| # Datasheet for Pho-BP |
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| ## Motivation |
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| Pho-BP was created to provide a standardized evaluation resource for phonological representation learning in Brazilian Portuguese, especially for tasks connected to phonological awareness and literacy-support NLP. |
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| ## Composition |
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| The dataset contains four configurations and 46,000 rows. Each row is a lexical or word-pair example; no row represents a named person. Splits are fixed and their sizes follow the benchmark specification. |
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| ## Collection process |
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| Lexical items were selected from an open Brazilian Portuguese lexicon using frequency-oriented ICF ordering. Phonetic transcriptions were generated automatically. Syllable boundaries were generated with language-specific hyphenation patterns. Rhyme and initial-phoneme labels were derived from the generated IPA. |
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| The public reading-error rows are privacy-preserving rule-based realizations. They operationalize four error categories but are not represented as direct transcriptions of identifiable children. |
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| ## Preprocessing |
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| - Unicode NFC normalization |
| - Lowercasing |
| - Alphabetic filtering for Brazilian Portuguese characters |
| - Word-length filtering |
| - deterministic Brazilian Portuguese rule-based G2P conversion |
| - Pyphen `pt_BR` syllabification |
| - Deterministic split assignment and duplicate-pair prevention |
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| ## Labels |
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| - Rhyme: `0`, `1` |
| - Syllable: binary boundary sequence |
| - Initial phoneme: 24 IPA labels (`a`, `k`, `p`, `e`, `s`, `d`, `m`, `i`, `ʁ`, `t`, `b`, `f`, `l`, `v`, `g`, `o`, `n`, `ʒ`, `ʃ`, `u`, `z`, `ɲ`, `ʎ`, `tʃ`) |
| - Reading error: `phoneme_substitution`, `omission`, `orthographic_confusion`, `insertion` |
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| ## Quality controls |
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| The build validation checks exact row counts, unique IDs, rhyme balance, 24-class training balance, validation/test near-balance, reading-error distributions, boundary-vector lengths, label/IPA consistency, and absence of duplicate rows within each file. |
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| ## Uses |
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| Recommended uses include probing, multitask learning, phonological representation evaluation, controlled baseline comparison, and educational NLP research at aggregate level. |
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| Prohibited or unsupported uses include diagnosis, learner ranking, automated educational placement, surveillance, or claims that rule-generated reading errors are authentic child observations. |
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| ## Distribution |
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| The release is distributed as UTF-8 CSV files with Markdown documentation, Python evaluation scripts, machine-readable baseline JSON files, a citation file, and a license. |
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| ## Maintenance |
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| Version 1.0.0 is a deterministic public release. Future revisions should retain versioned splits, publish change logs, document tool-version changes, and separate any governed authentic oral-reading extension from the open lexical benchmark. |
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