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sage: T = _ArbCoordTrans((x + y, x - y, z), x) The independent and dependent variables don't really matter in the case of an arbitrary transformation (since it is already in terms of its own variables), so default values are provided:: sage: T.indep_var 'f' sage: T.dep_vars ['u', 'v'] Finally, an example of gen_tran...
sage: T = _ArbitraryCoordinates((x + y, x - y, z), x,[y,z]) sage: T.transform(x=z,y=1) (z + 1, z - 1, z) """ return tuple(t.subs(**kwds) for t in self.custom_trans) class Spherical(_Coordinates):
def gen_transform(self, f=None, u=None, v=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: from sage.plot.plot3d.plot3d import _ArbCoordTrans sage: x, y, z = var('x y z') sage: T = _ArbCoordTrans((x + y, x - y, z), x)
- the *radial distance* (``r``), - the *elevation angle* (``theta``), - and the *azimuth angle* (``phi``).
- the *radial distance* (``radius``) from the origin - the *azimuth angle* (``azimuth``) from the positive `x`-axis
def gen_transform(self, f=None, u=None, v=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: from sage.plot.plot3d.plot3d import _ArbCoordTrans sage: x, y, z = var('x y z') sage: T = _ArbCoordTrans((x + y, x - y, z), x)
Construct a spherical transformation for a function ``r`` in terms of ``theta`` and ``phi``:: sage: T = Spherical('r', ['phi', 'theta']) If we construct some concrete variables, we can get a transformation::
Construct a spherical transformation for a function for the radius in terms of the azimuth and inclination:: sage: T = Spherical('radius', ['azimuth', 'inclination']) If we construct some concrete variables, we can get a transformation in terms of those variables::
def gen_transform(self, f=None, u=None, v=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: from sage.plot.plot3d.plot3d import _ArbCoordTrans sage: x, y, z = var('x y z') sage: T = _ArbCoordTrans((x + y, x - y, z), x)
sage: T.gen_transform(r=r, theta=theta, phi=phi) (r*sin(theta)*cos(phi), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(theta)) Use with plot3d on a made-up function:: sage: plot3d(phi * theta, (phi, 0, 1), (theta, 0, 1), transformation=T) To graph a function ``theta`` in terms of ``r`` and ``phi``, you would use:: sage: Spherical('...
sage: T.transform(radius=r, azimuth=theta, inclination=phi) (r*sin(phi)*cos(theta), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(phi)) We can plot with this transform. Remember that the independent variable is the radius, and the dependent variables are the azimuth and the inclination (in that order):: sage: plot3d(phi * theta, (th...
def gen_transform(self, f=None, u=None, v=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: from sage.plot.plot3d.plot3d import _ArbCoordTrans sage: x, y, z = var('x y z') sage: T = _ArbCoordTrans((x + y, x - y, z), x)
all_vars = ['r', 'theta', 'phi'] _name = 'Spherical coordinate system' def gen_transform(self, r=None, theta=None, phi=None): """
def transform(self, radius=None, azimuth=None, inclination=None): """ A spherical coordinates transform.
def gen_transform(self, f=None, u=None, v=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: from sage.plot.plot3d.plot3d import _ArbCoordTrans sage: x, y, z = var('x y z') sage: T = _ArbCoordTrans((x + y, x - y, z), x)
sage: T = Spherical('r', ['theta', 'phi']) sage: T.gen_transform(r=var('r'), theta=var('theta'), phi=var('phi')) (r*sin(theta)*cos(phi), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(theta)) """ return (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi), r * sin(theta) * sin(phi), r * cos(theta)) class Cylindrical(_CoordTrans):
sage: T = Spherical('radius', ['azimuth', 'inclination']) sage: T.transform(radius=var('r'), azimuth=var('theta'), inclination=var('phi')) (r*sin(phi)*cos(theta), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(phi)) """ return (radius * sin(inclination) * cos(azimuth), radius * sin(inclination) * sin(azimuth), radius * cos(inclination))...
def gen_transform(self, r=None, theta=None, phi=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: T = Spherical('r', ['theta', 'phi']) sage: T.gen_transform(r=var('r'), theta=var('theta'), phi=var('phi')) (r*sin(theta)*cos(phi), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(theta)) """ return (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi), r * sin(theta) * sin(phi), r * cos(th...
- the *radial distance* (``rho``),
- the *radial distance* (``radius``) from the `z`-axis - the *azimuth angle* (``azimuth``) from the positive `x`-axis
def gen_transform(self, r=None, theta=None, phi=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: T = Spherical('r', ['theta', 'phi']) sage: T.gen_transform(r=var('r'), theta=var('theta'), phi=var('phi')) (r*sin(theta)*cos(phi), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(theta)) """ return (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi), r * sin(theta) * sin(phi), r * cos(th...
- the *angular position* or *azimuth* (``phi``), - and the *height* or *altitude* (``z``).
- the *height* or *altitude* (``height``) above the `xy`-plane
def gen_transform(self, r=None, theta=None, phi=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: T = Spherical('r', ['theta', 'phi']) sage: T.gen_transform(r=var('r'), theta=var('theta'), phi=var('phi')) (r*sin(theta)*cos(phi), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(theta)) """ return (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi), r * sin(theta) * sin(phi), r * cos(th...
Construct a cylindrical transformation for a function ``rho`` in terms of ``phi`` and ``z``:: sage: T = Cylindrical('rho', ['phi', 'z'])
Construct a cylindrical transformation for a function for ``height`` in terms of ``radius`` and ``azimuth``:: sage: T = Cylindrical('height', ['radius', 'azimuth'])
def gen_transform(self, r=None, theta=None, phi=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: T = Spherical('r', ['theta', 'phi']) sage: T.gen_transform(r=var('r'), theta=var('theta'), phi=var('phi')) (r*sin(theta)*cos(phi), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(theta)) """ return (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi), r * sin(theta) * sin(phi), r * cos(th...
sage: rho, phi, z = var('rho phi z') sage: T.gen_transform(rho=rho, phi=phi, z=z) (rho*cos(phi), rho*sin(phi), z) Use with plot3d on a made-up function:: sage: plot3d(phi * z, (phi, 0, 1), (z, 0, 1), transformation=T) To graph a function ``z`` in terms of ``phi`` and ``rho`` you would use:: sage: Cylindrical('z', [...
sage: r, theta, z = var('r theta z') sage: T.transform(radius=r, azimuth=theta, height=z) (r*cos(theta), r*sin(theta), z) We can plot with this transform. Remember that the independent variable is the height, and the dependent variables are the radius and the azimuth (in that order):: sage: plot3d(9-r^2, (r, 0, 3), ...
def gen_transform(self, r=None, theta=None, phi=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: T = Spherical('r', ['theta', 'phi']) sage: T.gen_transform(r=var('r'), theta=var('theta'), phi=var('phi')) (r*sin(theta)*cos(phi), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(theta)) """ return (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi), r * sin(theta) * sin(phi), r * cos(th...
_name = 'Cylindrical coordinate system' all_vars = ['rho', 'phi', 'z'] def gen_transform(self, rho=None, phi=None, z=None): """
def transform(self, radius=None, azimuth=None, height=None): """ A cylindrical coordinates transform.
def gen_transform(self, r=None, theta=None, phi=None): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: T = Spherical('r', ['theta', 'phi']) sage: T.gen_transform(r=var('r'), theta=var('theta'), phi=var('phi')) (r*sin(theta)*cos(phi), r*sin(phi)*sin(theta), r*cos(theta)) """ return (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi), r * sin(theta) * sin(phi), r * cos(th...
sage: T = Cylindrical('z', ['phi', 'rho']) sage: T.gen_transform(rho=var('rho'), phi=var('phi'), z=var('z')) (rho*cos(phi), rho*sin(phi), z) """ return (rho * cos(phi), rho * sin(phi), z)
sage: T = Cylindrical('height', ['azimuth', 'radius']) sage: T.transform(radius=var('r'), azimuth=var('theta'), height=var('z')) (r*cos(theta), r*sin(theta), z) """ return (radius * cos(azimuth), radius * sin(azimuth), height)
def gen_transform(self, rho=None, phi=None, z=None): """ EXAMPLE::
- ``transformation`` - (default: None) a transformation to apply. May be a 4-tuple (x_func, y_func, z_func, fvar) where the first 3 items indicate a transformation to cartesian coordinates (from your coordinate system) in terms of u, v, and the function variable fvar (for which the value of f will be substituted). May ...
- ``transformation`` - (default: None) a transformation to apply. May be a 3 or 4-tuple (x_func, y_func, z_func, independent_vars) where the first 3 items indicate a transformation to cartesian coordinates (from your coordinate system) in terms of u, v, and the function variable fvar (for which the value of f will be s...
def plot3d(f, urange, vrange, adaptive=False, transformation=None, **kwds): """ INPUT: - ``f`` - a symbolic expression or function of 2 variables - ``urange`` - a 2-tuple (u_min, u_max) or a 3-tuple (u, u_min, u_max) - ``vrange`` - a 2-tuple (v_min, v_max) or a 3-tuple (v, v_min, v_max) - ``adaptive`` - (defau...
sage: trans=(r*cos(phi),r*sin(phi),z,z)
sage: trans=(r*cos(phi),r*sin(phi),z)
def plot3d(f, urange, vrange, adaptive=False, transformation=None, **kwds): """ INPUT: - ``f`` - a symbolic expression or function of 2 variables - ``urange`` - a 2-tuple (u_min, u_max) or a 3-tuple (u, u_min, u_max) - ``vrange`` - a 2-tuple (v_min, v_max) or a 3-tuple (v, v_min, v_max) - ``adaptive`` - (defau...
sage: rectangular=(u,v,w,w) sage: spherical=(w*cos(u)*sin(v),w*sin(u)*sin(v),w*cos(v),w) sage: cylindric_radial=(w*cos(u),w*sin(u),v,w) sage: cylindric_axial=(v*cos(u),v*sin(u),w,w) sage: parabolic_cylindrical=(w*v,(v^2-w^2)/2,u,w)
sage: rectangular=(u,v,w) sage: spherical=(w*cos(u)*sin(v),w*sin(u)*sin(v),w*cos(v)) sage: cylindric_radial=(w*cos(u),w*sin(u),v) sage: cylindric_axial=(v*cos(u),v*sin(u),w) sage: parabolic_cylindrical=(w*v,(v^2-w^2)/2,u)
def plot3d(f, urange, vrange, adaptive=False, transformation=None, **kwds): """ INPUT: - ``f`` - a symbolic expression or function of 2 variables - ``urange`` - a 2-tuple (u_min, u_max) or a 3-tuple (u, u_min, u_max) - ``vrange`` - a 2-tuple (v_min, v_max) or a 3-tuple (v, v_min, v_max) - ``adaptive`` - (defau...
sage: def _(which_plot=[A,B,C,D,E]):
... def _(which_plot=[A,B,C,D,E]):
sage: def _(which_plot=[A,B,C,D,E]):
sage: def _(which_plot=[F, G, H, I, J]):
... def _(which_plot=[F, G, H, I, J]):
sage: def _(which_plot=[F, G, H, I, J]):
else: raise ValueError, 'expected 3-tuple for urange and vrange'
sage: def _(which_plot=[F, G, H, I, J]):
transformation = _ArbCoordTrans(transformation[0:3], transformation[3]) if isinstance(transformation, _CoordTrans):
if len(transformation)==3: if params is None: raise ValueError, "must specify independent variable names in the ranges when using generic transformation" indep_vars = params elif len(transformation)==4: indep_vars = transformation[3] transformation = transformation[0:3] else: raise ValueError, "unknown transformation t...
sage: def _(which_plot=[F, G, H, I, J]):
Takes a function and plots it in spherical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This function is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,u') sage: T = (r*cos(u)*sin(v), r*sin(u)*sin(v), r*cos(v), r)
Plots a function in spherical coordinates. This function is equivalent to:: sage: r,u,v=var('r,u,v') sage: f=u*v; urange=(u,0,pi); vrange=(v,0,pi) sage: T = (r*cos(u)*sin(v), r*sin(u)*sin(v), r*cos(v), [u,v])
def spherical_plot3d(f, urange, vrange, **kwds): """ Takes a function and plots it in spherical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This function is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,u') sage: T = (r*cos(u)*sin(v), r*sin(u)*sin(v), r*cos(v), r) sage: plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=T) INPU...
return plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=Spherical('r', ['phi', 'theta']), **kwds)
return plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=Spherical('radius', ['azimuth', 'inclination']), **kwds)
def spherical_plot3d(f, urange, vrange, **kwds): """ Takes a function and plots it in spherical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This function is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,u') sage: T = (r*cos(u)*sin(v), r*sin(u)*sin(v), r*cos(v), r) sage: plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=T) INPU...
Takes a function and plots it in cylindrical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This command is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,v') sage: T = (r*cos(u), r*sin(u), v, r)
Plots a function in cylindrical coordinates. This function is equivalent to:: sage: r,u,v=var('r,u,v') sage: f=u*v; urange=(u,0,pi); vrange=(v,0,pi) sage: T = (r*cos(u), r*sin(u), v, [u,v])
def cylindrical_plot3d(f, urange, vrange, **kwds): """ Takes a function and plots it in cylindrical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This command is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,v') sage: T = (r*cos(u), r*sin(u), v, r) sage: plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=T) INPUT: - ``f`` - a sy...
- ``f`` - a symbolic expression or function of two variables. - ``urange`` - a 3-tuple (u, u_min, u_max), the domain of the azimuth variable. - ``vrange`` - a 3-tuple (v, v_min, v_max), the domain of the elevation (z) variable.
- ``f`` - a symbolic expression or function of two variables, representing the radius from the `z`-axis. - ``urange`` - a 3-tuple (u, u_min, u_max), the domain of the azimuth variable. - ``vrange`` - a 3-tuple (v, v_min, v_max), the domain of the elevation (`z`) variable.
def cylindrical_plot3d(f, urange, vrange, **kwds): """ Takes a function and plots it in cylindrical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This command is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,v') sage: T = (r*cos(u), r*sin(u), v, r) sage: plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=T) INPUT: - ``f`` - a sy...
sage: var('fi,z') sage: cylindrical_plot3d(2,(fi,0,3*pi/2),(z,-2,2))
sage: theta,z=var('theta,z') sage: cylindrical_plot3d(2,(theta,0,3*pi/2),(z,-2,2))
def cylindrical_plot3d(f, urange, vrange, **kwds): """ Takes a function and plots it in cylindrical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This command is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,v') sage: T = (r*cos(u), r*sin(u), v, r) sage: plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=T) INPUT: - ``f`` - a sy...
sage: cylindrical_plot3d(cosh(z),(fi,0,2*pi),(z,-2,2))
sage: cylindrical_plot3d(cosh(z),(theta,0,2*pi),(z,-2,2))
def cylindrical_plot3d(f, urange, vrange, **kwds): """ Takes a function and plots it in cylindrical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This command is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,v') sage: T = (r*cos(u), r*sin(u), v, r) sage: plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=T) INPUT: - ``f`` - a sy...
sage: cylindrical_plot3d(e^(-z^2)*(cos(4*fi)+2)+1,(fi,0,2*pi),(z,-2,2),plot_points=[80,80]).show(aspect_ratio=(1,1,1)) """ return plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=Cylindrical('rho', ['phi', 'z']), **kwds)
sage: cylindrical_plot3d(e^(-z^2)*(cos(4*theta)+2)+1,(theta,0,2*pi),(z,-2,2),plot_points=[80,80]).show(aspect_ratio=(1,1,1)) """ return plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=Cylindrical('radius', ['azimuth', 'height']), **kwds)
def cylindrical_plot3d(f, urange, vrange, **kwds): """ Takes a function and plots it in cylindrical coordinates in the domain specified by urange and vrange. This command is equivalent to:: sage: var('r,u,v') sage: T = (r*cos(u), r*sin(u), v, r) sage: plot3d(f, urange, vrange, transformation=T) INPUT: - ``f`` - a sy...
""" Theta_Precision = bound
sage: Q = QuadraticForm(ZZ, 4, [1,1,1,1, 1,0,0, 1,0, 1]) sage: map(len, Q.vectors_by_length(2)) [1, 12, 12] """ eps = RDF(1e-6) bound = ZZ(floor(bound)) Theta_Precision = bound + eps
def vectors_by_length(self, bound): """ Returns a list of short vectors together with their values. This is a naive algorithm which uses the Cholesky decomposition, but does not use the LLL-reduction algorithm. INPUT: bound -- an integer >= 0 OUTPUT: A list L of length (bound + 1) whose entry L[i] is a list of all v...
empty_vec_list = [[] for i in range(Theta_Precision + 1)] theta_vec = [[] for i in range(Theta_Precision + 1)]
theta_vec = [[] for i in range(bound + 1)]
def vectors_by_length(self, bound): """ Returns a list of short vectors together with their values. This is a naive algorithm which uses the Cholesky decomposition, but does not use the LLL-reduction algorithm. INPUT: bound -- an integer >= 0 OUTPUT: A list L of length (bound + 1) whose entry L[i] is a list of all v...
Z = sqrt(T[i] / Q[i][i]) L[i] = ZZ(floor(Z - U[i])) x[i] = ZZ(ceil(-Z - U[i]) - 0)
Z = (T[i] / Q[i][i]).sqrt(extend=False) L[i] = ( Z - U[i]).floor() x[i] = (-Z - U[i]).ceil()
def vectors_by_length(self, bound): """ Returns a list of short vectors together with their values. This is a naive algorithm which uses the Cholesky decomposition, but does not use the LLL-reduction algorithm. INPUT: bound -- an integer >= 0 OUTPUT: A list L of length (bound + 1) whose entry L[i] is a list of all v...
Q_val = ZZ(floor(round(Q_val_double)))
Q_val = Q_val_double.round()
def vectors_by_length(self, bound): """ Returns a list of short vectors together with their values. This is a naive algorithm which uses the Cholesky decomposition, but does not use the LLL-reduction algorithm. INPUT: bound -- an integer >= 0 OUTPUT: A list L of length (bound + 1) whose entry L[i] is a list of all v...
if (Q_val <= Theta_Precision):
if (Q_val <= bound):
def vectors_by_length(self, bound): """ Returns a list of short vectors together with their values. This is a naive algorithm which uses the Cholesky decomposition, but does not use the LLL-reduction algorithm. INPUT: bound -- an integer >= 0 OUTPUT: A list L of length (bound + 1) whose entry L[i] is a list of all v...
n = x.parent()(1)
n = parent(x)(1)
def squarefree_part(x): """ Returns the square free part of `x`, i.e., a divisor `z` such that `x = z y^2`, for a perfect square `y^2`. EXAMPLES:: sage: squarefree_part(100) 1 sage: squarefree_part(12) 3 sage: squarefree_part(10) 10 :: sage: x = QQ['x'].0 sage: S = squarefree_part(-9*x*(x-6)^7*(x-3)^2); S -9*x^2 + ...
bug reported in trac
Bug reported in trac
sage: def my_carmichael(n):
import sage.rings.integer n = sage.rings.integer.Integer(n)
n = Integer(n)
sage: def my_carmichael(n):
return map(lambda x: int(x), list(n.binary()[-k:]))
return map(int, list(n.binary()[-k:]))
def least_significant_bits(n, k): r""" Return the ``k`` least significant bits of ``n``. INPUT: - ``n`` -- an integer. - ``k`` -- a positive integer. OUTPUT: - The ``k`` least significant bits of the integer ``n``. If ``k=1``, then return the parity bit of the integer ``n``. Let `b` be the binary representation of...
def CharacteristicSturmianWord(self, cf, alphabet=(0, 1), bits=None): r""" Returns the characteristic Sturmian word of the given slope ``cf``. The `n`-th term of the characteristic Sturmian word of an irrational slope `\alpha` is `\lfloor\alpha(n+1)\rfloor - \lfloor\alpha n\rfloor + \lfloor\alpha\rfloor`. [1]
def CharacteristicSturmianWord(self, slope, alphabet=(0, 1), bits=None): r""" Returns the characteristic Sturmian word (also called standard Sturmian word) of given slope. Over a binary alphabet `\{a,b\}`, the characteristic Sturmian word `c_\alpha` of slope `\alpha` is the infinite word satisfying `s_{\alpha,0} = ac_...
def CharacteristicSturmianWord(self, cf, alphabet=(0, 1), bits=None): r""" Returns the characteristic Sturmian word of the given slope ``cf``.
- ``cf`` - the slope of the word. It can be one of the following :
- ``slope`` - the slope of the word. It can be one of the following :
def CharacteristicSturmianWord(self, cf, alphabet=(0, 1), bits=None): r""" Returns the characteristic Sturmian word of the given slope ``cf``.
- ``bits`` - integer (optional and considered only if ``cf`` is a real number) the number of bits to consider when computing the
- ``bits`` - integer (optional and considered only if ``slope`` is a real number) the number of bits to consider when computing the
def CharacteristicSturmianWord(self, cf, alphabet=(0, 1), bits=None): r""" Returns the characteristic Sturmian word of the given slope ``cf``.
slope `\alpha` is the limit of the sequence: `s_0 = 1`, `s_1 = 0`
slope `\alpha` is the limit of the sequence: `s_0 = b`, `s_1 = a`
def CharacteristicSturmianWord(self, cf, alphabet=(0, 1), bits=None): r""" Returns the characteristic Sturmian word of the given slope ``cf``.
The characteristic sturmian word of slope `(\sqrt(3)-1)/2`::
The characteristic sturmian word of slope `(\sqrt{3}-1)/2`::
sage: def cf():
`(\sqrt(3)-1)/2`::
`(\sqrt{3}-1)/2`::
sage: def cf():
sturmian word of slope `(\sqrt(3)-1)/2`::
sturmian word of slope `(\sqrt{3}-1)/2`::
sage: def cf():
NotImplementedError: The argument cf (=5/4) must be in ]0,1[.
ValueError: The argument slope (=5/4) must be in ]0,1[.
sage: def cf():
if cf in RR: if not 0 < cf < 1: msg = "The argument cf (=%s) must be in ]0,1[."%cf raise NotImplementedError, msg
if slope in RR: if not 0 < slope < 1: msg = "The argument slope (=%s) must be in ]0,1[."%slope raise ValueError, msg
sage: def cf():
cf = iter(CFF(cf, bits=bits))
cf = iter(CFF(slope, bits=bits))
sage: def cf():
elif hasattr(cf, '__iter__'): cf = iter(cf)
elif hasattr(slope, '__iter__'): cf = iter(slope)
sage: def cf():
raise TypeError("cf (=%s) must be a real number"%cf +
raise TypeError("slope (=%s) must be a real number"%slope +
sage: def cf():
Returns the lower mechanical word. The word `s_{\alpha,\rho}` is the *lower mechanical word* with slope `\alpha` and intercept `\rho` defined by
Returns the lower mechanical word with slope `\alpha` and intercept `\rho` The lower mechanical word `s_{\alpha,\rho}` with slope `\alpha` and intercept `\rho` is defined by
def LowerMechanicalWord(self, alpha, rho=0, alphabet=None): r""" Returns the lower mechanical word.
\lfloor\alpha n + \rho\rfloor`. [1]
\lfloor\alpha n + \rho\rfloor` [1].
def LowerMechanicalWord(self, alpha, rho=0, alphabet=None): r""" Returns the lower mechanical word.
raise NotImplementedError, msg
raise ValueError, msg
def LowerMechanicalWord(self, alpha, rho=0, alphabet=None): r""" Returns the lower mechanical word.
Returns the upper mechanical word. The word `s'_{\alpha,\rho}` is the *upper mechanical word* with slope `\alpha` and intercept `\rho` defined by
Returns the upper mechanical word with slope `\alpha` and intercept `\rho` The upper mechanical word `s'_{\alpha,\rho}` with slope `\alpha` and intercept `\rho` is defined by
def UpperMechanicalWord(self, alpha, rho=0, alphabet=None): r""" Returns the upper mechanical word.
raise NotImplementedError, msg
raise ValueError, msg
def UpperMechanicalWord(self, alpha, rho=0, alphabet=None): r""" Returns the upper mechanical word.
"""
r"""
def strip_answer(self, s): """ Returns the string s with Matlab's answer prompt removed. EXAMPLES:: sage: s = '\nans =\n\n 2\n' sage: matlab.strip_answer(s) ' 2' """ i = s.find('=') return s[i+1:].strip('\n')
The error occurs only when printed::
The error only occurs upon printing::
... def __repr__(self):
.. rubric:: Common Usage:
Most of the time, ``__repr__`` methods are only called during user interaction, and therefore need not be fast; and indeed there are objects ``x`` in Sage such ``x.__repr__()`` is time consuming.
... def __repr__(self):
A priori, since they are mostly called during user interaction, there is no particular need to write fast ``__repr__`` methods, and indeed there are some objects ``x`` whose call ``x.__repr__()`` is quite time expensive. However, there are several use case where it is actually called and when the results is simply disc...
There are however some uses cases where many format strings are constructed but not actually printed. This includes error handling messages in :mod:`unittest` or :class:`TestSuite` executions::
... def __repr__(self):
I the previous case ``QQ.__repr__()`` has been called. To show this we replace QQ in the format string argument with out broken object::
In the above ``QQ.__repr__()`` has been called, and the result immediately discarded. To demonstrate this we replace ``QQ`` in the format string argument with our broken object::
... def __repr__(self):
There is no need to call ``IDontLikeBeingPrinted().__repr__()``, but itx can't be avoided with usual strings. Note that with the usual assert, the call is not performed::
This behavior can induce major performance penalties when testing. Note that this issue does not impact the usual assert:
... def __repr__(self):
We now check that :class:`LazyFormat` indeed solve the assertion problem::
We now check that :class:`LazyFormat` indeed solves the assertion problem::
... def __repr__(self):
Binds the lazy format with its parameters
Binds the lazy format string with its parameters
def __mod__(self, args): """ Binds the lazy format with its parameters
raise ValueError, "%s is not a valid perfect matching: all elements of the list must be pairs"%p
raise ValueError, ("%s is not a valid perfect matching:\n" "all elements of the list must be pairs"%p)
def __classcall_private__(cls,p): r""" This function tries to recognize the input (it can be either a list or a tuple of pairs, or a fix-point free involution given as a list or as a permutation), constructs the parent (enumerated set of PerfectMatchings of the ground set) and calls the __init__ function to construct o...
raise ValueError, "%s is not a valid perfect matching: there are some repetitions"%p
raise ValueError, ("%s is not a valid perfect matching:\n" "there are some repetitions"%p)
def __classcall_private__(cls,p): r""" This function tries to recognize the input (it can be either a list or a tuple of pairs, or a fix-point free involution given as a list or as a permutation), constructs the parent (enumerated set of PerfectMatchings of the ground set) and calls the __init__ function to construct o...
or isinstance(p,sage.combinat.permutation.Permutation_class)):
or isinstance(p,Permutation_class)):
def __classcall_private__(cls,p): r""" This function tries to recognize the input (it can be either a list or a tuple of pairs, or a fix-point free involution given as a list or as a permutation), constructs the parent (enumerated set of PerfectMatchings of the ground set) and calls the __init__ function to construct o...
s="The permutation p (= %s) is not a fixpoint-free involution"%p raise ValueError,s
raise ValueError, ("The permutation p (= %s) is not a " "fixed point free involution"%p)
def __classcall_private__(cls,p): r""" This function tries to recognize the input (it can be either a list or a tuple of pairs, or a fix-point free involution given as a list or as a permutation), constructs the parent (enumerated set of PerfectMatchings of the ground set) and calls the __init__ function to construct o...
We can plot with this transform. Remember that the independent variable is the radius, and the dependent variables are the
We can plot with this transform. Remember that the dependent variable is the radius, and the independent variables are the
def transform(self, **kwds): """ EXAMPLE:: sage: from sage.plot.plot3d.plot3d import _ArbitraryCoordinates sage: x, y, z = var('x y z') sage: T = _ArbitraryCoordinates((x + y, x - y, z), x,[y,z])
We can plot with this transform. Remember that the independent variable is the height, and the dependent variables are the
We can plot with this transform. Remember that the dependent variable is the height, and the independent variables are the
def transform(self, radius=None, azimuth=None, inclination=None): """ A spherical coordinates transform.
... __metaclass__ = sage.structure.unique_representation.ClasscallMetaclass
... __metaclass__ = ClasscallMetaclass
def __call__(cls, *args, **options): """ This method implements ``cls(<some arguments>)``.
... print "calling call_cls"
... print "calling classcall"
... def __classcall__(cls):
calling call_cls
calling classcall
... def __init__(self):
try:
if '__classcall_private__' in cls.__dict__: return cls.__classcall_private__(cls, *args, **options) elif hasattr(cls, "__classcall__"):
... def __init__(self):
except AttributeError:
else:
... def __init__(self):
Return a new Weierstrass model of self under the standard transformation `(u,r,s,,t)`
Return a new Weierstrass model of self under the standard transformation `(u,r,s,t)`
def change_weierstrass_model(self, *urst): r""" Return a new Weierstrass model of self under the standard transformation `(u,r,s,,t)` .. math:: (x,y) \mapsto (x',y') = (u^2xr , u^3y + su^2x' + t). EXAMPLES:: sage: E = EllipticCurve('15a') sage: F1 = E.change_weierstrass_model([1/2,0,0,0]); F1 Elliptic Curve define...
(x,y) \mapsto (x',y') = (u^2xr , u^3y + su^2x' + t).
(x,y) \mapsto (x',y') = (u^2x + r , u^3y + su^2x + t).
def change_weierstrass_model(self, *urst): r""" Return a new Weierstrass model of self under the standard transformation `(u,r,s,,t)` .. math:: (x,y) \mapsto (x',y') = (u^2xr , u^3y + su^2x' + t). EXAMPLES:: sage: E = EllipticCurve('15a') sage: F1 = E.change_weierstrass_model([1/2,0,0,0]); F1 Elliptic Curve define...
if options['labels']:
if options.get('labels', False):
def _render_on_subplot(self, subplot): """ TESTS:
if options['colorbar']:
if options.get('colorbar', False):
def _render_on_subplot(self, subplot): """ TESTS:
dict(contours=[-1e307, 0, 1e307], cmap=cmap, fill=True, labels=False, **options)))
dict(contours=[-1e307, 0, 1e307], cmap=cmap, fill=True, **options)))
def region_plot(f, xrange, yrange, plot_points, incol, outcol, bordercol, borderstyle, borderwidth,**options): r""" ``region_plot`` takes a boolean function of two variables, `f(x,y)` and plots the region where f is True over the specified ``xrange`` and ``yrange`` as demonstrated below. ``region_plot(f, (xmin, xmax),...
contours=[0], cmap=[bordercol], fill=False, labels=False, **options)))
contours=[0], cmap=[bordercol], fill=False, **options)))
def region_plot(f, xrange, yrange, plot_points, incol, outcol, bordercol, borderstyle, borderwidth,**options): r""" ``region_plot`` takes a boolean function of two variables, `f(x,y)` and plots the region where f is True over the specified ``xrange`` and ``yrange`` as demonstrated below. ``region_plot(f, (xmin, xmax),...
sage: def is_4regular(G): ... D = G.degree_sequence() ... return all(d == 4 for d in D) sage: is_4regular(G)
sage: G.is_regular(4)
sage: def is_4regular(G):
self.n = ZZ(max(S)+1).exact_log(2)
self.n = ZZ(max(S)).nbits()
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Construct a substitution box (S-box) for a given lookup table `S`.
and the fourth has no control points: path = [[p1, c1, c2, p2], [c3, c4, p3], [c5, p4], [p5], ...]
and the fourth has no control points:: path = [[p1, c1, c2, p2], [c3, c4, p3], [c5, p4], [p5], ...]
def bezier3d(path, **options): """ Draws a 3-dimensional bezier path. Input is similar to bezier_path, but each point in the path and each control point is required to have 3 coordinates. INPUT: - ``path`` - a list of curves, which each is a list of points. See further detail below. - ``thickness`` - (default: 2)...
EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLES::
def bezier3d(path, **options): """ Draws a 3-dimensional bezier path. Input is similar to bezier_path, but each point in the path and each control point is required to have 3 coordinates. INPUT: - ``path`` - a list of curves, which each is a list of points. See further detail below. - ``thickness`` - (default: 2)...
To construct a simple curve, create a list containing a single list:
To construct a simple curve, create a list containing a single list::
def bezier3d(path, **options): """ Draws a 3-dimensional bezier path. Input is similar to bezier_path, but each point in the path and each control point is required to have 3 coordinates. INPUT: - ``path`` - a list of curves, which each is a list of points. See further detail below. - ``thickness`` - (default: 2)...
Draw a frame in 3D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3D graphics viewing.
Draw a frame in 3-D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3-D graphics viewing.
def frame3d(lower_left, upper_right, **kwds): """ Draw a frame in 3D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3D graphics viewing. INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the lower left corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``upper_right`` - the upper right corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, ...
list, tuple, or vector
list, tuple, or vector.
def frame3d(lower_left, upper_right, **kwds): """ Draw a frame in 3D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3D graphics viewing. INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the lower left corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``upper_right`` - the upper right corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, ...
Draw correct labels for a given frame in 3D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3D graphics
Draw correct labels for a given frame in 3-D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3-D graphics
def frame_labels(lower_left, upper_right, label_lower_left, label_upper_right, eps = 1, **kwds): """ Draw correct labels for a given frame in 3D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3D graphics viewing - do not use directly unless you know what you are doing! INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the low...
list, tuple, or vector
list, tuple, or vector.
def frame_labels(lower_left, upper_right, label_lower_left, label_upper_right, eps = 1, **kwds): """ Draw correct labels for a given frame in 3D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3D graphics viewing - do not use directly unless you know what you are doing! INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the low...
raise ValueError, "Ensure the upper right labels are above and to the right of the lower left labels."
raise ValueError("Ensure the upper right labels are above and to the right of the lower left labels.")
def frame_labels(lower_left, upper_right, label_lower_left, label_upper_right, eps = 1, **kwds): """ Draw correct labels for a given frame in 3D. Primarily used as a helper function for creating frames for 3D graphics viewing - do not use directly unless you know what you are doing! INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the low...
Draw a ruler in 3D, with major and minor ticks.
Draw a ruler in 3-D, with major and minor ticks.
def ruler(start, end, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, absolute=False, snap=False, **kwds): """ Draw a ruler in 3D, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``start`` - the beginning of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``end`` - the end of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``ticks`` - (default: 4) the number of maj...
tuple, or vector
tuple, or vector.
def ruler(start, end, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, absolute=False, snap=False, **kwds): """ Draw a ruler in 3D, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``start`` - the beginning of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``end`` - the end of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``ticks`` - (default: 4) the number of maj...
or vector
or vector.
def ruler(start, end, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, absolute=False, snap=False, **kwds): """ Draw a ruler in 3D, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``start`` - the beginning of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``end`` - the end of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``ticks`` - (default: 4) the number of maj...
shown on the ruler
shown on the ruler.
def ruler(start, end, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, absolute=False, snap=False, **kwds): """ Draw a ruler in 3D, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``start`` - the beginning of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``end`` - the end of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``ticks`` - (default: 4) the number of maj...
subdivisions between each major tick - ``absolute`` - (default: False) if True, makes a huge ruler in the direction of an axis - ``snap`` - (default: False) if True, snaps to an implied grid
subdivisions between each major tick. - ``absolute`` - (default: ``False``) if ``True``, makes a huge ruler in the direction of an axis. - ``snap`` - (default: ``False``) if ``True``, snaps to an implied grid.
def ruler(start, end, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, absolute=False, snap=False, **kwds): """ Draw a ruler in 3D, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``start`` - the beginning of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``end`` - the end of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``ticks`` - (default: 4) the number of maj...
options for lines which are also available.
options for lines, which are also available.
def ruler(start, end, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, absolute=False, snap=False, **kwds): """ Draw a ruler in 3D, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``start`` - the beginning of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``end`` - the end of the ruler, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``ticks`` - (default: 4) the number of maj...
Draw a frame made of 3D rulers, with major and minor ticks.
Draw a frame made of 3-D rulers, with major and minor ticks.
def ruler_frame(lower_left, upper_right, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, **kwds): """ Draw a frame made of 3D rulers, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the lower left corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``upper_right`` - the upper right corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``t...
list, tuple, or vector
list, tuple, or vector.
def ruler_frame(lower_left, upper_right, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, **kwds): """ Draw a frame made of 3D rulers, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the lower left corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``upper_right`` - the upper right corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``t...
shown on each ruler
shown on each ruler.
def ruler_frame(lower_left, upper_right, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, **kwds): """ Draw a frame made of 3D rulers, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the lower left corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``upper_right`` - the upper right corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``t...
subdivisions between each major tick
subdivisions between each major tick.
def ruler_frame(lower_left, upper_right, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, **kwds): """ Draw a frame made of 3D rulers, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the lower left corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``upper_right`` - the upper right corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``t...
options for lines which are also available.
options for lines, which are also available.
def ruler_frame(lower_left, upper_right, ticks=4, sub_ticks=4, **kwds): """ Draw a frame made of 3D rulers, with major and minor ticks. INPUT: - ``lower_left`` - the lower left corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``upper_right`` - the upper right corner of the frame, as a list, tuple, or vector - ``t...
We normally access this via the point3d function. Note that extra
We normally access this via the ``point3d`` function. Note that extra
def text3d(txt, (x,y,z), **kwds): r""" Display 3d text. INPUT: - ``txt`` - some text - ``(x,y,z)`` - position - ``**kwds`` - standard 3d graphics options .. note:: There is no way to change the font size or opacity yet. EXAMPLES: We write the word Sage in red at position (1,2,3):: sage: text3d("Sage", (1,2...
Create the graphics primitive :class:`Point` in 3D. See the
Create the graphics primitive :class:`Point` in 3-D. See the
def __init__(self, center, size=1, **kwds): """ Create the graphics primitive :class:`Point` in 3D. See the docstring of this class for full documentation.