Datasets:

giovannip
/

eu-delegation-constraints-annotations

id_coder int64	text string	del_ms int64	con_ms int64	so_ms int64	del_nca int64	con_nca int64	so_nca int64	agenda int64	del_com int64	si_com int64	con_com int64	del_age int64	si_age int64	con_age int64
0	Eba may also assist the competent authorities in reaching an agreement on the exchange of information under this Article on its own initiative in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 19(1 ) of that Regulation .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
1	In the light of that review and on the basis of internationally accepted , objective and operational criteria , the Commission shall submit a proposal for a Council decision on the intensity of the special incentive arrangements referred to in paragraph 1 and the modalities for implementing them .	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 145(2 ) .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
3	The Agency shall work together with all stakeholders , including research institutions , healthcare professionals , and patient and consumer organisations , in order to define the appropriate level of access for healthcare professionals and the public to the Eudravigilance database .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
4	The national regulatory authorities shall promote the interests of the citizens of the European Union by inter alia:(a ) ensuring all citizens have access to a universal service specified in Directive 2002/22 and(f )	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
5	The Member States concerned , the ETIAS Central Unit , Europol and eu - LISA shall cooperate in the event of a security incident .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
6	Member States and the Commission shall cooperate closely to ensure that this Regulation is complied with .	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
7	In particular , the regulatory authorities where Member States have so provided or Member States shall promote and .	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8	By return , the Commission shall notify its confirmation that the requested amount(s ) of quantities are available for importation in the chronological order in which the notifications of the Member States have been received .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
9	When the competent authority of a Member State receives information from a third country , that authority may pass the information on to the competent authorities of any Member States which might be interested in it and in any event , to all those which request it , in so far as permitted by assistance arrangements with that particular third country .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	Nevertheless , Greece may use the prefix EL .	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
11	Routine movement In the case of routine movements , the competent authority may grant a permit , indicating , where applicable , the requirement for quarantine or pilot release as set out in Chapters IV and V. Non - routine movement 1 .	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
12	The Director of the Agency shall be appointed by the Governing Board on a proposal from the Commission for a term of office of thirty months .	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	Where two or more marketing authorisation holders are involved in the procedure referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article , the Agency shall divide the total amount of the fee among those marketing authorisation holders in accordance with point 2 of Part III of the Annex .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
14	The Agency may , in circumstances clearly defined by the Commission in Guidelines adopted pursuant to Article 18 of Regulation ( EC )	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
15	Esma shall maintain a central database of administrative sanctions communicated to it .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
16	If the Commission considers that amendments to the specific directives in question are necessary in order to remedy the difficulties mentioned in paragraph 1 and to ensure the protection of human health , it shall initiate the procedure laid down in Article 9 with a view to adopting those amendments	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
17	Where the business reorganisation plan is required to be notified within the Union State aid framework , the resolution authority may extend the period in paragraph 1 up to a maximum of two months since the application of the bail - in tool or until the deadline laid down by the Union State aid framework , whichever occurs earlier .	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
18	In order to ensure the uniform application of this Article , ESMA may develop draft implementing technical standards on standard forms , templates and procedures for the provision of information to the competent authorities in application for registration set out in paragraph 1 and the conditions set out in paragraph 2 .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
19	The Commission shall ensure that the list is kept up to date .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
20	Member States may , at the appropriate level , publish the information referred to in this paragraph .	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
21	it would be unduly burdensome for the institution to implement a rating system for these counterparties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
22	Eba shall monitor the range of practices in this area and , in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation ( EU )	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
23	In the event of a change in the particulars communicated in accordance with the first subparagraph of paragraph 3 , the authorities of the home Member State shall inform the authorities of the host Member State accordingly .	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
24	rules relating to the available solvency margin , required solvency margin and the minimum guarantee fund that the reinsurance undertaking shall maintain in respect of finite reinsurance activities .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
25	The Member State shall provide information on and .	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
26	That supervisory authority shall inform and forward the complete application to the other supervisory authorities within the college of supervisors without delay .	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27	Member States may provide that where the related insurance or reinsurance undertaking has its head office in a Member State other than that of the insurance or reinsurance undertaking for which the group solvency calculation is carried out , the calculation takes account , in respect of the related undertaking , of the Solvency Capital Requirement and the own funds eligible to satisfy that requirement as laid down in that other Member State .	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
28	The Council , acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission , shall adopt rules for the application of this Article .	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
29	Italy shall ensure that at least 60 % of the advi sers given the training specified in Article 7 ( 1 ) work in the Mezzogiorno .	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
30	The Member States and the Commission shall , cooperate closely to ensure that this Regulation is complied with .	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
31	If no opinion is delivered , the Commission shall without delay submit to the Council a proposal relating to the measures to be taken	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
32	By way of derogation from the provisions of Article 11 of Directive 2001/20 / EC , the Agency shall make public part of the information on paediatric clinical trials entered in the European database .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
33	eu - LISA has declared the successful completion of a comprehensive test of the CRRS , which it has conducted in cooperation with the Member States authorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
34	Subject to Articles 1 , 4 and 6 , the ECB shall cooperate closely with any public financial assistance facility including the European Financial Stability Facility ( EFSF ) and the ESM , in particular where such a facility has granted or is likely to grant , direct or indirect financial assistance to a credit institution which is subject to Article 4 .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
35	The ESA shall , through the Joint Committee , issue the common guidelines referred to in Article 3(8 ) , Article 7(5 ) , Article 8(5 ) , Article 9(6 ) , the third subparagraph of Article 11(1 ) , Article 12b and Article 21(4 ) in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 56 of Regulation ( EU )	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
36	Competent authority of the Member States may require from the applicant further information concerning both the particulars supplied pursuant to and the qualified person referred to in	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
37	Each Member State shall ensure that importers of the product concerned have free access to the quota for such time as the residual balance of the quota volume	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38	And ( b ) the data needed for adjustment of the amounts paid provisionally in respect of the financial year for which final results are known .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39	In making that decision , the competent authority shall have regard , inter alia , to the nature , extent and gravity of the various instances of environmental damage concerned , and to the possibility of natural recovery .	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40	the needs of the health care systems of the Member States , and where possible , compatibility with other medical device identification systems that are used by stakeholders .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
41	At the end of each visit , the Agency shall draw up a report and .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
42	The border authorities shall be entitled to request further clarification on the grounds for the temporary impossibility to give fingerprints .	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43	Assessment of joint deployment plans The Agency shall undertake an annual assessment of the effectiveness of each joint deployment plan , as well as an analysis , on the basis of the available evidence , of the existence of a risk that fishing activities are not compliant with applicable control measures .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
44	Implementing measures In accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 40(3 ) , the Commission shall adopt the implementing measures designed to amend non - essential elements of this Chapter by supplementing it by specifying the time - limits provided for in Articles 28 and 35 .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
45	Where the conversion fee has not been paid within the relevant period of three months pursuant to Article 139(4 ) , ( 5 ) or ( 6 ) , the Office shall inform the applicant that the request for conversion is deemed not to have been filed .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
46	If no opinion is delivered , the Commission shall , without delay , submit to the Council a proposal relating to the measures to be taken .	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
47	The competent authority shall immediately communicate to the Commission and the competent authorities of the other Member States the measures taken and any supporting data .	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
48	The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
49	Member States may decide that the advertising of a medicinal product to persons qualified to prescribe or supply such products may , notwithstanding paragraph 1 , include only the name of the medicinal product , or its international non - proprietary name , where this exists , or the trademark , if it is intended solely as a reminder . "	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50	Competent authorities of different Member States shall cooperate with each other whenever necessary for the purpose of carrying out their duties under this Directive , making use of their powers , whether set out in this Directive or in national law .	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
51	If the Commission does not request consultation within five working days after receiving the information referred to in paragraph 2 and has received no requests for consultation from a Member State by the end of that period , it shall inform the Member State concerned , which may then put the proposed measure into effect .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
52	However , if these measures are not in accordance with the opinion of the committee , they shall be communicated by the Commission to the Council forthwith .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
53	national regulatory authorities shall inform the national competition authority of their Member State , the Commission and the Agency where they have reasonable grounds to suspect that acts are being , or have been , carried out on wholesale energy market which are likely to constitute a breach of competition law .	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54	The customs authorities shall grant the release of the goods or .	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55	Where Union law contains provisions for the Authority to provide a scientific output , including a scientific opinion , the staff of the Authority shall , at the request of a potential applicant or notifier , provide advice on the rules applicable to , and the content required for , the application or notification , prior to its submission .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
56	Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2 , the administration of justice or the authority competent to decide on the disclosure of records according to national law may decide that the benefits of the disclosure of the records referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 for any other purposes permitted by law outweigh the adverse domestic and international impact that such action may have on that or any future safety investigation .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
57	The Commission shall , by means of implementing acts , amend the implementing acts referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this Article where the results of an assessment show that : ( a ) a pest not listed in the implementing act referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article fulfils the conditions referred to in Article 36	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
58	If a competent authority considers or has reason to believe that a device has caused damage , it shall , upon request , facilitate the provision of the information and documentation referred to in the first subparagraph to the potentially injured patient or user and , as appropriate , the patient 's or user 's successor in title , the patient 's or user 's health insurance company or other third parties affected by the damage caused to the patient or user , without prejudice to data protection rules and , unless there is an overriding public interest in disclosure , without prejudice to the protection of intellectual property rights .	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
59	In order to ensure uniform conditions of application of this Article , EBA shall develop draft implementing technical standards to establish standard forms , templates and procedures for such notification .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
60	Any decision as to the invalidity of a marriage taken under the Treaty referred to in paragraph 1 shall be recognised in the Member States on the conditions laid down in Chapter III , Section 1.3 .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61	The supervisory authorities shall cooperate closely to ensure that such sanctions or measures are effective , especially when the central administration or main establishment of an insurance holding company is not located at its head office .	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
62	The Commission shall promote the preparation of European standards relating to the control of leakages and to the recovery of substances leaking from commercial and industrial air - conditioning and refrigeration equipment , from fire - protection systems and from equipment containing solvents as well as , as appropriate , to technical requirements with respect to the leakproofness of refrigeration systems.2 .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
63	The competent authority shall ensure that the transfer is necessary for the purpose of this Regulation and that the third country does not transfer the data to another third country unless it is given express written authorisation and complies with the conditions specified by the competent authority of the Member State .	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
64	The Council , acting on a proposal from the Commis sion , shall decide whether it should be extended or amended .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
65	Member States shall cooperate with and .	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
66	Member States shall cooperate with neighbouring Member States where necessary to ensure adequate coverage of the TEN - T Core Network .	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
67	If appropriate , the Commission shall present draft measures .	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
68	The Council shall , acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission , adopt before 31 December 1992 veterinary and animal health rules applicable to the treatment of certain types of waste intended to be marketed locally as feedstuffs for certain animal categories .	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
69	The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
70	Within two months following receipt of any draft the Commission shall , after consulting the Standing Committee on Agricultural Structure , issue an opinion thereon .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
71	The Commission shall list them in the register provided for in Article 104 of this Regulation .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
72	ask the flag Member State to notify the owner and , where appropriate , the operator of the fishing vessel concerned of the detailed statement of reasons for the intended listing and of the consequences which would result should the vessel be included in the Community IUU vessel list , as laid down in Article 37 .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
73	The authorities of the Member State of import shall issue the import authorization in conformity with the rules and procedures established in Council Regulation ( EEC )	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
74	The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
75	The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of powers not later than nine months before the end of the four - year period .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
76	if no opinion is deli vered , the Commission shall , without delay , submit to the Council a proposal relating to the measures to be taken	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
77	The Commission shall take the decision referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article within 180 days of receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
78	The competent authorities of the Member States shall cooperate with each other and with ESMA and the ESRB whenever necessary for the purpose of carrying out their duties under this Directive or of exercising their powers under this Directive or under national law .	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
79	However , for proceedings initiated pursuant to Article 5 ( 9 ) , the references to time limits shall only apply after a date which the Council shall specify in a Decision to be adopted by a qualified majority no later than 1 April 1995 on the basis of a Commission proposal to be submitted to the Council once the necessary budgetary resources have been made available .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
80	The Commission , the Agency and the competent authorities of the Member States shall , in collaboration , participate regularly in the exchange and analysis of information contained in the European Central Repository .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
81	" order to ensure that the objectives set out in are met in the appropriate manner , the Agency shall perform the following tasks:(a )	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
82	in respect of the posting of workers , the requirements laid down by Member States in accordance with Directive 96/71 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 15 )	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
83	no liability to the holder of the relevant capital instrument shall remain under or in connection with that amount of the instrument , which has been written down , except for any liability already accrued , and any liability for damages that may arise as a result of an appeal challenging the legality of the exercise of the write - down power	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
84	Inform the Commission in order to facilitate the adoption of any such prohibition or restriction	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
85	Each Member State shall determine the maximum number of hours per week or days or months per year allowed for such an activity , which shall not be less than 15 hours per week , or the equivalent in days or months per year .	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
86	If a Member State , after exhausting its second share , has used 90 % or more of the third share drawn by it , that Member State shall , in the manner and to the extent provided in paragraph 1 , draw a fourth share equal to the third .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
87	The competent authorities responsible for exercising supervision on a consolidated basis may recognize the validity of the specific own - funds definitions applicable to the institutions concerned under Annex V in the calculation of their consolidated own funds .	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
88	Member States may allow public authorities that supply spatial data sets and services to license them to , and/or .	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
89	The competent authorities may , however , require that the prospectus include information specific to the market of the country of admission concerning , in particular , the income tax system , the financial organizations retained to act as paying agents for the issuer in the country of admission and the ways in which notices to investors are published .	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
90	of the Madrid Protocol or if any such refusal has been withdrawn , the Office shall publish this fact , together with the number of the international registration and , where applicable , the date of publication of such registration in the Gazette published by the International Bureau	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
91	Within 30 days of its adoption , the Agency shall forward the final opinion of the Committee to the Member States , the Commission and the person responsible for placing the veterinary medicinal product on the market together with a report describing the assessment of the veterinary medicinal product and the reasons for its conclusions .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
92	The Member States and the Commission shall collaborate closely in order to ensure that this Regulation is observed .	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
93	The transitional period laid down in paragraph 1 may be extended by the European Parliament and the Council , acting on a proposal from the Commission in accordance with the Treaty .	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
94	The Commission shall subsequently , after consulting BEREC , submit biennial reports to the European Parliament and to the Council , accompanied , if appropriate , by a legislative proposal to amend the maximum wholesale charges for regulated roaming services laid down in this Regulation .	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0
95	The Member States and the Commission shall cooperate closely to ensure that this Regulation is complied with .	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
96	In order to ensure effective competition , national regulatory authorities shall ensure that the procedures for allocating individual numbers and/or numbering ranges are transparent , equitable and timely and the allocation is carried out in an objective , transparent and non - discriminatory manner .	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
97	Esma shall , within 24 hours , issue an opinion on whether it considers that the more restrictive position limits are necessary to address the exceptional case .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
98	The Agency shall , upon request , inform any person concerned of the final decision .	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
99	Member States shall encourage operators and animal professionals to acquire , .	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

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Dataset Card

Dataset Details

Description

This dataset provides manually annotated legal sentences identifying delegating and constraining provisions in European Union secondary legislation (directives and regulations, 1958–2019). Each sentence is labeled according to whether it confers or limits policy authority to four executive actors:

Member States (MS)
National competent authorities (NCA)
The European Commission (COM)
Supranational agencies (AGE)

The annotations also include soft obligations, soft implementation powers, and agenda-setting prerogatives, reflecting provisions that impose or enable non-binding cooperation and coordination duties. The dataset underpins the paper:

Franchino, F., Migliorati, M., Pagano, G., & Vignoli, V. (2025). Identifying Delegation and Constraints in Legislative Texts: A Computational Method Applied to the European Union. European Union Politics.

It supports both rule-based and transformer-based approaches to the computational analysis of EU law.

Curated by: Fabio Franchino, Marta Migliorati, Giovanni Pagano, Valerio Vignoli
Affiliations: University of Milan, ETH Zürich, University of Siena
Language(s): English
License: CC BY 4.0
Source: Processed from the CEPS Eur-Lex corpus (Borrett & Laurer, 2019)
Paper: European Union Politics, 2025 (forthcoming)
Related Models:

Uses

Direct Use

Training or evaluating multilabel legal text classifiers (rule-based or transformer-based), namely applications for detecting delegation and constraint detection in legal corpora
Studying the distribution of executive discretion across EU actors and legislative instruments

Dataset Structure

Column	Description
`id_coder`	Sentence identifier
`text`	Legal sentence from EU legislation
`del_ms`	Delegation to Member States
`con_ms`	Constraint on Member States
`so_ms`	Soft obligation for Member States
`del_nca`	Delegation to national competent authorities
`con_nca`	Constraint on national competent authorities
`so_nca`	Soft obligation for national competent authorities
`agenda`	Agenda-setting prerogative of the Commission
`del_com`	Delegation to the Commission
`si_com`	Soft implementation power for the Commission
`con_com`	Constraint on the Commission
`del_age`	Delegation to supranational agencies
`si_age`	Soft implementation power for supranational agencies
`con_age`	Constraint on supranational agencies

Each variable is binary (1 = present, 0 = absent). Sentences may belong to multiple categories (multi-label).

Split: single annotated set (train) of 3,000 manually coded sentences
Format: CSV and Parquet
Annotation unit: legal sentence
Annotation mode: expert-coded following rule-based extraction manual

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

The dataset was created to support the development and validation of computational methods to detect delegation and constraint in legislative texts, bridging legal interpretation and natural language processing. It complements the larger machine-classified corpus (9,319 EU acts) generated by the rule-based extraction pipeline presented in Franchino, F., Migliorati, M., Pagano, G., & Vignoli, V. (2025). Identifying Delegation and Constraints in Legislative Texts: A Computational Method Applied to the European Union. European Union Politics.

Source Data

Sentences were drawn from the CEPS Eur-Lex corpus (1958–2019).

Pre-Processing

Pre-processing removed preambles and signatures, tokenized the enacting terms, and segmented sentences by syntactic boundaries.

Annotations

Manual annotation was performed by the authors and research assistants trained in EU law and politics. Each category includes 200 positive examples (plus 400 negatives). Inter-coder reliability reached κ = 0.9 between lead coders.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

The dataset focuses on the syntactic and semantic cues of delegation and constraint within EU law.

Citation

APA Franchino, F., Migliorati, M., Pagano, G., & Vignoli, V. (2025). Identifying Delegation and Constraints in Legislative Texts: A Computational Method Applied to the European Union. European Union Politics.

BibTeX

@article{franchino2025delegation,
  title={Identifying Delegation and Constraints in Legislative Texts: A Computational Method Applied to the European Union},
  author={Franchino, Fabio and Migliorati, Marta and Pagano, Giovanni and Vignoli, Valerio},
  journal={European Union Politics},
  year={2025}
}

Dataset Card Authors

Giovanni Pagano

Dataset Card Contact

giovanni.pagano@unimi.it

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Size of downloaded dataset files:

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Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

310 kB

Number of rows:

3,000

Models trained or fine-tuned on giovannip/eu-delegation-constraints-annotations