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human
Find the distance between the vertices of the hyperbola \[\frac{y^2}{27} - \frac{x^2}{11} = 1.\]
gpt
We read that $a^2 = 27,$ so $a = \sqrt{27} = 3 \sqrt{3}.$ Therefore, the distance between the vertices is $2a = \boxed{6 \sqrt{3}}.$
human
Simplify: $i^0+i^1+\cdots+i^{2009}.$
gpt
The powers of $i$ cycle through $i^0 = 1,$ $i^1 = i,$ $i^2 = -1,$ and $i^3 = -i,$ and the sum of any four consecutive powers of $i$ is \[1 + i + (-1) + (-i) = 0.\]Thus, the sum reduces to $i^{2008} + i^{2009} = \boxed{1 + i}.$
human
Find the largest real number $x$ such that \[\frac{\lfloor x \rfloor}{x} = \frac{9}{10}.\]
gpt
We can write $9x = 10 \lfloor x \rfloor.$ Since $x = \lfloor x \rfloor + \{x\},$ \[9 \lfloor x \rfloor + 9 \{x\} = 10 \lfloor x \rfloor.\]Then $9 \{x\} = \lfloor x \rfloor.$ Since $\{x\} < 1,$ $\lfloor x \rfloor = 9 \{x\} < 9.$ Thus, $\lfloor x \rfloor \le 8.$ If $\lfloor x \rfloor = 8,$ then $\{x\} = \frac{8}{9},$...
human
Triangle $ABC^{}_{}$ has $AB=9^{}_{}$ and $BC: AC=40: 41^{}_{}$. What's the largest area that this triangle can have?
gpt
Let $BC = 40x$ and $AC = 41x.$ By Triangle Inequality, $x$ must satisfy \begin{align*} 9 + 40x &> 41x, \\ 9 + 41x &> 40x, \\ 40x + 41x &> 9. \end{align*}The first inequality tells us $x < 9,$ the second inequality always holds, and the third inequality tells us $x > \frac{1}{9}.$ The semi-perimeter is $s = \frac{9 + ...
human
Let $A$ and $B$ be two points on the parabola $y = x^2,$ such that when the tangents at $A$ and $B$ drawn, they are perpendicular. Then for any such pair of tangents, the $y$-coordinate of their point of intersection $P$ is always the same. Find this $y$-coordinate. [asy] unitsize(1.5 cm); real parab (real x) { r...
gpt
Let $A = (a,a^2).$ Then the equation of the tangent at $A$ is of the form \[y - a^2 = m(x - a).\]Setting $y = x^2,$ we get $x^2 - a^2 = m(x - a),$ or $x^2 - mx + ma - a^2 = 0.$ Since we have a tangent, this quadratic will have a double root of $x = a$; in other words, this quadratic is identical to $x^2 - 2ax + a^2 =...
human
Let $z$ be a complex number such that $|z - 5 - i| = 5.$ Find the minimum value of \[|z - 1 + 2i|^2 + |z - 9 - 4i|^2.\]
gpt
Let $z = x + yi,$ where $x$ and $y$ are real numbers. Then $|x + yi - 5 - i| = |(x - 5) + (y - 1)i| = 5,$ so \[(x - 5)^2 + (y - 1)^2 = 25.\]This simplifies to $x^2 - 10x + y^2 - 2y = -1.$ Also, \begin{align*} |z - 1 + 2i|^2 + |z - 9 - 4i|^2 &= |x + yi - 1 + 2i|^2 + |x + yi - 9 - 4i|^2 \\ &= |(x - 1) + (y + 2)i|^2 + |...
human
Find all solutions to the inequality \[\frac{(2x-7)(x-3)}{x} \ge 0.\](Give your answer in interval notation.)
gpt
Let $f(x)$ be the quantity on the left-hand side. Constructing a sign table, we get \begin{tabular}{c|ccc|c} &$2x-7$ &$x-3$ &$x$ &$f(x)$ \\ \hline$x<0$ &$-$&$-$&$-$&$-$\\ [.1cm]$0<x<3$ &$-$&$-$&$+$&$+$\\ [.1cm]$3<x<\frac{7}{2}$ &$-$&$+$&$+$&$-$\\ [.1cm]$x>\frac{7}{2}$ &$+$&$+$&$+$&$+$\\ [.1cm]\end{tabular}It follows th...
human
Brian writes down four integers $w > x > y > z$ whose sum is $44$. The pairwise positive differences of these numbers are $1, 3, 4, 5, 6,$ and $9$. What is the sum of the possible values for $w$?
gpt
The largest difference must be $w - z = 9.$ The two differences $w - x$ and $x - z$ must add up to $w - z = 9.$ Similarly, the two differences of $w - y$ and $y - z$ must add up to 9. Thus, $\{w - x, x - z\}$ and $\{w - y, y - z\}$ must be $\{3,6\}$ and $\{4,5\}$ in some order. This leaves $x - y = 1.$ Case 1: $\{...
human
The first term of a sequence is $2005$. Each succeeding term is the sum of the cubes of the digits of the previous term. What is the ${2005}^{\text{th}}$ term of the sequence?
gpt
The first few terms of the sequence are \[2005, 133, 55, 250, 133.\]Since each term depends only on the previous term, and the fifth term coincides with the second term, the sequence becomes periodic, with period 3. Therefore, the 2005th term is equal to the 4th term, which is $\boxed{250}.$
human
An integer-valued function $f$ is called tenuous if $f(x) + f(y) > y^2$ for all positive integers $x$ and $y.$ Let $g$ be a tenuous function such that $g(1) + g(2) + \dots + g(20)$ is as small as possible. Compute the minimum possible value for $g(14).$
gpt
Let $S = g(1) + g(2) + \dots + g(20).$ Then by definition of a tenuous function, \begin{align*} S &= [g(20) + g(1)] + [g(19) + g(2)] + [g(18) + g(3)] + \dots + [g(11) + g(10)] \\ &\ge (20^2 + 1) + (19^2 + 1) + (18^2 + 1) + \dots + (11^2 + 1) \\ &= 2495 \end{align*}Let's assume that $S = 2495,$ and try to find a functi...
human
Suppose $f(x) = \frac{x}{5} + 3$ and $g(x) = 4-x$. If $f(g(a)) = 5$, find $a$.
gpt
We know that $$\begin{aligned} f(g(a)) &= f(4-a) \\ &= \frac{4-a}{5} + 3 = 5. \end{aligned}$$Multiplying both sides by 5 gives us $$ 4-a + 15 = 25.$$Solving for $a$, $$ a = \boxed{-6}.$$
human
Let $x$ and $y$ be real numbers such that $2(x^2 + y^2) = x + y.$ Find the maximum value of $x - y.$
gpt
We can write $2(x^2 + y^2) = x + y$ as $2x^2 + 2y^2 = x + y.$ Then $2x^2 + 4xy + 2y^2 = x + y + 4xy,$ so \[4xy = 2(x^2 + 2xy + y^2) - (x + y) = 2(x + y)^2 - (x + y).\]Also, \begin{align*} (x - y)^2 &= x^2 - 2xy + y^2 \\ &= (x + y)^2 - 4xy \\ &= (x + y) - (x + y)^2. \end{align*}Completing the square in $x + y,$ we get ...
human
Solve for $x:\ \log_2 x+\log_4 x= 6.$
gpt
First, we use the fact that $\frac{\log b}{\log a}=\log_a b$ to turn $\log_4 x$ into $\frac{\log_2 x}{\log_2 4}=\frac{1}{2}\log_2 x.$ That means that $\frac{3}{2}\log_2 x=6.$ Dividing each side by $\frac{3}{2},$ we get $\log_2 x=4,$ or $2^4=x.$ Thus, $x = \boxed{16}.$
human
Find the minimum value of \[f(x) = x + \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{x + \frac{1}{x}}\]for $x > 0.$
gpt
First, consider the function \[g(x) = x + \frac{1}{x}.\]If $1 \le x < y,$ then \begin{align*} g(y) - g(x) &= y + \frac{1}{y} - x - \frac{1}{x} \\ &= y - x + \frac{1}{y} - \frac{1}{x} \\ &= y - x + \frac{x - y}{xy} \\ &= (y - x) \left( 1 - \frac{1}{xy} \right) \\ &= \frac{(y - x)(xy - 1)}{xy} \\ &> 0. \end{align*}Thus, ...
human
Consider a sequence $x_1,$ $x_2,$ $x_3,$ $\dots$ defined by \begin{align*} x_1 &= \sqrt[3]{3}, \\ x_2 &= (\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[3]{3}}, \end{align*}and in general, \[x_n = (x_{n - 1})^{\sqrt[3]{3}}\]for $n > 1.$ What is the smallest value of $n$ for which $x_n$ is an integer?
gpt
We have that \[x_3 = (\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[3]{3}})^{\sqrt[3]{3}} = (\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[3]{9}},\]and \[x_4 = (\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[9]{3}})^{\sqrt[3]{3}} = (\sqrt[3]{3})^{\sqrt[3]{27}} = (\sqrt[3]{3})^3 = 3,\]so the smallest such $n$ is $\boxed{4}.$
human
Find the focus of the the parabola $y = x^2.$
gpt
Recall that a parabola is defined as the set of all points that are equidistant to the focus $F$ and the directrix. Since the parabola $y = x^2$ is symmetric about the $y$-axis, the focus is at a point of the form $(0,f).$ Let $y = d$ be the equation of the directrix. [asy] unitsize(1.5 cm); pair F, P, Q; F = (0,1...
human
Let $f(x)$ be a third-degree polynomial with real coefficients satisfying \[|f(1)|=|f(2)|=|f(3)|=|f(5)|=|f(6)|=|f(7)|=12.\]Find $|f(0)|$.
gpt
Each of the six values $f(1),$ $f(2),$ $f(3),$ $f(5),$ $f(6),$ $f(7)$ is equal to 12 or $-12.$ The equation $f(x) = 12$ has at most three roots, and the equation $f(x) = -12$ has at most three roots, so exactly three of the values are equal to 12, and the other three are equal to $-12.$ Furthermore, let $s$ be the su...
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ and $z$ be nonzero complex numbers such that $x + y + z = 20$ and \[(x - y)^2 + (x - z)^2 + (y - z)^2 = xyz.\]Find $\frac{x^3 + y^3 + z^3}{xyz}.$
gpt
We have the factorization \[x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - xz - yz).\]Expanding $(x - y)^2 + (x - z)^2 + (y - z)^2 = xyz,$ we get \[2x^2 + 2y^2 + 2z^2 - 2xy - 2xz - 2yz = xyz,\]so $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - xz - yz = \frac{xyz}{2},$ and \[x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz = 20 \cdot \frac{xyz}{2} = 10xyz...
human
Both roots of the quadratic equation $x^2 - 63x + k = 0$ are prime numbers. Find the number of possible values of $k.$
gpt
Let $p$ and $q$ be the roots. Then by Vieta's formulas, $p + q = 63.$ If both $p$ and $q$ are odd, then $p + q$ is even, so one of $p$ or $q$ must be even. This means one of $p$ and $q$ is 2, and the other is $63 - 2 = 61.$ Therefore, $k = 2 \cdot 61 = 122,$ so there is only $\boxed{1}$ possible value of $k.$
human
Let $c$ be a complex number. Suppose there exist distinct complex numbers $r$, $s$, and $t$ such that for every complex number $z$, we have \[ (z - r)(z - s)(z - t) = (z - cr)(z - cs)(z - ct). \]Compute the number of distinct possible values of $c$.
gpt
Expanding both sides gives \[z^3 - (r+s+t)z^2 + (rs+st+rt)z - rst = z^3 - c(r+s+t)z^2 + c^2(rs+st+rt)z - c^3rst.\]Since this equation holds for all $z,$ we must have \[\left\{ \begin{aligned} -(r+s+t) &= -c(r+s+t), \\ rs+st+rt &= c^2(rs+st+rt), \\ -rst &= -c^3rst. \end{aligned} \right.\]If none of $c, c^2, c^3$ are equ...
human
Find the domain of the function \[h(x) = \frac{3x - 1}{\sqrt{x - 5}}.\]
gpt
The square root $\sqrt{x - 5}$ is defined only for $x \ge 5.$ Moreoever, $\sqrt{x - 5}$ is in the denominator of the fraction, so it cannot be 0, i.e. $x$ cannot be 5. Therefore, the domain of the function is $\boxed{(5,\infty)}.$
human
Suppose $a$, $b$ and $c$ are integers such that the greatest common divisor of $x^2+ax+b$ and $x^2+bx+c$ is $x+1$ (in the set of polynomials in $x$ with integer coefficients), and the least common multiple of $x^2+ax+b$ and $x^2+bx+c$ is $x^3-4x^2+x+6$. Find $a+b+c$.
gpt
Since $x+1$ divides $x^2+ax+b$ and the constant term is $b$, we have $x^2+ax+b=(x+1)(x+b)$, and similarly $x^2+bx+c=(x+1)(x+c)$. Therefore, $a=b+1=c+2$. Furthermore, the least common multiple of the two polynomials is $(x+1)(x+b)(x+b-1)=x^3-4x^2+x+6$, so $b=-2$. Thus $a=-1$ and $c=-3$, and $a+b+c=\boxed{-6}$.
human
Let \[f(x) = \frac{2x + 3}{kx - 2}.\]Find all real numbers $k$ so that $f^{-1}(x) = f(x).$
gpt
From the condition $f^{-1}(x) = f(x),$ $f(f^{-1}(x)) = f(f(x)),$ which simplifies to $f(f(x)) = x.$ Note that \begin{align*} f(f(x)) &= f \left( \frac{2x + 3}{kx - 2} \right) \\ &= \frac{2 \cdot \frac{2x + 3}{kx - 2} + 3}{k \cdot \frac{2x + 3}{kx - 2} - 2} \\ &= \frac{2(2x + 3) + 3(kx - 2)}{k(2x + 3) - 2(kx - 2)} \\ &...
human
The functions $p(x),$ $q(x),$ and $r(x)$ are all invertible. We set \[f = q \circ p \circ r.\]Which is the correct expression for $f^{-1}$? A. $r^{-1} \circ q^{-1} \circ p^{-1}$ B. $p^{-1} \circ q^{-1} \circ r^{-1}$ C. $r^{-1} \circ p^{-1} \circ q^{-1}$ D. $q^{-1} \circ p^{-1} \circ r^{-1}$ E. $q^{-1} \circ r^{-1...
gpt
Let $y = f(x) = q(p(r(x))).$ Applying $q^{-1},$ we get \[q^{-1}(y) = p(r(x)).\]Applying $p^{-1},$ we get \[p^{-1}(q^{-1}(y)) = r(x).\]Finally, applying $r^{-1}(x),$ we get \[r^{-1}(p^{-1}(q^{-1}(y))) = x.\]Hence, $f^{-1} = r^{-1} \circ p^{-1} \circ q^{-1}.$ The correct answer is $\boxed{\text{C}}.$
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ and $z$ be three positive real numbers whose sum is 1. If no one of these numbers is more than twice any other, then find the minimum value of the product $xyz.$
gpt
Let the three numbers be $x,$ $y,$ and $z.$ Without loss of generality, assume that $x \le y \le z.$ Then $z \le 2x.$ Suppose $z < 2x.$ Let $x_1 = \frac{x + z}{3}$ and $z_1 = \frac{2x + 2z}{3}.$ Then $z_1 = 2x_1,$ and $x_1 + z_1 = x + z.$ (We do not change the value of $y.$) Note that \begin{align*} xyz - x_1 yz...
human
Find the domain of the rational function $g(x) = \frac{x^3-2x^2+4x+3}{x^2-4x+3}$. Express your answer as a union of intervals.
gpt
Let $p(x) = x^2-4x+3$. A number $c$ is not in the domain of $g$ if and only if $p(c) = 0$. Hence we have, $$c^2-4c+3=0.$$Factoring gives us $$(c-3)(c-1) = 0.$$Solving for $c$ gives us $1$ and $3$. Hence the domain of $g$ is $\boxed{(-\infty, 1) \cup (1, 3) \cup (3, \infty)} $.
human
What is the remainder when $x^4-7x^3+9x^2+16x-13$ is divided by $x-3$?
gpt
Using the Remainder Theorem, the remainder when $f(x) = x^4-7x^3+9x^2+16x-13$ is divided by $x - 3$ is $$\begin{aligned} f(3)&=3^4-7\cdot3^3+9\cdot3^2+16\cdot3-13 \\&= 3^3(3-7+3) + 35\\ &= \boxed{8}. \end{aligned}$$
human
Let $x = 2001^{1002} - 2001^{-1002}$ and $y = 2001^{1002} + 2001^{-1002}.$ Find $x^2 - y^2.$
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} x^2 - y^2 &= (x + y)(x - y) \\ &= 2 \cdot 2001^{1002} \cdot (-2 \cdot 2001^{-1002}) \\ &= \boxed{-4}. \end{align*}
human
Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be conjugate complex numbers such that $\frac{\alpha}{\beta^2}$ is a real number and $|\alpha - \beta| = 2 \sqrt{3}.$ Find $|\alpha|.$
gpt
Let $\alpha = x + yi$ and $\beta = x - yi.$ Then from $|\alpha - \beta| = 2 \sqrt{3},$ $2|y| = 2 \sqrt{3},$ so $|y| = \sqrt{3}.$ Now, $\frac{\alpha}{\beta^2}$ is real. Since $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are complex conjugates, $\alpha^2 \beta^2$ is real, so $\frac{\alpha}{\beta^2} \cdot \alpha^2 \beta^2 = \alpha^3$ is real....
human
Let $x$ and $y$ be two distinct positive real numbers. We define three sequences $(A_n),$ $(G_n),$ and $(H_n)$ as follows. First, $A_1,$ $G_1,$ and $H_1$ are the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean of $x$ and $y,$ respectively. Then for $n \ge 2,$ $A_n,$ $G_n,$ $H_n$ are the arithmetic mean, geometric...
gpt
By AM-GM-HM, \[A_1 \ge G_ 1 \ge H_1.\]Since $x$ and $y$ are distinct, equality cannot occur, so $A_1 > G_1 > H_1.$ Note that $G_1 = \sqrt{xy},$ and \[A_1 H_1 = \frac{x + y}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y}} = \frac{x + y}{2} \cdot \frac{4xy}{x + y} = xy,\]so $G_1^2 = A_1 H_1.$ Now, suppose $A_n > G_n > H_n...
human
Let $z$ be a complex number such that \[|z - 12| + |z - 5i| = 13.\]Find the smallest possible value of $|z|.$
gpt
By the Triangle Inequality, \[|z - 12| + |z - 5i| = |z - 12| + |5i - z| \ge |(z - 12) + (5i - z)| = |-12 + 5i| = 13.\]But we are told that $|z - 12| + |z - 5i| = 13.$ The only way that equality can occur is if $z$ lies on the line segment connecting 12 and $5i$ in the complex plane. [asy] unitsize(0.4 cm); pair Z = ...
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ and $z$ be positive real numbers such that $x + y + z = 3.$ Find the minimum value of \[\frac{4}{x} + \frac{9}{y} + \frac{16}{z}.\]
gpt
By Cauchy-Schwarz, \[(x + y + z) \left( \frac{4}{x} + \frac{9}{y} + \frac{16}{z} \right) \ge (2 + 3 + 4)^2 = 81,\]so \[\frac{4}{x} + \frac{9}{y} + \frac{16}{z} \ge \frac{81}{3} = 27.\]Equality occurs when $\frac{x^2}{4} = \frac{y^2}{9} = \frac{z^2}{16}.$ Along with the condition $x + y + z = 3,$ we can solve to get $x...
human
Compute $a^2 + b^2 + c^2,$ given that $a,$ $b,$ and $c$ are the roots of \[2x^3 - x^2 + 4x + 10 = 0.\]
gpt
By Vieta's formulas, we know that \[\begin{aligned} a+b+c &= \frac12, \\ ab+bc+ca &= \frac42 = 2, \\ abc &= -\frac{10}2 = -5. \end{aligned}\]We square both sides of $a+b+c=\frac12,$ which will produce the terms $a^2+b^2+c^2$: \[(a+b+c)^2 = a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca = \frac14.\]Substituting $ab+bc+ca=2,$ we have \[a^2+b^2...
human
Find the smallest solution to the equation \[\lfloor x^2 \rfloor - \lfloor x \rfloor^2 = 17.\]
gpt
Let $n = \lfloor x \rfloor$ and $a = \{x\}.$ Then, we have \[\begin{aligned} \lfloor x^2 \rfloor &= \lfloor (n+a)^2 \rfloor \\& = \lfloor n^2 + 2na + a^2 \rfloor \\ &= n^2 + \lfloor 2na + a^2 \rfloor \end{aligned}\]because $n^2$ is an integer. We are given that $\lfloor x^2 \rfloor - n^2 = 17,$ so we have the equation ...
human
Let $x = \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{53}}{2} + \frac{3}{2}}.$ There exist unique positive integers $a,$ $b,$ $c$ such that \[x^{100} = 2x^{98} + 14x^{96} + 11x^{94} - x^{50} + ax^{46} + bx^{44} + cx^{40}.\]Find $a + b + c.$
gpt
We have that $x^2 = \frac{\sqrt{53}}{2} + \frac{3}{2}.$ Then $2x^2 = \sqrt{53} + 3,$ so $2x^2 - 3 = \sqrt{53}.$ Squaring both sides, we get \[4x^4 - 12x^2 + 9 = 53,\]so $4x^4 = 12x^2 + 44.$ Then $x^4 = 3x^2 + 11.$ Since $x \neq 0,$ we can divide both sides of the given equation by $x^{40},$ to get \[x^{60} = 2x^{58...
human
The function $f(x)$ satisfies \[f(x) + 2f(1 - x) = 3x^2\]for all real numbers $x.$ Find $f(3).$
gpt
Setting $x = 3,$ we get \[f(3) + 2f(-2) = 27.\]Setting $x = -2,$ we get \[f(-2) + 2f(3) = 12.\]Solving these equations as a system in $f(3)$ and $f(-2),$ we find $f(3) = \boxed{-1}$ and $f(-2) = 14.$
human
The equations $x^3 + Ax + 10 = 0$ and $x^3 + Bx^2 + 50 = 0$ have two roots in common. Then the product of these common roots can be expressed in the form $a \sqrt[b]{c},$ where $a,$ $b,$ and $c$ are positive integers, when simplified. Find $a + b + c.$
gpt
Let the roots of $x^3+Ax+10$ be $p$, $q$, and $r$, and let the roots of $x^3+Bx^2+50=0$ be $p$, $q$, and $s$. By Vieta's formulas, \begin{align*} p + q + r &= 0, \\ pqr &= -10, \\ pq + ps + qs &= 0, \\ pqs &= -50. \end{align*}From the equation $p + q + r = 0,$ we conclude that $ps + qs + rs = 0.$ Subtracting the equat...
human
Let $(x_1,y_1),$ $(x_2,y_2),$ $\dots,$ $(x_n,y_n)$ be the solutions to \begin{align*} |x - 3| &= |y - 9|, \\ |x - 9| &= 2|y - 3|. \end{align*}Find $x_1 + y_1 + x_2 + y_2 + \dots + x_n + y_n.$
gpt
From the given equations, \begin{align*} (x - 3) &= \pm (y - 9), \\ (x - 9) &= \pm 2 (y - 3). \end{align*}Thus, we divide into cases. Case 1: $x - 3 = y - 9$ and $x - 9 = 2(y - 3).$ Solving this system, we find $(x,y) = (-15,-9).$ Case 2: $x - 3 = y - 9$ and $x - 9 = -2(y - 3).$ Solving this system, we find $(x,y) ...
human
Find the remainder when $x^4 +x + 2$ is divided by $x-3$.
gpt
We divide the two given polynomials to obtain \[ \begin{array}{c|ccccc} \multicolumn{2}{r}{x^3} & +3x^2 & +9x & +28 & +\frac{86}{x-3} \\ \cline{2-6} x-3 & x^4 & +0x^3 & +0x^2 &+ x &+ 2 \\ \multicolumn{2}{r}{-x^4} & +3x^3 & \\ \cline{2-3} \multicolumn{2}{r}{0} & 3x^3 & & & \\ \multicolumn{2}{r}{} & -3x^3 & + 9x^2 & & \\...
human
Find all solutions to \[\sqrt[4]{47 - 2x} + \sqrt[4]{35 + 2x} = 4.\]Enter all the solutions, separated by commas.
gpt
Let $a = \sqrt[4]{47 - 2x}$ and $b = \sqrt[4]{35 + 2x}.$ Then $a + b = 4.$ Also, \[a^4 + b^4 = (47 - 2x) + (35 + 2x) = 82.\]Since $a + b = 4,$ there exists a $t$ such that $a = 2 + t$ and $b = 2 - t.$ Then \[a^4 + b^4 = (2 + t)^4 + (2 - t)^4 = 2t^4 + 48t^2 + 32 = 82.\]This simplifies to $t^4 + 24t^2 - 25 = 0$, which...
human
There exists a complex number of the form $z = x + yi,$ where $x$ and $y$ are positive integers, such that \[z^3 = -74 + ci,\]for some integer $c.$ Find $z.$
gpt
Cubing the equation $z = x + yi,$ we get \begin{align*} z^3 &= (x + yi)^3 \\ &= x^3 + 3x^2 yi + 3xy^2 i^2 + y^3 i^3 \\ &= x^3 + 3x^2 yi - 3xy^2 - y^3 i \\ &= (x^3 - 3xy^2) + (3x^2 y - y^3)i. \end{align*}Hence, $x^3 - 3xy^2 = -74.$ We then have \[x(x^2 - 3y^2) = -74.\]Thus, $x$ must be a divisor of 74, which means $x$ ...
human
If $f(x)$ is a monic quartic polynomial such that $f(-1)=-1$, $f(2)=-4$, $f(-3)=-9$, and $f(4)=-16$, find $f(1)$.
gpt
Let $g(x) = f(x) + x^2.$ Then $g(x)$ is also a monic quartic polynomial, and $g(-1) = g(2) = g(-3) = f(4) = 0,$ so \[g(x) = (x + 1)(x - 2)(x + 3)(x - 4).\]Hence, $f(x) = (x + 1)(x - 2)(x + 3)(x - 4) - x^2.$ In particular, $f(1) = (2)(-1)(4)(-3) - 1 = \boxed{23}.$
human
Let $a$ and $b$ be real numbers such that \[\frac{a}{b} + \frac{a}{b^2} + \frac{a}{b^3} + \dots = 4.\]Find \[\frac{a}{a + b} + \frac{a}{(a + b)^2} + \frac{a}{(a + b)^3} + \dotsb.\]
gpt
From the formula for an infinite geometric series, \[\frac{a/b}{1 - 1/b} = 4.\]Then $\frac{a}{b - 1} = 4,$ so $a = 4(b - 1).$ Again from the formula, \begin{align*} \frac{a}{a + b} + \frac{a}{(a + b)^2} + \frac{a}{(a + b)^3} + \dotsb &= \frac{a/(a + b)}{1 - 1/(a + b)} \\ &= \frac{a}{a + b - 1} \\ &= \frac{4(b - 1)}{4(...
human
Let $p,$ $q,$ $r$ be the roots of $x^3 - x^2 + x - 2 = 0.$ Find $p^3 + q^3 + r^3.$
gpt
If $p$ is a root of $x^3 - x^2 + x - 2 = 0$, then $p^3 - p^2 + p - 2 = 0$, or \[p^3 = p^2 - p + 2.\]Similarly, $q^3 = q^2 - q + 2$, and $r^3 = r^2 - r + 2$, so \[p^3 + q^3 + r^3 = (p^2 + q^2 + r^2) - (p + q + r) + 6.\]By Vieta's formulas, $p + q + r = 1$, $pq + pr + qr = 1$, and $pqr = 2$. Squaring the equation $p + q...
human
Let $a$, $b$, and $c$ be the roots of $x^3 - 20x^2 + 18x - 7 = 0$. Compute \[(a+b)^2 + (b+c)^2 + (c+a)^2.\]
gpt
Expanding, we get \[(a+b)^2+(b+c)^2+(c+a)^2 = 2(a^2+b^2+c^2) + 2(ab+bc+ca).\]To compute this expression, note that \[(a+b+c)^2 = (a^2+b^2+c^2) + 2(ab+bc+ca).\]Then we can write the given expression in terms of $a+b+c$ and $ab+bc+ca$: \[\begin{aligned} 2(a^2+b^2+c^2) + 2(ab+bc+ca) &=[2(a^2+b^2+c^2) + 4(ab+bc+ca)] - 2(ab...
human
Three real numbers $a,b,$ and $c$ satisfy the equations $a+b+c=2$, $ab+ac+bc=-7$ and $abc=-14$. What is the largest of the three numbers? Express your answer in simplest radical form.
gpt
By Vieta's, $a$, $b$, and $c$ are the solutions to the cubic equation \[x^3 - 2x^2 - 7x + 14 = 0.\] We group and factor as follows: \begin{align*} x^3 - 2x^2 - 7x + 14 = 0&=(x^3 - 7x) - (2x^2 - 14)\\ &=x(x^2 - 7) - 2(x^2 - 7)\\ &=(x-2)(x^2 - 7). \end{align*} Thus, the three solutions are $x=2$, $x=\sqrt{7}$, and $x=-\...
human
Consider the sequence defined recursively by $u_1 = a > 0$ and \[u_{n + 1} = -\frac{1}{u_n + 1}\]for $n \ge 1.$ Express $u_{16}$ in terms of $a.$
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} u_2 &= -\frac{1}{a + 1}, \\ u_3 &= -\frac{1}{-\frac{1}{a + 1} + 1} = -\frac{a + 1}{a}, \\ u_4 &= -\frac{1}{-\frac{a + 1}{a} + 1} = a. \end{align*}Since $u_4 = u_1,$ and each term depends only on the previous term, the sequence becomes periodic, with a period of length 3. Hence, $u_{16} = u_...
human
Let $a_0 = 2,$ $b_0 = 3,$ and \[a_{n + 1} = \frac{a_n^2}{b_n} \quad \text{and} \quad b_{n + 1} = \frac{b_n^2}{a_n}\]for all $n \ge 0.$ Then $b_8 = \frac{3^m}{2^n}$ for some integers $m$ and $n.$ Enter the ordered pair $(m,n).$
gpt
We re-write the given recursion as \[a_n = \frac{a_{n - 1}^2}{b_{n - 1}}, \quad b_n = \frac{b_{n - 1}^2}{a_{n - 1}}.\]Then \[a_n b_n = \frac{a_{n - 1}^2}{b_n} \cdot \frac{b_{n - 1}^2}{a_n} = a_{n - 1} b_{n - 1}.\]Solving for $a_{n - 1}$ in $b_n = \frac{b_{n - 1}^2}{a_{n - 1}},$ we find $a_{n - 1} = \frac{b_{n - 1}^2}{b...
human
A sequence is defined by $a_0 = \frac{1}{2}$ and $a_n = 1 + (a_{n - 1} - 1)^2.$ Compute \[a_0 a_1 a_2 \dotsm.\]
gpt
Let $b_n = a_n - 1.$ Then $b_ n = b_{n - 1}^2,$ and \begin{align*} a_0 a_1 a_2 \dotsm &= (1 + b_0)(1 + b_0^2)(1 + b_0^4) \dotsm \\ &= \frac{1 - b_0^2}{1 - b_0} \cdot \frac{1 - b_0^4}{1 - b_0^2} \cdot \frac{1 - b_0^8}{1 - b_0^4} \dotsm \\ &= \frac{1}{1 - b_0} = \frac{1}{1 - (-1/2)} = \boxed{\frac{2}{3}}. \end{align*}
human
Let $a$ and $b$ be the roots of the equation $x^2-mx+2=0$. Suppose that $a + \frac{1}{b}$ and $b + \frac{1}{a}$ are the roots of the equation $x^2-px+q=0$. What is $q$?
gpt
By Vieta's formulas, $ab = 2.$ Then \[q = \left( a + \frac{1}{b} \right) \left( b + \frac{1}{a} \right) = ab + 1 + 1 + \frac{1}{ab} = 2 + 1 + 1 + \frac{1}{2} = \boxed{\frac{9}{2}}.\]