biomarkers of cellular senescence have been shown to accumulate in tissues of older individuals. the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues of vertebrates with age is thought to contribute to the development of ageing - related diseases, including alz... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
cells experience replicative senescence ). how and why cells become post - mitotic in some species has been the subject of much research and speculation, but it has been suggested that cellular senescence evolved as a way to prevent the onset and spread of cancer. somatic cells that have divided many times will have ac... | Cellular senescence | wikipedia |
in epidemiology, environmental diseases are diseases that can be directly attributed to environmental factors ( as distinct from genetic factors or infection ). apart from the true monogenic genetic disorders, which are rare, environment is a major determinant of the development of disease. diet, exposure to toxins, pa... | Environmental disease | wikipedia |
is more prevalent in urban areas. on the other hand, urban areas, compared to their rural counterparts, lack diverse microbial communities, which can help prevent the development of asthma. both of these effects lead to a higher incidence of asthma in cities. infectious diseases are also often more common in cities, as... | Environmental disease | wikipedia |
##s obtain their drinking water from backyard wells. high fluoride in drinking water has caused a high incidence of fluorosis among dry zone population in sri lanka. however, in the wet zone, high rainfall effectively removes fluoride from soils where no fluorosis is evident. in some parts of sri lanka iodine deficienc... | Environmental disease | wikipedia |
dioxide, chlorine, phosgene, and fluorine and its compounds, which include luroine and hydrofluoric acid, fluorspar, fluorapatite, cryolite, and organic fluorine compounds. = = categorization and surveillance = = the u. s. coast guard has developed a coast guard - wide comprehensive system for surveillance of workplace... | Environmental disease | wikipedia |
in the mathematical field of topology, a free loop is a variant of the notion of a loop. whereas a loop has a distinguished point on it, called its basepoint, a free loop lacks such a distinguished point. formally, let x { \ displaystyle x } be a topological space. then a free loop in x { \ displaystyle x } is an equiv... | Free loop | wikipedia |
diatribe de progidiosis crucibus is a 1661 work by the jesuit scholar athanasius kircher. it was printed in rome by blasius deversin and dedicated to archduke leopold wilhelm of austria. a second edition of the work was published in rome in 1666 and a german translation appeared in gaspar schott's joco - seriorum natur... | Diatribe de Progidiosis Crucibus | wikipedia |
primary evidence himself, and also read accounts from other witnesses in southern italy. : 153 these reported various extraordinary discoveries, such as that the crosses had appeared on altar drapes, and on objects inside locked chests and shuttered rooms. : 177 = = discussion and conclusions = = the first two thirds o... | Diatribe de Progidiosis Crucibus | wikipedia |
out before them, and turn back toward better fruits. = = critical reception = = like all of kircher's work, diatribe had to be submitted to the censors of the jesuit order before it could be published. they did not block it, but informed kircher that this was not the quality of work the order was expecting its scholars... | Diatribe de Progidiosis Crucibus | wikipedia |
a hypothetical solar system object is a planet, natural satellite, subsatellite or similar body in the solar system whose existence is not known, but has been inferred from observational scientific evidence. over the years a number of hypothetical planets have been proposed, and many have been disproved. however, even ... | List of hypothetical Solar System objects | wikipedia |
period comets in a band. results from the wise telescope survey in 2014 have ruled it out. up to three planets at 42 ( named oceanus ), 56, and 72 au ( both unnamed ) from the sun respectively, proposed by thomas jefferson jackson see in 1909. brahma and vishnu, proposed by venkatesh p. ketakar. hades, proposed by theo... | List of hypothetical Solar System objects | wikipedia |
. the fifth giant is a hypothetical fifth giant planet originally in an orbit between saturn and uranus but was ejected from the solar system into interstellar space after a close encounter with jupiter, resulting in a rapid divergence of jupiter's and saturn's orbit which may have ensured the orbital stability of the ... | List of hypothetical Solar System objects | wikipedia |
series of misidentified stars and internal reflections inside the optics of particular telescope designs. it was also alternatively proposed by jean - charles houzeau to be a heliocentric planet that orbited the sun every 283 days and be in conjunction with venus every 1080 days. themis, a moon of saturn which astronom... | List of hypothetical Solar System objects | wikipedia |
in physics, the clebsch – gordan ( cg ) coefficients are numbers that arise in angular momentum coupling in quantum mechanics. they appear as the expansion coefficients of total angular momentum eigenstates in an uncoupled tensor product basis. in more mathematical terms, the cg coefficients are used in representation ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
varepsilon _ { klm } \ mathrm { j } _ { m } & k, l, m & \ in \ { \ mathrm { x, y, z } \ }, \ end { aligned } } } where εklm is the levi - civita symbol. together the three operators define a vector operator, a rank one cartesian tensor operator, j = ( j x, j y, j z ). { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { j } = ( \ mathrm { j _ ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
##tes = = it can be shown from the above definitions that j2 commutes with jx, jy, and jz : [ j 2, j k ] = 0 k ∈ { x, y, z }. { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } & [ \ mathbf { j } ^ { 2 }, \ mathrm { j } _ { k } ] = 0 & k & \ in \ { \ mathrm { x }, \ mathrm { y }, \ mathrm { z } \ }. \ end { aligned } } } when two ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
= c ± ( j, m ) | j ( m ± 1 ) ⟩, { \ displaystyle \ mathrm { j } _ { \ pm } | j \, m \ rangle = \ hbar c _ { \ pm } ( j, m ) | j \, ( m \ pm 1 ) \ rangle, } where the ladder coefficient is given by : in principle, one may also introduce a ( possibly complex ) phase factor in the definition of c ± ( j, m ) { \ displaysty... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
tensor product space v 1 ⊗ v 2 { \ displaystyle v _ { 1 } \ otimes v _ { 2 } }, which has dimension ( 2 j 1 + 1 ) ( 2 j 2 + 1 ) { \ displaystyle ( 2j _ { 1 } + 1 ) ( 2j _ { 2 } + 1 ) }. the action of the total angular momentum operator on this space constitutes a representation of the su ( 2 ) lie algebra, but a reduci... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
, …, j 2 }. { \ displaystyle | j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } \ rangle \ equiv | j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \ rangle \ otimes | j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } \ rangle, \ quad m _ { 1 } \ in \ { - j _ { 1 }, - j _ { 1 } + 1, \ ldots, j _ { 1 } \ }, \ quad m _ { 2 } \ in \ { - j _ { 2 }, - j _ { 2 } + 1, \ ldots, ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
total angular momentum operators are defined by the coproduct ( or tensor product ) of the two representations acting on v1⊗v2, the total angular momentum operators can be shown to satisfy the very same commutation relations, [ j k, j l ] = i ε k l m j m, { \ displaystyle [ \ mathrm { j } _ { k }, \ mathrm { j } _ { l ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
1 } - j _ { 2 } | \ leq j \ leq j _ { 1 } + j _ { 2 }, } such that the three nonnegative integer or half - integer values could correspond to the three sides of a triangle. the total number of total angular momentum eigenstates is necessarily equal to the dimension of v3 : j = | j 1 − j 2 | j 1 + j 2 ( 2 j + 1 ) = ( 2 ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
##rmal basis of v3 : ⟨ j m | j ′ m ′ ⟩ = δ j, j ′ δ m, m ′. { \ displaystyle \ left \ langle j \, m | j'\, m'\ right \ rangle = \ delta _ { j, j'} \ delta _ { m, m'} ~. } these rules may be iterated to, e. g., combine n doublets ( s = 1 / 2 ) to obtain the clebsch - gordan decomposition series, ( catalan's triangle ), ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
) in the uncoupled basis the expansion coefficients ⟨ j 1 m 1 j 2 m 2 | j m ⟩ { \ displaystyle \ langle j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } | j \, m \ rangle } are the clebsch – gordan coefficients. note that some authors write them in a different order such as ⟨ j1 j2 ; m1 m2 | j m ⟩. another common notat... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
##s \ mathrm { j } _ { \ pm } } to the left hand side of the defining equation gives j ± | [ j 1 j 2 ] j m ⟩ = c ± ( j, m ) | [ j 1 j 2 ] j ( m ± 1 ) ⟩ = c ± ( j, m ) m 1, m 2 | j 1 m 1 j 2 m 2 ⟩ ⟨ j 1 m 1 j 2 m 2 | j ( m ± 1 ) ⟩ { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } \ mathrm { j } _ { \ pm } | [ j _ { 1 } \, j _ { 2 ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
c ± ( j 2, m 2 1 ) ⟨ j 1 m 1 j 2 ( m 2 1 ) | j m ⟩ ). { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } \ mathrm { j } _ { \ pm } & \ sum _ { m _ { 1 }, m _ { 2 } } | j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } \ rangle \ langle j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } | j \, m \ rangle \ \ = \ hbar & \ sum _ { m _ {... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
\ langle j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j _ { 2 } \, ( m _ { 2 } \ mp 1 ) | j \, m \ rangle { \ bigr ) }. \ end { aligned } } } combining these results gives recursion relations for the clebsch – gordan coefficients, where c± was defined in 1 : c ± ( j, m ) ⟨ j 1 m 1 j 2 m 2 | j ( m ± 1 ) ⟩ = c ± ( j 1, m 1 1 ) ⟨ j 1 ( m 1 ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
_ { 1 } \, ( m _ { 1 } - 1 ) \, j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } | j \, j \ rangle + c _ { + } ( j _ { 2 }, m _ { 2 } - 1 ) \ langle j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j _ { 2 } \, ( m _ { 2 } - 1 ) | j \, j \ rangle. } in the condon – shortley phase convention, one adds the constraint that ⟨ j 1 j 1 j 2 ( j − j 1 ) | j j ⟩ > 0 { \ displ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
the first orthogonality relation is j = | j 1 − j 2 | j 1 + j 2 m = − j j ⟨ j 1 m 1 j 2 m 2 | j m ⟩ ⟨ j m | j 1 m 1 ′ j 2 m 2 ′ ⟩ = ⟨ j 1 m 1 j 2 m 2 | j 1 m 1 ′ j 2 m 2 ′ ⟩ = δ m 1, m 1 ′ δ m 2, m 2 ′ { \ displaystyle \ sum _ { j = | j _ { 1 } - j _ { 2 } | } ^ { j _ { 1 } + j _ { 2 } } \ sum _ { m = - j } ^ { j } \ l... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
} \, j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } \ rangle \ langle j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } | j'\, m'\ rangle = \ langle j \, m | j'\, m'\ rangle = \ delta _ { j, j'} \ delta _ { m, m'}. } = = special cases = = for j = 0 the clebsch – gordan coefficients are given by ⟨ j 1 m 1 j 2 m 2 | 0 0 ⟩ = δ j 1, j 2 δ m 1, − m... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
##le j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j _ { 1 } \, ( - m _ { 1 } ) | ( 2j _ { 1 } ) \, 0 \ rangle = { \ frac { ( 2j _ { 1 } )! ^ { 2 } } { ( j _ { 1 } - m _ { 1 } )! ( j _ { 1 } + m _ { 1 } )! { \ sqrt { ( 4j _ { 1 } )! } } } }. } for j1 = j2 = m1 = −m2 we have ⟨ j 1 j 1 j 1 ( − j 1 ) | j 0 ⟩ = ( 2 j 1 )! 2 j + 1 ( j + 2 j 1 ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
) } { ( 2j _ { 1 } + 1 ) ( j _ { 1 } + 1 ) } } } \ \ \ langle j _ { 1 } \, m \, 1 \, 0 | j _ { 1 } \, m \ rangle & = { \ frac { m } { \ sqrt { j _ { 1 } ( j _ { 1 } + 1 ) } } } \ \ \ langle j _ { 1 } \, m \, 1 \, 0 | ( j _ { 1 } - 1 ) \, m \ rangle & = - { \ sqrt { \ frac { ( j _ { 1 } - m ) ( j _ { 1 } + m ) } { j _ {... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
{ \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \, \ left ( - { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \ right ) { \ bigg | } \ left ( j _ { 1 } \ pm { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \ right ) \, m \ right \ rangle & = { \ sqrt { { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } \ left ( 1 \ mp { \ frac { m } { j _ { 1 } + { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } } } \ right ) } } \ end { aligned } } } = = symmetry... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
\, ( - m ) \ rangle \ \ & = ( - 1 ) ^ { j _ { 1 } + j _ { 2 } - j } \ langle j _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } \, j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } | j \, m \ rangle \ \ & = ( - 1 ) ^ { j _ { 1 } - m _ { 1 } } { \ sqrt { \ frac { 2j + 1 } { 2j _ { 2 } + 1 } } } \ langle j _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, j \, ( - m ) | j _ { 2 } \, ( - m _ { 2 } ) \... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
. the symmetry properties of wigner 3 - j symbols are much simpler. = = = rules for phase factors = = = care is needed when simplifying phase factors : a quantum number may be a half - integer rather than an integer, therefore ( −1 ) 2k is not necessarily 1 for a given quantum number k unless it can be proven to be an ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
or if any of them are substituted with an mi instead. = = relation to wigner 3 - j symbols = = clebsch – gordan coefficients are related to wigner 3 - j symbols which have more convenient symmetry relations. the factor ( −1 ) 2 j2 is due to the condon – shortley constraint that ⟨ j1 j1 j2 ( j − j1 ) | j j ⟩ > 0, while ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
} } \ \ times { } \ \ [ 6pt ] & \ times { \ sqrt { ( j _ { 1 } - m _ { 1 } )! ( j _ { 1 } + m _ { 1 } )! ( j _ { 2 } - m _ { 2 } )! ( j _ { 2 } + m _ { 2 } )! ( j - m )! ( j + m )! } } \ \ times { } \ \ [ 6pt ] & \ times \ sum _ { k = k } ^ { n } { \ frac { ( - 1 ) ^ { k } } { k! ( j _ { 1 } + j _ { 2 } - j - k )! ( j ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
j _ { 1 } + j _ { 2 } } or j 1 < m 1 { \ displaystyle j _ { 1 } < m _ { 1 } } are automatically set to zero. = = relation to wigner d - matrices = = 0 2 π d α 0 π sin β d β 0 2 π d γ d m, k j ( α, β, γ ) ∗ d m 1, k 1 j 1 ( α, β, γ ) d m 2, k 2 j 2 ( α, β, γ ) = 8 π 2 2 j + 1 ⟨ j 1 m 1 j 2 m 2 | j m ⟩ ⟨ j 1 k 1 j 2 k 2 ... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
l m ( ω ) d ω = ( 2 ℓ 1 + 1 ) ( 2 ℓ 2 + 1 ) 4 π ( 2 l + 1 ) ⟨ ℓ 1 0 ℓ 2 0 | l 0 ⟩ ⟨ ℓ 1 m 1 ℓ 2 m 2 | l m ⟩ { \ displaystyle \ int _ { 4 \ pi } y _ { \ ell _ { 1 } } ^ { m _ { 1 } } { } ^ { * } ( \ omega ) y _ { \ ell _ { 2 } } ^ { m _ { 2 } } { } ^ { * } ( \ omega ) y _ { l } ^ { m } ( \ omega ) \, d \ omega = { \ sqr... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
ell _ { 2 } + 1 ) } { 4 \ pi ( 2l + 1 ) } } } \ langle \ ell _ { 1 } \, 0 \, \ ell _ { 2 } \, 0 | l \, 0 \ rangle \ langle \ ell _ { 1 } \, m _ { 1 } \, \ ell _ { 2 } \, m _ { 2 } | l \, m \ rangle y _ { l } ^ { m } ( \ omega ) } = = other properties = = m ( − 1 ) j − m ⟨ j m j ( − m ) | j 0 ⟩ = δ j, 0 2 j + 1 { \ disp... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
. 52b3507a. doi : 10. 1063 / 1. 3521562. s2cid 55572438. condon, edward u. ; shortley, g. h. ( 1970 ). " ch. 3 ". the theory of atomic spectra. cambridge : cambridge university press. isbn 978 - 0 - 521 - 09209 - 8. edmonds, a. r. ( 1957 ). angular momentum in quantum mechanics. princeton, new jersey : princeton univer... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
north holland, john wiley & sons. de swart, j. j. ( 1963 ). " the octet model and its clebsch - gordan coefficients ". rev. mod. phys. ( submitted manuscript ). 35 ( 4 ) : 916. bibcode : 1963rvmp... 35.. 916d. doi : 10. 1103 / revmodphys. 35. 916. = = external links = = nakamura, kenzo ; et al. ( 2010 ). " review of pa... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | wikipedia |
geometric mechanics is a branch of mathematics applying particular geometric methods to many areas of mechanics, from mechanics of particles and rigid bodies to fluid mechanics and control theory. geometric mechanics applies principally to systems for which the configuration space is a lie group, or a group of diffeomo... | Geometric mechanics | wikipedia |
euler – poincare vakonomic = = geometric integrators = = one of the important developments arising from the geometric approach to mechanics is the incorporation of the geometry into numerical methods. in particular symplectic and variational integrators are proving particularly accurate for long - term integration of h... | Geometric mechanics | wikipedia |
##kett, holm, tronci ( 2019 ) superfluids thermodynamics — see gay - balmaz, yoshimra ( 2018 ) trajectory planning for space exploration underwater vehicles variational integrators ; see marsden and west ( 2001 ) = = references = = abraham, ralph ; marsden, jerrold e. ( 1978 ), foundations of mechanics ( 2nd ed. ), add... | Geometric mechanics | wikipedia |
##ode : 1985phr... 123.... 1h. doi : 10. 1016 / 0370 - 1573 ( 85 ) 90028 - 6. libermann, paulette ; marle, charles - michel ( 1987 ). symplectic geometry and analytical mechanics. mathematics and its applications. vol. 35. dordrecht : d. reidel. doi : 10. 1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 3807 - 6. isbn 90 - 277 - 2438 - 5. mars... | Geometric mechanics | wikipedia |
a crystal model is a teaching aid used for understanding concepts in crystallography and the morphology of crystals. models are ideal to learn recognizing symmetry elements in crystals. = = rome de l'isle = = the first real collections of crystal models were produced by rome de l'isle. he actually offered sets of small... | Crystal model | wikipedia |
of these pear wood models, 550 of these are still present in the collection of teylers museum. each model is labeled, mentioning a number and the name of the crystal form. this set is the most complete collection of hauy crystal models that still survives. that van marum was able to acquire such a unique collection was... | Crystal model | wikipedia |
##raphic axes illustrated by colored silk threads or with the holohedral form made of cardboard inside. also available were models in massive cut and polished glass ( colored and uncolored ), cardboard models, wire crystal models, crystal lattice models, models with rotating parts, etc. over the years, krantz published... | Crystal model | wikipedia |
a radio atmospheric signal or sferic ( sometimes also spelled " spheric " ) is a broadband electromagnetic impulse that occurs as a result of natural atmospheric lightning discharges. sferics may propagate from their lightning source without major attenuation in the earth – ionosphere waveguide, and can be received tho... | Radio atmospheric signal | wikipedia |
upper - atmospheric lightning or sprites, that occur at mesospheric altitudes, are short - lived electric breakdown phenomena, probably generated by giant lightning events on the ground. = = source properties = = = = = basic stroke parameters = = = in a typical cloud - to - ground stroke ( r stroke ), negative electric... | Radio atmospheric signal | wikipedia |
lightning channel has a typical length of about 5 km. another part of comparable length may be hidden in the cloud and may have a significant horizontal branch. evidently, the dominant wavelength of the electromagnetic waves of r - and k - strokes is much larger than their channel lengths. the physics of electromagneti... | Radio atmospheric signal | wikipedia |
, < 3 khz ; vlf = very low frequencies, 3 – 30 khz ). these waves are reflected and attenuated on the ground as well as within the ionospheric d layer, near 70 km altitude during day time conditions, and near 90 km height during the night. reflection and attenuation on the ground depends on frequency, distance, and oro... | Radio atmospheric signal | wikipedia |
7. 5 m hz ( with m = 1, 2,... ; a the earth's radius and c the speed of light ). these resonant modes with their fundamental frequency of f1 7. 5 hz are known as schumann resonances. = = monitoring thunderstorm activity with sferics = = about 100 lightning strokes per second are generated all over the world excited by ... | Radio atmospheric signal | wikipedia |
, etc. dominates. in the vlf - range, there are the coherent impulses from r - and k - strokes, appearing out of the background noise. beyond about 100 khz, the noise amplitude becomes more and more incoherent. in addition, technical noise from electric motors, ignition systems of motor cars, etc., are superimposed. fi... | Radio atmospheric signal | wikipedia |
in computing, particularly in the context of the unix operating system and its workalikes, fork is an operation whereby a process creates a copy of itself. it is an interface which is required for compliance with the posix and single unix specification standards. it is usually implemented as a c standard library wrappe... | Fork (system call) | wikipedia |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.