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however, did not give the treaty their immediate approval, and further negotiations continued through most of 1313. Meanwhile, the Earl of Pembroke had been negotiating with France to resolve the long-standing disagreements over the administration of Gascony, and as part of this Edward and Isabella agreed to travel to ... | saw their political influence increase, and they pressured Edward to re-implement the Ordinances of 1311. Lancaster became the head of the royal council in 1316, promising to take forward the Ordinances through a new reform commission, but he appears to have abandoned this role soon afterwards, partially because of dis... |
British Academy Film Award, and two Golden Globe Awards for his acting, in addition to a second Academy Award, a second British Academy Film Award, a third Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award as a producer under his production company, Plan B Entertainment. Pitt first gained recognition as a cowboy hitchhike... | based on her screenplay. The film was their first collaboration since 2005's Mr. & Mrs. Smith. Pitt's next role came with the biographical comedy-drama The Big Short, which he also produced and also co-starred alongside Christian Bale, Steve Carell, and Ryan Gosling. The film was a commercial and critical success. It w... |
something like "tool", but in yet another it refers to a blue enamel paste. P. Schnabel, in a series of papers (1923–1927), interpreted the phrase as an assignment of authorship. He argued that Naburimannu developed the Babylonian System A of calculating Solar System ephemerides, and that later Kidinnu developed the Ba... | Strabo of Amaseia, in Geography 16.1–.6, writes: "In Babylon a settlement is set apart for the local philosophers, the Chaldaeans, as they are called, who are concerned mostly with astronomy; but some of these, who are not approved of by the others, profess to be writers of horoscopes. (There is also a tribe of the Cha... |
Party (in French) and the Free-minded Democratic Party (German) (1878 to present) the comparatively right-leaning successor party known as the Radical-Liberal Party (1893 to 2009), and its successor the FDP, whose name translates to the Free-minded and Liberal Party in German and the Radical and Liberal Party in French... | of political parties professing the progressive-liberal ideology known as Radicalism: Worldwide Nonviolent Radical Party Transnational and Transparty (1989–present) Europe In the western Mediterranean European countries, Radicalism was one of the major political movements between 1848 and 1940. Such parties were often ... |
BC. Events and trends 1057 BC–According to Josephus, Solomon's Temple finishes construction on January 19. This predates secular estimates by more than 120 years and is not considered reliable or accurate. 1054 BC–Shamshi-Adad IV, son of Tiglath-Pileser I, usurps the Assyrian throne | nephew, Eriba-Adad II. 1053 BC—Death of Kang, king of the Zhou of ancient China. In September, a five-planetary alignment occurs. 1052 BC—Zhao succeeds Kang. 1051 BC—Saul becomes the first King of Ancient Israel. 1050 BC—Death of Shamshi-Adad IV; his son, Ashurnasirpal I, succeeds him as King of Assyria. 1050 BC—Philis... |
1090 BC. Events and trends 1090 BC—or the Year of the Hyenas, in the reign of Ramesses XI, was a year of catastrophe. There was a very significant drop in the flow of river Nile waters, caused by a spike in climate normality. This led to significant starvation of the Egyptians, loss of faith in | of the Egyptians, loss of faith in the religion as conducted by the high priest and collapse not only of the state in Egypt but also its economy, leading to a ten-year period of chaos. This led |
years. He is succeeded by his designated heir Melanthus of Pylos, a fifth-generation descendant of Neleus who had reportedly assisted him in battle against the Boeotians. 1122 BC—Legendary founding emigration of Gija to Gija Joseon. 1122 BC—The Zhou | Pylos, a fifth-generation descendant of Neleus who had reportedly assisted him in battle against the Boeotians. 1122 BC—Legendary founding emigration of Gija to Gija Joseon. 1122 BC—The Zhou Dynasty |
ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. 1135 BC—Oxyntes, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 12 years and is succeeded by | of Athens, is assassinated and succeeded by his younger brother Thymoetes after a reign of 1 year. Significant people Ramesses XI, pharaoh of Egypt, |
The 1140s BC is a decade which lasted from 1149 BC to 1140 BC. Events and trends 1147 BC—Demophon, legendary King of Athens and | 1147 BC—Demophon, legendary King of Athens and veteran of the Trojan War, dies after a reign of 33 years and is succeeded by his |
records a people called the P-r-s-t (conventionally Peleset) among those who fought with Egypt in Ramesses III's reign. 1152 BC, 14 November—First historically confirmed workers' strike, under Pharaoh Ramses III in ancient Egypt. Significant people 1153 BC—Death of pharaoh Ramesses III of Egypt | BC. Events and trends 1159 BC—The Hekla 3 eruption triggers an 18-year period of climatic worsening. (estimated date, disputed) 1154 BC—Death of King Menelaus of Sparta (estimated date), thirty years after the traditional date for the Fall of Troy in the Homeric Trojan War. 1154 BC—Medinet Habu (temple): records |
from January 1, 1529 BC to December 31, 1520 BC. Events 1528 Birth of Dan | Birth of Dan 1525 BC—End of Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt. 1522 BC—Jacob migrates to Egypt, settling in the Land |
dynasty of Egypt, start of the Eighteenth Dynasty. 1539 BC—Approximate first use of the Valley of the Kings. 1534 BC—The oldest dated star chart was made in Ancient Egypt. 1531 BC— Joseph interprets dreams of | Kings. 1534 BC—The oldest dated star chart was made in Ancient Egypt. 1531 BC— Joseph interprets dreams of the Pharaoh, is released from prison and becomes second in Egypt next only to the Pharaoh himself. 1530 BC—End of the First Dynasty of Babylon and the start of the Kassite |
date is 1200 BC). Significant people Psusennes I, pharaoh of Egypt, is born (approximate date). Saul, king of Israel, | BC—New Kingdom ends in Ancient Egypt (Another date is 1200 BC). Significant people Psusennes I, pharaoh of Egypt, is |
a severe famine. c.1081 BC- Herihor dies. Early phase of transition from New Kingdom Period to Third Intermediate Period in Egypt continues. Significant people Tiglath-Pileser I, King of Assyria, r. c.1114–1076 BC Melanthus, Legendary King of Athens, r. c.1126–1089 BC. Codrus, Legendary King of Athens, r. c.1089–1068 B... | reign of 37 years and is succeeded by his son Codrus. Early 1080s BC- Herihor, the high-priest of Amon, usurps Ramesses XI's authority, becoming the de facto ruler of Upper Egypt. 1082 BC- Babylonia suffers from a severe famine. c.1081 BC- Herihor dies. Early phase of transition from New Kingdom Period to Third Interme... |
against Dorian invaders after a reign of 21 years. Athenian tradition considers him the last King to have held absolute power. Modern historians consider him the last King whose life account is part of Greek | who founds the Twenty-first Dynasty. 1068 BC – Codrus, legendary King of Athens, dies in battle against Dorian invaders after a reign of 21 years. Athenian tradition considers him the last King |
1160 BC—Ancient Nubia regains independence from Egypt, after long having served as its vice-royalty since its annexation by Pharaoh Ahmose I. Significant people Ramesses V, Egyptian | lasted from 1169 BC to 1160 BC. Events and trends 1166 BC—The start of the Discordian calendar and within Discordianism the date of the Curse of Greyface. 1162 BC—The statue |
after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Acastus. 1046 BC—Following the Battle of Muye, King Wu of Zhou overthrows the Shang Dynasty under the Chinese King Di Xin, and establishes the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC–256 BC). 1044 BC—On the death of Smendes I, king of Egypt, he is succeeded by | of the Three Guards. Guanshu Xian and Caishu Du instigate Shang loyalists under Wu Geng to revolt. 1041 BC—Some sources propose this as the date of King David's birth Significant people Shu Du of Cai Ashur-rabi II, king of |
a decade which lasted from 1039 BC to 1030 BC. Events and trends 1039 BC—Neferkare Amenemnisu, king of Egypt, dies. c. 1039 BC—End of the Rebellion of the Three Guards in China. | Egypt, dies. c. 1039 BC—End of the Rebellion of the Three Guards in China. King Cheng subdues the hostile kingdom of Yan near the Bohai Sea, the last group opposed to |
Dynasty in China, and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. 1026 BC — Saul the King becomes the first king of the Israelites. c. | the Shang Dynasty in China, and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. 1026 BC — Saul the King becomes the first king of the Israelites. c. 1025 BC — Collapse of Mycenaean dominance ends. c. |
6:09 PM to 6:39 PM, May 9, 1012, BC. 1010 BC—Uzzah, a citizen of Judah, dies, believed to have been smitten by God for violating divine law | a reign of 36 years and is succeeded by his son Archippus. Solar Eclipse seen in Ugarit from 6:09 PM to 6:39 PM, May |
precondition for a full solar eclipse, and at noon, the computed time of the solar eclipse of April 16, 1178 BC. In 2008, to investigate, Dr Marcelo O. Magnasco, an astronomer at Rockefeller University, and Constantino Baikouzis, of the Observatorio Astrónomico de La Plata in Argentina, looked for more clues. Within th... | him on the throne. He organizes their slaying and re-establishes himself on the throne. The date is surmised from a passage in Homer's Odyssey, which reads, "The Sun has been obliterated from the sky, and an unlucky darkness invades the world." This happens in the context of a new moon, a necessary precondition for a f... |
King of Athens and veteran of the Trojan War, dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of Theseus. Other accounts place his death a decade earlier and during the Trojan War (see 1190s BC). c. 1180 BC—Invaders raze Hattusa, causing the collapse | Egypt, start of the Twentieth Dynasty. 1184 BC—April 24, the traditional date of the fall of Troy. 1182 BC—A desperate letter of Ammurapi, the last king of Ugarit, reporting the approaching fleet of the Peoples of the Sea. Shortly thereafter they destroyed both Ugarit and Alasiya (Cyprus). 1181 BC—Menestheus, legendary... |
legendary King of Athens, dies during the Trojan War after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of Theseus. Other accounts place his death a decade | of Athens, dies during the Trojan War after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of Theseus. Other accounts place his death a decade later and shortly after the Trojan |
in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East. 1204 BC: Theseus, legendary King of Athens, is deposed after a reign of 30 years and succeeded by Menestheus, great-grandson of Erichthonius II of Athens and second cousin of Theseus' father Aegeus. Menestheus is reportedly assisted by Castor and Polydeuces of Sparta, who wan... | 1200 BC: The Israelite highland settlement takes place, with a notable increase in the settled population in the hills north of Jerusalem during this time. c. 1200 BC: Massive migrations of people around the Mediterranean and the Middle-East. See Sea People for more information. c. 1200 BC: Aramaic nomads and Chaldeans... |
considers his visitor a threat to the throne and proceeds to assassinate him (though other accounts place these events a decade later, in the 1200s BC). 1213 BC—Ramesses II dies (other date is 1212 BC). 1212 BC—Death of Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses the Great. 1210 BC—Accession of legendary Magadhan king Subrata of the Bri... | from her first husband Theseus. The latter seeks refuge in Skyros, whose King Lycomedes is an old friend and ally. Lycomedes, however, considers his visitor a threat to the throne and proceeds to assassinate him (though other accounts place these events a decade later, in the 1200s BC). 1213 BC—Ramesses II dies (other ... |
the Danube region. c. 1000 BC—Archaeological evidence obtained from inscriptions excavated in 2005 dates the Proto-Dravidian language, a classical language spoken in India. c. 1000 BC—Assyrians started to conquer neighbouring regions. 1000 BC—World population: 50,000,000 1000 BC—Priene, Western Anatolia is founded. c. ... | Kenya highlands. c. 1000 BC—Iron Age starts. c. 1000 BC—The United Kingdom of Israel reaches its largest size, it is Israel's golden age. c. 1000 BC—Nok culture in Nigeria. c. 1000 BC—Latins come to Italy from the Danube region. c. 1000 BC—Archaeological evidence obtained from inscriptions excavated in 2005 dates the P... |
trends 1221 BC—Pharaoh Merneptah defeats a Libyan invasion. | from 1229 BC to 1220 BC. Events and trends |
during his reign. c. 1740 BC–Akkadian-Assyrian governor Puzur-Sin drives the Babylonians and Amorites into the north, out of the land of Assyria. Significant people Rim-Sin I, ruler of the Middle Eastern city-state of Larsa since 1758 BC Samsu-iluna, king of Babylon | from January 1, 1749 BC to December 31, 1740 BC. Events and trends 1749 BC–Samsu-iluna succeeds Hammurabi as king of Babylon. However, his rule is not very effective, and Mesopotamia endures turmoil during his reign. c. 1740 BC–Akkadian-Assyrian governor Puzur-Sin |
a rotation has to stand watch to look over the engine room and its components. There are different crew members for watch rotation. Typically, a ship's engine department is run by the engine officers but manned with other occupational specialties of the seafarer's trade like: Machinist/Fitter: A rating (or petty office... | the 20th century, the engine department aboard merchant ships is considered equally important as the deck department, since trained engine officers are required to handle the machinery on a ship. The engine department takes care of the engine room aboard a ship. Rotations various depending on the vessel or company. Who... |
are of the same type and do not combine with one another to form a chemical bond. Atoms will lose an electron(s) forming an array of positive ions. These electrons are shared by the lattice which makes the electron cluster mobile, as the electrons are free to move as well as the ions. For this, it gives metals their re... | The effects of welding on the material surrounding the weld can be detrimental—depending on the materials used and the heat input of the welding process used, the HAZ can be of varying size and strength. The thermal diffusivity of the base material plays a large role—if the diffusivity is high, the material cooling rat... |
the Vedas record the liturgy Vedic mythology, the mythological aspects of the historical Vedic religion and Vedas Vedanga, "auxiliary disciplines" explaining the Vedas Upaveda, traditional Hindu disciplines of scholarship Ayurveda (medicine) Gandharvaveda (music) Dhanurveda (martial arts) Sthaptyaveda (architecture) In... | Vedic may refer to: The Vedas, the oldest preserved Indic texts Vedic Sanskrit, the language of these texts Vedic period, during which these texts were produced Vedic pantheon of gods mentioned in Vedas The historical Vedic religion, of which the Vedas record the liturgy Vedic mythology, the mythological aspects of the... |
of the 1950s consisted of a nuclear family, two parents and two (or more) children. This conception was picturesque in the idea that the father was the breadwinner, the mother a housewife, and the children well-behaved. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? smashes these conventions and shows realistic families that are far ... | when people believed in deities. And then revolutions came—industrial, French, Freudian, Marxist. God and absolutes vanished. Individuals find this very difficult and uncomfortable. All they have left is fantasy or the examination of the self." According to Lawrence Kingsley, Albee’s characters create illusions to help... |
as it involved the destruction of antiquities. The cost of these works was met by heavy taxation that caused much suffering. His foreign policy was regarded as over-ambitious, and he excommunicated both Queen Elizabeth I of England and King Henry IV of France. He is recognized as a significant figure of the Counter-Ref... | to Catholicism raised Sixtus V's hopes, and in corresponding degree determined Philip II to tighten his grip upon his wavering ally. The Pope's negotiations with Henry's representative evoked a bitter and menacing protest and a categorical demand for the performance of promises. Sixtus took refuge in evasion, and tempo... |
that Schumann, as a child, possessed rare taste and talent for portraying feelings and characteristic traits in melody,—ay, he could sketch the different dispositions of his intimate friends by certain figures and passages on the piano so exactly and comically that everyone burst into loud laughter at the similitude of... | infusing his music with characters through motifs, as well as references to works of literature. These characters bled into his editorial writing in the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (New Journal for Music), a Leipzig-based publication that he co-founded. Schumann suffered from a mental disorder that first manifested in 1... |
Schubert's friend. Schubert's friendship with Spaun began at the Stadtkonvikt and lasted throughout his short life. In those early days, the financially well-off Spaun furnished the impoverished Schubert with much of his manuscript paper. In the meantime, Schubert's talent began to show in his compositions; Salieri dec... | chamber music, several songs, piano pieces and, more ambitiously, liturgical choral works in the form of a "Salve Regina" (D 27), a "Kyrie" (D 31), in addition to the unfinished "Octet for Winds" (D 72, said to commemorate the 1812 death of his mother), the cantata Wer ist groß? for male voices and orchestra (D 110, fo... |
and he gave his name to the thermal springs. In 836 the Arabs sacked Lipari, massacred most of the population, and enslaved the survivors. 1000–1500 The Normans conquered Sicily from the Arabs in 1061. Roger II of Sicily sent the Benedictine monks to Lipari, which gave rise to considerable development on the islands. A... | although a couple of more recent scholars have questioned this number arguing for a lower population at the time of Barbarossa. A number of citizens were ransomed in Messina and returned to the islands but most of those captured never returned. Only after the tragedy did the Spanish authorities turn their attention to ... |
to Mendelssohn and asked him to intervene on their behalf with "his friend" Lavater, Lavater, after receiving Mendelssohn's letter, promptly and effectively secured their stay. Illness In March 1771 Mendelssohn's health deteriorated so badly that Marcus Elieser Bloch, his doctor, decided his patient had to give up phil... | cemetery was largely destroyed during the Nazi era, after German reunification, in 2007-2008, it was reestablished with monuments to its past, including a recreation of Mendelssohn's gravestone. Philosophical work Works on religion and civil society It was after the breakdown of his health that Mendelssohn decided to "... |
However, Nasser was "more afraid of a Communist takeover" and agreed on a total merger. The increasing strength of the Syrian Communist Party, under the leadership of Khalid Bakdash, worried the Syrian Ba'ath Party, which was suffering from an internal crisis from which prominent members were anxious to find an escape.... | in the end of the crisis in Lebanon, with Nasser ceasing to supply his partisans and the US setting a deadline for withdrawing from the area. After the overthrow of its Hashemite monarchy in 1958, Iraq became the Arab state most supportive of the UAR. Iraq sought to join the union; however, in 1959 Qasim cancelled the ... |
of the Sicilian Mafia, Italian-American Mafia, or other Italian criminal organizations. Mafioso (film), a 1962 Italian black comedy film Mafioso rap, a | Mafia, or other Italian criminal organizations. Mafioso (film), a 1962 Italian black comedy film |
Late Iron Age and Early Medieval women in the area have had similar jewellery as in the region around present-day Mikkeli. Traces of early settlement in the area have remained in the place names, and most of the original villages in Espoo have been founded by Tavastians. By the 12th century at the latest, they inhabite... | in some southern areas, including the Central Park, Soukka, Espoon keskus, Tapiola, Laajalahti, Hannusmetsä and Matinkylä. Demographics In 2020, Espoo had a population of 292,913 residents—an 18% increase over 2010. The city is the 7th-most densely populated in Finland. The population by citizenship in 2018 was 89.1% F... |
golden roses side by side above it." The squirrel holding the spruce cone of the coat of arms indirectly refers to the Swedish name of Kauniainen (Grankulla). The roses on the subject depict the villa settlements in the locality. The coat of arms was designed by Ahto Numminen and approved by the Kauniainen Chamber of C... | 10,000 years ago, after the Ice Age, only a few islets were visible in the Yoldia Sea, heights that today form the highest peaks of the area that is today known as Kauniainen. As the land slowly rose Kauniainen became a part of the inner archipelago around 4,000 years ago and there is evidence of human activity in the ... |
ballet by Peter Martins based on a Stravinsky composition Maxixe (dance), also known as "Brazilian tango" Films ¡Tango! (1933 film), a film by Argentine director Luis Moglia Barth Tango (1933 film), a film by Danish director George Schnéevoigt Tango (1936 film), a film by Phil Rosen Tango (1969 film), a 1969 Bulgarian ... | Danish director George Schnéevoigt Tango (1936 film), a film by Phil Rosen Tango (1969 film), a 1969 Bulgarian film Tango (1981 film), an animated film by Polish director Zbigniew Rybczyński Tango (1993 film), a film by French director Patrice Leconte Tango (1998 film), a film by Spanish director Carlos Saura Music and... |
lost its vowel harmony due to extensive Persian influence; however, its closest relative Uyghur has retained Turkic vowel harmony. Azerbaijani Azerbaijani's system of vowel harmony has both front/back and rounded/unrounded vowels. Tatar Tatar has no neutral vowels. The vowel é is found only in loanwords. Other vowels a... | vocal harmony systems: a simple one and a complex one. The simple one is concerned with the low vowels e, a and has only the [±front] feature (e front vs a back). The complex one is concerned with the high vowels i, ü, ı, u and has both [±front] and [±rounded] features (i front unrounded vs ü front rounded and ı back u... |
album Libertango was recorded in Milan in May 1974 and later that year he separated from Amelita Baltar and in September recorded the album Summit (Reunión Cumbre) with the saxophonist Gerry Mulligan and an Italian orchestra, including jazz musicians such as bassist /arranger Pino Presti and drummer Tullio De Piscopo, ... | decided to retain Piazzolla as a fourth bandoneonist. Apart from playing the bandoneon, Piazzolla also became Troilo's arranger and would occasionally play the piano for him. By 1941 he was earning a good wage, enough to pay for music lessons with Alberto Ginastera, an eminent Argentine composer of classical music. It ... |
views, especially a shared distrust of corporate or capitalist institutions. While the "red" social-democratic parties tend to focus on the effects of capitalism on the working class, the "green" environmentalist parties tend to focus on the environmental effects of capitalism. Red–green coalition governments There hav... | Alliance (G/EFA) group and later joined the European Green Party. Left Ecology Freedom: a former political party in Italy that was initially formed as a political alliance comprising socialists, greens and social democrats. The political alliance was itself a partial successor to the short-lived The Left – The Rainbow ... |
infections, however, may decrease the risk. Hygiene hypothesis The hygiene hypothesis attempts to explain the increased rates of asthma worldwide as a direct and unintended result of reduced exposure, during childhood, to non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It has been proposed that the reduced exposure to bacteria an... | similar to those of asthma. In children, symptoms may be due to other upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis and sinusitis, as well as other causes of airway obstruction including foreign body aspiration, tracheal stenosis, laryngotracheomalacia, vascular rings, enlarged lymph nodes or neck masses. Bronchiolit... |
consonant sound or sounds at the beginning of a syllable, occurring before the nucleus. Most syllables have an onset. Syllables without an onset may be said to have a zero onset – that is, nothing where the onset would be. Onset cluster Some languages restrict onsets to be only a single consonant, while others allow mu... | a syllable boundary where the usual period might be misunderstood. For example, is a pair of syllables, and is a syllable-final vowel. Components Typical model In the typical theory of syllable structure, the general structure of a syllable (σ) consists of three segments. These segments are grouped into two components:... |
park is "[a]n area, whether within a sanctuary or not, [that] can be notified by the state government to be constituted as a National Park, by reason of its ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, or zoological association or importance, needed to for the purpose of protecting & propagating or developing wildlife... | was introduced in the 1980s. There are 106 existing national parks in India covering an area of 43,716 km2, which is 1.33% of the geographical area of the country (National Wildlife Database, Dec. 2020). In addition to the above, 75 other National Parks covering an area of 16,608 km2 are proposed in the Protected Area ... |
Pliny the Younger conveys to Tacitus that his uncle was ever the academic, always working. The word ibat (imperfect, "he used to go") gives a sense of repeated or customary action. In the subsequent text, he mentions again how most of his uncle's day was spent working, reading, and writing. He notes that Pliny "was ind... | with certainty by his initials in the roof tiles. He kept statues of his ancestors there. Pliny the Elder was born at Como, not at Verona: it is only as a native of old Gallia Transpadana that he calls Catullus of Verona his conterraneus, or fellow-countryman, not his municeps, or fellow-townsman. A statue of Pliny on ... |
the result of anastylosis (reconstruction using the original material) carried out – controversially – between 1956 and 1959. The peristyle is 25.33 x 67.82 metres with a 6 x 15 column pattern (each 10.19 metres high) with numerous traces of the stucco which originally covered it remaining. It is a temple characterised... | of the Bourbon authorities and are now kept in the Palermo archeological museum. East of Temple C is its rectangular grand altar (20.4 metres long x 8 metres wide) of which the foundations and some steps remain. After that there is the area of the Hellenistic agora. A little further there are the remains of houses and ... |
by Nicholas Joseph Jacquin (1727–1817), and named Swietenia mahagoni. Until the 19th century all of the mahogany was regarded as one species, although varying in quality and character according to soil and climate. In 1836 the German botanist Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848) identified a second species while workin... | of the Seven Years' War (1756–63), the mahogany trade began to change significantly. During the occupation of Havana by British forces between August 1762 and July 1763, quantities of Cuban or Havanna mahogany were sent to Britain, and after the city was restored to Spain in 1763, Cuba continued to export small quantit... |
Dancer". Finally, on 3 December, a new single was released, entitled "Touch Me Like That" which peaked at number one on the UK Dance Chart. In early 2008, Minogue was hired as the headline performer at Australian Fashion Week. In particular, she was booked to make an appearance at the opening party hosted by MAC Cosmet... | Of her decision, Minogue said "During discussions for me to return (to The X Factor) it became clear that unfortunately, this year, the X Factor audition dates in the UK clash with the live shows of Australia's Got Talent during June and July. For this reason I am unable to return." She was replaced by Kelly Rowland. I... |
flowers exist on the same individual tree. The fruit is a smooth (glabrous), olive-like drupe which varies in shape from elongate oval to nearly roundish, and when ripe is by . The fruit skin (exocarp) is thin and the bitter-sweet pulp (mesocarp) is yellowish-white and very fibrous. The mesocarp is thick. The white, ha... | paste sauce in Myanmar. Traditional medicine Products made from neem trees have been used in the traditional medicine of India for centuries, but there is insufficient clinical evidence to indicate any benefits of using neem for medicinal purposes. In adults, no specific doses have been established, and short-term use ... |
realisation of its usefulness, stochastic cooling would have been the subject of a few publications and nothing else. Simon van de Meer developed and tested the technology in the proton Intersecting Storage Rings at CERN, but it is most effective on rather low intensity beams, such as the anti-protons which were prepar... | and the electromagnetic forces—under the same set of equations. It provides the basis for work on the long-standing dream of the theoretical physicists, a unified field theory, encompassing also the strong force which binds together the atomic nucleus, and ultimately, gravity. In 1970, Rubbia was appointed Higgins Prof... |
allowed pockets of Ostrogothic rule to limp along until finally being defeated in 561. Pavia and the peninsula of Italy didn't remain long under the rule of the Eastern Roman Empire, for in 568, a new people invaded Italy. This new invading people in 568 were the Lombards (otherwise called the Longobards). In their inv... | The bridge was destroyed, but the fortified camp, which at the time was the most forward Roman military outpost in the Po Valley, somehow survived the long Second Punic War, and gradually evolved into a garrison town. Its importance grew with the extension of the Via Aemilia from Ariminum (Rimini) to the Po River (187 ... |
can obtain funds from among others the World Heritage Fund to facilitate its conservation under certain conditions. UNESCO reckons the restorations of the following four sites among its success stories: Angkor in Cambodia, the Old City of Dubrovnik in Croatia, the Wieliczka Salt Mine near Kraków in Poland, and the Ngor... | or which has disappeared" "To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history" "To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or ... |
Philosophy Pyrrhonism In Pyrrhonist philosophy "dogma" refers to assent to a proposition about a non-evident matter. The main principle of Pyrrhonism is expressed by the word acatalepsia, which connotes the ability to withhold assent from doctrines regarding the truth of things in their own nature; against every statem... | such as the Stoics, Epicureans, and Peripatetics, have failed to demonstrate that their doctrines regarding non-evident matters are true. Epicureanism Epicureanism is a dogmatic philosophy teaching that truth is knowable and that there are knowable, measurable, observable truths. Its philosophical dogmatism is grounded... |
Reggio area since the 15th century. By 1750 it was being grown intensively in the Rada Giunchi area of Reggio and was the first plantation of its kind in the world. In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte took Reggio and made the city a Duchy and General Headquarters. After the former's fall, in 1816, the two ancient Kingdoms of N... | of the Italian Social Movement, backed by the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type criminal organisation based in Calabria. The Reggio Calabria protests were the expression of malcontent about cronyism and the lack of industrial planning. In the 1970s and 1980s, Reggio went through twenty years of increasing organized crime by th... |
Capua (modern-day Santa Maria Capua Vetere), Nuceria (modern-day comuni of Nocera Superiore and Nocera Inferiore), Suessula, Acerra, Ercolano, Pompeii, Stabiae and Sorrento. Meanwhile, during the 8th century BC, Greek-speaking people from Euboea (in Central Greece), known as Cumaeans, began to establish colonies themse... | and fertile in the Italian Peninsula at the time. During the 340s BC, the Samnites were engaged in a war with the Roman Republic in a dispute known as the Samnite Wars, with Rome claiming the rich pastures of northern Campania during the First Samnite War. The First Samnite War was initiated when the Etruscan-influence... |
also making use of reports (answers written on the basis of a sort of questionnaire to fixed questions, prepared by himself) of local notables deemed reliable and trusted. This resulted in a bleak picture, as well as on the economic situation in the region, especially on that of public order. This work has been analyze... | the same collective entity. The basic local organizational unit of the 'Ndrangheta is called a locale (local or place) with jurisdiction over an entire town or an area in a large urban center. A locale may have branches, called 'ndrina (plural: 'ndrine), in the districts of the same city, in neighbouring towns and vill... |
that there were about a dozen Camorra clans. By 1987, the estimate had risen to 26, and in the following year to 32. Roberto Saviano, an investigative journalist and author of Gomorra, an exposé of the activities of the Camorra, says that this sprawling network of clans now dwarves the Sicilian Mafia, the 'Ndrangheta a... | of the various jihadist groups in the Sahel, Africa. Morocco Giuseppe Polverino, the leader of the Polverino clan before his arrest, was considered the 'hashish king', due to his monopoly on the importation of hashish from Morocco to Italy via Spain supplying not only all the Camorra clans, but also the 'Ndrangheta, th... |
under the leadership of Giuseppe Rogoli. According to one account of Rogoli's rise to leadership, it is said that the Apulian crime boss was inspired by (and allegedly sanctioned by) various Calabrian 'Ndrangheta leaders imprisoned in the Trani jail, on the coast north of Bari, the capital of the region, to form a new ... | of the level, the manovalanza, or worker. The candidate must also swear an oath of devotion to SCU. Società Maggiore – The second level, made up of two positions. Lo Sgarro – The position is given only to members who have killed at least three people for SCU, and from now on members cannot leave, on pain of death. Memb... |
the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Publius Septimius Geta receives the titles of Imperator and Augustus from his father, Emperor Septimius Severus. Septimius Severus makes plans to subdue the land to the north of Scotland, ravaging it severe... | The denomination 209 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Publius Septimius Geta receives the titles of Imperator and Augustus from his father, Emperor Septimius Severus. Septim... |
an 18-year reign. He is later deified by the Senate. His sons Caracalla and Geta succeed him as joint Roman Emperors. December 19 – Geta is lured to come without his bodyguards to meet Caracalla, to discuss a possible reconciliation. When he arrives the Praetorian Guard murders him, and he dies in the arms of his mothe... | it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Terentius and Bassus (or, less frequently, year 964 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 211 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Feb... |
side of Festival Hall; marquee additions to the East End Plaza, including a proposed arched, elevated overlook walkway and reflective water feature; a Welcome Pavilion in Polk Bros Park with 4,000 square feet for guest services and programmatic space; a seasonal ice rink within the footprint of the Polk Bros Park's fou... | elevated overlook walkway and reflective water feature; a Welcome Pavilion in Polk Bros Park with 4,000 square feet for guest services and programmatic space; a seasonal ice rink within the footprint of the Polk Bros Park's fountain and plaza; and a short-term, north-side boat docking facility for use by recreational b... |
families move. , 4.26% (6,658 people) of the population was foreign, of which the largest group were Filipinos (21.33%), followed by Ukrainians (11.93%), Romanians (10.93%), Chinese (9.49%) and Senegalese (9.49%). In 1928, during the fascist regime, the neighbouring municipalities of Pirri, Monserrato, Selargius, Quart... | of Cagliari Geography The city of Cagliari is situated in the south of Sardinia, overlooking the centre of the eponymous gulf, also called Golfo degli Angeli ("Bay of Angels") after an ancient legend. The city is spread over and around the hill of the historic district of Castello and nine other limestone hills of the ... |
as gymnastics and volleyball are also held in the McCormick Place buildings in addition to the arena. Archival materials are held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago. The McCormick Place on the Lake 1971 Collection includes photographs, drawings and project files documenting its construct... | the East Building, the North Building is white (as the original building was), with twelve concrete pylons on the roof which support the roof using 72 cables. The HVAC system for the building is incorporated into the pylons and give the building the appearance of a rigged sailing ship. The North Building has approximat... |
operating in 61 countries with 1,063 companies that employ over 223,000 people, 111,000 of whom are outside Italy. Fiat's main shareholders include 30.1% by Exor S.p.A. (controlled by the Agnelli family), 24.9% by EU institutional investors, 11.2% by outside EU institutional investors and 2.6% by Baillie Gifford & Co.,... | on an agreement Valletta had made with Soviet officials in 1966, Agnelli constructed the AvtoVAZ plant in the new city of Togliattigrad on the Volga. This began operation in 1970, producing a local version of the Fiat 124 as the Lada. On his initiative, Fiat automobile and truck plants were also constructed in industri... |
general (d. 273) Egnatius Lucillianus, Roman governor (d. 244) Ruan Ji, Chinese musician and poet (d. 263) Deaths Cao Chun, Chinese general and adviser (b. 170) Liu Hong, Chinese astronomer and politician (b. 129) Sextus Empiricus, Greek philosopher and writer Zhou Yu, Chinese general and | frequently, year 963 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 210 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Having suffered heavy losses since invading Scotland in 208, Emperor Septimius S... |
Liberation Army () See also | may refer to: Kosovo |
Agim Çeku, the KLA's military chief, became Prime Minister of Kosovo after the war. The move caused some controversy in Serbia, as Belgrade regarded him as a war criminal, though he was never indicted by the Hague tribunal. Ramush Haradinaj, a KLA commander, is the founder and currently the leader of Alliance for the F... | crimes against humanity and war crimes. Agim Çeku, the KLA's military chief, became Prime Minister of Kosovo after the war. The move caused some controversy in Serbia, as Belgrade regarded him as a war criminal, though he was never indicted by the Hague tribunal. Ramush Haradinaj, a KLA commander, is the founder and cu... |
Military Korean Liberation Army, created in 1940 Kosovo Liberation Army, Kosovo-Albanian insurgent organization Organizations Kansas Library Association Kentucky Library | KLA Corporation, semiconductor equipment company Other Kampala Airport, Uganda - IATA code Klamath-Modoc |
the United States possessing side-by-side water towers labeled HOT and COLD include Granger, Iowa; Canton, Kansas; Pratt, Kansas, and St. Clair, Missouri; Eveleth, Minnesota at one time had two such towers, but no longer does. Many small towns in the United States use their water towers to advertise local tourism, thei... | or exclusive penthouses. In certain areas, such as New York City in the United States, smaller water towers are constructed for individual buildings. In California and some other states, domestic water towers enclosed by siding (tankhouses) were once built (1850s–1930s) to supply individual homes; windmills pumped wate... |
Colorado Telluride Film Festival, a film festival that takes place in Telluride, Colorado Telluride (chemistry), the tellurium anion and its derivatives Telluride mineral, any mineral that has the telluride ion as its main | of San Miguel County in southwest Colorado Telluride Regional Airport, an airport serving Telluride, Colorado Telluride Ski Resort, a ski resort located one town over from Telluride, Colorado Telluride Film Festival, a film festival that takes place in Telluride, Colorado Telluride (chemistry), the tellurium anion and ... |
to: in Canada Drake Hotel (Toronto), Ontario in the United States (by state) Drake Hotel (Chicago, Illinois), listed on the National Register of Historic Places | Canada Drake Hotel (Toronto), Ontario in the United States (by state) Drake Hotel (Chicago, Illinois), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Drake |
NOAA, the National Ice Center was formed in 1995 when the U.S. Coast Guard became a partner. The National Ice Center produces global sea ice charts and various cryospheric GIS products. They also name and track Antarctic icebergs if greater than on its longest axis. Icebergs must be a minimum of 19 kilometers in length... | 1995 when the U.S. Coast Guard became a partner. The National Ice Center produces global sea ice charts and various cryospheric GIS products. They also name and track Antarctic icebergs if greater than on its longest axis. Icebergs must be a minimum of 19 kilometers in length to be tracked by the NIC. See also Internat... |
into around 20 foreign languages and scored notable commercial success. 2.5 million copies of his books have been sold in Italy. Biography Benni has written many successful novels and anthologies, among which are Bar Sport, Elianto, Terra!, La compagnia dei celestini, Baol, Comici spaventati guerrieri, Saltatempo, Marg... | In 1989, with Umberto Angelucci, Benni directed the film Musica per vecchi animali, adapted from his book Comici spaventati guerrieri, with the actors Dario Fo, Paolo Rossi, and Viola Simoncioni. Two years before that he was also the screenwriter of another film, Topo Galileo by Francesco Laudadio, starring his friend ... |
age and the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Igneous rocks intruded about 60 to 70 million years ago during the Laramide orogeny are associated with the belt and once were thought to be responsible for most of the ore deposits. Now many of the important ore deposits are thought to be genetically related to younger magmatism, so... | of ore deposits from the La Plata Mountains in Southwestern Colorado to near the middle of the state at Boulder, Colorado and from which over 25 million troy ounces (778 t) of gold were extracted beginning in 1858. The belt is a "northeast-striking zone defined by: a Proterozoic shear zone system (McCoy, 2001); a suite... |
actual value of the likelihood function depends on the sample, it is often convenient to work with a standardized measure. Suppose that the maximum likelihood estimate for the parameter is . Relative plausibilities of other values may be found by comparing the likelihoods of those other values with the likelihood of . ... | within likelihoodist statistics: they are similar to confidence intervals in frequentist statistics and credible intervals in Bayesian statistics. Likelihood intervals are interpreted directly in terms of relative likelihood, not in terms of coverage probability (frequentism) or posterior probability (Bayesianism). Giv... |
Republican, he voted with the eight-member majority on all counts. U.S. Secretary of State On December 12, 1881, he was appointed United States Secretary of State by President Chester A. Arthur to succeed James G. Blaine, and served until the inauguration of President Grover Cleveland in 1885. Upon taking the post, Fre... | measures of President Andrew Johnson, for whose conviction he voted (on most of the specific charges) in the impeachment trial. Frelinghuysen supported the Radical Republicans' program for Reconstruction that emphasized a harsh treatment of former Confederates. He later allied with the GOP Stalwart faction whose member... |
form and few true ligature clusters. A table of consonant conjuncts follows although the forms of individual conjuncts may differ according to the font. Consonant conjuncts with ರ (ra) Of special note is the sequence concerning the letter (ra). Unlike other letters, the conjunct form is written second even if it is pro... | includes characters like , , , , , , , , , , and mahāprāṇa characters like , , , , , , , , , . The introduction was done so that Sanskrit (and loanwords into the Kannada language from the donor language Sanskrit) could be written using the Kannada script. These changes have facilitated the use of the Kannada script for... |
the two trees mark the syntactic category of the different constituents, or word elements, of the sentence. In the constituency tree each phrase is marked by a phrasal node (NP, PP, VP); and there are eight phrases identified by phrase structure analysis in the example sentence. On the other hand, the dependency tree i... | constituency-based tree is on the left and the dependency-based tree is on the right: The tree on the left is of the constituency-based, phrase structure grammar, and the tree on the right is of the dependency grammar. The node labels in the two trees mark the syntactic category of the different constituents, or word e... |
(1892). He became a figurehead among the literary bourgeoisie and organised cultural dinners with Guy de Maupassant, Joris-Karl Huysmans, and other writers at his luxurious villa (worth 300,000 francs) in Médan, near Paris, after 1880. Despite being nominated several times, Zola was never elected to the . Zola's output... | French Empire. They tell the story of a family approximately between the years 1851 and 1871. These twenty novels contain over 300 characters, who descend from the two family lines of the Rougons and Macquarts. In Zola's words, which are the subtitle of the Rougon-Macquart series, they are "L'Histoire naturelle et soci... |
success for professional musicians. For instance, Joseph Haydn once remarked that he was glad his father (a wheelwright) had lived long enough to see his son become a Kapellmeister. The term also implied the possession of considerable musical skill. When the 18th-century actor and musician Joachim Daniel Preisler heard... | father (a wheelwright) had lived long enough to see his son become a Kapellmeister. The term also implied the possession of considerable musical skill. When the 18th-century actor and musician Joachim Daniel Preisler heard the famous soprano Aloysia Weber (Mozart's sister-in-law) perform in her home, he paid her the fo... |
(signal), a digital signal processing device that converts a continuous signal to a discrete signal Sampler (needlework), a handstitched piece of embroidery used to demonstrate skill in needlework Sampler (surname) A quilt where each block is constructed using a different pattern Sampler, or hydrocarbon well | signal Sampler (needlework), a handstitched piece of embroidery used to demonstrate skill in needlework Sampler (surname) A quilt where each block is constructed using a different pattern Sampler, |
to record and play back samples Sampling (statistics), selection of observations to acquire some knowledge of a statistical population Sampling (case studies), selection of cases for single or multiple case studies Sampling (audit), application of audit procedures to less than 100% of population to be audited Sampling ... | Sample (material). Specific types of sampling include: Chorionic villus sampling, a method of detecting fetal abnormalities Food sampling, the process of taking a representative portion of a food for analysis, usually to test for quality, safety or compositional compliance. (Not to be confused with Food, free samples, ... |
a sequence of events in some probability space. The Borel–Cantelli lemma states: Here, "lim sup" denotes limit supremum of the sequence of events, and each event is a set of outcomes. That is, lim sup En is the set of outcomes that occur infinitely many times within the infinite sequence of events (En). Explicitly, The... | space. The sequence of events is non-increasing: By continuity from above, By subadditivity, By original assumption, As the series converges, as required. General measure spaces For general measure spaces, the Borel–Cantelli lemma takes the following form: Converse result A related result, sometimes called the second B... |
technique already used in woodcarving, but no wooden examples have survived. Famous Anglo-Saxon examples include the jewellery from Sutton Hoo and the Tassilo Chalice, though the style originated in mainland Europe. In later British and Irish metalwork, the same style was imitated using casting, which is often called i... | probably a transfer to metalworking of a technique already used in woodcarving, but no wooden examples have survived. Famous Anglo-Saxon examples include the jewellery from Sutton Hoo and the Tassilo Chalice, though the style originated in mainland Europe. In later British and Irish metalwork, the same style was imitat... |
discrimination he had faced when he first tried to return to school, but how education about the disease had made him welcome in the town of Cicero. Ryan White emphasized his differing experiences in Kokomo and Cicero as an example of the power and importance of AIDS education. In 1989, ABC aired the television movie T... | of Health guidelines and that White must be allowed to attend school. The means of transmission of HIV had not yet been fully understood by the mid- to late 1980s. Scientists knew it spread via blood and was not transmittable by any sort of casual contact, but as recently as 1983, the American Medical Association had t... |
a campaign to unite Christian powers to come to the aid of Constantinople, just before that great citadel was conquered, Nicholas had ordered 10 papal ships to sail with ships from Genoa, Venice and Naples to defend the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. However, the ancient capital fell before the ships could offer ... | his obligations to Niccolò Albergati. The pontificate of Nicholas saw the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks and the end of the Hundred Years War. He responded by calling a crusade against the Ottomans, which never materialized. By the Concordat of Vienna he secured the recognition of papal rights over bishopr... |
to Grosseto and then to Pisa, where he was guarded by the imperial vicar. On 19 February 1329 Nicholas V presided at a ceremony in the Duomo of Pisa, at which a straw puppet representing Pope John XXII and dressed in pontifical robes was formally condemned, degraded, and handed over to the secular arm (to be "executed"... | after separating from his wife in 1310, and became famous as a preacher. He was elected through the influence of the excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor, Louis the Bavarian, by an assembly of priests and laymen, and consecrated at Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, on 12 May 1328 by the bishop of Venice. After spending four... |
in every field where something is developed. Analysis can also be a series of components that perform organic functions together, such as system engineering. System engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how complex engineering projects should be designed and managed. Information techn... | into its component pieces, and how well those parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose. The field of system analysis relates closely to requirements analysis or to operations research. It is also "an explicit formal inquiry carried out to help a decision maker identify a better course of action and make a be... |
Amman, as part of the lordship of Oultrejordain. In 1166 Philip joined the military order of the Knights Templar, passing on to them a significant part of his fief including the castle of Ahamant or "Haman", as it is named in the deed of confirmation issued by King Amalric. By 1170, Amman was in Ayyubid hands. The rema... | and by Bedouin tribes who used its pastures and water. The Ottoman Empire annexed the region of Amman in 1516, but for much of the Ottoman period, al-Salt functioned as the virtual political center of Transjordan. Modern era Amman began to be resettled in 1878, when several hundred Muslim Circassians arrived following ... |
were poetry readings and dramas. Gladiator fights were also said to be held here and attracted the most audience, although no gladiator was able to gain any momentum or fame due to the heavy mortality rate that came with it. The theatre was one of many structures in Petra that took significant damage due to the earthqu... | by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Access to the city is through a gorge called the Siq, which leads directly to the Khazneh. Famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system, Petra is also called the "Red Rose City" because of the colour of the stone from which it is carved. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage ... |
are predominantly of aquatic (marine, lacustrine) origin. Hutton's classification scheme has proven useful in estimating the yield and composition of the extracted oil. Resource As source rocks for most conventional oil reservoirs, oil shale deposits are found in all world oil provinces, although most of them are too d... | the overlying material to expose the deposits of oil shale and become practical when the deposits occur near the surface. Underground mining of oil shale, which removes less of the overlying material, employs the room-and-pillar method. The extraction of the useful components of oil shale usually takes place above grou... |
the largest river that flows into Puget Sound to the west, and the dams located in Ross Lake National Recreation Area and impounding other lakes adjacent to the park supply nearly 90 percent of the electricity used in Seattle. Other important rivers that originate in the park include the Chilliwack, Nooksack and the St... | southeast boundary of the southern district abuts Lake Chelan National Recreation Area; the park and two recreation areas are managed as the North Cascades National Park Complex. Most of the park complex was designated as the Stephen Mather Wilderness, preventing further human-induced alterations to 93 percent of the p... |
not about Esperanto. 1964: PR became the focus of attention. Several brochures and flyers were published in national languages and special group for contacts with other youth organizations was established. 1965: The first of a series of seminars was organized in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia (today Slovenia), with the goal of ... | group of young people to discuss a current issue. Past seminars have focused on human rights, globalization, language problems on minority languages, intercomprehension and the Internet. The seminars last for one week. Timeline 1920: World Esperantist Youth Association (TEJA) was established (and several years later "f... |
Hittites (other date is 1263 BC). c. 1258 BC—The Exodus as depicted in the Bible. 1251 BC—September 7, a solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes, Greece. 1250 BC—Traditional date of the beginning of the Trojan War. c. 1250 BC—Wu Ding, king of the Shang dynasty, and earliest archa... | agreement with the Hittites (other date is 1263 BC). c. 1258 BC—The Exodus as depicted in the Bible. 1251 BC—September 7, a solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes, Greece. 1250 BC—Traditional date of the beginning of the Trojan War. c. 1250 BC—Wu |
is not natural, as some isomorphisms of do not preserve the product: the self-homeomorphism of (thought of as the quotient space ) given by (geometrically a Dehn twist about one of the generating curves) acts as this matrix on (it's in the general linear group of invertible integer matrices), which does not preserve th... | restricts to a natural transformation. Examples Opposite group Statements such as "Every group is naturally isomorphic to its opposite group" abound in modern mathematics. We will now give the precise meaning of this statement as well as its proof. Consider the category of all groups with group homomorphisms as morphis... |
submerged into a lake, where, as legend has it, it may be seen to this day. The only major cities to escape destruction were Novgorod and Pskov. The Mongols planned to advance on Novgorod, but the principality was spared the fate of its brethren by the decision to preemptively surrender. In mid-1238, Batu Khan devastat... | the Mongols actually came seeking peace, but Yuri II treated them with disdain: Regardless of what impression Yuri II may have given the Mongol delegations, of which several are mentioned, he did his best to avoid direct conflict. He sent them away with what were described as gifts, which were essentially tribute or br... |
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