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Let them tangibly feel the money go through their hands.
Permítanles sentir el dinero concreto entre sus manos.
en-es
Let them succeed or fail with minor consequences so that later in life, when they're making the major decisions, they understand there are major consequences that go along.
Déjenlos tener éxito o fallar con consecuencias menores para que más tarde en la vida, cuando tomen decisiones mayores, sepan que van acompañadas de consecuencias importantes.
en-es
For older kids, it's this: set a budgeted amount for school clothes, supplies and what-have-you, give them that amount, and when they are done spending it, it's done.
С детьми постарше поступайте так: определите бюджет для школьной одежды, принадлежностей и прочего. Дайте детям эту сумму, и когда они потратят её, не давайте больше.
en-ru
And here's the key; they get to spend it with your subtle guidance, your subtle mentorship, your subtle supervision, and whether you call it an allowance, you call it commission for chores or you call it a weekly stipend, every single child, from the age of five on up, needs to be given some tangible amount of money on a weekly basis so that they understand how to function in a cashless society someday.
И вот что важно: они будут тратить деньги под вашим чутким руководством, под вашим наставничеством и контролем. И назовёте ли вы это карманными деньгами, комиссионными за работу по дому, или еженедельной стипендией, каждому ребёнку от 5 лет и старше нужно давать осязаемую сумму денег на еженедельной основе. Чтобы они поняли, как жить в безналичном обществе, когда придёт время.
en-ru
Better to teach the young the habit of saving when they have a little bit of money to save than try to teach savings when they have no money because they're in over their head.
Det er bedre å lære de yngste om sparing mens de har penger de kan spare, enn å lære dem sparing når de ikke har penger fordi de har brukt over evne.
en-nb
I met an American named José.
Я встретил американца по имени Хозе.
en-ru
He was a 20-year-old student at an American university.
Tenía 20 años, y estudiaba en una universidad de EE.UU.
en-es
He was the child of two Cuban-born parents.
Era hijo de padres nacidos en Cuba.
en-es
At the age of 15, his parents told him, 'José, we will give you food, we will give you shelter and we will give you $50 a month, but the rest is up to you.' I asked him, 'What was that like?' He said, 'Clothing, toiletries, school supplies, entertainment, gas - it was all on me.
В возрасте 15 лет родители сказали ему: «Хозе, мы дадим тебе еду, мы дадим тебе кров, и мы дадим тебе $50 в месяц, но остальное зависит от тебя». Я спросил его: «И как это было?» Он ответил: «Одежда, туалетные и школьные принадлежности, развлечения, бензин — всё это было на мне.
en-ru
I resented my parents for a year.
Jeg mislikte foreldrene mine et helt år.
en-nb
I realised it was the single best thing they could have ever done for me.' When I met José at 20, he was on a full-ride scholarship at the university he attended.
Jeg forstod at det var det aller beste de kunne gjort for meg." Da jeg møtte 20-åringen José, fikk han fullt stipend ved universitetet.
en-nb
He had $20,000 saved in a savings account from working part-time in high school, and this kid exuded financial prowess and unmistakable leadership potential.
У него было накоплено 20 000$, заработанных ещё в школе, и этот парень был финансово грамотным и имел лидерский потенциал.
en-ru
At the heart of my message today is this: it does not take a $10,000 board game and it doesn't take cutting kids off financially to make a difference.
Kjernen i min historie i dag er: Du trenger ikke å spille brettspill med 10 000 dollar, eller hindre barna økonomisk for å utgjøre en forskjell.
en-nb
The first step is, honestly, quite easy.
Det første skrittet er ganske enkelt.
en-nb
It's about educating the next generation to make decisions in a world where money is largely an illusion but has very, very real consequences, and the reason it's so important for all of us, as a global society, to do this is this next generation coming up will inherit the global economy that we are handing to them, and we will precariously place it on their shoulders.
Он в том, чтобы научить следующее поколение принимать решения в мире, где деньги иллюзорны, но имеют очень реальные последствия. Причина, почему это так важно для всех нас, заключается в том, что это поколение придёт, чтобы унаследовать ту мировую экономику, которую мы им оставляем. Этот груз будет неустойчив на их плечах.
en-ru
We owe it to them to set them up for financial success.
Мы должны подготовить их для финансового успеха.
en-ru
We can all be allies for each other.
हम सब एक दूसरे के मित्र बन सकते हैं।
en-hi
If you've ever had the suspicion that your vote doesn't really count and the deck might be stacked against you, you might be right.
Si alguna vez han sospechado que su voto no cuenta en realidad y que la mayoría está en su contra, tal vez tengan razón.
en-es
In many places in this country, we don't have a functioning democracy.
Em muitos lugares deste país, não temos uma democracia que funciona.
en-pt-br
People might go to the polls, but they might not have a real choice when they get there.
Le persone possono andare alle urne, ma non hanno una reale scelta una volta che sono lì.
en-it
In 2010, the people of Florida were trying to do something about this.
Nel 2010, in Florida hanno provato a risolvere questa situazione.
en-it
They passed a ballot initiative with almost two-thirds of the vote: a new state constitutional amendment requiring that districts be fair and not biased based on race or party.
Propusieron una iniciativa de votación con dos tercios a favor: una nueva enmienda constitucional que exigía que los distritos fueran justos y no tendenciosos en función de raza o partido.
en-es
The state legislature sued to try and get out of these new requirements, and in subsequent court battles, the maps they made were found to be racially and partisan biased.
O assembleia legislativa entrou na justiça para escapar dos novos requisitos, e nas batalhas judiciais que se seguiram, os mapas que eles elaboraram possuíam vieses raciais e partidários.
en-pt-br
Florida is just one example of our national problem with gerrymandering.
El estado de Florida es sólo un ejemplo de nuestro problema nacional llamado <i>gerrymandering</i>.
en-es
Gerrymandering is when you take a few people from one place and a few people from another place and draw a line around them on the map to create a district with some specific demographic goal.
Il gerrymandering consiste nel prendere un po' di persone da un luogo e un po' da un altro luogo tracciando una linea sulla mappa per creare un distretto con un preciso scopo demografico.
en-it
Here's an example world with 25 people: 60% green people and 40% purple people.
Aquí les muestro un ejemplo en un mapa con 25 personas. El 60 % son verdes y el 40 % son moradas.
en-es
If you split that up into five simple districts of five people each, you can preserve that ratio in the outcome and have three districts won by green people and two districts won by purple people.
Se você dividir esse grupo em cinco distritos de cinco pessoas, é possível preservar essa proporção no resultado final, e ter três distritos com mais representantes verdes, e dois distritos com mais representantes roxos.
en-pt-br
But if you pack enough green people into just two districts, then you can flip that outcome and wind up with three districts where there's a purple majority.
Pero si juntan demasiadas personas verdes en sólo dos distritos, pueden cambiar el resultado a tres distritos con una mayoría morada.
en-es
Or you can crack the purple people and split them up just right so that they don't have a majority anywhere.
Ou você pode dividir as pessoas roxas para que elas não tenham maioria em nenhum lugar.
en-pt-br
These strategies of packing and cracking are being used in dozens of districts throughout the country.
Queste strategie per ammassare o sparpagliare gli elettori sono usate in decine di distretti di tutto il Paese.
en-it
That bright blue district in northeast Florida was found to be racially biased because it packs too many black people into one district, diminishing their influence elsewhere.
Esse distrito azul claro no nordeste da Flórida é racialmente enviesado, pois agrupa muitas pessoas negras em um único distrito, diminuindo sua influência em outros lugares.
en-pt-br
That was Florida in 2012, but gerrymandering has been going on for a long time, since at least 1812, when Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry signed into law a map that was drawn into a political cartoon as a monstrous, dragonesque salamander, and thus was born the gerrymander.
Isso aconteceu na Flórida em 2012, mas a distorção eleitoral acontece há muito mais tempo, pelo menos desde 1812, quando o governador de Massachusetts Elbridge Gerry aprovou um mapa que foi desenhado numa charge como uma salamandra monstruosa, e assim nasceu a manipulação eleitoral.
en-pt-br
But it's gotten a lot worse lately.
Esto empeoró con el tiempo.
en-es
The joke is that instead of voters picking their politicians, politicians are picking their voters.
A piada é que ao invés de eleitores escolherem seus políticos. os políticos estão escolhendo seus eleitores.
en-pt-br
Why is this a problem?
Por que isso é ruim?
en-pt-br
When you have too many seats that are gerrymandered to be safe for one party or another, the political process breaks down in some ways.
Quando você tem muitos cargos que são manipulados para sempre serem de um ou de outro partido, o processo político é danificado.
en-pt-br
I have one personal example.
Lo demostraré con un ejemplo.
en-es
In 2006, I was a webmaster for a congressional campaign in California.
Nel 2006 ero webmaster per una campagna del Congresso, in California.
en-it
We were in a district that was gerrymandered, say, for the other party.
Estábamos en un distrito manipulado, digamos, por el otro partido.
en-es
And the incumbent in that party didn't feel the need to take part in the campaign and wouldn't agree to show up for any debates.
Il rappresentante in carica di quel partito non trovò necessario partecipare alla campagna, e non si presentò ad alcun dibattito.
en-it
He just felt he didn't have to.
Ele achava que não era necessário.
en-pt-br
And our party wouldn't send any help; they figured we were a lost cause.
E il nostro partito non ci mandò aiuti, ci riteneva una causa persa.
en-it
Come election day, the incumbent got the expected 60/40 result.
No dia da eleição, o candidato da situação obteve o resultado esperado.
en-pt-br
In other places, it's even worse.
En otros lugares ha sido peor.
en-es
In 2014, there were 32 congressional districts that went unopposed - no one else on the ballot.
En 2014, en 32 distritos no hubo oposición nadie se presentó a la votación.
en-es
That's over 20 million Americans with no effective choice over who their representative in Congress is.
Son 20 millones de estadounidenses los que no tienen elección real sobre sus representantes en el congreso.
en-es
In some places, the incumbent faces a more extreme challenger from within their own party.
En algunos lugares, el lider político enfrenta un reto mayor dentro de su mismo partido.
en-es
And whether you have an extremist upstart or a long incumbent safe seat, that politician might not feel the need to reach out across the aisle and compromise on anything because they're safe, and the legislative process grinds to a halt, and voters get more cynical.
Se você tiver uma ascensão extremista, ou for um candidato há anos no cargo, o político pode não querer cooperar com o outro partido e se arriscar quando poderia estar seguro, e o processo legislativo se torna muito lento, os eleitores ficam mais céticos.
en-pt-br
What if we could have impartial districts?
E se nós tivéssemos distritos imparciais?
en-pt-br
What if we defined what a good district was mathematically and didn't let anyone else's agenda interfere?
Cosa accadrebbe progettando i distretti in base a una logica matematica, senza lasciare interferire nessuno?
en-it
Florida's map might look something like this.
La mappa della Florida potrebbe apparire così.
en-it
About 10 years ago, computers got powerful enough to solve for this kind of map that follows the legal requirements of having equal population per district, contiguous districts that are each all one piece, and in this case, solving for compact districts that try to tightly represent one location or region.
Circa dieci anni fa, i computer erano abbastanza potenti da elaborare questa mappa che rispetta i requisiti legali di pari popolazione per ogni distretto, che riunisce i distretti contigui in un unico distretto e che, come in questo caso, ridisegna distretti più fitti, che cercano di rappresentare una città o una regione.
en-it
But I didn't know it would work when I started.
Pero al comienzo no sabía si iba a funcionar.
en-es
Previous work in this area had been on tiny toy maps like the one I showed you earlier, and they didn't think it would scale up to a full state worth of data.
Il lavoro precedente in quest'area era stato realizzato su minuscole mappe giocattolo come quella che vi ho mostrato prima e non si pensava di estrapolare quel lavoro a uno Stato.
en-it
But I figured I was a pretty good engineer and I'd give it a shot, and I think it worked out pretty well.
Mas eu achava que era um bom engenheiro, e experimentei, e acho que deu tudo certo.
en-pt-br
So, when the 2010 census data starting coming out, I set my home computer to work, and over the next six months, it came up with 137 maps for state legislature and congressional districts all over the country.
Quando os dados do censo de 2010 começaram a ser divulgados, coloquei o computador de casa em ação, e nos seis meses seguintes, ele criou 137 mapas para assembleias legislativas e distritos congressionais por todo o país.
en-pt-br
And I think the results are pretty good.
Penso che i risultati siano ottimi.
en-it
Let's see another one.
Vediamo un altro esempio, che prima lanciamo col vecchio sistema.
en-it
First, the old way.
Primero, la manera antigua.
en-es
North Carolina has also been in almost constant legal battles since their maps came out a little over four years ago.
Carolina del Norte ha estado en disputas legales constantes casi desde que se elaboraron sus mapas electorales.
en-es
Most recently, they were thrown out for racial bias just as primary season was spinning up.
Recentemente, eles foram descartados por vieses raciais perto do início das eleições.
en-pt-br
New maps were hastily drawn up, and the primary had to be pushed back from March until June.
Se elaboraron nuevos mapas rápidamente, y las elecciones preliminares tuvieron que posponerse de marzo a junio.
en-es
Voters and candidates were left in disarray.
Eleitores e candidatos ficaram a ver navios.
en-pt-br
That red district in the northeast reaches into and around three other districts.
Esse distrito vermelho no nordeste circunda e penetra três outros distritos.
en-pt-br
That pink district in the middle pinches down as narrow as possible while reaching out to grab other areas.
O distrito rosa do centro se afunila ao máximo tentando alcançar outras áreas.
en-pt-br
This is nuts.
È assurdo.
en-it
These are the visual telltales of districts that have been distorted toward some political end.
Tutto questo mostra che i distretti sono stati distorti a fini politici.
en-it
The opposite of a sprawling, non-local gerrymandered map is a compact map, like this.
O oposto de um mapa distorcido, disperso e não local é um mapa compacto, como este.
en-pt-br
I hope you can see the difference.
Pueden notar la diferencia.
en-es
You can also measure it.
También pueden medirlo.
en-es
I measure compactness as the average distance per person to the center of their district.
Establezco la medida como la distancia promedio por persona al centro de su distrito.
en-es
In the old North Carolina map, that distance was 38 miles; in my map, it's 25 miles.
En el antiguo mapa de Carolina del Norte, esa distancia era de 61 km, en mi mapa es de 40 km.
en-es
You can measure how sprawling and non-local a gerrymandered map is and how compact a compact map is.
É possível mensurar a dispersão de um mapa distorcido e a compacidade de um mapa compacto.
en-pt-br
So, it's technically possible.
En resumen, es técnicamente posible.
en-es
How's the political situation?
E politicamente?
en-pt-br
You might expect that there would be some resistance to this kind of change, and there is, but there is also some demand for it.
Potreste aspettarvi una certa resistenza a questo cambiamento, e infatti c'è; ma c'è anche un desiderio di cambiamento.
en-it
The republican governor of Maryland has recently called out for national help in overturning his state's democratic gerrymander.
O governador republicano de Maryland recentemente fez um apelo nacional para anular a dissimulação eleitoral democrática em seu estado.
en-pt-br
That is one of the more contorted messes of tentacled horrors of districts I have seen in any map.
Questo è uno dei pasticci più contorti, di orrori tentacolari distrettuali che io abbia mai visto su una mappa.
en-it
(Laughter) I don't know if this is the best map, but I submit that it is a legally viable map, without some of the obvious runaround and drawbacks of the old map.
que he visto en cualquier mapa. No sé si éste sea el mejor mapa, pero estoy seguro de que es un mapa viable y legal sin muchos de los evidentes rodeos e inconvenientes del otro mapa.
en-es
There are a lot of states with divided government, with the two parties fighting over redistricting.
Ci sono molti Stati con governi divisi, con i due partiti che lottano per la riorganizzazione dei distretti.
en-it
But this shouldn't be something to fight about.
Ma questo non dovrebbe essere motivo di conflitto.
en-it
Redistricting should be a bureaucratic, boring process, where you get in new census data, you turn the crank, and you get out new maps for the next 10 years.
La redistribución distrital debería ser un proceso burocrático y aburrido en el que agregan nuevo datos, mueven la manivela y obtienen nuevos mapas para lo siguientes diez años.
en-es
In the last few years, California, Arizona, Ohio, and Florida have passed reform of one kind or another.
En los últimos años, California, Arizona, Ohio y Florida han aprovado reformas de varios tipos.
en-es
That shows that it's possible.
Isso mostra que é possível.
en-pt-br
Those reforms might not be perfect, and they might still need some tinkering, but we can do it.
Essas reformas podem não ser perfeitas, e talvez precisem ser ajustadas, mas dá pra fazer.
en-pt-br
This is technically possible.
È tecnicamente possibile.
en-it
Open-source software, free and verifiable, running on home computers that anyone can use can solve for these kinds of impartial maps, and the results are pretty good.
Softwares de código fonte aberto, gratuitos e verificáveis, rodando em computadores domésticos que todos podem usar podem elaborar esses mapas imparciais, e os resultados são bons.
en-pt-br
This is politically possible.
Es políticamente posible.
en-es
People want reform - even some elected officials want it.
la gente comune vuole una riforma, e anche alcuni eletti, addirittura.
en-it
And the legal mechanisms are achievable.
E i meccanismi legali sono raggiungibili.
en-it
If we could have a change now, we could have a big effect on the future of our political process.
Se realizzassimo un cambiamento ora, potremmo impattare enormemente sul futuro del nostro processo politico.
en-it
If reform comes to enough places, enough states, we might even be able to get a national standard.
Se a reforma acontecer em lugares suficientes, em estados suficientes, podemos até estabelecer um padrão nacional.
en-pt-br
And a national standard might let us really hold up our core value of equal protection under the law for all.
Y una norma nacional podría sustentar nuestro valor principal: protección equitativa bajo la ley para todos.
en-es
surprising.
是最令人驚訝的。
en-zh-tw
This talk contains mature language Viewer discretion is advised Let's get this out of the way.
[Выступление содержит ненормативную лексику] Давайте сразу перейдём к сути.
en-ru
I'm here because I wrote a book about civility, and because that book came out right around the 2016 American presidential election, I started getting lots of invitations to come and talk about civility and why we need more of it in American politics.
Azért vagyok itt, mert írtam egy könyvet a civilizált viselkedésről, és mivel a könyv pont a 2016-os amerikai elnökválasztás környékén jelent meg, hirtelen sokan megkerestek, hogy beszéljek a civilizáltságról, és arról, miért kélne el több belőle az amerikai politikában.
en-hu
So great.
Estupendo.
en-es
The only problem was that I had written that book about civility because I was convinced that civility is ...
הבעיה היחידה היתה שכתבתי את הספר הזה על תרבותיות כי הייתי משוכנעת שהתרבותיות היא...
en-he
bullshit.
hülyeség.
en-hu
(Laughter) Now, that may sound like a highly uncivil thing to say, and lucky for you, and for my publisher, I did eventually come to change my mind.
(Nevetés) Meglehet, ez nagyon is civilizálatlanul hangzik, és az önök és a kiadóm szerencséjére idővel megváltozott az álláspontom.
en-hu