question stringlengths 1 6.54k | options listlengths 4 4 | rationale stringlengths 0 21.9k | label stringclasses 8
values | label_idx int64 0 3 | dataset stringclasses 6
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A community has 30% below 15years of age and 10% over 65years of age. Dependency ratio is | [
"20%",
"40%",
"66.60%",
"3%"
] | Explanation:
Dependency ratio The propoion of persons above 65 years of age and children below 15 years of age are considered to be dependant On the economically productive age group (15-64 years). The ratio of the combined age groups 0-14 years plus 65 years and above to the 15-65 years age group is referred to as the... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
A 11-month-old child came for vaccination. He had received Polio vaccine & BCG at birth. What vaccines should be given to him now? | [
"BCG, OPV, Hep B",
"Measles, DPT, OPV, Hib, Hep B",
"DPT, OPV, Hib, Hep B",
"DPT, OPV, Hep B"
] | Explanation:
b. Measles, DPT, OPV, Hib, Hep B(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1546-1548, Ghai 8/e p 195, IAP 115)All the above vaccines should be given for catch up immunization now. | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Most common bone affected by otosclerosis | [
"External auditory canal",
"Bony labyrinth",
"Mastoid process",
"None"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Bony labyrinth Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the bony labyrinth. There is abnormal bone growth that causes hearing loss. There is altered bone remodeling. Normally, the typical human otic capsule remodeling rate is extremely low. In otosclerosis, normal inhibition of bone remodelin... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Quiescent cells belong to which phase of cell cycle? | [
"G1",
"G0",
"M",
"S"
] | Explanation:
To achieve DNA replication and division, the cell goes through a tightly controlled sequence of events known as the cell cycle. The cell cycle consists of G1 (presynthetic), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (premitotic), and M (mitotic) phases. Quiescent cells that have not entered the cell cycle are in the G0 state.... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Prevalence of disease is | [
"Rate",
"Ratio",
"Proportion",
"Deviation"
] | c | 2 | medmcqa | |
Hepatotoxic drug used in tuberculosis is - | [
"Isoniazid",
"Streptomycin",
"Kanamycin",
"Ethambutol"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Isoniazid o Remember these important side effects of antitubercular drugs.HyperuricemiaPeripheral NeuropathyHepatitisOptic Neuritiso Ethambutolo Pyrazinamideo Streptomycino 1NHo Ethambutolo Ethionamideo Isoniazido Rifampicino Pyrazinamideo Ethionamideo Isoniazido Ethambutol | a | 0 | medmcqa |
FSH acts on which of the following: | [
"Granulosa cell",
"Theca interna",
"Endometrium",
"Myometrium"
] | Explanation:
A i.e. Granulosa cells | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Mechanism of hypokalemia in Gitelman syndrome is: | [
"Mineralocoicoid excess",
"Apparent mineralocoicoid excess",
"Distal delivery of non reabsorbed anions",
"Magnesium deficiency"
] | Explanation:
Hypokalemia is a feature of Gitelman's syndrome Mechanism: Mineralocoicoid excess Similar mechanism seen with Primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism Malignant hypeension Renin secreting tumors Renal aery stenosis Hypovolemia Bater's syndrome Apparent mineralocoicoid excess leads to hypokalemia in Liddle'... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Rigid gas permeable lens are made of- | [
"Plymethymethacrylate",
"Hydroxymethylmethacrylate",
"Co polymer of PMMA, Silicon containing monomer & cellulose acetyl butyrate",
"Cellulose acetae Butyrate"
] | Explanation:
1. Hard lenses: Made of pokymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 2. Rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses: Copolymer of PMMA, silicon containing vinyl monomer & cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) are used to manufacture RGP lenses. 3. Soft lenses: These are made up of hydroxymethymethacrylate (HEMA) | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Superficial perineal space contains - | [
"Membranous urethra",
"Artery of penis",
"Bulbourethral gland",
"Urethral artery"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Urethral artery o Repeat from All India Dec-15 | d | 3 | medmcqa |
A 60-year-old man with a known case of Hemochromatosis, cirrhosis and poal hypeension was brought to ED with altered mental status. Attendant describes that since the last 3 days ,the patient is confused , no h/o melena or hematemesis. For chronic ascites , diet control and spironolactone is given regularly . In the pa... | [
"Ascites is preceded by infection",
"Clinical features are abdominal pain, fever, leucocytosis and altered mental status",
"Ascitic fluid protein of 1 gm/dl",
"Common organisms are Gram negative organisms"
] | Explanation:
SBP- severe complication of ascites characterized by spontaneous infection of the ascitic fluid without an intra-abdominal source. Fluid is a transudate due to cirrhosis protein is <2.5 g/dl. Patients with ascites may present with Fever Altered mental status Abdominal pain or discomfo Elevated WBC count Ba... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
The following wound is not untidy | [
"Incised untidy wound",
"Crushed wound",
"Avulsed wound",
"Lacerated wound"
] | a | 0 | medmcqa | |
23-year-old GIRO woman at 10 weeks' gestation presents to the obstetrics clinic for her initial evaluation. She says she has been hospitalized several times for asthma exacerbations but has never required intubation or admission to an intensive care unit. She is controlled on daily inhaled coicosteroids and albuterol w... | [
"B2 agonist are contraindicated during pregnancy",
"Both agonist and Inhaled coicosteroids are both contraindicated in pregnancy",
"Both B2 agonist and Inhaled coicosteroids are safe in pregnancy",
"B2 agonist and inhaled coicosteroids are both safe in pregnancy but during 2nd and 3rd trimester only"
] | Explanation:
Regular use of preventive steroid inhaler is first line maintenance or controller therapy for all those who requires a beta agonist inhaler more than once a day. Inhaled sho acting beta agonist is the rescue therapy of choice ,higher doses with nebuliser can be used for severe exacerbations. Refer page no ... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Game Keeper's thumb is : | [
"Ulnar collateral ligament injury of MCP Joint",
"Radial collateral ligament injury of MCP joint",
"Radial collateral ligament injury of CMC joint",
"Ulnar collateral ligament injury of CMC joint"
] | Explanation:
Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint is commonly referred to as gamekeeper's thumb or skier's thumb.
Injury occurs by fall on hand with forceful radial and palmar adduction of thumb as seen in skiers.
It is the most common injury of MCP joint. | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Two viral vaccines are expected to reduce the incidence of cancers. Which vaccines are these? | [
"Adenovirus and mumps virus vaccines",
"HAV and poliovirus vaccines",
"HPV 16/18 and hepatitis B vaccines",
"Measles virus and rubella virus vaccines"
] | Explanation:
HPV 16/18 and HBV (c) are implicated in cervical (and other genital) cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Thus, the vaccines against these agents are expected to reduce the incidence of these cancers. This has been seen in regions of the world where routine HBV vaccine is used at birth or sho... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Acquired multistep drug resistance can be seen in all except: | [
"Erythromycin",
"Streptomycin",
"Tetracycline",
"Chloramphenicol"
] | Explanation:
Development of acquired resistance may be due to single-step mutation (as seen with streptomycin and rifampicin) or multi-step mutation (erythromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol). | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Following statements about sarcoidosis is false? | [
"Elevated level of angiotensin conveing enzyme (ACE)",
"Bilateral parotid enlargement is the rule",
"Pleural effusion is common",
"Facial nerve palsy may be seen"
] | Explanation:
Answer is C (Pleural Effusion is common): Pleural Effusion is an uncommon atypical manifestation in Sarcoidosis repoed in up to 5 percent of patients. Parotid enlargement is a classic feature of Sarcoidosis and bilateral involvement is the rule. Neurological disease is repoed in 5-10 percent of patients wi... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Methyl xanthines acts on | [
"Histamine receptors",
"Adenosine receptors",
"Mast cells",
"Cholinergic receptors"
] | Explanation:
(Adenosine receptors) (202-3-KDT) (220-KDT 6th)Mechanism of action of Methylxanthines - Three distinct cellular actions(a) Release of Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum especially in skeletal and cardiac muscle.(b) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase which degrades cyclic nucleotides intracellularly.ATPorGTPAden... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Bone within a Bone appearance is seen in: | [
"Osteo-necrosis",
"Osteoporosis",
"Osteopetrosis",
"Osteomyelitis"
] | Explanation:
Ans. (c) OsteopetrosisRef: Harrison 19th ed. /426e-4* Bone within a bone describes the bones that appear to have another bone within them.Causes: P.O.S.T-C.G.D# Paget's disease of bone# Osteopetrosis# Sickle cell disease# Thalassemia# Caffey's disease# Gaucher's disease# Growth recovery lines (after infanc... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
If a 11 month old child has received two doses of DPT and polio, comes for fuher immunization after 5 months of the last dose, what should be done? | [
"Repeat the whole course",
"Repeat the 2nd dose and continue rest of the course",
"Give 3rd dose and continue the course",
"Give only booster dose"
] | Explanation:
Interruption of the schedule with a delay between doses does not interfere with the final immunity achieved. Booster dose is sufficient. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 134 | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Amplifier host is pig for - | [
"Japanese encephalitis",
"KFD",
"Yellow fever",
"West Nile fever"
] | Explanation:
Among the animal host pig have been incriminated as the major veebrae host for JE virus. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 261 | a | 0 | medmcqa |
A 15 year old female patient presents with pain in the calf muscles on exercise. Routine investigation reveals burgundy-colored urine (sample obtained after exercise). Histopathology of muscle shows deposits of glycogen in an excess amount. What is the diagnosis? | [
"Von Gierke's disease",
"Pompe's disease",
"McArdle's disease",
"Cori's disease"
] | Explanation:
Type V Glycogen Storage Disease (McArdle Disease)
Type V GSD is an autosomal recessive disorder.
Biochemical Defect:
Muscle Phosphorylase Defect.
The gene for muscle phosphorylase (PYGM) has been mapped to chromosome 11q13.
Lack of this enzyme limits muscle ATP generation by glycogenolysis, resulting i... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Which of the following statements about Total Infra–Venous Anaesthesia (TIVA) is true – | [
"Causes More Renal Toxicity",
"Reduces Cerebral Metabolic Rate",
"Risk of Malignant Hyperthermia is high",
"Inhibits Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasconstriction"
] | Explanation:
Total intravenous anaesthesia refers to a technique in general anaesthesia using a compination of agents given solely by IV route and in the absence of all inhalation agents.
TIVA (Total intravenous anaesthesia) is produced by IV propoful. Propofol decreases the cerebral metabolic rate.
Propofol does not i... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
A 7-year-old boy falls from a tree house and is brought to the emergency depament of a local hospital. On examination, he has weakness in rotating his arm laterally because of an injury of a nerve. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a loss of this nerve function? | [
"Injury to the lateral cord of the brachial plexus",
"supracondylar fracture humerus",
"Knife wound on the teres major muscle",
"Inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus"
] | Explanation:
Inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus may damage the axillary nerve, which arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, runs through the quadrangular space accompanied by the posterior humeral circumflex vessels around the surgical neck of the humerus, and supplies the deltoid and teres... | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Which of the following is absent in hemolytic anaemia? | [
"Increased indirect bilirubin",
"Jaundice",
"Increased reticulocyte count",
"Increased hematocrit"
] | Explanation:
Hemolytic anaemia
Increased indirect bilirubin
Jaundice
Decreased hematocrit | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Which of the following statements is true regarding pertussis - | [
"Neurological complication rate of DPT is 1 in 50000",
"Vaccine efficacy is more than 95%",
"Erythromycin prevents spread of disease between children",
"The degree of polymorphonuclear leukocytosis correlates with the severity of cough"
] | Explanation:
Pertussis (Whooping Cough):
Leukocytosis does not correlates with the severity of cough
Drug of choice: Erythromycin (40 mg/kg QID X 10 days)
Vaccines:
DPT:
i. Killed acellular bacilli 20,000 million per dose (0.5 ml)
ii. Pertussis component leads to neurological complications after 2 years of age (@ 1... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Odour receptors are present in: | [
"Olfactory epithelium",
"Olfactory tract",
"Amygdala",
"Olfactory bulbs"
] | Explanation:
The Sense of Smell. Smell depends on sensory receptors that respond to airborne chemicals. In humans, these chemoreceptors are located in the olfactory epithelium -- a patch of tissue about the size of a postage stamp located high in the nasal cavity. | a | 0 | medmcqa |
The following are given intradermally EXCEPT: | [
"Test dose of drugs",
"Insulin",
"BCG vaccine",
"Mantoux test"
] | Explanation:
Insulin is given subcutaneously-so that the absorption is slow avoiding sudden hypoglycemia absorption is slow as fat is having less blood supply MMR vaccine, heparin, morphine are also given subcutaneously-into the fat layer of skin Pg.no.8 KD Tripathi Seventh edition | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Ist urge of micturition comes at | [
"50ml",
"150ml",
"250ml",
"350ml"
] | Explanation:
When 100-150 millilitres (3.5-5 ounces) of urine accumulate, the first sensations of a need to void are felt. The feeling increases in intensity as more urine accumulates, and it becomes uncomfoable at a bladder volume of 350-400 millilitres. Impulses from the pelvic nerves mediate the sensations of bladde... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Basiliximab acts by antagonism against ? | [
"CD 25",
"CD 11a",
"TNF",
"All"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'a' i.e., CD 25 o Basiliximab and daclizumab are mono-clonal antibodies against IL-2R (CD-25). | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Which of the following indicates a longer term nutritional status? | [
"Mid arm circumference",
"Height for age",
"Weight for age",
"Weight for height"
] | Explanation:
Height for age is considered the best indicator of long term nutritional status and best measure of cumulative growth retardation (stunting) Ref: Clinics, Stoves, and Ill-behaved Children: Essays in Health and Development Economics, ProQuest, 2008 - Pg 44; Disease And Moality in Sub-Saharan Africa, World B... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Which of the following statement is FALSE about Naltrexone ? | [
"Parenterally administered",
"Used to prevent relapse of heavy drinking",
"Long acting",
"Cause hepatotoxicity"
] | a | 0 | medmcqa | |
All are symptoms of morphine withdrawal except? | [
"Mydriasis",
"Yawning",
"Lacrimation",
"Fall in BP"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fall in BP Morphine withdrawal Manifestations of morphine withdrawl Lacrimation Anxiety & fear Mydriasis Diarrhea Palpitation Sweating Restlessness Insomnia Dehydration Rapid weight loss Yawning Gooseflash (Piloerection) Abdominal colic Rise in BP Delirium and convulsions are not a charac... | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Venous air embolism is most common in which position in surgery - | [
"Sitting",
"Prone",
"Lateral",
"Lithotomy"
] | Explanation:
Ans, is 'a' i.e., Sitting o Venous air embolism is a potential hazard whenever the operative site is above the level of patients heart,o The 'sitting' position and its modification "beach chair" positions are associated with a greater incidence of venous air embolism. | a | 0 | medmcqa |
In the UIP blindness can be prevented by the administration of- | [
"Measles vaccines",
"Rubella vaccines",
"BCG vaccines",
"Diphtheria vaccines"
] | Explanation:
EPI launched by WHO includes immunisation against diphtheria, peussis, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis and measles.UIP in India contains 2 vital components. 1. Immunisation of pregnant women against tetanus. 2. Immunisation of children in their first age of life against the 6 EPI target disease. Children with... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Human development index (HDI) includes all except- | [
"Adult literacy rate",
"Infant moality rate",
"Per capital",
"Life expectancy at bih"
] | Explanation:
.human developmemt index is defined as a composite index combining i9ndicators such as life expectancy at bih,adult literacy rate and mean years of schooling and income real GDP per capita . ref:parks textbook,22nd ed,pg no 16 | b | 1 | medmcqa |
A 56-year-old lady, who is a known case of lung cancer, presents with vomiting, headache and seizures. Investigations reveal serum osmolarity of 265 mosm/L (normal is 285-295 mosm/L) and a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L (normal value is 136-152 mEq/L). Urine osmolarity is greater than 100 mOsm/L She has normal water i... | [
"Acetazolamide",
"Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Triamterene",
"Tolvaptan"
] | Explanation:
Hyponatremia, Hypoosmolarity and inability to form dilute urine in the fully hydrated condition with concomitant lung cancer points to suspicion of SIADH. Antagonists of ADH are used to treat SIADH Tolvaptan - It is a direct ADH receptor antagonist. It is used for the correction of water retention and hypo... | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Microscopy of corneal ulcer showed branching septate hyphae. The probable diagnosis – | [
"Candida",
"Mucor mycosis",
"Aspergillus",
"Histoplasma"
] | Explanation:
Amongst the given options candida and aspergillus cause a corneal ulcer.
Branched septate hyphae and involvement of cornea favour the diagnosis of aspergillus.
Candia will show yeast-like form and psedomycelia (not branched septate hyphae). | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Characterstic nail finding in lichen planus - | [
"Pitting",
"pterygium",
"Beau's Lines",
"Hyperpigmentation of nails"
] | Explanation:
NAIL CHANGES IN LICHEN PLANUS: 1.Early change- bluish red discolouration of proximal nail fold. 2.thinning of nail plate, koilonychia, longtudinal ridging, splitting(onychoschizia) 3. pterygium formation-wing shaped growth of proximal nail fold across the nail plate due to severe nail matrix involvement. i... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
A 44-year-old female presents with recurrent severe headaches and increasing visual problems. Physical examination reveals her blood pressure to be 200/140. Her symptoms are most likely to be associated with | [
"Medial calcific sclerosis",
"Hyaline aeriolosclerosis",
"Thromboangiitis obliterans",
"Hyperplastic aeriolosclerosis"
] | Explanation:
Malignant hypeension refers to dramatic elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure often resulting in early death from cerebral and brainstem hemorrhages. Pathologically, the renal vessels demonstrate a concentric obliteration of aerioles by an increase in smooth-muscle cells, and protein depositi... | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Sclerotic bodies are seen in | [
"Sporothrix",
"Blastomycosis",
"Chromoblastomycosis",
"Coccidiodes"
] | Explanation:
Chromoblastomycosis - histologically the lesions shows the presence of the fungus as round or irregular dark brown yeast like bodies with septae called sclerotic bodies. Diagnosis can be established by demonstration of these sclerotic bodies in KOH mounts or in sections and by culture on SDA. Ref: Textbook... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Painless ulcer of the tongue is due to - | [
"Dyspepsia",
"Syphilis",
"Tuberculosis",
"None of the above"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Syphilis | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Which of the following is seen in exit wound? | [
"Inverted margins",
"Beveled outer table",
"Dirt collar",
"Tattooing"
] | Explanation:
ANSWER: (B) Beveled outer tableREF: Textbook Of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology: Principles and Practice, By Vij, page 324 Entry woundExit woundSizeSmaller than bullet (when near), Larger than bullet (distant)Larger than bullet (when near), Smaller than bullet (distant)MarginsInvertedEvertedProtrusion of ... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
The male sex hormone testosterone is produced by: | [
"Sertoli cells",
"Epithelial cells",
"Interstitial cells of leydig",
"Primitive germ cells"
] | c | 2 | medmcqa | |
Which of the following incisions is taken for diaphragmatic surgery? | [
"Transverse",
"Veical",
"Radial",
"Circumferential"
] | Explanation:
Circumferential incisions in the periphery result in little loss of function. | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Most frequent causes of acute retention of urine include all except | [
"Meatal ulcer with scabbing in children",
"Haemorrhoidectomy",
"Herniorraphy",
"Fecal impaction"
] | Explanation:
Most frequent causes of Acute Urinary Retention Male Female Both(Males and females) Bladder outlet obstruction(MC) Urethral stricture Acute urethritis or prostatitis Phimosis Retroveed gravid Uterus Bladder neck obstruction (MC) Blood Clot Urethral calculus Rupture of urethra Neurogenic (injury or disease ... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Strongest force of bonding between retina and RPE – | [
"Vitreous gel pressure",
"Intraocular fluid pressure",
"RPE water transport",
"IPM"
] | Explanation:
Interphotorecepter matrix (IPM) is the most important bond between the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) to the rest of the retina (through photoreceptor layer). | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Infected waste is disposed in which container? | [
"Red",
"Blue",
"Yellow",
"Black"
] | c | 2 | medmcqa | |
Septal perforation is NOT a complication of which of the following condition? | [
"Septal abscess",
"Leprosy",
"Rhinophyma",
"Trauma"
] | Explanation:
Local trauma is known to be the most common cause of septal perforation. Rhinophyma refers to thickened, erythematous or purple hued nasal skin. It is not known to cause septal perforation. Complications associated with its use are nasal obstruction, skin cancers and tumors. Other causes of septal perforat... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Theme: Tooth Preparation Procedures
A - Cingulum rest preparation
B - Composite restorations
C - Full-coverage crown
D - Guide plane preparation
E - Partial-coverage cast restoration
F - Tilting cast
For each of the following descriptions, choose the most appropriate preparation or procedure from the list above. You ma... | [
"1F 2C 3B",
"1A 2B 3F",
"1A 2B 3C",
"1F 2B 3A"
] | d | 3 | medmcqa | |
Bett's classification deals with ? | [
"Ocular trauma",
"Ocular foreign body",
"Squint",
"Maculopathy"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ocular trauma BETTS (Birmingham Eye Trauma Classification System) Ocular trauma classification group has organized eye injuries using standard technology to describe various forms of ocular injury. This is called BETTS - Birmingham Eye Trauma Classification System. | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Which of the following is true for the ratio of fresh placental weight to infant weight in the last trimester of pregnancy? | [
"1:02",
"2:01",
"1:06",
"6:01"
] | Explanation:
Ans. C. 1:6The ratio of fresh placental weight to infant weight in the last trimester of pregnancy is 1:6. A very small placenta may be a result of chronic hypoxia while a large placenta may be because of maternal diabetes. | c | 2 | medmcqa |
A newborn has fused eyes and single nasal chamber & undeveloped callosum. What is the most probable diagnosis? | [
"Holoprosencephaly",
"Schizencephaly",
"Plagiocephaly",
"Brachycephaly"
] | Explanation:
Holoprosencephaly: brain doesn't properly divide into right and left hemispheres. Associated with trisomy 13 (MC), trisomy 18, CHARGE syndrome Schizencephaly- characterized by abnormal slits or clefts in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain. Plagiocephaly- characterized by an asymmetrical distoion (flatte... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
First enzyme to be raised in MI is ? | [
"CPK-MB",
"LDH",
"Myoglobin",
"Troponin-I"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Myoglobin | c | 2 | medmcqa |
In vitro test for enterotoxin - | [
"Mac Conckey's culture",
"Blood agar culture",
"Rabbit ileal loop culture",
"None"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'd' i.e., None . MacConKey's and blood agar culture are not used for detection of enterotoxin. . Rabbit ileal loop culture is in vivo test (not in vitro) | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Substance which binds to substrate other than catalytic enzyme is ? | [
"Competitive inhibitor",
"Non-competitive inhibitor",
"Reversible inhibitor",
"None of the above"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Non-competitive inhibitor Non-competitive inhibitor In this type of inhibition no competition occurs between substrate and inhibitor. Inhibitor is structurally different from substrate and binds to enzyme at a site other than the substrate binding (catalytic) site. Occupancy of this site ... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Professional misconduct - | [
"Association with non medical persons in medical procedures",
"Dichotomy",
"Issuing false ceificate",
"All of the above"
] | Explanation:
Professional misconduct is any conduct of the doctor which might reasonably be regarded as disgraceful or dishonorable. Conduct is judged by professional men of good repute and competence. The doctor may get a warning notice and his name can be erased from Medical Register if guilty. These offenses include... | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Statistical test used to relate two group values/ differences? | [
"Kruskal Wallis",
"Spearman correlation",
"Kendall tau",
"Chi square"
] | d | 3 | medmcqa | |
Pearl Index is a measure of : | [
"Potency of contraceptives",
"Feility rate",
"Potency of disinfectant",
"Couple protection rate"
] | Explanation:
Potency of contraceptives | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Anxiety is | [
"Neurosis",
"Psychosis",
"Personality disorder",
"None"
] | Explanation:
In ICD-10, neurosis, stress-related and somatoform disorders have been classified into the following types: Phobic anxiety disorders Other anxiety disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorders (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no 89) | a | 0 | medmcqa |
The natural history of disease is best established by: | [
"Randomized control trials",
"Clinical trials",
"Descriptive studies",
"Coho studies"
] | Explanation:
The Natural history of disease is best established by coho studies. COHO STUDY: Forward looking study Prospective study Cause to effect study Risk factor to disease study Exposure to outcome study Follow-up study Incidence study | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Common injury to baby is: | [
"Fracture humerus",
"Fracture clavicle",
"Fracture",
"Fracture femur"
] | Explanation:
B i.e. Clavicle | b | 1 | medmcqa |
A 55-year-old known smoker for 25 years presents with a low pitched voice. Endoscopy shows a mass limited to the vocal cord on the left. A biopsy is suggestive of laryngeal cancer type T1N0. Treatment of choice would be - | [
"Vertical partial hemilaryngectomy",
"Radiotherapy",
"Chemotherapy",
"Total laryngectomy with cervical lymph node dis section"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Radiotherapy Treatment of glottic cancero Stage-dependent treatment include:-i) Carcinoma in situ (CIN):- Best treated by transoral endoscopic CO2 laser. If the laser is not available stripping of vocal cord is done and the tissue is sent for biopsy. If the biopsy shows invasive carcinoma... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Miyagawa body is characteristically seen in | [
"Kala azar",
"Syphilis",
"Granuloma inguinale",
"LGV"
] | Explanation:
(D) LGV # MIYAGAWA BODIES:> Chlamydia trachomatis (Miyagawa Nella lymphogranulomatosis), the elementary bodies that develop in the intracytoplasmic mi- crocolonies of Lymphogranuloma Venereum.> Lab diagnosis of LGV (Lymphogranuloma Venereum):> The primary lesion usually goes unnoticed and the disease is se... | d | 3 | medmcqa |
An asthmatic patient is taken into the OT for removal of a tumor from colon. Which of the following anaesthetic agent is preferred in this patient? | [
"Ether",
"Ketamine",
"TCE",
"N20"
] | Explanation:
Ventilatory drive is minimally affected by induction doses of ketamine, although rapid intravenous bolus administration or combinations of ketamine with opioids occasionally produce apnea. Racemic ketamine is a potent bronchodilator, making it a good induction agent for asthmatic patients. Ref: Butterwoh I... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Initiation of visual impulse is associated with: | [
"Condensation of opsin with vitamin A aldehyde",
"Photoisomerization and hydrolysis of visual purple",
"INADP",
"I NAD"
] | Explanation:
When light falls on rhodopsin, it is absorbed by rhodopsin causing isomerization of the retinaldehyde from 11-cis to all-trans form, and a conformational change in opsin. This results in the release of retinaldehyde from the protein, and the initiation of a nerve impulse. The final step is hydrolysis to re... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
The angle of divergence in the preparation of cast-metal intracoronal restorations: | [
"2-5 degrees per wall",
"2-5 degrees",
"10-15 degrees per wall",
"12 degrees per wall"
] | Explanation:
Cast-metal intracoronal restorations, referred to as inlay restorations, rely on diverging vertical walls that are almost parallel and a luting cement to provide retention of the casting in the tooth . During the initial tooth preparation, the preparation walls are designed not only to provide for draw (fo... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
The membranous pa of the atrio ventricular pa of interventricular septum is between? | [
"RA & LV",
"LV & RV",
"RA & RV",
"LA & LV"
] | Explanation:
A i.e. RA & LV | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Larva found in muscle is : | [
"Trichinella spiralis",
"Ankylostoma duodenale",
"Trichuris trichura",
"Enterobius vermicularis"
] | Explanation:
Ans is 'a' i.e. Trichinella SpiralisIn Trichinella spiralis -Infection occurs after - ingestion of encysted larva in pork meat. After ingestion cysts travel to small intestine where larva leaves the cyst and mature into mating adults.Following mating female produce thousands of larvae. The larvae then ente... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Frisch bacillus affects most commonly | [
"Mouth",
"Nose",
"Eye",
"Ear"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nose | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Common pathological changes seen in the kidney in benign hypeension are- | [
"Fibronoid necrosis",
"Microaneurysm",
"Hyaline aeriosclerosis",
"Thining of walls"
] | Explanation:
Microscopically there is a narrowing of the lumens of the aerioles and small aeries, caused by thickening and hyalinization of the walls (hyaline aeriolosclerosis). In addition, interlobular and arcuate aeries show medial hyperophy, replication of internal elastic lamina, all of which narrow the lumen. Par... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Following is true of pyonephrosis except: | [
"Commonly associated with renal calculi",
"Always unilateral",
"Is a complication of hydronephrosis",
"Follows acute pyelonephritis"
] | Explanation:
Ans. (b) Always unilateralRef: Smith 17th Edition, Pages 204-206# In pyonephrosis kidney is a bag of pus.# Most common cause is stones followed by Infected hydronephrosis and acute pyelonephritis# Mostly unilateral but can be bilateral also# Percutaneous nephrostomy is the initial treatment# Subcapsular ne... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Which of the following is the most common complication of asymptomatic atrial fibrillation? | [
"Sudden death",
"Stroke",
"Shock",
"Pulmonary Embolism"
] | Explanation:
In choosing to treat a patient who has atrial fibrillation with oral anticoagulants, the balance of risks and benefits needs to be considered. Assessment of patients for these risk factors can be used to decide who should be treated with warfarin. There is a fourfold increase in the risk of stroke in patie... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Anterior compartment of leg contains all muscle except - | [
"Peroneus brevis",
"Peroneus tertius",
"Extensor hallucis longus",
"Tibialis anterior"
] | Explanation:
Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis are present in lateral compartment of leg.
Peroneus tertius, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus are present in anterior compartment of leg. | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Nevirapine belongs to: September 2010, March 2013 | [
"Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor",
"Protease inhibitor",
"Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor",
"None of the above"
] | Explanation:
Ans. C: Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNI) used to treat HIV-1 infection and AIDS | c | 2 | medmcqa |
A patient presenting with tense bullae on erythematous base. On histopathological examination following can be seen? | [
"Subcorneal split",
"Sub epidermal split",
"Fishnet pattern",
"Raw of tomb stones appearance"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sub epidermal split * Tense bullae on erythematous base on erythematous base are characteristic presentation of bullous pemphigoid. Bullous pemphigoid is a sub epidermal blistering disorder.* Characteristic histopathological finding of BP is sub epidermal split with relatively normal epid... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)? | [
"Auer rods",
"Basophilia",
"Increased LAP score",
"Bone marrow fibrosis"
] | Explanation:
Characteristic features of CML are massive splenomegaly, hyperleucocytosis, peripheral blood Basophilia & Philadelphia Chromosome/ t(9;22). | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Highest calcium Concentration is present in | [
"Dates",
"Guava",
"Amla",
"Halibut Liver oil"
] | a | 0 | medmcqa | |
Which of the following is height independent index - | [
"Ponderal",
"Brocas",
"Corpulence",
"Lorent'z"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Corpulence index Different indices use to determine obesity are:A. Body mass index/Qnetelet's index - FAO/WHO recommends it's use internationally as reference standard for assessing the prevalence of obesity in a community . | c | 2 | medmcqa |
A 50 years old male patient travels alone in a remote village of Rajasthan was not on any food or water for the past 24 hours. Urine osmolality is 1150 mOsm/Kg. The major site of water reabsorption is | [
"Proximal tubule",
"Henle's loop",
"Distal tubule",
"Medullary collecting duct"
] | Explanation:
Answer: a) Proximal tubuleWater Transport along the NephronSegmentPercentage of Filtrate ReabsorbedMechanism of Water ReabsorptionHormones That Regulate Water PermeabilityProximal tubule67%PassiveNoneLoop of Henle15%Descending thin limbonly; passiveNoneDistal tubule0%No water reabsorptionNoneLate distal tu... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
This appearance in a 60-year-old man is suggestive of: | [
"Eosinophilic granuloma",
"Multiple myeloma",
"Hyperparathyroidism",
"Acromegaly"
] | Explanation:
Ans. B Multiple myelomaRadiograph of skull shows multiple punched out uniform lytic lesions - peculiar of Multiple myeloma - described as Rain drop skullQ. Other imaging signs include Salt pepper appearance of vertebraQ on MRI/Vertebra planaQ/Wrinkled vertebraQ. Lesions show cold spots on 99m - Tc - MDP bo... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Change in the diastolic BP upon standing comes back to normal within | [
"15-30 sec",
"30-60 sec",
"60-90 sec",
"90-120sec"
] | Explanation:
In standing poster diastolic BP increases Upon standing peripheral pooling of blood independent pas occur sudden standing increases DBP,if recorded within 30 to 60 seconds of change in posture after that it comes back to normal where the operation of baroreceptor reflex. Ref: page no-351 Textbook of physio... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Most common organism isolated in breast abscess patients | [
"Streptococcus",
"Staphylocoeus aureus",
"Klebsiella",
"None"
] | Explanation:
Ans. (b) Staphylocoeus aureus (Ref Schwartz 10th edition Page 506)* MC organism causing mastitis - Staphylococcus aureus > Streptococcus* Zuska's Disease: RecurrentPeriductal mastitis seen in Smokers. | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Which of the following DPP IV inhibitors does not require dose modification in Chronic kidney disease patients | [
"Sitagliptin",
"Vildagliptin",
"Linagliptin",
"All of the above"
] | Explanation:
Linagliptin is is DPP IV inhibitors does not require dose modifications in Chronic kidney disease patients and can be used even in stage 5 ckd patients . | c | 2 | medmcqa |
The most characteristic histological finding of acute rheumatic carditis is - | [
"Fibrinous pericarditis",
"Vegetations on mitral valve leaflets",
"Aschoff bodies in myocardium",
"Increased vascularity of the valves"
] | c | 2 | medmcqa | |
According to the transplantation of Human organs act 1994, what is the punishment for a doctor found guilty | [
"Less than I year",
"Less than 2 year",
"2 to 5 years",
"More than 5 years"
] | Explanation:
C ie 2-5 years If a doctor is found guilty for unauthorized removal of human organ, or for commercial dealings etc, he can be punished with imprisonment up to 5 years and fine of 10000 Rs and removal of name from register of state medical council for 2 year for first offence and permanently for subsequent ... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
Pneumoretinopexy is an outpatient procedure in which retinal detachment is sealed with air insufflation. Which of the following gas is used in pneumorctinopexy? | [
"Sulfur hexafluoride",
"Carbon dioxide",
"Nitrous oxide",
"Oxygen"
] | Explanation:
Ans. a. Sulfur hexafluoride (Ref: Kanski 3rd/305, style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif"> -PDF/ Pneumatic- Retinopexy.pdf)Sulfur hexafluoride gas is used in pneumoretinopexy."Choices of the agent for intraocular tamponade include air, sulfur hexafluoride, perfluor... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
Cellulose is a: | [
"Fructose polymer",
"Non-starch polysaccharide",
"Starch polysaccharide",
"Glycosaminoglycan"
] | Explanation:
Option b : Cellulose is a non-starch homopolysaccharide Cellulose unbranched, non-starch homopolysaccharide It is made up of glucose molecules linked by beta (1- 4) glucosidic linkages (see fig). This linkage can't be broken down by any human enzyme due to beta anomerism at C-1. Intestinal bacteria ferment... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Skin grafting is absolutely C/I in which skin infection? | [
"Staphylococus",
"Pseudomonas",
"Streptococus",
"Proteus"
] | Explanation:
Ans is 'c' i.e. Streptococcus "The skin graft generally survives when placed over the wounds containing less than 105 organisms per gram of tissue unless the organisms are streptococci, which can rapidly dissolve transplanted skin." - S. Das 3/e, p 142 | c | 2 | medmcqa |
A 12 year old female patient complains of multiple missing teeth. The karyogram of the patient is shown below. Intra-oral findings include missing 12, 17, 33 and 43.
Open bite, macroglossia and generalised periodontitis is also present. Which of the following is commonly seen in this condition? | [
"Mouth breathing",
"Prognathic maxilla",
"Macrodontia",
"High level of caries"
] | Explanation:
Patient is suffering from Down's syndrome (trisomy of chromosome No. 21).
Skeletal findings are an underdeveloped mid-face, creating a prognathic occlusal relationship.
Oral findings include mouth breathing, open bite, appearance of macroglossia, fissured lips and tongue, angular cheilitis, delayed eruption ... | a | 0 | medmcqa |
A 45-year-old female is diagnosed as a case of pneumococcal meningitis. Her blood sample were sent for culture sensitivity. In the mean time best drug to sta as an empirical treatment is | [
"Penicillin G",
"Doxycycline",
"Streptomycin",
"Vancomycin + ceftriaxone"
] | Explanation:
Ans. d. Vancomycin + ceftriaxone Antimicrobial therapy of pneumoeoccal meningitis is initiated with a cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or cefepime) and vancomycin. "Antimicrobial therapy ofpneumococcal meningitis is initiated with a cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or cefepime) and vancomycin... | d | 3 | medmcqa |
A 72-year-old woman has had difficulty with vision in her right eye for 3 months. She also has pain in the right upper chest. The findings on physical examination include unilateral enophthalmos, miosis, anhidrosis, and ptosis on the right side of her face. A chest radiograph shows right upper lobe opacification and bo... | [
"Bronchopneumonia",
"Bronchiectasis",
"Bronchogenic carcinoma",
"Sarcoidosis"
] | Explanation:
Horner syndrome is a result of sympathetic autonomic nerve involvement by invasive pulmonary carcinoma. Such a neoplasm in this location with these associated findings is called a Pancoast tumor. Infectious processes such as pneumonia are unlikely to impinge on structures outside the lung. Bronchiectasis d... | c | 2 | medmcqa |
What is the composition of this stone? | [
"Calcium oxalate monohydrate",
"Calcium oxalate dihydrate",
"Ammonium urate",
"Calcium oxalate"
] | Explanation:
- Stone has spikes. This stone is known as JACK STONE.- Most commonly found in urinary bladder- Composition is calcium oxalate dihydrate | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Which of the following form of Vitamin A has maximum effects on DNA? | [
"Isoretinal",
"Isoretinoic acid",
"Retinaldehyde",
"Retinol"
] | Explanation:
Ans. B. Isoretinoic acid. (Ref Harrison 18th/Ch. 74; 17th/pg. 446-447; Guyton Physiology 11thtpg. 629)In pregnancy, the daily dose of vitamin A should not exceed 3 mg. Commercially available retinoid derivatives are also toxic, including 13-cis-retinoic acid, which has been associated with birth defects. A... | b | 1 | medmcqa |
The inhalational bronchodilator with long duration of action is: | [
"Salbutamol",
"Theophylline",
"Ipratropium bromide",
"Tiotropium bromide"
] | Explanation:
Tiotropium bromide :
A newer congener of ipratropium bromide which binds very tightly to bronchial M1 / M3 muscarinic receptors producing long lasting bronchodilatation.
Reference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology Eighth Edition KD TRIPATHI page no 128 | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Reward center is located in ? | [
"Cerebellum",
"Amygdala",
"Hippocampus",
"Hypothalamus"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hypothalamus | d | 3 | medmcqa |
Presence of trifluroacetic acid (TFA) in urine indicates that volatile anaesthetic agent used was | [
"Halothane",
"Methoxyflurane",
"Trichloroethylene",
"None of the above"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Halothane | a | 0 | medmcqa |
All are features of hemolytic anemia, except ? | [
"Hemoglobinuria",
"Jaundice",
"Increased haptoglobulin",
"Hemosiderinuria"
] | Explanation:
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increase haptoglobulin | c | 2 | medmcqa |
All are seen in congestive cardiac failure except – | [
"Kerley B lines",
"Prominent lower lobe vessel",
"Pleural effusions",
"Cardiomegaly"
] | Explanation:
There are prominent upper lobe vessels (not lower lobe) due to PVH.
CHF (LVF) presents radiologically with cardiomegaly and signs of pulmonary venous hypertension (see above explanation for signs of PVH). | b | 1 | medmcqa |
Enzyme replacement therapy is not available for? | [
"Gaucher's disease",
"Tay sach disease",
"Pompe's disease",
"Hurler syndrome"
] | Explanation:
Impoant diseases for which enzyme replacement therapy is available are :-Gaucher's diseaseMaroteaux Lamy syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis VI)Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis I)Fabry's diseaseHunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II)Pompe's disease (Type II glycogenosis) | b | 1 | medmcqa |
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