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And that was, of course, the very common story.
E esta foi, claro, uma história comum.
en-pt-br
Because when you take out that last piece of gold -- and they did incredibly quickly. I mean, if you look at the 1849 Gold Rush -- the entire American river region, within two years -- every stone had been turned. And after that, only big companies who used more sophisticated mining technologies started to take gold out of there.
משום שכשאתה כורה את פיסת הזהב האחרונה-- והם עשו זאת במהירות מרשימה. אני מתכוון,שאם אתם מסתכלים על הבהלה לזהב של שנת 1849 כל אזור הנהר האמריקני, תוך שנתיים-- כל אבן היתה הפוכה. ואחרי זה, רק חברות גדולות שהשתמשו בטכנולוגיות כרייה מתוחכמות יותר החלו להוציא את הזהב לשם.
en-he
So there's a much better analogy that allows you to be incredibly optimistic and that analogy is the electric industry.
Maintenant, il y a une meilleur analogie qui vous permet d'être beaucoup plus optimiste et cette analogie c'est l'industrie électrique
en-fr
And there are a lot of similarities between the Internet and the electric industry.
인터넷과 전기 산업 사이에는 비슷한 점들이 아주 많습니다.
en-ko
With the electric industry you actually have to -- one of them is that they're both sort of thin, horizontal, enabling layers that go across lots of different industries.
Avec l'industrie électrique, en fait, vous devez - une d'elles est qu'elles sont toutes deux une sorte de couche d'activité étroite et horizontale, transversale à de nombreuses industries.
en-fr
It's not a specific thing.
זה לא דבר ספציפי.
en-he
But electricity is also very, very broad, so you have to sort of narrow it down.
Elektrizität ist aber sehr, sehr breit, man muss sie also quasi eingrenzen.
en-de
You know, it can be used as an incredible means of transmitting power.
Het is een geweldige methode om kracht over te brengen.
en-nl
It's an incredible means of coordinating, in a very fine-grained way, information flows.
Este un mijloc incredibil de coordonare, într-un mod foarte fin granulat, fluxurile de informaţii.
en-ro
There's a bunch of things that are interesting about electricity.
Az elektromosságnak rengeteg érdekes tulajdonsága van.
en-hu
And the part of the electric revolution that I want to focus on is sort of the golden age of appliances.
我所关注的电力革命 只是那些“黄金时代”中的器械装置
en-zh-cn
The killer app that got the world ready for appliances was the light bulb.
De 'killer app' die de wereld klaarstoomde voor apparaten was de gloeilamp.
en-nl
So the light bulb is what wired the world.
Az izzólámpa kábelezte be a világot.
en-hu
And they weren't thinking about appliances when they wired the world.
Дори не мислели за уреди, когато окабелили света.
en-bg
They were really thinking about -- they weren't putting electricity into the home; they were putting lighting into the home.
הם באמת חשבו על-- הם לא התקינו חשמל בתוך הבית. הם התקינו תאורה בתוך הבית.
en-he
And, but it really -- it got the electricity. It took a long time.
Но это действительно… привело электричество. Этот процесс был очень длительным.
en-ru
This was a huge -- as you would expect -- a huge capital build out.
Mas demorou. Foi um grande investimento. Como era de se esperar.
en-pt-br
All the streets had to be torn up.
كل الطرق يجب أن يتم حفرُها.
en-ar
This is work going on down in lower Manhattan where they built some of the first electric power generating stations.
Ce travail était en cours jusque dans le bas Manhattan là où ils construisirent quelques une des premières stations électriques.
en-fr
And they're tearing up all the streets.
A oni su razrovali sve ulice.
en-hr
The Edison Electric Company, which became Edison General Electric, which became General Electric, paid for all of this digging up of the streets. It was incredibly expensive.
شركة إديسون للكهرباء، التي صارت إديسون العامة للكهرباء، والتي صارت - بدورها - الكهرباء العامة، قامت بتحمّل نفقات هذا الحفر الذي تمّ للطرق.
en-ar
But that is not the -- and that's not the part that's really most similar to the Web.
Và đó không hẳn là điều tương đồng nhất với mạng internet.
en-vi
Because, remember, the Web got to stand on top of all this heavy infrastructure that had been put in place because of the long-distance phone network.
ご存じのようにネットは 長距離電話回線用の ネットワークを基盤に構築されました
en-ja
So all of the cabling and all of the heavy infrastructure -- I'm going back now to, sort of, the explosive part of the Web in 1994, when it was growing 2,300 percent a year.
אז כל הכבילה וכל התשתית הכבדה-- אני חוזר עכשיו, לסקור את חלק מהפיצוץ של הרשת בשנת 1994 כאשר היא גדלה ב -2300 אחוז לשנה.
en-he
How could it grow at 2,300 percent a year in 1994 when people weren't really investing in the Web?
Ինչպես կարող էր 2,300 տոկոս աճ լինել 1994թ., երբ մարդիկ իրականում ներդրում չէին անում Ցանցում:
en-hy
Well, it was because that heavy infrastructure had already been laid down.
なぜなら広範囲にわたるインフラが既に構築されていたからです
en-ja
So the light bulb laid down the heavy infrastructure, and then home appliances started coming into being.
Այսպպիսով թափանցիկ լամպը ձևավորեց ծանր ենթակառուցվածքը, և ապա կենցաղային սարքավորումները սկսեցին առաջ գալ:
en-hy
And this was huge. The first one was the electric fan -- this was the 1890 electric fan.
Et c'était énorme. Le premier appareil fut le ventilateur électrique -- c'était le ventilateur électrique 1890.
en-fr
And the appliances, the golden age of appliances really lasted -- it depends how you want to measure it -- but it's anywhere from 40 to 60 years. It goes on a long time.
E os eletrodomésticos, a era de ouro realmente durou -- depende de como você medir -- mas é cerca de 40 a 60 anos. Durou muito tempo.
en-pt-br
It starts about 1890. And the electric fan was a big success.
1890년 경에 시작했고요. 선풍기는 아주 성공적이었습니다.
en-ko
The electric iron, also very big.
Elektrická žehlička, podobně úspěšná.
en-cs
By the way, this is the beginning of the asbestos lawsuit.
Nhân tiện, đây là khởi đầu của vụ kiện sợi a-mi-ăng.
en-vi
(Laughter) There's asbestos under that handle there.
(nevetés) Ott van az azbeszt a fogantyú alatt.
en-hu
This is the first vacuum cleaner, the 1905 Skinner Vacuum, from the Hoover Company. And this one weighed 92 pounds and took two people to operate and cost a quarter of a car.
זהו שואב האבק הראשון, סקינר ואקיום משנת 1905 מחברת הובר. וזה שוקל 46 קילו נדרשו שני אנשים להפעילו בעלות של רבע מכונית.
en-he
So it wasn't a big seller.
Então não vendeu muito.
en-pt-br
This was truly, truly an early-adopter product -- (Laughter) the 1905 Skinner Vacuum.
Era realmente un producto para innovadores (Risas) la aspiradora Skinner de 1905.
en-es
But three years later, by 1908, it weighed 40 pounds.
Բայց երեք տարի անց, այն կշռում էր 40 փութ:
en-hy
Now, not all these things were highly successful.
Şimdi, bunların herbiri çok başarılı olmadı.
en-tr
(Laughter) This is the electric tie press, which never really did catch on.
(śmiech) To elektryczne żelazko do krawatów, które nigdy się nie przyjęło.
en-pl
People, I guess, decided that they would not wrinkle their ties.
Les gens, j'imagine, ont décidé qu'ils ne froisseraient pas leurs cravates.
en-fr
These never really caught on either: the electric shoe warmer and drier. Never a big seller.
Это устройство также не имело успех: электрический обогреватель и сушилка. Так и не стало популярным на рынке.
en-ru
This came in, like, six different colors.
Не се продавало кой знае колко. Имало го в шест различни цвята.
en-bg
(Laughter) I don't know why. But I thought, you know, sometimes it's just not the right time for an invention; maybe it's time to give this one another shot.
(Ծիծաղ) Չգիտեմ ինչու է այդպես, բայց, իմ կարծիքով, գիտեք, երբեմն հայտնագործության համար հարմար պահ չէ; միգուցե ժամանակն է սա նորովի ներկայացնել:
en-hy
So I thought we could build a Super Bowl ad for this.
Así que pensé en que podríamos crear un anuncio del Super Bowl para esto.
en-es
We'd need the right partner. And I thought that really -- (Laughter) I thought that would really work, to give that another shot.
Wir brauchen den richtigen Partner. Und ich habe wirklich geglaubt -- (Lachen) ich habe geglaubt, dass es wirklich funktionieren würde, es noch einmal zu versuchen.
en-de
Now, the toaster was huge because they used to make toast on open fires, and it took a lot of time and attention.
עכשיו המצנם היה ענק משום שהם נהגו להכין טוסטים על אש גלויה וזה דרש הרבה זמן ותשומת לב
en-he
I want to point out one thing. This is -- you guys know what this is.
Želim istaknuti jednu stvar. To je -- vi znate o čemu se radi.
en-hr
They hadn't invented the electric socket yet.
Non avevano ancora inventato la lampada.
en-it
So this was -- remember, they didn't wire the houses for electricity.
Deci, aceasta a fost - amintiţi-vă, nu aveau casele cablate pentru energie electrică.
en-ro
They wired them for lighting. So your -- your appliances would plug in.
Окабелявали ги за осветление. Затова уредите... уредите се включвали.
en-bg
They would -- each room typically had a light bulb socket at the top.
Յուրաքանչյուր սենյակ ուներ վերևում վարդակ:
en-hy
And you'd plug it in there.
I onda biste to tamo uključili.
en-hr
In fact, if you've seen the Carousel of Progress at Disney World, you've seen this. Here are the cables coming up into this light fixture.
Nếu bạn từng thấy "Vòng quay Tiến bộ" ở Công viên Disney, bạn sẽ thấy điều đó. Các dây điện sẽ đều cắm vào đó.
en-vi
All the appliances plug in there. And you would just unscrew your light bulb if you wanted to plug in an appliance.
Wszystkie urządzenia tam podłączano.Trzeba było wykręcić żarówkę jeśli chciało się podłączyć inne urządzenie.
en-pl
The next thing that really was a big, big deal was the washing machine.
Следующее великое изобретение — стиральная машина.
en-ru
Now, this was an object of much envy and lust.
Это устройство вызывало зависть и страстное желание обладать им.
en-ru
Everybody wanted one of these electric washing machines.
모든 사람들이 집에 세탁기를 하나 들이고 싶어했으니까요.
en-ko
On the left-hand side, this was the soapy water.
Do lado esquerdo, a água com sabão.
en-pt-br
And there's a rotor there -- that this motor is spinning.
そして回転するモーターがあり
en-ja
And it would clean your clothes.
Ve elbiselerinizi temizlerdi.
en-tr
This is the clean rinse-water. So you'd take the clothes out of here, put them in here, and then you'd run the clothes through this electric wringer.
וזהו מנגנון הסחיטה.אז היתם מוציאים את הבגדים מכאן, שמים אותם כאן, ואז היתם מעבירים את הבגדים דרך המכבש החשמלי הזה.
en-he
And this was a big deal.
Ve bu büyük bir olaydı.
en-tr
You'd keep this on your porch. It was a little bit messy and kind of a pain.
Эта стиральная машина хранилась на крыльце, она была несколько грязной и неудобной.
en-ru
And you'd run a long cord into the house where you could screw it into your light socket.
Y la conectarías con un largo cable dentro de la casa enchufándola a tu portalámparas.
en-es
(Laughter) And that's actually kind of an important point in my presentation, because they hadn't invented the off switch.
(Râsete) Şi asta e de fapt un fel de un punct important în prezentarea mea, pentru că ei nu inventaseră întrerupătorul.
en-ro
That was to come much later -- the off switch on appliances -- because it didn't make any sense.
Ello vendría mucho después, el interruptor para los aparatos, porque antes no tenía sentido.
en-es
I mean, you didn't want this thing clogging up a light socket.
Víte, nechtěli jste, aby spotřebiče zabírali místo Vašim žárovkám,
en-cs
So you know, when you were done with it, you unscrewed it.
Wenn man also fertig damit war, hat man es wieder herausgezogen.
en-de
That's what you did. You didn't turn it off.
「停止」ボタンは必要なかったのです
en-ja
And as I said before, they hadn't invented the electric outlet either, so the washing machine was a particularly dangerous device.
Comme je l'ai dit avant, on n'avait pas encore inventé la prise électrique, et la machine à laver était un appareil particulièrement dangereux.
en-fr
And there are -- when you research this, there are gruesome descriptions of people getting their hair and clothes caught in these devices.
製品のひとつでした 髪の毛や衣服が挟まっても コードをすぐに抜いて機械を止められなかったので
en-ja
And they couldn't yank the cord out because it was screwed into a light socket inside the house.
И невозможно было просто выдернуть шнур питания из розетки, потому что он был ввинчен внутри дома в патрон для лампочки.
en-ru
(Laughter) And there was no off switch, so it wasn't very good.
(ضحك) ولم يكن هناك مفتاح إيقاف، لذا لم يكن جيداً جداً.
en-ar
And you might think that that was incredibly stupid of our ancestors to be plugging things into a light socket like this.
아마 지금쯤 여러분들은 '우리 조상들은 왜 저렇게 멍청해서 전구 소켓에 가전제품 코드를 꽂아서 썼을까?
en-ko
But, you know, before I get too far into condemning our ancestors, I thought I'd show you: this is my conference room.
Dar, ştiţi, înainte de a merge prea departe cu condamnarea lor, M-am gândit să vă arăt: aceasta este sala mea de conferinţe.
en-ro
This is a total kludge, if you ask me.
Uma gambiarra total, se querem saber.
en-pt-br
First of all, this got installed upside down. This light socket -- (Laughter) and so the cord keeps falling out, so I taped it in.
Zaprvé - je to nainstalováno vzhůru nohama. Tahle zásuvka... (Smích) Kabely z ní neustále vypadávají, takže jsem je přilepil izolepou.
en-cs
(Laughter) This is supposed -- don't even get me started. But that's not the worst one.
(Lachen) Das sollte -- fangen wir nicht damit an. Aber das ist nicht einmal das Schlimmste.
en-de
This is what it looks like under my desk.
Bu benim masamın altının hali.
en-tr
I took this picture just two days ago.
Vyfotil jsem to jen před dvěma dny.
en-cs
So we really haven't progressed that much since 1908.
所以你可以看到1908年到現在沒進步多少。
en-zh-tw
(Laughter) It's a total, total mess.
(Ծիծաղ) Սա լրիվ խառնաշփոթ է:
en-hy
And, you know, we think it's getting better, but have you tried to install 802.11 yourself?
我觉得将来会更好一些 但，你有没有试着自己安装802.11
en-zh-cn
(Laughter) I challenge you to try. It's very hard.
(צחוק) אני מזמין אתכם לנסות.
en-he
I know Ph.D.s in Computer Science -- this process has brought them to tears, absolute tears. (Laughter) And that's assuming you already have DSL in your house.
我認識幾個專攻電腦的博士生 -- 這個過程搞得他們真的欲哭無淚。 而且這還是假設你已經家裡有DSL了。
en-zh-tw
Try to get DSL installed in your house.
Versuchen sie einmal, DSL in ihrem Haus installiert zu bekommen.
en-de
The engineers who do it everyday can't do it.
Gli ingegneri che lo fanno ogni giorno, non riescono a farlo.
en-it
They have to -- typically, they come three times.
Նրանք, որպես կանոն, ստիված են լինում երեք անգամ այցելել ձեզ:
en-hy
And one friend of mine was telling me a story: not only did they get there and have to wait, but then the engineers, when they finally did get there, for the third time, they had to call somebody.
Ein Freund von mir erzählte mir diese Geschichte: die kamen nicht nur und mussten warten, aber dann mussten die Fachmänner, als sie schließlich dort waren, zum dritten Mal, mussten sie jemanden anrufen.
en-de
And they were really happy that the guy had a speakerphone because then they had to wait on hold for an hour to talk to somebody to give them an access code after they got there.
E ficaram muito felizes do meu amigo ter viva-voz porque tiveram que ficar na linha por uma hora esperando um código de acesso depois que tudo estava pronto.
en-pt-br
So we're not -- we're pretty kludge-y ourselves.
所以我們自己也是很雜牌拼湊的啦。
en-zh-tw
By the way, DSL is a kludge.
A propósito, DSL es un parche.
en-es
I mean, this is a twisted pair of copper that was never designed for the purpose it's being put to -- you know it's the whole thing -- we're very, very primitive. And that's kind of the point.
제 말은, 이렇게 두 줄로 꼬여진 구리선 자체가 원래는 지금 사용되는 용도를 위해서 만들어졌던게 아니에요. 여러분들은 지금 이것이 전부라고 생각하시겠지만, 우리는 사실 아주 원시적인 단계에 있어요.
en-ko
Because, you know, resilience -- if you think of it in terms of the Gold Rush, then you'd be pretty depressed right now because the last nugget of gold would be gone.
لأنه - كما تعلمون - التكيُّف، لو أنكم فكرتم فيه مقارَناً بهَجْمَة الذهب، فستصبحون مكتئبين في الحال لأن آخر سبيكة ذهبية ستكون قد انتهت.
en-ar
But the good thing is, with innovation, there isn't a last nugget.
하지만, 좋은 점은, 혁신에는 마지막 덩어리가 없다는 것입니다.
en-ko
Every new thing creates two new questions and two new opportunities.
Her yeni şey iki yeni soru ve iki yeni fırsat yaratıyor.
en-tr
And if you believe that, then you believe that where we are -- this is what I think -- I believe that where we are with the incredible kludge -- and I haven't even talked about user interfaces on the Web -- but there's so much kludge, so much terrible stuff -- we are at the 1908 Hurley washing machine stage with the Internet.
如果你相信那個，你就會相信我們今天的處境是 -- 我認為: 我相信我們今天的雜亂 -- 我還沒談到網路上的使用者界面呢 然而因為這些雜亂跟可怕的東西， 網際網路就像是在1908年洗衣機的階段
en-zh-tw
That's where we are. We don't get our hair caught in it, but that's the level of primitiveness of where we are.
Ето къде сме. Косата ни не се захваща в него, но това е нивото ни на примитивност.
en-bg
We're in 1908.
We zitten in 1908.
en-nl
And if you believe that, then stuff like this doesn't bother you. This is 1996: "All the negatives add up to making the online experience not worth the trouble."
Und wenn sie das glauben, dann dürfte ihnen das nichts ausmachen. Das ist von 1996: "All die negativen Aspekte sorgen dafür, dass die Online Erfahrung nicht der Rede wert ist."
en-de