id int64 0 1.91k | target_ids listlengths 1 30 | scores listlengths 1 30 | query stringlengths 33 304 |
|---|---|---|---|
0 | [
372,
394,
413,
474,
485,
488
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What impact did the shifts in temporary contract usage from 2018 to 2023 have on the difference in employment stability between mobile EU workers and citizens of the host countries? |
1 | [
704,
726,
737,
779,
818,
819,
824,
825,
832,
839,
840,
1012,
1017,
1023
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What drives the rise in women's workforce involvement in EU nations such as Germany? |
2 | [
958,
959,
967,
969,
972,
976,
1007,
1008
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | reasons behind decrease in posted workers in Germany 2022 |
3 | [
342,
345,
346,
358,
420,
425
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | List EU countries that host disproportionately high numbers of low-educated or highly educated EU movers and specify the education level each attracts. |
4 | [
12,
25
] | [
1,
1
] | estimated skilled labor needs for EU green transition by 2030 |
5 | [
552,
672,
677,
678
] | [
1,
1,
2,
1
] | How has the rise in telework since 2019 influenced worker well-being and policy responses in the EU? |
6 | [
698
] | [
2
] | How might the observed trends in top-end income inequality (S80/S50) relate to broader economic shifts in high-income households during the pandemic recovery? |
7 | [
863
] | [
2
] | difference in labor productivity growth between eu and us in q4 2024 percentage points |
8 | [
958,
980
] | [
2,
2
] | According to the 2022 report, what is the average length of a posting for a worker in the European Union? |
9 | [
8,
11,
12,
14,
15,
16,
17,
19,
20,
22,
24,
25,
26,
45
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What factors contribute to the variation in per-person training costs across EU countries in the context of renewable energy expansion? |
10 | [
185,
187,
188,
286,
287
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Compare how well voucher schemes and tax-related incentives have worked in decreasing informal domestic labor across European nations |
11 | [
932
] | [
2
] | Does the Regional Green Transition Vulnerability Index show that wealthier regions reliant on polluting sectors face greater risk than poorer regions with comparable industrial profiles? |
12 | [
880,
881,
905
] | [
1,
1,
1
] | Age distribution in green versus high-digital-intensity occupations in the EU workforce |
13 | [
75,
634
] | [
2,
1
] | In 2023, which EU economic sectors experienced notable labor shortages, and what were the job vacancy rates in those sectors? |
14 | [
875,
876,
877,
878,
881,
884,
893,
897,
899,
901,
905,
907,
912,
914
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | reasons behind gender disparities in EU jobs focused on digital and green transitions |
15 | [
478
] | [
2
] | Employment disparities between EU movers and third-country nationals in Belgium, Netherlands, and Germany |
16 | [
875,
876,
877,
878,
881,
882,
884,
888,
903,
907,
912
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Examine how gender disparities in technical and digital occupations affect the long-term adaptability of the labor market, taking into account the unequal access to training outlined in the report. |
17 | [
6,
12,
13,
24,
25,
45,
926,
929,
932,
944,
945,
953,
955
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Assess the impact of gender disparities across sectors on labor market trends amid the European Union's shift toward sustainable energy. |
18 | [
511
] | [
2
] | What could explain the increased likelihood of employed EU mobile workers being at risk of poverty compared to local workers in some member states? |
19 | [
926,
928,
934,
937,
940,
945,
950,
953
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Describe the approach to creating a digital work environment centered on human needs that enhances employee wellbeing and involves workers in the development and implementation of technological systems. |
20 | [
3,
5,
8,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
21,
22,
25,
26,
33,
35,
36,
38,
44,
45,
46
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Determinants affecting workforce dynamics in EU industries undergoing green transformation |
21 | [
76,
97
] | [
2,
1
] | Compare adult learning participation rates between tertiary-educated adults and those with lower education in the EU. |
22 | [
393,
396
] | [
1,
1
] | How do the trends in EU citizen mobility compare to those of third-country nationals in terms of inflows and net mobility between 2021 and 2022? |
23 | [
872,
874,
875,
878,
880,
882,
884,
885,
886,
887,
888,
892,
893,
894,
895,
897,
900,
902,
903,
904,
905,
907
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Compare the employment conditions between digital-intensive and green economy-focused future-oriented occupations in the EU |
24 | [
1033,
1047
] | [
2,
1
] | Compare the roles of public employment services in supporting green transition versus attracting third-country workers based on current initiatives and challenges. |
25 | [
361,
446,
447,
455,
459,
465
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | In what ways did the conflict in Ukraine influence the movement of third-country nationals into Central European nations relative to those in Western Europe? |
26 | [
372,
493
] | [
1,
2
] | What explains the disparity in part-time work prevalence between female and male EU migrants in certain European Union countries? |
27 | [
60,
88,
621,
622,
632,
658,
665,
863
] | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
2,
2,
1,
1
] | Identify the EU's employment rate target for 2030 as mentioned in the summary. |
28 | [
255,
261,
304,
310
] | [
1,
1,
1,
2
] | List the number of EU countries that ratified ILO Convention C189 by 2024 as mentioned in the text. |
29 | [
360,
365,
489
] | [
1,
1,
2
] | Identify the European Union countries where involuntary part-time employment is most prevalent and describe the underlying reasons for these high rates. |
30 | [
351,
356,
372,
418,
420,
457,
485,
487,
488,
489,
490,
493,
494,
497,
499,
504,
505,
507,
508,
509,
510,
511,
512,
515,
516,
518,
519,
523,
524,
525
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | List the factors influencing income inequality among mobile EU workers as discussed in the report, including any details about how each factor contributes to disparities. |
31 | [
530,
619,
620,
638,
639,
640
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | How did strong wage growth in 2023 and subsequent changes in inflation affect real wage trends in the EU by mid-2024? |
32 | [
334,
349,
377,
379,
444,
445,
450,
453,
467,
505,
520
] | [
1,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Describe the changes in the age composition of mobile EU citizens from 2021 to 2022 in Sweden, Slovenia, and Switzerland, and analyze how these shifts may influence broader patterns of labor mobility within the EU. |
33 | [
737,
756,
818,
833,
834,
840
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Calculate the projected increase in economically active older people in the EU by 2030 based on the provided estimate. |
34 | [
130,
131,
133,
648,
649
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What has been the impact of declining PISA scores on long-term economic growth in the EU? |
35 | [
875,
876,
877,
878,
884,
905,
907
] | [
1,
1,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1
] | How does exposure to artificial intelligence affect gender distribution in forward-looking occupations within the European Union? |
36 | [
361
] | [
2
] | What drove the rise in A1 certificate issuances in Germany and Switzerland from 2022 to 2023? |
37 | [
845,
846,
852
] | [
1,
1,
1
] | Why might countries with high part-time employment rates have lower underemployment among part-time workers, and what does this suggest about labor market preferences? |
38 | [
60,
72,
75,
81,
107,
108,
126
] | [
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
1,
1
] | female employment rate European Union 2023 |
39 | [
13,
38
] | [
1,
1
] | Does the reliability of Eurostat's data assessments influence the observed labor mobility trends in Ireland? |
40 | [
788,
801,
805
] | [
1,
1,
1
] | How does Luxembourg's employee compensation compare to wage growth trends in Eastern European countries according to the 2024 review? |
41 | [
1030,
1036,
1037,
1038,
1040,
1042,
1043,
1045,
1046,
1047,
1048,
1055,
1056
] | [
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2
] | How many years had the European Network of Public Employment Services been operational by the time the 2024 Annual Report was published? |
42 | [
89,
726,
808
] | [
1,
1,
1
] | wage growth productivity gap southern vs central eastern europe |
43 | [
871,
872,
876,
877,
878,
905
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | List all male-dominated occupations in green new/emerging jobs and green high-demand jobs, including their approximate gender percentages. |
44 | [
7,
25,
33,
35
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What role do age-based workforce mobility trends in EU Member States play in shaping the challenges of transitioning labor into new green industries? |
45 | [
905
] | [
2
] | age distribution digital vs green jobs |
46 | [
861,
863,
866
] | [
1,
1,
1
] | factors contributing to EU labour market resilience amid economic slowdown |
47 | [
861
] | [
2
] | Did the EU's unemployment rate drop below 6% in February 2025, reflecting a tighter labour market than in 2023? |
48 | [
715,
726,
737,
771,
772,
806,
807,
808,
818,
835
] | [
1,
1,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What measures are part of the EU's 2024 Action Plan on Labour and Skills Shortages aimed at tackling workforce imbalances? |
49 | [
737,
835,
837,
838,
839
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Which European nations have introduced measures to combat age-related employment discrimination by eliminating mandatory retirement ages or establishing skill validation initiatives, and what particular programs do these measures involve? |
50 | [
360,
364,
402,
404,
407,
411,
412,
413,
418,
475,
485,
486,
487
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | EU movers vs third-country nationals fixed-term contracts 2023 comparison |
51 | [
713,
737,
818,
836,
838,
840
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2
] | Do pension changes in nations such as France and Sweden support higher labour market engagement for people aged 55–68 by 2030? |
52 | [
334,
351,
352,
394,
411
] | [
2,
2,
1,
2,
1
] | What is the percentage point difference in permanent contract rates between mobile EU healthcare workers and host-country nationals in 2023? |
53 | [
884,
887,
891,
906
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Compare the job strain and earnings predictability between workers in green jobs facing labour shortages and those in digital-intensive roles. |
54 | [
883,
884
] | [
1,
1
] | Identify the percentage of workers in AI-exposed and highly digital occupations who have permanent contracts and compare it to the EU average. |
55 | [
819,
821,
822,
824
] | [
1,
1,
2,
1
] | comparison of employment rates among older workers across EU member states |
56 | [
370,
371,
401,
419,
478,
480,
485,
494,
510
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | How do labour market integration and the prevalence of part-time employment compare between EU citizens working abroad and third-country nationals within the EU? |
57 | [
1011,
1012
] | [
2,
2
] | Determine the anticipated reduction in the labour force, in millions, projected for 2070 according to the static model scenario. |
58 | [
343
] | [
2
] | What proportion of Estonia's nurses are working in other EU or EFTA member states? |
59 | [
903,
907
] | [
1,
1
] | Compare training participation rates between AI-exposed occupations and traditional service industries in the EU labor market |
60 | [
1031,
1032
] | [
1,
1
] | Is there uniform interest across all EU regions in adopting Individual Learning Accounts according to the 2024 report? |
61 | [
875,
887,
905,
914
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Examine the underlying causes of gender disparities in EU jobs related to the digital and green transitions, and propose policy actions to reduce these inequities. |
62 | [
485
] | [
2
] | Did the gap in fixed-term employment rates between EU movers and nationals decrease between 2018 and 2023? |
63 | [
361,
393,
443,
444,
446,
448,
479
] | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What drove the rise in immigration from non-EU nationals to the European Union during the period from 2021 to 2022? |
64 | [
722,
738,
753
] | [
1,
1,
1
] | employment rate change Greece Portugal 2019-2023 |
65 | [
1035,
1036,
1037,
1038,
1039,
1040,
1043,
1044,
1045,
1046,
1047,
1048,
1049,
1050,
1051,
1054,
1055,
1056,
1057,
1058
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | How does the PES Network use digital tools to support knowledge sharing among public employment services in Europe? |
66 | [
353,
356,
430,
432
] | [
1,
1,
2,
2
] | Analyze how full-time employment among returning health workers evolved in the Netherlands and Italy from 2018 to 2023, and describe the differences in their employment trends. |
67 | [
923,
925,
926,
927,
928,
929,
933,
934,
937,
944,
946,
950,
953
] | [
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Analyze how digitalization and AI are contributing to new forms of worker vulnerability in platform work |
68 | [
173,
234,
281,
283
] | [
1,
1,
1,
2
] | Is the prevalence of undeclared work in non-care domestic tasks higher than in care-related services across European countries? |
69 | [
1064,
1066,
1067,
1079,
1080,
1085,
1089,
1090,
1091,
1092,
1106
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | How do the approaches of Estonia, Slovenia, and Germany differ in designing initiatives to enhance research career paths, particularly in tackling issues related to recruitment and advancement? |
70 | [
1011,
1012,
1013,
1017,
1022,
1023,
1025,
1026,
1027
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Describe the approach outlined in the EU report for tackling workforce demographic challenges using integrated policy measures. |
71 | [
3,
6,
10,
12,
13,
15,
22,
25,
26,
33,
36,
38,
43,
44,
45,
46
] | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What patterns of workforce movement are evident in EU transforming sectors during the period from 2010 to 2020? |
72 | [
871,
872,
873
] | [
1,
1,
2
] | What percentage of EU employment is accounted for by future-oriented occupations? |
73 | [
958,
975
] | [
2,
2
] | Which countries reported more than 10% of temporary agency postings, and how do their shares compare to the EU average? |
74 | [
231,
255,
256,
257,
261,
300,
304,
310
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | ILO Convention C189 ratification EU countries 2024 |
75 | [
231,
255,
261,
304,
310
] | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Compare the count of EU countries that have ratified ILO Convention C189 with those that provide domestic workers the same labour and social protection as other workers. |
76 | [
887,
906,
907
] | [
1,
1,
1
] | Compare the job strain levels and access to training between AI-exposed occupations and labour-shortage occupations in the EU based on the provided data. |
77 | [
828
] | [
2
] | Compare the effectiveness of training participation and job transition rates for older workers in leading versus lagging EU countries based on recent trends. |
78 | [
1012,
1013
] | [
2,
1
] | Explain how implementing Sweden's labor force participation approach would affect the expected reduction in the EU's workforce. |
79 | [
130,
131
] | [
2,
1
] | List the distribution of EU education funding across pre-primary/primary, secondary, and tertiary levels in 2022 |
80 | [
958,
960,
969,
976,
983,
987,
991,
993,
994,
999,
1008
] | [
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2
] | What are the predominant third-country nationalities involved in worker postings within the EU, and in which main sectors are they employed across different member states? |
81 | [
548,
581,
586,
627,
638,
653,
669,
670
] | [
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | percentage of individuals with digital skills in Bulgaria |
82 | [
715,
786,
788,
791,
795,
804,
805,
808
] | [
1,
1,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Using labour market data from 2022 to 2024, determine two countries where rises in statutory minimum wages resulted in real wage growth and two countries where high inflation diminished these gains. |
83 | [
334,
338,
340,
341,
342,
345,
349,
358,
394
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What systemic challenges prevent surplus healthcare graduates from addressing workforce shortages in the EU? |
84 | [
796,
797,
805,
831
] | [
1,
2,
1,
1
] | List the EU countries where minimum wage non-compliance is particularly high and identify the vulnerable worker groups most affected in those countries. |
85 | [
3,
4,
8,
9,
11,
12,
13,
15,
20,
21,
22,
27,
37,
38,
44,
45,
46
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Explain how labour market transitions can support the green transition in the EU, considering sectoral changes and skill demands. |
86 | [
475,
489,
493
] | [
1,
1,
1
] | Analyze the factors contributing to the persistent gender gap in part-time employment among EU movers, particularly the 36% of women compared to 8% of men in 2023. |
87 | [
921,
922,
933,
935,
936,
937,
939,
942,
950,
953,
954,
955
] | [
2,
1,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
2,
1,
2,
1,
2
] | Is the EU's projected job growth from the green transition contingent on resolving public sector skills shortages in clean energy? (Yes/No?) |
88 | [
884,
887,
898,
906,
912,
917
] | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Do AI-exposed roles have a greater likelihood of permanent employment compared to the overall EU average? |
89 | [
1011,
1012,
1013,
1015,
1016,
1017,
1022,
1023,
1025,
1026,
1027
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Summarize the key factors influencing future EU labor force trends and the policy interventions proposed to address demographic challenges. |
90 | [
846,
849,
850,
851,
853
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Analyze how gender and household status influence underemployment among part-time workers in the EU, and compare the underlying factors driving these patterns. |
91 | [
921,
922,
925,
926,
927,
928,
929,
931,
932,
935,
936,
937,
938,
940,
942,
944,
946,
949,
950,
951,
953,
955
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Describe the ways in which digital transformation and automated systems influence labor market risks and inequalities in Europe |
92 | [
354,
704,
755,
756
] | [
1,
1,
2,
1
] | What percentage of the EU labour force increase in 2023 was due to non-EU citizens? |
93 | [
504
] | [
2
] | How do the risks of poverty and social exclusion for mobile EU workers compare to those of third-country nationals, and what factors might explain these differences? |
94 | [
1040,
1045,
1046,
1047,
1048,
1049,
1050,
1054,
1056,
1058
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | In what ways has the Benchlearning initiative supported the advancement and modernization of public employment services across Europe? |
95 | [
618,
619,
665
] | [
2,
1,
1
] | employment rate tertiary education vs low skilled workers EU 2023 |
96 | [
2,
3,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
24,
25,
26,
44,
45,
46
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | What underlying reasons explain the limited job mobility among employees in energy-intensive sectors across the European Union? |
97 | [
1033,
1035,
1036,
1037,
1038,
1039,
1040,
1047,
1048,
1049,
1050,
1054,
1055,
1056,
1057,
1058
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Examine how the emphasis on digital and green competencies in career guidance mirrors wider economic and technological transformations in European labor markets. |
98 | [
6,
8,
12,
13,
25,
45
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | Identify factors contributing to gender disparities in green energy sector employment and their impact on workforce composition |
99 | [
74,
94,
563,
619,
659
] | [
1,
1,
1,
2,
1
] | Compare the employment growth trends among older workers (55–64) and youth employment in the EU's 2023 labour market. |
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