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CTF Crypto: RSA attacks - Wiener's attack (small d), Hastad's broadcast (same message, different e), Bleichenbacher (PKCS1 padding oracle), Coppersmith's (small roots). AES: ECB byte-at-a-time, CBC bit flipping, padding oracle. Hash length extension attack on MD5/SHA1/SHA256. |
CTF Web: SQL injection beyond basic: stacked queries, out-of-band (DNS/HTTP exfil), second-order. SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection): Jinja2 {{config}}, Smarty {$smarty.version}, ERB <%= `id` %>. Deserialization: PHP unserialize, Java readObject, Python pickle. XXE: external entity to read /etc/passwd, SSRF via enti... |
CTF Reverse Engineering: Static analysis with Ghidra/IDA: function graph, strings, cross-references. Dynamic analysis: gdb (breakpoints, examine memory, step through), strace/ltrace. Packers: UPX (upx -d), custom packers (dump from memory). Obfuscation: control flow flattening, string encryption, VM-based protection. |
CTF PWN: Stack-based: ret2win (redirect to win function), ret2libc (system("/bin/sh")), ROP chains. Format string: leak stack addresses, write to arbitrary address using %n. Heap: tcache dup (double-free), house of force (top chunk overwrite). Canary bypass: leak canary via format string, brute-force fork server. |
CTF Forensics: File analysis: file, strings, binwalk, foremost. Steganography: LSB (zsteg), metadata (exiftool), audio spectrogram (Sonic Visualizer). Memory forensics: Volatility for process list, cmdline, filescan, dump registry. Network: Wireshark display filters, tshark field extraction, USB pcap analysis. |
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