| --- |
| pretty_name: Dafny GitHub Dataset |
| license: other |
| license_name: mixed-see-license-field |
| language: |
| - code |
| task_categories: |
| - text-generation |
| tags: |
| - dafny |
| - formal-verification |
| - program-verification |
| - code |
| - theorem-proving |
| size_categories: |
| - 100K<n<1M |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/train-*.parquet |
| --- |
| |
| # Dafny GitHub Dataset |
|
|
| A corpus of publicly available **Dafny** (`.dfy`) source code crawled from GitHub, packaged as |
| JSONL for model training and analysis. Dafny is a verification-aware programming language with |
| built-in specification constructs (pre/postconditions, invariants, `assert`/`assume`) checked by |
| an SMT solver. |
|
|
| - **106,404** unique-by-content `.dfy` files |
| - **966** source repositories (of 1,018 discovered; forks excluded) |
| - **753 MB** of source (stored as ~44 MB of zstd Parquet), median **5** files per repo |
| - Crawled **2026-07-22** |
|
|
| ## Dataset structure |
|
|
| One JSON object per line: |
|
|
| | field | type | description | |
| |------------------|--------|---------------------------------------------------------| |
| | `repo` | string | `owner/name` of the source repository | |
| | `path` | string | file path within the repo | |
| | `license` | string | SPDX id of the repo's license, or `null` | |
| | `stars` | int | repo stargazer count at crawl time | |
| | `default_branch` | string | branch the file was taken from | |
| | `commit_sha` | string | commit / tree sha the file was read from | |
| | `pushed_at` | string | repo last-push timestamp (ISO 8601) | |
| | `size_bytes` | int | file size in bytes | |
| | `sha256` | string | SHA-256 of the file content (deduplication key) | |
| | `content` | string | full UTF-8 source of the `.dfy` file | |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| ds = load_dataset("hath995/DafnyGithub-Dataset", split="train") |
| print(ds[0]["repo"], ds[0]["path"]) |
| print(ds[0]["content"]) |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## How it was built |
|
|
| 1. **Discovery** — union of two GitHub channels: repo search `language:Dafny` (747 repos) and code |
| search `extension:dfy` sliced by file size to beat the 1,000-result cap (surfacing `.dfy` files |
| in otherwise non-Dafny repos). Forks are excluded (GitHub search excludes them by default). |
| 2. **Extraction** — each repo shallow-cloned with a blobless partial + sparse checkout of `*.dfy` |
| only (so a 2 GB repo pulls just its Dafny files). Repos that fail to check out on Windows |
| (invalid paths, sparse-checkout edge cases) were recovered via the GitHub trees + raw-blob API. |
| 3. **Deduplication** — files are deduplicated by exact content (`sha256`); ~117k exact duplicates |
| were dropped during the crawl. Near-duplicates are **not** collapsed. |
|
|
| ## Considerations for using the data |
|
|
| ### Licensing |
|
|
| All files are included regardless of license; the `license` field records each repo's SPDX id so |
| you can filter per your needs. **A `null` or `NOASSERTION` value does not grant redistribution or |
| training rights** — filter accordingly before releasing or training. |
|
|
| Files by license: `null`/NONE 47,205 · NOASSERTION 33,730 · MIT 20,552 · Apache-2.0 3,880 · |
| GPL-3.0 725 · BSD-2-Clause 94 · AGPL-3.0 73 · GPL-2.0 61 · BSD-3-Clause 33 · CC0-1.0 22 · |
| BSL-1.0 12 · Unlicense 11 · CC-BY-4.0 4 · ISC 2. (`NOASSERTION` = a LICENSE file GitHub could not |
| map to an SPDX id.) |
|
|
| ### Synthetic / benchmark corpora dominate the tail |
|
|
| A handful of repos are auto-generated verification benchmarks or LLM / mutation study data. They |
| account for a large share of files, and because each differs by only a token or two, exact-content |
| dedup does not collapse them: |
|
|
| | repo | files | nature | |
| |------|-------|--------| |
| | `VeriFixer/DSpec2Test` | 26,875 | generated spec→test benchmark | |
| | `ValentinaWu1112/…LLM-APR` | 11,119 | LLM program-repair attempts | |
| | `VeriFixer/DafnyFaultLoc` | 7,878 | fault-localization benchmark | |
| | `Beneficial-AI-Foundation/vericoding-benchmark` | 6,169 | vericoding benchmark | |
| | `MutDafny/mutdafny-study-data` | 4,652 | mutation-testing variants (partial: GitHub truncated the tree) | |
|
|
| For human-authored Dafny, filter these out: |
|
|
| ```python |
| DROP = { |
| "VeriFixer/DSpec2Test", "VeriFixer/DafnyFaultLoc", |
| "ValentinaWu1112/Automated-Program-Repair-of-Arithmetic-Programs-in-Dafny-using-Large-Language-Models", |
| "Beneficial-AI-Foundation/vericoding-benchmark", "MutDafny/mutdafny-study-data", |
| } |
| ds_human = ds.filter(lambda r: r["repo"] not in DROP) |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Limitations |
|
|
| - Snapshot of default branches at crawl time; no history, branches, or PRs. |
| - `mutdafny-study-data` is partial (GitHub truncated its recursive tree). |
| - Files larger than 2 MB were skipped. |
| - Coverage reflects GitHub's code-search index, which does not include every repo exhaustively. |
|
|
| ## Provenance |
|
|
| Reproducible via the crawler scripts (`discover_repos.py`, `fetch_files.py`, `retry_api.py`). |
| Content belongs to the original repository authors under their respective licenses. |
|
|
