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do you get notified when someone screenshots your tiktok? | So, does TikTok notify anyone when you take a screenshot of videos or profile? ... TikTok doesn't notify anyone about it. And it works both ways. The app won't notify when someone takes a screenshot of your profile or downloads your lip-syncing videos to their phone. |
Muslim (name) | Müslüm |
In total, roughly how much gold (volume, not weight) has been extracted from the ground? | The Bendigo goldfields in Victoria, Australia were, until recently, the richest goldfields in Australia. Over it's 150-year history, a total of just under 1 cubic metre of pure gold was extracted from the ground in the area. |
Le Cimetière des arlequins | Le Cimetière des Arlequins |
The prayer to the Virgin Mary is intended to help guide the journey which would end with understanding eternity and the Annunciation. | La preghiera alla Vergine Maria è intesa come un aiuto nel viaggio che porta alla comprensione dell'eternità e dell'Annunciazione. |
After the June 14 rally, the people spontaneously set off for the President's office building. | Após a marcha de 14 de junho, as cidadãos rumaram espontaneamente para a sede de trabalho do presidente. |
of Fasano. It is 20 km far from Ostuni, 24 from Monopoli, 26 from Martina Franca, 54 from Brindisi, 62 from Taranto and 67 from Bari. Economy The biggest industry of the village is fishing. Tourism, related to the sea and to the local spa, increased in the second half of the 20th century. Main sights Punta Torre Canne Lighthouse Other In the village is located a spa, named "Terme di Torre Canne", opened in latest 19th century. Transport Cisternino station, on the Adriatic railway, is few km from the village. The SS 16 highway "Adriatica" Padova-Otranto serves it with the exit "Torre Canne". People Norbert Poehlke (1951–1985), a German serial killer, committed suicide | southeastern Italian coastal village and hamlet (frazione) of the municipality of Fasano in the Province of Brindisi, Apulia. As of 2011 its population was 448. History The village received some attention from the German media on October 23 1985, when serial killer Norbert Poehlke, and his son Gabriel, were found dead of bullet wounds in what appeared to be a murder-suicide. Poehlke was a police officer in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, who murdered three motorists and used their cars in bank robberies across the state. He was dubbed 'Der Hammermörder' (The Hammer-Killer) because of his use of sledgehammers during the robberies, although his identity would not be |
They tend to live in different neighborhoods that are still within commuting distance, although even these differences are quickly disappearing. | Tendono a vivere in quartieri diversi che sono ancora all'interno di un pendolarismo ravvicinato, sebbene anche queste differenze stiano rapidamente scomparendo. |
Among the lower class society, a rising number of women are achieving economic independence and good career prospects leading to a shift in the typical patriarchic society. | Di kalangan masyarakat kelas bawah, peningkatan jumlah wanita mencapai kemandirian ekonomi dan prospek karier yang baik yang mengarah ke pergeseran dalam masyarakat patriarkis yang khas. |
do identical twins have to look exactly the same? | At first blush it might seem impossible they could look so different. After all, while huge differences can and do happen with fraternal twins, identical twins are usually exactly that -- identical in skin, hair and eye color. |
The 101FC was manufactured in both left and right hand drive with either 12 or 24 volt electrical systems. | De 101FC werd geproduceerd met het stuur links of rechts en het elektrisch system was 12 of 24 volt. |
Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. | Етнічні росіяни складають 25,5% поточного населення країни, і 58,6% жителів естонського населення також здатні говорити по-російськи. |
In the early 1990s the chedi was reconstructed, financed by UNESCO and the Japanese government. | In den frühen 1990er Jahren wurde der Chedi mit Hilfe der UNESCO und der Regierung von Japan rekonstruiert. |
Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces | カナダ軍最高司令官 |
in Los Angeles, Telemundo filmed the serial in Miami, Fl. Through [sometimes not so] careful editing it was made to appear as Los Angeles. The network debuted it on September 14, 2004 to April 4, 2005 at the 7 pm (6 pm central) timeslot. Telemundo added English subtitles as closed captions on CC3. Plot ¡Anita, no te rajes! is a funny story which tells the adventures of Anita, a positive and happy young Mexican girl who never gave up on everything, following her deceased mother's quote: "Las Guerrero no se rajan" (The Guerreros never give up). Anita decides to come to the US without her documents in order to find her aunt, Consuelo Guerrero, the only surviving member of her family. Consuelo married an important contractor of Irish origins and she is heiress to a huge fortune. Cast Jorge Enrique Abello as Eduardo Jose Contreras - main hero, in love with Anita, spouse of Ariana, son of Emiliano Ivonne Montero as Ana 'Anita' Guerrero - main heroine, daughter of Graciela, in love with Eduardo Natalia Streignard as Ariana Dupont Aristizábal - main female villain, wife of Eduardo, hates Anita Marcelo Cezán as David Aristizábal - cousin of Anita, in love with Anita and then with Lucecita Elluz Peraza as Consuelo Guerrero / Graciela O'Donnell - mother of Anita and Billy, stepmother of Maggie Eduardo Serrano as Emiliano Contreras - father of Eduardo, in love with Graciela Isabel Moreno as Cachita Moret - grandmother of Lucecita, ex-friend of Amanda Jeannette Lehr as Carlota Aristizábal de Dupont - mother of Ariana, villain, then she goes crazy Martha Picanes as Amanda Aristizábal - grandmother of Anita and David, aunt of Ariana, villain, then hero Roberto | September 14, 2004 to April 4, 2005 at the 7 pm (6 pm central) timeslot. Telemundo added English subtitles as closed captions on CC3. Plot ¡Anita, no te rajes! is a funny story which tells the adventures of Anita, a positive and happy young Mexican girl who never gave up on everything, following her deceased mother's quote: "Las Guerrero no se rajan" (The Guerreros never give up). Anita decides to come to the US without her documents in order to find her aunt, Consuelo Guerrero, the only surviving member of her family. Consuelo married an important contractor of Irish origins and she is heiress to a huge fortune. Cast Jorge Enrique Abello as Eduardo Jose Contreras - main hero, in love with Anita, spouse of Ariana, son of Emiliano Ivonne Montero as Ana 'Anita' Guerrero - main heroine, daughter of Graciela, in love with Eduardo Natalia Streignard as Ariana Dupont Aristizábal - main female villain, wife of Eduardo, hates Anita Marcelo Cezán as David Aristizábal - cousin of Anita, in love with Anita and then with Lucecita Elluz Peraza as Consuelo Guerrero / Graciela O'Donnell - mother of Anita and Billy, stepmother of Maggie Eduardo Serrano as Emiliano Contreras - father of Eduardo, in love with Graciela Isabel Moreno as Cachita Moret - grandmother of Lucecita, ex-friend of Amanda Jeannette Lehr as Carlota Aristizábal de Dupont - mother of Ariana, villain, then she goes crazy Martha Picanes as Amanda Aristizábal |
Negotiations had been held in the 1990s for a possible meeting between Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and Pope John Paul II. | Negli anni 1990 si svolsero negoziati per un possibile incontro tra il patriarca Alessio II di Mosca e papa Giovanni Paolo II. |
Over the years the names of the team have included: Amsterdam Bulldogs, Boretti Tigers and Al Capone Flames. | Tidligere har klubben heddet: Amsterdam Bulldogs, Boretti Tigers og Al Capone Flames. |
Israeli midfielder struggled after moving to Scotland this season .
Nir Bitton failed to make Ronny Deila's first team at first .
But after frank discussion with manager Bitton went away to change game .
Young midfielder is now a first team regular for Celtic . | It took a full and frank exchange of views to rejuvenate Nir Bitton’s Celtic career. The Israeli midfielder has emerged as one of Ronny Deila’s key players this season. A likely candidate for a lucrative future transfer. Yet the penny took time to drop. Omitted from the Celtic manager’s early first-team squads, a conversation between the pair became unavoidable. Israeli midfielder Nir Bitton has become a key player for Celtic after struggling to adapt at first . The Norwegian talked. Bitton listened. Crucially, he also learned what it would take to salvage his Celtic career. ‘I prefer the conversation between me and the gaffer to stay between me and him,’ said Bitton. ‘But at the beginning of the season there were a couple of things I didn’t understand in terms of what he expected from me. ‘Sometimes you need a conversation with the gaffer to understand what he wants from you. To understand what he expects from you as a player and a professional.’ Bitton needed a conversation with manager Ronny Deila before the penny finally dropped for him . The temptation for any player out of the team is to blame the coach but Deila told Bitton to look a little closer to home. Speaking in recent weeks, the Celtic boss said: ‘If you put everything on the coach then you are lost, you are finished. ‘You have to go into yourself and ask “Why am I not playing? Why is that guy in front of me?” and when you find that out you have to think “OK, what do I do to get better?” ‘It’s not the other way around, that the coach gives you a chance and then you play well. ‘You have to show in training that you are good enough and then you get your chance, and Nir has done that.’ Pushed on the issue, Bitton will plead guilty on all counts. ‘Of course I had to look at myself,’ he admitted. ‘When you don’t play the first thing you say is: “It’s the gaffer.” 'That’s what everybody says. ‘But after you go home you think honestly: “OK, what am I doing wrong?” ‘I understood that I needed to change myself, that I needed to improve. It’s difficult sometimes to be honest if you have the wrong attitude. But if you want success you must change to do things the way the gaffer wants. ‘I said to myself, if I don’t change I will find myself out of this club. ‘It’s not easy when you are not playing so you need to have a good attitude and a strong mentality — you need to show the gaffer you want to change.’ Bitton is keen to play in the Scottish League Cup final this weekend, but is struggling with injury . In his first season there were glimpses of promise, yet he admits the culture shift and weather were difficult to negotiate. ‘This is one of the reasons it was hard last season. In Israel, 80 per cent of the days are 24 or 25 degrees. Then you come to Scotland and... it’s not quite the same.’ His wife is in Glasgow now and, with regular games, he has adapted to Scottish football to a point where Charlie Mulgrew faces a battle to resume his midfield partnership with Scott Brown. Learning to press and harry was one of the aspects he had to improve, conceding: ‘The gaffer wants to play a certain way. ‘Before I thought, “OK, I’m a good player, I don’t need to change everything. If the gaffer wants me to play he will, if not I will sit on the bench, I don’t care”, stuff like that. ‘But everyone wants to play. You can train 10 times a day but it’s not the same.’ The midfielder has had some swelling on his ankle, after suffering an injury against Dundee United last week . With the inhospitable climate and culture the Israeli admits he could have returned home. Or tried his fortunes elsewhere. ‘The easiest thing would be to not care and just go back to Israel and not want to be here any more,’ he added. ‘But that’s not me. I just want to show everyone I deserve to play.’ The battle ahead of Sunday’s League Cup Final is of a different kind. Bitton suffered ankle swelling against Dundee United in the Scottish Cup last weekend and is fighting to prove his fitness for Hampden. ‘I still have another four days. We will see. ‘At the end of the day I will take the final decision. ‘If I feel I can play and help the team I will play. ‘If I feel I can play but not at 100 per cent I will take the decision to protect it for the next games. But we have four more days before the game and that’s a long time. I hope I will be fine.’ Bitton has admitted that it took some time to adapt to life - and the weather - in Scotland . The opportunity to win his first domestic trophy at the national stadium as a Celtic player beckons. Yet he is adamant he won’t put his own interests before those of the team adding: ‘I have to be honest with my team-mates. If somebody cannot give 100 per cent for the team there is no reason he should play. ‘If I can give 100 per cent I will play. If not I will be ready for the next games.’ Sunday marks the first step towards a Treble Deila has very publicly and vocally targeted. The norm is to talk down domestic clean sweeps to lessen expectations, yet Bitton accepts that — whatever people say in the public domain — the onus is on Celtic to win everything. ‘Of course it’s hard. ‘Everybody just expects us to win all the titles. But everybody saw the game on Sunday and it will be very difficult for us. ‘We all need to do our jobs as well as we can. But we don’t think about what they say outside the club, we just need to play our game. If we do we can do it.’ |
are bungalows cheaper than houses? | Since bungalow homes are often smaller than other single-family homes, they may cost less to purchase (although they may cost more per square foot). ... Often located in cities or destination towns, bungalows may have appeal as a vacation property or second home. |
Birth of a Cynic is the first independent release of post-grunge rock band 8stops7. | Birth Of A Cynic é o primeiro lançamento independente da banda de metal alternativo, 8stops7. |
some slight movement or motion ... adding a sort of kinetic feel to each scene. It's certainly not fully animated, that's what TV shows are for after all, but now you you'll get a better sense of the action, like when a hero fl[ies] up into the air, or someone slices off the head of a zombie.” The app is a free download, with several titles released per month. In 2014 Visionbooks formed a partnership with Valiant Entertainment to distribute | “each panel in the comic will have some slight movement or motion ... adding a sort of kinetic feel to each scene. It's certainly not fully animated, that's what TV shows are for after all, but now you you'll get a better sense of the action, like when a hero fl[ies] up into the air, or someone slices off the head of a zombie.” The app is a free download, with several titles released per month. In 2014 Visionbooks formed |
what are the side effects of taking naprosyn? | ['heartburn,', 'stomach or abdominal pain,', 'upset stomach,', 'nausea,', 'diarrhea,', 'constipation,', 'bloating,', 'gas,'] |
Can sport and politics ever be kept seperate or does one help the other? | If we win the World Cup it will sure help Blair. Not sure what he's ever done for sport though. It is said that national sporting success helps lift the spirit of the population and increases productivity. |
A man with sunglasses is helping a child with sunglasses slide down a slide. | Two people on a slide. |
It has been reported that this huge and ancient building is a state edifice from the period of Ismaili governance in this region. | Bu büyük ve eski binanın bu bölgede İsmaili yönetim döneminden bir devlet yapı olduğu bildirilmiştir. |
Patients with bowel cancer wait longer for surgery than those with breast or lung cancer .
Public hospitals in Brisbane and Hobart have the longest waits .
Overall, 92 per cent of cancer patients treated within 30 days .
Almost all - 97 per cent - of cancer patients treated within 45 days . | Public hospitals in Brisbane and Hobart have the longest waiting lists for bowel cancer surgery in the country, a new report shows. And patients suffering bowel cancer wait longer to receive surgery than those with breast or lung cancer, according to research by the National Health Performance Authority (NHPA) released on Thursday. Of 4362 surgeries for malignant bowel cancer across 89 large Australian public hospitals, 82 treated at least 90 per cent of their patients within 45 days. Patients suffering bowel cancer wait longer for surgery than those suffering breast and lung cancer. Patients at Princess Alexandra Hospital (above) in Brisbane experienced the equal longest waits for bowel cancer surgery. Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane and the Royal Hobart Hospital had the longest waiting times for bowel cancer surgery, taking between 76 and 90 days to reach the 90 per cent completion rate. Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred and Royal Perth hospitals also had longer waits, taking 46 to 60 days to reach the same rate. The NHPA researched surgery waiting times at Australian public hospitals for three common cancers for which surgery is an important part of treatment: malignant bowel, breast and lung cancer. Royal Hobart Hospital (above) patients experienced the equal longest waits for bowel surgery, according to a new report. Using figures for 2012-13, the report lists the number of days between a patient's placement on a waiting list and the day they are admitted for surgery. Urgent cancer cases are expected to be completed within 30 days, while semi-urgent cases are meant to be completed within 45 days. The report found 96 per cent of breast cancer patients and 90 per cent of lung cancer patients received their surgery within 30 days. That figure dropped to 88 per cent for bowel cancer. Bowel Cancer Australia chief executive Julien Wiggins said bowel cancer patients had a five-year survival rate of 66 per cent, compared with 89 per cent for breast cancer patients. About 15,000 Australians are diagnosed with bowel cancer each year and about 4000 patients will die from the disease. Bowel cancer patients at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (above) in Sydney faced longer waits for surgery than in most other large Australian public hospitals. Mr Wiggins said it was good news that most bowel cancer patients received surgery within a month of being placed on a waiting list. 'Unfortunately, the data also shows that 216 bowel cancer patients did not receive timely surgery,' he said. 'They remained on the public hospital waiting lists for longer than 45 days.' Overall, 92 per cent of cancer patients were treated within 30 days and almost all - 97 per cent - had their operations within 45 days. Mr Wiggins said time on a hospital waiting list was only one component of cancer care. 'We need to find improvements at every stage of the cancer journey from earlier diagnosis, to timely surgery, more treatment options and better supportive care,' he said. Patients at Royal Perth Hospital waited longer for bowel cancer surgery than those at most other large Australian public hospitals. Source: National Health Performance Authority . AMA vice-president, Dr Stephen Parnis, was pleased cancer patients continued to be prioritised as requiring urgent elective surgery. 'But it's important to acknowledge that there are non-cancer elective cases that are also life threatening that also require prioritisation and resources,' Dr Parnis said. 'That's not in any way undermining the need for cancer support services but we have to remember that there's more than cancer that threatens the lives of Australians.' |
Who would win in a fight. A horse size duck or 100 duck size horses? | im gonna go with the duck sized horses, if they worked together they could kick the giant duck into submission with their tiny hooves |
The poem, however, was altered to agree with contemporary taste. | Mais le poème est, encore une fois, modifié pour s’accorder aux goûts contemporains. |
Ferenc Szécsi (1913–1974) was a Hungarian stage and film actor with one directing credit at the end of a long career. In 1916, at the age of three and credited as Szécsi Ferkó, he appeared in the film Elnémult harangok. Selected filmography Jön az öcsém (1919) Lengyelvér (1920) The Frozen Child (1921) Elnémult harangok (1922) Stars of Eger (1923) Christopher | Multiplex. Wallflower Press, 2004. External links 1913 births 1974 deaths People from Caraș-Severin County Hungarian male film actors Hungarian male silent film actors Hungarian male stage actors 20th-century Hungarian male actors 1974 |
was built in the early 19th century and has been designated as a Grade II listed building. A former Methodist chapel, now converted | side of the River Frome. It has a public House called the Cross Keys, which was built in the early 19th century and has been designated as a Grade II listed building. A |
So what we thought is if we could rally a million of their mothers ... | Więc pomyślałyśmy, co by było, gdybyśmy zgromadziły milion ich matek... |
Jean-Marc Vacheron | ژان-مارک واشرون |
Here is a round up of Tahrir events on Jadaliyya by Bassam Haddad and Ziad Abu-Rish: Tahrir Speaks, which features photographs, videos, transcripts and a remix by the editors. | Το Jadaliyya των Bassam Haddad και Ziad Abu-Rish ανθολογεί φωτογραφίες, βίντεο, καταγραφές κι ένα remix από τους αρχισυντάκτες του από τα χθεσινά γεγονότα στην πλατεία Tahrir, στο Tahrir Speaks. |
After this he spent a season with Kidderminster Harriers, then another season with Blackpool, before signing with Mansfield Town in 2002. | Después de esto, pasó una temporada con Kidderminster Harriers, luego otra temporada con Blackpool, antes de firmar con Mansfield Town en 2002. |
Why does China, India, ect. have so many more people than the rest of the world? | Fertile river valleys that create a lot of good agricultural land. The same reason that the Nile delta is so much more populous than most of the rest of the area. There are lots of other similar examples around the world. It's also worth noting that China and India are *big*. In terms of land area, China is actually larger than Canada. |
Bronze age archeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and southern Manchuria. | Dovezile arheologice din Epoca Bronzului despre cultura Gojoseon au fost găsite în nordul Coreei și sudul Manciuriei. |
what happens to your pulse rate when you exercise? | During exercise, your body may need three or four times your normal cardiac output, because your muscles need more oxygen when you exert yourself. During exercise, your heart typically beats faster so that more blood gets out to your body. |
Lewis Carroll says that he invented the game on Christmas day in 1877. | 刘易斯·卡罗尔说他是在1877年的圣诞节发明这一游戏的。 |
Almost 600 NHS patients have waited more than a year for their operations .
The money will pay for as many as 100,000 operations in coming months .
Labour calls it a ploy to distract attention from lengthening waiting lists . | The NHS is to spend £250million to clear a massive backlog of knee, cataract and hip replacement operations. Jeremy Hunt will today announce that the injection of cash will help ensure no one waits more than a year for treatment – unless it is clinically necessary. But the plan will also mean longer waiting times for tens of thousands of patients. Surgeons: The NHS is to spend £250million to clear a backlog of knee, cataract and hip replacement operations . The number of people on the NHS waiting list now stands at 3.1million – its highest for six years; with almost 600 having waited for longer than 12 months. The Health Secretary will say the money will pay for up to 100,000 operations over the next few months in a bid to treat some of those who have waited the longest. Officials admit that meeting the backlog will cause a short-term rise in the number of people waiting more than 18 weeks – still the most important target for hospitals – breaching a national pledge that 90 per cent of patients should be treated within this timescale. Ministers say this short-term breach is necessary to clear the huge backlog in elective surgery, which they attribute to higher demand and an ageing society. It means an extra 100,000 people a month are being referred for treatment compared to 2010, with hospitals performing an extra 2,000 operations a day. But Labour will say that the new 12-month treatment pledge is merely a way to deflect attention from a failure to tackle growing waiting lists in the health service over the past four years. Action should be targeted at all those on the waiting list – not just the longest – they say. In May 2010, the month of the last election, some 20,662 patients had waited for 18 weeks or more. By May 2014, this total had soared to 29,847. The situation is so bad in some trusts that patients have been urged to pay privately if they want to be treated more quickly. The clinical commissioning group in Southampton, for example, has imposed tough restrictions on cataract operations – and has been named and shamed by the RNIB. 'We need targets that help patients': Jeremy Hunt will announce that the injection of cash will help ensure no one waits more than a year for treatment . At the same time, the local trust – Southampton University Hospitals – allows people denied NHS treatment to pay for the service that would otherwise be provided free. Its website offers ‘a new option, between the traditional private sector and the NHS’. Mr Hunt’s response is to target those waiting more than a year. In May 2014, 574 people were in this position – down from 18,458 four years previously. Every person who has waited more than 52 weeks or is on the verge of doing so will have their case reviewed to see whether they should be fast-tracked. On a visit to Royal Surrey County Hospital in Guildford, the Health Secretary will say: ‘No one – except in exceptional circumstances – should have to wait more than a year. ‘[We need] targets that help patients get treatment when they need it – not targets followed blindly with no regard for the impact on individuals. ‘An NHS confident that – in the end – it will continue to meet the huge challenges ahead if it leaves room, amongst many loud, competing pressures, for the quietest but most important voice of all: that of the patient.’ Liz Kendall, a Labour health spokeswoman, said: ‘David Cameron promised to protect patient care, but instead he has lost control of waiting times. ‘The number of people waiting more than 18 weeks for their treatment has increased by 50 per cent since 2010, and the cancer waiting time target has been missed for the first time ever. ‘The Tories have mismanaged the NHS – and it’s patients who are paying the price.’ Funded by the extra £250million, the NHS will in the next few weeks carry out more than 100,000 treatments to people who have been waiting more than 18 weeks, of which 40,000 will be admitted to hospital. It will also conduct an immediate review of every person waiting over or close to 52 weeks. Treating them will be a priority, unless there are strong clinical reasons for the delay or the patient chooses to wait longer. A Department of Health source said: ‘Because operations on longer waiters are often more complex and difficult, they take more time and resources. ‘However, by the end of the year the NHS will start meeting the target again.’ |
the increased expenditure should Seoul Metropolitan Subway operate the line. Ultimately, the Ilsan Line remained under the jurisdiction of the Korean National Railroad which became what is today Korail. On December 27, 2014 Wonheung station started operation. Stations References See also Subways in South Korea Seoul Subway Line 3 Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines Railway | Metro's Line 3. History The line started construction on March 15, 1991 as an extension of Seoul Metro Line 3 with the line opening in 1996. After the completion of the Ilsan Line, the Korean National Railroad suddenly announced that it would transfer ownership of the line to Seoul Metropolitan Government. According to the Korean National Railroad, the Seoul Metropolitan Government asked |
On 8 August 2007, Bourdin married a French woman named Isabelle after a year-long courtship. | Em 8 de agosto de 2007, Bourdin se casou com uma francesa chamada Isabelle depois de um ano de namoro. |
Serious illnesses call for emergency care. | 重病得用重药医。 |
On 6 June 2013 the Austrian chancellor Werner Faymann and Austrian foreign minister Michael Spindelegger announced that Austria would withdraw its troops from the UNDOF mission. | El 6 de juny de 2013, el canceller austríac, Werner Faymann i el ministre d'exteriors austríac, Michael Spindelegger, van anunciar que Àustria retiraria les seves tropes de la missió de la UNDOF. |
They only had passports for themselves; the children were not included on them. | Solo tenían pasaportes para ellos mismos; los niños no fueron incluidos en ellos. |
Gertrude and her seven siblings, two brothers and five sisters, all lived in the house together with their parents, four servants, and an ever-changing assortment of nieces, nephews, cousins, aunts and other relatives. | Gertrude e seus sete irmãos, dois irmãos e cinco irmãs, moravam na casa junto com seus pais, quatro empregados e uma variedade de sobrinhas, sobrinhos, primos, tias e outros parentes. |
did tornado hit north tulsa ok | VIDEO: Tornado Touches Down In Owasso - NewsOn6.com - Tulsa, OK - News, Weather, Video and Sports - KOTV.com |. News. VIDEO: Tornado Touches Down In Owasso. Thunderstorms turned into funnel clouds, then dropped down on the north Tulsa County landscape on Wednesday evening. And Osage SkyNews6 HD was there to catch them as they developed in front of the setting sun. The first touch down was in north Tulsa near Mohawk Park, and it stayed on the ground several minutes. A second, just minutes later, dropped down near a residential area in Owasso. There is large tree damage and homes that are flattened in Owasso's Stone Canyon neighborhood. |
of twenty, Brown was selected to represent New South Wales against Queensland. The following year he played in his first test match against South Africa. He retired from representative rugby after the 1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France. He was known for his fiery personality and was on | Africa. He retired from representative rugby after the 1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France. He was known for his fiery personality and was on one occasion sent off during training by the Australian coach, Denis Cowper, a fellow Old Newingtonian. References 1935 births 2020 deaths Australian rugby union players Rugby union hookers People educated at Newington College Australia international |
Why are insects attracked to lights? | they are atracted by the ultra violet rays. They can see better. |
Marion Township is one of fourteen townships in Shelby County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,923 and it contained 867 housing units. Marion Township was | the 2010 census, its population was 1,923 and it contained 867 housing units. Marion Township was named for Francis Marion, an army officer during the American Revolutionary War, known as the Swamp Fox. Geography According to the 2010 census, |
in the rest of the country. Crime also increased, and because the U.S. Army was placed in wartime control of the Alaska Territory, all newspapers and letters to and from Fairbanks were censored. To alleviate shortages and supply the war effort, the U.S. Army and the Canadian government began construction of the Alaska Highway, which connected the Canadian road network to Alaska's Richardson Highway and Fairbanks. The highway was completed in fall 1942 and regular traffic began in 1943. As work on the highway took place, war supplies were already reaching Fairbanks through the air. The Northwest Staging Route, a chain of airfields, ended at Fairbanks. Starting in February 1942, supply aircraft began landing in Fairbanks to supply the war effort in Alaska. In summer 1942, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in an extension of the Lend-Lease effort to Russia. Using the Northwest Staging Route, aircraft were flown from Great Falls, Montana, to Ladd Field. At Ladd Field, the aircraft were turned over to Soviet pilots, who flew them to Nome and on to the Soviet Union. Fairbanks was chosen as a transfer location because it was more protected from potential Japanese attack than Nome. Starting in fall 1942, large numbers of Soviet soldiers arrived in Fairbanks to work with the U.S. soldiers already in the town. The massive Lend-Lease effort required additional facilities to be built in and near Fairbanks. Ladd Field expanded, and the grounds of the U.S. Army post expanded until it met the city limits of Fairbanks. The University of Alaska, which saw most of its students taken up by the draft, provided office and dormitory space for U.S. and Soviet soldiers. Its professors also contributed to the war effort with specially created Russian language classes. Russian airmen were regular customers of Fairbanks stores, and they bought large amounts of consumer goods unavailable at home. To meet demand when Ladd Field was unusable due to fog, an airfield now known as Eielson Air Force Base was built southeast of Fairbanks. Although there were some conflicts between Soviet and U.S. soldiers and civilians, Lend-Lease operations in Fairbanks continued through the end of the war, and when Lend-Lease ended in September 1945, 7,926 aircraft and tons of cargo had been transferred to Soviet officials in Fairbanks. Cold War By fall 1945, Ladd Field had grown to encompass almost 5,000 military personnel and acres of runways and buildings. Despite a brief lull as the U.S. Army demobilized after World War II, activity in Fairbanks remained high as the Cold War began. The population of the Fairbanks area grew by 240 percent between 1940 and 1950, then doubled between 1950 and 1953. This growth strained the city's infrastructure: schools, water, power, sewer, and telephone systems were all overstressed by new arrivals and expansion. Suburbs sprang up around Fairbanks, which began annexing them in turn. In 1952, the city's boundaries grew from to , with another soon after. More than a dozen subdivisions and housing developments filled the area between Fairbanks city limits and College, and the city's border advanced westward until it met the College city limit. The burgeoning town stopped to commemorate its roots with the Golden Days Festival, a weeklong celebration of Fairbanks history that started to mark the 50th anniversary of the discovery of gold. The annual festival continues today. The University of Alaska also grew during this period. In 1946, Congress appropriated money to build a Geophysical Institute to study Arctic phenomena such as the aurora borealis. The institute was established in 1949 and spurred the university's growth as the GI Bill simultaneously boosted the student population. Elementary education also developed as the Fairbanks Independent School District (the precursor to today's Fairbanks North Star Borough School District) was established in 1947 to collect school taxes from areas outside the city limits that were sending students to Fairbanks' school. The Golden Valley Electric Association, an electrical cooperative, was founded in the 1940s to provide electricity to areas outside Fairbanks city limits. In 1953, it bought the FE Co. power plant that served Fairbanks and provided electricity to customers as varied as Fairbanks' second radio station, KFRB, and the town's largest farm, Creamer's Dairy. A new airport opened on Oct. 15, 1951, to replace Weeks Field, which had been encroached upon by the town's growth, including Denali Elementary School, the town's first new school since the 1930s. The new Fairbanks International Airport began serving DC-6s, which cut the travel time from Seattle to six hours from eight. The new airport also attracted an over-the-pole test flight by Scandinavian Airlines System, but the airline eventually chose Anchorage as a refueling point for flights from Stockholm to Tokyo. Ground transportation also improved in Fairbanks, as a major program to pave downtown roads began in 1953 with the goal of coating 30 blocks. New military facilities sprang up around Fairbanks and further away. The Haines - Fairbanks 626 mile long 8" petroleum products pipeline was constructed during the period 1953–55. The city was a staging area for the construction of the Distant Early Warning Line, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System at Clear Air Station, and several Nike Hercules air defense missile batteries. The first skyscrapers were built in Fairbanks during this period: the eight-story Northward Building and the Hill (later Polaris) Building were built in the first half of the 1950s. The first traffic lights were installed during the same period. Fairbanks' first television station, KTVF Channel 11, began broadcasting on February 17, 1955. The city's first dedicated high school, Lathrop High (originally Fairbanks High), also began operating in 1955. In the four years that followed, four new elementary schools opened, taking the burden off Main School, which became Main Junior High School. Statehood During the 1950s, agitation grew in Alaska for the territory to become a state. Alaskans could not vote in presidential elections and had a territorial legislature with limited powers. Efforts to lobby federal legislators for an Alaska statehood bill met with limited success, so prominent territorial officials decided to draft a state constitution to prove Alaska's readiness to become a state. On November 8, 1955, 55 elected delegates gathered at the University of Alaska to begin drafting a state constitution. The resulting debates lasted more than two months and caused a sensation in Fairbanks. Debates of the constitutional convention were broadcast on Fairbanks radio, and the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner dedicated daily reports to the progress of the convention. On February 5, 1956, the delegates signed the constitution before 1,000 people who crowded into the University of Alaska gymnasium. The building where deliberations took place was subsequently named Constitution Hall. On June 30, 1958, the U.S. Senate voted 64–20 to accept Alaska as a state. The news set off massive celebrations in Fairbanks. Residents set off fireworks, an impromptu parade took place down Cushman Street, the city's main road, and an attempt to dye the Chena River gold in celebration instead turned it green. The celebration was capped when residents used weather balloons to lift a wide wooden star painted gold and emblazoned with "49" into the air. The balloons lifted it, then drifted into power lines, causing a 16-minute power outage across the city. President Dwight Eisenhower officially signed the new state into the United States on January 3, 1959, putting the Alaska constitution into effect. The new state's constitution called for the creation of borough governments to help manage the new state. Fairbanks and other areas were reluctant to impose an additional layer of government on themselves, and balked. In 1963, the Alaska Legislature passed the Mandatory Borough Act, which required the eight most populous areas of the state to form organized boroughs by 1964. Students from Fairbanks schools chose "North Star" as the Fairbanks' borough's name, and the Fairbanks North Star Borough came into existence on January 1, 1964. The years after statehood saw the military boom continue to boost the Fairbanks economy and growth of the city. Fairbanks International Airport's runway was lengthened to 11,500 feet to accommodate jet aircraft. The George Parks Highway was built from Fairbanks to Anchorage and Denali National Park, encouraging tourism. Homes were built on the hills to the north of Fairbanks for the first time, roads were repaved and smoothed, and sidewalks replaced dirt paths. The growth had a price, however. Many of the structures built during Fairbanks' founding were torn down in the name of urban renewal. The first home built in Fairbanks was demolished, as were the final homes remaining on "the line", Fairbanks' prostitution district. In 1960, the U.S. Air Force made plans to close Ladd Airfield and transfer its functions to nearby Eielson Air Force Base and Elmendorf Air Force Base near Anchorage. When the decision was publicly announced, it was met with almost unanimous opposition by Fairbanks residents and businesses in the area. Although the Air Force held firm in its decision to transfer out of the base, the U.S. Army took over the post on January 1, 1961 and renamed it Fort Wainwright.Gold Rush Town, p. 179 The arts scene in Fairbanks also grew during this time. The Fairbanks Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1959, and the Fairbanks Drama Association was created in 1963. The Alaska Goldpanners baseball team was founded in 1959 as the city's first professional sports team. The next year, the Goldpanners hosted their first annual Midnight Sun Baseball Game, a tradition that had been conducted since 1905 and continues under the Goldpanners' auspices today. Through the 1960s, Fairbanks became much more like small towns in the Lower 48 as communications, transportation, and utilities improved. The Great Flood In 1967, Alaska celebrated 100 years since its purchase by the United States from Russia. To celebrate the event, Fairbanksans built A-67 (later Alaskaland and today Pioneer Park), a theme park celebrating the history of Fairbanks and Alaska. At a site away from downtown Fairbanks, it features pioneer cabins, historic exhibits, and the steamer SS Nenana, one of the steamboats that traveled Interior Alaska rivers during the gold rush era. The summer exposition that opened the park in July 1967 was attended by U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey but was plagued by rain, financial problems, and low attendance. One month after the celebration of Alaska's centennial, the worst disaster in Fairbanks history took place. In July 1967, Fairbanks received of rain, almost double the July average of . Then between August 11 and August 13, Fairbanks and the Tanana Valley received the heaviest rainfall in recorded history. In the 24 hours before noon on August 12, of rain fell. Average rainfall for the entire month of August is . In August 1967, fell on Fairbanks and the Tanana Valley. The unprecedented rainfall turned the Chena River into a torrent. On August 14, it passed flood stage and continued to rise. Because no hydrological equipment had been installed upstream of Fairbanks, residents were unaware of the flood's scale. All day and night on August 14, the water rose. It inundated the A-67 site and volunteers allowed water to fill the hold of the SS Nenana to keep it from floating on the rising waters and damaging buildings. In downtown Fairbanks, hundreds of volunteers built a sandbag dike around St. Joseph's Hospital to no avail. As the water crested the emergency dike, doctors, nurses, and patients evacuated to the University of Alaska on College Hill. The university, which is built on high ground, served as an evacuation point and emergency shelter for thousands of flood refugees. The civil defense director of the university expected between 700 and 800 people to take shelter at the university. Between 7,000 and 8,000 showed up as the water rose through August 14 and 15 and crammed into facilities designed to house just over 1,000 students. A helipad was set up in a parking lot, and helicopters from Eielson Air Force Base ferried supplies to the refugees. Fairbanks' power plant was flooded, so the university depended on its physical plant to provide electricity for the refugees. When the rising water threatened to flood the plant, hundreds of the refugees massed to build barricades and pump out the plant's basement.University of Alaska. "Public Service: An added dimension, Fairbanks Flood 1967, part 4", Alaska.edu. Accessed August 31, 2009. The flood had a massive effect on Fairbanks. Four people were killed, and the damage ran into the hundreds of millions of dollars. It helped push the city's remaining farm, Creamer's Dairy, into bankruptcy, and it forced the closure of St. Joseph's Hospital. Fairbanks residents responded to the problems with aplomb. The annual Tanana Valley State Fair was postponed but not canceled. Seven thousand dollars were raised to buy Creamer's Dairy and turn it into a bird sanctuary. KTVF, one of the few town businesses to have flood insurance, rebuilt its studio and became the first Fairbanks TV station to broadcast in color, four months after the flood. When two bond measures to build a government-run hospital were turned down by Fairbanks voters, residents raised $2.6 million from private contributions and $6 million from the state and federal government to build Fairbanks Memorial Hospital. In the flood's wake, the U.S. Congress passed the Flood Control Act of 1968, which provided funding to build the Chena River Lakes Flood Control Project on the Chena River upstream of Fairbanks. The project was built between 1973 and 1979 and diverts the Chena River into the Tanana River when the former river rises above a certain level. A chain of dikes were built along the Tanana River to prevent high water from that river flooding Fairbanks from the south. Many businesses benefited from low-interest federal loans to rebuild, which was done quickly. In 1969, Fairbanks was one of 11 cities honored as an "All-America City" by Look magazine and the National League of Cities in honor of its success in recovering from the flood.Gold Rush Town, p. 195 Oil boom On March 12, 1968, an Atlantic Richfield drilling crew struck oil near Prudhoe Bay, about north of Fairbanks. The resulting discovery of the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field sparked a massive boom in Fairbanks, which was the nearest city to the field. After abortive attempts to transport oil from the field using seagoing tankers and airplanes, the oil companies developing the field decided to build a pipeline. Plans were set into motion and about to move forward when legal challenges halted the project in 1970. One set of challenges, those levied by Alaska Native groups in the path of the pipeline, was settled by passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act in 1971. Thirteen major Alaska Native corporations and dozens of smaller ones were created to manage the cash payment and land grants distributed by the federal government under the act. In 1972, Fairbanks became the headquarters of Doyon, Limited, the largest of these corporations. The Fairbanks economy, which briefly boomed in the period between the discovery of oil and the legal challenge, stagnated as legal challenges dragged on. The challenges were ended by approval of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act in late 1973. When pipeline work began in early 1974, it sparked a boom in Fairbanks unlike anything since the years immediately after the city's founding. Alyeska Pipeline Service Company alone spent an estimated $800,000 a day in Fairbanks, which housed the construction headquarters on Fort Wainwright. Tens of thousands of workers poured into the city, straining the economy, infrastructure, and public works. The population of the Fairbanks North Star Borough increased by 40 percent between 1973 and 1976. The number of businesses in the area doubled during the same period. This increase in population caused many adverse effects. Municipal Utilities Service, which operated telephone service, ran out of phone numbers and the waiting list for phone connections stretched to 1,500 entries. Electric demand was so high that the power company advised homeowners to buy generators to cope with frequent brownouts. Home prices skyrocketed—a home that sold for $40,000 in 1974 was purchased for $80,000 in 1975. Home and apartment rentals were correspondingly squeezed upward by the rising prices and the demand from pipeline workers. Two-room log cabins with no plumbing rented for $500 per month. One two-bedroom home housed 45 pipeline workers who shared beds on a rotating schedule for $40 per week. The skyrocketing prices were driven by the high salaries paid to pipeline workers eager to spend their money. The high salaries caused a corresponding demand for higher wages among non-pipeline workers in Alaska. Non-pipeline businesses often could not keep up with the demand for higher wages, and job turnover was high. Yellow Cab in Fairbanks had a turnover rate of 800 percent; a nearby restaurant had a turnover rate of more than 1,000 percent. Many positions were filled by high school students promoted above their experience level. To meet the demand, Lathrop High School ran in two shifts: one in the morning and the other in the afternoon to teach students who also worked eight hours a day. More wages and more people meant higher demand for goods and services. Waiting in line became a fact of life in Fairbanks, and the Fairbanks McDonald's became No. 2 in the world for sales—behind only the recently opened Stockholm store. Alyeska and its contractors bought in bulk from local stores, causing shortages of everything from cars to tractor parts, water softener salt, batteries and ladders. The large sums of money being made and spent caused an upsurge in crime and illicit activity. This was exacerbated because police officers and state troopers resigned in large groups to become pipeline security guards at wages far exceeding those available in public-sector jobs. Fairbanks' Second Avenue became a notorious hangout for prostitutes, and dozens of bars operated throughout the town. In 1975, the Fairbanks Police Department estimated between 40 and 175 prostitutes were working in the city of 15,000 people. In the frigid temperatures of the winter months throughout the 1970s it was common to see street-walking prostitutes in downtown Fairbanks, clad fully from head-to-toe in luxuriant fur coats (and leaving everything to the imagination). Prostitutes brought pimps, who then engaged in turf fights. In 1976, police responded to a shootout between warring pimps who wielded automatic firearms. However, the biggest police issues were drunken brawls and fighting, resulting in a situation akin to the lawlessness associated with the "Wild West" of the American frontier of popular lore. By 1976, after the city's residents had endured a spike in crime, overstressed public infrastructure, and an influx of people unfamiliar with Alaska customs, 56 percent said the pipeline had changed Fairbanks for the worse. In downtown Fairbanks, overcrowding, traffic problems, and drunken rambunctiousness caused by pipeline workers pushed businesses to move into malls built away from downtown. New commercial centers like Gavora Mall, Bentley Mall, and others away from the city center drove the construction of freeways that bypassed downtown Fairbanks. Post-boom Pipeline construction ended in 1977, beginning a gradual decline in Fairbanks' economy. The loss of construction spending was mostly offset by state spending. Taxes on oil flowing through the pipeline were spent on low-interest loans, grants, and business assistance that poured money into the city. To entice businesses to return to downtown Fairbanks, the city demolished many of the bars favored by pipeline workers and attempted to attract a hotel or major business to the location. This effort was unsuccessful, and the land remained vacant until the late 1990s. Redevelopment of the Fairbanks airport was more successful. A new terminal built in 1984 functioned until 2009.Freiberg, Chris. "Remodeled terminal dedicated at Fairbanks International Airport", Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. May 7, 2009. Accessed September 1, 2009. Bolstered by grants and subsidies, cultural events and institutions grew in Fairbanks. The Fairbanks Light Opera Theatre was created in 1970, and groups such as the Fairbanks Concert Association and the Northstar Ballet were also created at about the same time.Fairbanks Concert Association. "About the Fairbanks Concert Association", fairbanksconcert.org. Accessed September 1, 2009. Fairbanks largest arts event, the Summer Arts Festival, began in 1980 and continues today."Fairbanks Journeys", p. T39 Sports facilities also benefited from the influx of state funding. The Big Dipper Ice Arena, a converted airplane hangar moved from Tanacross in 1969, went through a $5 million renovation in 1981 that allowed it to host the Arctic Winter Games the next year. In 1979, the University of Alaska built the Patty Center, the first full indoor ice arena in Interior Alaska. The same year, the school started an NCAA Division I hockey team. Wien Air Alaska, which had its headquarters in Fairbanks, was the state's largest private employer until it declared bankruptcy in 1983. The resulting shutdown cost hundreds of jobs in Fairbanks. This was a foretaste of more problems to come. In 1986, Saudi Arabia boosted oil production and oil prices plummeted. Alaska banks failed, construction came to a halt, and bankruptcies and foreclosures were common. A common practice in Fairbanks was for workers to drop their house keys off at local banks before catching a flight out of Alaska, the better to speed the foreclosure process. Although an expansion of Fort Wainwright helped the construction industry during this time, Fairbanks lost about 3,000 jobs between 1986 and 1989. The U.S. Army's 6th Infantry Division was stationed at Fort Wainwright in late 1987, but it was reduced to a single brigade and renamed in 1993. This period in the city's history also had some bright spots. To celebrate the 25th anniversary of Alaska statehood, the city commissioned a 25-foot sculpture of an Alaska Native family signifying "Alaska's first family". The statue is the centerpiece of Golden Heart Plaza, which was dedicated in 1986 on the south bank of the Chena River in the middle of downtown Fairbanks. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan and Pope John Paul II briefly met in Fairbanks after it was realized that their two separate visits to Asia would cross over Alaska at the same time. Approximately 10,000 people attended their meeting, which was the largest gathering of people in Fairbanks' history. Modern Fairbanks As oil prices rose during the 1990s, Fairbanks' economy improved. The city was also boosted by the regrowth of gold mining in the area. The Fort Knox Gold Mine north of Fairbanks opened in 1997 after several years of development, and another gold prospect is likely to be developed in the next decade. The same year that Fort Knox Mine opened, Alyeska moved 300 jobs from Anchorage to Fairbanks, making the city the base of its operations for the first time in several decades. The U.S. military remains a large presence in Fairbanks. The U.S. 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team of the 25th Infantry Division is based at Fort Wainwright, and Eielson Air Force Base remains a training and logistics hub for the U.S. Air Force. In 2009, the U.S. Army announced that it is considering basing 1,000 additional soldiers at Fort Wainwright because of its ample space. Utilities and other services also have significantly changed since 1990. Fairbanks Memorial Hospital was renovated and expanded in 1976, 1985, 1995, and 2000. In 2009, the hospital opened a new heart care center during its latest expansion. Bassett Army Hospital on Fort Wainwright went through a $132 million renovation in 2005. To meet the demand for a convention center and large sporting arena, the city paid for construction of the Carlson Center, a 5,000-seat arena that opened in 1990. In 1996, the city of Fairbanks privatized its utilities when the Municipal Utilities Service was sold to a private company. About $74 million from the sale was deposited into a savings account called the Fairbanks Permanent Fund, which was invested and managed in a fashion similar to the Alaska Permanent Fund, though residents do not receive any income from the Fairbanks Permanent Fund. References Notes Sources Allan, Chris. The Spirit of Old Main: A History of the Main School (1932-1995) (PDF). Fairbanks. Fairbanks North Star School District, 1995. Cole, Dermot. Amazing Pipeline Stories. Kenmore, Washington; Epicenter Press, 1997. Cole, Dermot. Fairbanks: A Gold Rush Town that Beat the Odds. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Press, 1999. Cole, Dermot. Historic Fairbanks: An Illustrated History. San Antonio, Texas. Historical Publishing Network, 2002. Cole, Terrence. Crooked Past: The History of a Frontier Mining Camp: Fairbanks, Alaska. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Press, 1984. Reprinted 1991. Conn, Stetson and Fairchild, Byron. The Framework of Hemisphere Defense. Center of Military History, U.S. Army. 1960.Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. "Fairbanks Journeys: Our town, from pipeline days to high-tech ways and beyond", Fairbanks Daily News-Miner Special Section. November 19, 2000. Papp, | was estimated at $1.5 million. The town was quickly rebuilt, and the town's first hospital, St. Joseph's, was built on the north bank of the Chena. Because the hospital was run by a Catholic religious order, Immaculate Conception Church was later transported across the Chena River and placed next to the hospital. In 1907, Barnette's bank was forced to temporarily close due to the Panic of 1907 and legal troubles. A new school was built, which housed 150 students. Other schools were built on the north side of the Chena River, which was separate from town. In 1908, the U.S. Army Signal Corps built a radiotelegraph tower in town, replacing the cable telegraph system to Valdez and Seattle. The tower was the tallest structure in town for decades. In 1909, Fairbanks' gold production peaked at more than $9.5 million. The town saw its first library open that year, and the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, the city's longest-lived newspaper, began publishing. Poor investments caused the bank founded by Barnette to fail in January 1911, at a time when it held more than $1 million in deposits from Fairbanks residents. In Fairbanks, the common belief was that Barnette had embezzled money from the bank. Although he was found guilty of only one of 11 charges against him, Barnette had a poor reputation in Fairbanks. For years afterward, Fairbanks newspapers referred to any robbery as "Barnetting" the subject. The accusations against Barnette were big news in a town that had little crime. Gambling and drinking were common throughout the town. Prostitution was restricted to a district separated from the rest of town by a wooden fence. The "line," as it was known, operated until the 1950s with the tacit approval of city authorities. Fights were common, but gunplay was not. As one miner recalled, not more than one man in 500 carried a gun, and while fisticuffs were common, gunfights were not. This was backed up by the experience of Northern Commercial Company stagecoach drivers, who carried more than $7 million overland during a 12-year period without a single incident. Decline In 1911, the Fairbanks Commercial Club, a group of businesses, created the slogan "Fairbanks, Alaska's Golden Heart." The slogan remains the city's motto today. In that year, Fairbanks boasted a population of more than 3,500 people, making it the largest city in Alaska. Thousands more people lived in mining camps outside the city itself. But 1910 marked the beginning of a decline in Fairbanks' fortunes. That year, less than $6 million in gold was produced—two-thirds the total of the previous year. By 1911, production was half what it had been in 1909. In 1918, it was ten percent of what it had been nine years before. The decline in production caused businesses to go out of business. Stores that sold to miners closed, as did those that supported the mines directly. World War I caused a further decline as the town's young men were drafted and sent overseas. Economic effects also were felt. A local judge later stated that the war "set Fairbanks back by 10 years" because it dried up construction and sent men overseas. After the war, the 1918 flu pandemic was particularly virulent in Alaska; it killed between 2,000 and 3,000 people in the territory. By 1923, the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner estimated fewer than 1,000 people lived in the city, and almost none at the mining camps beyond town. Slowing the decline Although Fairbanks was in decline, two major projects mitigated the worst effects of the post-gold rush slump: construction of the Alaska Railroad and the creation of the University of Alaska. Alaska Railroad In 1906, L.A. Nadeau of the Northern Pacific Railroad predicted a railroad link to the ocean would allow gold miners to bring in heavy equipment and process large amounts of low-grade ore. "Not only will the cost of living be cheaper to the miner, but he will be able to get his heavy machinery at a price low enough to enable him to work a vast quantity of low-grade ground, which cannot be touched under present conditions." Eight years after that remark, the U.S. Congress appropriated $35 million to build the Alaska Railroad system. News of the appropriation set off celebrations among Fairbanks residents who hoped its construction would prove a boon for the local economy. In 1917, the Alaska Railroad purchased the Tanana Valley Railroad, which had suffered from the wartime economic problems. The railroad line was extended westward, until it reached the town of Nenana and a construction party working north from Ship Creek, later renamed Anchorage. Until the railroad was finished and coal from Healy became available, Fairbanks burned wood as a heating source and to provide electricity. In 1913, the town burned between 12,000 and 14,000 cords of wood, with the Northern Commercial Company (owners of the power plant) burning 8,500 cords alone. President Warren G. Harding visited Fairbanks in 1923 as part of a trip to hammer in the ceremonial final spike of the railroad at Nenana. The rail yards of the Tanana Valley Railroad were converted for use by the Alaska Railroad, and Fairbanks became the northern end of the line and its second-largest depot. University of Alaska One year before Harding's visit to Fairbanks, the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines (today known as the University of Alaska Fairbanks), opened its doors to six students. The school was thought up by James Wickersham, who had risen to become Alaska's delegate to Congress. In 1915, Wickersham gained approval of a bill funding the college from the 63rd United States Congress. After the bill was approved, he traveled to Fairbanks and selected a site on a hill four miles west of Fairbanks, in what is today College, Alaska now often referred to as part of Fairbanks, and not as a separate entity. On July 4, 1915, acting "without the authority of law," he laid the cornerstone for the school. The site for the school was directly north of the U.S. Agricultural Experimental Station (Tanana Valley), an experimental farm created by Charles Christian Georgeson in 1907. The farm was a project by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to explore the agricultural potential of Interior Alaska. By 1916, one year after the founding of the University of Alaska, the experimental farm employed 20 people. As mining declined in the Fairbanks area, some miners turned to homesteading. Under the Homestead Act, many miners applied for grants of land from the federal government and established farms around the city. A 1919 survey by the U.S. Geological Survey identified 94 homesteads within six miles of Fairbanks. Also listed were two tungsten mills and 16 gold mills. Agriculture in the area was spurred by food and fodder shortages during the winters of 1913, 1915, and 1916. Fairbanks businessmen also encouraged the growth of farming. Wickersham provided more funding for the experimental farm, the Tanana Valley Railroad provided free grain seed acquired from an experimental farm in Sweden, and William Fentress Thompson, the editor of the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, wrote frequent editorials supporting more farming. Prominent Fairbanks businessmen formed the Alaska Loyal League, a group that encouraged farming. Farmers also created the Tanana Valley State Fair in 1924 to demonstrate their agricultural success. It is Alaska's oldest state fair and still operates today.Papp, p. 19 Despite these moves, the agriculture movement in Fairbanks had only limited success. A farmers' bank established in 1917 to provide loans for equipment purchases went out of business two years later, and although the Alaska Railroad allowed for cheaper shipment of tractors and other agricultural equipment, it also permitted a steady supply of food shipments to Fairbanks. In 1929, Alaska farms met only about 10 percent of the state's food demand. By 1931, the University of Alaska had grown to the point that the experimental farm was annexed by the school. Dredging era After the completion of the Alaska Railroad, it became economically feasible to bring in heavy equipment and build gold dredges to work the large amount of low-grade ore that remained after the Fairbanks Gold Rush. The best example of this is the construction of Davidson Ditch, a aqueduct built between 1924 and 1929 to provide water for gold dredging. Fairbanks Exploration Company (FE Co.), a division of the United States Smelting, Refining and Mining Company, built both the aqueduct and many of the dredges that used its water to process ore. Large-scale dredging began in 1928, and FE Co. became the town's biggest employer. It built the biggest power plant in Alaska to provide electricity for the dredges, and it built pumping stations to provide them with water from the Chena and other rivers. In 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt fixed the price of gold at $35 per ounce. This price increase encouraged mining and insulated Fairbanks from the Great Depression. When Roosevelt called for a bank holiday to alleviate the worst effects of the depression, Fairbanks banks declined, saying they didn't need one. Large-scale dredging peaked in 1940, when 209,000 ounces of gold were produced in the Fairbanks area. After the outbreak of World War II in the United States, the federal government closed most gold-mining operations, deeming them unessential to the war effort. In 1932, Fairbanks' two-story school, built in 1907, burned to the ground. A new, $150,000 three-story concrete art deco building was proposed as a replacement, and after heated debate, a $100,000 bond measure was approved in 1933. On January 22, 1934, the new school opened. It had space for about 500 students, but the town's growth required renovation and expansion in 1939 and 1948.Allan, p. 17 Paving Fairbanks Until 1938, Fairbanks lacked paved streets. The town's dirt roads turned to dust in summer and thick mud in spring and fall, causing problems as Fairbanks' population grew in the 1930s. In 1937, the mayor of Fairbanks, E. B. Collins, proposed using a federal grant and city bonds to pave the roads, but he was turned down by voters. The next year, he tried again and was successful. By 1940, the first of paved road was complete. Aviation About the time of the completion of the Alaska Railroad and the beginning of the dredging era in Fairbanks, Alaska's aviation industry began to take off. The first airplane flight in Alaska took place in Fairbanks on July 4, 1913, when a barnstormer flew from a field south of town. The aircraft had been crated and sent from Seattle via Skagway and Whitehorse. The pilot subsequently tried to sell the aircraft, but had no takers. Alaska's first commercial aircraft didn't arrive until June 1923, when Noel Wien began flying a Curtiss JN-4 on mail routes between Fairbanks and isolated communities. From Fairbanks, Wien became the first person to fly to Anchorage and cross the Arctic Circle in an airplane. Given Alaska's limited road and rail infrastructure, the territorial government saw the advantages of aerial transport. In 1925, the territorial legislature authorized the spending of up to $40,000 per year on airfield construction. Between that year and 1927, more than 20 airfields were built. By 1930, Alaska had more than 100. In Fairbanks, airplanes flew from a field that doubled as a baseball diamond until 1931, when the city bought the field, installed infrastructure, and named it Weeks Field. By the late 1930s, there were more than four dozen airplanes in the town of about 3,000 people, giving Fairbanks the reputation of having the most airplanes per capita in the world. Because of Fairbanks' location halfway between New York City and Tokyo, it became a crucial stop on the first around-the-world flights. Wiley Post's 1933 solo circumnavigation stopped in Fairbanks, as did Howard Hughes' 1938 effort. Military flights also used Fairbanks as a base. In 1920, the first flight from the contiguous United States to Alaska used Fairbanks as a base. In 1934, a flight of Martin B-10 bombers flew from Washington, D.C. to Fairbanks, ostensibly to demonstrate the feasibility of long-range bomber deployments. In reality, the bombers flew photographic missions intended to scout locations for military airfields to be built in the territory. Military era In his final public appearance, U.S. Army General Billy Mitchell said, "I believe that, in the future, whoever holds Alaska will hold the world... I think it is the most important strategic place in the world." That year, Congress passed the Wilcox National Air Defense Act, which provided for a new airbase in Alaska for cold-weather testing and training. A survey team visited Fairbanks in 1936, and in 1937, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued Executive Order 7596, which set aside of public land east of Fairbanks for the new airbase, which was named Ladd Army Airfield after Army pilot Arthur Ladd. Preliminary construction began in summer 1939, a few days before Germany invaded Poland to start World War II. The first runway was finished in September 1940, and the base was dedicated then, before most of the buildings were complete. In the first winter after the dedication, soldiers practiced flying and servicing aircraft in subzero weather conditions. More than 1,000 workers, most of whom were hired from outside Alaska, worked on the project through 1941. Despite these outside workers, the construction effort caused unemployment to almost vanish in Fairbanks, causing a large demand for labor. Fairbanks' economy grew, and the city's second<http://www.akhistorycourse.org/articles/article.php?artID=178> radio station, KFAR, began broadcasting on October 1, 1939. Hangars and base buildings were completed in summer 1941, but the second winter of cold-weather testing was interrupted by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. World War II Fairbanks received word of the attack on Pearl Harbor via civilian shortwave radio operators who passed the news to the U.S. Army base. More than 200 civil defense volunteers immediately signed up for work that included orchestrating a town blackout, blocking town airfields, and making emergency plans to evacuate the town if attacked. In June 1942, the invasion of the Aleutian Islands and the bombing of Dutch Harbor intensified the war's effect on Fairbanks. Ladd Field's cold-weather testing detachment was disbanded as its soldiers were used to bolster Alaska defenses at other locations. During summer 1942, more soldiers arrived in Fairbanks to replace those moved away from town. Fairbanks residents were drafted to work at Ladd Field because the U.S. Army believed Alaskans were best experienced in cold-weather work. After gold mining was suspended during the war, the Army leased FE Co. offices and requisitioned supplies from Fairbanks businesses. Wartime demand and the draft caused a severe labor shortage in Fairbanks, and supplies of various food and commercial products were interrupted beyond the wartime rationing in the rest of the country. Crime also increased, and because the U.S. Army was placed in wartime control of the Alaska Territory, all newspapers and letters to and from Fairbanks were censored. To alleviate shortages and supply the war effort, the U.S. Army and the Canadian government began construction of the Alaska Highway, which connected the Canadian road network to Alaska's Richardson Highway and Fairbanks. The highway was completed in fall 1942 and regular traffic began in 1943. As work on the highway took place, war supplies were already reaching Fairbanks through the air. The Northwest Staging Route, a chain of airfields, ended at Fairbanks. Starting in February 1942, supply aircraft began landing in Fairbanks to supply the war effort in Alaska. In summer 1942, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in an extension of the Lend-Lease effort to Russia. Using the Northwest Staging Route, aircraft were flown from Great Falls, Montana, to Ladd Field. At Ladd Field, the aircraft were turned over to Soviet pilots, who flew them to Nome and on to the Soviet Union. Fairbanks was chosen as a transfer location because it was more protected from potential Japanese attack than Nome. Starting in fall 1942, large numbers of Soviet soldiers arrived in Fairbanks to work with the U.S. soldiers already in the town. The massive Lend-Lease effort required additional facilities to be built in and near Fairbanks. Ladd Field expanded, and the grounds of the U.S. Army post expanded until it met the city limits of Fairbanks. The University of Alaska, which saw most of its students taken up by the draft, provided office and dormitory space for U.S. and Soviet soldiers. Its professors also contributed to the war effort with specially created Russian language classes. Russian airmen were regular customers of Fairbanks stores, and they bought large amounts of consumer goods unavailable at home. To meet demand when Ladd Field was unusable due to fog, an airfield now known as Eielson Air Force Base was built southeast of Fairbanks. Although there were some conflicts between Soviet and U.S. soldiers and civilians, Lend-Lease operations in Fairbanks continued through the end of the war, and when Lend-Lease ended in September 1945, 7,926 aircraft and tons of cargo had been transferred to Soviet officials in Fairbanks. Cold War By fall 1945, Ladd Field had grown to encompass almost 5,000 military personnel and acres of runways and buildings. Despite a brief lull as the U.S. Army demobilized after World War II, activity in Fairbanks remained high as the Cold War began. The population of the Fairbanks area grew by 240 percent between 1940 and 1950, then doubled between 1950 and 1953. This growth strained the city's infrastructure: schools, water, power, sewer, and telephone systems were all overstressed by new arrivals and expansion. Suburbs sprang up around Fairbanks, which began annexing them in turn. In 1952, the city's boundaries grew from to , with another soon after. More than a dozen subdivisions and housing developments filled the area between Fairbanks city limits and College, and the city's border advanced westward until it met the College city limit. The burgeoning town stopped to commemorate its roots with the Golden Days Festival, a weeklong celebration of Fairbanks history that started to mark the 50th anniversary of the discovery of gold. The annual festival continues today. The University of Alaska also grew during this period. In 1946, Congress appropriated money to build a Geophysical Institute to study Arctic phenomena such as the aurora borealis. The institute was established in 1949 and spurred the university's growth as the GI Bill simultaneously boosted the student population. Elementary education also developed as the Fairbanks Independent School District (the precursor to today's Fairbanks North Star Borough School District) was established in 1947 to collect school taxes from areas outside the city limits that were sending students to Fairbanks' school. The Golden Valley Electric Association, an electrical cooperative, was founded in the 1940s to provide electricity to areas outside Fairbanks city limits. In 1953, it bought the FE Co. power plant that served Fairbanks and provided electricity to customers as varied as Fairbanks' second radio station, KFRB, and the town's largest farm, Creamer's Dairy. A new airport opened on Oct. 15, 1951, to replace Weeks Field, which had been encroached upon by the town's growth, including Denali Elementary School, the town's first new school since the 1930s. The new Fairbanks International Airport began serving DC-6s, which cut the travel time from Seattle to six hours from eight. The new airport also attracted an over-the-pole test flight by Scandinavian Airlines System, but the airline eventually chose Anchorage as a refueling point for flights from Stockholm to Tokyo. Ground transportation also improved in Fairbanks, as a major program to pave downtown roads began in 1953 with the goal of coating 30 blocks. New military facilities sprang up around Fairbanks and further away. The Haines - Fairbanks 626 mile long 8" petroleum products pipeline was constructed during the period 1953–55. The city was a staging area for the construction of the Distant Early Warning Line, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System at Clear Air Station, and several Nike Hercules air defense missile batteries. The first skyscrapers were built in Fairbanks during this period: the eight-story Northward Building and the Hill (later Polaris) Building were built in the first half of the 1950s. The first traffic lights were installed during the same period. Fairbanks' first television station, KTVF Channel 11, began broadcasting on February 17, 1955. The city's first dedicated high school, Lathrop High (originally Fairbanks High), also began operating in 1955. In the four years that followed, four new elementary schools opened, taking the burden off Main School, which became Main Junior High School. Statehood During the 1950s, agitation grew in Alaska for the territory to become a state. Alaskans could not vote in presidential elections and had a territorial legislature with limited powers. Efforts to lobby federal legislators for an Alaska statehood bill met with limited success, so prominent territorial officials decided to draft a state constitution to prove Alaska's readiness to become a state. On November 8, 1955, 55 elected delegates gathered at the University of Alaska to begin drafting a state constitution. The resulting debates lasted more than two months and caused a sensation in Fairbanks. Debates of the constitutional convention were broadcast on Fairbanks radio, and the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner dedicated daily reports to the progress of the convention. On February 5, 1956, the delegates signed the constitution before 1,000 people who crowded into the University of Alaska gymnasium. The building where deliberations took place was subsequently named Constitution Hall. On June 30, 1958, the U.S. Senate voted 64–20 to accept Alaska as a state. The news set off massive celebrations in Fairbanks. Residents set off fireworks, an impromptu parade took place down Cushman Street, the city's main road, and an attempt to dye the Chena River gold in celebration instead turned it green. The celebration was capped when residents used weather balloons to lift a wide wooden star painted gold and emblazoned with "49" into the air. The balloons lifted it, then drifted into power lines, causing a 16-minute power outage across the city. President Dwight Eisenhower officially signed the new state into the United States on January 3, 1959, putting the Alaska constitution into effect. The new state's constitution called for the creation of borough governments to help manage the new state. Fairbanks and other areas were reluctant to impose an additional layer of government on themselves, and balked. In 1963, the Alaska Legislature passed the Mandatory Borough Act, which required the eight most populous areas of the state to form organized boroughs by 1964. Students from Fairbanks schools chose "North Star" as the Fairbanks' borough's name, and the Fairbanks North Star Borough came into existence on January 1, 1964. The years after statehood saw the military boom continue to boost the Fairbanks economy and growth of the city. Fairbanks International Airport's runway was lengthened to 11,500 feet to accommodate jet aircraft. The George Parks Highway was built from Fairbanks to Anchorage and Denali National Park, encouraging tourism. Homes were built on the hills to the north of Fairbanks for the first time, roads were repaved and smoothed, and sidewalks replaced dirt paths. The growth had a price, however. Many of the structures built during Fairbanks' founding were torn down in the name of urban renewal. The first home built in Fairbanks was demolished, as were the final homes remaining on "the line", Fairbanks' prostitution district. In 1960, the U.S. Air Force made plans to close Ladd Airfield and transfer its functions to nearby Eielson Air Force Base and Elmendorf Air Force Base near Anchorage. When the decision was publicly announced, it was met with almost unanimous opposition by Fairbanks residents and businesses in the area. Although the Air Force held firm in its decision to transfer out of the base, the U.S. Army took over the post on January 1, 1961 and renamed it Fort Wainwright.Gold Rush Town, p. 179 The arts scene in Fairbanks also grew during this time. The Fairbanks Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1959, and the Fairbanks Drama Association was created in 1963. The Alaska Goldpanners baseball team was founded in 1959 as the city's first professional sports team. The next year, the Goldpanners hosted their first annual Midnight Sun Baseball Game, a tradition that had been conducted since 1905 and continues under the Goldpanners' auspices today. Through the 1960s, Fairbanks became much more like small towns in the Lower 48 as communications, transportation, and utilities improved. The Great Flood In 1967, Alaska celebrated 100 years since its purchase by the United States from Russia. To celebrate the event, Fairbanksans built A-67 (later Alaskaland and today Pioneer Park), a theme park celebrating the history of Fairbanks and Alaska. At a site away from downtown Fairbanks, it features pioneer cabins, historic exhibits, and the steamer SS Nenana, one of the steamboats that traveled Interior Alaska rivers during the gold rush era. The summer exposition that opened the park in July 1967 was attended by U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey but was plagued by rain, financial problems, and low attendance. One month after the celebration of Alaska's centennial, the worst disaster in Fairbanks history took place. In July 1967, Fairbanks received of rain, almost double the July average of . Then between August 11 and August 13, Fairbanks and the Tanana Valley received the heaviest rainfall in recorded history. In the 24 hours before noon on August 12, of rain fell. Average rainfall for the entire month of August is . In August 1967, fell on Fairbanks and the Tanana Valley. The unprecedented rainfall turned the Chena River into a torrent. On August 14, it passed flood stage and continued to rise. Because no hydrological equipment had been installed upstream of Fairbanks, residents were unaware of the flood's scale. All day and night on August 14, the water rose. It inundated the A-67 site and volunteers allowed water to fill the hold of the SS Nenana to keep it from floating on the rising waters and damaging buildings. In downtown Fairbanks, hundreds of volunteers built a sandbag dike around St. Joseph's Hospital to no avail. As the water crested the emergency dike, doctors, nurses, and patients evacuated to the University of Alaska on College Hill. The university, which is built on high ground, served as an evacuation point and emergency shelter for thousands of flood refugees. The civil defense director of the university expected between 700 and 800 people to take shelter at the university. Between 7,000 and 8,000 showed up as the water rose through August 14 and 15 and crammed into facilities designed to house just over 1,000 students. A helipad was set up in a parking lot, and helicopters from Eielson Air Force Base ferried supplies to the refugees. Fairbanks' power plant was flooded, so the university depended on its physical plant to provide electricity for the refugees. When the rising water threatened to flood the plant, hundreds of the refugees massed to build barricades and pump out the plant's basement.University of Alaska. "Public Service: An added dimension, Fairbanks Flood 1967, part 4", Alaska.edu. Accessed |
22nd Mountain Infantry Division (Poland) | 22e division d'infanterie (Pologne) |
When he joined Toru Osawa and Jin Ikeda, he was the third staff member to work on the game that would become The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. | Ele juntou-se Toru Osawa e Jin Ikeda, tornando-se a terceira pessoa a começar a trabalhar no título que transformaria-se em The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. |
Katsura battled back, the score 43–42 in her favor by inning 33, but Matsuyama ran three in the 46th inning, and Katsura could not close the gap. | Katsura contraatacó, el marcador estaba a 43-42 a su favor en la entrada 33, pero Matsuyama corrió tres en la entrada 46, y Katsura no pudo cerrar la brecha. |
is colic in babies worse at night? | Crying usually occurs at the same time every day: Although colic can happen at any time, day or night, most babies experience it later in the afternoon or at night, and it will usually happen at the same time on most days. |
Stanton retreated into a small, dark, windowless office, emerging periodically with new script pages. | 斯坦顿退回到黑暗没窗户的小办公室里，定期推敲新的剧本。 |
Rising Sun Pictures did the digital correction of day for night scenes, the destruction of the submarine and Marcus' robot hand. | La Rising Sun Pictures fece la correzione digitale per l'effetto notte, la distruzione del sottomarino e la mano robotica di Marcus. |
also used as a space where gender discrimination within the art world was called out. In the first two editions the magazine, a column called "Male Chauvinist Exposé" was featured in the journal. Both individual people and institutions, ranging from newspapers, to museums, to universities were denounced for sexist language and actions. Over time, the publication's exposés became decreased as the journal focused more on living female artists, regularly conducting interviews that covered the artist's childhood, career, education, influences, gender role/career balance, and even any relationship with a male artist. In 1975, in an attempt to appeal to a larger readership, Cindy Nemser changed the format of the journal from an ad-free tabloid style to an ad-inclusive journal. This change ultimately did not help the journal survive. The magazine folded in 1977 due to financial strain.. In an interview, Patricia Mainardi claimed that journals like The Feminist Art Journal saw their demise because they had reached their goals. More mainstream publications were pressured into paying attention to female artists after the gained success of publications like The Feminist Art Journal, so journals that were specifically devoted to female artists became devalued. Artists featured Janet Fish Natalia Goncharova Barbara Hepworth Harriet Hosmer Gertrude Käsebier Marie de Medici Joan Mitchell Yvonne Rainer Joyce Reopel See also Feminist Art Criticism Redstockings External links The first issue of the Feminist Art Journal Jstor's Reveal Digital category includes many Feminist Art Journals in its collection References Defunct magazines published in the United States Feminism in the United States Feminist art organizations in the United States Feminist | Women and Art, a publication funded by the Redstocking Artists. That magazine had originally intended to cover topics surrounding the American feminist art movement,, but only one issue was ever published due to internal discord. That magazine's successor was The Feminist Art Journal, which was founded in Brooklyn in 1972. The Journal had a three-part mission:1) To be the voice of women artists in the art world; 2) To improve the status of all women artists; and 3) To expose sexist exploitation and discrimination. In the same year the magazine was founded, Cindy Nemser became the sole editor of the journal, and, in 1975, her husband joined her as a co-editor. The majority of the articles written in The Feminist Art Journal were all authored by women, however. Some of the prominent contributors included Faith Ringgold, Marcia Tucker, Howardena Pindell, and Faith Bromberg. In its five-year run, The Feminist Art Journal published interviews with breakthrough female artists, and included creative writing pieces and art historical essays to keep the content consistently diverse. Featured artists worked in all mediums, and over twenty historical profiles of female figures in art were published. The |
can drinking ice water make you sick? | If you're trying to treat a cold or flu, drinking cold water might make your congestion feel worse. There are some health conditions that drinking cold water can aggravate. Drinking cold water was linked in 2001 to triggering migraines in people that already experience migraine. |
What is the purpose of the dozens of squiggly milled channels in an automatic transmission case? | Those channels provide the fluid flow path to the various spool valves in the valve body. There is a steel separator plate that is sandwiched between the valve body and the transmission case. The fluid crosses over from the case, through the plate, and to the valve body. The fluid circuits are quite complex (see the link below) _URL_0_ As technology has advanced, more automatic transmissions are using electrically operated valves to control shift function, but the need for all of the fluid flow passages in the transmission case and the valve body still exists. |
The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. | A luz forma uma onda portadora eletromagnética que é modulated para transportar informação. |
Jacobsen (1986:108) wrote, "When there are two variants of a feature, generally one is found in a more northerly area and the other in a more southerly one, but the lines separating the two areas for the different features do not always coincide." | Jacobsen (1986:108) escribió, «cuando existen dos variantes de una característica, generalmente una se encuentra en un área más septentrional y la otra en un área más meridional, aunque las líneas que separan ambas áreas para diferentes características no siempre coinciden», es decir, existe un haz disperson de isoglosas. |
do independent contractors have to give notice? | As a freelancer or contractor, you have no right to a notice period, but that doesn't mean the contract can't be terminated early by your side – you just have to negotiate a settlement position that suits both sides. |
Over the past 10 years, we have been paying bails for low-income residents of New York City, and what we have learned has exploded our ideas of why people come back to court and how the criminal legal system itself is operated. | За последние 10 лет мы выплачивали залог за бедных жителей Нью-Йорка, и то, что мы выяснили, в корне поменяло наше понимание того, почему люди повторно приходят в суд и как работает сама правовая система. |
Four girls do backbends while playing outdoors. | A group of girls are outside. |
who says Hitler was worse than bush?why? | Hitlers plan was to correct evolution and erradicate entire races of people who had made the human race "soft" - and publically stated this. Bush has not been proven to be as radical or as insane yet. |
what type of fires can a foam fire extinguisher be used on? | Foam extinguishers Foam fire extinguishers can be used on Class A and B fires. They are most suited to extinguishing liquid fires such as petrol or diesel and are more versatile than water jet extinguishers because they can also be used on solids such as wood and paper. |
This idea of fix is suggestive and could mean fix as in stabilize, heal or solve, or as in a junky needing a fix—the idea of preventing feeling worse in order to feel better. | Esta idea de solución es sugestiva y podría significar una solución como estabilizar, sanar o resolver, o que necesita una solución: la idea de evitar sentirse peor para sentirse mejor. |
Over 100 pictures chart move from Napoleonic sail to submersibles .
Previously unseen collection compiled by Captain John Moreton .
Expected to fetch several thousand at auction later this month . | An astonishing photograph album created by one of the men who helped launch Britain’s first submarines has emerged for the first time after it was released by his family. The previously unseen pictures show the embryonic stages of the submersible machines from the very first years of the 20th century. Cpt John Moreton’s album also includes snaps from the late 19th century and captures the time when the Napoleonic era of sail was being replaced by newer technologies. Emerging naval power: This photo in Captain John Moreton's incredible album shows a submarine with HMS Victory in the background, depicting the changing technologies from sail to submersibles . Going under: A sequence of pictures showing one of the very early submarines submerging. The album has delighted naval enthusiasts and is expected to fetch thousands at auction . The discovery has delighted naval enthusiasts and it gives a glimpse into a past world when the British Empire that was built through her navy was still all-powerful. Moreton was a protege of Admiral Sir Reginald Bacon who pushed for the development of subs despite much opposition. Some of the pictures show the great vessels of previous eras including Lord Nelson’s ship HMS Victory that helped defeat the French and Spanish navies at Trafalgar in 1805. She is seen afloat and clearly remained a commissioned vessel, flying the white ensign. The album includes well over 100 . photos mostly taken at Portsmouth, Hants, and shows the brave men who . crewed the experimental submarines. Both . Bacon and Moreton moved to the brand new destroyer Dreadnought after . she was launched in 1906, and this powerful ship is also pictured. Its design redefined the battleship, making all previous ships out of date. There . includes an amazing shot of a broadside of a Majestic-class ship, and . shows her in a cloud of smoke made from the firing of her huge guns. Another . photo shows a dockside scene at Portsmouth with crowds of people, . including ladies under parasols and a police constable. The man himself: Cpt Moreton stands proudly on top of a submarine, a technology he was instrumental in bringing to the British navy . Pioneers: Some of the brave crew who manned the experimental machines with a sub moored alongside a depot ship in Portsmouth . In it, a Royal Sovereign class steam . ship is pictured afloat as well as two men-of-war from the Napoleonic . era, including one of which is the Victory, the other may be the Duke of . Wellington. Another shot . shows HMS Dreadnought - the most modern ship of the time - with HMS . Victory in the background, representing over 100 years of Royal Navy . vessels. And between them, . three submarines can be seen - representing the future. One shot shows . Moreton himself standing on the deck of a submarine with his arms . akimbo. The first British sub, H1, was launched in 1901, and the album includes photos of H2 and H3 that followed shortly afterwards. They were named ‘H’ after John . Holland, an Irish-born American who perfected the working submarine. There is a picture of one sub moored to the side of a ship, HMS Hazard, . and others show them submerging. The boats didn’t have proper names . because there was a feeling that submarine warfare was a bit underhand. Indeed, Admiral Sir Arthur Wilson VC in 1901 described them as . ‘underhand, unfair and damned un-English.’ Incredible insight: The album, which has come into public view for the first time after permission was granted by Cpt Moreton's family, will go up for auction on April 25 . New technology: Admiral Sir Reginald Bacon and officers on HMS Hazard, a ship that supported the submarine experiments, in 1901 . However, . with Lord ‘Jacky’ Fisher pushing for the technology and backing Admiral . Sir Reginald Bacon, submarine development advanced quickly. And with Bacon supporting talented men such as Cpt Moreton, submarines became an accepted arm of the senior service. The . album is to go under the hammer at Charles Miller auctions in London on . April 25 and is expected to fetch several thousand pounds. Mr Miller said: ‘This is an extraordinary and fascinating album that was compiled by Cpt John Moreton. He was a protege of Admiral Sir Reginald Bacon whose work on submarines had the important backing of Lord Jacky Fisher. ‘There was a feeling at first that submarines were a little underhand and people looked down on them. But Jacky Fisher correctly predicted they would be important and this albums records the very early days. ‘And it straddles the modern era of ships such as Dreadnought with the past era of sail typified by HMS Victory. Between them is the story of the development of the submarine. They were very small and were expensive to develop. Past and future: HMS Dreadnaught in the front, HMS Victory in the distance and between them three submarines . Historic: The dock at Portsmouth with a Royal Sovereign class ship on the left and HMS Victory to starboard . ‘They didn’t even have proper names because they weren’t considered important enough. ‘These photos show pictures of the crews and it really is a wonderful record of this period of our naval history.’ Wyn Davies, a maritime heritage expert and author, said: ‘This looks like a splendid collection of photographs of some historic importance. ‘In one shot alone there is a battleship, plus HMS Dreadnought, HMS Victory, a survey vessel or colonial gunboat and three submarines. ‘The album shows vessels from the 18th century right through to HMS Dreadnought and the submarines that represent the future.’ Moreton was promoted to commander in 1909 transferred ultimately to the Indomitable. He had a distinguished career in the Great War, gaining the DSO and promotion to captain. He died of pneumonia in 1920 aged 43 while on active service. |
I've been secretly doing that. | Радим то у тајности. |
Who is that gentleman to whom he is speaking? | Wer ist der Herr, mit dem er spricht? |
By this time, Mott had a number of German refugees working for him, and lacked positions for them all. | Bu zamanda Mott birçok Alman mülteci ile çalışıyordu ve hepsi için pozisyon yokluğu yaşıyordu. |
West Air Sweden | وست ایر سوئد |
which college has the most national titles? | Alabama can claim the most NCAA titles in the poll era, with only three of its 15 coming prior. With the 15th title — a win in the College Football Playoff in 2017, coach Nick Saban tied the legendary Bear Bryant with five championships recognized by the NCAA. |
Therefore, Cicero must have given his consent for a marriage in advance, for a Roman citizen could not get married without the approval of the paterfamilias. | Portanto, Cícero deve ter dado seu consentimento para o casamento antecipadamente, pois um cidadão romano não poderia se casar sem a aprovação dos pater familias. |
can i get text of song 'Nothing gonna change my love for you, Glen? | Sung By Glenn Medeiros\n\nIf I had to live my life without you near me \nThe days would all be empty \nThe nights would seem so long \nWith you I see forever oh so clearly \nI might have been in love before \nBut it never felt this strong \n\nOur dreams are young \nAnd we both know they'll take us \nWhere we want to go \n\n(Chorus 1) \nHold me now \nTouch me now \nI don't want to live without you \n\n(Chorus 2) \nNothing's gonna change my love for you \nYou ought know by now how much I love you \nOne thing you can be sure of \nI'll never ask for more than your love \n\n(Chorus 3) \nNothing's gonna change my love for you \nYou ought know by now how much I love you \nThe world may change my whole life through \nBut nothing's gonna change my love for you \n\nIf the road ahead is not so easy, \nOur love will lead the way for us \nLike a guiding star \nI'll be there for you if you should need me \nYou don't have to change a thing \nI love you just the way you are \nSo come with me and share the view \nI'll help you see forever too \n\n(Repeat Chorus 1) \n\n(Repeat Chorus 2) \n\n(Repeat Chorus 3) \n\n(Repeat Chorus 2) (2X) \n\n(Repeat Chorus 3) \n\n(Repeat Chorus 2) |
To deploy forces to international peace support operations. | لنشر قوات دولية في عمليات دعم السلام. |
Why aren't purveyors of pornography required to mark their photos so a computer can stop it if so desired? | Because porn comes from so many different sources, both amatuer and professional, that enforcing this law would be almost impossible. Not to mention, how are you going to enforce this law in places out side of the US? Especially when you consider that not all places and people consider porn to be morally wrong.\n\nOn a side note,I have recently heard a rumor saying that ezekielsdreams has achieved one of the lowest possible scores on a recent IQ test. Initially, I dismissed this rumor as nothing more then rumor, however after seeing his statement above I am beginning to wonder... |
It holds collections of icons and crosses from the 17th century, the very first Bible in Romanian (Bucharest, 1688), and many other precious objects. | V njem so zbirke ikon in križev iz 17. stoletja, prvo Sveto pismo v romunščini (Bukarešta, 1688) in številni drugi dragoceni predmeti. |
Four other Septenkéro operations will still be conducted between 8 and 25 March. | Quatre autres opérations Septenkéro seront cependant encore menées entre les 8 et 25 mars,. |
Order, The Man with the Blue Guitar, Parts of a World, and Transport to Summer. These were all written before Stevens took up the writing of his well-received poem The Auroras of Autumn. In 1950–51, when Stevens received news that Santayana had retired to live at a retirement institution in Rome for his final years, Stevens composed his poem "To an Old Philosopher in Rome": It is a kind of total grandeur at the end, With every visible thing enlarged and yet No more than a bed, a chair and moving nuns, The immensest theatre, the pillowed porch, The book and candle in your ambered room. Last illness and death According to Mariani, Stevens had a large, corpulent figure throughout most of his life, standing at 6 feet 2 inches and weighing as much as 240 pounds. Some of his doctors put him on medical diets. On March 28, 1955, Stevens went to see Dr. James Moher for accumulating detriments to his health. Moher's examination did not reveal anything, and he ordered Stevens to undergo an x-ray and barium enema on April 1, neither of which showed anything. On April 19 Stevens underwent a G.I. series that revealed diverticulitis, a gallstone, and a severely bloated stomach. Stevens was admitted to St. Francis Hospital and on April 26 was operated on by Dr. Benedict Landry. It was determined that Stevens was suffering from stomach cancer in the lower region by the large intestines and blocking the normal digestion of food. Lower tract oncology of a malignant nature was almost always a mortal diagnosis in the 1950s. This was withheld from Stevens, but his daughter Holly was fully informed and advised not to tell her father. Stevens was released in a temporarily improved ambulatory condition on May 11 and returned to his home to recuperate. His wife insisted on trying to attend to him as he recovered but she had suffered a stroke in the previous winter and was not able to assist as she had hoped. Stevens entered the Avery Convalescent Hospital on May 20. By early June he was still sufficiently stable to attend a ceremony at the University of Hartford to receive an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree. On June 13 he traveled to New Haven to collect an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Yale University. On June 20 he returned to his home and insisted on working for limited hours. On July 21 Stevens was readmitted to St. Francis Hospital and his condition deteriorated. On August 1, though bedridden, he revived sufficiently to speak some parting words to his daughter before falling asleep after normal visiting hours were over; he was found deceased the next morning, August 2, at 8:30. He is buried in Hartford's Cedar Hill Cemetery. In his biography, Mariani indicates that friends of Stevens were aware that throughout his years and many visits to New York City Stevens was in the habit of visiting St Patrick's Cathedral for meditative purposes while in New York. Stevens debated questions of theodicy during his final weeks with Fr. Arthur Hanley, chaplain of St. Francis Hospital in Hartford, where Stevens spent his last days suffering from stomach cancer and was eventually converted to Catholicism in April 1955 by Hanley.Maria J. Cirurgião, "Last Farewell and First Fruits: The Story of a Modern Poet ." Lay Witness (June 2000). This purported deathbed conversion is disputed, particularly by Stevens's daughter, Holly, who was not present at the time of the conversion, according to Hanley. The conversion has been confirmed by both Hanley and a nun present at the time of the conversion and communion.Mariani, Paul. The Whole Harmonium: The Life of Wallace Stevens – April 5, 2016. Pages 398–408. Stevens's obituary in the local newspaper was minimal at the family's request as to the details of his death. The obituary for Stevens that appeared in Poetry magazine was assigned to William Carlos Williams, who felt it suitable and justified to compare Stevens's poetry to Dante's Vita Nuova and Milton's Paradise Lost. At the end of his life, Stevens had left uncompleted his larger ambition to rewrite Dante's Divine Comedy for those who "live in the world of Darwin and not the world of Plato." Reception Early 20th century The initial reception of Stevens's poetry followed the publication of his first collection of poems, Harmonium, in the early 1920s. Comments on the poems were made by fellow poets and a small number of critics including William Carlos Williams and Hi Simons. In her book on Stevens's poetry, Helen Vendler writes that much of the early reception of his poems was oriented to symbolic reading of them, often using simple substitution of metaphors and imagery for their asserted equivalents in meaning. For Vendler, this method of reception and interpretation was often limited in its usefulness and would eventually be replaced by more effective forms of literary evaluation and review. Late 20th century After Stevens's death in 1955, the literary interpretation of his poetry and critical essays began to flourish with full-length books written about his poems by such prominent literary scholars as Vendler and Harold Bloom. Vendler's two books on Stevens's poetry distinguished his short poems and his long poems and suggested that they be considered under separate forms of literary interpretation and critique. Her studies of the longer poems are in her book On Extended Wings and lists Stevens's longer poems as including The Comedian as the Letter C, Sunday Morning, Le Monocle de Mon Oncle, Like Decorations in the Nigger Cemetery, Owl's Clover, The Man with the Blue Guitar, Examination of the Hero in a Time of War, Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction, Esthetique du Mal, Description without Place, Credences of Summer, The Auroras of Autumn, and his last and longest poem An Ordinary Evening in New Haven.Notes Toward a Supreme Poetry - The New York Times Another full-length study of Stevens's poetry in the late 20th century is Daniel Fuchs's The Comic Spirit of Wallace Stevens. Early 21st century Interest in the reading and reception of Stevens's poetry continues into the early 21st century with a full volume dedicated in the Library of America to his collected writings and poetry. In his book on the reading of Stevens as a poet of what he calls "philosophical poetry", Charles Altieri presents his own reading of such philosophers as Hegel and Wittgenstein while presenting a speculative interpretation of Stevens under this approach. In his 2016 book Things Merely Are: Philosophy in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens, Simon Critchley indicates a refinement of the appreciation of the interaction of reality and poetry in Stevens's poems, writing: "Steven's late poems stubbornly show how the mind cannot seize hold of the ultimate nature of reality that faces it. Reality retreats before the imagination that shapes and orders it. Poetry is therefore the experience of failure. As Stevens puts it in a famous late poem, the poet gives us ideas about the thing, not the thing itself." Interpretation The reception and interpretation of Stevens's poetry have been widespread and of diverse orientation. In their book The Fluent Mundo Leonard and Wharton define at least four schools of interpretation, beginning with the prime advocates of Stevens found in the critics Harvey Pearce and Helen Regeuiro, who supported the thesis "that Stevens's later poetry denies the value of imagination for the sake of an unobstructed view of the 'things themselves'". The next school of interpretation Leonard and Wharton identify is the Romantic school, led by Vendler, Bloom, James Baird, and Joseph Riddel. A third school of Stevens interpretation that sees Stevens as heavily dependent on 20th-century Continental philosophy includes J. Hillis Miller, Thomas J. Hines, and Richard Macksey. A fourth school sees Stevens as fully Husserlian or Heideggerian in approach and tone and is led by Hines, Macksey, Simon Critchley, Glauco Cambon, and Paul Bove. These four schools offer occasional agreement and disagreement of perspective; for example, Critchley reads Bloom's interpretation of Stevens as in the anti-realist school while seeing Stevens as not in the anti-realist school of poetic interpretation. Maturity of poetry Stevens is a rare example of a poet whose main output came largely only as he approached 40 years of age. His first major publication (four poems from a sequence titled "Phases" in the November 1914 edition of Poetry) was written at age 35, although as an undergraduate at Harvard, Stevens had written poetry and exchanged sonnets with Santayana. Many of his canonical works were written well after he turned 50. According to Bloom, who called Stevens the "best and most representative" American poet of the time, no Western writer since Sophocles has had such a late flowering of artistic genius. His contemporary Harriet Monroe termed Stevens "a poet, rich and numerous and profound, provocative of joy, creative beauty in those who can respond to Him". Vendler notes that there are three distinguishable moods present in Stevens's long poems: ecstasy, apathy, and reluctance between ecstasy and apathy. She also notes that his poetry was highly influenced by the paintings of Paul Klee and Paul Cézanne: Stevens saw in the paintings of both Paul Klee—who was his favorite painter—and Cézanne the kind of work he wanted to do himself as a Modernist poet. Klee had imagined symbols. Klee is not a directly realistic painter and is full of whimsical and fanciful and imaginative and humorous projections of reality in his paintings. The paintings are often enigmatic or full of riddles, and Stevens liked that as well. What Stevens liked in Cézanne was the reduction, you might say, of the world to a few monumental objects. Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium, was published in 1923, and republished in a second edition in 1930. Two more books of his poetry were produced during the 1920s and 1930s and three more in the 1940s. He received the annual National Book Award for Poetry twice, in 1951 for The Auroras of Autumn"National Book Awards – 1951". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-02. (With acceptance speech by Stevens and essay by Katie Peterson from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.) and in 1955 for Collected Poems.Richardson, The Later Years, supra, p. 420. Imagination and reality For Thomas Grey, a Stevens biographer specializing in attention to Stevens as a businessman lawyer, Stevens in part related his poetry to his imaginative capacities as a poet while assigning his lawyer's duties more to the reality of making ends meet in his personal life. Grey finds the poem "A Rabbit as King of the Ghosts" useful to understanding the approach Stevens took in separating his poetry and his profession, writing: "The law and its prose were separate from poetry, and supplied a form of relief for Stevens by way of contrast with poetry, as the milkman (portrayed as the realist in the poem) relieves from the moonlight, as the walk around the block relieves the writer's trance like absorption. But the priority was clear: imagination, poetry, and secrecy, pursued after hours were primary, good in themselves; reason, prose, and clarity, indulged in during working hours, were secondary and instrumental". In the Southern Review, Hi Simons wrote that much of early Stevens is juvenile romantic subjectivist, before he became a realist and naturalist in his more mature and more widely recognized idiom of later years. Stevens, whose work became meditative and philosophical, became very much a poet of ideas. "The poem must resist the intelligence / Almost successfully", he wrote. Of the relation between consciousness and the world, in Stevens's work "imagination" is not equivalent to consciousness, nor is "reality" equivalent to the world as it exists outside our minds. Reality is the product of the imagination as it shapes the world. Because it is constantly changing as we attempt to find imaginatively satisfying ways to perceive the world; reality is an activity, not a static object. We approach reality with a piecemeal understanding, putting together parts of the world in an attempt to make it seem coherent. To make sense of the world is to construct a worldview through an active exercise of the imagination. This is no dry, philosophical activity, but a passionate engagement in finding order and meaning. Thus Stevens wrote in "The Idea of Order at Key West": In Opus Posthumous, Stevens writes, "After one has abandoned a belief in God, poetry is that essence which takes its place as life's redemption." But as the poet attempts to find a fiction to replace the lost gods, he immediately encounters a problem: a direct knowledge of reality is not possible. Stevens suggests that we live in the tension between the shapes we take as the world acts upon us and the ideas of order that our imagination imposes upon the world. The world influences us in our most normal activities: "The dress of a woman of Lhassa, / In its place, / Is an invisible element of that place / Made visible." As Stevens says in his essay "Imagination as Value", "The truth seems to be that we live in concepts of the imagination before the reason has established them." Supreme FictionNotes Toward a Supreme Fiction is a lyrical poetic work of three parts, containing 10 poems each, with a preface and epilogue opening and closing the entire work of three parts. It was first published in 1942 and represents a comprehensive attempt by Stevens to state his view of the art of writing poetry. Stevens studied the art of poetic expression in many of his writings and poems, including The Necessary Angel, where he wrote, "The imagination loses vitality as it ceases to adhere to what is real. When it adheres to the unreal and intensifies what is unreal, while its first | remember it, into a puddle of fresh rainwater. In 1940, Stevens made his final trip to Key West. Frost was at the Casa Marina again, and again the two men argued. According to Mariani, the exchange in Key West in February 1940 included the following comments: Post-war poetry By late February 1947, with Stevens approaching 67 years of age, it became apparent that he had completed the most productive ten years of his life in writing poetry. February 1947 saw the publication of his volume of poems Transport to Summer, which was positively received by F. O. Mathiessen in The New York Times. In the 11 years immediately preceding its publication, Stevens had written three volumes of poems: Ideas of Order, The Man with the Blue Guitar, Parts of a World, and Transport to Summer. These were all written before Stevens took up the writing of his well-received poem The Auroras of Autumn. In 1950–51, when Stevens received news that Santayana had retired to live at a retirement institution in Rome for his final years, Stevens composed his poem "To an Old Philosopher in Rome": It is a kind of total grandeur at the end, With every visible thing enlarged and yet No more than a bed, a chair and moving nuns, The immensest theatre, the pillowed porch, The book and candle in your ambered room. Last illness and death According to Mariani, Stevens had a large, corpulent figure throughout most of his life, standing at 6 feet 2 inches and weighing as much as 240 pounds. Some of his doctors put him on medical diets. On March 28, 1955, Stevens went to see Dr. James Moher for accumulating detriments to his health. Moher's examination did not reveal anything, and he ordered Stevens to undergo an x-ray and barium enema on April 1, neither of which showed anything. On April 19 Stevens underwent a G.I. series that revealed diverticulitis, a gallstone, and a severely bloated stomach. Stevens was admitted to St. Francis Hospital and on April 26 was operated on by Dr. Benedict Landry. It was determined that Stevens was suffering from stomach cancer in the lower region by the large intestines and blocking the normal digestion of food. Lower tract oncology of a malignant nature was almost always a mortal diagnosis in the 1950s. This was withheld from Stevens, but his daughter Holly was fully informed and advised not to tell her father. Stevens was released in a temporarily improved ambulatory condition on May 11 and returned to his home to recuperate. His wife insisted on trying to attend to him as he recovered but she had suffered a stroke in the previous winter and was not able to assist as she had hoped. Stevens entered the Avery Convalescent Hospital on May 20. By early June he was still sufficiently stable to attend a ceremony at the University of Hartford to receive an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree. On June 13 he traveled to New Haven to collect an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Yale University. On June 20 he returned to his home and insisted on working for limited hours. On July 21 Stevens was readmitted to St. Francis Hospital and his condition deteriorated. On August 1, though bedridden, he revived sufficiently to speak some parting words to his daughter before falling asleep after normal visiting hours were over; he was found deceased the next morning, August 2, at 8:30. He is buried in Hartford's Cedar Hill Cemetery. In his biography, Mariani indicates that friends of Stevens were aware that throughout his years and many visits to New York City Stevens was in the habit of visiting St Patrick's Cathedral for meditative purposes while in New York. Stevens debated questions of theodicy during his final weeks with Fr. Arthur Hanley, chaplain of St. Francis Hospital in Hartford, where Stevens spent his last days suffering from stomach cancer and was eventually converted to Catholicism in April 1955 by Hanley.Maria J. Cirurgião, "Last Farewell and First Fruits: The Story of a Modern Poet ." Lay Witness (June 2000). This purported deathbed conversion is disputed, particularly by Stevens's daughter, Holly, who was not present at the time of the conversion, according to Hanley. The conversion has been confirmed by both Hanley and a nun present at the time of the conversion and communion.Mariani, Paul. The Whole Harmonium: The Life of Wallace Stevens – April 5, 2016. Pages 398–408. Stevens's obituary in the local newspaper was minimal at the family's request as to the details of his death. The obituary for Stevens that appeared in Poetry magazine was assigned to William Carlos Williams, who felt it suitable and justified to compare Stevens's poetry to Dante's Vita Nuova and Milton's Paradise Lost. At the end of his life, Stevens had left uncompleted his larger ambition to rewrite Dante's Divine Comedy for those who "live in the world of Darwin and not the world of Plato." Reception Early 20th century The initial reception of Stevens's poetry followed the publication of his first collection of poems, Harmonium, in the early 1920s. Comments on the poems were made by fellow poets and a small number of critics including William Carlos Williams and Hi Simons. In her book on Stevens's poetry, Helen Vendler writes that much of the early reception of his poems was oriented to symbolic reading of them, often using simple substitution of metaphors and imagery for their asserted equivalents in meaning. For Vendler, this method of reception and interpretation was often limited in its usefulness and would eventually be replaced by more effective forms of literary evaluation and review. Late 20th century After Stevens's death in 1955, the literary interpretation of his poetry and critical essays began to flourish with full-length books written about his poems by such prominent literary scholars as Vendler and Harold Bloom. Vendler's two books on Stevens's poetry distinguished his short poems and his long poems and suggested that they be considered under separate forms of literary interpretation and critique. Her studies of the longer poems are in her book On Extended Wings and lists Stevens's longer poems as including The Comedian as the Letter C, Sunday Morning, Le Monocle de Mon Oncle, Like Decorations in the Nigger Cemetery, Owl's Clover, The Man with the Blue Guitar, Examination of the Hero in a Time of War, Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction, Esthetique du Mal, Description without Place, Credences of Summer, The Auroras of Autumn, and his last and longest poem An Ordinary Evening in New Haven.Notes Toward a Supreme Poetry - The New York Times Another full-length study of Stevens's poetry in the late 20th century is Daniel Fuchs's The Comic Spirit of Wallace Stevens. Early 21st century Interest in the reading and reception of Stevens's poetry continues into the early 21st century with a full volume dedicated in the Library of America to his collected writings and poetry. In his book on the reading of Stevens as a poet of what he calls "philosophical poetry", Charles Altieri presents his own reading of such philosophers as Hegel and Wittgenstein while presenting a speculative interpretation of Stevens under this approach. In his 2016 book Things Merely Are: Philosophy in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens, Simon Critchley indicates a refinement of the appreciation of the interaction of reality and poetry in Stevens's poems, writing: "Steven's late poems stubbornly show how the mind cannot seize hold of the ultimate nature of reality that faces it. Reality retreats before the imagination that shapes and orders it. Poetry is therefore the experience of failure. As Stevens puts it in a famous late poem, the poet gives us ideas about the thing, not the thing itself." Interpretation The reception and interpretation of Stevens's poetry have been widespread and of diverse orientation. In their book The Fluent Mundo Leonard and Wharton define at least four schools of interpretation, beginning with the prime advocates of Stevens found in the critics Harvey Pearce and Helen Regeuiro, who supported the thesis "that Stevens's later poetry denies the value of imagination for the sake of an unobstructed view of the 'things themselves'". The next school of interpretation Leonard and Wharton identify is the Romantic school, led by Vendler, Bloom, James Baird, and Joseph Riddel. A third school of Stevens interpretation that sees Stevens as heavily dependent on 20th-century Continental philosophy includes J. Hillis Miller, Thomas J. Hines, and Richard Macksey. A fourth school sees Stevens as fully Husserlian or Heideggerian in approach and tone and is led by Hines, Macksey, Simon Critchley, Glauco Cambon, and Paul Bove. These four schools offer occasional agreement and disagreement of perspective; for example, Critchley reads Bloom's interpretation of Stevens as in the anti-realist school while seeing Stevens as not in the anti-realist school of poetic interpretation. Maturity of poetry Stevens is a rare example of a poet whose main output came largely only as he approached 40 years of age. His first major publication (four poems from a sequence titled "Phases" in the November 1914 edition of Poetry) was written at age 35, although as an undergraduate at Harvard, Stevens had written poetry and exchanged sonnets with Santayana. Many of his canonical works were written well after he turned 50. According to Bloom, who called Stevens the "best and most representative" American poet of the time, no Western writer since Sophocles has had such a late flowering of artistic genius. His contemporary Harriet Monroe termed Stevens "a poet, rich and numerous and profound, provocative of joy, creative beauty in those who can respond to Him". Vendler notes that there are three distinguishable moods present in Stevens's long poems: ecstasy, apathy, and reluctance between ecstasy and apathy. She also notes that his poetry was highly influenced by the paintings of Paul Klee and Paul Cézanne: Stevens saw in the paintings of both Paul Klee—who was his favorite painter—and Cézanne the kind of work he wanted to do himself as a Modernist poet. Klee had imagined symbols. Klee is not a directly realistic painter and is full of whimsical and fanciful and imaginative and humorous projections of reality in his paintings. The paintings are often enigmatic or full of riddles, and Stevens liked that as well. What Stevens liked in Cézanne was the reduction, you might say, of the world to a few monumental objects. Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium, was published in 1923, and republished in a second edition in 1930. Two more books of his poetry were produced during the 1920s and 1930s and three more in the 1940s. He received the annual National Book Award for Poetry twice, in 1951 for The Auroras of Autumn"National Book Awards – 1951". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-02. (With acceptance speech by Stevens and essay by Katie Peterson from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.) and in 1955 for Collected Poems.Richardson, The Later Years, supra, p. 420. Imagination and reality For Thomas Grey, a Stevens biographer specializing in attention to Stevens as a businessman lawyer, Stevens in part related his poetry to his imaginative capacities as a poet while assigning his lawyer's duties more to the reality of making ends meet in his personal life. Grey finds the poem "A Rabbit as King of the Ghosts" useful to understanding the approach Stevens took in separating his poetry and his profession, writing: "The law and its prose were separate from poetry, and supplied a form of relief for Stevens by way of contrast with poetry, as the milkman (portrayed as the realist in the poem) relieves from the moonlight, as the walk around the block relieves the writer's trance like absorption. But the priority was clear: imagination, poetry, and secrecy, pursued after hours were primary, good in themselves; reason, prose, and clarity, indulged in during working hours, were secondary and instrumental". In the Southern Review, Hi Simons wrote that much of early Stevens is juvenile romantic subjectivist, before he became a realist and naturalist in his more mature and more widely recognized idiom of later years. Stevens, whose work became meditative and philosophical, became very much a poet of ideas. "The poem must resist the intelligence / Almost successfully", he wrote. Of the relation between consciousness and the world, in Stevens's work "imagination" is not equivalent to consciousness, nor is "reality" equivalent to the world as it exists outside our minds. Reality is the product of the imagination as it shapes the world. Because it is constantly changing as we attempt to find imaginatively satisfying ways to perceive the world; reality is an activity, not a static object. We approach reality with a piecemeal understanding, putting together parts of the world in an attempt to make it seem coherent. To make sense of the world is to construct a worldview through an active exercise of the imagination. This is no dry, philosophical activity, but a passionate engagement in finding order and meaning. Thus Stevens wrote in "The Idea of Order at Key West": In Opus Posthumous, Stevens writes, "After one has abandoned a belief in God, poetry is that essence which takes its place as life's redemption." But as the poet attempts to find a fiction to replace the lost gods, he immediately encounters a problem: a direct knowledge of reality is not possible. Stevens suggests that we live in the tension between the shapes we take as the world acts upon us and the ideas of order that our imagination imposes upon the world. The world influences us in our most normal activities: "The dress of a woman of Lhassa, / In its place, / Is an invisible element of that place / Made visible." As Stevens says in his essay "Imagination as Value", "The truth seems to be that we live in concepts of the imagination before the reason has established them." Supreme FictionNotes Toward a Supreme Fiction is a lyrical poetic work of three parts, containing 10 poems each, with a preface and epilogue opening and closing the entire work of three parts. It was first published in 1942 and represents a |
In melodic outline and rhythm it is his most expressively Russian symphony, particularly in the dance rhythms of the finale. | Respecto al contorno melódico y el ritmo es su sinfonía más expresiva, particularmente en los ritmos de la última danza. |
Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL. Miller, W. V. (1988). "Two new species of Heterocerus from North America, with notes on related species (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae)". The Coleopterists Bulletin, vol. 42, no. 4, 313–320. Richard E. White. (1983). Peterson Field Guides: Beetles. Houghton Mifflin Company. Ross H. Arnett. (2000). American Insects: A Handbook | Coleoptera ("beetles"). The distribution range of Heterocerus unicus includes Central America and North America. References Further reading Arnett, R.H. Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley and J. H. Frank. (eds.). (2002). American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: |
was tet offensive vietnam successful | The Tet Offensive (1968) was a military failure for the NVA, but a political success for North Vietnam. The reason is because up to the Tet Offensive, the US Presidential Administration had been proclaiming that the Communists were weak, under-supplied, disorganized, and low in morale. |
work from Oslo westward as far as Moi, the Jæren Line from Egersund to Stavanger in Western Norway was opened in 1878. Up to 1913 the name used on plans and for the completed sections was the Vestlandet Line (The West Country Line). The Sørlandet Line was completed by the German occupation force during World War II. It was opened for regular traffic on 1 May 1944. The line was an important communications link for transportation of troops, as well as war material. Long stretches of the Sørlandet Line railway are set away from the coast, instead of on the more densely populated coastline. One reason for this was to protect the line from invading forces, and also to prevent the line being bombarded by navy ships. On 15 November 1950 the Hjuksebø train disaster killed 14 people in a collision between an express train and runaway freight cars. On 15 December 2019 operation of passenger services passed from Vy to Go-Ahead Norge. Since then, Go-Ahead operates its long-haul passenger service between Oslo and Stavanger as ("The South Train"). Subsections Among the stretches which make up the Sørland Line are: Oslo–Drammen is the Drammen Line, completed in 1872. Drammen–Kongsberg, opened in 1871. Kongsberg–Bø, opened in 1924. Lunde–Neslandsvatn (Kragerø), opened in 1927. Neslandsvatn–Nelaug (Arendal), opened in 1935. Nelaug–Kristiansand, opened in 1938. Kristiansand–Moi, opened in 1944. Moi (Flekkefjord)–Egersund, opened in 1904. Egersund–Stavanger is the Jæren Line, which was opened in 1878. Branch lines The Sørlandet Line has one operational branch line, the Arendal Line, which runs between Nelaug and Arendal. Another branch line, the Flekkefjord Line, from Sira to Flekkefjord, was once part of the main line. It was turned into a branch line upon completion of the Sørland Line in 1944, and was finally closed in 1990. Other branch lines which are now closed are the Numedal Line between Kongsberg and Rødberg (in Nore og Uvdal), the Setesdal Line and the Kragerø Line between Neslandsvatn and Kragerø. | Long stretches of the Sørlandet Line railway are set away from the coast, instead of on the more densely populated coastline. One reason for this was to protect the line from invading forces, and also to prevent the line being bombarded by navy ships. On 15 November 1950 the Hjuksebø train disaster killed 14 people in a collision between an express train and runaway freight cars. On 15 December 2019 operation of passenger services passed from Vy to Go-Ahead Norge. Since then, Go-Ahead operates its long-haul passenger service between Oslo and Stavanger as ("The South Train"). Subsections Among the stretches which make up the Sørland Line are: Oslo–Drammen is the Drammen Line, completed in 1872. Drammen–Kongsberg, opened in 1871. Kongsberg–Bø, opened in 1924. Lunde–Neslandsvatn (Kragerø), opened in 1927. Neslandsvatn–Nelaug (Arendal), opened in 1935. Nelaug–Kristiansand, opened in 1938. Kristiansand–Moi, opened in 1944. Moi (Flekkefjord)–Egersund, opened in 1904. Egersund–Stavanger is the Jæren Line, which was opened in 1878. Branch lines The Sørlandet Line has one operational branch line, the Arendal Line, which runs between Nelaug and Arendal. Another branch line, the Flekkefjord Line, from Sira to Flekkefjord, was once part of the main line. It was turned into a branch line upon completion of the Sørland Line in 1944, and was finally closed in 1990. Other branch lines which are now closed are the Numedal Line between Kongsberg and Rødberg (in Nore og Uvdal), the Setesdal Line and the Kragerø Line between Neslandsvatn and Kragerø. |
High levels of poverty, lack of affordable housing and domestic violence were cited as the primary causes. | Vysoká úroveň chudoby, nedostatek cenově dostupného bydlení a domácí násilí byly označeny za hlavní příčiny. |
is found in eastern and central North America. The IUCN conservation status of Enallagma antennatum is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. | is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in eastern and central North America. The |
Philosopher Brian Garvey argues that the teapot analogy fails with regard to religion because, with the teapot, the believer and non-believer are simply disagreeing about one item in the universe and may hold in common all other beliefs about the universe, which is not true of an atheist and a theist. | Der Philosoph Brian Garvey argumentierte, dass die Teekannen-Analogie in Bezug auf die Religion versage, weil bei der Teekanne Gläubige und Nichtgläubige über einen Gegenstand im Universum einfach unterschiedlicher Meinung seien, alle anderen Überzeugungen über das Universum hingegen teilen können, was aber nicht für Atheisten und Theisten gelte. |
why sms is not sending in idea? | SMSC Not Set Correctly An often overlooked problem is an incorrectly set SMSC number. The SMSC is responsible for sending SMS messages from your device. ... Your SIM carrier is responsible for maintaining the SMSC network. If you have an incorrectly set SMSC, you will still receive text messages. |
Working with multiple workspace in Arcpy | How to run multiple tool from different workspace environments |
This means that traditional metaphysical and epistemological concerns of the philosophy of mathematics are misplaced. | Cela signifie que les traditionnelles préoccupations métaphysiques et épistémologiques de la philosophie des mathématiques sont caduques. |
Barre (ballet) | Bar (bale) |
(born July 29, 1956) is a member of the Iowa Senate, where he is currently an assistant majority leader. A Democrat, he was first elected to the Senate in 1998. He represents the 43rd District of the General Assembly, which includes most of metropolitan Iowa City. Bolkcom currently serves on several committees in the Iowa Senate - the Appropriations committee; the Commerce committee; the Human Resources committee; the Natural Resources and Environment committee; and the Ways and Means committee, where | he is currently an assistant majority leader. A Democrat, he was first elected to the Senate in 1998. He represents the 43rd District of the General Assembly, which includes most of metropolitan Iowa City. Bolkcom currently serves on several committees in the Iowa Senate - the Appropriations committee; the Commerce committee; the Human Resources committee; the Natural Resources and Environment committee; and the Ways and Means committee, where he is chair. Bolkcom was reelected in |
The activities cited here would not be unusual, or even objectionable, if Gates imposed strict quality control standards upon them. | Gates did not impose strict quality control standards. |
Reference to "Users" table in my database throws a NullPointerException. How can I fix it? | What is a NullPointerException, and how do I fix it? |
It should be noted that the truth of this theorem depends on the truth of Archimedes' axiom, which is not first-order in nature. | Слід зазначити, що істинність цієї теореми залежить від істинності аксіоми Архімеда, яка не є першого порядку в природі. |
After GDLS-C's RG-31 was eliminated from the competition in May 2009, it was announced that the five remaining bidders had been awarded ID/IQ contracts, and were each to deliver three production-ready test vehicles for the next stage of the competition. | Setelah kendaraan GDLS-C yaitu RG-31 tersingkir dari kompetisi pada Mei 2009,telah diumumkan bahwa lima rancangan yang tersisa dari para penawar yang telah diberikan kontrak ID/IQ, dan mereka harus menyiapkan tiga kendaraan uji yang sudah siap produksi untuk tahap berikutnya dari kompetisi tersebut. |
Afghan (disambiguation) | Afghan |
missing arm or hand being touched. Motivation Several methods exist that seek to achieve advanced control of motorized neural prosthetics. Chronic brain implants record neuronal signals from the motor cortex, while methods such as EEG and fMRI obtain motor commands non-invasively. The recorded signals are decoded into electrical signals, and input into assistive devices or motorized prosthetics. Traditional myoelectric prostheses utilize surface EMG signals from the remains of the amputated limb. For example, a patient may flex a shoulder muscle in order to generate EMG signals that may be used to send “bend elbow” command to the prosthesis. However, there are shortcomings to all of these methods. Chronic implants fail over a period of time because neuronal signal degrade due to tissue immune response to foreign bodies. EEG and fMRI do not obtain as strong signals as direct electrode implant. Traditional myoelectric prostheses are unable to provide multiple control signals simultaneously, thus only one action can be performed at a time. They are also unnatural to use because the users have to use muscles (such as shoulder) that are not normally involved with lower arm functions to control lower arm functions (such as opening and closing hands). The solution to these problems could include a completely different concept of neural interface. Advantages Targeted reinnervation does not require any implants. Therefore, it does not have the issue of tissue foreign body response as chronic brain implant technology does. The targeted muscle acts as a natural amplifier for the neuronal signals produced by the transferred residual nerves. This is an advantage over technologies like EEG and fMRI that utilize weaker signals. With targeted reinnervation, multiple yet independent EMG signals can be produced, thus multiple functions of the artificial limb can be controlled simultaneously. For example, the patient would be able to perform actions such as throwing a ball relatively gracefully, exhibiting simultaneous control of elbow and hand. The control is also intuitive to the patient because the EMG signals are generated by transferred residual limb nerves, unlike traditional myoelectric prosthetics where EMG signals have to be generated by muscles normally not involved in arm or wrist functions. Also, existing commercially available myoelectric prostheses, such as powered wrists, elbows can be used. There is no need to develop specific prostheses for targeted reinnervation. By means of nerve transfer, targeted reinnervation can also provide sensory feedback, which has not been achieved by any other form of prosthetics aforementioned. Methods Targeted Muscle Reinnervation The goal of targeted muscle reinnervation is to transfer multiple nerves into separate regions of the targeted muscle, record multiple yet independent signals from the muscle regions, and to use the EMG signals to control a motorized prosthesis sophisticated enough to process multiple control signals. Surgical Procedure The requirement to transplant multiple nerves into a muscle region originated from a hypothesis that hyper-reinnervation, by which an excessive amount of motor neurons transferred to a muscle, can increase the reinnervation of muscle fibers hence improving the recovery of paralyzed muscles. The hypothesis was tested on rat skeletal muscles and the result indicated that hyper-reinnervated muscles recovered more muscle mass and strength and more number of motor units were formed. The first surgical patient was a bilateral shoulder disarticulation amputee. Both arms were entirely amputated at the shoulder level, with only the shoulder blades remaining. The pectoral muscles were chosen targets because they were close to the shoulder, and they were also biologically non-functional due to detachment from the amputated arm. The pectoral muscles were first denervated by cutting the original nerves that innervate them. The proximal ends of the original nerves were ligated to prevent them from reinnervating the pectoral muscle. Then the remnant arm nerves (brachial plexus) were transferred into the pectoral muscles. The musculocutaneous nerve was transferred to the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle; the median nerve was transferred to the upper sternal of the pectoralis major muscle; the radial nerve was transferred to the lower sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle. The pectoralis minor muscle was translocated from under the pectorialis major muscle to the lateral chest wall, so that its EMG signals would not interfere with those of the pectoralis major muscle, and it is also a fourth muscle target. The ulnar nerve was then transferred to the moved pectoralis minor muscle. The musculocutaneous, median, radial, and ulnar nerves (brachial plexus) were sewn onto the distal ends of the original pectoral muscle nerve fascicles and onto the muscle itself. Subcutaneous fat over the pectoral muscle was removed so that | was set so that signals exceeding the threshold were marked as possible ECG spikes. The inter-spike-intervals of the possible spikes were then compared to the previously calculated representative inter-spike-interval to determine whether the possible spikes were to be accepted as ECG artifacts. Another major task of processing the EMG signals is to eliminate crosstalk from other muscles. First, positions of and distance between electrodes are empirically determined to obtain strongest EMG thus least crosstalk. Setting a threshold above background noise and crosstalk from other muscles also helps eliminating crosstalk. Smaller muscle size and subcutaneous fat facilitate crosstalk. With a minimal level of less than 3mm subcutaneous fat, crosstalk is expected to be minimal in an area of 2–3 cm diameter. Prosthetic Components After surgery, the patient was fitted with his pre-surgery body-powered prosthesis on the right side and an experimental myoelectric prosthesis consisted of a Griefer terminal device, a power wrist rotator, a Boston digital arm, and an LTI-Collier Shoulder joint on the left side. Three strongest EMG signals were chosen from the successful nerve transfers: the musculocutaneous nerve, the median nerve and the radial nerve. The EMG resulting from contraction of muscle reinnvervated by median nerve was used to control hand closing movement; the EMG from musculocutaneous nerve was used to control elbow bending; the EMG from radial nerve was used to control wrist rotation and flexion. The performances of these two prostheses were compared with a box-and-blocks test, where the patient was allowed 2 minutes to move one-inch cubes from one box to another, over a short wall. The result was quantified by the total number of blocks moved. To test the terminal device (“hand”), elbow and wrist rotator, the patient was administered a clothes-pin test, where he was asked to pick up clothes pins from a horizontal bar, rotate them, then put them on a higher vertical bar. The time used to move 3 clothes-pins was recorded. Both tests were repeated 3 times. The quantified results showed that the myoelectric prosthesis performed 246% better (moved 2.46 times more blocks) in box-and-blocks test, and 26.3% better (used 26.3% less time in moving clothes pins) in clothes-pin test. An experimental six-motor prosthesis was also constructed. The most striking feature of targeted reinnervation compared to traditional myoelectric prosthetics is its ability to provide multiple signals to control multiple functions simultaneously. Although current myoelectric prostheses can be used directly, they are designed and aimed at traditional myoelectric control. Thus, the only commercially available prosthesis only has powered terminal device (often a hook), wrist rotation and powered elbow. To fully utilize the multiple signals provided by targeted reinnervation, an experimental prosthesis was constructed with added power components: a TouchEMAS shoulder, a humeral rotator, and a hand capable of opening and closing with wrist flexion/extension function. The elbow and hand functions were driven by four nerve transfer signals, and the humeral rotation was driven by EMG from latissumus dorsi and deltoids. With this six-motor prosthesis, the patient could control multiple joints at the same time and perform new tasks that could not be accomplished with other prostheses, such as reaching out to pick up objects and putting on a hat. Targeted Sensory Reinnervation Discovery Targeted sensory reinnervation was discovered by accident. While receiving an alcohol rub on his chest after the surgery, the patient described a sensation of being touched on the pinky. The explanation for this phenomenon is that, since his subcutaneous fat was removed during surgery, his chest skin was denervated. Thus, the afferent nerve fibers regenerated through the pectoral muscle, reinnervating the skin over the muscle. Since then, areas of the pectoral muscle have been mapped to parts of arm and hand according to patient's description of touch sensations he felt. When touched in a specific region on the pectoral muscle, the patient would describe where in the phantom limb he felt as being touched. For example, when touched in a region immediately above the nipple, he felt as if his anterior forearm was being touched. Surgical Procedure With this discovery, the team set out to perform nerve transfer surgery specifically aimed to reinnervate sensory feedback. A piece of skin near or over the targeted muscle was denervated, thus the afferent nerve fibers were allowed to reinnervate the skin. In a case of a woman patient with left arm amputation at the humeral neck, the supraclavicular sensory nerve was cut, the proximal end was ligated to prevent regeneration and reinnervation, and the distal end was coapted end-to-side to the ulnar nerve. The intercostobrachial cutaneous nerve was treated with the same method, with the distal end coapted to the median nerve. This technique has been dubbed “transfer sensation”, and it has the potential of providing useful sensory feedback, such as pressure sensing, to help the patient judge the amount of force to be exerted. Assessment and Results After surgery, the patient was asked to identify the chest areas with most prominent sensation of individual digits, which were then mapped onto a diagram. The characteristic of the sensory reinnervation was quantified. Light touch is quantified by a threshold determined with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (a sensation measurement instrument). A Neurotip neurometer was used to determine the sensibility of sharpness and dullness at 20 sites distributed throughout the targeted muscle (the chest). A tuning fork was pressed against the points on the chest to assess patient's ability to detect vibration. A TSA II NeuroSensory Analyzer was used to assess temperature thresholds at two points on the chest. The patient's other (normal) pectoral muscle, normal arm and hand are used as controls. The patient was able to perceive all modalities of cutaneous sensation. However, instead of normal pressure sensing, she perceived tingling in response to touch on the targeted chest skin. The lowest threshold above which light touch could be sensed in the target muscle was 0•4 g, while the control chest muscle had a light-touch threshold of 0•16 g; the thresholds were under 4 g at most points in the area while the control chest had a threshold of 0.4 g at its counterpart locations. The control chest demonstrated a much lower threshold hence higher sensibility. The patient was able to discern increasing, graded pressure. She felt more tingling as the test pressure increased. The patient also demonstrated perception of temperature. The mean threshold for coldness perception was 29•1 °C in the target muscle, and 29•9 °C in the control chest muscle. The mean threshold for warmth perception was 35•2 °C in the target muscle, and 34•7 °C in the control chest muscle. |
Old Jenne (Djenne) began to be settled around 300 BCE, producing iron and with sizeable population, evidenced in crowded cemeteries. | L'antiga Jenne (Djenné) va començar a ser poblada al voltant del 300 aC, produint ferro i amb una població considerable, evidenciada pels cementiris plens de gent. |
antique store clerk in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home who bought the broken eye glasses Dr. McCoy gave Admiral Kirk in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan for one hundred dollars. for Knowland's most recent film was the half-hour short subject San Francisco: The Movie, in which Knowland was featured in the only credited role, the Old Sea Captain. Politics The family business of Knowland's great-grandfather Joseph Knowland was lumber and shipping; he gained political power from the amassing of wealth. His grandfather Joseph Russell "J.R." Knowland served in the California State Legislature from 1899 to 1904 and the United States House of Representatives from 1904 to 1915. Upon leaving elected office, the elder Knowland acquired The Oakland Tribune, then the third-ranking newspaper in the San Francisco Bay Area, and used it to shape regional political opinion. Knowland's father, William F. Knowland, served in the California State Legislature and was appointed to the United States Senate in 1945, and re-elected twice, serving first as Senate Majority Leader, then as Senate Minority Leader. The Knowland family built far-reaching political ties. Steeped in the powerful and politically conservative tradition of his forefathers, Knowland ran for US Senator in 1986, but in the primary election, he received only 1.81% of the vote against a large field of 12 other Republican candidates dominated by Bruce Herschensohn and the eventual winner, Ed Zschau. In the subsequent general election, Zschau lost to incumbent Alan Cranston in a narrow race. After that experience, Knowland never again ran for elected office. Clubs Knowland was a member of several private clubs. In 1975, he served on the Public Relations committee of the Commonwealth | Oakland Tribune newspaper, as did his father William F. Knowland and his grandfather Joseph R. Knowland before him. Knowland has acted in four feature films, a short film, three made-for-TV movies and two television episodes. In his acting career, Knowland billed himself as "Joe Knowland" starting in 1983. 'Joe' is the nickname formerly used by his grandfather. Early life Knowland was born in Oakland, California on July 26, 1930, the second of three children born to William F. Knowland and Helen (née Herrick) Knowland, and the only son. Knowland was raised in Piedmont, a prosperous city surrounded by Oakland. In 1953, Knowland graduated from the University of California, Berkeley. His two Bachelor of Arts degrees covered the subjects of 'Speech' as well as 'Communications and Public Policy', a political science major. The Oakland Tribune Knowland joined The Oakland Tribune in 1954 as a cub reporter, and trained in all aspects of running the enterprise. A magazine article in Time reported in 1963 that a "jet-setty Joseph W. Knowland" had set himself up in a luxurious office with a bar, refrigerator and television, and an expensive walnut desk grander than the dingy ones used by other Tribune staffers. One employee was reported as complaining, "It's like something out of Playboy." An industry veteran would later describe Knowland-the-publisher as "charming but ineffectual." In 1966, Knowland's grandfather |