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Dr. Frank Drake , then at Cornell University and creator of the Drake equation , wrote the message with help from Carl Sagan , among others .	Dr. Frank Drake , then at Cornell University and creator of the famous Drake equation , wrote the message , with help from Carl Sagan , among others .
The message forms the image shown on the right , or its inverse , when translated into graphics , characters and spaces .	The message forms the image shown on the right , or its inverse , when translated into graphics characters and spaces .
According to the Cornell News press release of November 12 , 1999 , the real purpose of the message was not to make contact but to demonstrate the capabilities of newly installed equipment .	Cornell University said on November 12 , 1999 , the real purpose of the message was not to make contact , but to show the power of the new equipment .
It was aimed at the globular star cluster M13 some 25,000 light years away because M13 was a large and close collection of stars that was available in the sky at the time and place of the ceremony .	It was aimed at the globular star cluster M13 , about 25,000 light years from Earth .
The alternative arrangement , 23 rows by 73 columns , produces jumbled nonsense .	The other arrangement , 23 rows by 73 columns , does not produce a meaningful result .
The Arecibo message was broadcast into space a single time via frequency modulated radio waves at a ceremony to mark the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico on 16 November 1974 .	The Arecibo message was a short radio message sent into space to celebrate the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974 .
The message consisted of 1,679 binary digits , approximately 210 bytes , transmitted at a frequency of 2,380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz , with a power of 1,000 kW .	It was transmitted at a frequency of 2380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz , with a power of 1000 kW .
The message consists of seven parts that encode the following ( from the top down ) : Because it will take 25,000 years for the message to reach its intended destination ( and an additional 25,000 years for any reply ) , the Arecibo message was more a demonstration of human technological achievement than a real attempt to enter into a conversation with extraterrestrials .	This means the Arecibo message was a show of human technological achievement , not a real attempt to talk to extraterrestrial life .
The link between the main station and the classification yard of La Praille already exists ; from there , the line will go mostly underground to the Hospital and Eaux-Vives , where it will link to the existing line to France .	The link between the main station and the classification yard of La Praille already exists ; from there , the line will go mostly underground to the Hospital and the Eaux-Vives , where it will link up to the existing line to France .
In 2011 , work started on the CEVA ( Cornavin - Eaux-Vives - Annemasse ) project , first planned in 1884 , which will connect Cornavin with the Cantonal hospital , Eaux-Vives station and Annemasse , in France .	In 2005 , work started on the CEVA ( Cornavin - Eaux-Vives - Annemasse ) project , first planned in 1884 , which will connect Cornavin with the Cantonal hospital , the Eaux-Vives station and Annemasse , in France .
Since 1818 , a particular chestnut tree has been used as the official `` herald of the spring '' in Geneva .	Since 1818 , a particular chestnut tree is used as the official `` herald of the spring '' in Geneva .
Mainly focussed on Geneva , Le Courrier is trying to expand into other cantons in Romandy .	Mainly focused on Geneva , Le Courrier is trying to expand into other cantons in Romandy .
Geneva is connected to the motorway systems of both Switzerland ( A1 motorway ) and France .	Geneva is also connected to the motorway systems of both Switzerland ( A1 motorway ) and France .
Both Le Temps ( headquartered in Geneva ) and Le Matin are widely read in Geneva , but cover the whole of Romandy .	Both Le Temps ( headquartered in Geneva ) and Le Matin are widely read in Geneva , but both actually cover the whole of Romandy .
Public transport by boat is provided by the Mouettes Genevoises , which link the two banks of the lake within the city , and by the Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman ( CGN ) which serves more distant destinations such as Nyon , Yvoire , Thonon , Évian , Lausanne and Montreux using both modern diesel vessels and vintage paddle steamers .	Public transport by boat is provided by the Mouettes Genevoises , which link the two banks of the lake within the city , and by the Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman ( CGN ) which serves more distant destinations such as Nyon , Yvoire , Thonon , Evian , Lausanne and Montreux using both modern diesel vessels and vintage paddle steamers .
Le Courrier , founded in 1868 , was originally supported by the Roman Catholic Church , but has been independent since 1996 .	Le Courrier , founded in 1868 , was originally supported by the Roman Catholic Church , but has been completely independent since 1996 .
While both networks cover the whole of Romandy , special programs related to Geneva are sometimes broadcast on some of the local radio frequencies in the case of special events such as elections .	While these networks cover the whole of Romandy , special programs related to Geneva are sometimes broadcast on some of the local frequencies in the case of special events such as elections .
By local tradition , this commemorates the date the news of the St. Bartholomew 's Day massacre of Huguenots reached Geneva .	By local tradition , this commemorates when the news of the St. Bartholomew 's Day massacre of Huguenots reached Geneva .
While this event has no practical effect , the sautier issues a formal press release and the local newspaper will usually mention the news .	While this event has no practical impact , the sautier issues a formal press release and the local newspaper will usually mention the news .
Geneva is located at 46 ° 12 ' North , 6 ° 09 ' East , at the south-western end of Lake Geneva , where the lake flows back into the Rhône River .	Geneva is located at 46 ° 12 ' North , 6 ° 09 ' East , at the south-western end of Lake Geneva , where the lake meets the Rhône River .
At the city limits , two new stations have been opened since 2002 : Genève-Sécheron ( close to the UN and the Botanical Gardens ) and Lancy-Pont-Rouge .	At the city limits , two new stations have been created since 2002 : Genève-Sécheron ( close to the UN and the Botanical Gardens ) and Lancy-Pont-Rouge .
The city 's main newspaper is the Tribune de Genève , with a readership of about 187,000 , a daily newspaper founded on 1 February 1879 by James T. Bates .	The city 's main newspaper is the Tribune de Genève , a daily newspaper founded on 1 February 1879 by James T. Bates , with a readership of about 187,000 .
Other local radio stations broadcast from the city , including YesFM ( FM 91.8 MHz ) , Radio Cité ( Non-commercial radio , FM 92.2 MHz ) , OneFM ( FM 107.0 MHz , also broadcast in Vaud ) , and World Radio Switzerland ( FM 88.4 MHz ) .	Other local station broadcast from the city , including RadioLac ( FM 91.8 MHz ) , Radio Cité ( Non-commercial radio , FM 92.2 MHz ) , OneFM ( FM 107.0 MHz , also broadcast in Vaud ) , and World Radio Geneva ( FM 88.4 MHz ) , Switzerland 's only English-language radio station .
In 2008 , the first bud also appeared very early , on 19 February .	In 2007 , the first bud appeared on 2 March .
Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva , it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva .	It is situated where the Rhône River leaves Lake Geneva ( French Lac Léman ) and is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva .
The city is served by the Geneva Cointrin International Airport .	Geneva is also home of the Genève-Servette Hockey Club , who play in the Swiss Nationalliga A . The city is served by the Geneva Cointrin International Airport .
Trains operated by Swiss Federal Railways connect the airport to the main station of Cornavin in six minutes , and carry on to towns such as Nyon , Lausanne , Fribourg , Montreux , Neuchâtel , Bern , Sion and Sierre .	Trains operated by SBB connect the airport to the main station of Cornavin in six minutes , and carry on to towns such as Nyon , Lausanne , Fribourg , Montreux , Neuchâtel , Berne , Sion , Sierre , etc. .
A 2009 survey by Mercer found that Geneva has the third-highest quality of life of any city in the world ( behind Vienna and Zurich for expatriates ; it is narrowly outranked by Zurich ) .	A 2007 survey found Geneva to have the second highest quality of living in the world ( narrowly outranked by Zürich ) .
Geneva is a global city , a financial center , and worldwide center for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations , including the headquarters of many of the agencies of the United Nations and the Red Cross .	There are many international organizations in Geneva , including the headquarters of many of the agencies of the United Nations and of the Red Cross .
The altitude of Geneva is 373.6 metres ( 1,225.7 ft ) , and corresponds to the altitude of the largest of the Pierres du Niton , two large rocks emerging from the lake which date from the last ice age .	The altitude of Geneva is 373.6 m . That is the altitude of the largest of the Pierres du Niton , two large rocks in the lake , are used as the reference point for all surveying in Switzerland .
Among its most prominent residents were Senator Thomas Hart Benton , Vice President John C. Calhoun , and Daniel Webster .	Among its most prominent residents were Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton , Vice President John C. Calhoun , and Daniel Webster .
As of 2006 , however , nearly all of the rowhouses in the area were gone , with the remaining houses mostly centered around the intersection of 5th and D Streets .	As of 2006 , however , nearly all of the once plentiful rowhouses in the area were gone , with the remaining houses mostly centered around the intersection of 5th and D Streets .
Its proximity to the courthouses drew lawyers , judges , and clerks to the neighborhood , while its location between the White House and the United States Capitol made it ideal for government employees .	Its proximity to the courthouses drew a number of lawyers , judges , and clerks to the neighborhood , while its location between the White House and the Capitol made it ideal for government employees .
Around the turn of the 20th century , the eastern side of Judiciary Square became an enclave of Italian immigrants in Washington ; the equivalent of a Little Italy , although it was never called that .	Around the turn of the 20th century , the eastern side of Judiciary Square became an enclave of Italian immigrants in Washington - the equivalent of a Little Italy ( although it was never called that ) .
The neighborhood is served by the Judiciary Square station on the Red Line of the Washington Metro .	Among the buildings in Judiciary Square are : The neighborhood is served by the Judiciary Square station on the Red Line of the Washington Metro .
The Holy Rosary Church remains standing and continues to draw a heavily Italian congregation along with its `` Casa Italia '' cultural center next door .	Today the former Italian enclave is dominated by Federal office buildings and law offices for the trial attorneys who argue in Judiciary Square courthouses , although Holy Rosary Church remains standing and continues to draw a heavily Italian congregation along with its `` Casa Italia '' cultural center next door .
Judiciary Square is located roughly between Pennsylvania Avenue to the south , H Street to the north , 6th Street to the west , and the Interstate 395 access tunnel to the east .	Judiciary Square is roughly between Pennsylvania Avenue to the south , H Street NW to the north , 6th Street to the west , and the I-395 access tunnel to the east .
The center of the neighborhood is an actual plaza named Judiciary Square .	The center of the Judiciary Square neighborhood is an actual plaza by the name of Judiciary Square , so named because it is adjacent to or inclusive of most of the courthouse buildings in the area .
During the first half of the 19th century , Judiciary Square had a heavily residential population .	During the first half of the 19th century , Judiciary Square was mostly residential .
Judiciary Square is a neighborhood in Northwest Washington , D.C. , the vast majority of which is occupied by various federal and municipal courthouses and office buildings .	Judiciary Square is a neighborhood in Northwest Washington , D.C. .
The square itself is bounded by 4th Street to east , 5th Street to the west , D Street to the south , and F Street to the north .	The square is between 4th and 5th Streets , with D Street to the south and F Street to the north .
This prompted widespread criticism and condemnation both by the United States Congress and in the international press .	This prompted widespread criticism and condemnation both by Congress and in the international press .
Lasting just 13 days , it is considered to be one of the shortest wars in history .	Lasting just 13 days , it is considered one of the shortest wars in history .
It has been documented that President Nixon requested Iran and Jordan to send their F-86 , F-104 and F-5 fighter jets in aid of Pakistan .	President Nixon requested Iran and Jordan to send their F-86 , F-104 and F-5 fighter jets in aid of Pakistan .
On 6 and 13 December , the Soviet Navy dispatched two groups of cruisers and destroyers and a submarine armed with nuclear missiles from Vladivostok ; they trailed US Task Force 74 into the Indian Ocean from 18 December 1971 until 7 January 1972 .	On 6 December and 13 December , the Soviet Navy dispatched two groups of cruisers and destroyers and a submarine armed with nuclear missiles from Vladivostok ; they trailed U.S. Task Force 74 into the Indian Ocean from 18 December 1971 until 7 January 1972 .
When Pakistan 's defeat in the eastern sector seemed certain , Nixon deployed Task Force 74 led by the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise into the Bay of Bengal .	When Pakistan 's defeat in the eastern sector seemed certain , Nixon deployed a carrier battle group led by the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise into the Bay of Bengal .
Pakistan was a close ally of the People 's Republic of China , with whom Nixon had been negotiating a rapprochement and where he intended to visit in February 1972 .	Pakistan was a close ally of the People 's Republic of China , with whom Nixon had been negotiating a rapprochement .
During the course of the war , Indian and Pakistani forces clashed on the eastern and western fronts .	During the war , Indian and Pakistani forces fought on the eastern and western fronts .
Nixon feared that an Indian invasion of West Pakistan would mean total Soviet domination of the region , and that it would seriously undermine the global position of the United States and the regional position of America 's new tacit ally , China .	It would seriously undermine the global position of the United States and the regional position of America 's new tacit ally , China .
Then-US ambassador to the United Nations George H.W. Bush-later 41st President of the United States-introduced a resolution in the UN Security Council calling for a cease-fire and the withdrawal of armed forces by India and Pakistan .	The United States introduced a resolution in the UN Security Council calling for a cease-fire and the withdrawal of armed forces by India and Pakistan .
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was the direct military confrontation between India and Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 .	The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan .
The war effectively came to an end after the Eastern Command of the Pakistani Armed Forces signed the Instrument of Surrender , on 16 December 1971 in Dhaka , marking the liberation of the new nation of Bangladesh .	The war effectively came to an end after the Eastern Command of the Pakistani Armed Forces signed the Instrument of Surrender ( 1971 ) on December 16 , 1971 .
According to a Russian documentary , the United Kingdom deployed a carrier battle group led by the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle to the Bay , although this is unlikely as the Eagle was decommissioned at Portsmouth , England in January 1972 .	According to a Russian documentary , the United Kingdom deployed a carrier battle group led by the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle to the Bay .
The Soviet Union sympathised with the Bangladeshis , and supported the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini during the war , recognizing that the independence of Bangladesh would weaken the position of its rivals-the United States and China .	The Soviet Union sided with the Bangladeshis , and supported the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini during the war .
Nixon encouraged countries like Jordan and Iran to send military supplies to Pakistan while also encouraging China to increase its arms supplies to Pakistan .	In order to demonstrate to China the bona fides of the United States as an ally , Nixon sent military supplies to Pakistan , routing them through Jordan and Iran , while also encouraging China to increase its arms supplies to Pakistan .
A desiccant is a hygroscopic ( attracts and holds water ) substance that induces or sustains such a state in its local vicinity in a moderately sealed container .	A desiccant is a hygroscopic ( water-attracting ) substance that causes desiccation in a moderately sealed container .
He is most famous for alerting the Colonial militia to the approach of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord , as dramatized in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's poem , `` Paul Revere 's Ride . ''	He is most famous for alerting Colonial militia of approaching British forces before the Battles of Lexington and Concord .
In 1861 , over 40 years after Revere 's death , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow made the midnight ride the subject of his poem `` Paul Revere 's Ride '' which opens : Longfellow 's poem is not historically accurate , but the inaccuracies were deliberate .	Revere is the subject of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's 1861 poem , `` Paul Revere 's Ride '' .
He is buried in the Granary Burying Ground on Tremont Street .	He died in Boston , and was buried in the Granary Burying Ground .
In 1765 , a group of militants who would become known as the `` Sons of Liberty '' formed , which Revere was a member of .	Revere was a member of a group called Sons of Liberty .
Paul Revere ( \ / rɪˈvɪər \ / ; December 21 , 1734 O.S. - May 10 , 1818 ) was an American silversmith , engraver , early industrialist , and a patriot in the American Revolution .	Paul Revere ( 21 December 1734 - 10 May 1818 ) was an early United States patriot .
Dawes also escaped , though he fell off his horse not long after and did not complete the ride .	Revere ran away on foot , leaving his horse behind .
Lynch has won France 's César Award for Best Foreign Film twice , as well as the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and a Golden Lion award for lifetime achievement at the Venice Film Festival .	Lynch has twice won France 's César Award for Best Foreign Film , as well as the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival .
David Keith Lynch ( born January 20 , 1946 ) is an American film director , television director , visual artist , musician and occasional actor .	David Lynch ( born January 20 , 1946 ) is an American independent movie director .
Geography is divided into two main branches : human geography and physical geography .	Geography is divided into two main parts called physical geography and human geography .
The first person to use the word `` geography '' was Eratosthenes ( 276-194 BC ) .	The word was first used by a scientist called Eratosthenes ( 276-194 B.C. ) .
`` earth description '' ) is a field of science dedicated to the study of the lands , the features , the inhabitants , and the phenomena of the Earth .	Geography is the study of the Earth and its features , its inhabitants , and its phenomena .
Punk bands created fast , hard-edged music , typically with short songs , stripped-down instrumentation , and often political , anti-establishment lyrics .	They created fast , hard-edged music , with short songs , stripped-down instrumentation , and often political , anti-establishment lyrics .
had become the predominant mode of punk rock .	Punk rock is a style of music .
It was n't verse-chorus rock .	Punk rock ( or `` punk '' ) is a music genre related to rock music .
New Atelopus species are discovered with some regularity and many new species have been described in the last decade .	New Atelopus species are discovered with some regularity .
While threatened by habitat loss , pollution and introduced species , the primary cause of these declines appears to be the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis .	The cause of these declines mostly appears to be the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis .
Atelopus is a large genus of true toads , commonly known as harlequin toads or stubfoot toads , from Central and South America , ranging as far north as Costa Rica and as far south as Bolivia .	Atelopus , commonly known as harlequin frogs , is a large genus of true toads .
This genus has been greatly affected by amphibian declines , and many species are now considered endangered , while others already are extinct .	Many species are now considered endangered , while others already are extinct .
Atelopus species are small , generally brightly colored , and diurnal .	Atelopus are small , generally brightly colored and diurnal .
Most species are associated with mid - to high-elevation streams .	Most species live near mid - to high-elevation streams .
Classical Chinese poets were often associated with drinking wine , and Li Bai was part of the group of Chinese scholars in Chang ` an his fellow poet Du Fu called the `` Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup . ''	His fellow poet Du Fu counted him to the group of Chinese scholars that he called the `` Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup '' in a poem .
He was born somewhere in Central Asia .	Li Bai was probably born in Central Asia , though the exact location is unknown .
Li Bai is well known for the technical virtuosity of his poetry and the mastery of his verses .	Li Bai is best known for the imagination and Taoist imagery in his poetry .
There is a long and sometimes fanciful tradition regarding his death , from uncertain sources , that Li Bai drowned after falling from his boat when he tried to embrace the reflection of the moon in the Yangtze River , something later believed by Herbert Giles .	People tell the story that he fell from his boat when he tried to embrace the reflection of the moon , and therefore drowned in the Yangtze River .
Gustavo Dudamel has been the orchestra 's artistic director since 1999 .	The conductor Gustavo Dudamel has been the orchestra 's artistic director since 1999 .
The Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar ( Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra ) is a Venezuelan orchestra .	The Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar ( Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra ) is a youth orchestra from Venezuela .
Voigt died in Luxembourg in 1922 .	Voigt died in Luxembourg .
Then he took a train to Köpenick , east of Berlin , occupied the local city hall with his soldiers and told them to cover all exits .	Then he took a train with the soldiers to Köpenick , east of Berlin , occupied the local city hall and told the soldiers to guard all the exits .
He took the uniform out of baggage storage , put it on and went to the local army barracks , stopped four grenadiers and a sergeant on their way back to barracks and told them to come with him .	He put on the captain 's uniform and went to the local army barracks , stopped four grenadiers and a sergeant on their way back to barracks and told them to come with him .
He had resigned from the shoe factory ten days previously .	He had resigned from the shoe factory ten days before .
He told the remaining guards to stand in their places for half an hour and then left for the train station .	He told the remaining guards to stand in their places for half an hour .
He later changed into civilian clothes and disappeared .	Later he changed back into ordinary clothes and disappeared .
He worked briefly as a court shoemaker until , on 24 August 1906 , police expelled him from Berlin as undesirable , based solely on the fact that he was a former prisoner .	He worked briefly as a court shoemaker until , on August 24 , 1906 , police expelled him from Berlin as an `` undesirable '' ( someone who is not wanted ) .
He had purchased parts of used captain 's uniforms from different shops and tested their effect on soldiers .	He had bought parts of a captain 's uniform from different shops .
On 16 October 1906 Voigt was ready for his next caper .	On October 16 1906 Voigt was ready for the big adventure that made him famous .
He also ended up in Madame Tussaud 's museum in London .	A waxwork was made of him in Madame Tussaud 's museum in London .
Two years later , he bought a house and retired , but post-World War I inflation ruined his wealth .	Two years later , he bought a house and retired , but the inflation after World War I made him poor .
German Kaiser Wilhelm II pardoned him on August 16 , 1908 .	Even the Emperor Wilhelm II was probably amused by it and he pardoned him on August 16 , 1908 .
Voigt was arrested on 26 October and on 1 December sentenced to four years in prison for forgery , impersonating an officer and wrongful imprisonment .	Voigt was arrested on October 26 and on December 1 he was sentenced to four years in prison for forgery , impersonating ( pretending to be ) an officer and wrongful imprisonment .
He told the local police to `` care for law and order '' and to `` prevent calls to Berlin for one hour '' at the local post office .	He told the local Police to go and look for people breaking the law , and told the local Post Office not to let anyone make telephone calls to Berlin for an hour ( this was in the early days of the telephone when people could not dial numbers automatically : they had to ask the Post Office to make the connection ) .
Indoctrinated to obey officers without question , they followed .	These soldiers had been taught to obey officers without asking any questions , so they did what they were told .
He dismissed the commanding sergeant to report to his superiors and later commandeered 6 more soldiers from a shooting range .	He told the commanding sergeant to report to his boss , and told 6 more soldiers to come with him .
Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison , July 9 , 1964 ) is an American singer-songwriter , musician , actress , and artist .	Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison on July 9 , 1964 ) is an American rock musician and Golden Globe-nominated actress .
Nobody 's Daughter was released worldwide as a Hole album on April 27 , 2010 .	Hole 's last album Nobody 's Daughter was released on April 27 , 2010 .

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